+Chapter 10
classification
+Sec 1: Classification: Sorting it All Out
Classification – the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities
Why Classify?Classifying organisms makes it easier for
scientists to answer important questions, like:1) How many known species are there?2) What are their common characteristics?3) What are their relationships?
To classify an organism a biologist uses a system that groups them by shared characteristics
There are 7 levels of classification
+Levels of Classification
There are seven levels of classification (largest to smallest): 1) Kingdoms – are the largest most general
groups of organization There are 6 main kingdoms
2) Phylum – members of a phylum are more alike than members of another phylum
3) Classes 4) Orders 5) Families 6) Genus 7) Species
+
+What Is the Basis for Classification?
Taxonomy – is the science of identifying, classifying, and naming living thingsThis was created by a Swedish botanist
named Carolus Linnaeus
Thanks to Darwin, today’s taxonomists classify organisms based on presumed evolutionary relationships.
+Dichotomous Keys
Dichotomous Keys – is an aid used to identify unknown organisms. These keys consist of several pairs of descriptive questions that have two different questions.
These questions help you to identify the unknown organism
+Chapter 10 – Quiz 1 1) ___________ is an arrangement of organisms into
orderly groups based on their similarities
2) ___________ is the largest category that an organism can be placed in.
3) ___________ is the science of identifying, classifying, and naming living things
4) _________ or ___________ are the two languages use in naming living things
B) list the 7 levels of classification in order from largest to smallest
B2) What are the two kigdoms that bacteria can be placed in
+Section 2 - The Six Kingdoms
The Two Kingdoms of BacteriaBacteria – are extremely small single celled
organisms They are Prokaryotes
1) Archaebacteria – contain bacteria that can survive in extreme environmentsHave been on Earth for 3 billion years“archae” means ancient
2) Eubacteria - contains free-living bacteria found in a variety of environmentsthey live in the soil, water, and even inside
your body!
+3) Kingdom Protista
Protista – are commonly called protists. They are single or simple multi celled organismsThey are EukaryoticKingdom Protista contain all organisms
that are NOT plants, animals, or fungiFirst protists evolved over 2 billion years
ago and gave rise to plants, fungi, and animals
Examples include protozoa, mold, and algae
+4) Kingdom Plantae
Plantae – is the kingdom that contains plantsPlants are multicellular eukaryotic organisms that perform photosynthesis
Includes plants with a wide variety of shapes and sizes
+5) Kingdom Fungi
Fungi – is the kingdom that contains molds and mushrooms Fungi does not perform photosynthesis
Fungi are multicelluar organismsFungi absorb nutrients after breaking down their surroundings with digestive juices.
+6) Kingdom Animalia
Animalia – is the kingdom that contains animalsAnimals are complex multicellular eukaryotic organisms
They contain cells that DO NOT have cell walls
+Chapter 10 Quiz 2
1) ___________ are extremely small single-celled organisms that DO NOT contain a nucleus
2) ___________ is the kingdom that contain single celled or simple multicellular organisms that have a nucleus
3) __________ is the kingdom that contain organisms that can photosynthesize
4) __________ is the kingdom that contains mushrooms and molds
5) __________ is the kingdom that contains mullti-cellular organisms that DO NOT have cell walls
B) What is Mr. Manfreda’s middle name