Zyg

om

atic

arc

h

Mastoid tip

Nose

Feet

Occiput

Emissary vein

Macewen’s triangle

Complications:Hemorrhage . Dissectional. Temporal line. Meninge. sinodural angle. Sigmoid sinus.Destruction of posterior canal wall.Perforation of posterior canal wall.

Head

Complications: Failing to identify: Korner’s septom. Anrum. Tegmen plate . Destruction of posterior canal wall. Perforation of posterior canal wall.

Mastoid tip

Tegmen plate

Sino dural angle

Posterior E

xternal auditory canal

Complications: Failing to identify : Digastric ridge. Falopian’s Canals. Tegmen plate . Destruction of posterior canal wall. Perforation of posterior canal wall.

Complications:Unable to recognize of: Digastric ridge. Falopian’s Canals. Tegmen plate . Retrofacial area.

Antrotomy complications :

1 - Posterior Canal wall2 - Lateral semicircular canal3- Tegmen Plate 4 - Fossa Incudis and Incus5 - Posterior S C C

Landmarks :

1 - Tegmen tympani 2 – Incus3 - Lateral semicircular canal4 - Malleus5 - Facial nerve

Tympanoplasty Complications:Unable to recognize of: Digastric ridge. Falopian’s Canals. Tegmen plate . Retrofacial area.

Landmarks :

1 - Posterior Canal wall2 - Lateral semicircular canal3 - Lateral semicircular canal4 - Fossa Incudis and Incus5 - Pyramidal Genu of VII N6 - Facial recess cells !

Landmarks :

1 - Facial nerve2 - Chorda tympani 3 - Lateral semicircular canal4 - Fossa Incudis and Incus5 - Pyramidal Genu of VII N6 - Stapes

Landmarks :

1 - Posterior canal wall1 - Facial nerve2 - Incus3 - Tegmen tympani4 - Sigmoid sinus 5 - Sinodural angle8 - LSCC

Bleeding or infection in the ear or in the wound Failure of the repair. Persistence of the tympanic membrane perforation may occur and may require further surgery

Recurrence of the tympanic membrane perforation may occur and may require further surgery Ringing (tinnitus) or dizziness may occur and may be temporary permanent Failure to improve hearing. An improvement in hearing may not be apparent despite the surgery being successful in repairing the hole Altered sensation of taste may occasionally occur Intracranial complications are rare Partial loss of hearing or total loss of hearing may rarely occur Temporary loss of sensation to pinna. Temporary or permanent paralysis of the muscles of the face may rarely occur Abnormal scar tissue formation. This may result in a thickened, wide red scar which may require further surgery