Basic Electrical Safety-LOTO[1]

8/6/2019 Basic Electrical Safety-LOTO[1]

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Basic Electrical Safety


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Energized Electrical Work (EEW)

Show Video:

Electrical Safety

for Qualified Electrical Workers


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Table of Contents

Module 1:Safety Roles and Responsibilities

Module 2:Basic Electrical TermsModule 3:Current and the Human BodyModule 4:Electrical Accident Injuries

Module 5:Electrical HazardsModule 6:Emergency Response Steps


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Module 1Module 1

Safety Roles and Responsibil it ies


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Module 1 Topics

What role do employeesand management play insafety?

What is a safetyviolation?

What are the procedures

for reporting safetyviolations?


Safety Roles and Responsibil ities

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Management must:

Create and maintain asafe work environment.

Determine and arrange

for appropriate safetytraining.

Regularly inspect work

areas and equipmentfor hazards and takeimmediate correctiveaction when necessary.

What is managements role in safety?Safety Roles and Responsibil ities


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Management must also:

Enforce company safetyprocedures.

Report and correct safetyviolations or accidents.

Be a safety role model.

What is managements role in safety?



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Follow all safetyprocedures as detailed inspecs.

Report all safety hazardsand violations.

Ensure all employees(including contractorsand vendors) complyw ith safety procedures.

What is the employees role in safety?



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Recognize electricalhazards and makesound judgments on

your ability to do a jobsafely.

Be qualified andtrained to work onelectrically energizedequipment for yourjob.

What is the employees role in safety?



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What is a safety violation?A situation in which:

The task being performedcontradicts the stated policy,training, or good commonsense (not w earing properPPE for the job).

Personal safety is impactedby the way a person works

(not follow ing specs to fixequipment or usingshortcuts).

Safety is owned by you!



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What are the procedures for reporting safety violations?

STOP the v iolation, ifpossible.

REPORT, verbally, thesituation to the supervisor incharge immediately.

RECORD the details inw ritten memo form.

FOLLOW-UP w ith thesupervisor on what is beingdone.

If you observe a

safety violation,you should:



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Module 2Module 2

Basic Electrical Terms


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What are the definitions of these terms?

Electricity

Current

Voltage

Resistance

Amps

Volts

Topics

Ohms

Direct current

Alternatingcurrent

Conductor

Insulator



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Electrons spin around thenucleus of an atom and

are easily broken away.

When an electron isbroken away and sent on

a circuit, we have anelectrical system.

It is composed of the simplest form of matter, the electron.

What is electricity?



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How does electricity flow? The flow of electrons in an electrical

circuitis called current.

Currentflow in a circuit is similar towater flow ing through a hose.



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How does electricity flow? Water flow depends

on the amount ofpressure supplied bythe pump, and the

w idth and friction ofthe hose.

Current flow dependson pressure produced

by the generator, andthe characteristics ofthe circuit.



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The amount of current that flows in a circuit depends

on voltage and resistance:

What are voltage and resistance?

The "pressure" thatpushes electrons

through a circuit iscalled voltage.

The opposition the

circuit offers to theflow of electrons iscalled resistance.



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How is electricity measured?

The "pressure" (voltage)that "pushes" electronsthrough a circuit ismeasured in volts.

The flow of electrons(current) passing a givenpoint is measured inamperes (amps).

The opposition to the flowof electrons (resistance) ismeasured in ohms.



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What is an electrical insulator? A material having few free

electronsthat cannot moveeasily.

Rubber, dry w ood,

porcelain, and clay are goodinsulators.

Insulators prevent

electricity from flow ingwhere it should not flowand control the flow ofelectricity in order to

prevent accidents.



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What are Direct and Alternating currents?

Direct Current (DC):Current that flows in onedirection and voltage neverchanges, like a car battery.

Alternat ing Current(AC): Current that changesdirection at a regular rate,like electrical current

supplied to your home.



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Module 3Module 3

Current and the Human Body


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How does current enterand travel through thehuman body?

How does current affectthe body?

How can you protectyourself from electricalcurrent?

Module 3 Topics



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How does current enter the body?

Typical points of

entry are thehands and feet asthey come incontact w ithelectrical current.

Moisture beneatha ring or watch

w ill decrease theskin's resistanceand allow currentflow .



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How does current travel through the body? The body, composed mostly of

water, is a conductorofelectricity, so current travelseasily.

Current travels thepath of least

resistanceto complete itscircuit.

This path could be throughupper limbs or between upper

and lower l imbs.

If this includes the heart andrespiratory systems, it canresult in serious injury.



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How does alternating currentaffect the body?

At .4 mA: No sensation.

At 1.1 mA: A slight tinglingsensation.

At 1.8 mA: Shock.

At 16 mA: Painful shock.Loss of muscle control cancause the person to lock on

to the source.

Above 23 mA: Severeinjuries and possible death.



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How can you protect yourselffrom electrical current?

Understand the basics: How current flows through a

circuit (the greater the currentthe greater the danger).

Which materials areconductors and which areinsulators.

How small measurements ofelectrical current can still bevery dangerous, especially ifthere is low resistance such aswet conditions or not w earing

PPE.



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Make repairs unless

the power is off andis disconnected byfollow ing properCoHE procedures.

When working around electricalequipment, NEVER:



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Use equipment or

appliances w ith frayedcords.

Operate, repair, submergeor work w ith equipment inor around water.

When working around electricalequipment, NEVER:



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When working around electricalequipment, ALWAYS:

Remove all conductors such as metaljewelry and watches.

Remove pagers and portable phones.

Use required PPE such as insulatedtools, gloves, and floor mats.

Keep your skin dry!

Use warning signs and protectivebarriers.



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Module 4Module 4

Electrical Accident and Injuries


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What are the primaryand secondary injuriesresulting from

electrical accidents?

What factors determine

the severity of aninjury from electricalcurrent?

Module 4 Topics

Basic Electrical SafetyElectrical Accident and Injuries

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El i l S f


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What injuries are caused from electrical accidents?

There are two categories:

Primary injuries--physicaldamage directly to the bodyfrom the electrical current (1 st

-3 rd degree burns) andarc/flash

Secondary injuries--physicaldamage to the body resultingfrom accidents caused by theshock (head injuries from afall).

Electrical SafetyElectrical Accident and Injuries

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El t i l S f t


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Burns: Can vary in degree from m inor surface blisters

to 1 st to 3 rd degree burns.

High voltage electrical burns can cause suchextensive injury that amputation may becomenecessary.

Types of burns include electrical, thermal, and

arc/ flash burns.

High current use often causes extremely hotsurfaces.

Primary Injuries

Electrical SafetyElectrical Accident and Injuries

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B i El t i l S f t


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Primary InjuriesElectrical Burns

May occur as currentpasses through thebody and generates

heat.

Often appear at thepoints of entry and exit.

If internal, may damageor burn tissue and vitalorgans.


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B i El t i l S f t


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Primary Injuries

Electrical current can disturbthe normal function of nervesand muscles including the

heart and lungs. If chest muscles remain

contracted, breathing can

stop. CPR is required immediately

to restore breathing.

Respiratory Failure


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Primary Injuries

Electrical current can cause a rapid

irregular contraction of the heartmuscle and lack of synchronismbetween heartbeat and pulse.

Can lead to immediate heart and/orrespiratory failure requiring CPR.

Sometimes symptoms may not

appear until later; if you receive ashock, report it to the nurseimmediately to ensure no problemsexist.

Ventricular Fibrillation


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What are secondary injuries?

Falls from high placescan cause concussions,

broken bones, orlacerations.

During shock, the reflex

actions of muscles maycause falls or suddenmoves into otherhazards.

Injuries to the body resulting from accidentscaused by electrical current:


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What determines the severity ofinjuries from electrical shock?

The amount of current oramperage passing through thebody.

The current path through thebody.

The frequency of the current (acor dc).

The duration of the currentflow .

The intensity of the arc/ flash


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Module 5Module 5Electrical Hazards


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Electrical Safety


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An electrical sourceof danger.

A potential risk foran electricalaccident.

What is an electrical hazard?

Electrical SafetyElectrical Hazard

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Electrical Safety


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Electrical Hazards in the Workplace

What are some examples ofcommon electrical hazardsin the w orkplace?

What action should be takento correct them?

Classify which are behavioralhazards and which arephysical hazards.


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What are the types of electrical hazards?A situation w ith thepotential for humaninjury.Electrical hazards can

be:

Physical hazards(unsafe condition)

Behavioral hazard

(unsafe Act)

Basic Electrical SafetyElectrical Hazard

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Electrical Safety


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Wet floors.

Bare or frayed w ires

Overloaded circuits

An electrical cord under rug or tarp. Energized equipment w ith exposed

circuits. Storage of flammables near

electrical outlets or equipment. Area not barricaded during electrical

work


Physical Hazards (Unsafe Conditions)

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Not follow ing specsor safetyprecautions.

Observing otheremployees notfollow ing specs and

failing to correctthe unsafebehavior.

Behavioral Hazard

Basic Electrical SafetyElectrical Hazard

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Electrical Safety


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Behavioral hazard

Indifference.

Lack of know ledge.

Working stressed or fatigued

Taking shortcuts or risks.


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Not follow ing specs or directions.

Not de-energizing.

Not locking-out.

Work ing alone. Removing ground prong.

Thinking, I t cant happen to me.


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Active Protection

Wearing PPE. Use of insulated tools/mats.

Use of fiberglass ladders only.

Barricading the work area. Applying secondary grounding. Knowledge of the task to be performed. Not using metal fish tapes.

Removal of jewelry before beginning work. Use of proper illumination. Removal of combustibles in area.

yElectrical Hazard

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STOP and THINK about the hazards:

Before you try to fixan electricalproblem.

Before you operateany piece ofelectrical equipment.

yElectrical Hazard

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Module 6Module 6

Emergency Response Steps



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What are the propersteps for responding

to an electricalaccident?

Module 6 Topic

Emergency Response Step

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Find the EmergencyMachine Off (EMO)button and turn offthe power.

Know in advancewhere these buttonsare located.

Step #1: Turn off the Power


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Step #2: Safely Free the Person If it is not possible to find the

EMO sw itch, attempt to safelyfree the person w ith properequipment such as a bodyhook, non-conductive harness,or other non-conductive objectto pry or knock the personfree.

Never attempt to pull theperson away by hand; youcould also lock onto thesource.


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Step #3: Call for Help

Pick up the phoneand call for help.

Be sure you know

(ahead of time) theemergency numberat your site. P3P4-

3911 and P1P2-7111/7171


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Stay w ith theperson until helparrives.

Inform people inthe area in order toavoid further

injuries.

Step #4: Do Not Leave the Person


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Step #1: Turn off the Power

Step #2: Safely Free the Person

Step #3: Call for Help

Step #4: Do not Leave the Person

Emergency Response Steps Review


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SERIOUS ELECTRICALSERIOUS ELECTRICALINJURIESINJURIES


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SERIOUS ELECTRICALSERIOUS ELECTRICALINJURIESINJURIES


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Thank you

4-12

Control Of Hazardous Energy


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LOCK OUT / TAG OUT


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LOCKOUT KITLOCKOUT KIT



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1. Introduction

2. Types of HazardousEnergies

3. Lockout/Tagout

Procedures

Course Outline:




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IntroductionCourse Goal:

Control of Hazardous Energies isdesigned for employees who arerequired to lockout/tagout equipment.

It explains the types of potentialhazardous energies in students workareas. Students will learn how to

control hazardous energies byperforming lockout/tagout procedures.

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As a part of ATP commitment to safety, theControl of Hazardous Energies program is to be

strictly followed to ensure the safety of itsemployees.

What is a hazardous energy?

Any form of energy, in anuncontrolled state, which presents aPOTENTIAL for injury or damage.




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Electrical: voltage, current, static electrical potentials, RF

Chemical: reaction, fire, explosion

Mechanical: shearing, rolling, crushing, pinching

Thermal: hotter than 140F/60C, colder than 32F/0C

Potential or stored energy: batteries, springs, capacitors

Other: laser, ionizing & non-ionizing radiation, pneumatic,hydraulic, gravitational, pressure

Types of Hazardous Energies

Co t o O a a dous e gy


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DANG

ER

Copied by permission of Coastal Video Communications Corp.

Show Video:

Lockout/Tagout: Controlling the Beast



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Electrical LockoutsElectrical Lockouts

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Gate Valve Lockouts

Hasps / Cable Lockouts

Ball Valve Lockouts

Mechanical LockoutsMechanical Lockouts

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Lockout:

The placement of aphysical restraint energyisolating device, which

ensures that theequipment cannot beoperated or cannot

release a hazardousenergy.

Terms and Definitions

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Tagout:The placement of awarning/ identification tag

on an energy isolatingdevice to indicate that theequipment must not be

operated. It also identifiesthe person who applied thelock/tag.


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Energy Control Point:The single point at whichhazardous energy flow can

be effectively and positivelyblocked so that it can nolonger cause injury or loss

of resources. There may bemore than one EnergyControl Point on a tool.




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Affected person: A person who operates

or maintains equipment that may belocked/tagged out. Also, a person whoworks in an area where equipment is beingserviced.

Authorized person: A person wholocks/tags out machines or equipment inorder to perform servicing or maintenance.

Danger Zone:The area or work spacewhere, if the hazardous energy wasinadvertently released, the energy couldpotentially cause injury.

Terms and Definitions, continued



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COHE Alternative Method Exception when lockout/tagout is

not required or is impractical duringmaintenance activities

Alternative means must enableemployees to service the machinewithout being exposed to hazardousenergy

Must be approved by governingbody before lockout/tagoutrequirement is discontinued



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Situations Requiring Lockout/Tagout

Servicing, maintaining, or repairing any

equipment where hazardous energiesare present.

Working on electrical circuits and

systems to prevent the risk ofelectrical shock, flash, or blast.

Working near other hazardous

energies that could result in theunintentional release of storedenergy, causing injury.



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Lockout/tagout is required when thework requires an employee to place

any part of his/her body into an areawhere a danger zone exists.

Only authorized persons are allowed

to perform lockout/tagout onequipment.

All equipment using hazardous

energies must be capable ofaccepting lockout/tagout.

Guideline Requirements


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Step 2 Apply Lockout/Tag out Devices

: Apply the lockout/ tag out

device to the energy controlpoint in the off position

Dissipate, drain, or safelyrelease any stored energy.

Verify that ALL energysources have been isolated.

Attempt to restart. Test w ith meters, gauges,

Remember to do a 3-point check toensure your volt meter is workingproperly



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Step 3: Prepare for Re-Energization

Inspect work area for removal of

nonessential items. Ensure all safety controls have been

replaced (interlocks, valves, guards,covers, etc.).

Notify Affected Employees beforere-energization.

Ensure personnel are in a safe

location before re-energizingsystem.



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Remove locks and tags

Remove blocks, blinds, etc. ifapplicable.

Re-energize the equipment/system.

Communicate to all affectedpersonnel that the equipment has

been re-energized.

Step 4: Removal of Lockout/Tagout Devices



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May also be known asequipment lockout oroperational lockout.

Provides protection to systems,

equipment, and/or machineryONLY--no employees.

Requires different locks and tags

than the locks and tags used forControlling Hazardous Energies.

The Custodial Lockout



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Equipment Used for Lockout/Tagout Lockout/tagout devices must be

standardized.

Locks must be unique with a single key,and not used for any other purpose.

Tags must:

Be durable and withstand theenvironmental conditions encounteredin the workplace.

Be used whenever a lock is placed. Contain specific employee information. Be secured to the energy control point.



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Abandoned locks

Contract workers

Multiple workers

Lock boxes

Change of shift

Special Situations


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Special Situations: Contract Workers

Contractors will inform their ATP

Sponsors of their control of hazardous

energies program.

All contractor procedures must meetOSHA requirements, as well as ATP

expectations.

The ATP Sponsor will ensure that the

contractor has an understanding ofATP Control of Hazardous Energiesprogram, as well as specific procedures

that may affect him/her.

S i l Si i M l i l W k



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Special Situations: Multiple Workers

Always use a multi-lock hasp and/or lock box.

Never remove anyone elses lock and tag.

Never rely on anyone elses lock and tag.

Each lock will have a single key and the key mustbe held by the person who applied the lock.



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The Tool Owner, Project Manager, or personsupervising the lockout must:

Apply a lock and tag to each hazardous energy

control point.

Place the key(s) to the lock(s) in a lock box.

Affix his/her own lock and tag to the lock box.

Special Situations: Lock Boxes


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Special Situations End or Change of Shift



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Both parties must be in attendance. The new shift worker must secure the source

or lockout point with his/her own lock and tagand verify zero energy (always refer back tothe applicable Energy Control Procedure).

The current shift worker must remove his/herown lock and tag. Keys shall never be exchanged or passed

between employees.

Special Situations: End or Change of Shift If work is extended beyond one shift, or

a relief person is needed to complete the

work, a handoff must be coordinatedbetween both parties.


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Thank you

Documents

Basic Electrical Safety-LOTO[1]