Year 1 : Animal Biology Revision

1 The Cell and cell organelles.2 Cell Division.3 Tissues.4 Sense Organs

1

The Cell and cell organelles2

What are the roles of the following cell organelles : 1. Nucleus 2. Mitochondria 3. Ribosomes 4. Lysosome 5. Cytoplasm 6. Plasma Membrane

Cell Division : Mitosis3

1. When does mitosis take place ?2. State the stages of mitosis.3. Name the stages visible in the above image.4. How does mitosis affect the diploid number of chromosomes in the cell nucleus ?

Cell Division : Meiosis – Crossing over

Blue eyes

Brown hair

Straight coat

Green eyes

Black hair

Wavy coat

4

1. When does meiosis take place ?2. What is the influence of meiosis on the diploid number ?3. How many times does the cell divide during meiosis ? How many new cells are

produced ?

After crossing over the genes for black and brown hair have swopped chromosomes.

Tissues : Epithelial Tissue

Lung Alveoli

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1. Which type of epithelial tissue forms the walls of the lung alveoli ?2. How are the lung alveoli adapted for gaseous exchange ?

Epithelial Tissue

Layer of dividing cells ( Mitosis )

Keratinised cells

Cells moving upwards

6

1 What structure is formed by these cells ?2. Which type of epithelial tissue ?

Connective Tissues7

1. What is the name of the protein fibre that gives ligaments and tendons great tensile strength?2. Differentiate between a ligament and a tendon.3. What is stored by adipose tissue?

Nervous Tissue : The Neuron8

1 Which way does the electrical impulse travel in a neuron?2 Explain the roles of the dendrites, axon, myelin sheath and nodes of Ranvier?3 Where would you locate the myelin sheath and nodes of Ranvier in Image A ?

A

Muscle Tissue9

Which three types of muscle are indicated by these images ?

Skeleton

Axial, Appendicular and the splanchnic skeletons

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1 Identify the bones which make up the axial and appendicular skeletons.2 Which bone is part of the splanchnic skeleton, and in which animals ?

Sense Organs

Echo - location

11

1. Explain the location and roles of the following eye components : a) sclera b) cornea c) iris d) lens e) aqueous and vitreous humour f) tapetum g) retina h) rods and cones.2 State three animal species that use echo location.3 Which extra sense is possessed by pythons and rattlesnakes ?

Sense Organs12

1. How does the ear of a dog differ from a human ear?

2. What is the tympanic membrane?3. What are the ossicles and what is their

role?