Youth Substance Youth Substance AbuseAbuse

St. Louis Job Corps St. Louis Job Corps

Youth Substance Youth Substance AbuseAbuse

St. Louis Job Corps St. Louis Job CorpsPsychological Network, Inc.Psychological Network, Inc.

58 Portwest Ct. St. Charles, Mo. 6330358 Portwest Ct. St. Charles, Mo. 63303636-916-5800636-916-5800

Why Substance AbuseImportant!

• Biggest predictor of success at Job Corps.

• Biggest predictor of success working.

• No. 2 reason for work disability!• Other????

Substance Abuse:A pattern of substance use that shows one

or more of the following recurrent issues in a 12 month period

Use impairs work, school or home.Use places youth in physically hazardous

situations.Use results in legal difficultiesContinued use despite recurrent social or

interpersonal problems. (DSM IV)

Substance DependenceOne or more of the following recurrent issues in a twelve

month period: Increase tolerance Withdrawal symptoms Using more over longer period than intended Desire to stop or unsuccessful attempts to stop Lots of time spent trying to get the substance, getting

high or recovering from use. Social, work, school activities given up due to use. Continued use despite physical or psychological

problems directly associated with use.

What to Look for!• Physical Loss of appetite, increase in appetite, any changes in eating habits,

unexplained weight loss or gain. Slowed or staggering walk, poor physical coordination. Inability to sleep, awake at unusual times, unusual laziness. Red, watery eyes; pupils larger or smaller than usual; black stare. Cold, sweaty palms: shaking hands Puffy face, blushing or paleness. Smell of substance on breath, body or clothes Extreme hyperactivity; excessive talkativeness Runny nose; hacking cough Needle marks Nausea, vomiting or excessive sweating, tremors, Irregular heartbeat

What to look for• Behavioral Changes in overall attitude/personality with no other cause. Changes in friends, new hang-outs Change in activities or hobbies Drop in grades or involvement Change in habits at home Difficulty in paying attention: forgetfulness Lack of motivation, energy, “I don’t care” Sudden oversensitivity, temper tantrums Moodiness, irritability Silliness Paranoia Excessive need for privacy Secretive Chronic Dishonesty

Marijuana• Short Term

-Problems with memory, learning -distorted perception (sights, sounds)-trouble with thinking and problem solving.-loss of coordination-increased heart rate- increased anxiety

Marijuana cont.• Long term effects

- cancer- respiratory problems- impaired immune system- amotivational syndrome- addiction

Not the Pot of the 70’s• Hybrids of both cannabis saiva and

cannabis indica have been cross bred, resulting in high potency marijuana containing sometimes dangerously high levels of THC.

Depressants• Alcohol

-remains one of the most abused substances by youth.-binge drinking is common

Short Term effects:Loss of coordination, slowed reaction time, all body functions slowed, decreased inhibitions.

Long Term effects: AlcoholismMedical Complications: Alcohol poisoning

Depressants Cont.• Benzodiazapenes-pills

-valium, ativan, xanax, librium, tranxene, halcion

• Short term effects-drowsiness-dizziness-slurred speech

• Long Term effects: Addiction

Depressants associated with predatory rape!

• Rohypnol-pills-forget me pill, mexican valium, roofies

Short Term effects- muscle relaxation-loss of muscle control-loss of consciousness-partial amnesia

Depressants associated with predatory rape

cont.• GHB-odorless colorless liquid

-G,georgia home boy, grievous bodily harm, liquid ecstasy-Short Term effects

Drowsiness, nausea, unconsciousness

Stimulants• Methamphetamine (Mo. Remains the number one

state for meth.in the U.S.)-Meth, crank, crystal, tweek, fire, glass, ice

Short Term Effects:-increased heart rate, body temperature and blood pressure, muscle tension, anxiety-decreased need for sleep-sensitivity to light sound and touch-increased activity-rapid speech-violent behavior

Medical Complications: heart attack, seizures, stroke

Stimulants cont.• Ecstasy-MDMA

Short Term effects-increased heart rate, body temp. and blood pressure.-euphoria-anxiety-decreased need for sleep-sensitivity to light sound and touch

Medical Complications: increased likelihood for heart stroke and dehydration.

Stimulants cont.• Pschostimulants prescribed for

ADD/ADHD– Aderall, Ritalin, Dexadrin

Stimulants cont. • Cocaine

Short term effects-increased heart rate-euphoria-alertness-sensitivity to light and touch-decreased need for food and sleep-erratic behavior

Medical complications: heart problems, respiratory failure, stroke, seizure

Hallucinogens• LSD (Acid, blotter, boomer’s microdot, yellow)

Short Term effects-increased heart rate-altered states of perception-delusions-audio and visual hallucinationsLong Term Effects-flash backs-brain damage-drug induced schizophrenia

Opiates• Heroin (smack, junk, dope, H., horse, boyd)

Short term effects-surge of pleasure sensation-warm flushing of the skin-dry mouth-heavy feelings in the extremities-possible nausca/vomiting-severe itching-drowsiness for several hours-clouded mental functioningMedical Complications: overdose, collapsed veins, bacterial abscesses, infection of the heart

Opiates Cont. • Opium (Big O, black stuff, gum,

hop• Prescription opiate pain killers

codeine, morphine, Demerol, percocet, percodan, darvocet, darvon, vicodam, oxycontin.

Inhalants• Solvents• Paint thinner, gasoline,• Gasses (Butane, aerosol, computer

dusterEffects: Memory loss, difficulty concentrating, weight loss, depression, permanent brain damage, damage to respiratory and cardiovascular system.

Over the counter medications

• Any medication containing Dextromethorphan (DXM)

• Coicidin Cough and Cold, Robitussin, Nyquil

• Dramamine

Skills Needed for intervention

• Observation• Open Ended Questions• Active Listening• “I” messages• Referral if needed • Assistance in life style change

ApplicationSam is not the same. He came into J.C.

testing negative. However, he has changed lately. He is not remembering his assignments. He seems very awkward lately. He is experiencing a lot of worry and anxiety lately. He is with a new group of students. He is not progressing in the program right now.

How do you apply the intervention skills?

Plan of Action • Social Norming Approach

• Dorm Meetings

• One-On-One