Glenn H. Fredrickson Mitsubishi Chemical Professor, Director MC-CAM
Departments of Chemical Engineering and Materials
UCSB’s Materials Miracle: A Blueprint for Success
2010 NRC Rankings: Materials Science & Engineering
On September 28, 2010, The National Research Council (NRC) published its long-awaited report evaluating over 5,000 doctoral programs in 62 fields at 212 universities The 2010 rankings specified 5 percentile and 95 percentile confidence intervals using a number of criteria. The most important of these are the so-called S (survey) and R (regression) rankings Only three other programs in the country share UCSB Materials "1111" ranking: Economics at Harvard, Statistics at Stanford, and Performing Arts at NYU
UCSB College of Engineering: • Founded 1961 – 50 yrs old
UCSB Materials Department • Founded 1986 – 25 yrs old
Young but Distinguished
How did UCSB get to #1 in less than 25 years?
Engineering, top 10 by S
In fact, all five College of Engineering (COE) graduate programs in UCSB are "top 10" (when the S ranking is used) We will see that UCSB’s broader success is intimately linked to the success in Materials!
Beginnings (1980-1990) Prerequisites
Visionaries
Multi-discipline
Maturation (1990-2000) Shared facilities
Centers
Education and outreach
Recognition (2000-2010)
Closing Remarks
Outline
Beginnings (1980-1990)
Robert Mehrabian Dean, COE 1983-1990
By 1980, select areas of UCSB physical science and engineering had
established a national reputation for excellence:
Physics Dept – led by an ambitious and talented faculty hired in the 1960s
Institute for Theoretical Physics (est. 1979, now KITP) – used to attract
Nobel Laureate R. Schrieffer, F. Wilczek and others
Institute for Polymers and Organic Solids (est. 1982, IPOS, now CPOS) –
used to attract A. Heeger, F. Wudl in semiconducting polymers
Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE) – strategic focus on non-silicon
solid state science starting in 1976
Prerequisites: build from strength
Around 1980, informal discussions surrounding a materials program were already taking place among R. Odette, G. Lucas, J. Merz, H. Kroemer, A. Heeger, J. Langer and others
The effort was catalyzed by the arrival in 1983 of Robert Mehrabian as Dean of the College of Engineering
He was promised 15 FTE
By the time Mehrabian left UCSB in 1990, he had made 69 hires!
The Visionary
Robert Mehrabian
1968-75 – Asst./Assoc. Prof., Materials Science Dept., MIT
1975-79 – Prof., Materials Science Dept., U. Illinois
1979-83 – Director, Center for Mat. Sci., NBS
1983-90 – Dean, COE, UCSB
1990-97 – President, Carnegie Mellon University
1999-11 – President, CEO, Chairman, Teledyne Technologies Inc.
1. Initially, build on the strength in ECE in III-V semiconductors and opto-
electronics, and develop new initiatives in structural (metallic and ceramic)
and macromolecular materials
2. Forge alliances with key administrators and Academic Senate leaders
3. Partner with industry, DOD, and DOE to satisfy startup equipment needs
4. Recruit a leader for the new materials program
5. Nucleate new areas with cluster hires of world-class mid-career faculty,
many from industry. Reinforce with junior appointments
6. New faculty are appointed jointly in new Materials Dept and an existing
Department
Mehrabian’s Strategy
Mehrabian, H. Kroemer, J. Merz, and others forged a strategy around III-V semiconductors, heterojunctions, and optoelectronics
Key hires included Larry Coldren (1984, Bell Labs, optoelect.)
Evelyn Hu (1984, Bell Labs, micro/nanofabrication)
Pierre Petroff (1986, Bell Labs, quantum structures)
Art Gossard (1987, Bell Labs, MBE growth)
Electronic Materials: Building on Strength in ECE
Arthur Gossard • NAS, NAE
• Co-discoverer, quantum confined Stark
effect
• Co-discoverer fractional Hall effect
• 3-time Winner of the AAAS Newcomb
Cleveland Prize
• 1078 papers, 43 citations/paper
• H-index: 106
Strategic Alliances
Robert A. Huttenback
Chancellor 1977-1986 Robert Mehrabian
Dean, COE 1983-1990
Ray Sawyer (Physics)
Executive Vice Chancellor
~1982-1986
Academic Senate Chair
R. Sawyer (Physics) 1980-81
K. Millett (Math) 1982-83
B. Kirtman (Chem) 1984-85
D. Mellichamp (ChemE) 1990-92
AS Committee on Educational
Policy and Academic Planning
(CEPAP)
R. Odette (ME) 1985-1986
G. Taborski (Bio) 1987
R. Watts (Chem) 1988-1989
I was feeding at the same plate as everyone else, I was just hungrier!
Robert Mehrabian, February 2011
In the early 1980s, Mehrabian served on a DARPA advisory
committee with Tony Evans of Berkeley/LBL
After more than a year of courting, assisted by J. Langer, R.
Schreiffer, A. Heeger and others, Tony decided to come to UCSB
to head the new materials program
Tony led the creation of a Materials Department and wrote many
successful proposals to the DOD (URI, DARPA, ONR), DOE and
NSF
The Leader
Anthony G. Evans
•NAS, NAE, FRS
•ISI Highly cited author in Materials Science, Engineering & Physics
•Prior to UCSB, work experience at NBS, Rockwell, UC Berkeley
•Former Chair, Defense Sciences Research Council
•Founding Chair, Materials Dept, UCSB 1985-1994
•799 papers, 47 citations/paper
•H-index: 97
By the time of the 1986 Materials Dept proposal, the basic structure was in place
Evans and Mehrabian used mid-career cluster hires to seed the structural and polymers areas
Many of these hires had experience at premier corporate research labs: Bell Labs
IBM
Exxon Corp. Research
DuPont Experimental Station
Rockwell Research Center
Foundations of a Program
A. G. Evans, A Proposal for a Department of
Materials at UCSB, Feb 1986, pg. 64
UCSB has probably the highest concentration of former Bell Labs
employees as current or former faculty:
“Bell Labs West”
Fred Wudl
John Bowers
Art Gossard
Pierre Petroff
Joe Zasadzinski
Dale Pearson
Glenn Fredrickson
Larry Coldren
Kwang-Ting Cheng
Evelyn Hu
Jim Allen
Mark Rodwell
John Shynk
Sanjit Mitra
Tom Soh
Haitao Zheng
Lawrence Rabiner
…
Bell Labs, 600 Mountain Ave., Murray Hill, NJ, 07974
COE alone:
New faculty were given joint appointments between the Materials Dept. and existing Depts. in COE and MLPS: Inter-disciplinary research is the norm
Good for you is good for me
Ideal platform for training students
Breaking Down Departmental Barriers
UCSB Materials today
Existing Departments in COE and MLPS derived a significant benefit from
the infusion of world-class faculty jointly appointed with Materials
Case in point: Chemical Engineering
Strengthening Other Departments
Materials Related Chemical (& Nuclear) Engineering Appointments (1970-2000)
Bob Odette (1970, structure materials/nuclear)
Gene Lucas (1978, structural materials/nuclear)
Phillip Pincus (1985, complex fluids theory, Exxon)
Fred Lange (1986, ceramic processing, Rockwell)
Joe Zasadzinski (1986, complex fluids microscopy, Bell Labs)
Jacob Israelachvili (1986, colloids & surfaces, ANU)
Paul Smith (1987, polymer processing, DSM & DuPont)
Dale Pearson (1987, polymer rheology, Exxon & Bell Labs)
Gary Leal (1989, fluids and polymers, Caltech)
Henry Weinberg (1989, surf. sci. & electronic matls., Caltech)
Glenn Fredrickson (1990, polymer theory, Bell Labs)
Brad Chmelka (1990, inorganic materials, UC Berkeley, Unocal)
Eray Aydil (1993, electronic materials processing, U. Minnesota)
Dmitri Maroudas (1994, computational materials, MIT)
David Pine (1995, soft condensed matter, Exxon)
Edward Kramer (1997, experimental polymer physics, Cornell)
Matthew Tirrell (1999, biopolymer interfaces, U. Minnesota)
1982 NRC Study – UCSB ChE not rated
1995 NRC Study – UCSB ChE #14
2011 NRC Study – UCSB ChE #2
Maturation (1990-2000)
Venky Narayanamurti Dean, COE 1992-1998
CNSI Building ~10,000 ft2
Microscopy and Microanalysis
X-Ray
Spectroscopy
EII MBE
Materials Processing
MOCVD
Mechanical Testing
ESB ~10,000 ft2
Nanofab
MRL Polymer Characterization
X-Ray
Chemistry
Shared Facilities
Starting with Mehrabian and Evans, and fully developed in the 1990s, UCSB pioneered the development of open-access user facilities for materials characterization Today, nearly all new pieces of major equipment are placed in such facilities Benefits include: • Broad range of instrumentation • Shared/leveraged costs • Professional staff to train users and maintain equipment • Facilitate collaborations across UCSB, with other
universities and industry
Facility Faculty Supervisor Development Engineer TEMPO: Ram Seshadri Joe Doyle (formerly Chemistry)
Computation: Frank Brown Paul Weakliem, Jeffrey J. Barteet (joint with CNSI) Glenn Fredrickson Linda Hall Microscopy James Speck Dr. Jan Lofvander and Microanalysis: (Committee Chair) Dr. Tom Mates Dr. Stefan Kraemer Mark Cornish Spectroscopy Song-I Han Dr. Jerry Hu
Nicole Holstrom Polymer Characterization: Craig Hawker Dr. K. Brzezinska X-Ray Diffraction: Cyrus Safinya Dr. Youli Li
Morito Divinagracia
MRL Administered Facilities
Facility # of Users Research
Groups
Recharged
Hours (2009)
TEMPO 159 41 10,085
Computation 40 6 -
Microscopy >289 53 12268
Polymer 187 34 3592
Spectroscopy 161 39 18542
X-Ray 348 54 9076
User Departments (>12):
ECE, Chem. Engr., Materials, Mech. Engr., Biology, Chemistry,
Geology, Marine Sci., Physics, CNSI, Environmental Sci., …
MRL Facilities Use 2009
These facilities enable a spectacular range of materials science across UCSB
MRL Facilities – External Users – 2008
Start-ups and Small Companies
Advantageous Systems
Aerius Photonics
Allergan
Amberwave
Amgen
Asylum
Automate
Beckman Coulter
BioRad Labs
Camet Labs
C Brite
Catalytic Solutions
CREE
Dupont Displays
FLIR-Indigo Systems
Freedom Photonics
General Motors
GRT, Inc
Honeywell
Inlustra
Innovative Micro Tech (IMT)
Integrated Optoelectronics (Norway)
International Radiation Detectors
Universities
Auburn
Cal State - CI
CalTech
Cornell
Florida International
Harvard
Kansas State
Oakland University, Rochester, MI
Stanford University
UC Irvine
UCLA
UC Riverside
UC San Diego
UC Santa Cruz
University of Michigan
University of Wisconsin
University of Southern California
Kaai
Lawrence Berkeley Labs
L3-Infrared
Launchpoint Tech.
Lockheed-Martin
(SB Focal Plane)
MC-RIC
Nusil
Raytheon
Sirigen
SixPoint Materials
Skyworks Inc
Smiths Detection
Soraa
Teledyne
Thin Silicon
Toyota (USA)
TransphormUSA
Veeco
ZPower
External Users of MRL Facilities
Materials Research Laboratory (MRL) NSF-funded Materials Research Science & Engineering Center (MRSEC)
Mitsubishi Chemical Center for Advanced Materials (MC-CAM) Solid State Lighting and Energy Center (SSLEC) California Nanosystems Institute (CNSI) International Center for Materials Research (ICMR) Center for Multifunctional Materials and Structures Center for Energy Efficient Materials (CEEM) … and many more
Multidisciplinary Research Centers
The inter/multi-disciplinary structure of UCSB’s materials enterprise, coupled with outstanding leadership, spawned a broad range of centers in the decades following 1990
Materials Research Laboratory Director – Craig J. Hawker
Associate Director – Ram Seshadri
A National Science Foundation Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC)
MRL Building Opening, March 1997
MRL: A Hub of Materials Excellence
IRG-1
IRG-4
IRG-5
IRG-2
IRG-3
MRL
Characterization
Education Facilities
Synthesis
Seeds
Highest Quality
Research
Infrastructure
and Community
History of the MRL
• Created in 1992 from a proposal led by Tony Evans. Tony Cheetham assumed the Directorship – 3 IRGs, $2.1M/yr from NSF
• Renewed in 1996 – 4 IRGs, $3.0M/yr from NSF
• Moved into dedicated 14,000ft2 MRL building 1996
• Renewed in 2000 – 4 IRGs, $3.3M/yr from NSF
• Renewed in 2005, Craig Hawker becomes Director – 4 IRGs, $3.4M/yr from NSF
• Building expansion of 7,000ft2 completed by leveraging MC-CAM IC recovery
H+
GRAND CHALLENGE
"To Understand the Structure – Property Relationship
between Synthetic, Biomimetic or Biological Building
Blocks and Complex Functional Materials formed via
Dynamic and Reversible Interactions”
Functional materials via reversible interactions
MRL Achievements from 10/2005-02/2009
Science Output – High Impact, Visibility and Influence
Publications
* 426 publications
* 102 Full + 133 Partial Support
* 191 Facilities Usage
* over 150 have 2 or more MRSEC PI’s
* 58 articles in Science, Nature,
Phys. Rev. Lett., and J. Am. Chem. Soc.
* 2nd Most-Cited U.S. Institution (after MIT)
in Materials Science, 1996-2006
Education Outreach Programs at the MRL
Fiona Goodchild received the 2002 Presidential Award for
excellence in Science, Mathematics & Engineering Mentoring
* 174 undergraduate students
* 103 Ph.D. students
* 83 post-doctoral scholars
* 23 RET teachers (160 other teachers)
* Over 100 visitors
MRL Workshop Series
MRL Summer Symposium
MRL Travel Fellowships (20-25 per year)
Joint MRL/Materials Colloquium Series
WIRED Magazine: RISE program as one of
"10 stellar research internships" for undergrads http://blog.wired.com/wiredscience/2009/02/researchexperie.html
Dr. Dotty Pak, Education Director
Technology Outreach Program Annual Materials Research Outreach Program (MROP)
We have just held the 11th meeting in this series
Fellowships sponsored by Industry/Foundations
CSP Technologies, Air Products, Dow Chemical, others
Complex Fluids Design Consortium
An academic-industrial-national lab partnership
DOW-UCSB Competition for Young Entrepreneurs
Business planning and venture program
MRL Enables Other Programs
MRL Building - 100% financed by indirect cost recovery
- Incubator for new programs
- Staff leveraged across multiple programs
Partnerships Leverage
Glenn Fredrickson, Director MC-CAM
The Mitsubishi Chemical – UCSB Alliance: A Model Research Partnership in
Advanced Materials
O O
n m
56.3%
100%
100%
100%
MCHC Group Organization
Mitsubishi Chemical Holdings
(MCHC)
Mitsubishi Chemical (MCC)
Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma (MTPC)
Mitsubishi Plastics(MPI)
Mitsubishi Rayon(MRC)
Net Sales ¥3.2 trillion
4th Largest Chemical Company in the World
Recording
Medium Electronics
Information Related Products
Inorganic Chemicals
Food Ingredients
Battery Materials
Fine Chemicals
Plastic Molding
Products
Composite
Products
Fundamental
Chemicals
Chemicals Carbon Products
Plastics
Pharmaceutical
Ingredients
and intermediate
Clinical
Testing
Diagnostics
Products
Medicine
Health Care
Chemicals
Performance Products
Electronics Applications
Designed Materials
Chemicals、Polymers
Health Care
MCHC Business Areas
Synthetic Fiber
Raw Materials
A Unique Research Partnership
Mitsubishi Chemical – Center for Advanced Materials (MC-CAM), an international center of excellence in functional materials MCC taps into the broad
interdisciplinary materials expertise at UCSB
UCSB researchers participate in creating new materials for applications in energy, displays, lighting, …
MC-CAM commenced in 2001 2nd generation 2006-2010 3rd generation 2010-2014
Why Did MCC Choose UCSB?
A diverse set of faculty in materials research (~60 PIs) with a superb record in interdisciplinary research and many with industrial experience
An administration and technology/industry alliances office that was supportive in crafting an agreement that was win-win for MCC and UCSB:
Flexible IP terms
Indirect cost of grant returned to build space for MC-CAM
Shared equipment and staff with MRL
These motivations are even more evident today!
MC-CAM Administrative Structure
Larry Coldren, Acting
Dean of Engineering
MC-CAM
Governing Board
6 members
MC-CAM
Steering Committee
10 members
Glenn Fredrickson
Director
Tomohisa Nakamura
Associate Director
Craig Hawker
Director of Materials
Research Lab
MRL
MC-CAM
Research programs MRL
Research Programs MC-CAM
Leverage staff,
space, equipment
with MRL
Character of Research Projects
Project co-leaders from UCSB and MCC MCC research partners are very
involved! 2 employees of Mitsubishi
Chemical America on campus
Researchers from at least 2 disciplines
Scientific novelty Clear connection with a potential
product Involve the design of new
functional materials, devices, or fabrication technologies
MC-CAM Project Statistics: 2001-2005
Breakdown of Researchers & Faculty in MC-CAM
Project Areas
Dept Res. Faculty
Chemistry 33 7
Chem. Engr.
13 6
Materials 16 7
Physics 9 2
Area No.
Polymers & hybrids 7
Nanocomposites 2
Organic electronics & Phosphors
13
Fullerenes 3
Battery & fuel cells 7
MC-CAM Research:
World-class science and engineering
• Organic white PLED fabricated by wet coating – Worlds best luminescent intensity
• Fuel Cell proton exchange membrane – Meeting DOE target
• III-V nano particle – Highest quantum efficiency
• Organic two photon absorption dye – Highest TPA cross section
• Functional polyolefins – First all polypropylene thermoplastic elastomer
• Phosphors – New important families of R,G,B,Y – White LED independent of Nichia patents
• Fullerene Derivatives – Enhanced solubility and functionality to add value
• LED encapsulants – Thermal & uv stability, adhesion, and
transparency
cathode
ETL
EML
HIL
glass
ITO
HTL
O O
n m
MC-CAM Publications & Presentations
98 publications to date in prestigious journals including Advanced Materials Proc. NAS Advanced Functional Mater. J. Appl. Phys. Nanoletters J. Am. Chem. Soc. Chem. Mater. Synth. Metals Langmuir Macromolecules Angew. Chemie Phys. Rev. Lett. …
86 presentations & posters to date
IRP-1: Bazan, Shimizu
Patent Activity
67 patent disclosures to UCSB to date 19 joint UCSB/(MCC or MC-RIC) applications 21 US Patents issued/2 pending 64 options elected 12 licenses under discussion 5 patents dropped by MCC, licensed to others (~$45K
returned in patent costs)
67 patents/98 papers is a very large ratio for a university research program!
Research Efficiency in Innovation
Research Institution Average1 $3.2M expended per invention disclosure UCSB 2009: $1.8M Caltech 2009: $0.9M MIT 2009: $2.7M
Tech Company Rule of Thumb2 $500K expended per invention disclosure
MC-CAM 2008: $231K expended per invention disclosure 2009: $273K Since program inception: $260K/disclosure
1. Average from 2009 AUTM licensing survey 2. The Economist, October 22, 2005
MC-CAM is more productive than all comparison groups!
Ongoing Challenges
Maintaining clear channels of communication
Managing expectations of UCSB faculty and MCC scientists and management
Project timescales
Involvement of MCC in research
Basic versus applied
Keeping UCSB faculty and researchers focused on IP considerations and release procedures
Balancing UCSB’s research and educational missions
Recognition (2000-2010)
Matt Tirrell Dean, COE 1999-2009
UCSB Materials Department: Honors and Recognition
Notable faculty distinctions
2 Nobel Laureates
1 Millennium Prize Winner
3 Members of the National Academy of Sciences
8 Members of the National Academy of Engineering
2 Fellows of the Royal Society
2 Members American Academy of Arts and Sciences
9 ISI Highly Cited Researchers
Independent rankings
NRC US Departmental Rankings (2010): #1
Times Higher Education Worldwide (1999-2009): #3
Essential Indicators: #2 citations/paper (1996-2006)
Chronicle of Higher Education #1 (2006); #4 (2007)
US News & World Report: #4 in US (2009)
46 UC Santa Barbara: World-Renowned Science in a Beautiful Setting
Alan Heeger
Nobel Laureate
Chemistry 2000
Herb Kroemer
Nobel Laureate
Physics 2000
Shuji Nakamura
Millennium
Technology Prize
2006
Triblock Copolymer Syntheses of Mesoporous Silica with Periodic 50 to 300 Å Pores
Zhao DY, Feng JL, Huo QS, Melosh N, Fredrickson GH, Chmelka BF, Stucky GD Science 279, 548-552 (1998)
Cited 4027 times
Open-framework inorganic materials Cheetham AK, Férey G, Loiseau T Angew. Chem., Intl Ed. 38, 3268/9-3292 (1999)
Cited 1577 times
Polymer photovoltaic cells-enhanced efficiencies via a
network of internal donor-acceptor heterojunctions
Yu G, Gao J, Hummelen JC, Wudl F, Heeger AJ
Science 270, 1789-1791 (1995)
Cited 2718 times
High Impact Publications – MRL
Former MRL Researchers
Prof. Barbara Albert, 1995-1996 (Univ. Hamburg)
Prof. Angie Belcher, 1992-1999 (MIT)
Prof. Branton Campbell, 1995-1999 (Brigham Young)
Prof. Effie Kokkoli, 1999-2001 (Minnesota)
Prof. Tonya Kuhl, 1992-2000 (UC Davis)
Dr. Gerhard Theurich, NASA Center for Comp. Sciences
Prof. Michael McGehee, 1994-1999 (Stanford)
Prof. Russell Morris, 1992-1995 (St. Andrew’s Univ.)
Prof. Ferdi Schüth, 1995-1998, Director, MPI für
Kohlenforschung
Prof. Andrea Liu, 1993-1996 (U. Penn)
Prof. Peidong Yang, 1997-1999 (UC Berkeley)
Prof. Venkat Ganesan, 1999-2001 (U. Texas)
Angela Belcher
MRL graduate student,
now Professor at MIT and
internationally prominent
research leader.
Our greatest product is people
Funding Growth
The remarkable growth in the UCSB materials enterprise after 1980
is paralleled in COE research funding
1980 – COE received 5% of campus funding
1990 through 2010 – COE received ~35% of campus funding
0
50000000
100000000
150000000
200000000
250000000
1980 1990 2000 2010
Campus
COE
$
Nucleation of new areas by cluster hires of world-class senior faculty
Building strength by hiring “once in an advisor’s career” junior faculty, irrespective of area
Institutional endorsement of the highest hiring standards – allowing searches to be extended until the ideal candidate is found
Closing Remarks
To rise to the top, one must hire better than all competitors
Great faculty attract great students who do great things
UCSB’s remarkable success in materials also relied on:
Robert Mehrabian, Herb Kroemer
Peter Allen, Chris Lavino, Meredith Murr, Sandy Morris, Lisa Oshins
Jim Speck, Gui Bazan, Craig Hawker, Mike Witherell, Carlos Levi, Matt Tirrell, Larry Coldren, Bob Odette, Ray Sawyer
Acknowledgements
Nancy Diamond, New Models of Excellence: Rising
Research Universities in the Postwar Era, 1945-1990, PhD
Thesis, Department of Philosophy, UCSB, 2000