Analysis of Distributed Generation and Power Losses

Analysis of Distributed Generation and Power Losses

Viesgo Distribución CEER Workshop for the Benchmarking Report on Power Losses 6 October 2016

Agenda

1. Overview of Viesgo

2. Distributed Generation in Spain

3. Presentation of ABB & Viesgo’s deep-dive study on Grid Losses

4. Regulatory approach to Grid Losses Calculation

5. Next Challenges

SPAIN

Viesgo in figures

Wind (448 MW)

Thermal (913 MW)

Hydro (704 MW)

Mini Hydro (25 MW)

CCGTs (2,043 MW)

2

Viesgo Distribution - Overview

Fourth largest distribution network in Spain, with established track record and continued focus on efficiency and innovation

Distribution Area Network Map (High and Medium Voltage )

– Distributed Energy: 5.8 TWh of electricity with a peak demand of 0.9 GW

– 31,000 km of lines (of which 17% are High and Medium voltage cables) and 120 substations

– 688,676 customers..

– 99% of the customers have a smart meter installed.

Key Figures

3

Agenda





5. Next Challenges

Source: REE

% Renewable / Demand – Spanish Energy System

5

Installed Wind Power – Spanish Energy System

05

1015202530354045

GW

Source: CNMC

Distributed Generation scenario in Spain

…where the penetration of Distributed Wind Farms is remarkable for Viesgo

0%5%

10%15%20%25%30%35%40%45%

%

Viesgo - Installed Distributed Generation (1998-2015)

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Other RES

Wind

Agenda





5. Next Challenges

The real situation of a DISCO leader in renewables integration with…

Rationale for a study about grid losses (I)

Demand far from generation sites.

Galicia Subsystem 1:

Generation & No Consumption

Asturias Subsystem 2

Cantabria Subsystem 3:

Consumption & No Generation

Castilla y Leon Subsystem 4

Asymmetric Demand Characterization: 40% in HV/MV (distribution) & 60% flow to Transmission grid (Distribution grid as a TSO-like grid)

Generation & Load level by regional area

Generation Generation Generation Generation Load Load Load Load

GALICIA Total ASTURIAS Total CANTABRIA Total CASTILLA Y LEON Total

1

2

Viesgo Network Export / Import Balance

-200

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

200,00

250,00

300,00

350,00

400,00

450,00

500,00

08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15

Saldo exportador DEMANDA DISTRIBUIDA Viesgo

RES Integration Ratio *

* Integration rate defined as: Renewable power connected to the grid / consume in the hourly peak

3. It was necessary to analyze losses behavior to test our experience in order to show that losses depend on the level of renewables integration (Viesgo integration rate: 2,5 vs 1 Spanish DISCOS)

Impact on Grid Operation and Assets Lifetime !!

Rationale for a study about grid losses (II)

3

1. Voltage levels considered in the analysis: 132 kV, 55 kV, 30/20 kV & <20 kV

Case Study Inputs (I)

132/55kV power lines (km) 2.046

30/20 MV power lines (km) 9.779

Interconnections with HV (nº) 6

Generation connected (MW) 2.500

Installed Power (MW) 2307

2. 26 Cross Borders considered. XB losses allocated to Viesgo. No MV/LV considered

132 kV power lines (nº) 8 55 kV power lines (nº) 1 220/132 kv transformer point 3 400/132 kv transformer point 6 220/30 kv transformer point 1 220/55 kv transformer point 6

Generation by case (MW)

Distribution by case

Cogeneration

Mix Power Cases

MW

gen

erat

ed

Hydraulic Power

Wind Power

3. 16 Power mix generation cases: standard operational states in Viesgo Grid …Although Wind generation is generally much higher that other sources

1

2

3

High Wind power, exporter

subsystem

WO Generation Importer

subsystem

Importer or Exporter

subsystem depending on Wind powerº

Importer or Exporter subsystem depending

on Wind power

4. Simulation of Viesgo system topology : 4 subsystems with different levels of generation & interconnected

Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case 8 Case 9 Case 10 Case 11 Case 12 Case 13 Case 14 Case 15 Case 16

MW

gen

erat

ed

Total Generation by regional areas

Case Study Inputs (II) 4

Total Generation by regional areas

Case Study Inputs (III)

5. Power balance simulation: Status by mix power case Steady peak demand considered = 880 MW

Power balances

Export (+) / Import (-)

Total generation

Consumption

Mix Power Cases

5

Case Study Simulation Results (I)

% Losses regarding consumption Change vs. export level

% L

osse

s re

gard

ing

cons

umpt

ion

Export (MW)


Losses vs. export level

Case Study Simulation results (II)

Galicia subsystem: High Wind power, exporter subsystem :1.200 Wind MW

Asturias subsystem : Importer or Exporter subsystem depending on Wind power

450 wind MW

Castilla subsystem : Importer or Exporter subsystem depending on Wind power

Cantabria subsystem : WO Generation shingly importer subsystem

Losses distribution by Viesgo Subsystem Galicia: losses evolution by case

kW lo

sses

% lo

sses

vs.

con

sum

ptio

n

Asturias: losses evolution by case

kW lo

sses

% lo

sses

vs.

con

sum

ptio

n

Cantabria: losses evolution by case Castilla: losses evolution by case

kW lo

sses

kW lo

sses

% lo

sses

vs.

con

sum

ptio

n

% lo

sses

vs.

con

sum

ptio

n

Case1 Case2 Case3 Case4 Case5 Case6 Case7 Case8 Case9 Case10 Case11 Case12 Case13 Case14 Case15 Case16




Total generation (MW)

Losses vs. Generation

Loss

es (M

W)

Main Conclusions (I)

1. Increase on Distributed generation implies an increase on losses Peaks related to increases on wind Power generation & almost wo hydraulic generation. Slopes after peaks are affected mainly by the increase of hydraulic generation

1

1

1

2

2

2

1

2

1

Main Conclusions (II)

2. Wind power generation implies a distortion on grid losses (HV/MV) for a higher generation to consumption ratios

Generation

% Losses

% Losses regarding consumption Variation vs. exprt level

% L

osse

s re

gard

ing

cons

umpt

ion

Export (MW)


Gen

erat

ion

GW

h

2

Main Conclusions (III)

% Losses distribution by Viesgo regional areas Total Loses (absolute fig.)

% L

osse

s di

strib

utio

n by

Vie

sgo

regi

onal

are

as

Tota

l Los

es (k

W)

Case 1 Case 2 Case 3 Case 4 Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case 8 Case 9 Case 10 Case 11 Case12 Case 13 Case 14 Case 15 Case 16

Galicia

Asturias

Cantabria

Castilla

Total

3. 132 kV voltage level concentrates grid losses (wind Power connected to it)

4. Increase of Wind power indicates an increase on losses (e.g. Galicia subsystem) 5. Lower wind power combined with hydraulic indicates a progressive increase on losses

6. In general: Losses levels are similar without generation inflow to the grid

3

4

5

6

Agenda





5. Next Challenges

Proposal to review Grid Losses calculation basics

18

• Grid Losses increase as energy flows increase in the network (Customers demand, generation, XB between DSOs and TSOs)

• Grid Losses % should only consider Distribution losses in the energy distribution process to customers.

• Mid Term: NRAs should develop Grid Losses schemes that consider State Estimation in Distribution Grids to calculate optimal energy flows and compare to reality in order to avoid the effect of Renewable.

Conclusions / Proposals

Losses = ∑ Borders - ∑ Demand

% Losses = Losses / ∑ Losses Losses = ∑ Borders - ∑ Demand

% Losses = Losses / ( ∑ Borders + ∑ Borders (OUT)

ENERGY BALANCE EXAMPLE

GWh IN OUT NET DSO-TSO 115 400 -285 DSO-DSO 400 850 -450 GENERATION 500 0 500 WIND-DSO 2.255 2.255

TOTAL BORDERS 3.270 1.250 2.020

CUSTOMERS 1.850 -1.850

LOSSES 170

1. CURRENT METHODOLOGY

ENERGY NET (IN-OUT) 2.020 CUSTOMERS 1.850 Losses 170 % Losses 8,42%

Current Grid Losses Methodology 1

Methodology Proposal 2

2. PROPUESTA CALCULO % PÉRDIDAS

ENERGY IN 3.270 CUSTOMERS + ENERGY OUT 3.100 Pérdidas 170 % Pérdidas 5,20%

Agenda





5. Next Challenges

ST-MT Scenario: The Distributed energy wave is here to stay

New Operational Changes. E.g. Dynamic Line Rating to improve Lines capacity

0

0,5

1

1,5

2

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

Net

wor

k ut

iliza

tion

fact

or

LV Distributed Generation penetration (% customers)

Scenario I

Scenario II

-

20

40

60

80

-

1.000

2.000

3.000

4.000

5.000

11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

MW

Cust

omer

s

Solar Wind CHP Total potencia generación

16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

Distributed generation current operational scenario for Viesgo

Scenario III

Impact of Distributed Generation for DISCO Network

Viesgo / KPMG 2016 simulation. 25k supply points MV/LV network

20

New operational challenges in a Distributed Generation

Meteo Stations

Temperature Sensors

Thank you!

For additional information, please contact:

Yago Ramos / Alejandra López [email protected] / [email protected]

The contents of this presentation are solely for the purposes of CEER WG on Grid Losses.

For any other use or if references to the contents are used, please contact Viesgo.

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Documents

Analysis of Distributed Generation and Power Losses