5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 Phone: (602) 421-4416; Email: [email protected]
Green Energy Data Centers and
Storage in the Coming Age of Vast
Cloud Computing Behavior is a mirror in which everyone shows their own image
Powering a Clean Tomorrow™
5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]
Dr. Suchindran “Chat” Chatterjee’s Short Bio
• Currently: President and CEO, Kender Energy, Inc.
• Advisor, Cool Energy, Inc., Boulder, CO • Nominated member of the Delta Airlines
Customer Advisory Board • Founder and Chairman of Synergy and 21st
Century Solutions • Vice-President and CIO at The Mutual of
Omaha Insurance Companies and The Bank of Montreal/Harris Bank
• Director of I/S at The Nationwide Insurance Group of Companies
• Chief of Software & Oper Systems at Digital Equipment Corporation
• Chief Aerospace Testing Engineer, Sverdrup Aerospace, Arnold Air Force Base, Tennessee [Tested almost all ratings of Military and Civilian Aircraft, & the Space Shuttle]
• Current Adjunct Professor: Engineering, Computer Science, English, and Management & Member of Dean’s & Technology Councils, AZ State Univ
• B.S. - Aeronautical Engineering & Technical Writing
• M.A. - Technical Communication & Linguistics
• M.S. - English and Higher Education Administration
• Ph.D. - Computer Sciences [Vanderbilt University]
• M.B.A. - Information Systems Management & Finance [Digital Executive Management Prog/HBS]
• MCSE, CPCU, CLU, PE (Lic Prof Engr) • Renowned in Computational Fluid
Dynamics and Operating Systems • Honored as Technology Executive
& CIO of the Year 2003 by Computerworld Magazine
• Nominated for I/T Security Executive for North America for 2008 by Computer Security Institute
THE CONSTANTS
5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]
• Moore’s Law is totally out of control (a good thing)
– 3 years in tech time is now relates to a decade in real time!!
– The iPad was first released 19 months ago!!
• PRIVATE AND PUBLIC CLOUD COMPUTING ARE HERE TO STAY
• Storage cost and footprint will exponentially get cheaper and smaller
• The population of the world will reach ~10 Billion by 2050
• The world will get more and more digitally interconnected
• The number of devices that need instant access to data will explode; the workforce and offices will become more virtual
• Cost of legacy power generation & T&D will get much more expensive and indefensible to maintain status quo
• We will run out of fossil fuels (coal, petroleum, natural gas, etc.)
• The ozone layer is in trouble and we must reduce our carbon footprint within the decade
• Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, et al are already very power hungry and fully developed
5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]
THE VARIABLES • How soon will the developing world become more the
fully developed world (India, China, Brazil, et al)? • What legislative and political climates will rule around
the world? • What are the pain points in power costs to truly wake up
the human race? • How do we convince corporate boards/execs to be more
strategic in their data and energy planning? • What are the security, application, and architecture
challenges in this cloud world? • How do we quantify data center and network
responsiveness, agility, and readiness to support all cloud computing with true strategic planning mindsets?
• What is each CIO’s cloud readiness & how to measure it? • How can power be globally distributed for JIT usage?
THE BIGGEST TRANSITION
IN THE HISTORY OF
MANKIND 5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]
Colo Managed
“Breaking the Dam(n!)”
• Colocation – 1st step to outsourcing
• Managed Hosting – dedicated servers managed by 3rd party take some pain away
• Cloud Hosting – Lower cost, easier, lower risk, more reliable
5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]
trenDing away from the “Pain”
Source: Google Insight for Search
5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]
Traditional Hosting Costs Continue to Grow
• High CapEx (30% H/W obsolescence) • Low facility asset utilization (55%) • High Depreciation (42-50%) • Power/Cooling costs > Server Costs • Not “Green” [Source: Forbes.com, Kenneth Brill, “Servers: Why Thrifty Isn’t Nifty”]
Source: Forbes.com, “Servers: Why Thrifty Isn’t Nifty”
MULTIPLE DEFINITIONS Understanding how others view “Cloud Computing”
5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]
Forrester Research “A pool of abstracted, highly scalable, and
managed compute infrastructure capable of hosting end-customer applications and billed by consumption1”
“Is Cloud Computing Ready for The Enterprise?” Forrester Research, Inc.
Forrester Research (cont’D)
• Different than SaaS
– Prescripted & Abstracted Infrastructure
– Fully Virtualized
– Dynamic Infrastructure Software
– Pay by Consumption
– Free of Long-Term Contracts
– Application and OS Independent
– Free of Software or Hardware Installation
“Cloud computing has all the earmarks of being a potential disruptive innovation that all infrastructure and operations professionals should heed.”
5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]
Other Definitions “Cloud computing is an emerging approach to
shared infrastructure in which large pools of systems are linked together to provide IT services.” – IBM press release on “Blue Cloud”
“…a hosted infrastructure model that delivers abstracted IT resources over the Internet” – Thomas Weisel Partners LLC from “Into the Clouds: Leveraging Data Centers and the Road to Cloud Computing”
“Cloud computing describes a systems architecture. Period. This particular architecture assumes nothing about the physical location, internal composition or ownership of its component parts.” – James Urquhart blog post
5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]
REDEFINING THE
DEFINITION Our view of “Cloud Computing”
5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]
Defining the Segments
• SaaS
–Software as a Service
–Storage as a Service
• PaaS – Platform as a Service
• IaaS – Infrastructure as a Service
5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]
Colo vs. Managed vs. Cloud Hosting
Colocation Managed Cloud
Time Weeks to Months Days to Weeks Minutes
Scalability Slowest, Rigid & Costly Slower, somewhat flexible, Costly
Instant, Flexible, Pay-per-usage
Cost High CapEx Costly, sometimes month/year contracts, no CapEx
No contracts, usage based, no upfront costs
“Green” Low Low High - virtualized
Pricing model Buy Servers & Colo costs whether used or not
Rent Servers & Hosting costs whether used or not
Rent based on usage only
Is the Hosting Model Ripe for Change
• Technology has evolved • People demand more control • Instant gratification • In-house too costly from CapEx and
Human Capital • Colocation for those who want to be
physically there • Managed is not dynamic enough Cloud Computing -“Enabling Technology”
to move from Traditional Hosting to Cloud Hosting
5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]
the clouD’s “snowBall effect”
• Maturation of Virtualization Technology
• Virtualization enables Compute Clouds
• Compute Clouds create demand for Storage Clouds
• Storage + Compute Clouds create Cloud Infrastructure
• Cloud Infrastructure enables Cloud Platforms & Applications
• Multiple Cloud types lead to Cloud Aggregators
• Niche requirements enable Cloud Extenders
5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]
the “clouD PyramiD” • Build upon a foundation • Layers equate structure • Building blocks: Infrastructure, Platforms, Applications • Breadth vs. Niche
5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]
the “clouD PyramiD” inverseD
• 1000’s of Cloud Applications currently
• Handful of Cloud Platforms
• Elite group of Cloud Infrastructure providers # of Marketplace providers
5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]
clouD comPuting is… … virtualized compute power and storage
delivered via platform-agnostic infrastructures of abstracted hardware and software accessed over the Internet. These shared, on-demand IT resources, are created and disposed of efficiently, are dynamically scalable through a variety of programmatic interfaces and are billed variably based on measurable usage.
5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]
clouD “aPPlications” • SaaS resides here
• Most common Cloud / Many providers of different services
• Examples: SalesForce, Gmail, Yahoo! Mail, Quicken Online
• Advantages: Free, Easy, Consumer Adoption
• Disadvantages: Limited functionality, no control or access to underlying technology
5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]
clouD “Platforms” • “Containers”
• “Closed” environments
• Examples: Google App Engine, Heroku, Mosso, Engine Yard, Joyent or Force.com (SalesForce Dev Platform)
• Advantages: Good for developers, more control than “Application” Clouds, tightly configured
• Disadvantages: Restricted to what is available, other dependencies
clouD “infrastructure” • Provide “Compute” and “Storage” clouds
• Virtualization layers (hardware/software)
• Examples: Amazon EC2, GoGrid, Amazon S3, Nirvanix, Linode
• Advantages: Full control of environments and infrastructure
• Disadvantages: premium price point, limited competition
5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]
clouD “extenDers” (Wild Card)
• Provides extension to Cloud Infrastructure and Platforms with basic functionality
• Examples: Amazon SimpleDB, Amazon SQS, Google BigTable
• Advantages: Extends functionality of Compute & Storage Clouds to integrate with legacy system or other clouds
• Disadvantages: Sometimes requires use of specific Platforms or Infrastructure
5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]
clouD “aggregators” (Wild Card)
• Sits on top of various Cloud Infrastructures for management
• Examples: RightScale, Appistry
• Advantages: Provides more options for Cloud environments
• Disadvantages: Dependent on Cloud Providers
5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]
the new “clouD PyramiD”
5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]
FROM Hosting to the Clouds
• Static Dynamic = Quick & Easy Scalability
• Cost Prohibitive Cost Effective = Cost Efficiencies
• Predictable Unpredictable = Innovations
• Stagnant Growth = Evolution
Traditional Hosting Cloud Hosting = FUTURE!
5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]
• Firewalls and DMZs
• Data De-duplication on steroids
• Can port controls ever transcend the psychology of human behavior?
• Just because you are paranoid does not mean no one is about to attack your TCOM weak points
• Is actual experience ever going to live up to the amazing demo?
5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]
SECURITY & CONTROL IN THE CLOUD
• Are we going back to the glass houses of my work days in the 1970s?
• We solved the challenge of pull and push installs, now we abandon it all?
• EDS, MIS, ISS, IS, IT, huh?
• Doesn’t cloud computing actually make it easier on all of us, as in the 70s?
• Bottom line, our disc packs have come so far over five decades!!!!
5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]
OPER SYST & APPLICATION DELIVERY
• If you don’t live life on the edge you are taking up too much room
• We have blown past Moore’s Law over four decades because we don’t recognize any boxes
• The cloud is not the end, it is just the beginning of again going where no one has gone before
5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]
LIVING ON THE EDGE OF THE INTERNET
• It is appliance and software
• The challenge then is: – How do we find the power to light up the
coming 10 BILLION people while fulfilling Moore’s Law?
– How do we stop spewing carbons since we all live on this same mud ball we call home?
– Do we want our progeny to have amazing computing power in their hands while wearing oxygen masks?
5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]
CLOUD – APPLIANCE OR SOFTWARE?
GENERATION -Waste Heat Challenge #1
• Industrial Processes – Wasted heat = missed business efficiency opportunity – Many processes preclude re-use of waste heat – Waste heat <300°C poor for steam power generation – Typical expected 1-5 year payback – 24/7/365 processes are ideal – Forest products, kilns, roasters, metals, glass, CHP
5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]
• Military Power Generation – 125,000 gensets fielded; 2.1GW capacity; 10,000
new/yr
– 10kW to 100kW most common (16.8 kW average)
– Gensets use 360 Mgal/year JP-8 during wartime
– $15/gallon min fuel cost in theater
– 80% of Afghanistan casualties occur in logistical ops
– $1.3B retrofit TAM, $170M annual new TAM
GENERATION - Waste Heat Challenge #2
5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]
Waste Heat Recovery Value
Engine Peak Power 20kW System Cost/Watt $5.00 Installed Cost $100,000 Annual O&M $/kWh $0.01 Annual Discount Rate 8.00% Years of Operation 10
Simple Payback Time (80% capacity): $0.10/kWh – 7.2 years $0.15/kWh – 4.8 years $0.25/kWh – 2.9 years $0.50/kWh – 1.5 years
Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE)
Customers: Coffee Roasters (Diedrich) CSP (Sopogy, Chromasun) Military Gensets (DRS, Cummins) Brick Makers Cement Kilns Industrial Kilns (CoorsTek)
Competitive with Grid Electricity
LCOE Analysis
($/kWh)Annual Energy
Produced (kWh)
Annual O&M
costs $100,000
Capacity Factor
20% 35040 $350.40 0.380$
30% 52560 $525.60 0.256$
40% 70080 $700.80 0.195$
50% 87600 $876.00 0.158$
60% 105120 $1,051.20 0.133$
70% 122640 $1,226.40 0.116$
80% 140160 $1,401.60 0.102$
90% 157680 $1,576.80 0.092$
100% 175200 $1,752.00 0.084$
5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]
Cool Energy Proprietary and Confidential
Waste Heat Quality & Availability
• Vast amount of low temp industrial waste heat = huge opportunity
• Lower thermal efficiencies challenge economics
• ‘Free’ fuel supports economics
Stea
m, g
as
tu
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es,
ICE’
s O
RC
’s, T
E
Stir
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Engi
nes
Source: EPA National Emissions Inventory Database
T BTU
Waste Heat Recovery Market
• Data from coops – 26,000 WHR opportunities
• 7% of electricity from coops – 370,000 total US sites
• 50% of sites suitable for SolarHeart (<100kW)
• $50B TAM at $4500/kW
• $15B SAM – 11GW capacity
5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]
• Why do we treat the issue of our power consumption like it is not OUR problem as a human race?
• Legacy power generation and delivery is known and finite
• Thinking can be operational, tactical, or strategic – two of these approaches will kill air breathing races
• Time to recognize, bring together, and solve the socio-technical plate-tectonic tsunami already overtaking us?
5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]
Are power sources infinite and mysterious?
QUESTIONS AND
COMMENTS? 5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]
Dr. Suchindran “Chat” Chatterjee
602-421-4416
5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]
MY CONTACT INFORMATION
Green Energy Data Centers and
Storage in the Coming Age of Vast
Cloud Computing Behavior is a mirror in which everyone shows their own image
Powering a Clean Tomorrow™
5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 (602) 421-4416 [email protected]
5541 Central Ave, Suite 172, Boulder, Colorado 80301 Phone: (602) 421-4416; Email: [email protected]