8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 1/60
Happy belated Valentines Day (from the Baroque artists who gaveHappy belated Valentines Day (from the Baroque artists who gaveus the chubby cherubus the chubby cherub calledcalled puttiputti))
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 2/60
Reading Alert!Reading Alert!
Assigned readings for Fiero Assigned readings for Fieroon the syllabus for TH areon the syllabus for TH areincorrect incorrect
Today: 259Today: 259--276276
TH: 277TH: 277--291291
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 3/60
Handel and theHandel and theecstasy of theecstasy of the Messiah Messiah
I think I did I think I didsee allsee allHeavenHeaven
before mebefore meand the greatand the greatGod Himself!God Himself!
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 4/60
The arts of ecstasyThe arts of ecstasy From Greek,From Greek, ekek
stasisstasis,, to stand to standbeside oneselfbeside oneself
The experience of The experience of being Other tobeing Other tooneself: you andoneself: you andnot not--you, here andyou, here andthere at the samethere at the sametimetime
Contradiction,Contradiction,doubleness,doubleness,vastnessvastness
CorrespondingCorresponding
confusion of confusion of location, s acelocation, s ace
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 5/60
Mannerist, and thenMannerist, and thenBaroque artists, revelBaroque artists, revelin the sense of in the sense of distortion and surgingdistortion and surgingmotionmotion
El Greco, The VirginEl Greco, The Virginof the Immaculateof the ImmaculateConception (1608Conception (1608--1613)1613)
More dynamic senseMore dynamic senseof spaceof space everythingeverythingpotentially dramaticpotentially dramatic
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 6/60
Baroque theatricality:Baroque theatricality: Peter Paul Rubens,Peter Paul Rubens,«« Arrival of Marie de Medici at Arrival of Marie de Medici at
Marseilles,Marseilles, » 1622» 1622--16251625
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 7/60
Thank goodness were moreThank goodness were more
civilized.civilized.
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 8/60
Sources of new confidence, bravado Reformation
Catholic Counter-Reformation and end of Wars of Religion
Late Renaissance skepticism doubt now used to escape dogma, explore newness of New World, develop methods toresolve doubt (philosophy and naturalphilosophy or science) or make it source of drama (contradiction, conflict)
Encounter with Others Rationalize colonialism, turn it into mercantile
opportunity
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 9/60
The fate of Carnival and the carnivalesque in the BaroqueThe fate of Carnival and the carnivalesque in the Baroque
Catholic Churchs sponsorship of CarnivalCatholic Churchs sponsorship of Carnival(Feast of Fools, etc.) to regulate calendar(Feast of Fools, etc.) to regulate calendarand behaviorand behavior
The safety valve theory of carnivalThe safety valve theory of carnival
After Council of Trent and other reforms, After Council of Trent and other reforms,decision to counter the Reformation: newdecision to counter the Reformation: newemphasis by Church and State to coemphasis by Church and State to co--opt opt sensuality, the grotesque body, emotionalism,sensuality, the grotesque body, emotionalism,
etc. to dazzle the uneducated with religiousetc. to dazzle the uneducated with religiousfervor and feelingfervor and feeling
These are transferred into intensely religiousThese are transferred into intensely religiousart and emotionsart and emotions
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 10/60
Effects of the Inquisition:Effects of the Inquisition: Veronese Feast in the House of Levi Veronese Feast in the House of Levi
(originally The Last Supper)(originally The Last Supper)
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 11/60
Excerpt fromExcerpt frominterrogationinterrogation
INQUINQUISITOR:ISITOR: Why did you paintWhy did you paintthat man as a buffoon with athat man as a buffoon with aparrot on his wrist?parrot on his wrist?
VERONESE VERONESE: For ornament, as is: For ornament, as iscustomarycustomary
INQUISITORINQUISITOR: Are these not: Are these not
supposed to be suitable andsupposed to be suitable andproper to the subject matter proper to the subject matter or are they for pleasureor are they for pleasure simplysimplywhat comes to your mindwhat comes to your mindwithout any discretion?without any discretion?
VERONESE VERONESE: I paint pictures as I: I paint pictures as I
see fit and as well as my talentsee fit and as well as my talentpermits.permits.
INQUISITORINQUISITOR: Does it seem: Does it seemfitting at the Last Supper of Ourfitting at the Last Supper of OurLord to paint buffoons,Lord to paint buffoons,drunkards, Germans, dwarfsdrunkards, Germans, dwarfsand similar vulgarities?and similar vulgarities?
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 12/60
Baroque religious literatureBaroque religious literature
Council of Trent (1545Council of Trent (1545--63): doctrinal rigor63): doctrinal rigor almost outlaws highlyalmost outlaws highly
expressive artistic stylesexpressive artistic styles(polyphony in music;(polyphony in music;Mannerist art; mysticalMannerist art; mysticalpoetry; etc.)poetry; etc.)
Instead uses them asInstead uses them as
propagandapropaganda St. John of the Cross (1542St. John of the Cross (1542--
91)91)
Sor Juana Inés de la CruzSor Juana Inés de la Cruz(1651(1651--1695)1695)
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 13/60
St. John of the Cross,St. John of the Cross, Living Flame of Living Flame ofLoveLove
**Dark/Light in strongDark/Light in strongoppositionopposition
*Use of contradictory*Use of contradictorymodifiers [modifiers [tenderly tenderlywounding my soul Owounding my soul Owelcomewelcome ulcer everyulcer everydebtdebt redeemingredeeming/In /Inslaying]slaying]
*salvation described in*salvation described inerotic terms: seduction oferotic terms: seduction ofthe soulthe soul
*destructive force of fire*destructive force of firedistorted and reverseddistorted and reversed ----
purifyingpurifying
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 14/60
Erotic and spiritual statesErotic and spiritual states
Body/spirit split not a source of Body/spirit split not a source of anxiety, but something to transcendanxiety, but something to transcendthrough ecstasythrough ecstasy
Darkness with sudden enlightenment Darkness with sudden enlightenment
Pain with pleasurePain with pleasure
Seduction with salvationSeduction with salvationConcordia discorsConcordia discors
Conflict that creates harmonyConflict that creates harmony
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 15/60
Baroque Musical harmonyBaroque Musical harmony
Bach, CanonBach, Canon concordia discorsconcordia discors(BMV 1086)(BMV 1086)
This thing of darkness I This thing of darkness Iacknowledge mineacknowledge mine
For Prospero, anFor Prospero, anambiguous statementambiguous statement
For the artists andFor the artists andthinkers of thethinkers of theB
aroque, it becomesB
aroque, it becomesan aesthetic creedan aesthetic creed useusedissonance/darknessdissonance/darknessto enhance harmonyto enhance harmony
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 16/60
Bernini, Coronaro ChapelBernini, Coronaro Chapel
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 17/60
The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa The Ecstasy of Saint Teresa(de Avila)(de Avila)
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 18/60
CoronaroCoronaro Chapel with figures in wings: theChapel with figures in wings: thetheatricalizationtheatricalization of ecstasyof ecstasy
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 19/60
Even the spectators are animatedEven the spectators are animated
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 20/60
Coranaro Chapel ceiling: ecstasy of lightCoranaro Chapel ceiling: ecstasy of lightThe first multimedia art?The first multimedia art?
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 21/60
Detail: ecstasy of the bodyDetail: ecstasy of the body--spiritspirit
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 22/60
Details:Details:Spiritual redemption through physical ecstasySpiritual redemption through physical ecstasy
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 23/60
The gospel of ecstasy:The gospel of ecstasy: Mahalia can make salvation sound like sex and Mahalia can make salvation sound like sex and
sex sound like salvation!sex sound like salvation!
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 24/60
Baroque poetryBaroque poetry
Concordia discorsConcordia discors
Use of conceit as organizing principleUse of conceit as organizing principle
Intellectual; wittyIntellectual; witty But in service of strong emotion (physical andBut in service of strong emotion (physical and
spiritual ardor)spiritual ardor)
Explore more jagged rhythms and off Explore more jagged rhythms and off--rhymesrhymes
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 25/60
John Donne
Batter my heart, three-person'd God ; foryou As yet but knock ; breathe, shine, andseek to mend ;That I may rise, and stand, o'erthrow me,and bend
Your force, to break, blow, burn, andmake me new.
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 26/60
I, like an usurp'd town, to another due,
Labour to admit you, but O, to no end.Reason, your viceroy in me, me shoulddefend,But is captived, and proves weak or
untrue. Yet dearly I love you, and would be lovedfain,
But am betroth'd unto your enemy;
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 27/60
Divorce me, untie, orbreak that knot again,
Take me to you,imprison me, for I,Except you enthrallme, never shall befree,
Nor ever chaste,except you ravish me.
See if you can findsimilar patterns of discordia concors in The Flea and otherDonne poems Bernini, Ecstasy of St.
Ludovica 1674
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 28/60
Caravaggio, Beheading of the BaptistCaravaggio, Beheading of the Baptist
Michelangelo Merisi,Michelangelo Merisi,aka Caravaggioaka Caravaggio
A real punk: street A real punk: street
brawler, gang member,brawler, gang member,murderer of a tennismurderer of a tennismatch opponentmatch opponent
Also the inventor of the Also the inventor of theFlorid (or CounterFlorid (or Counter--
Reformation) BaroqueReformation) Baroquestylestyle tenebrismtenebrism
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 29/60
Caravaggio, Beheading of the BaptistCaravaggio, Beheading of the Baptist
Michelangelo Merisi,Michelangelo Merisi,aka Caravaggioaka Caravaggio
A real punk: street A real punk: street
brawler, gang member,brawler, gang member,murderer of a tennismurderer of a tennismatch opponentmatch opponent
Also the inventor of the Also the inventor of theCounterCounter--ReformationReformation
Baroque styleBaroque style tenebrism tenebrism
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 30/60
Caravaggio, Death of the Virgin and detail (1606)Caravaggio, Death of the Virgin and detail (1606)
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 31/60
Caravaggio, Judith Beheading Holofernes (1598) withCaravaggio, Judith Beheading Holofernes (1598) withdramatic foreshortening and use of lightdramatic foreshortening and use of light
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 32/60
Even the blood is a little stagey
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 33/60
TheThe caravaggisti:caravaggisti: Artemesia Artemesia Gentileschi, JudithBeheadingGentileschi, Judith BeheadingHolofernes (1620 version)Holofernes (1620 version)
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 34/60
Detail: where does the artist learnthe physics of actual blood-spatter?
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 35/60
William Harvey, Exercitatio Anatomica de MotuCordis et Sanguinis in Animalibus ( An AnatomicalExercise on the Motion of the Heart and Blood in
Animals)
Mechanisms of circulation of blooddiscovered by 1616
Published 1628
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 36/60
Gentileschis use of Galileos study of the parabolic pathsGentileschis use of Galileos study of the parabolic pathsof projectiles (1608) for the blood spurt in Judithof projectiles (1608) for the blood spurt in Judith
Beheading HolofernesBeheading Holofernes (more on art and science next week!)(more on art and science next week!)
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 37/60
Gentileschi, Susannah and the Elders (1610)Gentileschi, Susannah and the Elders (1610)
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 38/60
Gentileschi, Mary Magdalene (1620)Gentileschi, Mary Magdalene (1620)
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 39/60
Gentileschi, SelfGentileschi, Self--Portrait as Female Martyr (1615)Portrait as Female Martyr (1615)
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 40/60
Gentileschi, Self Gentileschi, Self--Portrait as Allegory of PaintingPortrait as Allegory of Painting(1630)(1630)
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 41/60
Views of Bernini, David Views of Bernini, David
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 42/60
Comparison of Renaissance and BaroqueComparison of Renaissance and Baroque Davids Davids
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 43/60
David detail of facial expression: David detail of facial expression:ee--motionmotion
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 44/60
Bernini, Fountain of the Four Rivers, RomeBernini, Fountain of the Four Rivers, Rome
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 45/60
The Baroque love of moving water: art in motionThe Baroque love of moving water: art in motion
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 46/60
Mastery over even the most liquid and dynamic forms inMastery over even the most liquid and dynamic forms innaturenature
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 47/60
Aerial view, St. Peters, Rome Aerial view, St. Peters, Rome
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 48/60
Bernini, Baldachinno St. PetersBernini, Baldachinno St. Peters
Note the scale ascompared tohumans
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 49/60
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 50/60
Bernini,Bernini, Cathedri PetriCathedri Petri
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 51/60
Cathedra PetriCathedra Petri (detail in polished bronze)(detail in polished bronze)
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 52/60
1717thth--C. Baroque Churches in Mexico City (L) andC. Baroque Churches in Mexico City (L) andNicaragua (R): The Baroque as an InternationalNicaragua (R): The Baroque as an International
StyleStyle
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 53/60
Pozzo, Apotheosisof St.Ignatius
Di sotto in sù( seen frombelow)perspectivevery
dramatic,emotionally
uplifting
Experiencewith Baroque
music formaximumeffect Bachs
Magnificatworks pretty
well
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 54/60
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 55/60
The actualarchitecturalshape of theceiling
Illusionistic
effects of quadratura
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 56/60
Note the floating image
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 57/60
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 58/60
Detail,Detail, CarignanoCarignano (vs. severe,(vs. severe,rectilinear Renaissance style of rectilinear Renaissance style of Alberti Alberti))
N t ti th B b d It l d thN t ti th B b d It l d th
8/3/2019 10 Baroque Arts Ecstasy 2011
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/10-baroque-arts-ecstasy-2011 59/60
Next time: the Baroque beyond Italy and theNext time: the Baroque beyond Italy and themastery of infinite (and intimate) space mastery of infinite (and intimate) space