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1 Nokia Siemens Networks Customer Confidential
Innovative GSM Software Solutions
Gerhard Speckmayr
Software ValueBusiness ProgramMBB Portfolio Management
July, 2012
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2 Nokia Siemens Networks
Capacity demand is like a wave in modern networksNetwork utilization calls for fluidity
Capacitydem
andataagiventime
Network Coverage
Time
Busyhour
Liquid Radio GSM softwarenetwork resources fluid Capacity dynamically followin
coming fromfollowing the e Double HSPA/ LTE data throu
with same GSM services in re
Capture more revenue while lOwnership
Busy hour fluctuation
Morning Aft
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3 Nokia Siemens Networks Customer Confidential
Liquid Radio GSM software suitefeatures in nut sh
With Flexi Multiradio Base Station family
Orthogonal Sub Channel
Smart Resource Adaptation
Precise Paging
Compressed traffic and signaling resources, same
capacity and network quality
SignallingPaging to all cells
DataMS multislot class
VoiceHalf Rate
OSC
SRA
PP
Flexible MCPA
Dynamic sharing reduc
providing more power f
GSM
HSPA
52W@GSM12,5W@carrier
8W@HSPA8W@carrier
Dynamic Frequency and Channel Allocation
in spectrum limited cases
Energy Efficient Coverage
Minimized network interference, better quality at cell edge, indoors
and in weak signal conditions, enables tighter frequency re-use
Less timeslots
Stati
GSM resources optimized with Liquid Radio GSM software suite
Fewer radio timeslots, frequencies and carriers needed for same GSM services
More carriers, spectrum and RF power can be allocated for HSPA/LTE
More carriers
GSM
HSPA
More traffic
DHR DHR
DHR
Latest cellpaging
Single TSL
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5 Nokia Siemens Networks Customer Confidential
Financial benefits of Liquid Radio GSM SW SuiteNetwork impact included to financial benefits
Voice, data and signaling capacityincreased and existing resources are freedup for refarming or for more GSM traffic
Fewer sites and less equipment requito offer the same GS; capacity
Number of TRX
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
2012 2013 2014
No LiquidRadio
With LiquidRadio
31% less
PS territory
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
2012 2013 2014
No LiquidRadio
With LiquidRadio
TSL
21% less
GSM cell capacity
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
2012 201
Erl
90%
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Software Solutions for Operators NeedsGSM Application Software PortfolioOverview
Smartphone Traffic Signaling capacity
Parallel voice & data Smart resource allocation
M2M
Operational Efficiency Energy saving fundamentals
Advanced energy saving
Data Throughput enhancements
Efficiency enhancements
PS Mobility enhancements QoS
W In
Capacity Spectral efficiency
AMR solutions
OSC solutions
Re-framing
TD
Eth
Loc
Security Air interface security
Transport security
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Capacity
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Software features enable easier,cheaper and environmentallysustainable capacity expansions
OSC-HR and DFCA Features can
improve both capacity and quality
of existing network
High quality voice capacity - make the difference
ExistingBTS site
Traditional
Spectrum cap
Reduce
High quSW
Reduced HighInterference
Traffic
increase
Interference
RX levels
OSC-HR software feature Four voice calls in one timeslot
AMR-HR voice codec
DFCA software feature More voice capacity and higher data
rates due improved interference
Spectral efficiency due enabling use ofmore TRX / frequency band
Traditional way to increase capacity is
adding new TRXs and BTS sites,
which is costly and creates
challenges with network quality
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BSS Capacity SolutionsVoice Capacity
GSM Half Rate / AMR Capacity (AMR HR)
OSC-DHROSC Half Rate with SAIC MS
OSC-DFROSC Full Rate with SAIC MS
AQPSK with VAMOS 2 handsets
OSC support for VAMOS handsets
OSC capability test for Handsets
Spectral Efficiency
Load Based AMR Packing
Radio Link Timeout Parameters for AMR-HR
Progressive AMR Power Control
Robust AMR Signalling
Single Antenna Interference Cancellation (SAI
Space Time IRC (STIRC)
Antenna Hopping (Intelligent) Frequency Hopping
Dynamic Frequency and Channel Allocatio
AMR HO Signaling Optimization
AMR Unpacking Optimization
SDCCH and PS Data Channels on DFCA TRX
Merged P- & E-GSM900
Precise Paging
EGPRS DL Power Control DFCA minimizes radio network interference Same/More capacity with less frequencies Higher usage of AMR-HR and better MOS
Orthogonal Subchannel (OSC)
Dynamic Frequency Channel Allocation
BTSs with LMU
GPS
BSCs withDFCA algorithm
BSC-BSClink
Legacymobiles
AMR-HR OSC-HR
2 users per TSL 4 users per TSL
OSC0
Half Rate voice codec Dual Half Rate voice codes
Multiplexing/De-multiplexing
OSC1
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Nokia Siemens Networks innovationOSC - Orthogonal Sub Channel Half Rate
Double AMR-HR capacity
AMR-HR like MOS quality
Increases voice capacity and reduced
CS blocking via Software Supported by every 3GPP SAIC handset
AMR HR OSC-DHR
2 users per TSL 4 users per TSL
OSC0
Half Rate voice codec Dual Half Rate voice codes
Multiplexing/De-multiplexing
OSC1
QPSK in DL
MIMO in UL
Q
Tran
MRec
3GPP SAIC MS penetrationpredicted vs. measure
0%
20%40%
60%
80%
100%
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 20
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OSC-HR Field PerformanceAPAC Operator
OSC-HR field performance is in line with our predictions
Achievements
Up to 27% increase in CS traffic
Reduction of CS-blocking
High gains supported by good RXdistribution and optimized param
OSC-HR gains depend on
SAIC MS penetration
RXqual distribution
Selected parameter set
Removal of all possible bottlenecks (e.g.
CSDAP capacity, SDCCH capacity)
Load level
OSC-HR traffic in different cell
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OSC-HR Field Performance
Quality KPIs improved or maintained
Quality KPI improvements
Massive reduction of TCH blocking a
activation Improved Handover Success Rate
TCH Drop Rate and other quality KP
TCH Blocking % Handover Success Rate %
TCH Drop Rate %
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Smartphone Traffic & Data
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Smarter GSM Networks - 3G data boom that spreads to your
Unique quality
of experience
Signaling
Up to five fold
Up to four fold
Data
Simultaneous voice and data calls
Smart Resource Adaptation(SRA)feature up to 5 folds smartdevice usersfor small packets
Dual Transenables simand data ca
Paging co-ordinaenables reception call also during da
Extended CCCHup to four folds signaling chan
Unique inefficiency
Smarter GSM networks launch
14 Nokia Siemens Networks 2011
Precisereducesand Abi
Multislot EDGE (EDA, HDA) andDownlink Dual Carrierimprove throughput and customerexperience
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Concurrent Voice &
Data - Incoming CS callduring PS session
Subscriber not reachable,and
CS call diverted to voicemail.
Notification via SMS (only ifimplemented.)
CCCH capacity exhausted
Paging Co-ord
No service
(Network Busy)
Signalingdue
increased number of
CS/PS calls
Extended CCC
Intelligent Sele
Precise Pagin
Dual Transfer MIncoming CS call acceptedbut PS call suspended
Applications send small packets,and resources are allocatedaccording Terminal multislotcapability
Traffic LoadBooming
smart device applicationusage
Few terminals can causeblocking of service to many
Smart Resourc
Instant QoS Si
GSM Data Traffic Challenges and Solutions
No CS Paging Coordination
CS Paging coordinationimplemented
Smart DSubscriber ImpactNetwork Impact
EDGEApplications send large packets,resources allocated by Terminalmultislot capability
Low throughput pertimeslot causes slowservice
EGPRS capacity too small,causing lower throughputcapacity
2nd EDGE TR
AMR-HR and
Extended Dyn
High Multislot
Downlink Dua
Applications require higherspeed
Challenge
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Smart Phones Friendly GSM NetworkThroughput and Efficiency
Enhanced Data Rates for GSM (E
High Multislot Classes (HMC)
Extended Dynamic Allocation (EDA
Dual Transfer Mode (DTM)
Smart Resource Adaptation (SR
Instant QoS Signalling (IQS)
Downlink Dual Carrier (DLDC)
Orthogonal Subchannel HR (OS
Improve Performance and PS Mob
Gb over IP
PCU2 Pooling
Network Controlled Cell Reselectio
Inter System NCCR (IS-NCCR)
Network Assisted Cell Change (NA
Paging coordination in BSC
Extended CCCH
Congestion
Cell change
NCCR
Distributes mobiles among cells to avoidtraffic congestion, when neighboring cells
have capacity
1 user gets 5 TS
Smart Resource Adaptation (SRA)
Allocation of 1 TSL in DL based on size of data packet, instead ofallocation according MS capability
Efficient, network controlled use of resources, with short datapackage sizee.g. instant messaging, smart phone apps
5 users served
Data volume
Size of packet250B
web
Up to 5 TSL1 TSL
Si li C it
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Signaling CapacityAddressing high traffic loadVoice Calls, Smart Phones, SMS, M2M
Adapt signaling capacity to the actual
High capacity signaling links on A Interf
SIGTRAN over A interface
(Increased) Dynamic SDCCH Allocatio
Intelligent Selective Paging
Extended CCCH
Precise Paging
First paging only to the cell+neigbours of last MSlocation
Paging load decreased by up to 70% Location Area/Routing Area downsizing can be
avoided
Precise Paging decreases signaling load
eCCCH increases the usage of Smart Devices
MSC
BSCPaging
Paging
SGSN
Abis/LAPD
Highest gain with key use cases:Very high number of cells in LA/RAMS is stationary / high penetration of Smart DevicesSmart Devices with high number of transactions
More radio time slots for CCCH to increase signaling capacity inlarger configurations and heavily loaded cells
Improve paging success rate and shorten call establishmentsesp. in congested cells Up to 4 times more Smart Device users with extended CCCH
M2M C ti it
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M2M Connectivity
Address M2M Signaling Load
Intelligent Selective Paging
Paging Coordination in BSC
Extended CCCH (incl. RACH)
Precise Paging
Smart Metering creates demanding requirement on
RACH depending on:
reading periodicity household density
Fleet Management creates demanding requirementson RACH, depending on:
track freight/vehicle location velocity of vehicles typical reporting every 5-15 seconds
M2M applications send simu
RACH access bursts.
M2M makes RACH the bottle
Cope with Packet Data TCH bloc Priority Class based QoS
Smart Resource Adaptation
Enhanced Packet Scheduler
Admission Control for EGPRS
Data Volume
Size of packet250B
Web
Up to 5 TSL1 TSL
M2M
Smart Resource Adaptation (SRA)
Allocation of TS to Mobile according to actual size of data packet,instead of Terminal capability
Efficient, network controlled use of PS resources, with short data
package size!
E h d CCCH Fi ld P f
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Enhanced CCCHField PerformancePaging deletions almost 0 after activating eCCCH
Second additio
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IP Transport
A IP
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Transport costs savings due to
lower cost IP transport
Improved transport efficiency for the
Transcoder in the MGW scenariothrough standardising TrFO for
GSM/EDGE
Better speech quality with A over IP
Transcoder in MGW
Simplified system configuration
in Multipoint A scenarios
A over IPImproved transport efficiency, simplified Multipoint A configuration, bette
A over IP
A over IP Transcoder in BSS
A over IP Transcoder in MGW
A over IP Enhancements
Legacy Abis with for A over IP Transcoder in MGW
CS Data support A over IP Transcoder in MGW
P k t Abi TDM d Eth t
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Packet Abis over TDM and EthernetImproved transport efficiency
Bandwidth Optimization
Improved transport efficiency by more
than 50%
Flexible Bandwidth assignment
Efficient bandwidth allocation
One resource pool for all traffic: Voice,
Data, Signaling
Evolution towards Packet Network
Common packet transport for GSM,
WCDMA and LTE
Packet Abis over TDM
Re-use of existing Transport Network
Investment Protectiontransparent to Transport Network
Packet Abis over Ethernet
Usage of low cost packet backhaul
Common transport for 2G and 3G / LTE
Legacy Abis
EDGEE
vo
Voice
Voice
Voice/OSC
EDGE
Packet Abis
Ba
ndwidth
Voice/OSC
EDGE
Bandwi
Mo
Packet Abis for TDM Networks
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Maximize Performance
Local switching for Packet Abis Packet Abis over IP/TDM Aggre
Packet Abis for inst. Base
Packet Abis for TDM Networks
Capacity and Efficiency
Packet Abis over TDM
Operability
Abis Delay Measurement
Legacy Abis
EDG
EPh2
Voice
Voice
Voice/OSC
EDGE
Packet Abis
Bandwidth
Voice/OSC
EDGEPh2
Bandwidth saving
> 50%
Aggregation
siteMLPPP
Packet Abis
E1/T1/FB
IP
Flexi BTS
TDM
BSC
Eth
BSC3i 1000/2000
FlexiBSC or mcBSC
IPPacket Abis
EthernetBSC site
Packet Abis for IP/Ethernet Networks
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Packet Abis for IP/Ethernet Networks
Capacity and Efficiency
Packet Abis over IP/Ethernet
Operability
Abis Delay Measurement
Maximize Performance
Local switching for Packet Abis
Packet Abis Synch. IEEE 1588v Packet Abis synchronous Ethern
Packet Abis Security
QoS aware Ethernet switching
Packet Abis for inst. base
Legacy Abis
EDG
EPh2
Voice
Voice
Voice/OSC
EDGE
Packet Abis
Bandwidth
Voice/OSC
EDGEPh2
Bandwidth saving
> 50%
SysMod.
RF*
Flexi BSC
mcBSC
TDM or ETH
ETH
TDM
or
Packet Network
UltraSite
BS2xx
Horizon
UltraSite
TDM Abis Packet Abis
Flexi Multiradio10
Packet Abis vs PWE3 CESoPSN
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Packet Abis vs. PWE3 CESoPSN
If I already have PWE3 CESoPSNw
Bandwidth efficiency
Packet Abis is ~50 % more efficient due to
Optimization
Aggregation gains achievable
PWE traffic (like TDM) requires same band
Traffic does not depend on air interface
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
Bandwidth
need
-50%
-99%
Results from commercial networks
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Results from commercial networksExpectations exceeded in live implementations
>60%savings
Results:
Typical throughput reduced bymore than 60%, both for Packet
Abis over Ethernet and TDM All Radio KPI maintained
Stable synchronization for Ethernetsites withTiming over Packet IEEE1588v2
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Operational Efficiency
Energy Efficiency Software Solutions
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Energy EfficiencySoftware Solutions
Fundamentals to optimize the power consumption
PA Shutdown for Idle TSLs (Flexi EDGE and Ultrasite) *) Traffic Prioritization to BCCH TRX *)
Downlink Power Control *)
Downlink Discontinuous Transmission (DL-DTX)
Common BCCH
Single Antenna Interference Cancellation (SAIC)
AMR HR
Further enhancements for energy savings
Adjustable Intelligent Shutdown
Energy Saving Mode for BCCH TRX
2G TRX Automatic Power Down (Flexi EDGE)
Energy Optimized TCH allocation
Flexible MCPA TX Power pooling
OSC
Energy Efficient Coverage
BTS power consumption
BTS traffic load
TS0 TS1 TS2 TS3 TS4 TS5
competitor
BTS+
on on off off on on
Flexi
Traditional BTS
BCCH
TRX2
Minimizing usage of PA, and level of power transmitted Minimize n.r of TS used, and power-optimize allocation of traffic to TS
*****
**) Features included in basic Operating S
Energy Efficient Coverage (EEC) ASW feature in nu
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Energy Efficient Coverage (EEC) ASW featurein nu
Improved GSM capacity, coverage and network quality - enabling true re-farming
Supported by standard MS and core networks
Requires Flexi Multiradio BTS family with antenna diversity and RG30
RadioChannel
RadioChannel
TX 1
TX 2Delay + PH
TXdata
EEC is similar to 4G MIMO butworks with standard GSM MSs
Standard GSM mobile stations combinesignals and obtain gainsimilarly to MIMOin 4G
Typically 4 dB better coverage
BTS Tx diversity smoothens huge phase diversity rises quality further
The effective BTS transmitter powe58 dB, but typically 4 dB gains calimited networks
Overall interference level is reducefrequency re-usee.g. 3+3+3 carrwith BCCH re-use 9 and TCH re-us
For UL limited networks also 4 wayrequired
Go+ 20 dB
- 20 dBBa
Fastfading
Multipath fading inurban areas
BTS Tx diversity
Highest multipath diversity gain canobtained behind obstacles, wherethe majority of the radio signal is
reflected from surrounding objects
BTS transmits signals via two antennas, theother signal slightly delayed and phase shifted
Space diversity Delay diversity Phase diversity
Tx 1
Tx 2
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Quality
HD Voice has arrived also to GSM networks
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HD Voice has arrived also to GSM networksProviding one scale better speech quality
Orange/France telecom survey
Longer phone usage by some u
76% prepared to change mobil
Frequency spectrum of Narrow Band AMR (NB-AMR)
Wide Band AMR (WB-AMR)
50 300 3400 7000 Hz
Power
HD Voice enables one scale better speech quality
Maximizing subscriber growth, usage and retention
Same HD Voice codecs for GSM, WCDMA and LTE
Supported by Symbian and Windows Phones as default iPhone and Android support by operator request
Worlds First HD Voice over GSM n
Nokia Siemens Networks wiGSM HD Voice customer ref
Nokia 800
Nokia
Nokia 710
Interworking for GSM-WCDMA and GSM-LTENewRG1
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Interworking for GSM WCDMA and GSM LTE
Basic Interworking
GSM-WCDMA Interworking
LTE System Information
Advanced Interworking GSM-WCDMA, Controlled WCDMA
IMSI based Handover
Inter System NCCR
Inter System NACC (if not NSN WC
Service Quality based WCDMA A
Inter System NACC for LTE (if not NGSMWCDMA Interworking
Idle mode
campingpreference
Continuous
coverageprovision
Data service
connectivity
Service
performanceoptimization
Load
balancing
Load basedhandover
Load awarecall control
Cell re-
selectionPacket
handover
Service basedhandover
Coveragebased handover
Idle modeparameterization
Penalty timers, re-selection timers
Interworking features
Optimized Multiradio network
End users expecting full service
Maximized service experience w
Optimized utilization of resources
GSMLTE Interworking
Increasing need for Advanced GSM-WCDMA Interwo
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Basic GSM-WCDMA interworking is already implemented inall networks
The need for advanced interworking features depends on Available spectrum for GSM900/1800 and WCDMA900/2100; re-
farming from GSM to WCDMA
3G terminal penetration, Smart Phone penetration
Coverage of respective layers
Increasing need for Advanced GSM WCDMA Interwo
WCD
GS
Above factors change over time! Reason to re-evaluate the need for more
advanced interworking features!
Advanced GSM/WCDMA Interworking
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Advanced GSM/WCDMA InterworkingInter System NCCR and Service Qual ity B ased WCDMA Acc ess
Inter System Network Controlled Cell Reselection (NCCR)
Initiates a cell reselection from a GPRS/EDGE cell to a WCDMA RAN cell.
Service Quality Based WCDMA Access GSM to WCDMA Advanced Cell Reselection
Received signal code power, RSCP, can be used as an additional 2G to 3G cell re-selection criterion in idle mode to prevent ping-pong effect in 2G-3G cell reselection
WCDMA neighbor cell reporting enhancement
Received signal code power, RSCP, can be used as an additional 2G to 3G cell handovercriterion in connected mode to prevent ISHOs and IS-NCCRs from 2G to 3G cell whenthe new cells uplink performance would be poor
data
Customer Benefits
Optimized usage of 2G/3G investments due extended measures tocontrol the data traffic balancing between 2G/3G networks
Improved Quality of Service due better data performance
WCD
GS
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Security
GSM air interface security needs upgradeWe can p
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y pg pradio networks !
Chaos ConfereDefending mo
GSM security in 1990 was a revolutionand a fundamental success with design
lifetime of 20 years
A5/3 ciphering
Random Fill bits
SDCCH hand over
GSM radio network features that make A5/1 cracking method not feasible
Plaintext
SDCCH HO
SI5x message
SI5x message Non-ciphered plaintexteasier cracking of Kc
Plaintext, but useless
New Kc
A5/1 ciphering SI is ciphered with Kc
False SI5x message
Predictable transactions
Ciphered butpredictable 2b
Ciphered and
randomized
A5/3 is strongKasumi used
GPencnot
Packet Abis Security
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y
IPsec Authentication
IPsec Encryption
IPsec Integrity
IPsec
Internet Protocol Security
Simplify Network Complexity with IP Security
public domain
EthEthPacket Switched
Network
IPSecurity
Gateway
Integrated O&M in OSS/NetAct
IPsec integrated in Flexi Multiradio/EDGE
Any Flexi BTS
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Roadmap Overview
GSM Roadmap Overview
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GSM Suite for Liq uid Netis an integrated part of our
GSM Application Software Portfolio
based on market feedbackaddressing typical GSM operator challenges
Strong GSM software development focus, and valuable solution pac
Improving voice efficiency and performance
Leading Spectrum Efficiency as enable for 3G/LTE refarming to GSM frequ
Coping with high Data & Smart Phones traffic/signaling load
Operational efficiencytransport evolution to IP, reduced energy consumpSecurity in air interface and transport network
Single RAN, and interworking with WCDMA & LTE