2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system
2.01 Remember the structures of the circulatory system 2
Essential questions
What are the structures of blood?
What are the structures of the circulatory system?
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Structures of the circulatory system
Blood HeartArteriesVeinsCapillaries
Blood
Hemat- = blood -ology = the study of
The average adult has
8 – 10 pints.
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Blood
One drop of blood contains: 5 million RBCs 250,000-500,000 platelets 7,500 WBCs
Red blood cells live 120 days.
Make new blood cells 2 million per second!
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Structures of the blood
Plasma Erythrocytes Leukocytes Thrombocytes
Plasma
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Plasma
Cellular elements
Plasma proteins
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Plasma
Cellular elements
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Erythrocytes
Biconcave disk Hemoglobin Transportation
Oxygen Carbon dioxide
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Leukocytes
Larger than erythrocytes
Five types
Leuk/o/cytes –
white cells
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Leukocytes
Agranulocytes Lymphocytes Monocytes
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Leukocytes
Granulocytes Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils
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Thrombocytes
Smallest of solid components of blood
Synthesized in red marrow
Not cells, composed of fragments of megakaryocytes
Necessary for the initiation of the blood clotting process
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Blood types
Inherited from parents Determined by presence
or absence of an antigen on the surface of the red blood cell
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In 1901, the Austrian immunologist Karl Landsteiner discovered that blood may be grouped into four main types.
Based on the reaction that resulted when blood from different individuals were mixed.
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Blood types
Someone with type A antigen has B antibodies Someone with type B antigen has A antibodies Someone with type AB antigen has no antibodies Someone with type O antigen has A and B antibodies
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Rh factor
Rhesus (Rh) factor is an inherited trait that refers to a specific protein found on the surface of red blood cells (antigen).
Blood used in transfusions must match donors for Rh status as well as for ABO blood type.
Although Rh factor doesn't affect the patient’s health, it can affect pregnancy.
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Rh factor
In 1940, the Rh factor was discovered as a result of studying Rhesus monkeys.
When blood from monkeys was injected into rabbits and guinea pigs, it clotted.
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Rh factor If the blood has the
protein, the patient is Rh positive.
If the blood lacks the protein, the patient is Rh negative.
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Structures of the circulatory system
Heart
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Heart
The heart is a double pump.
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Heart
Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve Bicuspid (mitral) valve
Left atrium
Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Pulmonary semilunar valve
Aortic semilunar valve
ApexSeptum
Right ventricle Left ventricle
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Layers of the heart
Right atrium
Right ventricle
Left atrium
Left ventricle
Myocardium
Endocardium
Pericardium
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Conduction system of heart beatsRefer to your textbook to
identify the structures of the heart’s conduction system in the correct sequence for the
heart to beat.
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Structures of the circulatory system
ARTERIES
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Vessels of the circulatory system ARTERIES
Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the capillaries
Elastic, muscular and thick-walled Transport blood under very high pressure
Arteries > arterioles > capillaries
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Vessels of the circulatory system
Arterial bloodOxygen rich Bright red, spurts
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Structures of the circulatory system
VEINS
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Vessels of the circulatory system VEINS
Carry deoxygenated blood away from capillaries to the heart
Veins contain a muscular layer, but less elastic and muscular than arteries
Thin walled veins collapse easily when not filled with blood Veins have values that permit flow of blood only in direction
of the heart
Veins > Venules > Capillaries
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Vessels of the circulatory system
Venous blood Oxygen poorDark crimson, oozes
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Vessels of the circulatory system
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Structures of the circulatory system
CapillariesCapillaries The smallest
blood vessels
Connect arterioles to venules
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Structures of the circulatory system
Trace the flow of blood through the body
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Flow of blood through the body
Right side Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right Ventricle
Pulmonary valve
Pulmonary artery
Lungs CO2 and O2 exchange
Left SidePulmonary vein
Left atrium
Bicuspid valve
Left ventricle
Aortic valve
Aorta
Body
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Pulse sites Alternating expansion and contraction of an
artery as blood flows through it.
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Common pulse sites