Analysis of Distributed Generation and Power Losses
Viesgo Distribución CEER Workshop for the Benchmarking Report on Power Losses 6 October 2016
Agenda
1. Overview of Viesgo
2. Distributed Generation in Spain
3. Presentation of ABB & Viesgo’s deep-dive study on Grid Losses
4. Regulatory approach to Grid Losses Calculation
5. Next Challenges
SPAIN
Viesgo in figures
Wind (448 MW)
Thermal (913 MW)
Hydro (704 MW)
Mini Hydro (25 MW)
CCGTs (2,043 MW)
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Viesgo Distribution - Overview
Fourth largest distribution network in Spain, with established track record and continued focus on efficiency and innovation
Distribution Area Network Map (High and Medium Voltage )
– Distributed Energy: 5.8 TWh of electricity with a peak demand of 0.9 GW
– 31,000 km of lines (of which 17% are High and Medium voltage cables) and 120 substations
– 688,676 customers..
– 99% of the customers have a smart meter installed.
Key Figures
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Agenda
1. Overview of Viesgo
2. Distributed Generation in Spain
3. Presentation of ABB & Viesgo’s deep-dive study on Grid Losses
4. Regulatory approach to Grid Losses Calculation
5. Next Challenges
Source: REE
% Renewable / Demand – Spanish Energy System
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Installed Wind Power – Spanish Energy System
05
1015202530354045
GW
Source: CNMC
Distributed Generation scenario in Spain
…where the penetration of Distributed Wind Farms is remarkable for Viesgo
0%5%
10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%
%
Viesgo - Installed Distributed Generation (1998-2015)
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Other RES
Wind
Agenda
1. Overview of Viesgo
2. Distributed Generation in Spain
3. Presentation of ABB & Viesgo’s deep-dive study on Grid Losses
4. Regulatory approach to Grid Losses Calculation
5. Next Challenges
The real situation of a DISCO leader in renewables integration with…
Rationale for a study about grid losses (I)
Demand far from generation sites.
Galicia Subsystem 1:
Generation & No Consumption
Asturias Subsystem 2
Cantabria Subsystem 3:
Consumption & No Generation
Castilla y Leon Subsystem 4
Asymmetric Demand Characterization: 40% in HV/MV (distribution) & 60% flow to Transmission grid (Distribution grid as a TSO-like grid)
Generation & Load level by regional area
Generation Generation Generation Generation Load Load Load Load
GALICIA Total ASTURIAS Total CANTABRIA Total CASTILLA Y LEON Total
1
2
Viesgo Network Export / Import Balance
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
200,00
250,00
300,00
350,00
400,00
450,00
500,00
08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15
Saldo exportador DEMANDA DISTRIBUIDA Viesgo
RES Integration Ratio *
* Integration rate defined as: Renewable power connected to the grid / consume in the hourly peak
3. It was necessary to analyze losses behavior to test our experience in order to show that losses depend on the level of renewables integration (Viesgo integration rate: 2,5 vs 1 Spanish DISCOS)
Impact on Grid Operation and Assets Lifetime !!
Rationale for a study about grid losses (II)
3
1. Voltage levels considered in the analysis: 132 kV, 55 kV, 30/20 kV & <20 kV
Case Study Inputs (I)
132/55kV power lines (km) 2.046
30/20 MV power lines (km) 9.779
Interconnections with HV (nº) 6
Generation connected (MW) 2.500
Installed Power (MW) 2307
2. 26 Cross Borders considered. XB losses allocated to Viesgo. No MV/LV considered
132 kV power lines (nº) 8 55 kV power lines (nº) 1 220/132 kv transformer point 3 400/132 kv transformer point 6 220/30 kv transformer point 1 220/55 kv transformer point 6
Generation by case (MW)
Distribution by case
Cogeneration
Mix Power Cases
MW
gen
erat
ed
Hydraulic Power
Wind Power
3. 16 Power mix generation cases: standard operational states in Viesgo Grid …Although Wind generation is generally much higher that other sources
1
2
3
High Wind power, exporter
subsystem
WO Generation Importer
subsystem
Importer or Exporter
subsystem depending on Wind powerº
Importer or Exporter subsystem depending
on Wind power
4. Simulation of Viesgo system topology : 4 subsystems with different levels of generation & interconnected
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case 8 Case 9 Case 10 Case 11 Case 12 Case 13 Case 14 Case 15 Case 16
MW
gen
erat
ed
Total Generation by regional areas
Case Study Inputs (II) 4
Total Generation by regional areas
Case Study Inputs (III)
5. Power balance simulation: Status by mix power case Steady peak demand considered = 880 MW
Power balances
Export (+) / Import (-)
Total generation
Consumption
Mix Power Cases
5
Case Study Simulation Results (I)
% Losses regarding consumption Change vs. export level
% L
osse
s re
gard
ing
cons
umpt
ion
Export (MW)
Export (+) / Import (-)
Losses vs. export level
Case Study Simulation results (II)
Galicia subsystem: High Wind power, exporter subsystem :1.200 Wind MW
Asturias subsystem : Importer or Exporter subsystem depending on Wind power
450 wind MW
Castilla subsystem : Importer or Exporter subsystem depending on Wind power
Cantabria subsystem : WO Generation shingly importer subsystem
Losses distribution by Viesgo Subsystem Galicia: losses evolution by case
kW lo
sses
% lo
sses
vs.
con
sum
ptio
n
Asturias: losses evolution by case
kW lo
sses
% lo
sses
vs.
con
sum
ptio
n
Cantabria: losses evolution by case Castilla: losses evolution by case
kW lo
sses
kW lo
sses
% lo
sses
vs.
con
sum
ptio
n
% lo
sses
vs.
con
sum
ptio
n
Case1 Case2 Case3 Case4 Case5 Case6 Case7 Case8 Case9 Case10 Case11 Case12 Case13 Case14 Case15 Case16
Case1 Case2 Case3 Case4 Case5 Case6 Case7 Case8 Case9 Case10 Case11 Case12 Case13 Case14 Case15 Case16
Case1 Case2 Case3 Case4 Case5 Case6 Case7 Case8 Case9 Case10 Case11 Case12 Case13 Case14 Case15 Case16
Case1 Case2 Case3 Case4 Case5 Case6 Case7 Case8 Case9 Case10 Case11 Case12 Case13 Case14 Case15 Case16
Total generation (MW)
Losses vs. Generation
Loss
es (M
W)
Main Conclusions (I)
1. Increase on Distributed generation implies an increase on losses Peaks related to increases on wind Power generation & almost wo hydraulic generation. Slopes after peaks are affected mainly by the increase of hydraulic generation
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
Main Conclusions (II)
2. Wind power generation implies a distortion on grid losses (HV/MV) for a higher generation to consumption ratios
Generation
% Losses
% Losses regarding consumption Variation vs. exprt level
% L
osse
s re
gard
ing
cons
umpt
ion
Export (MW)
Export (+) / Import (-)
Gen
erat
ion
GW
h
2
Main Conclusions (III)
% Losses distribution by Viesgo regional areas Total Loses (absolute fig.)
% L
osse
s di
strib
utio
n by
Vie
sgo
regi
onal
are
as
Tota
l Los
es (k
W)
Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case 8 Case 9 Case 10 Case 11 Case12 Case 13 Case 14 Case 15 Case 16
Galicia
Asturias
Cantabria
Castilla
Total
3. 132 kV voltage level concentrates grid losses (wind Power connected to it)
4. Increase of Wind power indicates an increase on losses (e.g. Galicia subsystem) 5. Lower wind power combined with hydraulic indicates a progressive increase on losses
6. In general: Losses levels are similar without generation inflow to the grid
3
4
5
6
Agenda
1. Overview of Viesgo
2. Distributed Generation in Spain
3. Presentation of ABB & Viesgo’s deep-dive study on Grid Losses
4. Regulatory approach to Grid Losses Calculation
5. Next Challenges
Proposal to review Grid Losses calculation basics
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• Grid Losses increase as energy flows increase in the network (Customers demand, generation, XB between DSOs and TSOs)
• Grid Losses % should only consider Distribution losses in the energy distribution process to customers.
• Mid Term: NRAs should develop Grid Losses schemes that consider State Estimation in Distribution Grids to calculate optimal energy flows and compare to reality in order to avoid the effect of Renewable.
Conclusions / Proposals
Losses = ∑ Borders - ∑ Demand
% Losses = Losses / ∑ Losses Losses = ∑ Borders - ∑ Demand
% Losses = Losses / ( ∑ Borders + ∑ Borders (OUT)
ENERGY BALANCE EXAMPLE
GWh IN OUT NET DSO-TSO 115 400 -285 DSO-DSO 400 850 -450 GENERATION 500 0 500 WIND-DSO 2.255 2.255
TOTAL BORDERS 3.270 1.250 2.020
CUSTOMERS 1.850 -1.850
LOSSES 170
1. CURRENT METHODOLOGY
ENERGY NET (IN-OUT) 2.020 CUSTOMERS 1.850 Losses 170 % Losses 8,42%
Current Grid Losses Methodology 1
Methodology Proposal 2
2. PROPUESTA CALCULO % PÉRDIDAS
ENERGY IN 3.270 CUSTOMERS + ENERGY OUT 3.100 Pérdidas 170 % Pérdidas 5,20%
Agenda
1. Overview of Viesgo
2. Distributed Generation in Spain
3. Presentation of ABB & Viesgo’s deep-dive study on Grid Losses
4. Regulatory approach to Grid Losses Calculation
5. Next Challenges
ST-MT Scenario: The Distributed energy wave is here to stay
New Operational Changes. E.g. Dynamic Line Rating to improve Lines capacity
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%
Net
wor
k ut
iliza
tion
fact
or
LV Distributed Generation penetration (% customers)
Scenario I
Scenario II
-
20
40
60
80
-
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
MW
Cust
omer
s
Solar Wind CHP Total potencia generación
16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Distributed generation current operational scenario for Viesgo
Scenario III
Impact of Distributed Generation for DISCO Network
Viesgo / KPMG 2016 simulation. 25k supply points MV/LV network
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New operational challenges in a Distributed Generation
Meteo Stations
Temperature Sensors
Thank you!
For additional information, please contact:
Yago Ramos / Alejandra López [email protected] / [email protected]
The contents of this presentation are solely for the purposes of CEER WG on Grid Losses.
For any other use or if references to the contents are used, please contact Viesgo.
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