+Chapter 10

classification

+Sec 1: Classification: Sorting it All Out

Classification – the arrangement of organisms into orderly groups based on their similarities

Why Classify?Classifying organisms makes it easier for

scientists to answer important questions, like:1) How many known species are there?2) What are their common characteristics?3) What are their relationships?

To classify an organism a biologist uses a system that groups them by shared characteristics

There are 7 levels of classification

+Levels of Classification

There are seven levels of classification (largest to smallest): 1) Kingdoms – are the largest most general

groups of organization There are 6 main kingdoms

2) Phylum – members of a phylum are more alike than members of another phylum

3) Classes 4) Orders 5) Families 6) Genus 7) Species

+

+What Is the Basis for Classification?

Taxonomy – is the science of identifying, classifying, and naming living thingsThis was created by a Swedish botanist

named Carolus Linnaeus

Thanks to Darwin, today’s taxonomists classify organisms based on presumed evolutionary relationships.

+Dichotomous Keys

Dichotomous Keys – is an aid used to identify unknown organisms. These keys consist of several pairs of descriptive questions that have two different questions.

These questions help you to identify the unknown organism

+Chapter 10 – Quiz 1 1) ___________ is an arrangement of organisms into

orderly groups based on their similarities

2) ___________ is the largest category that an organism can be placed in.

3) ___________ is the science of identifying, classifying, and naming living things

4) _________ or ___________ are the two languages use in naming living things

B) list the 7 levels of classification in order from largest to smallest

B2) What are the two kigdoms that bacteria can be placed in

+Section 2 - The Six Kingdoms

The Two Kingdoms of BacteriaBacteria – are extremely small single celled

organisms They are Prokaryotes

1) Archaebacteria – contain bacteria that can survive in extreme environmentsHave been on Earth for 3 billion years“archae” means ancient

2) Eubacteria - contains free-living bacteria found in a variety of environmentsthey live in the soil, water, and even inside

your body!

+3) Kingdom Protista

Protista – are commonly called protists. They are single or simple multi celled organismsThey are EukaryoticKingdom Protista contain all organisms

that are NOT plants, animals, or fungiFirst protists evolved over 2 billion years

ago and gave rise to plants, fungi, and animals

Examples include protozoa, mold, and algae

+4) Kingdom Plantae

Plantae – is the kingdom that contains plantsPlants are multicellular eukaryotic organisms that perform photosynthesis

Includes plants with a wide variety of shapes and sizes

+5) Kingdom Fungi

Fungi – is the kingdom that contains molds and mushrooms Fungi does not perform photosynthesis

Fungi are multicelluar organismsFungi absorb nutrients after breaking down their surroundings with digestive juices.

+6) Kingdom Animalia

Animalia – is the kingdom that contains animalsAnimals are complex multicellular eukaryotic organisms

They contain cells that DO NOT have cell walls

+Chapter 10 Quiz 2

1) ___________ are extremely small single-celled organisms that DO NOT contain a nucleus

2) ___________ is the kingdom that contain single celled or simple multicellular organisms that have a nucleus

3) __________ is the kingdom that contain organisms that can photosynthesize

4) __________ is the kingdom that contains mushrooms and molds

5) __________ is the kingdom that contains mullti-cellular organisms that DO NOT have cell walls

B) What is Mr. Manfreda’s middle name