Approved by DC-E USCG AuxA, Inc
BOATING SKILLS AND BOATING SKILLS AND SEAMANSHIPSEAMANSHIP
BOATING SKILLS AND BOATING SKILLS AND SEAMANSHIPSEAMANSHIP
Lesson 4
HANDLING YOUR BOAT
2
Lesson Objectives
• Boat handling and loading• Fueling and 1/3 rule• Prop selection and operation• Safe boating operation• Anchoring procedures• About hypothermia• Undocking and docking/mooring• Heavy weather operations
3
Fueling Your Boat
• 1/3 rule
• Ground fuel hose to boat rail or gas cap
• Keep fumes out
• Prevent spills
• Portable tanks
• Gasoline in bilge
4
Getting Started
• Brief your guests
• Check on weather
• Life jackets out and ready
• Test throttle and steering
• Gas and oil – check gages
• Engine warmed up – check gages & tell tale
5
Hull TypesHandling Characteristics
Hull TypesHandling Characteristics
6
Propellers
• Selecting the right prop• To protect prop, use:
– Shear pin– Slip Hub
• Should carry on board– Spare pins– Spare prop– Tools
• Guard against cavitation & ventilation
7
Propeller Diameter and Pitch
Propeller Diameter and Pitch
8
Powering your boatPowering your boat
• The Prop
• Modifications
• Speed vs. Horse Power
9
Jet DrivesJet Drives
• PWCs …………………………. Age?
• OTS ………………………… Kill Switch
• Local Laws
10
Safety First• Don’t overload• Secure load from shifting• Bow, gunwales, seat backs, stern are
not seats• Don’t’ Stand
11
SteeringSteering
• Car– Front wheels steer and vehicle moves in
direction you turn
• Boat– Stern steers & back half of boat moves in
opposite direction before eventually moving in direction you intend
– Pivot point generally 1/3 back from bow– May control with spring lines– Stopping
12
Driving Cars and Boats
13
Steering, Single Prop
• Forward gear, stern moves in opposite direction• Reverse gear, stern moves in direction of turn• Right hand prop has small prop walk to right in
forward, larger walk to port in reverse
14
Steering Twin - Props
• Each Engine Will have Its own Throttle and Gear Controls
• You Can Turn Slowly by Operating One Engine Faster Than the Other
• Prop walk offset by one left & one right hand prop. When operating only one, remember walk
• You Can PIVOT in a Narrow Area by Putting One engine in FORWARD, the Other in REVERSE
15
Steering Techniques Twin Propellers
Steering Techniques Twin Propellers
• Steer with rudder when at speed• Use differential prop thrust at dock• Use both rudder and thrust to walk
sideways– Forward on port, reverse on starboard to
swing bow to starboard– Since forward prop has more thrust, rudder
to port with above also moves stern to starboard
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Steering Techniques Jet Drive
Steering Techniques Jet Drive
• No prop; no prop walk• No neutral; balance forward & reverse
thrust• Turns requirepower use burst• Pivot pointnearer intake; sharp turns
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Tilt AdjustmentTilt Adjustment
• Drop bow in rough water for comfort and damage prevention
• Lift bow in flat water for speed
18
• Wind & Current
• Crew
• Slow and easy (“Fending Off”)
• Lines & Fenders
DockingDocking
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Docking or Undocking
• Where is wind?– What is its effect on your boat?
• Where is current?– What is its effect on your boat?
• When docking – Check wind & current by stopping boat.
– Use ample amount of neutral
20
Leaving dock - Wind off dock
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Leaving dock - Wind on bow
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Springing Away From Dock; Wind Onto Dock
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Docking - Wind Onto Dock
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Docking - Wind off DockDocking - Wind off Dock
25
Anchor Types
26
Anchoring
• Boat’s Motion
• Lowering Anchor
• Setting Anchor
• Anchor Dragging
• Deck Fastenings
• Checking Position
27
Anchor Rode
• Everything between boat and anchor– Line– Thimble– Shackle– Wire Lock– Chain
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• Rode– Name For the Line and All Associated Gear
From Boat to Anchor
• Chain – Connects between Anchor and Line– Prevent Chafing of line on Bottom
• Recommended use of nylon line– Stretches as wave action lifts vessel – Acts as a shock absorber
The Anchor RodeThe Anchor Rode
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Deploying the Anchor
• Find a protected spot• Head Your boat Into wind/current • Stop Boat• Lower the anchor until it reaches bottom • Back slowly while letting out the Line• Normal Scope:• 7 TO 1• If Depth is 10 ft
Scope is 70 ft
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Properly Set AnchorProperly Set Anchor
31
Raising the Anchor
• Head the boat toward the anchor – Go head slowly, hauling In the Line
• Stop Boat when Over Anchor (Line is Straight down)
• Lift Anchor Slowly
• Use Care – Prevent the Anchor From Bashing against the Hull
32
Getting Underway
• Weighing anchor
• Fouled anchor
• Using boat’s power
33
Heavy WeatherHeavy Weather
• The Warning Signs
• Radio
• Radar
• Visibility
• Narrow Inlets
• Bars
• Get Advice
34
Underway Preparation
• Heavy Weather– Close topside openings– Pump out bilges– Secure loose gear– Put on life jackets– Break out emergency gear– Check / update position– Look for shelter– Instruct crew
35
Broaching
36
PitchpolingPitchpoling
37
YawingYawing
• Unintended turning of boat due to slow speed or loss of rudder contact with water at crest of wave
• May require considerable engine power to overcome once prop & rudder back in water
38
Using a DrogueUsing a Drogue
39
Operating in “thick” Weather
• Operate at a Safe Speed
• Need to:– See and be seen– Hear and be heard
• Use:– Lookouts forward– Passive radar reflector
40
The Sea is so LargeThe Sea is so Large
41
Safety at SeaSafety at Sea
• Equipment– You get what you pay for
• Knowledge and experience– You are here
• Common sense– Know when to go and when not
• Have a plan– MOB, Medical Emergency,Spill, Lost, Out
of Fuel, Mechanical Failure, Fire At Sea, and Sinking
42
Running AgroundRunning Aground
• Check for leaks
• Raise outboard
• Move passengers to stern
• Try rocking boat
• Place anchor astern and pull off
• Call for assistance
43
Environmental ConcernsEnvironmental Concerns
• Follow markers
• Don’t stir up bottom
• Use proper anchoring technique
• Properly dispose of waste
• Beware of oil and fuel spills
44
Summary• Fueling procedures
• The propeller
• Driving boat vs. car
• Twin vs. single screw handling
• Tilt adjustments
• Loading the boat
• Getting started
• Leaving pier and docking
• Mooring and anchoring
• Heavy weather