Zofia K. Rybkowski, PhD...Curriculum Vitae for Zofia K. Rybkowski, PhD Date of this version: August 20, 2016 P a g e | 2 Rybkowski, Z. K. (1987). “Ultrastructural analysis of rat

_____________________________________________________________________________Curriculum Vitae for Zofia K. Rybkowski, PhD

Date of this version: August 20, 2016

P a g e | 1

CURRICULUM VITAE

Zofia K. Rybkowski, PhD Associate Professor, Department of Construction Science

Fellow, Center for Health Systems and Design

Fellow, Institute for Applied Creativity Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3137

[email protected]; 979-845-4354 (o); 979-446-2228 (c)

_______________________________________________________________________

AREAS OF RESEARCH INTEREST

Innovations in construction management: lean construction and lean metrics, lean game theory,

lean behavioral simulations, target value design, life cycle cost analysis, environmentally

sustainable architecture and construction, line-of-balance scheduling, evidence-based design for

healthcare facilities, Integrated Project Delivery, self-regulating building systems

EDUCATION

PhD, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2009

Certificate in Management of Technology, 2009

MS, Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2005

MPhil, Civil Engineering, 2004

MArch, Architecture, 1991

MS, Biology, 1987

BS, Biology, Phi Beta Kappa,* 1985

University of California, Berkeley



Hong Kong University of Science & Technology

Harvard University Graduate School of Design

Brown University

Stanford University

*Phi Beta Kappa is a national honor society for undergraduate scholarly achievement. Approximately 10%

of the graduating class at Stanford University is elected to Phi Beta Kappa.

Dissertation and Theses:

Rybkowski, Z. K. (2009). “The Application of Root Cause Analysis and Target Value Design to

Evidence-Based Design in the Capital Planning of Healthcare Facilities,” PhD dissertation, Civil

and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley. Committee: Dr. Iris

Tommelein (chair); Dr. Glenn Ballard, and Dr. Sara Beckman.

[Cited by 19]

Rybkowski, Z. K. (2004). “Toward Energy Sustainability in Hong Kong: A Life Cycle Cost

Analysis Case Study on Low Thermal Energy Transfer Envelopes for a Mid-Rise Commercial

Building,” MPhil Thesis, Civil Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology,

Hong Kong. Committee: Dr. Moe MS Cheung (Chair), Dr. JS Kuang, Dr. GH Chen, and Dr.

Irene Lo.

Rybkowski, Z. K. (1991). “School for biology teachers: a memory theater of modern

consequence,” MArch Thesis, Architecture, Harvard Graduate School of Design, Cambridge,

MA. Thesis chair: Mr. Jorge Silvetti.



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Rybkowski, Z. K. (1987). “Ultrastructural analysis of rat seminiferous epithelium and Sertoli cell

microtubules following 2, 5-hexanedione exposure,” MS Thesis, Biology, Brown University,

Providence, RI. Thesis chair: Dr. Kim Boekelheide.

PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE

Texas A&M University

Department of Construction Science

College of Architecture

College Station, TX

Associate Professor, 2016-present (tenured)

Assistant Professor, 2009-2016

Fellow, Center for Health Systems & Design

Fellow, Institute for Applied Creativity

Satterfield and Pontikes, Houston Texas

Faculty company site research,

June 1-July 9, 2010

Stanford, Brown, Harvard, HKUST and


Teaching & Research Assistant, 1984-2009

HOK Asia/Pacific International, Hong Kong;

The Oval Partnership, Hong Kong; Dennis

Lau & Ng Chun Man Architects and

Engineers, Hong Kong; Shimizu Corporation,

Tokyo, Japan

Architectural Designer, 1991-2004

University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong

Department of Architecture

Visiting Lecturer under Fulbright Grant,

1994-1995

HONORS and AWARDS

Recipient, New Scholar Program, Construction Industry Institute (CII), 2016

Construction Management Association of America Scholarship

(Northern California Chapter; top award recipient), 2007

Departmental Fellowship (UC Berkeley, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering),

2006-2007

Harry H. Hilp Fellowship (University of California, Berkeley), 2004

Departmental Fellowship (Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Department of

Civil Engineering), 2003-2004

Class Marshall (singular honor bestowed by graduating classmates, Harvard, GSD), 1991

Construction Institute of Boston Excellence Award (Harvard GSD recipient), 1991

American Institute of Architects Scholarship Award, 1990-1991



P a g e | 3

RESEARCH GRANTS

Funded: Competitive External

2015 Title: Interaction of Smart Materials for Transparent, Self-Regulating

Building Skins

Sponsor: National Science Foundation (NSF): Early Concept Grants for

Exploratory Research (EAGER) # 1548243

CMMI (SAE): Division of Civil, Mechanical, and Manufacturing

Innovation (Structural and Architectural Engineering and Materials)

Position: Principal Investigator (with co-PIs Ergun Akleman, co-PI Tahir

Cagin, Co-PI Terry Creasy, and Co-PI Negar Kalantar)

Duration: September 1, 2015-October 31, 2017

Amount: $239,596

2015 Title: Development of smart, self-regulated building systems inspired by

comparative bio-physiologies

Sponsor: 2015 NSF Early-Career Investigators Workshop on Cyber-Physical

Systems in Smart Cities

Position: Workshop participant (by proposal selection)

Duration: April 13 - 17, 2015

Amount: $1,500

2013 Title: The Value Analysis of Lean Processes in Target Value Design and

Integrated Project Delivery

Sponsor: AAHF (Academy of Architecture for Health Foundation)

Position: Co-Principal Investigator with Dr. Upali Nanda (CADRE: Center for

Advanced Design Research & Evaluation)

Duration: January-December 2014

Amount: $20,000

2012 Title: Developing a Standard for High Performance Buildings in Qatar

Sponsor: National Priority Research Program (NPRP No.: 5-1445-2-614)

Position: Co-Principal Investigator (with lead PI John Bryant, Co-PI Mardelle

Shepley and consultants Alex Amato and Cynthia Skelhorn)

Duration: January 2013-December 2014

Amount: $635,923

1993 Title: Hong Kong and Chinese Architecture

Sponsor: Fulbright Grant: Institute for International Education The Fulbright U.S. Student Program provides grants for individually designed

study/research projects; On average, the US Student Fulbright Program acceptance

rate for East Asia/Pacific is approximately 20%. Position: Principal Investigator (sole recipient)

Duration: Fall 1994-Fall 1995

Amount: $16,000



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Funded: Non-competitive External

2006 Title: The evidence-based design literature review and its potential

implications for capital budgeting of healthcare facilities

Sponsor: Health Research and Education Trust

Position: Researcher, with lead PI, Glenn Ballard

Duration: Fall 2006-Fall 2007

Amount: $10,000

Funded: Competitive Internal

2012 Title: Development of flipped course materials for COSC 175

(Construction Graphics Communication)

Sponsor: 2012 Faculty Institute “Flipping your course” by Instructional

Technology Services

Position: Workshop participant with funds applicable to research

Duration: November 5-9, 2012

Amount: $2,000

2012 Title: Real Projects: An Interdisciplinary Proposal for High Impact

Learning through Service to the Community

Sponsor: Initiative for High Impact Learning Experiences (TAMU College of

Architecture)

Position: Co-Investigator/Researcher, with Mark Clayton (PI), Geoffrey

Booth (co-PI), Jose Solis (co-PI), Julian Kang, Ben Bigelow, Joshua

Bienko, Ming Han Li, and Bruce Dvorak

Duration: Fall 2012-Spring 2013

Amount: Total: $25,000 (award distributed as $500 per participating research

faculty)

2010 Title: Development & Delivery of Target Value Design & Integrated

Project Delivery Learning Modules for Lean Construction

Guidebook

Sponsor: Construction Industry Advisory Council (CIAC), TAMU

Position: Principal Investigator


Amount: $25,000

Not Funded: Competitive External

2016 Title: NSF-iCorps

Sponsor: Comprehensive simulation for the integrated delivery of capital

projects

Position: PI with Entrepreneurial Lead Danny Kahler and Industry Mentor

Andrea Strzelec

Duration: 6 weeks

Amount: $50,000

2016 Title: Integrated Project Delivery for Industrial Projects (RTS#7)

Sponsor: Construction Industry Institute, CII



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Position: Co-PI with PI Pardis Pishdad-Bozorgi, Georgia Institute of

Technology

Duration: 2 years

Amount: Approx. $250,000

2016 Title: Shape Control Strategies by Shape Memory Hybrid Composites

Design

Sponsor: Strategic Areas Interdisciplinary Research Proposal; Seed Funding

Grant offered by TEES, the Dwight Look College of Engineering

and Texas A&M University Division of Research

Position: Co-PI with PI Terry Creasy, co-PI Efstratios Pistikopoulos, Co-PI

Darren Hartl, co-PI Theocharis Baxevanis, co-PI Ergun Akleman,

and Post-Doc Nominee Nikiforos Maragos

Duration: Sept 2016-Sept 2017

Amount: $50,000

2015 Title: Accepted to represent TAMU for competitive external review:

Smart Materials: A Vertically Integrated Multidisciplinary Graduate

Educational Program

Sponsor: National Science Foundation Research Traineeship Program (NRT)

Innovations in Graduate Education (IGE) Track

DGE: Division of Graduate Education

Position: Co-PI, with PI Ergun Akleman, co-PI Tahir Cagin, co-PI Thomas

McKnight, & co-PI Terry Creasy

Duration: 2015-2018

Amount: $499,554

2015 Title: Modeling, Simulation and Optimizing of Project Implementation by

Loosely Connected Organizations

Sponsor: National Science Foundation

SES: Division of Social and Economic Sciences

Position: Co-PI, with PI Ergun Akleman and co-PI Takashi Yamaguchi

Duration: 2015-2018

Amount: $499,953

2014 Title: Kentucky/Texas/Pennsylvania-Focus on Reading-Sustainability

Research Network

Sponsor: National Science Foundation Sustainability Research Networks

Competition (Focus: Urban Sustainability)

Position: Researcher with PI, Gregory Luhan, Co-PI Mardelle Shepley, Co-PI

Wei Yan, and 6 co-Investigators (inclusive)

Duration: September 2014-September 2018

Amount: $4,817,604

2014 Title: Development of a Financial Framework for Return on Investment

of Lean, Integrated Project Delivery, and Target Value Design

Sponsor: Academy Of Architecture For Health Foundation

Position: Principal Investigator (sole)

Duration: January-December, 2015

Amount: $20,000



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2014 Title: Integrating Sustainable Building Principles and Lean Processes to

Achieve Resilient Environments and Resilient Design Practice

Sponsor: Prime Sponsor: American Institute of Architects, 2015 La Trobe

Prize; Sponsor: Cornell University

Position: Principle Investigator (TAMU side)


Amount: $41,672 total; $12,887 (TAMU side)

2014 Title: Use of Virtual Modeling and the Implicit Association Test to

Improve Veteran Affairs Healthcare Facility Design Decisions


(CAREER: Faculty Early Career Development Program)

Position: Principle Investigator (sole)

Duration: February 2015-January 2020

Amount: $400,000

2014 Title: Optimization of Construction Operations through a Value Resource

Mapping System - A Multiple Related Complex System Based on

Organizations' Core Activities

Sponsor: National Science Foundation, Engineering and Systems Design

Position: Co-Principal Investigator (33.3%), with PI Jose Fernandez-Solis

and Co-PI Boong Ryoo

Duration: September 2014-August 2017

Amount: $628,623

2014 Title: Automating Construction Optimization through a Reliability

Modification Rate - a Multiple Related Complex System Approach

based on Game Theories


Position: Co-Principal Investigator (33.3%), with PI Jose Fernandez-Solis

and Co-PI Boong Ryoo

Duration: May 2014-April 2017

Amount: $503,536

Not Funded: Competitive Internal

2015 Title: Smart Buildings: A Vertically Integrated Multidisciplinary

Educational Program

Sponsor: 2015 Tier One Program (TOP): Integration of Multidisciplinary

Research and Creative Activities into the Learning Experience

(TAMU)

Position: Co-PI, with PI Ergun Akleman and co-PI Tahir Cagin, co-PI

Thomas McKnight, and co-PI Terry Creasy

Duration: 3 years

Amount: $270,000



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2013 Title: Cultural exploration of stakeholder tendencies for alignment and

mis-alignment during Integrated Project Delivery

Sponsor: Construction Industry Advisory Council (CIAC), TAMU

Position: Principal Investigator (sole)


Amount: $25,000

RESEARCH

Total number of citations: 134 (Includes citation of dissertation; see page 1)

h-index:7

All counts are according to Google Scholar, as of September 8, 2015

Note:

Citations follow the ASCE format

Student authors are indicated by an asterisk*

PUBLICATIONS

Peer-reviewed Journal Articles, published

“A*” rated journal: “Virtually all papers they publish will be of a very high quality. These are journals where most of the

work is important (it will really shape the field) and where researchers boast about getting accepted,” according to the

Australian Research Council (ARC), a governmental authority sponsored by the Australian Government. PESA (2011).

<http://www.pesa.org.au/html_new/quality.htm>, September 21, 2011.

* * *

Rybkowski, Z. K., Shepley, M. M., Bryant, J. A., Skelhorn, C., Amato, A., and Kalantari, S. (2016).

“Facility management in Qatar: Current state, perceptions, and recommendations,” Facilities,

Manuscript ID f-06-2016-0070. Accepted for publication with minor revisions.

(ISSN: 0263-2772)

Abstract: PURPOSE. This study aimed to identify the current challenges and opportunities faced by facility

managers (FMs) in Doha, Qatar. DESIGN. Researchers queried 40 FMs about their experience working in

Qatar, using interviews and workshops. FINDINGS. Comments gathered followed general patterns.

Participants expressed appreciation for their work, but also concern about cultural challenges they faced

managing facilities in the region. In general, it was agreed that the low cost of water and energy in Qatar

is one of the largest obstacles to conserving resources; however current consumption is not sustainable.

RESEARCH LIMITATIONS. The sensitive nature of this study made strict demands on the research team

to maintain participant anonymity during data collection and reporting. This sensitivity also limited the

sample size; a larger sample size for future research would support greater generalizability. SOCIAL

IMPLICATIONS. Qatar is taking steps to reduce its per capita carbon footprint and energy use, which is

among the highest in the world. However, there appears to be a disconnect between Qatar’s expressed



P a g e | 8

intentions and its actions with respect to facility management. To ensure that Qatar manages resources

more efficiently, participants recommended that reduced energy use standards be adopted and legally

mandated. This action would address many of the challenges, incentivise increased qualifications and

training of FM professionals working in Qatar, and encourage improvement of the long-term performance

of buildings which are energy drains and heavy contributors to greenhouse gas emissions.

ORIGINALITY/VALUE. Prior to this study little has been published about current practices of facility

management in Doha, Qatar, and the challenges and opportunities that facility managers (FM) face in this

region.

Nanda, U., Rybkowski, Z. K., Pati, S., Nejati, A. (2016). "A Value Analysis of Lean Processes in

Target Value Design and Integrated Project Delivery: Stakeholder Perception," Health Environments

Research and Design Journal (HERD), Manuscript ID HERD160015.R1. Revised and accepted for

publication.

(Note: HERD is one of the only currently existing peer-reviewed journals dedicated exclusively to evidence-based design

of healthcare facilities) (ISSN: 1937-5867 print, 2167-5112 online)

Abstract: OBJECTIVE. To investigate what key stakeholders consider to be the advantages and the

opportunities for improvement in using lean thinking and tools in the Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)

process. METHOD. A detailed literature review was followed by case study of a Lean-IPD project.

Interviews with members of the Project Leadership Team, focus groups with the integrated team as well

as the design team, and an online survey of all stakeholders were conducted. ANALYSIS. Statistical

analysis and thematic content analysis were used to analyze the data, followed by a plus-delta analysis.

RESULTS. 1) Learning is a large, implicit benefit of Lean-IPD that is not currently captured by any success

metric; 2) The cardboard mock-up was the most successful lean strategy; 3) Although a collaborative

project, the level of influence of different stakeholder groups was perceived to be different by different

stakeholders; 4) Overall Lean-IPD was rated as better than traditional design-bid-build methods; and 5)

Opportunities for improvement reported were increase in accurate cost estimating, more efficient use of

time, perception of imbalance of control/ influence, and need for facilitation (which represents different

points of view). CONCLUSION. While lean tools and an integrated project delivery method are preferred

to traditional design-bid build methods, the perception of different stakeholders varies and more work

needs to be done to allow a truly shared decision making model. Learning was identified as one of the

biggest advantages.

Fernández-Solis, J. L., Rybkowski, Z. K., Xiao, C.,* Lü, X., and Chae, L. S. (2015). “General

contractor’s project of projects--a meta-project: Understanding the new paradigm and its implications

through the lens of entropy,” Architectural Engineering and Design Management, 11(3), 213-242.

(ISSN: 1745-2007 print, 1752-7589 online)

[Cited by 1]

Abstract: Why do Koskela and others argue that the underlying theory of project management (PM) is

obsolete? Project management works for the manufacturing industry, and for the construction industry at

both the physical production level and the subcontractor level. Stakeholders, including the owner (along

with due diligence, and O&M teams), architect (and the design team), general contractor (and its

subcontractor team) create, transmit, process, manage and use information. The boundary between

information (creation and transmission) and physical production is where PM controls and predicts cost

and schedule and where quality controls fail to work as intended. This paper argues that subcontractors

give project numbers for the physical part of the project, while general contractors' project numbers are

actually a project of projects (those of the subcontractors). The general contractor manages a meta-project

(term and definition, as related to building construction, coined by Fernandez-Solis). The meta-project

paradigm has significant consequences and is the key to a novel understanding of the general contractor

role. Lean construction's percent (or promise) plan complete (PPC) gages the reliability of promises made,



P a g e | 9

is a useful and viable indicator of the quality of the schedule, and serves as a surrogate measure of project

flow – how smoothly or chaotically a project runs. The PPC is operationalized as an index that meta-project

stakeholders can use to calibrate the reliability of work in progress and provide feedback on the

predictability/variability of logistic plans. The methodology of this paper uses conceptual analysis, the

metonymic mapping of key concepts from the thermodynamics domain to the construction domain and

showcases the concepts through PPC case studies. Information entropy theories are discerned in the PPC

reports. In conclusion, scientific information theories, principles and characteristics of flow, in contrast to

managerial principles, provide a clearer background for visualizing a novel understanding of the state of

the project flow at the meta-project level. It could be argued that this paper is about defining a reference

discipline and construed as “construction science viewed through the lens of entropy” but this is not the

focus of this paper but the topic of the next.

Bilbo, D., Bigelow, B. F, Rybkowski, Z. K. and Kamranzadeh, A.,* (2014). “Effects of family-

related factors on female project managers’ salaries in the construction industry in the United States,” International Journal of Construction Education and Research, 00:1-13.


[Cited by 4]

Abstract: This study explores predictors of female project managers’ salary in the construction industry

and analyzes the relationship between salaries and specific variables. Although prior research indicates a

relationship does exist between certain variables and women’s salaries that research does not focus on the

construction industry. This research sought to identify correlations between experience, age, marital status,

motherhood, having children at home, and the number of children at home, and female project manager’s

salaries in the construction industry. To our knowledge, this study represents the only research of its kind

specific to women project managers in the U.S. construction industry. Utilizing a snowball sampling

method, 206 survey responses were collected and analyzed through comprehensive descriptive and

statistical analyses. A regression model was constructed to determine the predictive power of the variables

studied. Fifty percent of the variability in female project manager’s salary can be accounted for by the

model produced. The study’s sample showed that, being married and having children at home are

negatively correlated with female project managers’ salaries. As would be expected, age and experience

are also correlated and the correlation is strongly positive.

Shepley, M. M., Rybkowski, Z. K., Aliber, J., and Lange, C. (2012). "Ambulatory infusion suite:

Pre- and post-occupancy evaluation," Building Research and Information, 40(6), 700-712.

“A*” rated journal (ARC); Impact factor: 2.156


[Cited by 2]

Abstract: An evaluation is presented of the experience of patients, families and staff in two infusion suites.

One infusion suite was a facility occupied until 2009 and the other suite was the replacement for that

facility. The primary design objectives of the new facility were to support social interaction, provide

opportunities for privacy and provide visual access to nature. The effectiveness of the new facility relative

to the old facility with regard to these three design objectives served as the source of hypotheses for the

study. Using a Likert-style survey and open-ended questions, the findings suggest that the new facility was

successful at addressing these design goals. Subjects were also queried regarding whether these design

objectives were important in an infusion suite. The vast majority of the respondents in the new facility

indicated that social interaction, privacy and access nature were important in this setting.



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Rybkowski, Z. K., Shepley, M. M., and Ballard, H. G. (2012). "Target Value Design: Applications

to newborn intensive care units," Health Environments Research and Design Journal (HERD), 5(4),

5-22.

(Note: HERD is one of the only currently existing peer-reviewed journals dedicated exclusively to evidence-based design

of healthcare facilities) (ISSN: 1937-5867 print, 2167-5112 online)

[Cited by 3]

Abstract: There is a need for greater understanding of the health impact of various design elements in

neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) as well as cost-benefit information to make informed decisions about

the long-term value of design decisions. This is particularly evident when design teams are considering the

transition from open-bay NICUs to single-family-room (SFR) units. This paper introduces the guiding

principles behind target value design (TVD)-a price-led design methodology that is gaining acceptance in

healthcare facility design within the Lean construction methodology. The paper also discusses the role that

set-based design plays in TVD and its application to NICUs.

Fernandez-Solis, J.L., and Rybkowski, Z. K. (2012). "A theory of waste and value," International

Journal of Construction Project Management, Vol. 4, Issue 2; ref: MS12-02-A135, 89-105.

(ISSN: 1944-1436)

[Cited by 4]

Abstract: Waste and value are ambiguous concepts, making it difficult to visualize where and how they

occur in construction. This paper visualizes waste and value in construction at three scales: systemic,

synergistic and discrete and from the perspectives of stakeholders: owners (strategic), middle managers

(logistics) and field personnel (tactical). This paper uses literature search, critical rationalism and theory

building to graphically depict how waste is unknowingly embedded in construction design and production.

This paper proposes that additional research is needed to measure synergistic and systemic waste and value.

Visualizing waste in construction is the point of departure for those seeking to find and minimize or

eliminate waste and create a theory for the discipline. The authors assert that the cost of waste + cost of

value = total cost, implying that, as the cost of waste decreases, the proportion of cost of value, vis-à-vis

the cost of the project, increases. This paper is aimed at stakeholders who want to better understand how

lean initiatives fit into the quest for value creation and waste elimination.

Rybkowski, Z. K., Zhou, X.,* Lavy, S. and Fernández-Solís, J. (2012). “Investigation into the nature

of productivity gains observed during the Airplane Game lean simulation,” Lean Construction

Journal, 78-90.

48% acceptance rate since journal founded in 2003

(ISSN: 1555-1369)

[Cited by 3]

Abstract: Research Question: What is the nature of productivity gains observed during live playing of the

lean simulation, the “airplane game”? Purpose: The purpose of this research is to investigate and identify

the nature of productivity gains observed during live playing of the lean simulation, the airplane game. The

intent is two-fold: (1) to identify the specific mechanistic impact of each lean principle, as it is successively

introduced; and (2) to identify the productivity contributions of non-mechanistic phenomena such as

learning curve and/or Hawthorne Effect. The game serves as a proxy for controlled experimentation in the

field—experimentation that is difficult to conduct on actual construction projects but that is important

when making claims regarding generalizability of results. Research Method: To identify the specific

mechanistic impact of each lean principle, researchers used Microsoft Excel to graphically map the airplane



P a g e | 11

simulation, station-by-station and second-by-second. Metrics such as time to first batch, number of

successful planes and work-in-process were derived from the Excel graphic and evaluated after each round

to understand the specific impact of each successively-introduced lean principle. To identify the specific

impact of non-mechanistic processes on productivity (such as learning curve and Hawthorne effect),

researchers compared average results from live playings against results derived from the Excel graphic.

Findings: Comparison of results obtained from the Excel graphic demonstrate the following: (1) reducing

batch sizes primarily results in reduced time to first batch; transitioning from a push to pull system

primarily results in reduction of work-in-process; and transitioning from an uneven loading of work to a

work-leveled system primarily results in an increased amount of final product; and (2) the contribution of

productivity gains from non-mechanistic phenomena such as learning curve and/or Hawthorne effect is

relatively minor (i.e. approximately 70% of productivity gains in time to first batch can be attributable to

the mechanistic benefits from the four tested lean principles; 30% can be attributed to non-mechanistic

phenomena). Limitations: We chose a deterministic model to enhance clarity. However, a stochastic

simulation would have better represented time distributions observed in reality. Implications: Our results

are intended to help lean researchers and participants understand the nature of productivity gains observed

during live playing of the lean simulation, the “airplane game.” They are also intended to give lean

practitioners the assurance that, if performed correctly, introduction of lean principles on a construction

project will produce productivity gains. Value for practitioners: This paper is intended to address some

common concerns from players and to help inform those who administer the game.

Fernandez-Solis, J.L., Lavy, S., Porwal, V.,* Shaafat, A., Rybkowski, Z. K., Son, K., and Lagoo,

N.* (2012). "Survey of motivations, benefits and implementation challenges of Last Planner®

System Users," Journal of Construction Engineering and Management (ASCE), 139(4), 354-360.



[Cited by 9]

Abstract: The number of construction project managers initializing the use of the Last Planner System of

Production Control (LPS), an operating system for project management designed to optimize work flow

and promote rapid learning, is rapidly increasing, motivated by industry trends and testimonials of its

perceived benefits. This study, limited to the building sector, is a systematic literature and testimonial

search of the perceived motivations and benefits or challenges for choosing LPS. It substantiates the claims

of those perceptions through a structured survey of senior and mid-level managers. Quantitative statistical

tools infer that practitioners who use LPS experience more reliable planning, better supply chain

integration, and less work flow time. However, managers who directly implement LPS are faced with

external resistance from clients and subcontractors, and feel that their organization does not offer the

necessary incentives for adopting LPS, indicating a possible clash of paradigms. The case studies and

testimonials were available in the literature referenced in the paper, but the survey and the method for

analysis are new and have not been published elsewhere, either wholly or in part.

Peer-reviewed Journal Articles, submitted and under review

Kalantari, S.,* Shepley, M. M., Rybkowski, Z. K., and Bryant, J. A. (2017 anticipated). “A model

for better integration of facility management perspectives in design,” Building Research and

Information (Manuscript ID 16BR0935-RE: Submitted and under review).





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Kalantari, S.,* Shepley, M. M., and Rybkowski, Z. K. (2017 anticipated). “Collaboration between

designers and facility managers: Comparing the United Kingdom, the United States, and the Middle

East,” Building Research and Information (Manuscript ID f-08-2016-0081: Submitted and under

review).

(ISSN: 0263-2772)

Peer-reviewed Journal Articles, in preparation

Rybkowski, Z. K., and Kulkarni, A. (2016). Working title: “Cost comparison of early constructor

involvement project delivery methods versus late involvement project delivery methods," To submit

to: Journal of Construction Engineering and Management (ASCE).

Ramanath, V.,* Rybkowski, Z. K., Jahangiri, B* (2016). “Exploratory investigation into influence

of educational background on tendency to collaborate among owners, architects, engineers, and

contractors,” to submit to: Architectural Education and Design Management.

Peer-reviewed Conference Proceedings, published

“A” rated conference: “The majority of papers in a Tier A journal will be of very high quality,” according to the Australian

Research Council (ARC), a governmental authority sponsored by the Australian Government. PESA (2011).

<http://www.pesa.org.au/html_new/quality.htm>, September 21, 2011. Only 21% (414 of 1947 conferences listed) are

considered in this top category (“A” rated). “B” rated conference includes 27% or next 527 of 1947 conference listed.

Note: As of 2014, the IGLC conference has a 58% paper acceptance rate.

* * *

Rybkowski, Z. K., Munankami, M.,* Shepley, M. M., and Fernández-Solis, J. L. (2016).

“Development and testing of a lean simulation to illustrate key principles of Target Value Design: A

first run study.” Proceedings of the 24thannual conference for the International Group for Lean

Construction; July 20-22, 2016: Boston, MA, Sect. 4 pp. 133–142.

“A” rated conference (ARC)

Abstract: Target Value Design (TVD) is increasingly being used for Lean-Integrated Project Delivery

processes—especially in the healthcare facility sector. However, the basic principles of TVD take time to

comprehend and can seem daunting when implemented for the first time on actual projects. The

QUESTION this research sought to address is: Can basic principles of TVD be effectively taught via a

relatively simple and brief simulation? The PURPOSE of this research was to develop and test a new

simulation that would clearly illustrate basic principles of TVD. The RESEARCH METHOD used for this

paper was the iterative development and testing a simplified simulation that modified and extended the

“marshmallow challenge” game developed by Peter Skillman. The TVD simulation was tested by

construction science students and design professionals in the US and Nepal. FINDINGS suggested the

simulation offers an effective way to convey basic TVD principles such as Estimated Cost, Market Cost,

Allowable Cost, and Target Cost, and designing to these parameters. The research had some

LIMITATIONS, namely that it primarily addressed functional issues as criteria for design success and did

not engage all aspects of TVD processes commonly used, such as A3 development, set-based design, or

decision-making using Choosing by Advantages. However, the IMPLICATIONS and VALUE of this work

are that the simulation appears to offer a simple, enjoyable, and effective way to introduce basic TVD

principles and their impact to stakeholders who are engaging in the practice for the first time.



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Neeraj, A.*, Rybkowski, Z., Fernandez-Solis, J.L., Hill, R., Tsao, C., Seed, B. and Heinemeier, D.

(2016). “Framework Linking Lean Simulation Principles to their Application on Construction

Projects.” Proceedings of the 24thannual conference for the International Group for Lean

Construction; July 20-22, 2016: Boston, MA, Sect. 9 pp. 3–12.


Abstract: The QUESTION this paper seeks to address is: Can the principles illustrated by Lean simulations

be systematically linked to applications of those principles on actual projects? The PURPOSE of this

research has been to ease the transition between theory and practice by aggregating published case studies

as well as lean simulations and making links between them. The RESEARCH METHOD adopted for this

study included: (1) prepare a systematic literature review sourced from LCI and IGLC databases; (2)

collaborate with the Lean Construction Institute to construct an inventory of existing lean simulations and

the principles they illustrate; (3) analyze published case studies and simulations for the lean principles they

embody; and (4) develop a matrix to establish logic connections between simulations and case studies from

actual projects. FINDINGS were assembled onto a Simulation/Case-study matrix. This research involved

locating, translating, and organizing 23 years of published, organically developed, construction case studies

from IGLC and LCI databases. Therefore one LIMITATION of this this research is that it included only

those simulations and case studies that have been published. One IMPLICATION and VALUE of this

research is that it offers a framework to assist lean educators and facilitators when teaching Lean

Construction. This matrix can also serve as a “seed” for various international communities to extend and

share how specific lean principles can be incorporated into their own cultural traditions within project

delivery processes.

Bhatt, Y.,* Rybkowski, Z. K., Kalantar, N., and Fernandez-Solis, J. L. (2016). “Trainathon Lean

Simulation Game: Determining Perceptions of the Value of Training Among Construction

Stakeholders.” Proceedings of the 24thannual conference for the International Group for Lean

Construction; July 20-22, 2016: Boston, MA, Sect.7 pp. 53-62.


Abstract: This research was prompted in part in response to a recent study by the Associated General

Contractors (AGC) that there is a shortage of trained, skilled labor in the construction industry and this

shortage is increasing. The QUESTION this paper seeks to address is: Why aren’t construction

stakeholders perceiving the value of training and development of employees? The PURPOSE of the

research is to develop and test a simulation that will help identify the way building stakeholders view the

impact of employee training on their long and short-term profit margins. The RESEARCH METHOD used

was two phased: (a) a preliminary phase involving the iterative development and testing of a 50-minute

table-top simulation using readily available materials; (b) a mature phase where results from a “perfected”

version of the game were subjected to statistical analysis from a larger participant pool. The trials each

team went through financially at each round were recorded and results recorded via cash flow diagrams.

FINDINGS suggest that players tend to underestimate the importance of upfront training and its impact on

long-term cash flows. LIMITATIONS of this research include a restricted sample size that was tested

during this phase. IMPLICATIONS and VALUE for this work are potentially larger than that of pure

research—i.e. as an opportunity to serve as a change agent as well since a number of respondents suggested

that the simulation made them think about the long-term value of training, illustrating the first principle of

The Toyota Way. This dual-role for simulations fits easily within the culture of lean construction which

historically has used simulations both to understand impacts of certain types of stakeholder behavior as

well as transfer comprehension of specific lean principles.



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Bhaidani, N.,* Rybkowski, Z., Smith, J., Choudhury, I., Hill, R. (2016). “Percent Planned Complete:

Development and Testing of a Simulation to Increase Reliability in Scheduling.” Proceedings of the

24thannual conference for the International Group for Lean Construction; July 20-22, 2016: Boston,

MA, Sect.7 pp. 33–42.


Abstract: This research responds to a perceived need to help construction management students and

industry stakeholders develop a solid understanding of the impact of Percent Planned Complete (PPC)

during their first exposure to the Last Planner System of Production Control™. Although the practice of

implementing PPC is becoming more widespread, the benefits of its use are arguably not yet fully

appreciated by industry practitioners. The QUESTION this research seeks to address is: How can the

impact of PPC be clarified to those who are exposed to it for the first time? The PURPOSE of the research

is to develop and test a new simulation to better understand how participants perceive the impact of using

PPC as a tool to measure and subsequently improve reliability in planning. With respect to RESEARCH

METHODS, a simulation was iteratively developed and a questionnaire was administered to participants

both before and after playing the simulation to perceive any change in their understanding of the PPC

method. The simulation was tested using students as subjects from two universities, as well as industry

professionals, and questionnaire results were analyzed. RESULTS demonstrate that playing the simulation

led to a 718% enhanced understanding of how applying PPC to schedule planning can lead to improved

reliability of performance. LIMITATIONS include time constraints which necessitated a limitation in the

number of test subjects, and the disregard of cultural differences in test subjects. Underlying the need for

this work is the assumption that comprehending the impact of PPC helps facilitate application of it.

IMPLICATIONS and VALUE of this work is that it has the potential to assist instructors and project

managers to more effectively and efficiently transfer understanding of PPC and its capacity to measure

(and therefore enhance) reliability, as part of the larger process of continuous improvement.

Kalyanaraman, N.,* Rybkowski, Z. K., Fernández-Solís, J. L., Mann, G. J., Neeraj, A.*

“Identification of Long-Term Learning Outcomes and Opportunities for Improvement from an

Interdisciplinary Course between Architecture and Construction Science,” Proceedings of the 52nd

ASC (Associated Schools of Construction) International Conference, April 13-16, 2016, Provo, Utah,

8 pp.

This longitudinal study reports on lessons learned from interdisciplinary courses between architecture and

construction science with a mix of former graduate and undergraduate students taught at Texas A&M

University at College Station. The study compares lessons learned from past research in interdisciplinary

studies in the architecture and construction curriculum with former student perceptions 11-16 years after

graduation. Previous research on learning outcomes from interdisciplinary architecture and construction

science curriculum have identified teamwork, mutual respect for other disciplines, real world

understanding, collaboration, coordination, and time management as the most important skills learned.

This study analyzes the impact of learning outcomes on the former students during their years of practice

and experience in the building industry. For this study 19 survey responses were collected from former

students who are currently working in practices or industries related to the built environment. A

quantitative and qualitative analysis of the data reveals that the former students highly value teamwork,

collaboration, and interdisciplinary understanding. Although the number of responses was statistically

limited, they nevertheless suggest there is value to such interdisciplinary courses within architecture and

construction science curricula for those who practice afterward in the building industry, and that this topic

warrants further study.



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Lee, S.,* Tabb, P., Rogers, J., Rybkowski, Z., Van Zandt, S. (2016). “The impacts of cost

Determinism in architectural foundation design education: An analysis of foundation design studio,”

Urban Planning and Architecture Design for Sustainable Development (UPADSD), 14-16 October,

2015, in: Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 216, 923 – 932.

(Elsevier, peer-reviewed open access)

Abstract: This research concerns teaching cost as an integral design determinant during architectural

foundation design education. Design studio course descriptions, syllabi, and studio projects of selected

architectural foundation design programs were analysed and U.S.-based architectural educators and design

professionals were surveyed to investigate their perspectives and methods of teaching cost conscious and

economic design concepts in foundation design education. The result suggests that both academics and

design professionals value learning cost conscious and economic design concepts during foundation design

education. However, overall systematic studio courses which teach cost as an integral design determinant

were absent.

Rybkowski, Z. K. and Kahler, D. (2014). “Collective kaizen and standardization: the development

and testing of a new lean simulation,” Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference for the International

Group for Lean Construction; June 25-27, 2014: Oslo, Norway.


(ISSN: 2309-0979)

Abstract: Simulations can offer a laboratory-like environment for controlled experimentation, as well as

immediate and convincing proof of the effectiveness of specified lean principles. At the heart of lean

thinking resides the concept of kaizen—or continuous improvement—and standardization, conducted

within a culture of respect. Effective use of collective kaizen and standardization capitalizes on the ability

of individuals to innovate, to learn from one another, and to improve their effectiveness, thus helping

managers improve time, cost, quality, safety and morale by engaging the employees they already have.

Despite the role of collective kaizen and standardization as seminal to the very definition of lean thinking,

there is no existing published lean construction simulation that focuses exclusively on the concept of

collective kaizen and standardization. This paper reports on the development and testing of a lean

simulation that focuses on collective kaizen and standardization. The simulation was developed by students

as the final project for a US-based university lean construction course consisting of upper-level

undergraduate and graduate-level construction science students. The simulation was inspired by primary

source writings of early twentieth century American psychologist and industrial engineer Lilliane Gilbreth

and efficiency engineer Frederick Winslow Taylor, and introduces simulation participants to the critical

concepts of collective kaizen and standardization. The simulation has been tested during three semesters

of courses dedicated to lean construction at the originating university, at two additional US universities,

and at two international-level lean construction and quality control conferences. Modifications have been

made based on preliminary feedback.

Smith, J. P.,* Rybkowski, Z. K., Bergman, M., Shepley, M., and Smith J. S. (2014). “Trust-builder:

A first-run study on active trust-building,” Proceedings of the 22 nd annual conference for the

International Group for Lean Construction; June 25-27, 2014: Oslo, Norway.


Abstract: Despite being a common theme in company mission statements and core values, the role of trust

receives little to no active consideration on the construction jobsite. This research attempts to lay the

foundation for additional research into trust-building in construction by determining whether or not trust

can be actively and deliberately managed by a conscientious and regular analysis of current and upcoming

relationships. Three key findings from the literature provide the groundwork for this research: (1) high

levels of trust between project participants increase productivity and enhance team performance; (2) trust



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is built or broken as a cumulative result of our actions and behaviors; and (3) trust levels can be accurately

measured. Using student groups as a sample, we tested to see if specific trust-building interventions could

be effectively introduced into group interactions. Results show some support for the theory that individuals

who deliberately initiated trust-building interventions perceived a higher overall change in trust level

towards their peers than other participants.

Rybkowski, Z. K., Abdelhamid, T., and Forbes, L. (2013). “On the back of a cocktail napkin: An

exploration of graphic definitions of lean construction," Proceedings of the 21st annual conference

for the International Group for Lean Construction; July 31-August 2, 2013: Fortaleza, Brazil, 83-92.


[Cited by 3]

Abstract: Quick descriptive sketches made on the backs of cocktail napkins are a tradition in the

architectural profession and are representative of the visionary conversations that take place between

business associates in relaxed venues where fresh ideas are sometimes first hatched. In this paper, we

propose the use of this technique to better convey and capture the principles of the growing and evolving

discipline of Lean Construction. Whether they occur in academic classrooms or professional worksites,

exploratory conversations about Lean Construction also suggest there may be a need for an easy-to-

understand, easy-to-represent graphic definition (“cocktail napkin sketch”) that can quickly communicate

key components of lean thinking to those wishing to understand and potentially implement lean. This paper

shares an exploratory analysis of the results that emerged from cocktail napkin exercises administered three

times from Feb 2011 to April 2012: at an IGLC mid-year meeting in New York, NY; at an LCI workshop

in Houston, TX; and at an LCI-Academic Forum in Boulder, CO. Finally, the authors propose a graphic

definition of Lean Construction, distilled from submissions made during these events that might serve as

a potential starting point for future discussion and refinement.

Smith, J. P.* and Rybkowski, Z. K. (2013). “The Maroon and White Game: A simulation of trust

and long-term gains and losses," Proceedings of the 21st annual conference for the International

Group for Lean Construction; July 31-August 2, 2013: Fortaleza, Brazil, 987-996.


[Cited by 1]

Abstract: This paper explains how to play and facilitate the Maroon-White Game—a modified version of

the Red-Black Game—which, like its predecessor, uses point maximization to motivate team performance.

The Red-Black Game was designed to demonstrate to players the advantages of systems thinking, as

opposed to sub-optimization, during a live playing of the game. Although effective in illustrating the

greater mathematic gains incurred from systems thinking to a community-at-large, the simulation might be

criticized in that obtaining a larger group gain appears to require individual diminishment—a practice that

may not be as easily embraced in capitalistic societies or in societies that cherish individualism over

collectivism. The Maroon-White Game is based on rules from the Red-Black Game, and is designed to

help participants recognize two main concepts relating to sub-optimization: (1) our natural tendency,

generally speaking, to sub-optimize in a competitive group setting; and (2) the effects of sub-optimization

on relational sustainability and long-term gains and losses. Examining results from multiple playings of

the Maroon-White Game illustrates the impact of trust—both earned and broken—on total point-based

gains and losses returned not only to the community-at-large, but also to individuals, over time.



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Tsao, C., Azambuja, M., Hamzeh, F., Menches, C. and Rybkowski, Z. K. (2013). “Teaching lean

construction: perspectives on theory and practice," Proceedings of the 21 st annual conference for the

International Group for Lean Construction; July 31-August 2, 2013: Fortaleza, Brazil, 977-986.


[Cited by 4]

Abstract: This paper builds on a previous IGLC paper, “Different Perspectives on Teaching Lean

Construction,” presented by Tsao et al. that documented teaching approaches from three different Lean

Construction (LC) university course offerings. It aggregated the approaches taken by the course offerings,

the Lean Construction Institute (LCI), and the Associated General Contractors of America to develop basic

recommendations for learning modules, outcomes, and teaching strategies for an introductory LC

university course. This paper provides four additional distinct perspectives to continue the conversation

about teaching LC in a university setting. It illustrates the authors’ differences in teaching approaches,

experiences, and lessons learned from course offerings in the United States and Lebanon. The paper offers

additional ideas for providing “proof of concept” to students and further illustrates how teaching LC

effectively requires a combination of readings, lectures, discussions, simulation exercises, field trips, and

guest speakers to mix theory with action. The paper then aggregates seven teaching perspectives in a single

table to provide an overview of different approaches for teaching an introductory university-level course

on LC.

Kulkarni, A.,* Rybkowski, Z. K., and Smith, J.* (2012). “Cost comparison of collaborative and IPD-

like project delivery methods versus non-collaborative project delivery methods," Proceedings of the

20th Annual Conference for the International Group for Lean Construction; July 17-22, 2012: San

Diego, CA, U.S.A., 781-790.


[Cited by 6]

Abstract: Purpose: Collaborative project delivery methods are believed to contribute to faster completion

times, lower overall project costs and higher quality. Contracts are expected to influence the degree of

collaboration on a given project since they allow or restrict certain lines of communication in the decision-

making process. Various delivery systems rank differently on the spectrum of collaboration. The purpose

of this study is to test if collaborative project delivery methods impart value. Ideally the most extreme

forms of project delivery methods, that is, Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) and Design-Bid-Build (DBB),

should be compared to test the effects of collaboration on benefits to the owner. Due to difficulty in

obtaining data on IPD and similarly scaled DBB projects, for this study, their close cousins, CM-at-Risk

(CMR) and Competitive Sealed Proposal (CSP) were compared. Methodology: The study compared cost

performance and reducible change orders of 17 CMR and 13 CSP projects by the same owner. Findings:

The overall cost performance is more reliable for CMR than for CSP projects. The cost of reducible change

orders for all three categories (errors, omissions and design modifications) are lower for CMR than for

CSP projects, Implications: This study is expected to help boost confidence in the benefits of collaborative

project delivery methods. It is also likely that the results will encourage acceptance of IPD for public

projects.



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Rybkowski, Z. K., Munankami, M.,* Smith, J.,* and Kulkarni, A.* (2012). “Survey instrument to

facilitate continuous improvement of lean teaching materials: a first-run study," Proceedings of the

20th annual conference for the International Group for Lean Construction; July 17-22, 2012: San

Diego, CA, U.S.A., 641-650.


[Cited by 2]

Abstract: Training workshops are a popular means to transfer knowledge of lean construction principles to

industry stakeholders. Although numerous workshops are being offered by various members of the lean

construction community, the amount of understanding that has been successfully transferred to participants

during a workshop is not always measured or known, making it difficult to assess success. The purpose of

this research is to develop and test an assessment instrument to indicate the level of understanding that was

transferred during a three-day lean construction workshop. Drawing on published and unpublished case

studies, we developed lean construction teaching materials for a three-day workshop and tested them on a

healthcare facility owner and its most frequently engaged architects, engineers, general contractors and

trade partners. To test the effectiveness of the teaching materials, we developed an anonymous, paired,

pre-and post-workshop assessment survey instrument. Participants were asked to (a) rate their level of

confidence in their understanding of lean construction principles, and (b) provide specific examples of

potential application of the named principles. Participants rated their confidence levels in understanding of

specific lean principles higher after the workshop than before (all comparisons of means were statistically

significant to p<=0.05). Also, participants described twice as many potential construction applications of

lean principles after the workshop than before, implying an increased level of understanding which

translated into actionable items. Results from this research suggest that the lean workshop format delivered

was relatively effective in transferring basic knowledge and application of lean principles. However, there

is also clear need to continually improve our workshop teaching materials.

Smith, J.* and Rybkowski, Z. (2012). “Literature review on trust and current construction industry

trends," Proceedings of the 20th annual conference for the International Group for Lean

Construction; July 17-22, 2012: San Diego, CA, U.S.A.


[Cited by 4]

Abstract: There is a growing body of evidence supporting the theory that project performance can be

assisted by increased levels of trust. Trust in construction has received some academic attention but

warrants more. This research provides additional rationale and foundational support for the advancement

of knowledge regarding trust in construction. Specifically, we emphasize the role of chosen project delivery

method and its impact on trust levels. We conducted an extensive literature review on trust and pertinent

concepts were collected for application to the construction industry. Extant literature indicates a high level

of relevance and applicability of trust research to construction issues. It seems probable that the chosen

project delivery method plays a major role in the resultant levels of trust between project participants.

Recent evolutions in project delivery methods and support systems, such as Integrated Project Delivery

and Lean Construction are argued by their supporters to be more effective at maintaining high levels of

trust than traditional methods. Results from this research suggest that academicians and industry

practitioners alike who value trust should consider the ramifications of their current practices on the

subject. Further research is required to determine if IPD, relational contracting, and lean construction are

capable of systemically supporting higher levels of trust than traditional methods.



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Rybkowski, Z. K., Munankami, M.,* Gottipati, U.,* Lavy, S., and Fernández-Solis, J. (2011).

“Impact of cost constraints on aesthetic ranking following Target Value Design exercises,”

Proceedings of the 19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction, Lima,

Peru, July 13-15, 448-457.


[Cited by 10]

Abstract: Purpose: Target Value Design (TVD) is a project delivery subset that shares methodologies with

Target Costing and Value Engineering, but is performed within the context of lean construction. TVD has

been shown to generate first cost savings of approximately 20% on case study projects. A concern voiced

by some architects, however, is that TVD may produce aesthetically inferior designs. Addressing this

concern, we explore whether there is a relationship between cost and aesthetics. Methodology: Eighteen

postgraduate-level university students were asked to design a functional wine stand using a restricted pallet

of materials—Styrofoam cups and plates and 8 1/2” x 11” sheets of paper within one hour—(a) without

cost constraints and (b) with cost constraints. The resulting wine stands were photographed and then

graphically rendered to remove confounding variables, permitting comparisons between them. Over one

hundred twenty subjects were surveyed and asked to rank the stands according to their preferences. Ratings

were then correlated with costs using Spearman’s Rank-Order coefficient. Findings: We found there was

a very mild negative correlation (rs=-0.214) between final cost of the individual stands and their aesthetic

rankings. The result suggests that popular aesthetic preference, as measured in wine stand design, is very

slightly correlated with higher cost, and that other factors (not investigated) have a greater influence on

aesthetic rankings. Implications: The findings suggest that TVD does not necessarily compromise the

popular aesthetic quality of a simple product design, such as a wine stand, and similarly, may not

substantially compromise the final aesthetic of building design.

Rybkowski, Z. K. (2010). “Last Planner and its role as conceptual kanban,” Proceedings of the 18th

Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction, Haifa, Israel, July 14-16, 63-

72.


[Cited by 4]

Abstract: Historically, the Last Planner™ System of Production Control has been coupled with the body

of Lean Construction literature. However, the mechanism of the Last Planner and how it fits within

accepted lean thinking has not always been apparent. This paper addresses this uncertainty. It examines

simulated results from a lean simulation game and argues that the Last Planner serves the role of a

conceptual kanban, among its functions—and therefore sits squarely within the domain of Lean theory.

Porwal, V.,* Fernández-Solís. J. L., Lavy, S. and Rybkowski, Z. K. (2010). “Last Planner System—

Implementation challenges,” Proceedings of the 18th Annual Conference of the International Group

for Lean Construction, Haifa, Israel, July 14-16, 9 pp.


[Cited by 16]

Abstract: Plan unreliability is a critical problem in the construction industry. Since the industry is

fragmented and every project is unique, schedule delay is a common phenomenon. Ballard and Howell

proposed that shielding construction and stabilizing work flow is a solution to this problem. These two

researchers, along with other lean constructions scholars, developed the Last Planner System (LPS) of

Production Control through a series of experiments beginning in the early 1990’s. LPS has become a

popular tool among the lean construction community to stabilize work flow and make plans more reliable.

However, LPS users and mentors report numerous challenges with implementation and use of the system.



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This paper discusses findings from a literature survey about the challenges faced by construction

professionals during the implementation and use of LPS. The aim of this research effort was to identify the

challenges faced by construction professionals during the implementation and use of LPS at both

organizational and project levels.

Rybkowski, Z. K., Wong, J.-M.,* Ballard, G. and Tommelein, I. D. (2008). “Using controlled

experiments to calibrate computer models: the Airplane Game as a lean simulation exercise.”

Proceedings of the 16th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction,

Manchester, UK, July 16-18, 309-319.


[Cited by 8]

Abstract: Simulation games may be used to introduce lean principles to those who are considering

implementing them. However, they can also function as controlled experiments against which to calibrate

a computer model and they can even be adapted to serve as the gold standard of scientific experimentation,

the randomized-controlled trial. Results generated from a live playing of the Airplane Game validate an

EZStrobe computer-based simulation model representing one part of the game. Close alignment of results

suggests that the computer model will likely be able to accurately predict outcomes from similarly

structured, real life activities, such as those encountered in a design office or on a construction site.

Ballard, G. and Rybkowski, Z. K. (2009). “Overcoming the hurdle of first cost: a case study in

Target Value Design.” The 2009 Construction Research Congress (Construction Institute of ASCE),

Seattle, WA, April 5-7, 1038-1047.

ASCE Conference

[Cited by 17]

Abstract: Advocates of sustainable and evidence-based design initiatives argue that building owners can

secure favorable internal rates of return when full life cycle building costs are considered. While the

argument has merit, these decision-makers express concern about overcoming the hurdle of first cost. To

reduce first cost, a number of lean construction practitioners are exploring a planning and design process

called target costing. Target costing in construction is a collaborative cost management process that relies

on business plan validation to determine what is to be delivered and what the client is willing and able to

pay for a project--before establishing the allowable cost. When warranted, a target cost may be set even

lower than the allowable cost in order to spur innovation. Once a target cost has been established, the

project is collaboratively designed to that target cost. This case study examines the target costing

techniques used during the design of a 850,000 square foot (approximately 79,000 square meters) medical

center. Qualitative and quantitative outcomes are explored, as well as implications for future projects.

Rybkowski, Z. K. and Ballard, G. (2008). “Using the ‘Five Whys’ as a decision-making framework

for evidence-based design,” Proceedings of the 16th Annual Conference of the International Group

for Lean Construction, Manchester, UK, July 16-18, 12 pp.


Abstract: Evidence-Based Design (EBD), the judicious and conscientious use of current best evidence to

make design decisions for unique projects, is being applied to the design of healthcare facilities with

increasing frequency. Because of both the need to replace and expand aging buildings and a retiring baby

boom generation, construction of healthcare facilities is currently on the rise in the US. Advocates of EBD

argue that its rigorous application will reduce incidence of medical error and improve rates of patient

recovery. However, while some promises made by EBD can be scientifically substantiated, design of



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facilities may not be the only appropriate solution to the problems EBD advocates cite; healthcare facility

designers are pressing for EBD adoption, even when a less costly, non-capital program response might be

equally effective. This paper suggests that while the error-proofing logic of EBD makes sense, a structured

framework for the "Five Whys" should be rigorously implemented by design decision-makers, to ensure

that multiple options are considered before final solutions are adopted.

Rybkowski, Z. (2000). “Foundation of Stone: A Case for the Feynman Flip”—research article

addressing the merits of a split semester and skill-based system in architectural education.

Proceedings of the ACSA 2000 International Conference, Hong Kong, June 10-14, 10 pp.

“B” rated conference (ARC)

Peer-reviewed Conference Proceedings, in preparation

Rybkowski, Z. K., Nadiminti, N.,* Hill, R., Nichols, J. (2017 anticipated). “Development and testing

of lean a simulation to illustrate how to ‘lower the river to reveal the rocks’” (working title),

Proceedings of the 25th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction, Crete,

Greece.

Rybkowski, Z. K., Sadhu, R.,* Hamilton, K., and Lavy, S. (2017 anticipated). “Framing the Lean-

IPD model in accordance with the 14 principles of “Toyota Way”: A case study on production

planning during construction of a healthcare facility” (working title), Proceedings of the 25th

Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction, Crete, Greece.

Invited Articles (Non-Peer-reviewed), published

Rybkowski, Z. K. (2012). “Methods of overcoming the capital cost hurdle of Evidence-Based

Design,” Chinese Hospital Architecture & Equipment, 10, 48.

Hamilton, D. K., and Rybkowski, Z. K. (2011). "Building evidence: using objective tools in

construction project management," Heath Facilities Management Magazine, November, 29-33.

[Cited by 4]

Rybkowski, Z. K. (2009). “Letter to the Editor,” Health Environments Research & Design (HERD),

February.

Rybkowski, Z. K. and Ballard, G. (2009). “Application of Target Value Design to a Case Study

Project.” ASC-Texo Conference, Dallas, TX, October 1-2, 4 pp.

Rybkowski, Z. K. and Cheung, Moe M. S. (2007). “Hong Kong, the Pearl River Delta, and Resource

Sustainability by 2030: An Opportunity for Technological Leadership,” 6th International Conference

on Environmental Informatics, Bangkok, Thailand, November 21-23, 6 pp.

Rybkowski, Z. and Seel, J. (1997). “Hong Kong,” Architectural Record, July, 185(7), 86.

Rybkowski, Z. and Seel, J. (1996). “The Chinese are Coming! The Chinese are Coming! Will it

Make Any Difference?” Architectural Record, July, 184 (7), PR23.

Rybkowski, Z. and Seel, J. (1996). “Political Stability and Economic Reform Provide Platform for

Major Developments,” Architectural Record, July, 184 (7), PR10.



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Rybkowski, Z. (1995). “The Highs and Lows of Building in Asia,” GSD News (Harvard Graduate

School of Design), Fall.

Research Reports

Nanda, U., Pati, S., Rybkowski, Z., K., Ai, D.,* Nejati, A.,* Kalyanaraman, N.* (2014). Value

Analysis of Lean Processes in Design and Integrated Project Delivery, Academy of Architecture for

Health Foundation (funder): CADRE & Texas A&M

Ballard, G., and Rybkowski, Z. K. (2007). “The evidence-based design literature review and its

potential implications for capital budgeting of healthcare facilities,” Health Research and Education

Trust, August 9, 35 pp.

[Cited by 9]

Book, contributing co-author

Seed, W. R. ed. (2015). Transforming Design and Construction: A Framework for Change, Lean

Construction Institute, Arlington, VA. List of contributing authors by alphabetical order: Beikmann,

B., Bell, B., Bettler, R., Christian, D., Emdanat, S., Hill, C., Hill, K., Kelley, J., Lee, D., Loeb, J.,

Macomber, H., Nickerson, R., Brent, N., Reynolds, L., Rybkowski, Z. K., Seed, W., and Tsao, C.

EDAC. (2009). Integrating Evidence-Based Design: Practicing the Healthcare Design (Process

Guide 3 in the series of 3), EDAC (Evidence-Based Design Accreditation and Certification Program),

Paris Printing, Point Richmond, CA. List of contributing author: Kent, J., Richter, L., Keller, A,

Watkins, N., Bosch, S., Rasche, J., Herbert, C., Allums, H., Malone, E., Rybkowski, Z., McLaughlin,

T., Gephart, V., Moler, J., Stroupe, J., Doyle, K., Nanda, U., and Taege, K.

Book Chapter

Rybkowski, Z. K. and Forbes, L. (2016). “Chapter 8: Lean Construction,” in Handbook of

Construction Management: Scope, Schedule, and Cost Control, edited by A. Razzak Rumane, CRC

Press Taylor & Francis Group, Florida.

Invited Member of Journal Editorial Board

International Journal of the Korea Institute of Ecological Architecture and Environment,

appointment by invitation; (launched in 2001, the international journal is published bimonthly, and

has published more than 60 issues. All manuscripts are strictly peer-reviewed); January 1, 2014-

present.

Peer Reviewer

Reviewer of peer-reviewed journals:

Journal of Interior Design, 2016

Engineering, Construction, and Architectural Management, 2016

Construction Management and Economics, 2014, 2015

Dyna, Ingeniería e Industria, 2014

International Journal of Construction Education and Research, 2013

Facilities, 2013, 2012

International Journal of Construction Management, 2012



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Intelligent Buildings International, 2012

Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, 2011

Journal of Management in Engineering, 2010

Lean Construction Journal, 2010, 2011, 2012

Health Environments Research & Design (HERD), 2009, 2013, 2014

Journal of Architectural Education, 2008

Reviewer of peer-reviewed conference proceedings:

The Construction Research Congress (Construction Institute of the American Society of Civil

Engineers): 2009, 2014

(Construction Institute of the American Society of Civil Engineers): Atlanta, USA: 2014

International Group for Lean Construction: 2007, 2008, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016

Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture, Hong Kong: 2000

Reviewer of peer-reviewed grant proposals:

FEA Research Committee, University Research Board, American University of Beirut, 2012

Research Grants Council of Hong Kong, 2012, 2014, & 2015

Reviewer of books and book chapters:

Reeder, L. Print Reading for Commercial Construction

Sachs, N. and Cooper-Marcus, C. “The Business Case for Therapeutic Gardens and Views to

Nature,” 2012

External reviewer of dissertations:

Pre-examination reviewer for doctoral candidate, Mr. Thabiso Godrey Monyane: “Evaluation of

infrastructure delivery improvement programme: Towards a Target Value Design of Construction

Projects,” for the Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment and Information Technology at the

Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, Professors Gerrit J. Crafford and Fidelis A. Emuze,

summer 2016

Pre-examination reviewer for doctoral candidate, Ms. Tuuli Jylhä: “Creating value or waste?

Evaluating real estate service processes with lean thinking,” for the Aalto University School of

Engineering, Aalto, Finland.

Work mentioned by others in popular press

Blog by Paul Ebbs: “Target Value Design and the Marshmallow Team Building Game.” Author

discussed success of simulation developed in our TAMU lab to transfer knowledge principles of Target

Value Design to an actual IPD capital project <http://www.umstotsolutions.com/our-blog/target-

value-design-and-the-marshmallow-team-building-game/>, blog posted July 9, 2015.

Presentation “Moving toward and Evidence-Based Design Practice” given on June 15, 2012, for the AIA

Lean Design Forum, St.Charles, MO; posted on Vimeo <https://vimeo.com/search?q=zofia+Rybkowski>



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Unique methods of educating “building technologists” at Texas A&M described on pg. 61-62 in 2014

book by Cliff Moser: Architecture 3.0: The disruptive design practice handbook, Routledge, NY.

Presentation on Target Value Design research described on pg. 11 of Construction Sites, Issue No. 80

(March 2014) in article “Seminar examines the novel concept of lean construction.”

Interviewed and acknowledged as contributor for content for: Sayer, N. J. and Anderson, J. A. J. (2012).

Status of Lean in the US Construction Industry, Rider Levett Bucknall, July.

Presentation quoted in A Room with a View: How Evidence-Based Design Leads to Better Outcomes, by

Barbara Pantuso, February 19, 2010, Design Well section of website, Design Mind,

<http://designmind.frogdesign.com/blog/a-room-with-a-view.html>.

PRESENTATIONS

Peer-reviewed

24th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction, “Development and

testing of a lean simulation to illustrate key principles of Target Value Design: A first run

study,” Boston, MA, July 21, 2016.

22nd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction, “Simulation of

Collective Kaizen and Standardization,” Oslo, Norway, June 26 & 27, 2014.

22nd Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction, “Collective Kaizen

and Standardization: The Development and Testing of a New Lean Simulation,” Oslo, Norway,

June 26, 2014.

21st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction, “The Maroon-White

game: a simulation of trust and long-term gains and losses,” Fortaleza, Brazil, August 1, 2013.

21st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction, “Teaching lean

construction--perspectives on theory and practice,” with Dr. Farook Hamzeh, Fortaleza, Brazil,

August 1, 2013.

21st Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction, “On the back of a

cocktail napkin: An exploration of graphic definitions of lean construction,” Fortaleza, Brazil,

July 31, 2013.

20th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction, “Survey instrument

to facilitate continuous improvement of lean teaching materials: A first run study,” San Diego,

CA, July 18, 2012.

20th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction, “Cost comparison of

collaborative and IPD-like project delivery methods versus competitive non-collaborative

project delivery methods,” San Diego, CA, July 19, 2012.



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19th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction, “Impact of cost

constraints on aesthetic ranking following Target Value Design exercises,” Lima, Peru, July 13-

15, 2011.

18th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction, “Last Planner and

Its Role as Conceptual Kanban,” Haifa, Israel, July 14-16, 2010.

18th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction, “Last Planner

System—Implementation Challenges,” Haifa, Israel, July 14-16, 2010.

16th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction, “Using controlled

experiments to calibrate computer models: the Airplane Game as a lean simulation exercise,”

Manchester, UK, July 16, 2008.

16th Annual Conference of the International Group for Lean Construction, “Using the ‘Five

Whys’ as a decision-making framework for Evidence-Based Design,” Manchester, UK, July

17, 2008.

Association of Collegiate Schools of Architecture 2000 International Conference, Hong Kong,

June 10-14.

Non-Peer-reviewed

Construction Industry Institute (CII) Annual Conference, Research Committee: “Advancing

with the employees you have now: Strategically coupling continuous improvement &

standardization in IPD,” National Harbor, MD, August 1, 2016.

Construction Industry Institute (CII) Annual Conference, Academic Committee: “Lean

simulations: Tools for academic and professional research,” National Harbor, MD, July 31,

2016.

American Society of Professional Estimators (ASPE, Chapter 9): “Introduction to Lean

Construction,” New Orleans, LA (via Skype), March 11, 2015.

National Association of Women in Construction (NAWIC): “Introduction to Lean

Construction,” Houston, TX, March 10, 2015.

Natural-Built-Virtual 2014: College of Architecture Research Symposium, “Collective kaizen

and standardization: the development and testing of a new lean simulation,” Texas A&M,

College Station, TX, October 27, 2014.

2014 International Highway Engineering Exchange Program (iHEEP) Conference, “Applying

lean construction principles to project delivery information flow,” New Orleans, LA,

September 30, 2014.

2014 International Highway Engineering Exchange Program (iHEEP) Conference, “Interactive

demonstration of lean construction principles,” New Orleans, LA, September 30, 2014.

University of Kentucky, “Alignment Workshop for Experimental Mining Research Facility,”

May 29, 2014, Lexington, KY.



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Joeris General Contractors, “What is Lean Construction?” (luncheon workshop), May 16, 2014,

San Antonio, TX.

Green Tech Medical Space Design, “Architecture as Medicine: What is it? And is it

affordable?” Seoul, Korea, November 22, 2013.

KIEAE (Korea Institute of Ecological Architecture and Environment), “Architecture as

Medicine: What is it? And is it affordable?” Seoul, Korea, November 21, 2013.

Konyang University, “Architecture as Medicine: What is it? And is it affordable?” Seoul,

Korea, November 19, 2013.

LCI (Lean Construction Institute) Congress 2013, “Advancing with the employees you have

now: Strategically coupling collective kaizen & standardization in IPD,” Dallas, TX, October

23, 2013.

Natural-Built-Virtual 2013: College of Architecture Research Symposium, “On the back of a

cocktail napkin: An exploration of graphic definitions of lean construction,” Texas A&M,


2013 World Conference on Quality and Improvement: “The Impact of Lean Construction, IPD

and Collective Kaizen on Project Cost Performance,” Indianapolis, IN, May 6, 2013.

Arch 12 Conference: Architecture / research / care / health--Perspectives on Nordic welfare

environments, Chalmers University of Technology. Invited speaker for presentation entitled:

“Lean Thinking and Target Value Design: Overcoming the hurdle of first cost,” Gothenbrug,

Sweden, November 12, 2012.

Health Industry Advisory Council (HIAC), “Practitioner-focused facility evaluation in an

international context,” College Station, TX, November 2, 2012; with Dr. Mardelle Shepley

Natural-Built-Virtual 2012: College of Architecture Research Symposium, “Cost comparison of

collaborative & IPD-like project delivery methods versus competitive non-collaborative project

delivery methods,” Texas A&M, College Station, TX, October 22, 2012.

Construction Industry Advisory Council, Annual meeting, “Report on Lean Construction

Training Modules,” College Station, TX, October 19, 2012

1st annual BIM, IPD, Lean (BIL) Forum, hosted by CIMA Strategic Services/IPD Assured,

“Graphic definition of lean construction,” Austin, TX, January 27, 2012.

Healthcare Design’11 (National Conference), “Target Value Design: Making Evidence-Based

Design Financially Feasible,” Nashville, TN, November 16, 2011.

Natural-Built-Virtual 2011: College of Architecture Research Symposium, “Impact of Cost

Constraints on Aesthetic Ranking Following Target Value Design Exercises,” Texas A&M,




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Lean Construction Institute (LCI), Houston, “Push versus Pull,” Houston, TX, July 26, 2011

(with graduate students Manish Munankami and Aditi Kulkarni)

9th Annual LCI/P2SL, AIA Design Forum, “Moving toward an evidence-based practice,” St.

Charles, MO, June 15, 2012.

8th LCI Academic Forum, “Developing a consensus on the definition of lean construction: The

cocktail napkin game,” Boulder, CO, May 17, 2012.

International Group for Lean Construction (mid-year meeting), “Defining Lean Construction:

Cocktail napkin exercise,” New York, NY, February 22, 2011

Department of Construction Science, Research Road Tour 2010, “Lean construction and

optimizing the project cost,” San Antonio, TX, May 17, 2010; Austin, TX, May 18, 2010;

Dallas, TX, May 24, 2010; and Houston, TX, May 25, 2010.

Architecture for Health Visiting Lecture Series: “Target Value Design: Making Evidence-

Based Design Financially Feasible,” Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, April 21,

2010.

Evidence-Based Practice Boot Camp, Center for Health Systems and Design, “Target Value

Design: Making Evidence-Based Design Financially Feasible,” Texas A&M University,

College Station, TX, April 8, 2010.

Annual meeting of the Health Industry Advisory Council, Faculty Speaker, “Target Value

Design,” October 29, 2010.

Architecture for Health Visiting Lecture Series, Sponsored by the Center for Health Systems

Design, Texas A&M University, “Target Value Design: Making Evidence-Based Design

Financially Feasible,” May 21, 2010.

Business of Healthcare (Annual Conference at UC Berkeley, Haas School of Business), Invited

panelist for session entitled: “The Promise of User-Focused Design for Healthcare,” Berkeley,

CA, February 6, 2010.

Healthcare Design’09 (National Conference), “Target Value Design: Making Evidence-Based

Design Financially Feasible,” Orlando, FL, October 31-November 3, 2009.

Natural-Built-Virtual 2009: College of Architecture Research Symposium, “Overcoming the

hurdle of first cost: Action research in Target Costing,” Texas A&M, College Station, TX,

October 19, 2009.

Case Study Writing Workshop for the Built Environment, “Case study writing as an entrée to

research with your graduate students,” College of Architecture, Texas A&M, College Station,

TX, October 16, 2009.

International Facility Management Association (IFMA), “Target Costing and Evidence-Based

Design in Healthcare: Overcoming the Hurdle of First Cost,” San Francisco, CA, May 11,

2009.



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Healthcare Design’08 (National Conference), “Meeting the Challenge of First Cost,”

Washington DC, Nov. 10, 2008.

Healthcare Design’07 (National Conference), “Overcoming the Hurdle of First Cost,” Dallas

Texas, Nov. 5, 2007.

Project Production Systems Laboratory Annual Meeting, “Capital Budgeting Decision Tool

for Evidence-Based Design,” Berkeley, CA, Feb. 6, 2008.

P2SL-TEKES Healthcare Facilities Conference, “Developing a tool for Evidence-Based

Design Investment (EBDI) Analysis during Capital Budgeting of Healthcare Facilities,”

Berkeley, CA, Feb. 20, 2007

Project Production Systems Laboratory Annual Meeting, “Developing a tool for Evidence-

Based Design Investment (EBDI) Analysis during Capital Budgeting of Healthcare Facilities,”

Berkeley, CA, Feb. 7, 2007.

International Group for Lean Construction (midyear meeting), “Investigation of Graphics for

teaching target value design and lean construction,” New York, NY, February 21, 2011

Lean Construction Institute (LCI) Design Forum, “Toward Product and Service Differentiation

in the AEC industry,” Chicago, IL, presented at the annual meeting, June 16-17, 2005

Hong Kong Institution of Engineers, presented at the monthly technical meetings/seminar

series, “Can a structural engineer design architecture?” Hong Kong, April 13, 2004

Master of Interdisciplinary Design + Management (MIDM), University of Hong Kong, “What

is Good Design?” Hong Kong, Spring 2004

Arup, “What is Good Design?” Hong Kong, 2002-2004 (invited to give multiple presentations

at first year engineering employee retreat)

TEACHING

COURSES TAUGHT

COSC 690: Theory of Research in Construction Management 3 credits, Texas A&M University Spring 2010

Introduction to research, research tools, proposal writing and research reports; emphasis placed

on research planning and design; review of literature through qualitative and quantitative research

methodologies; emphasis on defining research problems in construction science and the

development of research proposals.



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COSC 689: Life Cycle Cost Analysis—Long-term Sustainability 3 credits, Texas A&M University Fall 2010, Spring 2012

Foundation in Life-Cycle Cost Analysis computation within the context of current issues in (1)

environmental sustainability, and (2) evidence-based thinking. Lean construction also discussed

as a strategy to overcome the hurdle of first cost Developer of first course on Life Cycle Cost Analysis in the Department of Construction Science at Texas

A&M

COSC 663: Sustainable Construction 3 credits, Texas A&M University Fall 2015, Fall 2016

Contribution of materials and methods to meeting the needs of the present without compromising

the ability of future generations to meet their own needs; overview of international, national and

local programs promoting sustainable construction; characteristics of the components of

successful sustainable construction projects; theories and practices through case studies.

COSC 648: Graduate Capstone 3 credits, Texas A&M University Spring 2015, Spring 2016

For students preparing to enter the construction industry; project and program management of

construction projects; winning new work; construction company creation, operations and change

accommodation; leadership and management; risk management; managing people; using

technology; considering the environment; and the application of lean and target value

construction.

COSC 631: Advanced Productivity and Lean 3 credits, Texas A&M University Spring 2014, Spring 2015, Spring 2016

Introduction to lean history, concepts and methods; deduction of basic training modules in lean

project delivery; application of lean management in construction projects.

COSC 621: Advanced topics in Construction Project Scheduling

3 credits, Texas A&M University Spring 2011

Advanced techniques used in scheduling and evaluation progress in construction project control;

development of strategies for overcoming overruns; resource allocations; case studies.

COSC 603: Construction Scheduling 3 credits, Texas A&M University Spring 2013

Construction scheduling process utilizing current techniques including critical path method,

precedence method, program evaluation and review techniques, and probabilistic method;

development of parameter estimates for activities that relate to the construction of a building

project; work packages sequenced, planned and leveled to develop a working project execution

document; development of procedures to monitor actual field progress; computer application in

project scheduling. (3-0). Credit 3. Prerequisite: Graduate level.

COSC 489: Lean Construction 3 credits, Texas A&M University Fall 2011, Fall 2012, Fall 2013



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Introduction to lean history, concepts and methods, deduction of basic training modules in lean

project delivery; application of lean management to construction projects. Developer, with Jose Fernandez-Solis, of first course on Lean Construction at Texas A&M University

COSC 475: Construction Project Planning

3 credits, Texas A&M University Fall 2009, Spring 2010

Development of parameter cost estimates for activities that relate to the construction of a building

project; work packages sequenced, planned and leveled to develop a working project execution

document; development of procedures to monitor actual field progress.

COSC 175: Construction Graphics Communications

3 credits, Texas A&M University Fall 2011, Fall 2012, Spring 2013, Fall 2013, Spring 2014, Fall 2015, Fall 2016

Learn to visualize, interpret, and communicate graphical geometry employed in construction

design and engineering, to include the graphical analysis of problems. Includes the utilization of

sketching applications, computer aided design, and basics of building information modeling

software. An introduction of commonly employed quantitative tools in construction is covered.

COSC 153: Introduction to the Construction Industry

3 credits, Texas A&M University Fall 2010

Characteristics of the construction industry; types of construction companies; contracts; people

involved in a project, their responsibilities and interrelationships; evolution of a project;

interpreting working drawings; construction bonds; contract documents.

STUDENT THESIS COMMITTEE MENTORSHIP

PhD Students

Co-chair

James P. Smith, PhD, Architecture (with emphasis in construction science), graduated 2013

Trust building in the construction delivery process: A relational look-ahead tool for

managing trust

Committee Member

Mehdi Azizkhani, PhD, Architecture, expected graduation 2018

Biomimetic optimization of building envelopes through the framework of physical principles

(working title)

Hyoungsub Kim, PhD, Architecture, expected graduation 2017

Modeling active building with adaptable facades in parametric BIM for multi-objective

performance analysis (working title)

Gregory Luhan, PhD, Architecture, expected graduation 2016 (Dec).

Measurement of self-efficacy, predisposition for collaboration, and project scores in

architectural design studios



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Seyeon Lee, PhD, Architecture, graduated 2016

The impacts of cost determinism in architectural foundation design education: An analysis of

cost indicators

Chao Xiao, PhD, Architecture (with emphasis in construction science), graduated 2015

Comparative analysis of entropy algorithms to determine the most effective technique for

measuring complexity in building construction

Sayed Saleh Kalantari Hematabadi, PhD, Architecture, graduated 2014

Toward and effective design process: Enhancing building performance through better

integration of facility management perspectives in the design process

Joo Hyun Lee, PhD, Architecture, graduated 2014

An analysis of relationships between the Green Building Certification System for Multi-

Family housing (GBCS-MF) scores and resident perception ratings in Korea

Xiaodong Xuan, PhD, Architecture, graduated 2012

Exploring the effectiveness of LEED certification in LEED certified healthcare settings in

climate zone 2 & 3

Rana Zadeh, PhD, Architecture, graduated 2012

Windows and daylight for healthcare work environments:

An evaluation of occupants’ performance and wellbeing and building energy use

Masters Students

Chair or Co-Chair

Expected Graduation 2018

Nikita Bhagat

Fatemeh Solhjou Khah

Kalieshwar Chellasrinivasankrishnan


Rajat Gupta, MSCM, Construction Science

Ralph Salazar, MSCM, Construction Science

Muzafar Thameem, MSCM, Construction Science

Graduated 2016

Yamini Bhatt, MSCM, Construction Science

Trainathon lean simulation game: Determining the perception of value of training among

construction stakeholders

Noorien Bhaidani, MSCM, Construction Science

Development and testing of a simulation to illustrate reliability in schedule through percent

planned complete

Navya Nadiminti, MSCM, Construction Science

Development and testing of a simulation to illustrate how to lower the river to reveal the

rocks

Anush (Yadav) Neeraj, MSCM, Construction Science

Framework to link lean simulations principles and their manifestation on construction

projects



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Graduated 2015

Mark Behm, MSCM, Construction Science

The implementation of Target Value Design from the perspective of a mid-sized residential

builder: A case study

Vaarun Chhajed, MSCM, Construction Science

Investigation into the development and application of simulations in lean construction

Huazhang Huang, MSCM, Construction Science

Exploration of implementation of the Last Planner System of Production Control by Chinese

contractors: A case study

Shruthi Ravi R. Iyer, MSCM, Construction Science

Engaging a multi-disciplinary literature review in the development of a framework to assess

construction collaboration

Nivedita Kalyanaraman, MSCM, Construction Science

Identification of long-term learning outcomes and opportunities for improvement from an

interdisciplinary course in architecture, engineering and construction

Ravichandra Sadhu, MSCM, Construction Science

Understanding the Lean-IPD model underlying the “Toyota Way”: A case study on

production planning during construction of a healthcare facility

Graduated 2014

Di Ai, Construction Science, MSCM, Construction Science

The children’s hospital X project: A case study in benefit and cost analysis of a Lean-IPD

project

Neal K. Gandhi, MSCM, Construction Science

Exploratory investigation of the impact of professional architectural education on tendencies

toward work collaboration

Pedro Puentes Dias, MSCM, Construction Science

Benchmarking current perceptions of general contractors of Return on Investment on

affordable rehabilitation housing projects: a case study in the state of Texas

Vishnu Ramanath, MSCM, Construction Science

Exploratory investigation into influence of educational background on tendency to

collaborate among owners, architects, engineers, and contractors

Carlos Daniel Velasco Navarrette, MSCM, Construction Science

Affordable housing rehabilitation: homeowner’s perspective--a case study of a veteran’s

program in the state of Texas

Graduated 2012

Manish Munankami, MSCM, Construction Science

Development and testing of simulation (game) to illustrate basic principles of integrated

project delivery and Target Value Design: A first run study

Aditi Kulkarni, MSCM, Construction Science

Cost comparison of collaborative and IPD-like project delivery methods versus competitive

non-collaborative project delivery methods

Shane Kulman, MSCM, Construction Science

A comparison of energy consumption between traditional exterior wall framing materials and

insulated concrete forms for educational buildings in North Texas



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Graduated 2011

Joshua Hullum, MSCM, Construction Science

Investigation to discover most effective method of teaching target costing to construction-

minded individuals

Hea Yeon Hwang, MSCM, Construction Science

An investigation of window and lighting systems using Life Cycle Cost Analysis for the

purpose of energy conservation in Langford Building A at Texas A&M University

Abhijeet Singh, MSCM, Construction Science

Integration of BIM and sustainability as identified by students at College of Architecture,

Texas A&M University

Graduated 2010

Niraja Adloori, MSCM, Construction Science

Role of library as resource in built environment education: Texas A&M University TRC

library as a case study

Dori Binion, MSCM, Construction Science

Investigating public awareness of xeriscape in Bryan, College Station, Texas: A case study

Yaquta Faquih, MSCM, Construction Science

Comparative analysis of the cost models used for estimating renovation costs of universities

in Texas

Udaya Gottipati, MSCM, Construction Science

Development of a pilot study simulation to investigate the impact of target costing on team

dynamics and design aesthetics

Payal Mukherji, MSCM, Construction Science

Study of possible applications of currently available building information modeling tools for

the analysis of initial costs and energy cost for performing life cycle cost analysis

Committee Member


Yunkun Cai, MSCM, Construction Science

Yasmin Farhana, MSCM, Construction Science

Sivasakthivel Ramadoss, MSCM, Construction Science

Sindhura Rayinedi, MSCM, Construction Science

Anusree Saseendran, MSCM, Construction Science

Yatin Mahesh Wadhwani, MSCM, Construction Science

Graduated 2016

Hosein Arabzadeh, MArch, Architecture

A High-speed Dallas-to-Houston commuter rail station for Houston, TX

Yatindra Athivarapu, MSCM, Construction Science

Planning-Execution transition initiatives in the construction industry: A structured literature

review and directions for future research

Karan Chugh, MSCM, Construction Science

Bridging with design-build and traditional design-bid-build for effective decision-making

Justin Hoermann, MArch, Architecture



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A shared activity center for elderly and youth in College Station, TX

Bardia Jahangiri, MSCM, Construction Science

Generating optimized cutting layouts of drywall panels using building information modeling

Ma Qingye, MSCM, Construction Science

Investigating the difference between LEED V2.1 and Non-LEED hospitals in energy

consumption: a case study approach

Sachin Singh, MSCM, Construction Science

Investigating the current state of industry foundation classes in the construction industry

Ateesh Tiwari, MSCM, Construction Science

Use of a building energy model to predict energy utilization index: A comparison

Hrishikesh S. Tupe, MSCM, Construction Science

Improving the Efficiency of Pre-construction Processes by Applying Value Stream Mapping

Technique

Geethika Yalagadda, MSCM, Construction Science

What are the main issues in subcontracting and why do we need subcontractor management?

Graduated 2015

Sima Aliabbar, MSCM, Construction Science

The perception of value of physical learning environment change among end users

Jennifer Bouse, MS, Mathematics

Fractional Dimensions

Andres Martinez Prieto, MSCM, Construction Science

Tolerance management of aluminum frame curtain wall systems: A case study

Nishaant Saxena, MSCM, Construction Science

Work order processing times: Does BIM make a difference?

Graduated 2014

Kayla Alford, MArch, Architecture

Camp and retreat center for families with disabled children

Nooshin Ahmadi Esfahani, MArch, Architecture

Telecommunicating clinic for Colonias at the border of Texas-Mexico

Xiaoqi Li, MSCM, Construction Science

A literature review on value stream mapping with a case study of applying value stream

mapping on research process

Miranda Minchew, MSCM, Construction Science

Case study on lighting retrofit implementation for life-cycle cost savings in a hospital

Jordan Pennington, MArch, Architecture

Proposal for rehabilitation of industrial buildings in Sugarland, TX

Graduated 2013

Shashank Tiwari, MSCM, Construction Science

Quantifying road user costs with heterogeneous value of motorists’ travel time

Graduated 2012

Boonchanta, Napon, MS, Civil Engineering

A tool for the analysis of real options in sustainability improvement projects



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Salil Jawadekar, MSCM, Construction Science

A case study of the use of BIM and construction operations: Building information exchange

(COBie) for facility management

Amineh Kamranzadeh, MSCM, Construction Science

Identifying the predictors of female project manager’s salaries

Nishi Lagoo, MSCM, Construction Science

A seminal case study on application of Last Planner System with cash flow data for

improvement in construction management practices

Kuangyi Tao, MArch, Architecture

Shanghai General Hospital

Graduated 2011

Eva Xiaodan Luo, MArch, Architecture

Design for eye clinic in Guangzhou, China

Soonrock Park, MSCM, Construction Science

Design-Build and CM-at-Risk: Comparative analysis for owner decision-making based on

case studies and project surveys

Nidhi Setya, MArch, Architecture

Design for hospital in Houston, Texas

Graduated 2010

Vishal Porwal, MSCM, Construction Science

Last Planner System--Areas of application and implementation challenges

Kaushik Ganesh, MSCM, Construction Science

Austin Central Library: Final study

Kashif Hasan, MSCM, Construction Science

Assessing the active living impacts of urban design improvements: Texas Main Street

Program

Undergraduate Student

Graduated 2011

Brandon Erzen, BS, Construction Science

Comparison of AIA-201 & AIA-IPD; IFOA, AIA-IPD & AGC Consensus Docs

Invited as Guest Lecturer

Guest lectured on Target Value Design and Lean Construction for the following colleagues

in their courses:

Prof. Zhipeng Lu, for ARCH 675: Health Design and Research, TAMU, Spring 2016

Ms. Seyeon Lee, for ARCH 205: Design Studio, TAMU, Fall 2015

Dr. John Bryant, for COSC 446: Specialty Capstone, TAMU, Fall 2015

Dr. John Nichols, for COSC 175: Construction Graphics Communications, TAMU, Fall 2015

(7 lectures each for 2 sections (902 and 903)

Mr. Alireza Borhani, for ENDS 105: Design Foundations, TAMU, Fall 2014

Dr. Sarel Lavy, for COSC 622: Construction Economics, TAMU, Fall 2014, Fall 2015



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Dr. Edelmiro Escamilla, for Camp ARCH summer program, TAMU, Summer 2014

Prof. Greg Luhan, for ARCH 406: Architectural Design Studio, TAMU, Spring 2014

Dr. Boong Ryoo, for COSC 475: Construction Project Planning, TAMU, Spring 2014

Dr. Sarel Lavy, for COSC 489/689: Construction Best Practices (CII), TAMU, Fall 2013

Prof. Göran Lindahl, for construction management, Department of Civil and Environmental

Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden, Fall 2012

Prof. Rodney Hill, for ARCH 458: Cultural and Ethical Considerations for Global Practice,

TAMU, Fall 2012

Prof. Kim Carlson, for COSC 175: Construction Graphics Communication, TAMU, Fall 2012

Prof. Mark Clayton, for ARCH 205: Architectural Design I, TAMU, Fall 2012

Dr. Xuemei Zhu, for ARCH 675: Health Design and Research, TAMU, Fall 2011, Fall 2012,

Fall 2013; & Spring 2015.

Dr. Ifte Choudhury, for COSC 489: Lean Construction, TAMU, Spring 2012

Prof. Joe Horlen, for COSC 485: Construction Best Practices (CII), TAMU, Fall 2011

Dr. Roger Ulrich, for COSC 675: Health Design and Research, TAMU, Spring 2011 & Fall

2010, Spring 2010

Dr. Jose Fernandez-Solis, for COSC 489: Lean Construction, Spring 2011; and COSC 440

(900): Interdisciplinary capstone, TAMU, Fall 2010

Prof. Geoffrey Booth, for LDEV 671: Sustainable Development, TAMU, Spring 2011

Prof. Sally Morgan, for COSC 442: Commercial Capstone (902), TAMU, Spring 2011 & Fall

2010

Dr. Jim Smith, for COSC 442 (901): Commercial Capstone, TAMU, Fall 2010

CONTINUING EDUCATION: Courses Taught

“An Introduction to Lean History and Principles,” Walt Disney Imagineering, Glendale, CA

(August 27 & 28, 2015; October 26 & 27, 2015; and November 12 & 13, 2015)

“How to bring the excitement of Lean Construction gaming to the construction science

classroom,” (April 22, 2015, 1-5:00 pm), offered as part of the 51st Annual International

Conference for the Associated Schools of Construction, College Station, TX

“Lean Crash Course,” Balfour-Beatty, Dallas-Fort Worth, TX (6/29, 7/13, 7/27, 8/3, 8/10, 8/16,

8/17, 8/18, 2012) Graduate student James P. Smith included on teaching team

“Introduction to Lean, IPD & TVD: a 3-day workshop,” Penrose/St. Francis Health Services,

Colorado Springs, CO (4/26, 4/27 & 4/28, 2012), Graduate students James P. Smith, Aditi

Kulkarni, and Manish Munankami included on teaching team

“Thinking Lean: A workshop,” Sisters of Charity, Leavenworth Health System, Denver, CO

(4/26, 4/27 & 4/28, 2011), Graduate students James P. Smith and Joshua Hullum included on

teaching team

CONTINUING EDUCATION: Participant in Academic Workshops

International Group for Lean Construction Mid-Year Meeting, Berkeley, CA, February 1-2,

2016 (by invitation only).

Lean Design Forum, Berkeley, CA, January 28-29, 2016.

National Institute of Building Sciences 4th Annual Conference and Expo: Building Innovation

2016, Washington DC, January 11-15, 2016.

TRB (Transportation Research Board) Conference, 95th Annual Meeting, Washington DC,

January 10, 2016.

Transportation Camp DC 2016, Washington DC, January 9, 2016.



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Water-Energy-Food Resource Nexus Initiative (WEFReN) Symposium, Texas A&M

University, October 8, 2015.

Proposal writing for NIH (National Institutes of Health) grants, Dr. Tillie Harris of the Grant

Training Center, Texas A&M, College Station, TX, October 6, 2015.

Cyber-Physical Systems Week 2015, The Conference Center, Seattle, WA, April 13-16, 2015.

Faculty Management Symposium, Memorial Student Center, Texas A&M University,

October 17, 2014.

2014 International Highway Engineering Exchange Program (iHEEP) Conference, New

Orleans, LA, September 28-October 2, 2014.

2014 CEC (Civil Engineering Certification) Construction Engineering Conference, “National

Science Foundation Workshop: Promoting Basic Construction Research,” Seattle, WA,

March 29, 2014.

2013 ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning

Engineers ) Annual Conference, Denver, CO, June 22-26, 2013.

Wakonse South College Teaching Conference, Marble Falls, TX, April 5-7, 2013

CATEE (Clean Air Through Energy Efficiency) Conference, Dallas, TX; presented by the

Energy Systems Laboratory, Texas Energy Experiment Station and The Texas A&M

University System, November 8-9, 2011

Workshop for ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning

Engineers) Standard 90.1-2010, Dallas, TX, November 7, 2011.

Teaching Retreat/Workshop, three-day workshop on teaching for tenure-track faculty, with

Center for Teaching Excellence (CTE) facilitators, Bryan, TX, Aug 23-25, 2011

Grant-writing Retreat/Workshop, three-day workshop on NSF grant-writing, for tenure-track

faculty, with NSF grant-writing specialists; Camp Allen, TX, Jan 5-9, 2011

The National Leadership Conference for Women in Construction, New York, NY,

April 15-16, 2010

Wakonse South College Teaching Conference, Burnet, TX, April 9-11, 2010

SERVICE

DEPARTMENTAL SERVICE

• Served as faculty escort for departmental field trip to Acme Brick Company, Elgin, TX,

March 4, 2016

• Member, Graduate Committee, Department of Construction Science, fall 2015-present.

• Served as faculty escort for departmental field trip to NCI Group, Houston, TX, March 27,

2015

• Served as faculty escort for departmental field trip to Cherry Companies (remove, recycle,

return), Houston, TX, November 21, 2014

• Assisting on organization committee for the 51st Annual ASC (Associated Schools of

Construction) Conference to be held at Texas A&M from April 22-25, 2015

• Served as faculty escort for departmental field trip to Heldenfels Enterprises, Inc. (precast,

pre-stressed concrete), San Marcos, TX, November 1, 2013

• Assisted with the revision of accreditation documents, American Council for Construction

Education (ACCE), for Prof. Joe Horlen, Chair, summer-fall 2012

• Member, Faculty Search Committee, chaired by Dr. John Nichols, fall 2011-spring 2012

• Member, Graduate Committee, chaired by Dr. Sarel Lavy, fall 2010-spring 2011

• Tenure-track committee, chaired by Dr. Sarel Lavy, Dr. Jose Solis, and Dr. Boong Ryoo,

sequentially, spring 2010-2011



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• Initiator and Organizer, Teaching Retreat/Workshop, three-day workshop on teaching for

tenure-track faculty, with Center for Teaching Excellence facilitators, Aug 23-25, 2011

• Member of task force to design new Construction Graphics course for departmental

freshmen, fall 2010-spring 2011 (to become the core course COSC 175: Construction

Graphics Communication)

• Initiator and Organizer, Grant-writing Retreat/Workshop, three-day workshop on NSF grant-

writing, for tenure-track faculty, with NSF grant-writing specialists, Jan 5-9, 2011

• Initiator and Facilitator, with Dr. Julian Kang, Case-study Writing Workshop for the Built

Environment,” one-day workshop with guest speakers, Harvard Business School case writer

Mr. Harold Hogan and Assistant Dean, University of Hong Kong, Dr. Patrick Harvey,

October 16, 2009

• Member of the Graduate Faculty, 2009-present

COLLEGE SERVICE

• Faculty Advisor for SHEA (Student Health Environments Association), December 1, 2014-

present.

• Founded and facilitated Grant-Writing Co-coaching Group for College of Architecture

faculty. Met bi-weekly during fall 2014; approximately six attendees with 3 NSF grant

proposals resulting

• Co-facilitated Workshop for an Institute for Human-Centered Micro-Manufacture (iHCMM),

14 attendees, for organizer, Dr. Francis Quek, January 18, 2014

• Proactively initiated, negotiated, and coordinated Grant Training Center Workshop, with Dr.

Lou Tassinary, Ms. Katy Dunn, and Department Heads, Prof. Joe Horlen, Prof. Ward Wells,

Dr. Forster Ndubisi, Prof. Tim McLaughlin, presented at the College of Architecture, by Dr.

Tillie Harris, CEO of the Grant Training Center, December 16-18, 2013

• Proposal submitter, “Ideas-per-Minute/Creativity-on-Demand” Brainstorming Service,

Institute for Applied Creativity, College of Architecture, Texas A&M, directed by Prof. Carol

Lafayette, October 21, 2012

• Member, Diversity Committee, College of Architecture, Texas A&M, chaired by Prof.

Cecilia Giusti, Spring semester 2012

• Faculty Fellow, Center for Health Systems and Design, College of Architecture, Texas A&M,

chaired by Dr. Mardelle Shepley, 2009 to present

• Presenter, EDAC Bootcamp: Assisted initiative to teach Evidence-Based Design in CHSD

workshop to architects in healthcare facility design industry, chaired by Prof. D. Kirk

Hamilton, 2009-present (multiple occasions)

UNIVERSITY SERVICE

• Subcommittee member, AFS (Association of Former Students) Distinguished Achievement

Awards, Spring 2016

• Participant, TAMU Interdisciplinary, University-Wide Initiative: Grand Challenge Working

Session ("Educating Leaders Grand Challenge"), October 23-24, 2014

• Faculty advisor for civil engineering PhD student Hessam Sadatsafavi in TAMU Academy

for Future Faculty, spring 2013.

• Participant, TAMU Interdisciplinary, University-Wide Initiative: Grand Challenge Working

Session ("The Natural and Built Environment: Ensuring a Sustainable Society"), August 19-

20, 2013

• Member, Women’s Faculty Network, Mentorship program, Texas A&M



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NATIONAL & INTERNATIONAL SERVICE AND PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITIES

• Research advisor/host at Texas A&M to doctoral student and Chinese government

scholarship recipient, Shen Liang-Fa, Tongji University, School of Economies and

Management, Shanghai, China, for his PhD research, from October 20, 2015 to present.

• Grant reviewer, National Science Foundation, 2015

• Reviewer, for Oxford University Press, Carrie Brandon, Executive Editor of English, Writing

in Engineering: A Brief Guide.

• Research advisor/host at Texas A&M to Brazilian graduate student and government research

scholarship recipient, Carolina Asensio Oliva, University of Campinas, for her research:

“Proposal for the integration of Target Value Design into the Design process” from

September 19, 2013 to November 8, 2013.

• Pre-examiner of doctoral dissertation of Tuuli Jyla, Aalto University in Finland, July 5, 2013.

• Volunteer, Habitat for Humanity Women’s Build, September 10, 2011

• Panelist/jury member, 19th conference of the International Group for Lean Construction:

Post-graduate School Summer School, Lima Peru, July 17-18, 2011.

MEMBERSHIPS and CERIFICATIONS

• Member, NAWIC (National Association of Women in Construction, member #63742),

November 1, 2014.

• Associate member, ASCE (American Society of Civil Engineers, member #493329), June 4,

2014.

• Associate member, ASHRAE (American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-

Conditioning Engineers, member # 8230490), July 1, 2013 to June 30, 2014.

• Accredited Professional, LEED AP (Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design,

accreditation #10428878) since June 4, 2009; Building Design + Construction (BD+C):

renewed after completing 30 continuing education credits on October 2, 2013; issued by the

Green Building Certification Institute (GBCI).

• Member, LCI (Lean Construction Institute, member #911), October 1, 2009

SYNERGISTIC ACTIVITIES

• Fellow of Institute for Applied Creativity, Texas A&M; combines experimental, rational,

intuitive, and analytical methods to realize tangible accomplishments in academic,

private, and civic arenas; Director, Carol LaFayette, since 2013.

• Fellow of Center for Health Systems and Design, Texas A&M; invited to educated industry

representatives in the financial implications of Evidence-Based Design and lean construction

at the Texas A&M Evidence-Based Design Boot Camp for Healthcare facility owners and

design professionals, 2009-2010; with Director, Mardelle Shepley

• Coach for Engineering-in-Training (EIT) licensing examination in Life Cycle Cost Analysis

(engineering economics) and Engineering Ethics, 2005-2009

• Advisor and co-author for Evidence-Based Design Certification (EDAC) examination; Center

for Health Design, Concord, CA (2007). Contributed content to the official EDAC

examination study guide, 2008-2009: Integrating Evidence-Based Design: Practicing the

Healthcare Design Process. See “Book, contributing co-author.”

Documents

Zofia K. Rybkowski, PhD...Curriculum Vitae for Zofia K. Rybkowski, PhD Date of this version: August 20, 2016 P a g e | 2 Rybkowski, Z. K. (1987). “Ultrastructural analysis of rat