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Radio Network Tunning and Optimization for
UMTS
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AGENDA
Motivation
2G-3G, What is different
Tuning Process Flow
Tools used for Tuning Activity
Equipments Configuration
Pilot Tuning
UE Tuning
Final Words
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MOTIVATION
3G networks are becoming commercially available all over
the world
To check the functionality of the networks beforecommercial launch
Network designs are based on propagations models and
simulations (coverage verification)
3G technology (WCDMA) is different from 2G
Tools and methods for 3G Networks
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Differences compared to 2G
In General
- The Technology is more complicated (Overlapping cells,
soft hand over, power control, cell breathing etc)
- High performance requirements on products (UE & Networknodes)
- In Particular for Tuning & Optimzation
- Process & tools are under development
- Co-located GSM/3G sites- Shared Antenna System
- Inter-working with GSM
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Tuning or Optimization, What is the difference
During Tuning
No traffic in the network, No subscribers
Network tuned only based on drive test data
Labour intensive with repeated drive testAll is about Pre-launch activities
During Optimization
Commercial traffic, subscribers using the network
Statistics used widely to monitor network performance
Drive testing just in case
All is about Postlaunch activities
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Tuning Process Flow
Radio Network Ini t ia l Tuningfor WCDMA
Preparations Parameter
Audit
CommercialLaunch
Drive Testing &Post
Processing
ChangeVerification& Reporting
Analysis &Change
Proposals
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Tuning Process Flowchart
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Tools For Tuning/Optimization & Data Post
ProcessingActive measurement needed due to lack of statistics
TEMS Investigation for WCDMA (Software)
TEMS Scanner (Software + HW)
External GPS
User Equipment (UE)
TEMS DeskCat for post processing MCOM3g/Mapinfo
MS Access/Excel based tools
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USB2USB1
Com 1
scanner
Short call Long Call
USB1
CS64
GPS
USB1
PS
Drive Test Equipments for Voice, CS64 & PS call
Drive test tools configuration
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Drive Test Routes
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PILOT TUNING
The basic measurements of scanner are
CPICH_RSCP (received signal code power)
CPICH_Ec/No(received energy per chip divided by the
power density in the band)
RSSI(received signal strength indicator)
What can you achieve with scanner?
Crossed feeder issues (DL)
Coverage verification
Interference problems (overshooting cell, pilot pollution)
Missing neighbours
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COVERAGE VERIFICATION - Primary Common
Pilot Channel
Verify P-CPICH detection to minimize coverage holes
P-CPICH RSCP
P-CPICH Ec/No
Coverage level RSCP[dBm] Ec/N
0[dB]
Sufficient RSCP100 Ec/N
014
Poor 115 RSCP
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Best Server Signal Strength (RSCP)
Yellow is
good
Blue can
generateproblems
Grey is bad
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Pilot Ec/No Measurements
Green is
good
Blue cangenerate
problems
Orange is
bad
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INTERFERNECE
-100
-90
-80
-70
-60
-50
-40
-30
-25 -20 -15 -10 -5 0 5
Ec/Io [dB]
RSCP[dBm]
High interference
By correlating low Ec/No with high RSCP, areas with high
interference can be detected
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INTERFERENCE (RSCP > -90 dBm AND Ec/No < -9 dB)
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Primary Common Pilot Channel (P-CPICH)
OVERSHOOTING
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OVERSHOOTINGChange Proposal: Site-D, Sector-1, Antenna Down-tilt 8 Degrees
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Primary Common Pilot Channel (P-CPICH)
PILOT POLLUTION
P-CPICH RSCP
P-CPICH Ec/No
High CPICH reception levels from many
Cells, (more than MAX_ACTIVE_SET)
size
serving
cc ASthresholdN
E
N
EcountPilot )(
00
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PILOT POLLUTION
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PILOT POLLUTION
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PILOT POLLUTION
Change Proposals
Site
Name
Sector
Number
SC of
Pilot
Height of
Antenna
(meters)
Antenna
Tilts
(degree)
Proposed
Antenna
Tilts
(degree)
A 1 173 38 2 5
A 2 76 38 2 4
D1
485 47.3 2 8
C 2 24 39.2 3 5
B 3 79 27 2 3
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0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Numbers of
Samples
173 76 485 79 24
SC of Pilots
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Number ofSamples
173 76 79 24
SC of Pilots
PILOT POLLUTION
Initial Drive Test (before tuning)
Verification Drive Test (after tuning)
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UE TUNING
Voice /Video/PS calls
Long calls
short calls
Identify problem areas
Blocked calls
Dropped calls
Delay/Throughput
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Short Calls Analysis
Set-up a call and maintain it for a pre-defined time duration
(for 15-60 s)
Call set-up failure and drops during short calls can be mainly
used to analysis Accessibility failure due to:
UE Failure
Unsuitable Parameters Setting
Coverage Problem
Interference
Others
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Long Calls Analysis
Drops during long call can be used to identify:
Missing Neighbor Relation
Coverage Problem
UE Problems
Network Characteristics
Best Parameter Setting
Others
Set-up a call and maintain it until it is drop (used for
the analysis of Retainability performace)
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KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
Accessability (Call set-up success rate)
Retainability (Dropped calls)
Mobility (Handover success rate)
Integrity (BLER and throughput)
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Case 1: Drop due to missing neighbor
Problem: Detected Nighbor (DN)
UE sends a Measurement Report that contains an event1a
means adding a new RL (cell) to Active Set If the reported cell is not in the current neighbor cell list
and the reported Ec/No is better than the best serving cell
Ec/No in AS by some dBs (set by a RNC parameter)
If for any reason the new cell can not be added to AS, callwill be released
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Case 1: Drop due to missing neighbor
DN cell better than the serving cell
DL BLER gets worse
DN cell better than the serving cell
DL BLER gets worse
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Case 2: Drop due to Poor Coverage (low RSCP)
Problem: Poor DL coverage
When UE gets to an area with low RSCP ( < -105 dBm)
regardless Ec/No values there is high risk for drop.
UE will likely ramp up the transmitted power and reach its
max power. The DL BLER will probably increase and SIR
target cannot maintain anymore, finally the call drops.
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Case 2: Drop due to DL Poor Coverage
Very bad RSCP
UE max Tx power
and
high DL BLERVery bad RSCP
UE max Tx power
and
high DL BLER
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Case 3:
PS: Session Error due to Poor DL CoverageUE enters a very low coverage area (RSCP < 105 dBm).
The packet connection is carried on a 64/64 DCH Channel
as consequence of the low coverage conditions.
The UE will likely ramp up its power to the maximum, goes
to Idle Mode and the Application and RLC throughputs go
to zero.
At this point the RAS application will start the SessionTimeout timer, if the throughput is not resumed the Session
Error event is triggered with cause sessiontimeout.
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PS: Session Error due to Poor DL Coverage
App throughput ~64kbps
Very low RSCP
App throughput ~64kbps
Very low RSCP
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FINAL WORDS
For network tuning, we need to relay on field measurements whichrequire extensive drive tests
Finding the best possible configuration for antenna heights, tilts,azimuths and parameter setting for all the present cells/sectors in thenetwork and also for any new sites that might be needed to improvecoverage
Power adjustment can also be used for network tuning but can becomecomplicated and result in poor network performance
Use of Remote Electrical Tilt (RET) Antenna is preferred over mechanicaltilt antenna
Neighbour definition is of prime importance in UMTS network (Softhandover gain and interference reduction). Keep neighbour list upto 20.
Automated tools are needed that could suggest the best possibleneighbour relations, antenna heights and tilts by using both the fieldmeasurements and the propagation models & simulations
Skilled people, right methods and advanced tools are needed to perform3G tuning and optimisation
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Comparison of Mechanical and Electrical Down-tilts