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Control System(1) 控制系統 清雲科技大學電機工程系 Ya-Fu Peng February, 2009 1 Control Systems

Ya-Fu Peng February, 2009 - uch.edu.tww3.uch.edu.tw/ee_yf/ppt/ch2.pdf · • February, 2009 1 Control Systems Control System(1) 2 內容 簡介 頻域模型 時域模型 時間響應

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  • Control System(1)

    控制系統

    ‧清雲科技大學電機工程系

    • Ya-Fu Peng• February, 2009

    1

    Control Systems

  • Control System(1) 2

    內容

    簡介

    頻域模型頻域模型

    時域模型

    時間響應

    互聯子系統之簡化

    穩定度

    穩態誤差

  • Control System(1) 3

    從物理系統的示意圖推導數學模型

    Chapter 2 Modeling in the Frequency Domain

    頻域:轉移函數 Ch2

    時域:狀態方程式 Ch3

  • Control System(1) 4

    Chapter 2

    為何採用頻域分析-便利性

  • Control System(1) 5

    ∫∞ −−

    ==0

    )()()]([ dtetfsFtf stL

    ωσ js +=

    Chapter 2

    拉氏轉換(Laplace Transform)

    定義

    其中

  • Control System(1) 6

    Chapter 2

    拉氏轉換表

  • Control System(1) 7

    Chapter 2

    拉氏轉換表

  • Control System(1) 8

    Chapter 2

    拉氏轉換表

  • Control System(1)

    試求 的拉氏轉換

    9

    )()( tuAetf at−=

    ∫∞ −=

    0)()( dtetfsF st

    asA+

    =

    ( )∫∞ +−=

    0dteA tas ( )

    =

    +−

    +−=

    0t

    taseas

    A

    )(0as

    A+

    −−=

    ∫∞ −−=

    0dteAe stat

    Chapter 2

    Ex:

  • Control System(1)

    試求 的反拉氏轉換

    10

    ( )( )23

    1+

    =s

    sF

    → 12s

    ( )ttue t3−

    ( )ttu

    ( )=⎥

    ⎤⎢⎣

    + 21

    31

    s-L

    ( ) →+ asF ( )tfe at−

    Chapter 2

    Ex:

  • Control System(1) 11

    )()()()(

    )()())(()(

    )()()(

    2

    2

    1

    1

    21

    n

    n

    m

    m

    nm

    psk

    psk

    psk

    psk

    pspspspssN

    sDsNsF

    ++

    +++

    ++

    +=

    ++++=

    =

    LL

    LL

    Chapter 2

    部分分式展開

    狀況1: F(s)分母含有不同的實數根

  • Control System(1)

    Chapter 2

    部分分式展開

    狀況2:F(s)分母的根為實根且重根

    )()()()(

    )()()()(

    )()()(

    1

    11

    1

    2

    1

    1

    21

    n

    nrrrr

    nr

    psk

    psk

    psk

    psk

    pspspssN

    sDsNsF

    ++

    +++

    ++

    +=

    +++=

    =

    −+− LL

    L

    12

  • Control System(1)

    Chapter 2

    部分分式展開

    狀況3:F(s)分母的根為複數根或虛根

    L

    L

    +++

    ++

    +=

    +++==

    )()(

    ))(()(

    )()()(

    232

    1

    1

    21

    rqssksk

    psk

    rqsspssN

    sDsNsF

    13

  • Control System(1)

    ,其中

    14

    )(32)(32)(12)( tutytyty =+′+′′0)0()0( ==′ −− yy

    ssYssYsYs 32)(32)(12)(2 =++

    )0()0()()( 2 −− ′−−→′′ ysysYsty

    )0()()( −−→′ yssYty

    stu 1)( →

    Chapter 2

    Ex:

    )3212(32)( 2 ++

    =sss

    sY

  • Control System(1)

    ( ) ( )81

    421

    )8()4(

    )8)(4(32

    )3212(32)(

    321

    2

    ++

    +−=

    ++

    ++=

    ++=

    ++=

    ssssk

    sk

    sk

    sssssssY

    Chapter 2

    )8(1

    )4(21)(

    ++

    +−=

    ssssY

    )()(2)()( 84 tuetuetuty tt −− +−=

    1 -L

    )()21()( 84 tueety tt −− +−=

    15

  • Control System(1)

    ,其中

    16

    6)(7)(9)(2 =+′+′′ tytyty0)0()0( ==′ −− yy

    Chapter 2

    練習題

  • Control System(1) 17

    )2()2()1()2)(1(2)( 32

    212 +

    ++

    ++

    =++

    =sk

    sk

    sk

    sssF

    ( ),2

    22

    121 =+

    =−→ss

    k ( ) 212

    22 −=+=

    −→ssk

    Chapter 2

    EX:

    2)1(

    2)(!)12(

    1

    22

    2

    13 −=+

    −=

    −=

    −→−→ ss sdssdFk

    )2(2

    )2(2

    12)( 2 +

    −+

    −+

    =sss

    sY1 -L

    )()222()( 22 tueteety ttt −−− −−=

  • Control System(1) 18

    )52(

    )52(3)(

    2321

    2

    +++

    +=

    ++=

    ssksk

    sk

    ssssF

    53

    )52(3

    021 =++

    =→sss

    k

    skskss

    skskssk

    32

    22

    32

    22

    1

    )52(533

    )52(3

    ++++=

    ++++=

    56 ,

    53

    32 −=−=⇒ kk

    Chapter 2

    Ex:

    接著兩邊同乘分母可得:

  • Control System(1) 19

    ( )( )

    ( )( ) ( ) 2222

    22

    2

    21

    221

    53

    21

    153

    53

    21531

    53

    53

    5256

    53

    53

    )(

    ++

    ⋅⋅−+

    ++

    +−+=

    ++

    −+−+=

    ++

    −−+=

    ss

    s

    s

    s

    s

    s

    ss

    s

    ssF

    tetety tt 2sin1032cos

    53

    53)( −− −−=

    Chapter 2

    1 -L

    ( ) )(

    22232

    ωω

    ++++

    ⇒++

    +as

    BasArqss

    ksk

    tAeas

    asA at ωω

    cos)(

    )(22

    −⇒++

    +

    tBeasB at ω

    ωω sin)( 22

    −⇒++

  • Control System(1) 20

    2

    24321

    2

    )3(3

    10

    )3(9

    40

    )2(59

    5)3()3()2(

    )3)(2(10)(

    ++

    ++

    +−

    +=

    ++

    ++

    ++=

    ++=

    ssss

    sk

    sk

    sk

    sk

    ssssF

    ttt teeety 3323

    109

    40595)( −−− ++−=

    Chapter 2

    EX:

    1 -L

  • Control System(1) 21

    系統輸入 輸出

    )(sR )(sY 0IC)()()(

    =

    ≡sRsYsT

    Chapter 2

    轉移函數(Transfer Function):T(s)

    n 階線性非時變微分方程

    )()()(

    )()()(

    01

    1

    1

    01

    1

    1

    trbdt

    trdbdt

    trdb

    tyadt

    tydadt

    tyda

    m

    m

    mm

    m

    m

    n

    n

    nn

    n

    n

    +++=

    +++

    L

    L

    )()()(

    )()()(

    01

    1

    01

    1

    sRbsRsbsRsb

    sYasYsasYsam

    mm

    m

    nn

    nn

    +++=

    +++−

    −−

    L

    L

    L

  • Control System(1) 22

    )()()()( 01

    101

    1 sRbsbsbsYasasam

    mm

    mn

    nn

    n +++=+++−

    −−

    − LL

    Chapter 2

    011

    1

    011

    1)()()(

    aasasabbsbsbsT

    sRsY

    nn

    nn

    mm

    mm

    ++++++++

    == −−

    −−

    L

    L

    )(sY

  • Control System(1) 23

    )()(2)( trtydt

    tdy=+

    )()(2)( sRsYssY =+2

    1)()()(

    +==⇒

    ssRsYsT

    Chapter 2

    Ex:試求轉移函數T(s),若r(t)=1試求y(t)Sol:

    25.05.01

    21)()()(

    +−

    +=⋅+

    =⋅=ssss

    sRsTsY

    tety 221

    21)( −−=

    1 -L

    L

  • Control System(1) 24

    57334

    )()()(

    )()34()()573()(3)(4)()(5)(7)(3)(

    23

    2

    223

    223

    +++++

    ==⇒

    ++=+++⇒

    ++=+++

    sssss

    sRsYsT

    sRsssYssssRssRsRssYssYsYssYs

    )(3)(4)()(5)(7)(3)( 22

    2

    2

    3

    3

    trdt

    tdrdt

    trdtydt

    tdydt

    tyddt

    tyd++=+++

    Chapter 2

    Ex:試求轉移函數T(s)

    Sol:

  • Control System(1) 25

    2612

    )()()( 2 ++

    +==

    sss

    sRsYsT

    )()(2)(2)(6)()()(2)(2)(6)(

    )()12()()26(

    2

    2

    2

    2

    trdt

    tdrtydt

    tdydt

    tydsRssRsYssYsYs

    sRssYss

    +=++⇒

    +=++⇒

    +=++

    Chapter 2

    Ex:試由轉移函數T(s)求出對應的微分方程式

    Sol:

  • Control System(1)

    Chapter 2

    電路之轉移函數

    )()( sRIsVR =⇒電阻

    )(1)( sICs

    sVC =⇒電容

    )()( ssLIsVL =⇒電感

    )()()(Z

    sIsVs =⇒阻抗

    26

  • Control System(1)

    Chapter 2

    Ex:試求輸入電壓與電容電壓之轉移函數

    )()(1)()( sVsIsC

    sRIssLI =++

    )()(1)()(0

    tvdiC

    tRidt

    tdiLt

    =++ ∫ ττL

    27

  • Control System(1) 28

    Chapter 2

    11

    )()(

    )(1

    1)(1)(

    )(1

    )(11)(

    )()()1(

    2

    2

    2

    ++=⇒

    ++==⇒

    ++=

    ++=⇒

    =++

    RCsLCssVsV

    sVRCsLCs

    sIsC

    sV

    sVRCsLCs

    sCsV

    sCRsL

    sI

    sVsIsC

    RsL

    C

    C

    11

    2 ++ RCsLCs)(sV

    )(sVC

  • Control System(1)

    )()()( 2

    sVsIsT =

    Chapter 2

    Ex:試求輸入電壓與電容上電流之轉移函數

    29

  • Control System(1)

    ⎪⎩

    ⎪⎨⎧

    =++−

    =−+⇒ 0)(1)()]()([

    )()]()([)(

    22212

    2111

    sIsC

    sIRsIsIsL

    sVsIsIsLsIR

    Chapter 2

    30

  • Control System(1)

    )()(1

    0)(

    )(1

    2121

    2

    1

    1

    2 sV

    CL

    sCRsRRLRR

    sL

    sCsLRsL

    sLsLRsL

    sVsLR

    sI++++

    =

    ++−

    −+−+

    =

    Chapter 2

    ⎥⎦

    ⎤⎢⎣

    ⎡=⎥

    ⎤⎢⎣

    ⎡⎥⎥

    ⎢⎢

    ++−

    −+⇒

    0)(

    )()(

    12

    1

    2

    1 sVsIsI

    sCsLRsL

    sLsLR

    )()()()(

    )()(121

    221

    22 sV

    RsLCRRsRRLCLCs

    sVsIsT

    ++++==⇒

    利用Cramer 法則

    31