Transcript

๊ธฐ๋ณธ

โ— insulin RI, NPH ์กฐ์ œ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

RI : short

NPH : Intermediate , not shake, roll, rotate

์ˆœ์„œ

1, wash hand

2, roll NPH

3, wipe off top

4, withdraw 48unit air

5, air in NPH 36unit

6, air in RI 12unit

7, invert & withdraw 12unit RI

8, withdraw 36unit NPH

โ— Wound Cx

- old dressing off

- wound clean(์ฃฝ์€์„ธํฌ, ์‚ผ์ถœ๋ฌผ

- sterile glove

- rotate gently

- push tip(crush & push ampule) + label

- irrigation wound

- new dressing

โ— Inspirometer

- sitting

- exhale completely

- monthpiece tightly

- inhale slowly โ†’ hold 2~3 sec

- exhale slowly

- breath normally short period

- 10ํšŒ/min

โ— Allen test

- explain

- pressure on ulnar, radial

- open & close

- release pressure from UA

- Assess color return in 6sec(7,8sec๋„ ใ„ฑใ…Š)

โ— sputum culture ์ˆœ์„œ

1) early morning before drink or eat

2) rinse mouth with ๋ฌผ (์ž…์•ˆ ํ—น๊ตฌ๊ธฐ, ๊ฒ€์ฒด ์˜ค์—ผ๋ฐฉ์ง€)

3) DB & cough(๊นŠ์€)

4) collect specimen : 5~10cc

5) lab immediately

โ— pulse oximeter ์ˆœ์„œ

1) ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ obtainํ•œ๋‹ค

2) ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋ถ€์œ„๋ฅผ ์„ ์ •ํ•œ๋‹ค

3) ๋ถ€์ฐฉ๋ถ€์œ„์˜ capillary refill ํ…Œ์ŠคํŠธ

4) ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€์ฐฉํ•œ๋‹ค

5) ์•Œ๋žŒ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•œ๋‹ค

6) correlate ํ™˜์ž pulse ํ™•์ธ

- ๋ฐฉํ•ด์š”์†Œ : smoking ๋ฐฉ๊ธˆ, ํ™ฉ๋‹ฌ, motion(์›€์ง์ž„), nail polish

โ— IV ์ œ๊ฑฐ

- clamp

- dressing film ์ œ๊ฑฐ

- dry ๊ฑฐ์ฆˆ

- catheter์ œ๊ฑฐ

- ์••๋ฐ•(2~3min)

- catheter ํ™•์ธ

- dressing

โ— IV ์‹œ์ž‘

- site์„ ํƒ

- ํ„ฐ๋‹ˆ์ผ“ ์ ์šฉ(4~6inch์ด์ƒ), veinํ™•์žฅ(๋งˆ์‚ฌ์ง€, ์ฃผ๋จน์žผ์žผ, ํ†กํ†ก, ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•œ moist ํƒ€์›”)

- ์†Œ๋…

- 15~30๋„ ์ฐŒ๋ฅด๊ธฐ(dominent hand), ๋…ธ์ธ 15๋„ ๋ฏธ๋งŒ SQโ†“, ์ž์ฃผํ™•์ธํ•„์š”

/ non-dominent hand : vein stabilize

- blood regurgitation ํ™•์ธ ํ›„ ๋” ๋ฐ€์–ด๋„ฃ์Œ

- ์‚ด์ง ๋ˆ„๋ฅธ ์ƒํƒœ ํ„ฐ๋‹ˆ์ผ“ ์ œ๊ฑฐ

- IV tube attach

โ— Metabolic syndrome

1, FBS(๊ณต๋ณต์‹œํ˜ˆ๋‹น) 100โ†‘

2, abd obesity or abd girth(ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ๋‘˜๋ ˆ) F 35โ†‘ M40โ†‘ or BMI 30โ†‘

3, Triglyceride 150โ†‘, HDL F50โ†“, M40โ†“

4, HTN 130/85โ†‘

โ— Cane, crutch ๋ณดํ–‰

Up with Good 1st

Down with Bad 1st(cane, crutch)

- cane, crutch with affected leg

ex) Lt.Fx or ๋งˆ๋น„, cane(์ •์ƒ, Rt์ ์šฉ)

Up : Rt -> Lt with cane(Rt)

Down : Lt with cane(Rt) -> Lt

โ— MAP(mean arterial pressure)

์ •์˜ : average pressure in systemic circulation throughout cardiac cycle

(๋ชธ ์ „์ฒด์— ๋ฐ›๋Š” ํ‰๊ท  ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์••๋ ฅ)

MAP = (SBP + DBP x 2) / 3

โ— UGI radiography

- x-ray ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(barium ์กฐ์˜์ œ ์ด์šฉ)

pre)

- MN NPO

during)

- position change

post)

- laxative, fluidโ†‘ : barium ๋ฐฐ์ถœโ†‘

โ— latex allergy

- High : Avocado, banana, chestnut, kiwi(tropical fruits)

โ— ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„

A irway

B reath

C irculation

S afety

P ain

E ducation

E motion

โ— cranial nerve

โ— GCS scale

8์ โ†“ coma

โ— Bioterrorism

- intentional attack

- virus, bacterin, other germs

- Anthrax(ํƒ„์ €), botulism, plague(ํŽ˜์ŠคํŠธ), viral hemorrhogic infection(ebola), small

pox, tularemia(์•ผํ† ๋ณ‘)

- easy transmission, high mortality, public panic

โ— organ donation

- final decision ๊ฐ€์กฑ(ํ‰์†Œ์— ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋“คํ•œํ…Œ ๊ธฐ์ฆ์˜์‚ฌ ์•Œ๋ ค์•ผํ•จ)

- ๊ฐ์—ผ, cancer X

- ๋‡Œ์‚ฌ ๋ฒ”์ฃผ์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

โ— ๋Œ€์ฒด์˜ํ•™ CAM(complimentary & Alternative medicine)

1, Yoga

- breathingโ†‘, posture, streching (BPโ†“, HRโ†‘, respiratory function, anxietyโ†“)

- manage : MS(Multiple sclerosis), RA (chronic)

2, biofeedback

- learn to control bodyfunction(brain wave, breathing, V/S, muscle relaxtion)

- Tx migrain HA, chronic pain(BPโ†“)

3, meditation

- self directed pratice to relax body & mind (anxietyโ†“, painโ†“, BPโ†“)

4, Imaginary

- painโ†“, N/Vโ†“, anxietyโ†“, comfortโ†‘

5, Accupuncture/Accupressure

- meridain(ํ˜ˆ) : endorpineโ†‘ โ†’ painโ†“

6, chiropractic

- mechanical manipalation of spinal column

7, TENS(์ €์ฃผํŒŒ์ž๊ทน)

- Tx acute, chronic pain

- tingling, vibrating sensation

- X pacemaker, ์ƒ์ฒ˜๋ถ€์œ„, ์–ผ๊ตด ๋ฐ ํ˜ธํก๊ธฐ

โ— Drainage

- 1~3์ผ ๋’ค ์ œ๊ฑฐ, 24hr 30cc โ†“ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ

โ— postural BP

- ํ•œ ํฌ์ง€์…˜ 3๋ถ„

- SBP 20โ†‘ DBP 10โ†‘ : ๊ธฐ๋ฆฝ์„ฑ์ €ํ˜ˆ์••(orthostatic hypotension)

Donning Removing (outer>inner / front>back)

before enter

gown

maks, N95

goggle

gloves

gown waist tie front - untie

gloves

goggles

gown in room

-------------------------------

mask, N95 - lower stirp first

Caโ†“ Caโ†‘

PRโ†“

BPโ†“ (Ca ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์ˆ˜์ถ•์—ญํ™œ)

DTR โ†‘

์ดˆ๊ธฐSx: numbness, tingling, paresthesia

GI โ†‘ A/N/V/D

EKG prolong ST, QT

PRโ†“

BPโ†‘ (Ca ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์ˆ˜์ถ•์—ญํ™œ)

DTR โ†“

Sx: weakness, lethargy

GI โ†“ A/N/V/C

EKG shorter ST, widen T

kidney stone โ†’ renal failure๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

โ— Protection PPD

PPE ๋ฒ—๊ธฐ

glove - gown - (hand hygiene) and leave the room - close the door - mask - hand

hygiene

โ— Sprain ๋“ฑ

R rest

I ce ~24hr, 24hr~ warm

C ompression

E levation

โ— O2 ์น˜๋ฃŒ

- Nasal cannula : 1~6L, FiO2 24~44%

- simple mask : 5~8L, FiO2 40~60%

- partial rebreather mask : 6~15L, FiO2 70~90%

- non rebreather mask : 6~15L, FiO2 90~100%

โ— Ca

โ— constipation ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ

- fluidโ†‘ (2~3L/d)

- fiberโ†‘

- exercise โ†‘

Phlebitis Infiltration

tenderness

warmth

redness

swelling

stop & new line

warm compress

cooing

pallor

discomfort

stop & new line

ํ•„์š”์‹œ antidote

โ— VAD

โ— burn ์ˆ˜์•ก ์น˜๋ฃŒ

1st 24hr : 4ml RL x kg x TBSA(%)

1st 8hr : 1/2, 2nd 8hr : 1/4/, 3rd 8hr : 1/4

ex) 100kg, 40% Pt์˜ 3rd 8hr์˜ ?cc/hr

(1st 24hr fluid) 4 x 100 x 40 = 16,000cc

(3rd 8hr fluid) 16,000cc x 1/4 = 4,000cc/8hr

(3rd cc/hr fluid) 4,000 x 1/8 = 5,00cc/hr

โ— O2 Safety

portable tank

- ๋ณด๊ด€(up right, against wall, ํ–‡๋น›์— ๋…ธ์ถœ X)

- liquid O2 : No power, 4~8hr ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ, base unit์—์„œ ๋œ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ

O2 concentrator

- Need power(back up ํ•„์š”, 1๋‹ฌ์— 30์„ผํŠธ์ •๋„ ๋“ฆ)

- ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ค‘ O2๋ชจ์•„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ

- ์ตœ์†Œ 5ft ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ ์œ ์ง€ open flame(๋‹ด๋ฐฐ ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ)

- cotton O, wool X

- airplane ํƒ€๊ธฐ ์ „ ํ•ญ๊ณต์‚ฌ ์•Œ๋ฆฐ ํ›„ ๊ทœ์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ํƒ‘์Šน

- ์ „๊ธฐ๋ฉด๋„๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ X

- ๋ชจ๋ ˆ X, ์†Œํ™”๊ธฐ O

โ— central line airembolism

- disconnect or air : clamping cath, Lt.trendelenburg position.

โ— Immunine โ†“ : pancytopenia, chemo.

- ์ƒํ™” X, ์กฐํ™”(silk flower) O

- ์ƒ๋ฐฑ์‹ (MMR, ์ˆ˜๋‘) X, ์‚ฌ๋ฐฑ์‹ (influ etc.) O

non-visiblealcohol rub

๋ฌผ + ๋น„๋ˆ„(๊ฐ€๋Šฅ)

contact

alcohol rub(C.difficle์€ X)

๋ฌผ + ํ•ญ๊ท ๋น„๋ˆ„(antimicrobal)

visible ๋ฌผ + ๋น„๋ˆ„ ๋ฌผ + ํ•ญ๊ท ๋น„๋ˆ„(antimicrobal)

โ— MRI,CT,EEG,PET

MRI,CT : structive

EEG : brain activity(์˜ํ–ฅ food, med, 24~48hr์ด๋‚ด ์ œํ•œ, but NPO X, painless)

PET : working

- activity ์‹œํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ(์ฑ… ์ฝ๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ)

- position์€ ๊ฐ€๋งŒํžˆ

- brain ์˜ํ–ฅ food, med (caffein, alcohol, smoking, glucose, solution etc.) ~24hr X

- bladder ๋น„์šฐ๊ธฐ

- ๊ธˆ์‹(๋ฌผ O, ์Œ์‹ X), 4~6hr ์ด์ „

- 30min~2hr : ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ์‹œ๊ฐ„

- dye ์‚ฌ์šฉ (post : fluidโ†‘, ๋ฐฐ์ถœ)

โ— ๋งˆ๋น„

- contracture :๋†”๋‘๋ฉด flexion ๋จ (ex hip : prone position to prevent contracture)

- gait belt๋กœ ํ™˜์ž ์ด๋™ ๋„์›€

- ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ฐœ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜ wheel chair ๋†“๊ธฐ

- ์˜ท์ž…,๋ฒ—๊ธฐ Undressing - Unaffected / Dress - affective

โ— Input & Output

Input : ์‚ฌ๊ณผ, ๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜ X, tube feeding, fluid, ์ฃผ์‚ฌ์ œ O, ice chip(1/2)

output : ๋ณ€X(์„ค์‚ฌ๋งŒ O), wet-dry diaper

1 oz = 30cc, 1cup = 8oz = 240cc

โ— ๊ณ„์‚ฐ๋ฌธ์ œ

- ๋‹จ์œ„๋ฅผ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€๋ฉด๋จ

- whole number(๋ฐ˜์˜ฌ๋ฆผ)

- one decimal

โ— Precaution

- C-difficile : contact + standard

- Bacteria meningitis : Drop / suspected (drop) / viral (standard)

- VRE : contact

- meals : Air

Diet ๊ณผ์ผ ๊ณก๋ฌผ ์•ผ์ฑ„ ๊ณ ๊ธฐ

Pureed thin(์–†๊ฒŒ) smooth hotmashed potato

like pudding

scrambled egg

poached

egg(์ˆ˜๋ž€)

mechanically

alterd(๋‹ค์ง„์‹์ด

)

canned(์ซ€๋“) cooked moist well choppingmoist

ground(๊ฐ„๊ณ ๊ธฐ)

advanced

peeled

soft(๊ป์งˆ๊น

๋ถ€๋“œ๋Ÿฌ์šด,

๋ฐ”๋‚˜๋‚˜)

moist bread

(ํ”„๋ Œ์น˜ ํ† ์ŠคํŠธ)

tender

cooked(์—ฐํ•œ)

baked potato

tender thin

sliced

Regular(All)

โ— ํ™˜์ž์ด๋™

- 1 Nr life ~35Ib

- 2 caregivers ~78-156Ib (๋น„๋งŒ,bariatric)

- 3 caregivers ~156-234Ib (๋น„๋งŒ,bariatric)

- ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• : pull sheet / slide board / assistive device / hydraulic lift / gait belt

- drag X ๋งˆ์ฐฐ, ์‚ด ์ฐํž˜

โ— BMI = ๋ชธ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ(kg) / ํ‚ค(m)์ œ๊ณฑ

normal : 18.5~24.9

overwt : 25~29.9

obesity : 30~39.9

โ— sedation

minimal sedation : anxiolysis(๋ถˆ์•ˆ ๊ฐ์†Œ)

moderate sedation(conscious sedation)

- purposeful response to verbal or tactile stimulation

- O2, V/S, EKG, pulse oximeter, LOC, respiratory, cardiac functional

- ํ˜ผ์ž ๋‘์ง€ X (๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž ๋™๋ฐ˜)

deep sedation

general ansthesia

โ— Dysphagia : alternate solid & liquid

โ— ๋ฉธ๊ท ๋ฌผํ’ˆ

- Top flap : thumb, index finger

- both hand

- inner

- 1 inch ์˜ค์—ผ์ง€์—ญ

- above 6 inch(15cm)์—์„œ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆผ

โ— IV ์ œํ•œ

- ๋งŒ์ง€๋ฉด ์•„ํ”ˆ๊ณณ

- flex ๋ถ€๋ถ„ : anticubital fossa(phlebitis๊ฐ€๋Šฅ)

- ๋…ธ์ธ ์†๋“ฑ(๋”ฑ๋”ฑ, ์ž˜ํ„ฐ์ง)

- surgical, ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ถ€๋ถ„

โ— aspiration or flush IV

- 5cc syringe ์ดํ•˜ X (์••๋ ฅโ†‘)

- 10cc syringe ์••๋ ฅ ์ ค ์ข‹์Œ

โ— PICC(peripherally Inserted central catheter, ๋ง์ดˆ์‚ฝ์ž…ํ˜• ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ •๋งฅ์นดํ…Œํ„ฐ)

โ— hearing loss Pt

- face, lip reading

- pantomine, body language

- ์–ผ๊ตด ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ์ง€ X

- normally, simple, slowly, ๊ท€๊ฐ€ ์ž˜๋“ค๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ชฝ, eye contact

โ— preventing wrong sugery

- verifying(ํ™•์ธ)

- physically marking

- time out before procedure : ์ผ๋‹จ ๋ฉˆ์ถค!(์ž์œ ๋กญ๊ฒŒ ํ† ๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ„์œ„๊ธฐ)

- ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ํ›„ ์†”์งํ•˜๊ฒŒ, ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ์ธ์ง€ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชป ํ–ˆ๋”๋ผ๋„ ์ˆจ๊ธฐ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ , ์ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ, immediately

: rebuilding ๊ด€๊ณ„

โ— ๋…ธํ™”

- blue, green ๊ตฌ๋ณ„ ๋ชปํ•จ(์ •์ƒ)

โ— ๋…ธ์ธ pain

- pain ์ž˜ ์ฐธ๋Š”๋‹ค X โ†’ pain ์ž˜ ๋Š๋‚Œ

- pain์€ ๋…ธํ™”์˜ ๊ณผ์ •์œผ๋กœ ์ธ์ง€ ํ‘œํ˜„ ์ž˜ ์•ˆํ•จ

- ๊ฑฑ์ •๋˜์„œ ๋ง ์ž˜ ์•ˆํ•จ(ํฐ ๋ณ‘์ผ๊นŒ๋ด ์ˆจ๊น€, ๋ฏธ์•ˆํ•ด์„œ ์ˆจ๊น€)

- self report pain tool ์‚ฌ์šฉ (repeatํ•ด์„œ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ด„, ํ•œ๋ฒˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ€์กฑ, ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ๋Š๋ฆผ)

- pain๋‹จ์–ด๋ณด๋‹ค ache, sore, hurt ๋‹จ์–ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ

- ์•ฝ ๋ณต์šฉ์‹œ S/E ์ฃผ์˜

- ์•ฝ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ

- ๋งŒ์„ฑ pain ์ œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ฃผ๊ธฐ

- ๊ฐ„ํ—์  pain ์•„ํ”„๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์ฃผ๊ธฐ

โ— ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์ง„๋‹จ

- ์˜ํ•™์ ์ง„๋‹จX

- ๋ฌธ์ œ๋‚ด์šฉ๋งŒ ๋ณด๊ณ  ๋‹ต๋‚ด๊ธฐ(์ง„๋‹จ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•˜๋ฉด ๋‹ต์ด ํ™•์žฅ๋จ)

- ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์ฃผํ˜ธ์†Œ ์ง‘์ค‘(chief complain)

โ— DNR, allow natural death

- Allow natural death : comfort care๋งŒ, ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ๋‹ค X

- DNR : Resucial, CPR X, tube feeding ๋“ฑ O

- ER์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ํŠน๋ณ„ํ•œ ์กฐ๊ฑด(terminal pt ๋“ฑ) ์•„๋‹Œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ผ๋‹จ CPR

- ์„ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ : opiod, O2, bronchodilator, diuretic, anticholinergic / ๋น„์•ฝ๋ฌผ : cool air,

position change

โ— AD(Advance Directives)

- ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”ํ•ด์•ผ๋˜๋ฉฐ ๋ฌธ์„œํ™”๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ๋˜์—ˆ์„ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋Œ€๋ฆฌ์ž(๋ฐฐ์šฐ์ž, ์„ฑ์ธ์ž๋…€, ๋ถ€๋ชจ)๊ฐ€ ๊ฒฐ์ •

- ๊ณ ์ง€์˜ ์˜๋ฌด๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Œ(๋™์˜/๋ฏธ๋™์˜๊ด€๋ จ ๊ธฐ๋ก์„ ๋‚จ๊น€)

- DNR, organ donation ์ด ํฌํ•จ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ

โ— conset inform : 18yโ†‘, ์˜จ์ „ํ•œ ์ •์‹ 

- Minor's doctrine : 15yโ†‘ : ER/ STD,HIV, ํ”ผ์ž„ / chemical dependent์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ

- emoncipated minor : self support๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๋‚˜์ด ์ƒ๊ด€ X (๋ฒ•์›ํŒ๊ฒฐ, ๊ฒฐํ˜ผ,์ถœ์‚ฐ,๊ตฐ๋Œ€,

๊ณ ๋“ฑํ•™๊ต ์กธ์—… ๋“ฑ)

โ— QI PDCA

- Plan โ†’ Do โ†’ Check โ†’ Act โ†’ Plan .....

- Plan : 3Q what, how, what change

modified

F ind

O rganize

C larify

U nderstand

S election

P lan : FOCUS plan ์ „๋‹จ๊ณ„ or plan ๋‹จ๊ณ„

D o : ์ž๋ฃŒ๋ถ„์„

C heck : ์ž๋ฃŒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ•ด์„ : propose, solution

A ct : adopt, abandon

- ongoing!

positive actual realistic

negative potential unralistic

โ— ๋ฌธ์ œํ’€์ด์‹œ tip

ex) ์น˜๋ฃŒ์‹œ ํšŒ๋ณต ํ™•๋ฅ ์ด 30%

- positivie : ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด 30%๋Š” ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์„ธ์š”

- negative : ์น˜๋ฃŒ์•ˆํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด 70%๋กœ ์ž˜๋ชป๋˜์š” ๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ˆ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•˜์…”์•ผ๋˜์š”

โ— ์žฌ๋‚œ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ

- 3d water 1Gallon/person/d (replace q3mon)

- 3d non-perishable food (replace q6mon)

- 1st aid kit

- prescription drug(adequate supply)

- battery radio

- flash light

- ID

- emergency contact

- meeting place

- allergy, medical information

โ— ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ๊ต์œก

- ๋ถ€๋ชจ์™€ ๋–จ์–ด์ง

- ๋น„๋ฐ€๋ณด์žฅ(but limit : ๋ฒ•๋ฅ ์ , abuse)

- ๊ฐ๊ด€์„ฑ ์œ ์ง€

- ๊ด€์‹ฌ, topic ์‚ฌ์ •

- open ended question

โ— advocater(์˜นํ˜ธ์ž)

: ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ€๋ณ€, ์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๋‹ค์ค˜์„œ ์ž๊ธฐ๊ฒฐ์ •๊ถŒ(๊ฐ•ํ™”)

- autonomy, fidelity(ํ™˜์ž๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•จ, ์ถฉ์ •, ์•ฝ์†)

- ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘ respect

โ— RN, LPN, UAP

RN(Registered nurse) : Assess, Plan, Education, Evaluate, IV meds(ATB, Chemo, PCA

etc.)

LPN(Licensed practical nurse) : reeducation, tube care, wound care, IM, SQ, PO, ์ •๊ธฐ

์ ์ธIV med

UAP(unlicensed assistive personal) : assist(feeding, dress, transfer, V/S, empty bag

etc)

LPN, UAP : stable, routine, chronic Pt

โ— ๋ถˆ๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ & ์†Œํ™”๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฒ•

๋ถˆ๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ

R escue, remove

A larm

C onfine

E xtinguish

์†Œํ™”๊ธฐ

P ull the pin

A im at the base

S queeze

S wap

โ— 5 right (์—…๋ฌด์ง€์‹œ)

Rt person ์‚ฌ๋žŒ

Rt task ์—…๋ฌด

Rt circumstance ์ƒํ™ฉ

Rt supervision ๊ฐ๋…

Rt direction ์ง€์‹œ

โ— SBAR : communication ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•

I dentify

S ituation : ํ˜„์žฌ์ƒํƒœ, ์ƒํ™ฉ

B ackground : ์–ธ์ œ ์ž…์›, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ ฅ, ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋ ฅ, ๋ณต์šฉํ–ˆ๋˜ ์•ฝ, ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ†ต์ฆ

A ssessment : ์‚ฌ์ •ํ•œ ๊ฒƒ

R ecommendation

MED

โ— Sulfa๊ณ„์—ด(๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ, UTI ๋•Œ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ, ์ž˜ ๋“ค์Œ)

S/E

-BMD, nephrotoxicity, photosensitivity

๋ณต์šฉ๋ฒ• : empty stomach

์ƒ์Šน ํšจ๊ณผ

- warfarin, sulfonyluria(๋‹น๋‡จ์•ฝ, gli-,gly-), penytoin

cross react(์•Œ๋Ÿฌ์ง€)

- sulfonyluria, thiazide, loop

โ— Nitrofurantoin

- long term UTI

- S/E) : G-I distress(with meal), pul reaction โ†’ stop(2~3์ผ ๋’ค ์†Œ์‹ค), BMD, peripheral

neuropathy

- urin-brown(๊ธฐ๋Œ€์ฆ์ƒ)

โ— ๋ฐ˜์ฝ”๋งˆ์ด์‹  S/E

- ototoxicity : tinnitus

- nephrostoxicity

- BMD

- G-I distress

- photosensitivity

- Kโ†“

- redman syndrome(IVํˆฌ์—ฌ์‹œ 60๋ถ„์ด์ƒ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ํˆฌ์—ฌ)

โ—๊ณจ๋‹ค๊ณต์ฆmed : ~dronate

S/E)

- G-I(esophagitis)

- bone joint pain(jaw)

๋ณต์šฉ)

- empty stomach with ๋ฌผ

- sit 30min after

โ— Epogen : BM์ž๊ทน hemoglobin ์ƒ์„ฑ

- Hb 12์ด์ƒ ์‹œ hold : clot์— ์˜ํ•œ sudden death ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

โ— psyllium

: bulk forming laxative(๋ณ€ ๋ถ€ํ”ผโ†‘), mild laxative ๋ฌผ ์„ญ์ทจ ๅคš ํ•„์š”

โ— raloxifene

- ๊ณจ๋‹ค๊ณต์ฆ ์•ฝ : non bisphosphonate ๊ณ„ํ†ต SERM, ๊ณต๋ณต์— ๋ณต์šฉ

- antiestrogen ์—ญํ•  : Hot flush ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€์ง€ X, Breast cancer ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ ๋ฐ ํ™”ํ•™์š”๋ฒ•

โ— DMARD's ์ž๊ฐ€๋ฉด์—ญ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ(ex ๋ฅ˜๋งˆํ‹ฐ์Šค ๋“ฑ)

- Adalmumab, Etenercept, Infliximab

โ— baclofen : skeleton muscle relaxaion(๊ทผ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ๊ณ„ ์ด์™„, ์ง„ํ†ต)

โ— Clonidine : BPโ†“

โ— tyrenol overdose : 4g/d

โ—Med

- GERD : pantoprazole, 40mg/d, Max 240mg/d

- atorvastatin(๊ณ ์ง€ํ˜ˆ์ฆ) : 10~20mg/d, Max 40mg/d

- metformin(๋‹น๋‡จ์•ฝ) : 500mg BID/d, 850mg QD/d

- Isinopril(ACE inhibitor) : 20~40mg/d

โ— metformin(๋‹น๋‡จ์•ฝ)

- Cr(0.6~1.3) ์ •์ƒ

- lactic acidosis์ฃผ์˜(kidney function)

- angiography 48hr ์ „/ํ›„ ์ค‘๋‹จ โ†’ ์‹ ์žฅ๊ณผ๋ถ€ํ™”(lactic acidosis)

- 500mg BID/d, 850mg QD/d

โ— Mg ํˆฌ์—ฌ

- siezure ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ

- CNS depression : DTRโ†“(+2๊ฐ€ ์ •์ƒ/ 0,+1 : hyporeflex / +3,+4 : hypereflex), RRโ†“์ฃผ

์˜๊ด€์ฐฐ7

โ— Metronidazole

๊ธฐ๋Œ€์ฆ์ƒ : metallic taste, uring dark, reddish brown

S/E

- G-I, N/V/D, with milk, meal

- nephrotoxicity

- neurotoxicity(peripheral neuropathy) : notify if numbness, tingling โ†’ conversion

- disulfiram๊ฐ™์€ ํšจ๊ณผ : ์ˆ  ๋Š๋Š”์•ฝ(์‹ฌํ•œ ๋‘ํ†ต) X alcohol

- Allergic reaction

- X preg, breat feeding

Heparin warfarin

๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšจ๊ณผ)

PTT 28~35 sec

INR 1.5~2.5๋ฐฐ

antidote : protamin sulfate

๊ธฐ๋Œ€ํšจ๊ณผ

PT 11~12.5sec

INR 1.5~2๋ฐฐ

antidote : Vit K

preg. ๊ธˆ๊ธฐ

4G : ginseag, ginko, garlic, ginseag โ†‘

clot factor : 2,7,9,10 ์ž‘์šฉ

onset : 12~24hr

peak : 1.5~4d

duration : 3~5d

q3 month f/u ํ”ผ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ํ•„์š”

โ— PUD med (Peptic ulcer disease)

Antiacid : neutrolize HCl

- Mg : S/E diarrhea

- Ca : S/E constipation

- Al : S/E constipation

- NaHCO3 : S/E metabolic alkalosis

mucosal protectant

H2 antagonis(~tidine) : HCl ๋ถ„๋น„โ†“

proton pump inhibitor(~prazole) : HCl ๋ถ„๋น„โ†“

โ— Thrombolytic

๊ธˆ๊ธฐ)

- intracranial, spinal OP 2month ์ด๋‚ด

- thoracic, Pelvic, abd OP 10day ์ด๋‚ด

- Hx of hepatic, renal Dz

- uncontrolled HTN

med)

- Alteplase

- Tenecteplase

- Drotrecogin alfa

MI 4~6hr ์ด๋‚ด ํˆฌ์—ฌ : ํˆฌ์—ฌ ํ›„ bleeding ๊ด€์ฐฐ

CVA(cerebrovascular accident) 3hr ์ด๋‚ด ํˆฌ์—ฌ : BPโ†“, RRโ†‘, PRโ†‘, BTโ†‘

โ— Heparin, Warfarin

wafarin, heparin : INR(0.8~1.2sec)

โ— enoxaparin : heparin ์œ ์‚ฌ์ œ

- SQ, antidote(protamin sulfate), pork allergy (ํˆฌ์—ฌ X)

โ— sulfonylurea(๋‹น๋‡จ์•ฝ)

- glimepried, glipizide, glyburide

S/E)

- N/V/D, HA, hepatotoxicity, photosensitivity, disulfiram ํšจ๊ณผ(alcohol X)

cross act) sulfa ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ

โ— antiplatelet(clopidogel)

indicate)

- stroke, MI, unsatble angina

S/E)

- G-I distress(with meal, QD)

- hepatotoxicity(LFT f/u)

- bleeding(hold 5~7d before operation)

- not with PPIs(~prazole) ์•ฝํšจ๊ณผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ด

โ— loop diuretics

- Bumetamide, furosemide(lasix)(onset : 5min / peak : 30min / duration : 2hr)

S/E)

- Na, K, Ca, Mg โ†“

- PLTโ†“

- ototoxicity

- photosensitivity

- morning with food (๋ฐค์— ๋ณต์šฉ์‹œ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋ฐฉํ•ด)

- Kโ†“ : digoxin, lithium toxicity ์ฃผ์˜

Diet)

- K ๅคš : baked potato, avocado etc.

โ— thiazide(~thiazide)

S/E)

- K, Naโ†“, Caโ†‘, glucoseโ†‘(์ธ์Š๋ฆฐ ๋ฏผ๊ฐ๋„โ†“)

- photosensitivity

- K : digoxin, lithium toxicity ์ฃผ์˜

- cross react with sulfa

- BUN/Cr : UO

- take with food(์•„์นจ)

โ— K retaining diuretics

- amiloride, spironolactone(Aldacton), Triamterene

S/E)

- G-I distress(with meal)

- photosensitivity

- BMD

โ— ACE inhibitor(~pril)

- HF, HTN ์ ์šฉ

- steroid์˜ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์ž‘์šฉ(Na+H2O โ†“, Kโ†‘)

S/E)

- HF

- angioedema(์–ผ๊ตด, ๋ˆˆ), allergic react ๋น„์Šท(ER) Tx) antihistamine, epinephrine, steroid

- dysrhythmia, nephrotoxicity

- BPโ†“, BSTโ†“, tasteโ†“(์ž…๋ง›โ†“)

- Kโ†‘, PRโ†‘, BMD, HA, Dz, fatigue

- insomnia

- persistence cough : ARB's(์œ ์‚ฌ์•ฝ) ~sartan

- empty stomach, crushing ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

- preg X

โ— CCB(~dipine)

- diltiazam, verapamil

- Ca(๋ง์ดˆํ˜ˆ๊ด€์ˆ˜์ถ•), CCB(๋ง์ดˆํ˜ˆ๊ด€์ด์™„, ์‹ฌ์ˆ˜์ถ•๋ ฅ ์•ฝํ™”)

ํšจ๊ณผ)

- vasodilation, โ†“ cardiac contractility, slow SA-AV conduct(์„œ๋งฅ)

indication)

- A-fib, flutter, HTN, unstable angina

S/E)

- dysrhythmia

- peripheral edema

- hepatotoxicity

- G-I distress

- โ†“BP(SBP 90โ†“ noti), โ†“PR(50โ†“ noti)

- HA, Dz, confusion, drowsiness

- with or without food, but! ๊ฐ™์€์‹œ๊ฐ„์— ๋ณต์šฉ crush X, grape X

interact med)

- CCB๊ฐ€ medํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ โ†‘๋Š” ์•ฝ๋“ค : theophyll~, ฮฒ-blocker, digoxin, lithium, cyclosporin,

~statin, steroid

- CCB์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์˜ฌ๋ ค์ฃผ๋Š” med : cimetidine, H2 blocker

โ— ฮฒ-blocker(~lol)

ฮฒ1 : ์‹ฌ์žฅ์ž๊ทน blocker : HRโ†“(50โ†“ stop)

ฮฒ2 : bronchodilator blocker : bronchospasm(caution Asthma)

indicate)

- HTN, prevent migraine HA

- bronchospasm (caution Asthma)

- mask Sx of hypoglyemia (DM ์ฃผ์˜)

- impotence, libidoโ†“

- avoid OTC, alcohol

- ์‹์‚ฌ์ „, ์ž๊ธฐ์ „(๊ฐ™์€์‹œ๊ฐ„), crush๊ดœ์ฐฎ

โ— ฮฑ : ๋ง์ดˆํ˜ˆ๊ด€์ˆ˜์ถ•

ฮฑ-blocker : ๋ง์ดˆํ˜ˆ๊ด€์ด์™„, doxazosin

Tx) for BPH(์ƒ์‹๊ธฐ์ˆœํ™˜โ†‘)

S/E)

- tarchycardia

- GI N/D/V/C

- drowsiness

- nasal congestion

- edema, wt gain

- HA, dry mouth

- nightmare

โ— digoxin

- cardiac contractilityโ†‘, pump ์ˆ˜์ถ•๋ ฅโ†‘ : COโ†‘, UOโ†‘, HRโ†“(noti 60โ†“)

indication)

- HF, cardiogenic shock, A-fib, A-flutter

contradiction(๊ธˆ๊ธฐ)

- vent. dysrhythmia

caution)

- kidney dz

- Kโ†“ ์ง€์—ฐ toxicity

S/E)

- HA, drowsiness, confusion, BPโ†“

toxocity

- dysrhythmia

- G-I(A/N/V/D~~)

- neuro(ํŠนํžˆ ์‹œ์‹ ๊ฒฝ, blurred vision, halo vision)

- ์ ˆ๋Œ€ mix X

- q12hr

- empty stomach

- pulse Infant 100โ†“, Toddler90โ†“, childโ†“ (hold)

- refil(2์ผ์ „์—๋Š” ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ์ค€๋น„)

- ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์šฉ๋Ÿ‰ ํˆฌ์—ฌ์œ„ํ•ด syringe

- digoxin toxicity(Kโ†“) : visual disturbance, G-I distress

โ— NTG ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ํ™•์žฅ์ œ

ํ˜•ํƒœ

acute) : sl, spray, IV

chronic) : PO(imdur), patch, ointment

sl)

- sting(์ฐŒ๋ฆฟ), burn(ํ›„๋ˆ) : ์ •์ƒ(fresh), 5๋ถ„๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ/3ํšŒ

- ์ฐจ๊ด‘๋ณ‘ ๋ณด๊ด€, expire 6month

S/E)

- HA(๋ฐœํ˜„์‹œ tyrenol๋ณต์šฉ), orthostatic hypotension, Dz, weakness, N/V, confusion,

hepatotoxicity(alcohol X)

- โ†‘ effect of ฮฒ-blocker(~lol), diuretics, CCB(~dipine), ํ˜ˆ์••์•ฝ : BPโ†“ ์ฃผ์˜

patch)

- 10~12hr ์ •๋„ patch fee hour ํ•„์š”, prevent tolerance (์ฃผ๋กœ ๋‚ฎ์— ๋ถ™์ž„, stress ๅคš )

๋ถ™์ด๋Š” ์ˆœ์„œ (patch๋ฅ˜๋“ค ๋‹ค ์ด๋Ÿผ)

1) clean & dry skin

2) remove old patch

3) apply new patch & press palm 10 sec

4) date & time ๊ธฐ๋ก

ointment)

- ๊ฐ€์Šด, ๋ณต๋ถ€, thigh ๋“ฑ(์›€์ง์ž„โ†“, ํก์ˆ˜์†๋„๋–„๋ฌธ), ํ„ธ์—†๋Š”๊ณณ

โ— Nesiritde(Natracor) : vasodilator

indiacation) : HF

S/E) : BPโ†“, dysrhythmia, Dz, confusion, insomnia

โ— amiodarone

indication) : A-fib,flutter, V-tach,fib, SVT(supraventricula tachycardia) : ๋น ๋ฅธ ๋ถ€์ •๋งฅ

S/E)

- bradycardia

- N/V

- pul. fibrosis(dyspnea, cough)

- photosensitivity

- corneal deposit(๊ฐ๋ง‰์นจ์ „๋ฌผ)

- hepatotoxity

- peripheral neuropathy

- blurred vision

โ— Dopamin : adrenargic (COโ†‘ โ†’ UOโ†‘)

ฮฑ : vasoconstraction : BPโ†‘

ฮฒ1 : cardiac stimulation : PRโ†‘

- BPโ†‘, BPโ†“(๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์ž๊ทน๋˜์„œ ๋ถ€์ •๋งฅ), PRโ†‘(palpitaion)

โ— ~statin : chol synthesisโ†“ In liver(์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ฐค์— ํ•ฉ์„ฑโ†’ evening์— ๋ณต์šฉ)

HMG-CoA(cholesterol ์ „๊ตฌ์ฒด, ํ™˜์›ํšจ์†Œ)์–ต์ œ

S/E)

- G-I(N/V/D/C)

- blurred vision(cataract)

- photosensitivity, photophobia

- hepatotoxicity

- muscle toxicity

- not with grape fruit

- X alcohol, preg

โ— orlistant : ์‚ด๋นผ๋Š” ์•ฝ, manage obesity

- lipase inhibitor( with each meal)

- fat free, skip meal์‹œ ๋ณต์šฉ X

- low fat diet (30%โ†“)

- vit. mineral โ†‘

- 2hrs apart ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์•ฝ

โ— ezetimibe(zetia) : ์†Œ์žฅ์—์„œ chol ํก์ˆ˜์–ต์ œ

- ๊ณต๋ณต์— ๋ณต์šฉ

S/E) : G-I distress

โ— cholestyramine(questran) : LDL, chol โ†“ ์—ญํ• , bind with bile in GI

- QD or BID (์‹์‚ฌ๋ž‘ ์ƒ๊ด€ X ๋ณต์šฉ), pruritus โ†“ ํšจ๊ณผ๋„ ์žˆ์Œ, preg X

S/E) : N/V/C, PUD, steatorrhea, vit Kโ†“(bleeding,tarry stool)

โ— migraine pain med

abate, Sx) PRN)

- ~triptan

- vasodilator, inflammationโ†“, pain transmissionโ†“

- ASAP

- SQ, nasal spray, oralๅคš(repeat๊ฐ€๋Šฅ 2hr ์ฆ์ƒ์™„ํ™”X)

- preg, MI, chest pain X (brest feeding ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ, but SQ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 8hr ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ)

- ๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ X : SSRI, MAOI inhibitor, St joint herb

์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์  prevent

- ~Inderal(SSRI, TCA)

โ— methylphenidate(Ritalin)

- ADHD med : CNS stimulant (norepi-,dopamin ์˜ํ–ฅ)

- ์•„์นจ์— ๋ณต์šฉ(insomnia)

- with meal or before meal

- Wt ์ฃผ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ธก์ •(์„ฑ์žฅ๋ฌธ์ œ)

โ— benzodiazepine๊ณ„

- antianxiety : CNS GABAโ†‘ ์ง„์ •ํšจ๊ณผ

- short term(2wk)

- CNS depression : drowsiness, sedation, dizziness, ataxia(์šด๋™์‹ค์กฐ)

S/E) : dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, urine retention (antilcholinergic, ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ

์•ฝ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„)

- antagonist : flumazenil(IV)

- ~zepam(lorazepam etc.), ~zolam(alprazolam etc.)

โ— non-benzo๊ณ„

- zolpidem, busprione : dependent X(์žฅ๊ธฐ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ, 3wk์ •๋„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํšจ๊ณผ ๋ฐœํ˜„)

โ— ์ž๋ชฝ(grape fruit) X med

- barium, SSRI, ํ•ญ๊ฒฝ๋ จ์ œ(tegretol)

- CCB, ~statin, amiodarone, cyclosporin(๋ฉด์—ญ์–ต์ œ์ œ), antiviral(~vir)

โ— SSRI : fluoxetine, paroxetine, citalopram, sertraline, fluvoxamine, escitalopram

lithium ์‹ ์žฅ ์žฌํก์ˆ˜โ†‘or๋ถ„

๋น„โ†“toxicityโ†‘

diuretic

SSRI(fluroxetine)

NSAIDs

์žฌํก์ˆ˜โ†“or๋ถ„๋น„โ†‘ ํšจ๊ณผโ†“

acetazolamide(๊ณ ์‚ฐ๋ณ‘)

aminophyline(์ด๋‡จ์ œ)

sodium bicarbonate

salt intakeโ†‘

โ— morphine

S/E) : CNS depression : DTR, BP, RR โ†“ (12ํšŒ ์ดํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ธธํ•ญ์ œ:์•Œ์ผ€์ธ)

โ— Lithium

- mood stablizer

- PO ( IV X)

- ํ•˜๋ฃจ 2ยท~3ํšŒ

- GI ํก์ˆ˜ / kidney ๋ฐฐ์ถœ

- not addicted(์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ)

- thyroid๋ฐฉํ•ด(6~18month์‚ฌ์šฉ์‹œ hypothyrodism๊ฐ€๋Šฅ)

- 1~2wk ๋’ค ํšจ๊ณผ(shorterm์œผ๋กœ haloperidol๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ์‚ฌ์šฉ)

- Na๊ณผ ๊ฒฝ์Ÿ๊ด€๊ณ„(Na ํ‰์†Œ๋Œ€๋กœ ์„ญ์ทจ) / peanut butter Naๅคš

- ๋ฌผ 2~3L

- preg X / breast feeding O

S/E)

- body image : wt. gain

- cardiac : EKG

- CNS : fine motor tremor, fatigue, HA, lethargic, dullness

- Skin : acne

- Endo : hypothyroidism

- renal : polyuria, polydipsia, edema

- GI : irritation(anorexia), abd.cramp, mild N/V/diarrea

- ์กฐํ˜ˆ๋ฐฉํ•ด : CBC ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ž์ฃผ ์ดํ›„ q3month f/u

๋ชจ์„ฑ

โ— Breast cancer risk factor

- ageโ†‘

- white

- family Hx(genetic factor : BRCA, BRCA2)

- early menarch(12์„ธ), late menopause(55์„ธ)

- pre. breast, uterine, ovarian Ca

- nulliparity(์ž„์‹ X), late 1st childbirth(30์„ธโ†‘)

- obesity, radiation, alcohol, smoking

- HRT(hormone replacement therapy), oral pill

- menopause

- DES(estrogen)

- densetissue breast

โ— mamography : X-ray๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

- LMP(pregํ™•์ธ)

- avoid caffeine (~2day, fluid retention์œผ๋กœ ๋ถˆํŽธ๊ฐ)

- 1wk after mens(๊ฐ€์žฅ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ข‹์Œ)

- X cream, powder, deodrant, antiperspirant(๊ทธ๋ฆผ์ž์ ธ์„œ ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ ๋ถ€์ •ํ™•)

- 40y๋ถ€ํ„ฐ q1~2y ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

โ— amniocentesis(์–‘์ˆ˜๊ฒ€์‚ฌ)

- 20์ฃผ ์ด์ „ ์†Œ๋ณ€ ๋ณด๊ธฐ X, 20์ฃผ ์ดํ›„ ์†Œ๋ณ€O

- consent(invasive procedure)

- FHR monitor q15min

- 30~40min close monitor after test ํ›„ ๊ท€๊ฐ€

- Rh(-) : Rhogam ์‹œํ–‰

Cx)

- hemorrage, Infection, Abrutio placenta(abd.pain), Rh(-)

โ— NST(non-stress test) : fetal wellbeing

- FHR(ultrasound transidure)

- fetal movemet(tocodynamometer)

- SFP

- reactive : ์ •์ƒ(20๋ถ„๊ฐ„, 15ํšŒ, 15sec์ด์ƒ, 2ํšŒโ†‘) / non reactive ๋น„์ •์ƒ โ†’ CST

CST(FHR-contraction)

- LD(ํ›„๊ธฐํ•˜๊ฐ•) O : abnormal / X : normal

โ— lochia

- rubra : ~3d, bright red

- serosa : ~10d, brownish, pink

- Alba : ~2wk, white

โ— Rhogam mother(Rh-), Fetus(Rh+)

- Ab ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ์ „์— ํˆฌ์—ฌ

- 28wk ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์  ํˆฌ์—ฌ

- ๋ถ„๋งŒ ํ›„ 72hr ์ด๋‚ด ํˆฌ์—ฌ

- coomb's test : Ab -์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ rhogamํˆฌ์—ฌ

direct : ์—„๋งˆ RBC struck Ab

indrect : ์—„๋งˆ floating in serum Ab

- ํˆฌ์—ฌ์‹œ : Aseptic tech, monitoring 20min(์ˆ˜ํ˜ˆ ๋ถ€์ž‘์šฉ)

โ— Pap smear

: X douche, vag med., sex 24hr

โ— ์ž„์‹ ์‹œ ์‹ ์ฒด๋ณ€ํ™”

- plasma volume 50%(1250ml)โ†‘

- 1st stage : 1Ib/mon

- 2nd stage : 1Ib/wk

- 3rd stage : 0.5Ib/wk

- wt : under wt(27~39Ib)/over wt(15~25Ib)/ 25~35Ib normal

- cal : pren + 300 (lactate + 200)

โ— Downsyndrome

- screening : ฮฑ-feto protein

- confirm : amniocentesis, ์œต๋ชจ๋ง‰๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

โ—colposcopy

- X schedule during mens period

- X sex, tampon, douch, vag (1~2d before), biopsyํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 1wk ์‚ฌ์šฉ X

- empty bladder

- mild cramp, spotting dark/black discharge few days(๊ธฐ๋Œ€ ์ฆ์ƒ)

โ— postpartum

- blue : 5์ผ์ฐจ peak, 10์ผ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ์•„์ง, 50% ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

- depression : 2wk~12month, ์•ฝ๋ฌผ ๋ฐ ECT์น˜๋ฃŒ

- psychosis : delusion, hallucination etc. ์ •์‹ ๊ณผ์  ์ฆ์ƒ๋ฐœํ˜„, antipsychotic med ๋ฐ lithium ์น˜๋ฃŒ

โ— ฮฑ-feto protein screening

โ†‘ : spinal bifida, anencephaly(๋ฌด๋‡Œ์ฆ)

โ†“ : down syndrome

โ— ์ œ๋Œ€ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ

- ์•ˆ ๋งŒ์ง€๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์ตœ์„ 

- ~24hr๊นŒ์ง€ clamp์ ์šฉ

- ์˜ค์—ผ์‹œ ์ฃผ๋ณ€ ๋ฌผ+๋น„๋ˆ„ ์†Œ๋…

- 10~14d ๋–จ์–ด์ง

gluten substitue cereal

wheat

rey(ํ˜ธ๋ฐ€)

oat(๊ท€๋ฆฌ)

barley(๋ณด๋ฆฌ)

cereal

fillers

rice

corn

millet(์ˆ˜์ˆ˜)

potato

buckwheat(๋ฉ”๋ฐ€)

tapioca

์•„๋™

โ— Baby feeding

๋ฐฐ๊ณ ํ””

- smacking(์ฉ์ฉ), ์†๋นจ๊ธฐ, ์† ์–ผ๊ตด์ชฝ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋ฉด ๋Œ๋ฆผ, cooling sound, ๊ฐ€์Šด์ฐพ๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ณ ๊ฐœ๋Œ

๋ฆผ, ํ˜€๋‚ด๋ฐ€๊ธฐ, crying(๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ํ–‰๋™)

๋ฐฐ๋ถ€๋ฆ„

-์ž…๋‹ซ๊ธฐ, ๊ณ ๊ฐœ๋Œ๋ฆผ(๊ฐ€์Šด๋ฐ˜๋Œ€), ๋จน๋‹ค ๋”ด์ง“(์•„๋น ์ณ๋‹ค๋ณด๊ธฐ)

โ— rectal enema, irrigation

์˜จ๋„ : ์‹ค์˜จ, ์ฒด์˜จ but ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ๊ฒƒ X

enema : Infant 150-200cc, 1inch(2.5cm)

irrigation : 10~20cc/kg(๊นจ๋—ํ•ด์งˆ๋•Œ๊นŒ์ง€), 4inch์ด์ƒ, 60cc syringe์— 20cc ๋‹ด์•„ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต

โ— Celiac disease

- ์†Œ์žฅ์˜ gluten์ด ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ๋ฌด๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€์„œ ์†Œ์žฅ์ด ๋ณ€ํ•จ

- Family Hx, ์ž๊ฐ€๋ฉด์—ญ โ†’ gluten ์ œํ•œ์‹์ด ํ•„์š”

Dx)

- Blood : Ig G, A โ†‘ (screening, ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ƒํƒœํ™•์ธ)

- jejunal biopsy (confirm)

- ์šฐ์œ  ๋ณต์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ but diarrhea ๋ฐ•๋ณต์‹œ lactose intolerance ๋ฐœ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

โ— Lactose Intolerance

- type1, congenital : ์กฐ์‚ฐ(lactase X)

- type2, adult : 5yโ†‘

- type3, secondary : ์‹ฌํ•œ์„ค์‚ฌ ํ›„(lactase ๋น ์ง)

milk allergy : milk protein, 2yโ†“ / LI : carbohydrate, ๋‚˜์ดโ†‘

โ— constipation ์—ฐ๋ น(์†Œ์•„)

- infant : ๋ถ„์œ โ†’solid

- Toddler : sugar & milk ๅคš โ†’ ๋Œ€์žฅ, ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์žฌํก์ˆ˜โ†‘

- schoolage : ํ•™๊ต์ƒํ™œ๋กœ์ธํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๋ณ€์ œํ•œ โ†’ ๋ฐฐ๋ณ€ ์Šต๊ด€

โ— Intussusception(์žฅ์ค‘์ฒฉ์ฆ)

Sx)

- currant jelly stools

- ์ค‘์ฒฉ ์œ„ : hyperactive, ์ค‘์ฒฉ ์•„๋ž˜ : hypoacitve bowel sound

- vomiting

Tx)

- hydrostatic : reduction with barium(์ •์ƒ๋ณ€ ์‹œ ์ค‘์ง€, ์ž๋™์œผ๋กœ ํ’€๋ฆผ), perforatoin ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ

โ— megacolon

Sx)

- constipation, diarrhea, abd.distention, failure to thrive(์„ฑ์žฅ์ง€์—ฐ)

โ— Hirschsprung disease

- nerve missing์ •๋„์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ

mild : ๊ด€๋ฆฌ ํ›„ ์ ์ • op ๋‚˜์ด ๋•Œ ์ˆ˜์ˆ  / severe : op ํ›„ ์ฆ์ƒ ์™„ํ™” ํ›„ ์žฌ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ

โ— lead poisoning

risk)

- ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ์ง‘

- paint(oil ์•ˆ์ข‹์Œ/water(latex, ๊ดœ์ฐฎ)

- ์œ ๋ฆฌ์ƒ‰ ์ง์—…, ์žฅ๋‚œ๊ฐ, ์ง์žฅ ๋“ฑ๋“ฑ

G-I, inhalation intake / kidney ๋ฐฐ์ถœ

โ— PO ๅคš ๋ณต์šฉ

- Poison control center : PCC์ด์šฉ

โ— hernia OP

- diaper๊ตํ™˜(infection ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ), pain : discomfort์ˆ˜์ค€

โ— Rabies Human

- Ig G : 1/2 ์ฃผ์‚ฌ, 1/2 ์ƒ์ฒ˜

- vaccine : 6๋ฒˆ(ASAP, 3d, 7d, 14d, 28d, 90d)

โ— ์‹œ๋ ฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

- allen picture cards(๊ทธ๋ฆผ)

- tubling E

- snellen letter charts(๊ธ€์ž)

- 7y ๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ

โ— ostitis Media(OM, ์ค‘์ด์—ผ)

- ototoxide ์—†๋Š” anti ์‚ฌ์šฉ (ototoxide ์žˆ๋Š” anti : gentamycin)

- hearing ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ๊ฐ์—ผ

โ— hearing test

- ๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ํ™•์ธ(์˜น์•Œ์ด, ์†Œ๋ฆฌ๋ฐ˜์‘, tunning fork(5yโ†‘)

- primary caregiver ์ค‘์š”

- conductive : OM

- sensori neural : ๋ฉ”๋‹ˆ์—๋ฅด, loud music

โ— tonsillectomy

- WBCโ†‘ infection ์‹œ OP hold

- prone position(์˜์‹ X) / fowler, sitting position & side-lying (์˜์‹ O) / X supine

- frequent swallowing(bleeding sign)

๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ)

- PRN) ice collar

- liquid diet

- cool water(ice tea, red๊ณ„ํ†ต X bleeding๊ณผ ํ˜ผ๋™)

- dilluated apple juice ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

โ— Epistaxis(nose bleeding)

prevent)

- humidity

- ๋ฐ”์…€๋ฆฐ์—ฐ๊ณ (ํ˜ธ๋ฐœ๋ถ€์œ„)

- ์ฝ”ํ’€๊ธฐ์ „ N/S๋กœ ์ ์‹œ๊ธฐ

- nose ์ง์ ‘์••๋ฐ•

- sitting, leaning forward

- cold compression

โ— Epiglottitis(ํ›„๋‘๊ฐœ์—ผ)

Sx)

- 4D : Dysphonia(๋ฐœ์„ฑ์žฅ์• ), Dysphagia, Dyspnea, Drooling

- fever

- sudden

- 2~8y

- stridor(์ฒœ๋ช…)

- respiratory acidosis

Tx)

- airway(intubation, ํ•จ๋ถ€๋กœ ๋ชฉ์•ˆ assess X โ†’ spasm ์œ„ํ—˜)

- IV line : anti(swellingโ†“)

โ— LTB(laryngotrachebronchitis) = croup

Sx)

- harsh sound

Tx)

- epi-nebulizer(์ƒ๊ธฐ๋„ ๋„“ํž˜)

- O2 ์ œ๊ณต

- ์ฐฌ๊ณต๊ธฐ(vessle constraction), ์Šต์œค

โ— RSV(respiratory syncytial virus)

- bronchitis(์„ธ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ง€์—ผ), ํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„

Dx)

- RSV : syringe, bulb syringe : N/S nasal washing

- TB : gastric washing

Med)

- ribavirin(inhalation ํˆฌ์—ฌ) : RSV ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚จ ๋ฐฉ์ง€

โ— newborn

- acrocyanosis(๋ง๋‹จ์ฒญ์ƒ‰์ฆ) : vasomotor instability, capillary stasis(์ •์ฒด), high

hemoglobin

- edema : ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด ์ž์—ฐ์†Œ์‹ค 3~4์ผ, ๊ฒฝ๊ณ„ X

- hematoma : 6wk ์ž์—ฐ์†Œ์‹ค, ํ•œ์ชฝ(๊ฒฝ๊ณ„O)

- BT : 36.2~37.2๋„(but 36๋„ โ†“ ๋ฌธ์ œ), cold stress(hypoxia, hypoglycemia)

- ํ™ฉ๋‹ฌ : 24hrโ†“ ์‘๊ธ‰, 5์ผ๊นŒ์ง€ ์ฆ๊ฐ€, billirubin ์ˆ˜์น˜ ํ™•์ธ

- ํƒœ๋ณ€ : 24~48hr ์ •์ƒ

- millia : small, white, sebaceous(forehead, nose, chin), 2์ฐจ๊ฐ์—ผ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์œ„ํ•ด ์งœ๋ฉด X

โ— newborn Vit K

- 8์ผ์ฐจ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ํ•ฉ์„ฑ

- Phytonadione

- 0.5~1mg IM within 1hr ์ถœ์ƒ

- vastus lateralis(์™ธ์ธก๊ด‘๊ทผ)

- preterm : IV diluted (10~15min ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ)

โ— newborn reflex

- Trunk incuration : ~1,2month

- sucking : ~3,4month

- rooting : ~3,4month

- Tonic neck(Fencing) : ~3,4month

- Palmar-plantar grasp : ~3,4month

- walking : ~3,4month

- Extrusion : ~3,4month(์ด์œ ์‹)

- crawing : ~6month

- moro/startle(์†Œ๋ฆฌ) : ~6month/4month

- Babinski's : ~1y

โ— newborn abduction(์œ ๊ดด)

- ID bracelet

- foot print

- photo ID

- ์•„๊ธฐ๋ฐฉ์— ํ˜ผ์ž ๋‘์ง€ X(์ด๋™์‹œ ๊ทผ๋ฌด์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ ค์„œ ํ˜ผ์ž X)

- ์•„๊ธฐ ์นจ๋Œ€๋Š” ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ๋ฉ€๋ฆฌ

- ๋ชจ๋“  ์ง์› bassinet(wheel bed)

- SNS ์•„๊ธฐ ์ž๋ž‘ X

โ— newborn ์ฒด์˜จ์กฐ์ ˆ

- conduction(์ „๋„) : skin to skin(์—„๋งˆ ๋ฐฐ์œ„, ๋”ฐ๋œปํ•œ ํŒจ๋“œ)

- convection(๋Œ€๋ฅ˜) : 23.8~26.1๋„

- vaporation(์ฆ๋ฐœ) : dyring, wrapping

- radiation(๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ) : ์ฐฌ ๋ฒฝ, ์œ ๋ฆฌ์ฐฝ ๊ทผ์ฒ˜ X

โ— newborn pain

circumcision(ring block, nerveblock, Topical:EMLA cream)

During)

- environmental : low noise & light

- non pharmacologic : non nutritive sucking, containent, swadding(๊ฐ์‹ธ๊ธฐ), distraction

- pharmacologic : tylenol(oral, rectal) ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ๋ณต์šฉ, a concetrated glucose solution

After)

- tylenol ~24rh : q4~6hr

โ— newborn MRI

- ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ, No NPO(๋ณต๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ณ ๋ ค)

โ— SIDS(Sudden Infant Death Syndrome)

- ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ : ์ง,๊ฐ„์ ‘ ์•ˆ์ข‹์Œ

- bed share X / room share O

- firm mattress

- prone X, supine or back O

- room overheating X (20~22๋„ ์œ ์ง€)

- teenage ์—„๋งˆ or ๋‚จ์•„ ๊ณ ์œ„ํ—˜

- pacifier O

โ— newborn apnea monitor

- CPR known caregiver

- no extended cod (๋ฐฉ์ „ ๊ธฐ๋ŠฅX)

- baby sitter ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ(๋‹จ, ๊ต์œก๋œ)

- ์ค‘์š”๊ธฐ๊ด€(Emergency center, telephone center, local hot line)์—ฐ๊ฒฐ notify

- ํ•˜๋ฃจ์ข…์ผ ๋ถ€์ฐฉ(๋ชฉ์š•์‹œ lead ๋ชจ๋‘ ๋–ผ๊ธฐ)

- Mid axillery line + 2finger โ†“ (fulltemr/ preterm : 1 fingerโ†“)

โ— kawasaki dizziness

- ์›์ธ : unknown

- lymphnode bit, fever(38.3๋„ ์ด์ƒ)

- aspirin : High dose : until feverโ†“ / low dose : 6~8wk, cardio vascular๋ฌธ์ œ

(~indefinitly)

- IgG : intensiveํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ, 11month ํ›„ MMR ๋“ฑ vaccine์‚ฌ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

โ— hypospadias(์š”๋„ํ•˜ํ˜ˆ)

- ์š”๋„ ๊ตฌ๋ฉ ์ด์ƒ, family Hx, ํฌ๊ฒฝ ์ˆ˜์ˆ X(์ˆ˜์ˆ ์‹œ ๋ณธ์ธ ํ‘œํ”ผ์„ธํฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ๋˜์„œ), ๋Œ€์†Œ๋ณ€ ํ›ˆ

๋ จํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „ ์ˆ˜์ˆ 

โ— Pain scale

- FACES : ์–ผ๊ตด ๋ชจ์–‘ 6๊ฐœ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ณด๋Š” ์ฒ™๋„ 3yโ†‘

- FLACC : Face Legs Activity Cry Consolability Obs์ฒ™๋„ (2m~7y)

- CRIES : Crying Require O2 Increase V/S Expression Sleepless Obs์ฒ™๋„ (2m~7y), newborn

- NRS : ์ˆซ์ž, schoolage

- aucher : ์‚ฌ์ง„+์ ์ˆ˜, 3y~13y

โ— Car seat

rear facing only seat

- infant car seat

- ~20Ibโ†“(20Ib์ด์ƒ์€ X)

- 3-point harness

convertible seat

- ~40,50Ib

- 5-point harness

- inner seat or side ๋‹ด์š”, ๊ธฐ์ €๊ท€

booster seat(๋†’์ด โ†‘)

- 3-point harness(์ž๋™์ฐจ)

- ~8y & 4 feet 9inch

- belt ์†๊ฐ€๋ฝ 1๊ฐœ ์—ฌ์œ ๋ถ„

โ— Reye syndrome

- virus disease(meals, chicken pox)์‹œ asprin ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๋‡Œ,๊ฐ„์˜ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ

: 16yโ†“, no asprin(๊ฐ€์™€์‚ฌํ‚ค ๋ณ‘ ๋ง๊ณ  ์‚ฌ์šฉ X)

โ— spina bifida(์ด๋ถ„์ฒ™์ฃผ)

- 1wk ์ด๋‚ด ์ˆ˜์ˆ 

- latex allergy ์ฃผ์˜

โ— myelomeningocele(์ฒ™์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ง‰ํƒˆ์ถœ์ฆ)

- ์ถœ์ƒ์งํ›„์˜ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ 1์ˆœ์œ„(๊ฐ์—ผ์ฃผ์˜)

- N/S gauze๋กœ ๋ณดํ˜ธ

โ— self care : 6y โ†‘ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

ex) catheterization

โ— ์†Œ์•„ cast

- knee : ~2inch, normal

- ankle : ~3inch, normal

- club foot : ์ˆ˜์ˆ ์•„๋‹Œ cast ๋จผ์ € ์ ์šฉ

โ— coxa plana(๋Œ€ํ‡ด๊ณจ ์œ„๊ฐ€ ํ‰ํ‰)

- ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด ์ž์—ฐ์†Œ์‹ค but ํ™œ๋™์‹œ ์•…ํ™”๋˜์–ด deformity(๊ธฐํ˜•) ์œ ๋ฐœ

โ— ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ‘์ข…

BCG : ์ƒํ›„ / 1~2m / 6~18m : IM (yeast allergy X)

Hepa B : 0m / 1~2m / 6~18m : IM, yest Allergy

Rota : 2m / 4m / 6m ์ดํ›„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋ถˆํ•„์š” (์œ ์ผ PO)

DTaP(์†Œ์•„) : 2m / 4m / 6m /15~18m / 4~6y : IM, S/E TdaP(์„ฑ์ธ) : q 10y

Hib : 2m / 4m/ 6m / 12~15m(meningitis, pneumonia, epiglottis, sepsis ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ) : IM

PCV : 2m / 4m / 6m / 12~15m : IM

Polio(IPV) : 2m / 4m / 6~18m / 4~6y (neomycin, gelatin allerg X) : SQ, preg ์ฃผ์˜

flu : 6m~ : IM, q 1y, egg allergy

MMR : 12~15m / 4~6y : SQ, neomycin, gelatin allergy, live(preg X)

varicella : 12~15m / 4~6y : SQ, neomycin, gelatin allergy, live(preg X)

HePa A : 12~18m : IM

Tip! ์ˆ˜๋‘, MMR, HpA : 12m์ด๋‚ด X / Influ 6m ์ด๋‚ด X

DTaP vaccine(์‚ฌ๋ฐฑ์‹ )

- CNS ์˜ํ–ฅ

- S/E ์ ์ฐจ ๋ˆ„์ (๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ์‹ฌํ•ด์ง)

- 7dโ†“ encephalo pathy(์ค‘์š”)

- 48hrโ†“ 40.5โ„ƒโ†‘

- 48hrโ†“ shock Sx

- 48hrโ†“ โ†‘3hr(crying)

- ~3dโ†“ seizure

MMR (SQ), ํ•ญ์ฒด์น˜๋ฃŒ 3m ์ด๋‚ด X(๊ฐ€์™€์‚ฌํ‚ค๋Š” 11m ์ด๋‚ด X)

Influenza

- ๋งค๋…„ November( virus๋งค๋…„ ๋ฐ”๋€œ)

- inactive : IM 6month ์ด์ƒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ ‘์ข… ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

- live : nasal spray (2~49y, ๋‹ค๋ฅธ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ์—†๋Š” ๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ), 50y~๋ถ€ํ„ฐ๋Š” ๋ฌด์กฐ๊ฑด X,

pregX(๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ mensํ™•์ธ)

๊ธˆ๊ธฐ)

- egg allergy

- GBS(Gurillain Barre Syndrome) in 6wk : virus, ์ž๊ฐ€๋ฉด์—ญ์งˆํ™˜

- active febrile/Dz, ill

PPSV(Pneumococcal PolySaccharide Vaccine)ํ๋ ด๊ตฌ๊ท ๋ฐฑ์‹ 

- 65y ์ด์ „ ๋งž์€ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ 65y ์ดํ›„ 1๋ฒˆ ๋” ์ ‘์ข… ํ•„์š”

- PPSV 23 / PPSV 13

HPV(์ž๊ถ๊ฒฝ๋ถ€์•” ๋ฐฑ์‹ )

- 0mom / 1~2mom / 6mom : 3ํšŒ

๊ธˆ๊ธฐ) : yeast X(ex) HPV, hepa B), preg X (๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰ mens ํ™•์ธ)

Preg X : live๋ฐฑ์‹ (MMR, varicella(์ˆ˜๋‘))

โ— ์•„๋™ IM

- 3y โ†‘ : Deltoid, dorsal gluteal(์—‰๋ฉ์ด)

- 3y โ†“ : VL(vastus lateralis ํ—ˆ๋ฒ…์ง€), VG(ventrogluteal ์ธก์œ„)

โ— Infant milk

1yโ†“ : formulla

1yโ†‘ : whole milk(์œ ์ง€๋ฐฉ์„ญ์ทจํ•„์š”)

2yโ†‘ : skim & low fat milk ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

โ— bully

- middel school ์ด ์ œ์ผ ์‹ฌํ•จ

- bullies(privateํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ‘๊ทผ, ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์„ฑ), victim(buddy system), witness ๋„์›€ ํ•„์š” together X,

๊ฐ๊ฐ!

- ์ง‘์—๋„ ์–˜๊ธฐ ํ•„์š”

โ— earlobe

- 3y โ†“ : down & back

- 3y โ†‘ : up & back

โ— ์•„์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ

2y : ์ผ์ž ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๋‹ค๋งŒ ์›

3y : ์‹ญ์ž ์›

4y : ๋„ค๋ชจ ๋งˆ๋ฆ„๋ชจ

5y : ์„ธ๋ชจ

โ— newborn ๊ฐ€์ •ํ™˜๊ฒฝ

- ์ด์›ƒ์€ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธX

- ์‹๊ตฌ ๅคš : ์ „์—ผ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑโ†‘

- ํŽ˜์ธํŠธ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋œ์ง€ : lead poisoning

- ๋ƒ‰์žฅ๊ณ  ์œ /๋ฌด : ๋ชจ์œ , ๋ถ„์œ  ๋ณด๊ด€

- ์•„ํŒŒํŠธ or ์ฃผํƒ

- ๊ณ„๋‹จ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€? : ์•„์ด ์•ˆ์ „

- ์• ์™„๋™๋ฌผ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€? ์•ˆ์ „ํ•œ์ง€?

- ์• ๊ธฐ์นจ๋Œ€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ (SIDS)

- private caregiver๋ˆ„๊ตฐ์ง€?

CL CP

boy

~100d

girl

1y~ speech๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ ์ „

no prone

cotton swab ๋‹ฆ๊ธฐ(rolling, X rub)

prone(best), discharge ์šฉ์ดํ•˜๊ฒŒ

sip of water

- support ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€(์กฐ๋ถ€๋ชจ ๋“ฑ) : ์‚ฐํ›„์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ๋“ฑ

- ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ๋ƒ‰/๋‚œ๋ฐฉ์€ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€?

- ์ˆ˜์ž…์€ ์–ด๋–ค์ง€?

- ์ฐฝ๋ฌธ์— ๋ฐฉ์ถฉ๋ง์€ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ ?

etc...

โ— ์•„๋™ IV

- forearm, dorsla hand vein(pain) : ๊ทธ๋‚˜๋งˆ ์ข‹์Œ

- scalp : 1yโ†“์ฃผ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ, body image์žˆ๋Š” ์•„๋™ ๋ณ„๋กœ,, ์ถ”์ฒœ ใ„ดใ„ด

- pedis : ๊ฑท๊ธฐ ์ „ ์•„์ด

- upper arm : ํ›„์ˆœ์œ„(์•„๋ž˜ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ X, ์‹ฌ์žฅ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์ด ๊ฐˆ์ˆ˜๋ก ๋ณ„๋กœ,,)

โ— heel stick

: lateral O, calcaneus heel avoid(์‹ ๊ฒฝ ๅคš)

์ˆœ์„œ

1) program device

2) warm the heel

3) assess calcaneus bone

4) clean the heel and dry

5) puncture with the lacnet

6) obtain blood

โ— CL(cleft lip), CP(cleft palate)

Dz

โ— thyroid scan

pre)

- radiographic contrast in 3month

- D/C medication : iodine(OTC ๊ฐ๊ธฐ์•ฝ)

- MN NPO

- during lie down still

- X preg

โ— malignant hyperthermia

- inherited muscular disorder induced by anesthetic agent

- ํ‰์ƒ์‹œ์—” ๋ชจ๋ฆ„, ๋งˆ์ทจ์‹œ ๋ฐœ์ƒ(๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋งˆ์ทจ์•ฝ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์•ผ๋จ)

- muscle contraction, rigidity

- BTโ†‘ : damage CNS, HRโ†‘(115/min), BPโ†“ : cardiac arrest

Tx)

- antidote : Dantrolene sodium(๊ทผ๊ณจ๊ฒฉ์ด์™„์ œ)

โ— Myasthenia gravis(์ค‘์ฆ๊ทผ๋ฌด๋ ฅ์ฆ)

Tx)

- ~stigmine ์ ์šฉ

- Imuran : ๋ฉด์—ญ์–ต์ œ์ œ

- ํ˜ˆ์žฅ๊ตํ™˜(plasma phresis) : MG, MS๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

- cytotoxic๋„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

Myasthenia gravis cirsis

- anticholinesterase, ์‚ผํ‚ค๊ธฐํž˜๋“ฌ(diet๋ณ€๊ฒฝ ํ•„์š”) /

cholinergic crisis(atropine:anticholinergic)

โ— AIDS pcp pneumonia(pneumocysits pneumonia, ํŽ˜ํ‘œ์ž์ถฉํ๋ ด)

- ์ •์ƒ์ธ ์•ˆ๊ฑธ๋ฆผ, immune โ†“ ๋งŒ ๊ฑธ๋ฆผ

- standard precaution

โ— Scabies

- 4์ผ๋™์•ˆ ์•ˆ ๋นจ๊ณ  unseal

- ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ๋ฌผ + ์„ธ์ œ

- ๊ฐ€์กฑ๋„ ๋™์‹œ์น˜๋ฃŒ

โ— cystic fibrosis : exocrine gland(์™ธ๋ถ„๋น„์„ ) ๋ถ„๋น„โ†“(๋ง‰ํžˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ๋ถ„๋น„๊ฐ€ ์›ํ™œํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Œ)

- ์ƒ์—ผ์ƒ‰์ฒด ์—ด์„ฑ

- malabsortion(tinning hair) : ๋ฉด์—ญโ†“, ๊ฐ์—ผโ†‘

- sweat chloride test(non invasive) : 40โ†“:normal / 40~60:suggestive / 60โ†‘:confirm

- foul smell stool

- steatorrhea(์ง€๋ฐฉ๋ณ€)

- COPD๊ฐ™์€ ์ฆ์ƒ(dyspnea, barrled chest)

- ์ง€์šฉ์„ฑ Vit ํก์ˆ˜โ†“ (water misible(์„ž์ด๋Š”) ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ)

Tx)

- flutter valve : secretion ๋ฐฐ์ถœ(๊ณต ํ˜ธ๋ฃจ๋ผ๊ธฐ?)

- enzyme : with meal or before meal 30min / after X

- ํ™•์ธ๋ฒ• : short(๋Œ€๋ณ€ 2~3ํšŒ/d), long(Wt gain)

- high calorie, protein

โ— Rheumatic fever

- streptococuss ํ•˜์ฒด ์ž๊ฐ€๋ฉด์—ญ ๋ฐ˜์‘

- ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ , ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์  ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ex) ์น˜๊ณผ์น˜๋ฃŒ ์ „(๊ฐ์—ผ ์œ„ํ—˜ ๆœ‰)

- chorea(๋ฌด๋„๋ณ‘) : ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด ์†Œ์‹ค, seizure์ฃผ์˜, ์•ˆ์ „, ์‹ฌ์žฅ๋ถ€๋‹ด์ฃผ์˜, ๊ด€์ ˆ ํ†ต์ฆ

โ— ์ €ํ˜ˆ๋‹น

- BST 70โ†“ : 15g simple CHO , 15๋ถ„ ํ›„ BST ์žฌ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ 70โ†‘:๋/โ†“ 15g simple CHO

15/15 : 3๋ฒˆ ํ›„์—๋„ ์ง€์†์‹œ 50%DW ์ ์šฉ

โ— Type 2 DM risk factor

- over wt BMI 25โ†‘

- 45yโ†‘

- HTN, CAD, GDM(9Ibโ†‘)

- HDL 35โ†“, triglyceride 250โ†‘

- polycystic ovarian syndrome(๋‹ค๋‚ญ์„ฑ๋‚œ์†Œ์ฆํ›„๊ทผ)

- inactivity

- ์œ ์ƒ‰์ธ์ข…(Asian, african, hispanic etc.)

โ— Gout diet : low purin diet

X : meat(organ), fish(shell), alcohol

O : fruit, veges, milk, egg, fluidโ†‘

catarat glaucoma

retina

detachment

(๋ง๋ง‰๋ฐ•๋ฆฌ)

mascular

degeneration

(ํ™ฉ๋ฐ˜๋ณ€์„ฑ)

blurred vision O O O O

diplopia O X X X

โ— glaucoma

Acute

- ocular ER

- angle closeure glaucoma, IOP โ†‘

- blurred vision, eye pain

Chronic

- open angle glaucoma

- painless tunnel vision(์ค‘์‹ฌ๋งŒ ๋ณด์ž„) โ†” macular degeneration(๋ฐฐ๊ฒฝ๋งŒ ๋ณด์ž„)

Tx)

ฮฒ-blocker(~lol)

- ์ „์‹ ํก์ˆ˜์ตœ์†Œํ™”(๋ˆˆ๋ฌผ์ƒ˜๋ˆ„๋ฅด๊ธฐ)

- q12hr, skip X

- 10~15min ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ(ํƒ€์•ฝ๋ฌผ)

- asthma, COPD ์ฃผ์˜(airway โ†“)

โ— eye disease Sx

โ— Anterial Venous Fistula

- 4~6wk ํšŒ๋ณต ํ›„ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ(duirng : ball squeezing,pumping ์šด๋™ ์ง€์†)

โ— meningitis : inflammation, irritation, ICPโ†‘

Sx)

- nuchal rigidity, photophobia, HA, vomiting, ์„ฑ์ธ(babinski reflex positive), nausea, muscle

weakness, diarrha(inflammation), kering sign(+,๋ˆ„์›Œ์„œ ๋ฌด๋ฆŽ ๊ตฌ๋ถ€๋ ธ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ํ•„๋•Œ ํ†ต์ฆ), brudzniski sing(+,

๋ˆ„์›Œ์„œ ๋ชฉ๋“ค๋ฉด ๋‹ค๋ฆฌ,hip๊ฐ™์ด ๊ตด๊ณก)

Cx)

- chest petechiae(sepsis ์ฆ์ƒ, ์‘๊ธ‰์ƒํ™ฉ!)

โ— V-P shunt/ventricle-peritoneal shunt(CSF๋ฐฐ์ถœX)

- infection, IICP ์ฃผ์˜

- op ํ›„ 24hr flat positoin

- affected side X, IICP position X(trendelenberg X)

- difficult feeding(appetiteโ†“) : IICP, shunt๋ฌธ์ œ์˜ Sx

- cantract sport X : ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์šด๋™ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

โ— seizure

- ์ง„๋‹จ(EEG)

Tx)

- loosen clothing, suction ์ค€๋น„, side-lying, bed(remove pillow : open airway / ๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ :

pillow or blanket ์ ์šฉ head injury๋ฐฉ์ง€)

- before artificial airway(seizure์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ˜๋ณต์‹œ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ์œผ๋กœ)

- During ์•„๋ฌด๊ฒƒ๋„ ์ ์šฉ X

- O2 ์ ์šฉ

- short acting med : diazepam(benzo๊ณ„์—ด)

โ— scoliosis(์ธก๋งŒ์ฆ)

- hips, ribs, shoulder : asymmetrical

- 90๋„ ํ—ˆ๋ฆฌ ์ˆ™์—ฌ ์–ด๊นจ์„  ํ™•์ธ

- brace ์ฐฉ์šฉ : 16~23hr, ์”ป์„ ๋•Œ ๋นผ๊ณ  ์ฐฉ์šฉ

โ— RA : idiopathic(ํŠน๋ฐœ์„ฑ)

- ์šด๋™ : ์ž๊ฑด๊ฑฐ(์‹ค๋‚ด ์ž์ „๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ๋” ์ข‹์Œ)

- affected joint warm, cold ์ ์šฉ

- firm mattress

- NSAIDs ์†Œ์—ผ 3wk์ด์ƒ ์ ์šฉ์‹œ ์ž‘์šฉ / pain, fever ๊ธˆ๋ฐฉ ์ž‘์šฉ

- MTX(cytotoxic, ํ•ญ์•…์„ฑ์ข…์–‘์ œ), 4~6wk์ ์šฉ์‹œ ํšจ๊ณผ(jt.pain, swellingโ†“), ์ „์—ผ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์ง€์—ญ X

- water bed : pain relief(soft mattress๋ž‘ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„)

โ— osteogenesis Imperfecta(๋ถˆ์™„์ „๊ณจํ˜•์„ฑ)

- ์šฐ์„ฑ์œ ์ „

- ๋ผˆ๊ณจ์ ˆ๋ฐ˜๋ณต ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹ ์ฒด์ , ์ •์‹ ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ(ex) ์ฒญ๋ ฅ์ด์ƒ, ํ‚คโ†“, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋“ฑ)

โ—spica cast

- abduction bar ์žก๊ธฐ X : abduction stabilizer์šฉ

- high fever, ๋ฌผ

- pressure ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ(์ฒด์œ„๋ณ€๊ฒฝ)

- ๋งŒ์งˆ ๋•Œ finger tip X, palm O

- ๋ง๋ฆด ๋•Œ ํ—ค์–ด๋“œ๋ผ์ด๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ X (์•ˆ์— ์•ˆ ๋งˆ๋ฆ„)

- 24~48hr ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ •๋„๋ฉด ๋งˆ๋ฆ„

โ— buck's traction

: q 8hr ํ”ผ๋ถ€์‚ฌ์ •

โ— AIDs ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ด€๋ฆฌ

- daily feber check(Immune ๋ฌธ์ œ, infection์ง€ํ‘œ), 38.0โ„ƒ ์ด์ƒ์‹œ ๋ฌธ์ œ

- ์ƒ๊ณผ์ผ X

- ์™ธ๋ถ€์ธ ๅคš X

- infection๊ฐ€๋Šฅ ์ง‘๋“ค์ด X

- ์• ์™„๋™๋ฌผ ๋ณ€์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ X(๊ฐ€์กฑ์ด ๋Œ€์‹ ), ํ‚ค์šฐ๋ฉด ์‹ค๋‚ด์—์„œ ๊นจ๋—ํ•˜๊ฒŒ, 1yโ†‘ dog, cat O / kitty,

puppy X(์ƒํ•ด๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ, ๋ฐฐ๋ณ€)

- utensil : dishwasher(์ตœ์†Œ 80โ„ƒ์ด์ƒ), ๊ฐœ์ธ์ ‘์‹œ(infection โ†’ AIDs๋ณดํ˜ธ)

- ์‹ฑํฌ๋Œ€ bleach์‚ฌ์šฉ(๋ฌผ + ๋น„๋ˆ„ ๋งŒ X)

- toy share X(AIDs ๋ณดํ˜ธ)

โ— meals(ํ™์—ญ)

- ์–ผ๊ตดโ†’๊ท€๋’ค๋กœ ์ง„ํ–‰, 39.0โ„ƒ, ์ž…์›์น˜๋ฃŒํ•„์š”, kopik's spot(๊ตฌ๊ฐ•๋‚ด ๋ณ‘๋ณ€)

โ— Diphtheria

- Drop precaution, ํ•„์š”์‹œ BR, suction, O2์ œ๊ณต, antiํˆฌ์—ฌ

- gray membrane obs ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋„ ๋ถ€์œ„(์ˆจ์‰ฌ๊ธฐ, ๋จน๋Š” ๊ฒƒ, ๋งํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋ฐœํ˜„)

โ— pertussis(๋ฐฑ์ผํ•ด)

- 100์ผ ๋™์•ˆ ๊ธฐ์นจ ์ง€์†

- drop precaution

Sx) ๊ธฐ์นจ, dehydration

Tx) BR, hydration, anti(Erythromycin)

โ— varicella(์ˆ˜๋‘)

Sx) trunk(๋ชธํ†ต) โ†’ ํผ์ง ์ „์‹  (๋ชธ : ๊ฐ€ํ”ผ, ์–ผ๊ตด : ์ˆ˜๋‘์‹œ์ž‘)

- IPV(live vaccine)

- ๋ฐœ์งˆ 1~2์ผ์ „ ~ crustํ˜•์„ฑ์‹œ ์ „์—ผ์„ฑ O

- itching sense Tx) (oral antihistamine, ์นผ๋ผ๋ฏผ ๋กœ์…˜, ์˜คํŠธ๋ฐ€ bath, nail clean)

- airbone precaution

- rye's syndrome ์ฃผ์˜

โ— scarlet fever(์„ฑํ™์—ด)

- strepcoccus ์›์ธ(rheumatic fever๋„ ์ด๊ฒŒ ์›์ธ), ๋”ธ๊ธฐํ˜€, fever(39.0~40.0โ„ƒโ†‘)

โ— ๋ณด๊ณ ํ•ด์•ผ๋˜๋Š” STD

- AIDs, chancroid(์—ฐ์„ฑํ•˜๊ฐ), chlamydia, gonorrhea(์ž„์งˆ), syphilis(๋งค๋…)

โ— Epstein Barr virus

- ์ „์—ผ ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ : unknown, ์ „์—ผ๋ ฅ : mild(deep kissing, oral)

- ์ž์—ฐ์†Œ์‹ค but spleen๋น„๋Œ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ(ํ„ฐ์ง€๋ฉด ์‘๊ธ‰!)

- 4์ฃผ๊ฐ„ contact sport X

- ์‹ฌํ•œํ™œ๋™ X (์ผ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ)

โ— Amputation

S/E)

- edema, swelling / contraction(์˜์กฑ์ ์‘์— ์ œํ•œ)

Tx)

- ~24hr : elevation(edema&swelling ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ)

- 24hr~ : flat, elastic compress(edema&swelling ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ)

contraction ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ

- AKA(above knee amputation) : hip joint (prone position, 3~4ํšŒ/d, 20~30min)

- BKA(below knee amputation) : knee joint (sitting position)

- lotion, cream, oil X : ์˜์กฑ์ ์šฉ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตณ์€์‚ด ํ•„์š”

โ— ์ „๋ฆฝ์„  ์•” risk factor

- BRCA, BRCA2(BRCA ๋ณ€ํ˜• ์œ ์ „์ž)

- African

- multiple sexual partners(expose to STD)

- fatโ†‘, fiberโ†“

- smoke

- alcohol

โ— Acromegaly(๋ง๋‹จ๊ฑฐ๋Œ€์ฆ) Growth Hโ†‘

Sx)

- coarse face, thickening & protruding Jaw

- visual disturbance

- diaphoresis

- oily rough skin

- organomegaly

- BPโ†‘, HF

- deeping voice(๋ชฉ์š•ํƒ• ์†Œ๋ฆฌ)

โ— TSA(Transsphenoidal Sublabial Adenoidectomy)

Cx)

- ICPโ†‘ : HOBโ†‘

- CSF leakage : leak์‹œ glucose check โ†’ (+) BR, noti(๊ฐ์—ผ์œ„ํ—˜), ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ์ €์ ˆ๋กœ ๋‹ซํž˜

- DI(ADHโ†“) : UOโ†‘, USGโ†“, dehydration(Naโ†‘) - swelling(์ผ์‹œ์ )

- visual disturbance - swelling(์ผ์‹œ์ )

โ— syphillis(๋งค๋…)

Sx) painless skin lesion(chancre, ํ•˜๊ฐ)

โ—hypothyroidism

Sx)

- apathy, lethargy, weakness

- muscleache, paresthesia

- intolerance to cold

- anorexia, wt.gain(๋Œ€์‚ฌโ†“)

- dry skin, hair

- loss of body hair

- V/Sโ†“, constipation(G-Iโ†“)

- puffness(ํ‘ธ์„ํ‘ธ์„), edema around eyes

- forgetfulness(์ž์ฃผ ์žŠ์Œ), CHF, cholโ†‘

- nails : think & brittle (hyper : thin & brittle)

- hoarseness(husk voice)

- anemia

- bruise easily

- amenorrhea / menorrhagia (๋ฐ˜๋ณต)

โ— compartment sydrome(๊ตฌํš์ฆํ›„๊ตฐ)

6P Sx)

P ain

P aresthesia

P alloer

P ararlysis

P ulselessness

P oikilothermia(cooler than other)

โ— THRA(Total Hip Replacement Arthroplasty) ๊ณ ๊ด€์ ˆ์น˜ํ™˜์ˆ 

: Prevent dislocation

- HOB 60๋„โ†“ 6~7day, ํ‡ด์› ํ›„ 90๋„โ†“ 2~3month

- X adduction(๋‚ด์ „) , abduction : pillow(between leg)

- X cross, twist

- raised toilet seat

- X external, internal rotation(๋ฐœ๋ชฉ ์ขŒ์šฐ X)

- reclining wheel chair

- position during sex(depent position : Pt)

- drive X ~6wk

- anticoagulant(Heparin, enoxaparin / warparin : at home)

- supine or unaffected side lying(between leg, pillow)

RA(rheumatoid arthritis) OA(osteoarthritis)

systemic autoimmune Dz

bilateral

young

morning stiffness

pannus(๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์กฐ์ง)

: frozen Jt(์›€์ง์ผ ์ˆ˜ X)

swan neck

lab : RA factor(+)/WBC, ESRโ†‘/Hb,Hctโ†“

(anemia,๊ธฐ์šดx,dizziness)

local

unilateral(wt bearing jt)

old

crepitus(๋งˆ์ฐฐ์Œ)

bouchard node(proximal)

hebetdens node(distant)

โ†‘ pain with activity

โ†“ pain with rest

โ— SLE(systemic lupus erythematosus, ๋ฃจํ‘ธ์Šค๋ณ‘)

Tx)

- topical, systemic corticosteroid

- Aspirin, NSAIDs

- Immunosuppressent

- ์ฆ์ƒ์™„ํ™”

โ— heatstroke(์—ด์‚ฌ๋ณ‘)

- ABC

- ๋นจ๋ฆฌ fever โ†“ ๋ชฉํ‘œ

- ๋ณ‘์›์ด๋ฉด VAD๋กœ cool liquid ์ •์ฃผ

- 39.0๋„๊นŒ์ง€ ๋นจ๋ฆฌ ๋‚ด๋ฆฌ๊ธฐ!

- 37.8๋„ ๋˜๋ฉด cooling Tx stop

- ์˜ท ๋ฒ—๊ธฐ๊ธฐ

- ํ•„์š”์‹œ O2์ œ๊ณต

- ํ•ด์—ด์ œ ๋‹น์žฅ ํฐ ํšจ๊ณผ X

โ— gastric bypass(๋น„๋งŒํ™˜์ž ์œ„์šฉ์ โ†“, bariatric)

- dumping๊ณผ ๋น„์Šท

- after meal rest

- eat slowly

- chew well

- diet : limited to liquid or pureed 6wk(์œ„ ์šฉ์ โ†‘ ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ), ๊ณ ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌX

โ— testicular cancer

risk factor)

- 20~54y(young), white, Family Hx, Hx of undescended testis, personal Hx of

testicular cancer, Hx of DES(์ž„์‹ ์‹œ ์—„๋งˆ๊ฐ€), 2y ์ดํ›„ op(2y์ดํ•˜๋ฉด risk๋†’์ง€ ์•Š์Œ)

โ— RA & OA

โ— Pheochromocytoma(๊ฐˆ์ƒ‰์„ธํฌ์ข…) : catecholamine producing tumor

Sx)

- V/Sโ†‘

- paroxysmal(๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ), sustained HTN

- severe HA

- palpitaion

- flushing

- profuse(๋งŽ์€) diapheresis

- chest pain

- Abd pain(GIโ†“, A/N/V/C)

- heat intolerance

- wtโ†“

- tremor

- BSTโ†‘

- pupil dialate

โ— RAIU(Radio active iodine uptake) test : ๊ฐ‘์ƒ์„  ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ(๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„  Iodine ํก์ˆ˜๋Ÿ‰ ๋น„๊ต)

PRE)

- NPO 6~8hr

- LMP

During)

- radio active Iodine PO or IV

After)

- fluidโ†‘

- Iodine allergy : Iodine์›Œ๋‚™ ์†Œ๋Ÿ‰์ด๋ผ ์˜ํ–ฅ X

โ— Meniere's disease

Sx)

- 3๋Œ€ ์ฆ์ƒ : tinnitus, hearing loss(์ผ์ธก์„ฑ, sensorineural โ†” conductive OM), vertigo(์•ˆ

์ „๊ด€๋ จ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ฃผ์˜)

- N/V, Nystagmus

- severe HA

Care)

- hydrops diet : ์ˆ˜๋ถ„ ์ ๋‹น๋Ÿ‰

Dz-cardiac

โ— A-fib & flutter

1, Asess : dyspnea, chest pain ๋“ฑ

2, O2

3, med

- Amiodarone

- ฮฒ-blocker(~lol) 50/min ์ดํ•˜ noti

- CCB(~dipine)

- Digoxin : COโ†‘, PRโ†“ - 60/min ์ดํ•˜ noti

- anticoagulant

4, cardioversion : ๋ถˆ์™„์ „ -> ์ •์ƒ / cardiac ablation : ์‹ฌ์žฅ๊ทผ์œก scar ๋ถˆ์™„์ „->์—†์•ฐ

โ— Asystole ๋Œ€์ฒ˜

1. assess : check rhythm (10 sec โ†“), at least 2 lead

2. intervention

- call for help(์šฐ์„ )

- CPR

- O2

- med : epinephrine, vasopressin(๋จผ์ €), atropine(์•„๋™ X)

โ— ๊ณ ํ˜ˆ์••๊ด€์ฐฐ

Intra aterial blood pressure

- radial(์š”๊ณจ), brachial(์ƒ์™„), femoral(๋Œ€ํ‡ด)

โ— V-tach EKG

- no P wave

- HR 140~250ํšŒ

- QRS widen 0.10secโ†‘

- PR interval not measurable

- COโ†“

โ— pacemaker

Pre)

- allergy(latex, shellfish, iodine)

- MN NPO

- LMP, Hx of meds(ํ•ญ์‘๊ณ ์ œ)

- sedation

Post)

- ECG monitor & BR 24hr

- infection(redness, fever)

- lead dislocation(limit ROM, 6wk ๋’ค full ROM, ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ๊ฐ€๋™)

- ectopic beat

- diaphram perforation(twitchy(๋ถˆ์•ˆ), hiccup)

- pneumothorax

- notify : โ†“ set rate or โ†‘ 120/min

- X MRI

- ๊ฐ€์ „์ œํ’ˆ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ(but ๊ฐ•ํ•œ์ „๊ธฐ ์ž๊ทน์ œํ•œ)

- ๊ณตํ•ญ ๋ฏธ๋ฆฌ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๊ธฐ(hand-past screening, full body scan ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ)

โ— holter monitor

- ambulatory EKG (24~48hr)

- normal acitivity

- diary (event)

- X shower, tub bath

- electric tooth brush, blanket, hair drier, magnet X(๊ธฐ๊ณ„์˜ค์ž‘๋™)

โ— external pacemaker

- X V/S Lt

- discomfort : analgesics ์‚ฌ์šฉ

โ— ์‹œํ—˜ EKG strip์€ 6์ดˆ

โ— AICD(Automatic Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillation)

- 25~30J, ์ตœ๋Œ€ 4ํšŒ

- pacemaker ์ค€ํ•œ ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ

- ๋ถ€์ •๋งฅ์‹œ ์ž‘๋™

โ— CAD risk factor

1) Non-modifiable

- family Hx

- age M 45โ†‘, F55โ†‘

- african A

- menopause

2) Modifiable

- hyperlipidemia(triglyceride 150โ†‘, HDL 40โ†“, LDL 100โ†‘)

- sedantary life style(์›€์ง์ด์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ)

- HTN, DM, alcohol, atherosclerosis

- smoking, obesity(BMI 30โ†‘)

- hyperhomocysteinemia(homocysteinemia : ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ๋”ฑ๋”ฑ)

โ— Prinzmetal Angina

- varient angina

- vasospastic(ํ˜ˆ๊ด€๊ฒฝ๋ จ์„ฑ)

: vasospasm of smooth muscle, not by atherosclerosis

(์ฃฝ์ƒ๊ฒฝํ™”๊ฐ€ ์›์ธ์ด ์•„๋‹Œ ํ˜ˆ๊ด€์ˆ˜์ถ•์— ์˜ํ•ด ๋ฐœ์ƒ)

โ— MI

Sx)

- chest pain(crushing, subternal pain)

- radiated to back, jaw, Lt.arm

- early morning, N/V, diaphoresis(๋ฐœํ•œ)

- fever, anxiety

- pallor, cyanosis

- coolness of extrimity

- BPโ†“

Tx)

Acute)

- O2 ์ œ๊ณต

- NTG, morphine(painโ†“, ์‹ฌ๋ถ€๋‹ดโ†“)

- SFP

- IV

- ECG

- antidysrhythmia (ex, ฮฒ-blocker(~lol) ๋“ฑ)

- thrombolytics in 6hr

Acute ํ›„

- ACE inhibitors(~pril)

- CCB (~dipine)

- aspirin, clopidogrel(ํ•ญ์‘๊ณ ์ œ)

- lipidโ†“(~statin)

Cx)

- dysrhythmia : most common but serious

- HF

- pulmonary edema

- cardiogenic shock

- thrombophlebitis

- pericarditis

โ— CABG(Cornary Artery Bypass Graft, ๊ด€์ƒ๋™๋งฅ์šฐํšŒ์ˆ )

post)

- V/S : BP ๋‚ฎ์œผ๋ฉด (ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ ์ˆ˜์ถ•๋˜์–ด ์ˆœํ™˜โ†“), ๋†’์œผ๋ฉด (์ˆ ๋ถ€๋ถ€๋‹ด)

- UO : ์‹ฌ์žฅ์ˆ˜์ˆ  ๋•Œ ๋‚˜์™€์•ผ ์„ฑ๊ณต

- neuro state

- chest tube : 100~150cc/hr โ†‘ noti

- fluid electrolyte(K)

- cardiac tamponade(๋ฌผ)

- 6~24hr ICU์—์„œ ๊ธฐ๊ณ„ํ™˜๊ธฐ

โ— robot CABG

- G/A

- minimally invasive(small incision)

- ์‹œ๊ฐ„ 4~6hr(open CABG์™€ ๋น„์Šท)

- ICU 2~5day (open ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ž…์›๊ธฐ๊ฐ„โ†“)

- blood loss (open๋ณด๋‹ค โ†“)

โ— HTN risk factor

- smoking(๋‹ˆ์ฝ”ํ‹ด-ํ˜ˆ๊ด€ spasm)

- dyslipidemia(์ด์ƒ์ง€์งˆํ˜ˆ์ฆ) : LDLโ†‘, Cholโ†‘, HDLโ†“

- DM

- imparied renal function

- obesity

- inactivity

- age(M 55โ†‘, F 65โ†‘)

- CAD

-caffeine

- Naโ†‘, stress

โ— DASH diet

: HTN ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ, well ballanced

- grains 7~8serving/d, brown, whole

- fruits & veges 4~5serving/d

- dairy 2~3serving/d, low fat, skim milk (whole milk X)

- protein 2servingโ†“/d, lean meat(์‚ด์ฝ”๊ธฐ), poultry, red<white, skinless

(์ง€๋ฐฉโ†“), fry X/ broil, bake, gril, roast O, salmon, tuna,

omega-3(๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋…น์ž„, HDLโ†‘

- nut,seed 4~5serving/wk

- fat,oil 2~3serving/d, flex seeds, canola oil(์‹๋ฌผ์„ฑ ไธญ omega-3)

- sweat 5servingโ†“/d

- alcohol 1~2 drink/d

- Na 1.5g/d

RHF(Right heart failure) LFT(Left heart failure)

systemic congestion

peripheral edema

JVD distress

hepatomegaly

ascites(๋ณต์ˆ˜)

dependent edema

nocturia

pul. congestion

dyspnea

crackles

hacking, coughโ†‘ at night

nocturia

paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

angina : murmurs

frothypink tinged sputum

mental change

dizziness, pallor

cold extrimity

weak peripheral pulse

โ— HF

- congestive HF : ๋ฌผ์ด์ฐจ๊ณ  ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ ๋ฐฉ์ถœ : B-type nutriuretic peptide

diet)

- fluid, Naโ†“, Kโ†‘

worse sign)

- rapid wt gain (1~2Ib/d, 3Ib/wkโ†‘, Ib = 0.45kg

- exercise toleranceโ†“ in 2~3d

- cough 3~5d

- nocturia, angina, swelling feet & ankle & sarcum, dyspnea at rest

RHF vs LHF)

Tx)

- Acute : IV, diuretics, morphine

- following access : digoxin diuretics, ACE inhibitor(~pril), ฮฒ-blocker(~lol), vasodilator

โ— pericarditis(์‹ฌ๋‚ญ์—ผ)

Sx)

- pericardial pain (WHEN? : Lt.sid lying, inspiration, coughing, swallowing, supine)

- radiated to Lt.shoulder

- fever, chill, WBCโ†‘

- fatigue, malaise

- A-fib

- dyspnea

- friction rub(์ดˆ๊ธฐ)

Cx)

- cardiac tamponade

Tx)

- High fowler position, HFP

- upright, leaning forward

Mechanical(carbon์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ฆ) tissue(bioprosthetic)

anticoagulant life long(ํ‰์ƒ)

life span : ๊ฑฐ์˜ ํ‰์ƒ

click sound O

anticoagulant not life long(ํ‰์ƒ X)

life span : ๋‚˜์ด ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ„(ํ‰์ƒ X)

click sound X

โ— myocarditis(์‹ฌ๊ทผ์—ผ)

- fever, tarchycardia, chest pain

- dyspnea, pericaridal friction rub

- gallop rhythm

- murmurs

- HF

โ— Endocarditis(์‹ฌ๋‚ด๋ง‰์—ผ)

- fever, anorexia, fatigue

- Wt loss, Hx : murmur(valve ์†์ƒ)

- petechiae, clubbing finger

- WBCโ†‘, SOB

- night sweat

- perisistant cough

- painful joint

โ— valve ๋ฌธ์ œ

- regure โ†’ COโ†“ โ†’ BPโ†“

- fatigue, tarchy(๋ณด์ƒ์ž‘์šฉ), chest pain

- dizziness, syncope

- HA, systolic murmur

- SOB, dyspnea

โ— cardiac tamponade(์‹ฌ๋‚ญ์••์ „)

- pulse paradoxus(๊ธฐ๋งฅ, ํก๊ธฐ์‹œ SBPโ†“)

- CVPโ†‘, JVD with clear lung Sd.

- distant muffle heart Sd.

- COโ†“, mental change

- UOโ†“

- pulse pressure โ†“(SBP,DBP ๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ)

- HRโ†‘, RRโ†‘

- chest pain

- friction rub, cough

โ— Aortic stenosis

Sx)

- dyspnea, orthopnea, pul. edema, dz, syncope, COโ†“, angina, pulse pressureโ†“,

murmur

โ— EKG ๋ฌธ์ œ ์„  ์‚ฌ์ •โ†’ ํ›„ ์ค‘์žฌ

โ— Polycythemia(์ ํ˜ˆ๊ตฌ์ฆ๊ฐ€์ฆ)

-hemoglobin M/F (18/17โ†‘)

- clotโ†‘

- skin, mucous membrane color : dark, flushed, plethoric(๋ณด๋ผ์ƒ‰)

- COPDํ™˜์ž

- itching

- HTN, thrombos

- Kโ†‘, HA, dizziness

- blurred vision

- painful swelling joint

- SOB, fever

โ— DVT

Sx)

- tenderness, pain

- swelling, edema

- homan's sign(+)

- warm

- erythema(redness)

- fever

risk factor)

- ageโ†‘, traumaโ†‘, surgery, preg, oral pill, immobilization, autoimmu Dz(IBS), obese,

HF, smoking, stess, family Hx, dehydration, Fx(ํŠนํžˆ ํ•˜์ฒด), sepsis

care)

- BR with leg elevate

- X massage

- ted hose

- warm compress

- monitor SOB

- anticoagulant โ†’ monitor bleeding

DVT PAD

tenderness

pain

warm

edema

erythemial(redness)

fever

elevate good

int. claudi cation

numbness

burning

dyr, scaly skin

paresthesia

cold, pallor

bluish

pulse : โ†“ or absent

dependent : good(rubber)

elevate : pale

prevent)

- exercise(ambulation)

- hydrationโ†‘

- Ted hose(์••๋ฐ• ์Šคํƒ€ํ‚น)

- Int. compression device

- anti coagulant

- warm compress

antithrombostocking ์ฐฉ์šฉ๋ฒ•

- washing and dry foot

- leg elevation for 15 min

- ensure the stocking

- turn stocking inside out

- slip over the foot

- evenly ๋ผ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€ check

โ— PAD(Peripheral artery Disease)

Sx)

- Int. claudication(์‚ฐ์†Œ ์š”๊ตฌ๋Ÿ‰โ†‘, pain) : collateral circulation(์ฃผ๋ณ€ํ˜ˆ๊ด€๋ฐœ๋‹ฌ์šด๋™๋ฒ•) walk

โ†’(pain) rest โ†’ walk ๋ฐ˜๋ณต

- numbness, buring (DM๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์ด ๊ด€๋ฆฌ)

- paresthesia, only scaly skin

- loss of hair

- thicken toe, nails

- cold gray, blue skin

- โ†“ or absent pulse

- elevate : pallor / dependent : ํ™์ƒ‰

rist factor)

- atherosclerosis, HTN, DM, smoking, hyperlipidemia, obestity, family Hx, ageโ†‘

ischemic stroke hemorrhagic stroke

tPA(ํ˜ˆ์ „์šฉํ•ด์ œ)์น˜๋ฃŒ

- 3~4.5hr์ด๋‚ด(์‹œ๊ฐ„์ค‘์š”!)

- 18y โ†‘

- PT 15๋ฏธ๋งŒ, 48hr์ด๋‚ด heparin ์‚ฌ์šฉ X

- PLT 10๋งŒโ†‘, no major OP์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‚ฌ์šฉ

์‚ฌ์šฉ X

During sleep

gradual ์„œ์„œํžˆ

During activity

sudden

seizure ๊ผญ! ๋™๋ฐ˜

โ— AAA(Abdominal aortic aneurysm)

post) ๋ณต์••์ƒ์Šน X

- X heavy lifting(15~20Ib, 6~12wk)

- X pushing, pulling

- X driving 6~8wk

โ— stroke

risk factor)

- ์ฝ”์นด์ธ, ๋น„๋งŒ, heavy alcohol, ๊ฐ„๊ฒฝํ™”, ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ, a-fib, atherosclerosis, HTN etc.

seizure ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œ)

- ์šฐ์„ ์ˆœ์œ„ A(gag relfex, cough reflex) B C D ..... + stroke scale

โ— IICP(cushing tirad's sign)

- BP : SBPโ†‘, pulse pressure : widen

- PRโ†“

- RRโ†“(๊นŠ์Œ)

โ— V-P shunt(ventricle-peritoneal shunt)

- contact sport X

- helmet ์‚ฌ์šฉ

โ— cardiac cath

- sport ~3์ผ X

- ์ผ์ƒ์ƒํ™œ ~2์ผ X

- ๋ชฉ์š• 2์ผ ๋’ค

- ์Œ์‹ ์ œํ•œ X, ๋ฌผโ†‘

- f/u 1wk ๋’ค

- flat position 4~6hr(vein), 6~8hr(artery)

- check V/S

- cather site ๊ด€์ฐฐ ๋งค์ผ

Dz-GI

โ— small intestine obstrution Sx

- severe abd.pain, cramping

- projectal vomiting

- abd distention(์‹ฌํ•˜์ง„ ์•Š์Œ) but ๋Œ€์žฅ์ผ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์‹ฌํ•จ, ๋ง‰ํ˜€์„œ vomiting, diarrhea X

โ— GERD

- diet : fiberโ†‘, fatโ†“ ์†Œํ™”์†๋„โ†‘

- X eat or drinking 2hrs before bedtime

- X tight cloth

- HOB 6~8 inch. 30๋„ block๊ณ ์ •

- sit after 30min after meal

- small, frequently

โ— Ileostomy

- stool : liquid, semiliquid

- stoma : pink, bright red & shimy

- gas odor (yogurt odorโ†“)

- applience : 1/2~1/3 full empty, q5~7day bag change, ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋น„๋ˆ„๋กœ clean, 1/6~1/8

inch ๊ตํ™˜์‹œ ํ…Œ๋‘๋ฆฌ

Cx)

- electrolyte, fluid imbalance, obstruction : low residue diet ( X : raw fruit, veges)

diet)

- fluidโ†‘, vit, mineral โ†‘

- low residual

- odr gasโ†“(yogurt/โ†‘:milk, egg, fish, nut etc.)

โ— Dumping syndrome

- ์Œ์‹์„ ์ฒœ์ฒœํžˆ ์†Œํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ

- protein, fat > CHO(complex > simple)

- fluid not with meal, between meal

- X sugar, salt(๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‹ฌ๊ณ ,์งœ๋ฉด ์‚ผํˆฌ์••โ†‘, ์†Œํ™”โ†‘)

- frequent, small

- rest 30min, lie down 30min after meal

โ— small bowel obstruction

- severe cramping abd. pain

- projective vomiting

- distension

- high pitch bowel sound, frequently

โ— pancreatitis

- abd.pain, midepigastric or LUQ

- radiatied back

- abd. tenderness

- N/V not relieved by vomiting

- Wt loss

- lipase, amylase ํ˜ˆ์ค‘ โ†‘

- cullen(๋ฐฐ๊ผฝ), Turner(์˜†๊ตฌ๋ฆฌ) sign + ๋ฉ

- Caโ†“ (tetany ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์œ„ํ—˜ํ•œ ์ฆ์ƒ)

โ— fecal impaction

- liquid stool(stool leak)

- abd.pain

- urge to defecate

- bloating(๋”๋ถ€๋ฃฉ)

- appetited

- N/V

- pressure on bladder, urine retention

- rectal bleeding

โ— liver cirrhosis(๊ฐ„๊ฒฝ๋ณ‘์ฆ, ๊ฐ„๊ฒฝํ™”์ฆ)

Sx)

- A/N/V/D

- NH3 โ†‘ : mental(lethargy, drowsiness), asterixis(flapping tremur)

- HํŒŒ๊ดด X(๋ง๊ธฐ) : ESโ†‘(๋ชจ์„ธํ˜ˆ๊ด€ํ™•์žฅ : angioma, palmor erythemia)

โ— pancreatitis

Cx)

- septic shock, DIC

- hemorrhage โ†’ shock(hypovolemic)

- resp. distress(atelectasis๋ฌด๊ธฐํ, pneumonia, ARDS)

- paralytic ileus(๋งˆ๋น„์„ฑ ์žฅํ์ƒ‰)

- Caโ†“ tetany (numbless, tingling)

- Acute kidney failure

โ— liver biopsy

Pre)

- consent, NPO

- coagulation study

- Hx of recent meds

During)

- sedation, local anesthetic

- supine, Lt.lateral

- with Rt.arm above head

- exhale & hold(5~10sec)

Post)

- Rt.side with sandbag(1hr) ์ง€ํ˜ˆ

- bed rest 4hr

- X strenuous exercise 1wk

Cx)

- bleeding

- pneumothorax

- peritonitis

โ— PEG(percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, ๊ฒฝํ”ผ์ ๋‚ด์‹œ๊ฒฝ์œ„์กฐ๋ฃจ์ˆ )

diarrhea ์›์ธ

- formular(highly concentrate) ํ”ํ•จ

- rapid administration ํ”ํ•จ

- bacteria ์˜ค์—ผ

- lactose intolerance

โ— colorectal cancer(๋Œ€์žฅ์•”), rectal cancer(์ง์žฅ์•”)

risk factor)

- family Hx

- 50yโ†‘

- fiberโ†“, fatโ†‘(์žฅ์— ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๋จธ๋ฌด๋ฆ„)

- UC(ulcerative colitis, ๊ถค์–‘๋Œ€์žฅ์—ผ), CD(chrohn's dz,ํฌ๋ก ๋ณ‘) : inflammatory dz of colon

/ polyposis

- obesity

- longterm smoking

- heavy alcohol

- inactivity

- family Hx of polyposis

โ— Hepatitis

์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ : ์†๋‹ฆ๊ธฐ ์ค‘์š”

A : vaccine #2

B : vaccine #3

C : vaccine X

D : vaccine B ๋งž์œผ๋ฉด ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ๋จ

E : vaccine X

Hepa A,E : oral-fecal(daycare worker, sanitation, ์‹ค๋ณ€, undeveloped country์—ฌํ–‰)

Hepa B,C,D : blood, body fluid(hemodialysis, transfusion, MSM(ํ˜ธ๋ชจ), IV drug)

Dz-respiration

โ— TB

Tb risk factor

- immuneโ†“(IV drug, HIV, silicosis(๊ด‘์‚ฐ, ๊ทœํ์ฆ), kidney disease, DM, organ transplant,

long term steroid)

- immigrated from Tbโ†‘ ๋‚˜๋ผ

- 5yโ†“

- homeless

- hospital, correctional facilities(๊ต๋„์†Œ), nursing home

Tb skin test(PPD : purified protein derivative)

: Intradermal 48~72hr : Induration(hardening/red x)

false positive : BCG

false negative

- viral infection vaccine(MMR, tb๋ฐ˜์‘์–ต์ œ)

- steroid Tx(Asthma ํก์ž…์ œ๋Š” ์†Œ๋Ÿ‰์ด๋ผ ์˜ํ–ฅ X)

- HIV 5mmโ†‘

- malnutrition

- too early ํ™•์ธ

Med) use multidrug

- INH : neuritis(prevent : vit B6,pyridoxine ๋ณต์šฉ), aboid tyramin๋ฐœํšจe(salami,

aged cheeze, chocolate etc.) / niacin ๊ฐ™์ด ๋ณต์šฉ X (hepatotoxity)

- Rifampin : red orange secretion

- PZA :

- ethambutol : optic neuritis

INH, RIF, PZA โ†’ hepatotoxicity / INH, RIF, PZA, EMB : oral pill โ†“

โ— Asthma

PEFR(Peak expiratory flow, ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ˜ธ๊ธฐ๊ฒ€์‚ฌ)

- โ€˜0โ€™์  ํ™•์ธ

- 3๋ฒˆ ไธญ ์ข‹์€ ์ ์ˆ˜

- ๋งค์ผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„

-fowler position

- wheezing(Asthma ๊ธฐ๋Œ€์ฆ์ƒ) decrease or ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง โ†’ airwayโ†“

med)

MDI(metered Dose Inhaler)

- ๋Œ€๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ „ ํ”๋“ฌ

- ํก์ž… ํ›„ 10์ดˆ๊ฐ„ hold breath

MDI ์ˆœ์„œ

- remove mouthpiece cover

- shake well 2~5sec

- D/B & exhale completely

- put mouthpiece in mouth

- head tilt back slight

- inhale slowly & deeply : 2~3sec(5sec)

- hold 10~15sec

- exhale slowly

1~2min 2nd puff

med. : bronchodilator โ†’ stroid(between 5min)

steroid(์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์ ), ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ง€ํ™•์žฅ์ œ, ๋ฅ˜์ฝ”ํŠธ๋ฆฌ์—”๊ธธํ•ญ์ œ(singular)

:๊ธฐ๊ด€์ง€ํ™•์žฅ์ œโ†’์Šคํ…Œ๋กœ์ด๋“œ

lukast granule(Asthma ์˜ˆ๋ฐฉ์•ฝ)

- zafirlukast : 2ํšŒ/day, empty, daily

- montelukast : 1ํšŒ/day, evening, daily

S/E

- HA, N/V/D, dyspnea, myalgia, Dz, hepatotoxicity(LFTํ•„์š”)

- granule ์ œ์žฌ : mix with food 15๋ถ„ ์ด๋‚ด(warm X ํšจ๊ณผ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ์‹ฌํ•จ)

- ์šด๋™๊ฐ€๋Šฅ : ์ˆ˜์˜, ์•ผ๊ตฌ but ๋†๊ตฌ, ์ถ•๊ตฌ burn out ์ง€์† X

- ๊ฐ€์Šต X : ์ ์ ˆํ•œ ์Šต๋„ ์œ ์ง€(40์ด ๋” ์„ ํ˜ธ~50%), dehumidifier(์ œ์Šต๊ธฐ)

- 1์ฃผ ํ•œ๋ฒˆ ๋œจ๊ฑฐ์šด ๋ฌผ ๋นจ๋ž˜

โ— COPD

Sx)

- productive cough

- dyspnea, wheezy, crackles

- wt loss(ํ˜ธํก์‹œ ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์†Œ๋น„โ†‘)

- barrled chest (2:1 normal, 1:1)

- rhonchi(์ˆ˜ํฌ์Œ)

- prolonged expiration

- orthopnea(๊ธฐ์ขŒํ˜ธํก)

- cardia dysrhythmia

- secretion ๅคš

Cx)

- pneumonia

- pulmonary hypertension

- cor pulmonale(ํ์„ฑ ์‹ฌ์งˆํ™˜0

Tx)

- fatโ†‘, ๊ณ ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ

- ๋ฌผโ†‘

- O2 ํ•„์š”์‹œ ์ ์ ˆํžˆ SpO2 : 88~92%, ๋„ˆ๋ฌด high O2(O2 ๋…์„ฑ)

- EDBC

โ— ํ์ฒญ์ง„์Œ

- bronchial Sd : trachea, larynx

- B-V Sd : main stem of brochus(์•ž : ICS 1~2nd/๋’ค : B/W scapula)

- vesicular : periphery

โ— bronchoscopy

Pre)

- consent

- MN NPO

- coagulant study

- takes 1/2~1 hr

- X eyeglasses, denture

During)

- hyperextension(๊ธฐ๋„ํ™•์žฅ)

- IV

- midazolam(sedation), atropine(secretionโ†“)

- biopsy ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

Post)

- bleeding, perforation

- bronchospasm : wheezy, stridor(ํ˜‘์ฐฉ์Œ)

- gag reflex, swallowing 1~2hr ํ’€๋ฆผ

โ— Thoracentesis(ํ‰๊ฐ•์ฒœ์ž)

Pre)

- consent

- coagulation study

- sitting, upright position

- sitting ์ œํ•œ ์‹œ : unaffected side lying

- local analgesic

During)

- X cough, DB, moving(๊ทธ๋ƒฅ ํ˜ธํก์€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ)

Post)

- check resp.

- pressure dressing(๊ณต๊ธฐ ์œ ์ž…๋ฐฉ์ง€)

S/E)

- unaffected side tracheal deviation(tension pneumothorax)

Cx)

- pnumothorax, bleeding, air embolism

โ— Postural drainage(secretion ๋ฐฐ์ถœ)

- morning on arise

- 1hr before or 2~3hr after meal(๊ณต๋ณต์— ์‹œํ–‰)

- bronchodilator : 15min before

- percussion, vibrate(while expiration) : 1~2min

- DB

- upper most position

- 15~20min, 15min์ด๋‚ด

- mouth rinse with water(after)

โ— tracehostomy

1) SFP

2) suction

3) unlock, remove

4) clean

5) tie

- suction

1) SFP

2) lubrication catheter

3) pre oxygen

4) insert catheter with out suction

5) suction 10secโ†“

โ— lung assess

Inspection โ†’ palpation โ†’ percussion โ†’ asculation

abd assess

inspection โ†’ asculation โ†’ percussion โ†’ palpation

DI SIADH

ADHโ†“

UOโ†‘

USGโ†“

Serum osm.โ†‘

Naโ†‘(๋ฌผ๋งŒ๋ฐฐ์ถœ ๋†์ถ•)

dehydration โ†’ shock

ADHโ†‘

UOโ†“

USGโ†‘

Serum osm.โ†“

Naโ†“(๋ฌผ์ •์ฒด)

K unchange(3.5-5.0), ์„ธํฌ๋‚ด์—์„œ ๋ณด์ƒ

water intoxiate โ†’ conversion(์˜์‹๋ณ€ํ™”)

lung ca. S/E๋กœ SIADH๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

Addsion cushing

steroid โ†“

Na H2O โ†“

Ca, K โ†‘

glucose โ†“

BP โ†“, PRโ†‘

Sx) Diet)

steroid โ†‘

Na H2O โ†‘

Ca, K โ†“

glucose โ†‘

BPโ†‘

Naโ†“

Ca, K โ†‘

cal โ†“

protein ๅคš

fat โ†“

Na, H2O โ†“ : wt โ†“, BPโ†“(shock)

Kโ†‘ : ์žฅ์šด๋™ ํ•ญ์ง„ A/N/V/D abd.pain

Caโ†‘

glucoseโ†“

skin pigmentโ†‘(cusing๊ณผ๋น„์Šท but๋ถ€์œ„๋‹ค๋ฆ„)

emotional disturbance

confusion

lethargy

weakness

fatigue

Na, H2O โ†‘ : wtโ†‘, BPโ†‘

K โ†“ : orange, banana (K ๅคš)

glucose โ†‘ : imapaired wound healing

Caโ†“ excrate : osteoporosis

protein in waste : thin extrimities

fat mobilization : moon face, trunk obesity, bufalo

hump, cholโ†‘

hirsuitism(๋‹ค๋ชจ์ฆ) : bodyhair

pigment โ†‘

fragile skin, bruies easily(๋‚จ์„ฑH,์•Œ๋„์Šคํ…Œ๋ก )

purple striae

immuneโ†“ mask Sx of infection

HClโ†‘:peptic ulcer disease, bleeding์ฃผ์˜

mens : irrgular

mood swing

psychosis

medic alert bracelet

addision crisis(shock)

Na + H2O โ†“ โ†’ BPโ†“ โ†’ shock

Kโ†‘

glucoseโ†“

Dz-kidney

โ— DI vs SIADH

โ— HbA1c : ๋‹น๋‡จ 7์ดํ•˜, ์ผ๋ฐ˜ 6์ดํ•˜

- FBS : 100์ดํ•˜

- HbA1C : 7% ์ดํ•˜ , 6.5์ด์ƒ์‹œ ์ง„๋‹จ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

โ— Addison vs cushing

Nephritis(์‹ ์žฅ์—ผ) Nephrosis(์‹ ์žฅ์ฆ)=nephrotic syndrome

hematuria

stretcocus infection : anti~, anti HTN

UOโ†“

๋ˆˆ, ์–ผ๊ตด์ชฝ edema

HTN

Tx)

fluid์—„๊ฒฉ์ œํ•œ(1L ์†Œ์ฃผ์ž”์œผ๋กœ ๋ณต์šฉ)

Na์ œํ•œ, K์ œํ•œ, protein์ œํ•œ(์†Œ๋ณ€์œผ๋กœ๋ฐฐ์ถœ

X)

proteinuria

edema ๋ชธ, ์–ด๋””๋“ (์‹ฌํ•œ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ˆ˜๋ถ„์ œํ•œ)

BP ์ •์ƒ or โ†“

hypoalbumine

hyperlipidemia

Tx)

steroid

urin ์•Œ๋ถ€๋ฏผ ์ธก์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด steroid ์–‘ ์กฐ์ ˆ

โ— bladder scan

: screen post void check residual volume

- no prep. gel above pubic area

- select M, F icon (if hystrectomy โ†’ M)

- notify if RV 400mlโ†‘

โ— Nephritis vs Nephrosis

โ— voiding cystourethrogram(๋ฐฉ๊ด‘์š”๋„์กฐ์˜๊ฒ€์‚ฌ) : ์†Œ๋ณ€์—ญ๋ฅ˜๊ฒ€์‚ฌ

- fluroscopy ์‹ค์‹œ๊ฐ„ X-ray

- NPO, ์žฅ enema, sedation X

- dye์‚ฌ์šฉ(consentํ•„์š”)

- No foley / nelaton, feeding ์‚ฌ์šฉ

โ— Incontinence

- stress incontinence : weak perineal muscle(๋‹ค์‚ฐ ๋“ฑ)

- Urge incontinence : involuntary elemination with strong preceive need to void

- Functional incontinence : ์ธ์ง€, ํ™˜๊ฒฝ๋ฌธ์ œ, physiology๋Š” ์ •์ƒ

- overflow incontinence : ๋ฐฉ๊ด‘์ด ๊ฐ€๋“์ฐจ์„œ ๋„˜์ณ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜์˜ด

- neurogenic incontinence : spinal cord damage

์ •์‹ 

โ— ๋ฐ˜์‘

- assertive : ๋‚จ์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์นจํ•ดํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ๋‚˜์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋Œ์ง๊ตฌ๋กœ ๋งํ•จ, โ€˜I' ์ค‘์‹ฌ

- aggressive : ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ ์ธ

- passive

- passive aggressive

: assertive ์ฐพ๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด ๋‚˜๋จธ์ง€ ์†Œ๊ฑฐ

โ— Mental status exam

1, general description : (์ด์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ) ํ™˜์ž์˜ ์™ธ์–‘, ๋ชจ์Šต, speech, motor, interaction ๋“ฑ

2, emotional state : mood(self-report), affect(labile-flat,๋ณ€๋•)

3, Experience : perception(hallucination, illusion)

4, thinking

- content(what) : delusion, false fixed belief

- though process(how) : flight of idea(๋น„์•ฝ)

5, sensorium & cognition :

- LOC : T/P/P

- memory : recent(~2wk)/remote

- concentration & calculation : (100-7)

- Information & Intelligence : ์†๋‹ดํ’€์ด

- Judgement : ์ง‘์— ๊ฐ”๋”๋‹ˆ ์—ฐ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋‚ฌ๋‹ค ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ• ๋ž˜? 119์‹ ๊ณ 

- insight : ํ˜„์žฌ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ธ์‹

โ— schizophrenia

positive : normal function ๊ณผ๋‹ค(clong association : ๋ฆฌ๋“ฌ๊ฐ, ๊ฐ•์„ธ์ฃผ๋Š”์–ดํˆฌ)

negative : Loss, A-(Alogia,๋ฌด์–ธ์–ด์ฆ/anhedonia,๋ฌด์พŒ๊ฐ์ฆ/avolition,๋ฌด์˜๋ฌด/atentional

impariment,์ง‘์ค‘โ†“,affective flattering)

โ— seasonal affected disorder(๊ณ„์ ˆ์„ฑ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ)

Sx

- hypersomnia(๊ณผ์ˆ˜๋ฉด), lethargy(๋ฌด๊ธฐ๋ ฅ), fatigue, anxiety, wt gain, appetiteโ†‘

Tx

- Phototherapy(๋ฉœ๋ผํ† ๋‹Œ), SSRI, ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ sleep etc.

โ—Neuroleptic malignant syndrome(์‹ ๊ฒฝ๊ทผ์ด์™„์ œ์•…์„ฑ์ฆํ›„๊ทผ)

Sx

- fever, rigidity(muscle), HRโ†‘, incontinence(์‹ค๊ธˆ), sweating, tremur, leukocytosis(๋ฐฑํ˜ˆ

๊ตฌ์ฆ๊ฐ€์ฆ)

Tx

- D/C med, ๋Œ€์ฆ์š”๋ฒ•, muscle relaxant(dantrolene)

AN(Anoreixa Nervosa, ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์„ฑ ์‹์š•๋ถ€์ง„) BN(Bulimia nervosa, ํญ์‹์ฆ)

์Œ์‹ ๊ด€์‹ฌ ๅคš

OCD(obsessive compulsive disorder)

๊ฐ•๋ฐ•์žฅ์• 

ex) ๋ชจ๋ธ, ๋ฐœ๋ ˆ๋ฆฌ๋‚˜ ๋“ฑ

anxiety disorder

PTSD, substance abuse(alcohol, med๋“ฑ)

antisocial disorder

13~20y

intense, irrational belief(body)

appetite denial

metabolic, endocrine

amenorrhea(๋ฌด์›”๊ฒฝ)

osteopresis

cold intolerance

brady cardiac

constipation

acid base, fluid imbalance

lanugo

wt โ†“

์•ˆ๋จน์–ด์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ

15~18y(17~25y)

vomiting, laxative, diuretic abuse

hypokalemia(๊ตฌํ† ํ•ด์„œ)

muscle weakness (DTRโ†“)

gastric esophageal

bowel abnormalities

erosion(ํ”ผ๋ถ€๋ณ‘๋ณ€)

callus(๊ตณ์€์‚ด)

๋จน๊ณ  ํ† ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฌธ์ œ

๊ฐ•์ œ์ž…์›

oral potassium -> K 2.5โ†“

HR 110โ†‘, 45โ†“

3month ์ด๋‚ด 25% wtโ†“

BT 36.0โ†“

SBP 70โ†“

dehydration ์‹ฌํ•œ

โ— Aggressive behavior

preventive

- self-awareness, Pt education, Assertive-training

Anticipatony

- communiation(verbal, non-verbal)

- Enviromental change

- behavior action

- ์•ฝ๋ฌผ

containment

- crisis management

- seclusion(๊ฒฉ๋ฆฌ)

- restraint(chemical, physical)

โ— ๋น„๋ฐ€์—„์ˆ˜ vs ๋ณดํ˜ธ

Duty to warn, protect โ†” confidenticality

- vague threat(๋ง‰์—ฐํ•œ), specific threat(๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ)

โ†’ ethic community, ์˜์‚ฌ ๋ฐ ํŒ€๊ณผ ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ๊ณ ์ง€์˜ ์˜๋ฌด X, 3์ž์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ฆด์˜๋ฌด X

โ— Eating disorder

AN,BN ๊ณตํ†ต์ 

- major disoder, dysthymia(๊ธฐ๋ถ„์ €ํ•˜์ฆ)

AntipsycloticsSSRI

Acute Relapse ๋ฐฉ์ง€

AN X X modest = slight

BN X considerable modest = slight

Anxiety Depression

fear, apprehension

initial insomia(์ž…๋ฉด)

palseโ†‘, psychomotor hyperactivity

negative : selective, specific

sad, hopeless

late insomnia(์ž๋‹ค๊นธ, 2~3์‹œ)

retardation

negative : global

ODD(oppositional defiant disorder,๋ฐ˜ํ•ญ์žฅ

์• )conduct disorder(ํ’ˆํ–‰์žฅ์• )

negativistic

hostile(์ ๋Œ€์ ์ธ)

์–ด๋ฅธ๊ณผ argue, blame, annoy

Pt. violate X, comply X

๋ฐ˜ํ•ญ์ด ์ฃผ๋ชฉ์ 

social norms rule ์œ„๋ฐ˜

-aggression(์‚ฌ๋žŒ, ๋™๋ฌผ)

-destrucion(property)

-theft

-violoation of rule

unintentional tort intentional tort

์ง๋ฌดํƒœ๋งŒ

negligene

malpractice

batter : IV 2๋ฒˆ failํ›„ ํ™˜์ž ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋‚˜

์‹œ๋„

assault : ์œ„ํ˜‘, ์•ˆ ๋จน์œผ๋ฉด NG tubeํ•œ๋‹ค

Invasion of privacy

False imprisonment : ์–ต์ œ

Deformation Slander : ๋ง

Deformation libel : ๊ธ€

Tx

โ— Anxiety vs Depression

โ—ODD vs Conduct disorder

โ— Lithium

- mineral, mood stable

- oral G-I ํก์ˆ˜, kidney ๋ฐฐ์ถœ

- renal, thyroid(์˜ค๋ž˜์‚ฌ์šฉ์‹œ ์ €ํ•˜), EEG, CBC

โ— tort

โ— ADHD

- inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity

- CNS stimulant : Focalin, Ritalin(Norepinephrine & dopamine : reuptake inhibitor),

strattera(a selective norepinephrine : reuptake inhibitor)

- daytime ๋ณต์šฉ with meal

response dimensions (๊ด€์ ) action dimensions

1) genuiness ์ง„์ •์„ฑ

2) respect ~๋ฅผ ์กด๊ฒฝ

3) empathic understand ๋™์ •์‹ฌ

4) concreteness ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ 

1) confrontation ์ž๊ธฐ์ฃผ์žฅ์„ ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ

2) Immediacy ์ฆ‰๊ฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ

3) Nr self disclosure

์น˜๋ฃŒ์ ๋ชฉ์ ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉด ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ ๋ณธ์ธ ๋…ธ์ถœ

4) emotional catharsis ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ๋„์™€์คŒ

5) role playing ์‚ฌํšŒ์—์„œ ์–ด๋ ค์› ๋˜ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค

โ— autism(์žํ์ฆ)

- 2~4y : 3y ์ง„๋‹จ

- eye contact ์ž˜ ๋ชปํ•จ(social, behavior, communcation)

- Tx ์ผ์ •๋˜๋ฉฐ ์•ˆ์ • (๋ชฉ์  : rigidity โ†“)

โ— alcohol ์ค‘๋…

- shorterm ๋ชฉ์  : alcohol ์น˜๋ฃŒ

- longterm ๋ชฉ์  : ๊ธˆ์ฃผ! life style๋ณ€ํ™”(์ˆ ๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ๋œ ๋ชจ์ž„, ํ™œ๋™ ๋“ฑ)

โ— Impending death(์ž„๋ฐ•ํ•œ ์ฃฝ์Œ)

- ์ž…๋งˆ๋ฅด๋ฉด oral care(์ž์ฃผ or q2hr)

- ์ข‹์•„ํ•˜๋Š” ์Œ์‹ ํฌ๋ง์‹œ ์†Œ๋Ÿ‰ ์ œ๊ณต ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

- ๊ฐ€์กฑ์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ๋ฆผ

- ์ž๊ทน โ†“(์กฐ๋ช… โ†“ ๋“ฑ)

โ— reflecting(๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ) : ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค์‹œ ๋’ค๋Œ์•„ ์ƒ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ

โ— confrontation(์ง๋ฉด) : ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๋ถˆ์ผ์น˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ๊ฒŒํ•จ

schizo Pt ์•„๋ฒ„์ง€ ๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€์‹  ์–˜๊ธฐ(verbal)ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ์›ƒ๊ณ ์žˆ์Œ(non-verbal) : "์Šฌํ”ˆ์–˜๊ธฐํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ํ‘œ์ •์€ ์›ƒ๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ

๋„ค์š”โ€œ)

โ— cognitive reflaming, reconstructing(์ธ์ง€์˜ ์žฌ๊ตฌ์กฐํ™”) : ํ˜„์‹ค์€ ๊ทธ๋Œ€๋กœ ์ƒ๊ฐ๋งŒ ๋ฐ”๊ฟˆ

(๋‚œ ์Šฌํ”ˆ ์†”๋กœโ†’ํ™”๋ คํ•œ ์†”๋กœ)

โ— Therapeatic relationship skills(์น˜๋ฃŒ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„)

- preineteration : ๋งŒ๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์ „ ์ค€๋น„์กฐ์‚ฌ ๋‹จ๊ณ„

- orientation(์‹œ์ž‘) : ๊ณ„์•ฝ๋‹จ๊ณ„, ๋งŒ๋‚˜์„œ ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜, ์–ด๋Š๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋™์•ˆ, ์–ด๋–ค ๋ชฉ์ , termination์ค€๋น„(๊ฑด๊ฐ•ํ•œ ์ด๋ณ„)

- working : ์‹ค์ œ, ํƒ์ƒ‰, ํ‰๊ฐ€, acitve listening

- termination : ๋ถˆ์•ˆ/anger ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ, ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ f/u,

- nurse๊ฐ€ ๋งํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ ๋” communicatino์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๋ง

- ์™œ Why X

- ํ™˜์ž์˜ ๊ฐ์ • ๋‹ฌ๋ž˜๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์šฐ์„ !

โ— milieu therapy

- small society : physical, social enviroment(empower

- safety๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์šฐ์„ 

- ward์—์„œ Pt๋ผ๋ฆฌ ์ •ํ•œ ์•ฝ์†(์Šค์Šค๋กœ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋„์›€)

โ— dissociation : mental, behavior ์ž๊ธฐ์™€ separte์ƒํƒœ

โ— transference(์ „์œ„) : ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ nurse, HCP์—๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •(unconcious)

counter-transference(์—ญ์ „์œ„) : nurse, HCP๊ฐ€ ํ™˜์ž์—๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฐ์ •(unconcious)

โ— Group therapy

- isolation๊ฐ์†Œ(๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์ฒ˜์ง€ ํ™˜์ž๋“ค)

- ์„œ๋กœ ๋•๊ณ  ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ด€๊ณ„

- ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ด€๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์—ฐ์Šต, ๋ฐฐ์šธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Œ

- leader(์—ญํ™œ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ)

- role

maintenance(์œ ์ง€) : encourage, harmonizer

Task(๊ณผ์—…) : leader, questionํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ, summurizer etc.

individual : victim, mute, complaint etc.

- doubtable bind : ์‚ฌ์‹ค๋Œ€๋กœ ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ํ˜ผ ์•ˆ๋‚ธ๋‹คํ•˜๊ณ  ๋งํ•˜๋ฉด ํ˜ผ๋ƒ„

- scape goating(ํฌ์ƒ์–‘) : ์•„๋น ๋งŒ ์—†์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉด...

- triangulation : ๋ถ€๋ชจ์‚ฌ์ด๊ฐ€ ์•ˆ์ข‹์„ ๋•Œ ์ž๋…€๋ฅผ ๋†“๊ณ  ๋‹ˆํŽธ/๋‚ดํŽธ

โ— Cultural competence

A wareness ์ธ์ง€

S kill ๊ธฐ์ˆ 

K nowledge ์ง€์‹

E ncounter ๊ธฐํšŒ

D esire ์˜์ง€

- Pt culture : Nr์™€ Pt์˜ relationship

- open ended question์ด ๋” ์ข‹์Œ

โ— ์ข…๊ต

- ๋ชฐ๋ชฌ๊ต(Mormons) : ์•Œ์ฝœ, ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ, ์นดํŽ˜์ธ X , ๋‚จ์ž๊ฐ€ ํ™˜์ž ์ด๋งˆ์— ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋ธŒ ์˜ค์ผ ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๋Š” ํŠน์ • ํ–‰๋™

- ์ œ7์ผ ์•ˆ์‹๊ต(seventh day advenlist,SDA) : ์ฑ„์‹ / ์•Œ์ฝœ, ๋‹ด๋ฐฐ, ์นดํŽ˜์ธ X, ํ† ์š”์ผ(์•ˆ์‹์ผ)

- ์œ ๋Œ€๊ต(Judaism)

kosher diet

permit : beef, sheep, chicken, turcky, salmon, tuna, herring(์ •์–ด๋ฆฌ), meat & diary ๋”ฐ๋กœ ๋จน์–ด์•ผ๋จ

(3~4hr๊ฐ„๊ฒฉ, ์น˜์ฆˆ๋ฒ„๊ฑฐ X)

forbidden : fork, camel, eagle, crab, lobster, octopus, clam(์กฐ๊ฐœ)

์ƒํ›„ 8์ผ ํ›„ ํฌ๊ฒฝ์ˆ˜์ˆ , ํ† ์š”์ผ(์•ˆ์‹์ผ)

- Christian scientist : medical X (์˜ค์ง ์งˆ๋ณ‘ ๊ธฐ๋„)

- Jehovah's witness(์—ฌํ˜ธ์™€์˜์ฆ์ธ) : ์ˆ˜ํ˜ˆX(์ž๊ฐ€์ˆ˜ํ˜ˆO), ์ˆ˜ํ˜ˆ์ œ์ œ ์•ฝX

๋ถ€๋ชจ ์ข…๊ต, ์•„๋™ ์ˆ˜ํ˜ˆ ํ•„์š” : ๋ถ€๋ชจ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ•์š” X, ๋ณ‘์›์œค๋ฆฌ์œ„์›ํšŒ์—์„œ ๊ฒฐ์ •

- ์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ(Islam) : ํ•˜๋ฃจ 5๋ฒˆ๊ธฐ๋„(๋ฉ”์นดํ–ฅํ•ด), pork, alcohol X

- ํžŒ๋‘๊ต(Hinduism) : beef(์†Œ๊ณ ๊ธฐ) X

โ— ํŒŒํ‚จ์Šจ ๋ณ‘

Sx)

T remor

R igidity

A kinesia

P ostural instability

- Posture : stooped(๊ตฌ๋ถ€๋ฆผ)

- Gait(๋ณดํ–‰) : slow, shuffling(์งˆ์งˆ๋Œ๋ฉฐ), propulsive(์ถ”์ง„ํ•˜๋“ฏ)

- Motor : slow, chewing,swalloing, get In/out bed, micrographia(์†Œ์ž์ฆ, ์ž‘์€๊ธ€์”จ)

- Speech : soft low pitch, slurred, hypophonia

- Autonomic dysfunction : orthostatic hypotension, perspiration, oily skin

- Psychosocial : depressed, labile, dementia, sleep

Tx)

- levodopa, carbidopa : dopamine ๊ฐ•ํ™”์ œ, 4~6y ํšจ๊ณผ / tolerance๊ฐ€๋Šฅ(drug holiday : 10์ผ๊ฐ„ ์ค‘๋‹จ) /

Vit B6 ์•ฝ์˜ ์ž‘์šฉ ๋ฐฉํ•ด / protein ์•ฝ์˜ ํก์ˆ˜๋ฐฉํ•ด(with meal์‹œ protein X)

โ— ์•Œ์ธ ํ•˜์ด๋จธ

mild : forgetfullness (shorterm memory), ์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ ๋ณ€ํ™”

moderate : confusion

- confabulation(์ž‘ํ™”์ฆ, ๊ธฐ์–ต์ด ์•ˆ๋‚˜์„œ ์ด์•ผ๊ธฐ ๊พธ๋ฉฐ๋ƒ„)

- wandering(๊ธธ์„ ์žƒ๊ณ  ํ—ค๋งด)

- Aphasia(์‹ค์–ด์ฆ,๋‹จ์–ด ์ƒ๊ฐX)

- Apraxia(ํ–‰๋™X, ์นซ์†”์— ๋น„๋ˆ„)

- Agnosia(์ธ์‹X, ์ „ํ™”์˜ค๋ฉด ํ˜„๊ด€์— ๋‚˜๊ฐ)

- Amnesia(๊ธฐ์–ต์ƒ์‹ค)

- executive function X

severe : fragmented memory, ๋ชป ์•Œ์•„๋ด„, familiar person ์ธ์ง€ X

- sundown syndrome care : (Sx์‹ฌํ™”๋จ) daytime sleep โ†“, mild activility โ†‘, ๋Œ€ํ™”โ†‘

- bed side rail : 4๊ฐœ X ๋„˜์–ด๊ฐ€๋‹ค ๋‹ค์นจ, 2๊ฐœ๋งŒ O

mild moderate severe panic

motivating

growth(์„ฑ์žฅ๋™๋ ฅ)

alerteness

learingโ†‘

๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ

perceptual field

narrowing

selective

inattentiveness

(์„ ํƒ์‚ฐ๋งŒ, ์ฑ… 5๊ถŒ)

relaxation

tech.๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

์‚ฌ์†Œํ•œ๊ฒƒ์—์ง‘์ฐฉ

(์‹œํ—˜๋ณผ๋•Œ ์–ด๋ฏธ๋งŒ)

panic, phobia,

PTSD, OCD

much direation

dread

terror

impending doom

โ— grief

- anticipatory grief : loss, death์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ์˜ˆ์ธก๋œ (Pt์ƒํƒœ ์•…ํ™” ์ž์ฃผ ๋ฉดํšŒ์˜ค๋˜ ๋ณดํ˜ธ์ž๊ฐ€ ๋ฉดํšŒ ์•ˆ์˜ด)

- unresolved or dysfunctional grief : ์ง€์†๋œ ์Šฌํ””,,,(1y์ด ์ ๋‹น)

- disenfranchised grief(๋ฐ•ํƒˆ์ ) : ์‚ฌํšŒ์ ์„ ์šฉ์ธ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ์Šฌํ””(๋ฐ˜๋ ค๊ฒฌ, ๋‚ด์—ฐ๋‚จ)

โ— cirsis์ƒํƒœ

- ๋ชฉ์ ์ง€ํ–ฅ, ๊ฐ„ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ ‘๊ทผ, ํ•จ๊ผ ๋ฌธ์ œํ•ด๊ฒฐ, right help, right time(time limit : ~6wk,8wk)

โ— Imagine therapy

- ์ข‹์€ ๊ธฐ์–ต ์ƒ๊ฐ

- ์–ด๋–ค ๊ธฐ์–ต์„ ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์ •

- chronic pain์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ 

- ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ํ•„์š”

- cognition๋ฌธ์ œ Pt ํšจ๊ณผ X

โ— Anxiety disorder

- ์‹ ์ฒด์  ์ฆ์ƒ severe๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ฐœํ˜„

- relaxation tech. : mild~mod๊ฐ€๋Šฅ

- panic์‹œ ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์œ ์ง€(~6feet=2m, ๊ฐ€์žฅํŽธํ•œ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ)

โ— generalized anxiety disorder(GAD, ๋ฒ”๋ถˆ์•ˆ์žฅ์• )

: 6month์ด์ƒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ง€์†์ ์ธ ๋ถˆ์•ˆ

Sx)

- restlessness, ํ”ผ๋กœ, ์ง‘์ค‘X, irritability, muscle tension, sleep๋ฌธ์ œ ไธญ 3๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ

- ์‹ ์ฒด์  ๊ณ ํ†ต๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ ๅคš

Tx)

- relaxation tech

- psychotherapy

- ์ธ์ง€์น˜๋ฃŒ

- ์•ฝ๋ฌผ(non-benzo):buspirone(dependent X) benzo๊ณ„์—ด S/E, dependent๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์ œํ•œ๋จ

conversion disorder hypochodriasis(๊ฑด๊ฐ•์—ผ๋ ค์ฆ) somatization disorder

voluntary

neuro(๋งˆ๋น„,blind,deaf etc.)preoccupation with fear

many physicla Sx

์ฃผ๋กœ pain,G-I, sexual,

nerological Sx+

High competing collaboration

assertivenessavoiding

์‚ฌํ‡ด

accomodation

๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์„ธ์š”~

Low cooperation High

โ— Phobia : unreasonableํ•œ๊ฑธ ์•Œ์ง€๋งŒ ์–ด์ฉ” ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” irrational fear like panic

Tx) SSRI, non-benzo

โ— PTSD(posttraumatic stress disorder)

- cat-o-nine-tails : ๋งค์šฐ ์‹ฌํ•œ, 9๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ผฌ๋ฆฌ๋กœ ๋•Œ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋“ฏ

- hallucination, delusion ์ฆ์ƒ X

โ— OCD(obession compulsive disorder)

- ํ•ฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋งŒํผ ํ—ˆ์šฉํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•จ(limit)

- SSRI

- realisticํ•œ goal์„ค์ • (์ฆ์ƒ ์•„์˜ˆ ์—†์• ๊ธฐ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ)

โ— somatic disorder : ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ด ์‹ ์ฒด์  ์ฆ์ƒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐœํ˜„

- primary gain : Sx์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ anixeity ๊ฐ์†Œ

- secondary gain : ์‹ ์ฒด์  ์ฆ์ƒ focus X(์ง‘์ค‘์‹œ ๊ฐ•ํ™”๋จ)

โ— conflict problem : ์ผ์ข…์˜ stress

- ๊ฐ€์žฅ common : avoiding

โ— substance abuse

- ์ž์ฃผ ํ™”์žฅ์‹ค ๊ฐ

- ๋“€ํ‹ฐ ์•ž, ๋’ค๋กœ ์ผ๊ณผ ์ƒ๊ด€์—†์ด ์žˆ์Œ

- ํ™˜์ž painkiller ๋งž๊ณ  ํšจ๊ณผ ์—†๋‹ค๊ณ ํ•จ

- drug count๊ฐ€ ๊ณ„์† ํ‹€๋ฆผ

- mood ๋ณ€๋•

- irritability

- ๊ธด ์†Œ๋งค(๋‚ ์”จ์— ๋งž์ง€ ์•Š์€)

- ๋ถ€์ ์ ˆํ•œ ํ–‰๋™

- ๊ตฌ๊ฐ•์ฒญ๊ฒฐ์ œ ์ž์ฃผ ์‚ฌ์šฉ

- elaborate excuse(๋ณ€๋ช… ๅคš)

compromising

ํ˜‘์กฐO,ํฌ์ƒX

blue depression psychosis

5์ผ peak

10์ผ subside

labile mood

tearfulness(์ž˜ ์›€)

2wk~12month(6month)

fatigue

irritability

violent / out burst

uncontrolable sobbing(ํ

๋Š๋‚Œ)

feel guilty

์•„์ด ๊ด€์‹ฌ โ†“

depressed, manic

ER(์•„์ด๋ž‘ ์ž์‚ด๊ฐ€๋Šฅ)

1month~8wk

delusion, hallucination

reassurance

tiem to resolve

์•ฝ๋ฌผ, ECT

psycho therapy

antipsychotis

mood stabilizer(lithium)

โ— bipolar

manic Sx)

affective : elation, euphoria(์˜๊ธฐ์–‘์–‘) / expansiveness(๊ณผ์†Œ๋น„) / lack of guilty, shame

physiological : dehydration / nutrition, sleep X / wt.loss

cognitive : easily distracted / flight of idea / ๊ณผ๋Œ€๋ง์ƒ / delusion / illusion / ๋นŒ๋”ฉ์—์„œ ๋›ฐ์–ด๋„ ๊ดœ์ฐฎ๋‹ค

์ƒ๊ฐํ•จ / loose association

behavioral : poor personal grooming(์ž๊ธฐ ๋Œ๋ด„X), sexualโ†‘, socialationโ†‘(์นœํ•œ์ฒ™)

depression Sx)

hypersomnia / impaired concentration / fatigue

- stress โ†‘ ์ฆ์ƒ ๊ฐ•ํ™”

- I&O, V/S monitoring

- group meeting X, solitary activity O, milieu(ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์š”๋ฒ•) O

- limit setting

diet)

- frequent, ๊ณ ์นผ๋กœ๋ฆฌ, finger food, remind(๊ณ„์† ๋จน์œผ๋ผ๊ณ ), proteinโ†‘

- ํƒ€์ธ๊ณผ ์–ด์šธ๋ ค์„œ ๋จน๋Š”๊ฒŒ ์ข‹์Œ(์‚ฌํšŒ์„ฑ)

- ์Œ์‹ ๋ฌธ์ œ ๋‚˜์˜ค๋ฉด appetizer / main dish / dessert ๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์„œ ํ’€๋ฉด ์ข‹์Œ

โ— dysthymia(๊ธฐ๋ถ„๋ถ€์ „์žฅ์• ) : chronic depression 2y์ด์ƒ ์ง€์†์‹œ

โ— Postpartum ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ

risk factor)

- low self esteem, support X(๋…๋ฐ•์œก์•„, ๊ฐ€๋‚œ, ๊ต์œกโ†“, single), unplaned preg

โ— major depression(์ฃผ์š”์šฐ์šธ์žฅ์• )

- ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„, ๋งค์ผ 2wk์ด์ƒ ์ฃผ์š” ์ฆ์ƒ ์ค‘ 5๊ฐœ ์ด์ƒ์‹œ

- 2key Sx : depressed mood / loss interest or pleasure

- ์—ฌ์ž > ๋‚จ์ž

- young

- family Hx (ํ˜•์ œ) ์ค‘์š”!!

- mediacl ์งˆํ™˜ (๋งŒ์„ฑ์ )

- social support โ†“

โ—์ž์‚ด

์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„ ์ž์‚ด

- ๋‚จ์ž > ์—ฌ์ž (์‹œ๋„๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž)

- sexual orientation(์„ฑ์ •์ฒด์„ฑ)

- call for help

- ๋ถ€๋ชจ์—๊ฒŒ ์–˜๊ธฐํ•ด์•ผ๋จ

- ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ž˜ ์•Œ๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ

- aggressiveํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ฆ์ƒ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•จ

๋…ธ์ธ ์ž์‚ด

- ๋‚˜์ด ๋งŽ์„ ์ˆ˜๋ก

- ํ˜ผ์ž ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ

- ๋‚จ > ์—ฌ (์‹œ๋„๋Š” ์—ฌ์ž)

- ๋ฐฑ์ธ โ†‘

- ์‹œ๋„๋ณด๋‹ค ํ•œ ๋ฒˆ์— ์น˜๋ช…์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•„๋ฌด๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ํ•จ

- ๋Œ์ง๊ตฌ๋กœ ์ง์ ‘์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฌผ์–ด๋ด์•ผ๋จ

risk factor)

S ex ๋‚จ>์—ฌ

A ge ๋…ธ์ธ, ์ฒญ์†Œ๋…„

D epression

P revious attempt

E tanol alcohol / abuse

R ational thinking loss

S ocial supportโ†“

O rganize plan

N o spouse

S ickness : MS ๊ฐ€ ์ ค ๋นก์…ˆ, parkinson๋„

- ๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๋ฌผ๊ฑด ๋‚˜๋ˆ ์คŒ

- ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ ํ™˜์ž ์ฆ์ƒ ํ˜ธ์ „์‹œ์ž‘์‹œ

- ono to one supervision


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