Y Maricoltura di SOLV Rosignano Solvay Srl O NAN …...A Y O CLOSING THE LIFE SOLV G NAN O CYCLE OF OCTOPUS GS I ROSI VULGARIS IN G CAPTIVITY U F. Lenzi, S. Lenzi and T. De Wolf RA

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Maricoltura di Rosignano Solvay Srl

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Larvi 2009Larvi 2009 September 8September 8--1010thth Ghent, BelgiumGhent, Belgium

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CLOSING THE LIFE CLOSING THE LIFE

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OCLOSING THE LIFE CLOSING THE LIFE CYCLE OF CYCLE OF OCTOPUS OCTOPUS

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SIGVULGARIS VULGARIS IN IN

CAPTIVITY CAPTIVITY

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ICAPTIVITY CAPTIVITY F. Lenzi, S. Lenzi and T. De Wolf

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Maricoltura di Rosignano Solvay, Via P.Gigli, I-57013 Rosignano Solvay, Italy

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Partners in the Partners in the

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Aresearch research Maricoltura di Rosignano SolvayMaricoltura di Rosignano Solvay (MRS); Project coordinator and (MRS); Project coordinator and work on broodstock live prey cultivation and larval rearingwork on broodstock live prey cultivation and larval rearing

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Owork on broodstock, live prey cultivation and larval rearing work on broodstock, live prey cultivation and larval rearing Laboratory of Lagoon Ecology of OrbetelloLaboratory of Lagoon Ecology of Orbetello; paralarval rearing ; paralarval rearing with natural planktonwith natural planktonArpat LivornoArpat Livorno; sampling campaign in the sea of wild Octopus ; sampling campaign in the sea of wild Octopus paralarvae and associated zooplanktonparalarvae and associated zooplankton

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SIGparalarvae and associated zooplankton paralarvae and associated zooplankton

CIBMCIBM (Interuniversity centre of marine biology) (Interuniversity centre of marine biology) –– Livorno: analyses Livorno: analyses and classification of the material collected in the sea and classification of the material collected in the sea UNIFIUNIFI Dep. Biotechnology; analysis and study of the algae Dep. Biotechnology; analysis and study of the algae associated ith the paralar al rearing phaseassociated ith the paralar al rearing phase

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Iassociated with the paralarval rearing phase associated with the paralarval rearing phase UNIPIUNIPI Department of comparative Anatomy: histological study on Department of comparative Anatomy: histological study on the PL in different development stages the PL in different development stages Artemia Reference CentreArtemia Reference Centre (ARC); study of the nutritional (ARC); study of the nutritional h t i ti f th lih t i ti f th li

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Inve TechnologiesInve Technologies (ITECH); development of inert feeds for (ITECH); development of inert feeds for paralarvae and special artemia ongrowing and enrichment feedsparalarvae and special artemia ongrowing and enrichment feeds

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AYStructureStructure

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AStructureStructureIntroduction:Introduction:

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OIntroduction:Introduction:Taxonomy Taxonomy Potential of the speciesPotential of the species

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SIGPotential of the speciesPotential of the species

Overview results paralarval rearing (literature)Overview results paralarval rearing (literature)State of the artState of the art

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IState of the artState of the artOngrowing juvenilesOngrowing juvenilesBroodstock maturationBroodstock maturation

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Egg depositionEgg depositionParalarval and juvenile rearingParalarval and juvenile rearing

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AYStructureStructure

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AStructureStructureParalarval and juvenile rearingParalarval and juvenile rearing

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OParalarval and juvenile rearingParalarval and juvenile rearingImportance of the rearing volume and rearing densityImportance of the rearing volume and rearing densityImportance of “green water”Importance of “green water”

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SIGImportance of green waterImportance of green water

Live preys and inert feedsLive preys and inert feedsSurvivalSurvival

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Histological studiesHistological studies

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ConclusionsConclusions

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IntroductionIntroduction

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TaxonomyTaxonomy

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Phylum:Phylum: MolluscaMolluscaClass:Class: CephalopodaCephalopoda

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Family:Family: OctopodidaeOctopodidaeGenus:Genus: OctopusOctopus

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IGenus:Genus: OctopusOctopusSpecies:Species: Octopus Octopus vulgaris Cuviervulgaris Cuvier

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AYIntroductionIntroduction

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NOIdeal candidate for Ideal candidate for

industrial aquacultureindustrial aquaculture

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SIGEasy adaptation to Easy adaptation to

captivitycaptivityExtremely high growthExtremely high growth

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IExtremely high growth Extremely high growth raterateHigh market priceHigh market price

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Lack of juveniles for Lack of juveniles for ongrowingongrowing

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IntroductionIntroduction

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ASummary survival rates Summary survival rates ((Iglesias et al, 2007Iglesias et al, 2007))

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Reference group Live food Type Survival (%)

ICM-CSIC (Barcelona) Zoeae and Artemia 54% at day 20 0 8% at day 60

(( gg ))

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SIG0.8% at day 60

IEO (Vigo) Zoeae and Artemia 31.5% at day 40

ICCM (Canary Island) Zoeae and Artemia 11-27% at day 30

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ICEP (Spain) Zoeae and Artemia 90% at day 20 3.4% at day 60

IFAPA (Spain) Zoeae, Moina and Artemia 5-15% at day 35

YS (Japan) Artemia + artificial 10-30% at day 30

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Artemia + artificial 10-30% at day 30

FURG (Brazil) Zoeae, copepods, mysids and Artemia

1-40% at day 40

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State of the artState of the art

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Ongrowing of juvenilesOngrowing of juveniles

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OCatch of juveniles Catch of juveniles from the wildfrom the wild

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SIGPeriod: august Period: august --

novembernovemberFeed: crab trashFeed: crab trash

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IFeed: crab, trash Feed: crab, trash fish,…fish,…Natural thermoNatural thermo--

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and photoperiodand photoperiod

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State of the ArtState of the ArtM t ti f M t ti f

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AMaturation of Maturation of BroodstockBroodstock

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OBroodstockBroodstockSeparation of males and Separation of males and females before onset offemales before onset of

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SIGfemales before onset of females before onset of

spawningspawning

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State of the ArtState of the ArtMaturation of Maturation of

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AMaturation of Maturation of BroodstockBroodstock

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Transfer of females Transfer of females to incubation tanksto incubation tanks

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and acclimationand acclimation

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Conditions:Conditions:

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Temp: 19Temp: 19--2020°°CCPhotoperiod: 14L/10DPhotoperiod: 14L/10D

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Photoperiod: 14L/10DPhotoperiod: 14L/10D

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HatchingHatchingHatching after incubation Hatching after incubation

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ggtime of around 35 days at time of around 35 days at 2020°°CCAsynchronicalAsynchronical hatching (7hatching (7--18 d )18 d )

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SIG18 days)18 days)

Mother animals die 18Mother animals die 18--30 30 days after hatching of the days after hatching of the last egglast egg

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Ilast egglast egg

Amount of eggs: 20,000 Amount of eggs: 20,000 ––300,000 per female300,000 per female

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Egg viability: Egg viability: Maternal care: >95% Maternal care: >95% No maternal care:No maternal care: ±± 60%60%

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No maternal care: No maternal care: ±± 60%60%

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Paralarval rearingParalarval rearing

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Rearing VolumeRearing Volume

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Tank volumes: 100Tank volumes: 100--500500--10001000--6000l6000l=> best survival in larger volumes=> best survival in larger volumes

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SIG=> best survival in larger volumes=> best survival in larger volumes

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DensitiesDensities

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Paralarval density: Paralarval density: d b t 3 dd b t 3 d

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SIGranged between 3 and ranged between 3 and

35 paralarvae per l35 paralarvae per lInitial survival (up to day Initial survival (up to day

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I( p y( p y1515--20): not dependant 20): not dependant upon stocking densityupon stocking densityAfter day 20: best After day 20: best

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survival at low density survival at low density (3ind.l(3ind.l--11))

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Green WaterGreen WaterSurvival of PL

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Comparison of:Comparison of:Clear waterClear water

Survival of PL

8090

100110

%)

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NannochloropsisNannochloropsisIsochrysisIsochrysisNannoNanno IsoIso 40

50607080

l sur

v (%

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INannoNanno--IsoIso

Role of algae:Role of algae:Light diffusionLight diffusion 0

10203040

Rel

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Bacteriostatic activity?Bacteriostatic activity?Feed complement?Feed complement?

00 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40

Age (dph)Clear water IsochrysisNannochloropsis Nanno+Iso

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ggLive prey Live prey –– inert feedsinert feeds

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OLive preys:Live preys:Rotifers (Rotifers (Brachionus spp.)Brachionus spp.)Artemia nauplii metaArtemia nauplii meta--

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SIGArtemia nauplii, metaArtemia nauplii, meta--

nauplii and adults nauplii and adults (enriched)(enriched)MysidsMysids

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IMysidsMysidsCopepodsCopepods

Inert feed:Inert feed:

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Moist, semiMoist, semi--moist, drymoist, dryWhite White –– reddish reddish -- brownbrown

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ggLive prey Live prey –– inert feedsinert feeds

Live preys:Live preys:

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OLive preys:Live preys:Preference for large Preference for large ArtemiaArtemiaNo better survival withNo better survival with

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addition of other wild addition of other wild zooplanktonzooplanktonTrials ongoing comparingTrials ongoing comparing

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ITrials ongoing comparing Trials ongoing comparing enriched versus non enriched versus non enriched artemiaenriched artemia

Inert feed:Inert feed:

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Preference for light Preference for light coloured particlescoloured particles

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Ingested?Ingested?

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State of the art: State of the art: Paralarval and juvenile Paralarval and juvenile

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AParalarval and juvenile Paralarval and juvenile rearingrearing

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Oday 5 day 28 day 33

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day 37 day 51

Major Major morphometricmorphometric changes after day 20: changes after day 20: armlengtharmlength and and

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nr of suckers, eye diameternr of suckers, eye diameter

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State of the art: State of the art:

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Orearingrearing

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2 months

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2 months

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Orearingrearing

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3 months

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3 months

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Orearingrearing

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4 months

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4 months

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Orearingrearing

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5 months

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5 months

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AFirst juvenile reproduced First juvenile reproduced

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“Gino” at 135 dph

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In 2007 we succeeded for the first time to reproduce in In 2007 we succeeded for the first time to reproduce in captivity Octopus juveniles using only oncaptivity Octopus juveniles using only on--farm producedfarm produced

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SurvivalSurvival

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OAvgAvg at 30 at 30 dphdph: >35%: >35%Very high mortality Very high mortality during transition of during transition of

Pl survival 2005

90

100

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SIGplanktonicplanktonic to benthic to benthic

phase phase Several thousand Several thousand

40

50

60

70

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urvi

val (

%)

Pos (meso cosm)

C2 (Iso-Art)

B3 (Nanno-Art)

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Iindividuals are individuals are obtained of 45 obtained of 45 dphdphOldest “juvenile”:Oldest “juvenile”:

0

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30

40

Rel

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C3 (Nanno/Iso-Art)

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140 days140 days0

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Age (dph)

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AYParalarval rearingParalarval rearing

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AggFurther studiesFurther studies

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Histological studiesHistological studies

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SIGSec. of AnatomySec. of Anatomy

Dept. of Animal Dept. of Animal ProductionsProductions

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University of PisaUniversity of Pisa

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AYOngoing researchOngoing research

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AOngoing researchOngoing researchComparison enriched and nonComparison enriched and non--enrichedenriched

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OComparison enriched and nonComparison enriched and non enriched enriched artemia as live prey and first resultsartemia as live prey and first results

GSL Artemia hatched and 24h enriched with GSL Artemia hatched and 24h enriched with

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Spresso®Spresso®Further ongrowing up to bigger Artemia with ideal Further ongrowing up to bigger Artemia with ideal size of 3mmsize of 3mm 1cm using algae and Prolon ®1cm using algae and Prolon ®

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Isize of 3mm size of 3mm –– 1cm using algae and Prolon ®1cm using algae and Prolon ®Enrichment of the treatment group during 1Enrichment of the treatment group during 1--3h 3h with experimental enrichment product (INVE), with experimental enrichment product (INVE),

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rich in HUFArich in HUFA

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AOngoing researchOngoing researchComparison enriched and nonComparison enriched and non--enrichedenriched

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OComparison enriched and nonComparison enriched and non enriched enriched artemia as live prey and first resultsartemia as live prey and first results

SurvivalSurvival

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GrowthGrowth

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Ag gg gSurvivalSurvival

R l ti i l (%)

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ORelative survival (%)2530

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101520

ControlEnriched

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7 14 21 29 35

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Higher survival in the enriched Artemia group

7 14 21 29 35Age (dph)

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g g p

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Ongoing researchOngoing researchGrowth: morphometrics at w1 post hatchGrowth: morphometrics at w1 post hatch

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AGrowth: morphometrics at w1 post hatchGrowth: morphometrics at w1 post hatchParameters (mm) Control Enriched

Total length

n 40 40

mean 3 15 B 3 36 A

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OTotal length mean 3,15 B 3,36 A

SD 0,250 0,246

Mantle Length

n 40 40

mean 1,55 B 1,63 A

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SIGMantle Length mean 1,55 B 1,63 A

SD 0,149 0,170

Head Width

n 40 40

mean 1,11 1,14

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SD 0,089 0,075

Eye Diameter

n 40 40

mean 0,50 0,49

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SD 0,044 0,025

Arm Length

n 40 40

mean 1,16 1,21

SD 0 151 0 136

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SD 0,151 0,136

Note: means with different letters differ per P<0.01

ConclusionsConclusions

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ConclusionsConclusionsPotential for Large Scale Potential for Large Scale

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APotential for Large Scale Potential for Large Scale ProductionProduction

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OEasy ongrowing of juveniles and Easy ongrowing of juveniles and maturation of broodstock in captivitymaturation of broodstock in captivity

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SIGA few hundred of thousands of eggs per A few hundred of thousands of eggs per

female can be obtained with a high female can be obtained with a high fertilization rate (>95%)fertilization rate (>95%)

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Ifertilization rate (>95%)fertilization rate (>95%)High survival rates of paralarval up to 35High survival rates of paralarval up to 35--40 days40 days

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First juveniles have been producedFirst juveniles have been produced

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ConclusionsConclusionsSuggestions for further Suggestions for further

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ASuggestions for further Suggestions for further researchresearch

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OContinue paralarval rearing using Continue paralarval rearing using “standard” aquaculture techniques“standard” aquaculture techniques

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SIGImprove growth and survival rate by Improve growth and survival rate by

adjusting the nutritional profile of adjusting the nutritional profile of ArtemiaArtemia

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IAttention towards other components Attention towards other components besides HUFA, such as S and Cubesides HUFA, such as S and Cu

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Maricoltura di Maricoltura di Rosignano Solvay SrlRosignano Solvay Srl

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ARosignano Solvay SrlRosignano Solvay SrlThank you for your attentionThank you for your attention

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This research was co-funded by the regional agency

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Larvi 2009Larvi 2009

for agricultural development in Tuscany (A.R.S.I.A.)

Documents

Y Maricoltura di SOLV Rosignano Solvay Srl O NAN …...A Y O CLOSING THE LIFE SOLV G NAN O CYCLE OF OCTOPUS GS I ROSI VULGARIS IN G CAPTIVITY U F. Lenzi, S. Lenzi and T. De Wolf RA