45
______ ______ I. TRANSACTION CODe C - A GNCY "ON INKI NAtiO AL. CVOIO PCNT 1 AO Pp A " 0 AN.£ PROJECT PAPER FACE.HEET A 2. ODEU?£ 3 3. COUNTRYI'ENTITY 4. OOCUMENT REVISION NUMBER LA Regional S. PROJECT NUMBER (7 digits) 6. 1BUREAU/OFFrICE 7. PROJECT TITLE (,Weximum 40 cheactitrs) 0. COOP_ A. SYmi.0 E-9-00 98- 0101 I LA CE5 1 Lree Labor Development (AIFLD) 8. EST7'AATEO FY OF PROJECT COMPLETION 9. ESTIMATED DATE OF OBLIGATION I, INI TIAL Y [ 71271 IS. QUARTER0 oniuigA. WyL -1 0 C IN AL IT LLjJ Of~~fig I0. ESTIMATED COSTS (5000 OR EQUIVALENT SI - I LIFE___ OF PROJECT___ FY AFUDN ORZFIRST A F I ex OU.1 0. . rOTAL C. X W. L/C G. TOTAL [j_______T______ AID APPROPRIA TZO TOTAL RJC CRAN TI _ 5,860 [30)985 LV ANI _____IT__ H~OST COUNTRY ______ ______ ______1 OTHER ONORIS I t _ TOTALS ______________ _____ 1 1. PROPOSED SUCCE7 AP O;PIA-SC rUNCS .5000) A. APPRO- B. PRIMARY =RIMARlY TESCH. C:ODS E. IST xY? 2 .I.N0FY7.8. ~. 3ROFY 7 1 PRIATION UIRPOSE aR A .- A .RA)' N RANTml J. ' AN -' aAN 'A. AN O DE . [I I I I I 31 HR 68 690______ I 1 9I.6 c; 1',0 -37ALS 5,P60 f 5,5 ,0 = ' t . TH . °(2 , -" 521 L.I OF P J£C. 2 'N-OEP=TN EVAL- S 11. 4TH 7 57,4 __ LIFE OF PRCJECT UATION SCH)ECULEC ' A. APPROP IA TION I . 3 -. ARANN N 'RANr S. .,aAN 0. 3RAN r O' R, (,_ 16,500 1 !1 6,500 130,985 1 _ I , I I, 8 (3) (4) 1 _ _ 1 _ ° , ° Io,5o TOTALS - _ __ I I_° 1 _5 _ 1 rOR LCKS 12, 13. 1A. OR 15 OR IN POP FACESNEET O.%TA, 7LOCK IZ' IF 13. OATA CHANGE IN1f ulCA . 4'EPE C:IANG S MACE IN T'-4= -10 ACESHEET CATA. YES. ATTACH CrANGeo PI FACE3HNET. I. R1 G OFFI CLEARANCE_ IS. OAT OOCUME. RECEIVED IN AID/W. OR FOR AIO/W 0OCU. SIGN4TU-l ME--TS OrATE OF DISTRIBUTION Ch~ar Xs ner * TITLE DATE SIGNED Associate Assistant Administrator LA/MRSD .'y: Th1 /v_ Do .I £60 1330-4 13-741.77

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______ ______

I TRANSACTION CODe C -

A GNCY ON INKI NAtiO AL CVOIO PCNT 1 AO PpA 0 ANpound

PROJECT PAPER FACEHEET A 2 ODEUpound 3

3 COUNTRYIENTITY 4 OOCUMENT REVISION NUMBER

LA Regional S PROJECT NUMBER (7 digits) 6 1BUREAUOFFrICE 7 PROJECT TITLE (Weximum 40 cheactitrs)

0 COOP_A SYmi0E-9-00

98- 0101 I LA CE5 1 Lree Labor Development (AIFLD) 8 EST7AATEO FY OF PROJECT COMPLETION 9 ESTIMATED DATE OF OBLIGATION

I INI TIAL Y [ 71271 IS QUARTER0 oniuigA WyL -1 0 C IN AL IT LLjJ Of~~fig

I0 ESTIMATED COSTS (5000 OR EQUIVALENT SI - I

LIFE___ OF PROJECT___FYAFUDNORZFIRST A F I ex OU1 0 rOTAL C X W LC G TOTAL

[j_______T______AID APPROPRIA TZO TOTAL RJC

CRAN TI _ 5860 [30)985

LV ANI _____IT__

H~OST COUNTRY ______ ______ ______1

OTHER ONORIS I t _TOTALS ______________ _____

1 1 PROPOSED SUCCE7 AP OPIA-SC rUNCS 5000)

A APPRO- B PRIMARY =RIMARlY TESCH CODS E IST xY 2

IN0FY78 ~3ROFY 71PRIATION UIRPOSE aR A - A RA) N RANTml J AN - aAN A ANO DE [I I II I 31 HR 68 690______ I1 9I6 c 10

-37ALS 5P60 f55 0 =

t TH deg(2 - 521 LI OF P JpoundC 2 N-OEP=TN EVAL-S

11 4TH 7 574 __ LIFE OF PRCJECT UATION SCH)ECULEC A APPROP IA TION I 3

- ARANNN RANr S aAN0 3RAN r O R

(_ 16500 1 16500 130985 1

_ I I I 8(3)

(4) 1_ _ 1 _deg degIo5oTOTALS - _ __ I I_deg 1 _5 _

1 r O R LCKS 12 13 1A OR 15 OR IN POP FACESNEET OTA 7LOCK IZ IF

13 OATA CHANGE IN1fulCA 4EPE CIANG S MACE IN T-4= -10 ACESHEET CATA YES ATTACH CrANGeo PI FACE3HNET

I R1 G OFFI CLEARANCE_ IS OAT OOCUME RECEIVED IN AIDW OR FOR AIOW 0OCU

SIGN4TU-l ME--TS OrATE OF DISTRIBUTION

Ch~ar Xs ner

TITLE DATE SIGNED Associate Assistant Administrator LAMRSD y Th1 v_DoI

pound60 1330-4 13-74177

DEPARTMENT OF STATE AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

ALLIANCE FOR PROGRESS WASHINGTO D C 20523

Meeting of the

DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE (DAEC)

Friday February_25 1977 - 230 pm

Room 3484 NS

LATIN AMERICAN REGIONAL - Free Labor Development (AIFLD)

DISTRIBUTION ARALA AALA ENSGirard LAOPNS CUyehara

PRomano LAGCJKessler (2)LADRCWeinberg (6)LADPECoy (8) LAMRSD CRGrader ARAANDFDevine (6)ARACARTHeavner (4)LACARWWheeler (3) ARA-LACEN MWeissman (8) ARA JDreyfuss ARA-LAPAN RCamaur ECARZimmerman (4)PPCDPREEHogan (6) PHAPVC JUlinski (2) OLABDGood (3)SERRODLA GDwoskin (2)ARARPP JOGrady

NOTE Annex 1 (Country Matrices) have not been includedwith all copies Copies are available in Room 3254 NS LAMRSDL

PROJECT PAPER

LATIN AMERICA BUREAU

OFFICE OF MULTILATERAL COORDINATION AND REGIONAL SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS

Q February 1977

PART 1 - SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS

A Face Sheet Data

Project Title Free Labor Movement

Project Number 598-0101

Project Officer George W Phillips

Project Duration Contiiuing

Project Funding FY 1977 through FY 1981

B Recommendations Amount Cumulative

Year Type Funding ($000) Total ($000)

FY 77 Grant 5860 5860

FY 78 Grant 5925 11785

FY 79 Grant 6200 17985

FY 80 Grant 6500 24485

FY 81 Grant 6500 30985

C Description of Project

This is a human resources development project to

strengthen free trade union institutions in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is a regional program Activities

are presently carried out through 13 national programs

2 sub-regional (Caribbean and Central American) a regional

Agrarian Union Development program and a regional union-toshy

union program The project seeks to improve free trade

union leadership at all levels through a variety of

educational activities and social projects

Twenty thousand trade unionists annually will partishy

cipate in workshops and seminars in their own countries

Approximately 300 trade union leaders will be trained in

the United States annually at Front Royal Five hundred

will participate in international conferences Small

($5000-$50000) projects such as credit unions worker

housing and consumer cooperatives will be financed to

improve the social and economic conditions of Latin American

working men and women These projects will be financed from

a Regional Revolving Loan Fund ($800000 capital as of

92076) Smaller impact projects under $5000 each will

be financed from funds provided by the AFL-CIO (approximately

$50000 annually) Through research centers data will be

collected on cost of living comparisons of trade union

rights labor codes comparative salaries and benefits in

2

various sectors and the results distributed to interested

labor organizations for use in bargaining and government

relations Through the Agrarian Union Development Services

program AIFLD will strengthen the leadership of campesino

unions and develop institutions such as producer and marketing

cooperatives and community services for participating members

The American Institute for Free Labor Development (AIFLD)

will carry out most of the activities of this project directly

The remainder the union-to-union program will be carried

out under subgrants by AIFLD to International Trade Secretarshy

iats (international labor institutions organized within a

single industry or sector ie teachers textile workers)

There are seven International Trade Secretariats (ITS) with

US affiliates and in turn affiliated with the International

(ICFTU) participating inConfederation of Free Trade Unions

the project (See Annex 2 International Trade Union Organishy

zations)

The labor organizations in Latin America with whom

free democratic trade unions federationsAIFLD works are

and confederations For the purpose of this project free

democratic trade union organizations can be defined as

1 Those which are affiliated directly or indirectly

with the ICFTU its Inter-American Regional

Organization (ORIT) or one or more of its

International Trade Secretariats or

3

2 Independent unions federations or confederations

(not affiliated with the ICFTU the Christian

Democrat World Confederation of Labor (WCL) or

the Communist World Federation of Trade Unions

(WFTU)

Section 601 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 as

amended declares it to be the policy of the United States

to encourage efforts to strengthen free labor unions in less

developed countries It continues to be AID policy to

strengthen the development capabilities of labor unions to

enhance the skills employment opportunities productivity

freedom and welfare of working men and women In accordance

with AID Policy as defined in a Determination Paper signed

May 2 1973 former Administrator Hannah stated that

Economic growth is not the end purpose of development

but rather is one of the means for attaining developshy

ment objectives A major such objective is to meet

the aspirations of workers and their families for a

better life with dignity and freedom and to help

spread the benefits of economic progress among the wage

and salary components of the labor force In providing

development assistance AID should encourage the developshy

ment of strong independent responsible and democratic

organizations of workers which can engage in collective

4

bargaining and perform other useful functions in the

improvement of the economic and social life of their

members

The Policy paper further states Free and responsible

labor unions enjoying the right to engage in collective

bargaining can have an important role in the process of

modernization and the social and economic development of

the less developed countries For example by acting as

forums for the etchange of information and instruments for

attitudinal change on vLtal development issues such as

bringing to the fore difficult questions of social welfare

and equitable distribution of income seeking to improve the

conditions under which the commitment of labor to industry

takes place and helping advance population and family

planning goals labor unions may strengthen the forces in

a society which are impelling it to modernize

D Summary Findings

This project is consistent with the Foreign Assistance

Act of 1961 as amended and meets the criteria of Section

601 22 USC 2351 to foster private initiative and

competition to encourage the development and use of

cooperatives credit unions and savings and loan associations

to discourage monopolistic practices to improve the technical

efficiency of their industry agriculture and commerce and

5

to strengthen free labor unions In addition this

project is in concert with the Congressional Mandate of

1973 Sections 103 105 106 and 107 which call on AID

to provide basic services to poor people enhancing

their capacity for self-help to increase manpower

training in skills related to development to help

solve economic and social development problems in fields

such as transportation power industry urban development

and export development Congress support of a subshy

stantial role in foreign aid through US private organizshy

ations is well known and is repeated in miny of the Congressional

reports The House Foreign Affairs Committee wrote the Agency

would be expected to work closely with those (private) US

institutions and groups which already have ties established

in the recipient countries The people-to-people

institution-to-institution relationship between Americans

working in development and their equivalent organized groups

in the developing countries is a valuable concept

The project meets all applicable statutory criteria

E Project Issues

1 Is it in the best interest of the US Government

and the AID in particular to propose a five-year program

with AIFLD as this Project Paper proposes to do Are there

other options that the USG should consider

2 What are the prospects for AIFLD country programs being

continued in the region as more and more of the bilateral

6

AID programs are phased out

3 Might it be better to have AIFLD continue the

educational phase of the program and have social developshy

ment programs (health cooperatives etc) funded through

the Operational Program Grants

4 Rather than depend on a US-based private

organization operating primarily through bilateral programs

might it not be better to emphasize regional programs through

regional labor groups such as ORIT or the ITSs

5 Is it appropriate to support AIFLD programs in the

campesino sector

6 Is the balance between administrative and program

cost appropriate

7

PART II

A Background

This project is a follow-on effort to a project begun in

1962 From 1962 to FY 1973 labor programs in Latin American

countries were managed and funded by the USAIDs while US

training and AIFLD headquarters support operations were

managed and funded by AIDW

In FY 1973 all free labor development activities in the

region both US and in-country were combined into one

regional project The project is managed and funded by the

LA Bureau but maintains Country Team involvement in project

design analysis monitoring and evaluation

A comprehensive study of United States Labor Programs in

Latin America was conducted in 1975 by consultants Robert

Alexander and Henry Hammond Dr Alexander a university

professor is a recognized authority on Latin American organized

labor Henry Hammond is a retired Foreign Service Officer with

long experience as a Labor Attache in Latin America

The purpose of the study was to examine labor programs in

light of the significant political economic and social changes

which have occurred in Latin America since 1962 the beginning

of the Alliance for Progress The consultantsreport concluded

among other things

8

1 Aid to free trade unions or those aspiring to

be free conforms to the beliefs which hopefully are shared

by the great majority of our fellow citizens and support the

policy of our government These include a democratic

pluralistic society of relative equality of wealth of power of

social status (The United States Government is not alone in

supporting programs among others are the governments of West

Germany Sweden Netherlands and Great Britain as well as the

Soviet Union)

2 In certain Latin American countries problems may

arise in conducting labor programs due to local abuse of

traditional labor law or limitation on the right to strike

bargain collectively etc In such cases the role of AIFLD may

be

a To support those elementz in the labor

movement which under existing conditions are trying to maintain

something approaching a free labor movement or

b To train younger and 1cwer ranking labor

leaders so that when conditions improve they can renew

collective bargaining and the functiooning of trade union

democracy

3 Whether or not a labor program should be

maintained in a country which represses the free trade union

movement has to be the result of a Ualanced assessment of what

is to be gained and what is to be lost given the particular

c~rcumtances

~-~--- With WbtAWet IN~

represents at this tie the best IWutMxt to SZUy tie

AofWUnited ItprinoI~pa 9de

Latin AMexica Ibct aUM

9 Detailed 0escromL

The Latin Ameicn Mteebt LeR vpni

eseially a cnuiat aon -a rtelow baLSof IM m1 eS bestblihedin 142 with th eia ttate ftw rm

by us Labort PrtvaWte Mpts adi MS Vole OVWUSS AS

the present tise k=W Country SUaShesS are optatwu Iamp Is

L4 countries Zn the mS advanced tntiW hSIUU8 a$

traininq 40 perons per cycle an a mLdestia basts hir Le

to seven cycles Per yea at Tronst ToLVa i a speeI

moris is tiatnm 11-20 pet~aup 1wS LeUniversity amo wsimwashtngton through a mnsotim of ft

AZD has been tbe PuLIaPaL OOM Of tedS duttW U5 Pee

funia period and anears WL~y to tesl est at Ieasth

the near ftues The AZP ammil obuggtt sampe 6 f

$56 milon atae fT 103 reagia ftm aM 5ffOLWaU S iamp

173 toa lo ofV$1fliLUwi La 2f4s IS Iss rum~ ow

-n~i~ pc m ba bes bmb m ashy

omisendatUss of OfJaiLi Pa

A- shy

IV

subamlow~aa nal tatilo owbekieoo MgAm=uwAMvqomm4p

is~N Oleeuaas subampims Uw Pt

Mo asM1=0SMall mn 9 0

0w imf awtmLauli aatt

off foam umJAnwLfimiea

NoUw aMwFmpose toam senil

AilimaWaewomm asAhii

304

--4 S

4 ove soialoia n r

5 Increased labor influence on national

Vol Increased membership paric pation jiIn r

attabs of natlon4 labor organixationsp local unions and

a lasS SMmp ons of Goal Achievements Goal aches twl3 depend not only on the direct impact and

ofWtheW prjctipusbu h4940i Uv ls n economic- shy

and poUtal ollmste of each program country It is assumed Men W UaLptinq countries the development of democraticthe

Maittia (udnios) imoreases the probability of a more eSsitabl d1trLbution of wealth and a stronger labor movement AUL eune nore Luesco on the political economic and social

de~epetproe It is further aemmed that such peeiat willMaLU11w untos to operate indepefdently and

eame the 1vegmmets wr Political parties will ffectively wuvs or U6h0it Mo 1e4e Pmt of dementi~a unions nor

News

a minauth et w~ey o e

aiv~ko ~ ~ tk~

12

educational programs to heighten the effectiveness of labor

leadership and administration at all levels Other types of

assistance will include fostering social projects related to

labor organizations (eg credit unions consumer cooperatives

clinics community development etc) Another aspect of this

project is to strengthen communication and collaboration

between the free labor organizations of the various countries

and between them and the principal appropriate international

labor organizations-- the Inter-American Regional Organization

of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (ITS)

as well as the AFL-CIO itself Such associations will complement

other measures to enhance the stature of Latin American labor

organizations and to assist their progress toward free democratic

and responsible unionism

b Conditions Expected at End of Project (Targets)For each participating country

one (or more) national democratic labor confederation that has

competent leadership and adequate staff has an adequate operating

budget is financially self-sufficient provides a series of

services to its affiliates is located in its own national headshy

quarters periodically publishes a newspaper or newsletter is

governed in a democratic manner and is affiliated with and pays

dues to ORIT Targets for each country or sub-regional program

as well as growth in labor union membership income from dues

union financial strength and the number quality and coverage

of collective agreements are specified in the attached country

13

matrices (Annex one (1))

It should be clearly borne in mind however that attempts to measure such quantitative changes are difficult because available country data are often not available or reliable

Further growth may be stopped or even reversed at times because of unforeseen political factors which negate the best efforts of the contractor Therefore the EOPS targets as indicated in the attached country matrices vary considerably and may have to be changed from time to time In certain cases EOPS of longer than five years are indicated in other cases it has proved impossible to identify an EOPS date which appears realistic to all parties including the CT and AIDW Accordingly for overall purposes of the regional Project Paper five year approval of the regional labor program is requested in order to cover all AIFLD programs anticipated to be in operation during

the period FY 1977-1981

Hopefully a significant portion of the in-country activities of the project (eg operation of national training programs and social projects) will have been taken over by LA countries or international labor organizations by the time of final termination of AID funding to this project In some cases this may depend upon an increase in the income and staff of the principal appropriate international labor organizations--the

Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (=TS) so that they could

14

supplement the capacity of the less-developed labor movements

The same could also be said of the relationship between

stronger and weaker labor organizations within each country

Consequently a strengthening of ties (through increased

affiliations and dues contributions) between labor organizations

both nationally and internationally will be an important

condition precedent to the end of the AID-financed project

c Basic Assumptions The basic assumption

concerning design-of this project is that workers in the other

countries of the region can best be helped to achieve the goal

by an organization closely related to the labor movement in the

United States This assumption proceeds from matters of

feelings of fraternal solidaritytechnical expertise as well as

and was the underlying reason for making the American Institute

for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) the chosen instrument of

AID for this project Another important assumption is that

the governments of the several countries will continue to permit

AIFLD to operate within their jurisdictions and will honor

their international commitments favoring free labor organizations

3 Project Outputs

a Training courses will be given in the various

Latin American countries dealing with fundamental labor union

themes such as labor law and practice social security law and

practice collective bargaining and grievance procedures

parliamentary procedure and public speaking history of the

15

international labor union movement social theory labor union

accounting communications and public relations Such

courses are given at basic intermediate and specialized levels

Special courses are provided for agrarian rural workers

(compesinos) teachers and for members of cooperatives associated

with labor unions

Two hundred graduates of local courses come to the United

States annually for advanced training at the AIFLD center

at Front Royal Virginia Examples of such courses include

Techniques of Organizing

The role of Trade Union Women in Economic Development

Labor Relations amp Collective Bargaining

Collective Bargaining amp Research

Collective Bargaining amp Trade Union Rights

Adjustment to Automation

A specially selected group of 15-20 participants annually US

receives a specialuniversity level curriculum These partshy

icipants are elected or appointed union officials who are

currently at the policy making level This training is conshy

ducted in Spanish in the Washington DC area by professors

from the Consortium of DC area universities The courses

include subjects such as Survey of Basic Economics International

Relations Industrial Sociology Survey of Contemporary Latin

16

America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and

Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political

Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor

Relations in Latin America and individual research projects

AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali

Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists

to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD

provides technical assistance in management of credit unions

and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type

of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances

the prestige and attraction of free labor unions

b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed

in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic

intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services

for their members and organizational units established (education

social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for

local programs

c Important Output Assumptions

1 The ability of union leaders to

negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies

more effective union management based on AIFLD education of

union leadership

17

2 Union members will devote free time at

night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers

will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy

time courses

3 Trained instructors will be available to

conduct education programs

4 Project Inputs

a Kinds of Inputs

US Government

1 Funds for program and administrative

expenses

Logistic support (motor pool furniture2

duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the

country and EmbassyUSAID policy

Other Donors

1 Local logistic support (use of free

classroom space and instructors)

Funds for special project activities2

(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)

AIFLD private funds for special projects3

4 ITS private funds for shared staff and

program costs

5 Local funds for lost-time payments to

somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in

cases

18

US Government

Estimated costs of the program to the US

Government over the project period have been estimated on the

basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by

country and by time period the totals reveal an order of

magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows

1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ

60 52 44 55 14

The largest single element is comprised of

country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy

to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include

advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support

($15)

5 Analyses of Country Matrices

A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each

country regional and sub-regional program The indicators

selected are considered to be significantly better than previous

project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the

project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements

in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience

in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted

in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent

upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions

relative-to labor unions within each country

- 19 -

In examining the objectively verifiable indicators

used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards

goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress

in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of

unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number

and members so covered All eleven include indicators which

would show improvement in the economic position of members

through increased purchasing power of union members improvement

in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In

order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national

level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation

Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public

Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision

Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in

National Decision Making

In summary the currently planned End of Project Status

(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the

following dates

No Countries DATE (FY)

1 78

2 80

2 81

1 87

1 91

1 95 4 97

20

PART III

PROJECT ANALYSIS

A Technical Analysis

This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962

which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in

Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for

the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as

There is no alternate organization in the US which might

replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor

business and government and has developed staff organization

and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out

the Latin American Free Labor Development Program

Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the

carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to

labor education and social development activities throughout

the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other

support activities which have contributed to the existence and

effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of

Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser

The locales are classroomsextent social project development

and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in

only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current

technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program

objectives

21

Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy

country activities in the field will continue generally along

presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis

on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social

projects and a heavy component of participant training

Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program

proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents

(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are

finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the

US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites

Programs also vary in each country from time to time

depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the

part of the host governments and the local labor sector to

US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They

reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor

Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free

Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor

leaders

B bull Financial Analysis and Plan

The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current

year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for

complete details) The largest component of this total consists

of individual country programs which presently total 13

These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program

averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and

- 22 shy

$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate

a permanent in-country office including a resident US

representative The remainder consist of programs primarily

educational seminars and in some cases small social project

programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program

Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses

are in line with other AID contract representatives and could

not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of

allowances required by essentially all US citizens working

abroad

aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of

typical country program could be made only by eliminating the

US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two

reasons

1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its

financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)

which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with

labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country

where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis

to a large number of participants in educational programs who

are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy

ability

2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for

discussions of political matters with the Embassy which

frequently involve the use of classified information

-0 _11

Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a

nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis

However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt

AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in

the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where

designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning

purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that

It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish

that some will drop out but that others will be added so that

the total will remain roughly constant

which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work

to increase the average coat of in-country programs These

include

1 Inflation and

2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams

to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization

rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated

Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)

would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs

hold effects etc) 4444

- + ++ +

MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be

rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4

The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely

Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to

substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng

if + ++ if+ifif if

preussurea boen maintained to increase +

the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi

4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif

and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are

extremely limited in their resources They already contribute

in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM

However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are

reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future

- +

i

umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~

W9Um of tug

aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13

for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8

25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm

to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m

h1thfythgU V

amlo nf UWL mIam

Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000

toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse

toqeutioe sremI the

the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas

alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha

+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite

eeAbleof a mniut smestrat

+ ++++- + ++

- 22D -

Some country programs may drop out but others may be added

or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some

fashion since current staffing levels and administrative

costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated

It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset

the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at

this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response

by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe

the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and

81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time

23

C Social Analaysis

One of the major objectives of the program is to meet

the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life

with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of

economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components

of the labor force In order to realize progress certain

social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the

the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within

the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow

process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program

In many instances trade union organizations provide the

only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation

himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to

an improvement in his social well being The training of

leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly

with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with

small social impact projects provides the means whereby

attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to

the national level

It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity

labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining

economic and social benefits for their members This will be

reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work

and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will

- 24 shy

play in influencing the governments labor legislation and

its economic and social development programs Quantitative

data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained

in the country program matrices (eg membership social

services working conditions public influence governmental

relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases

but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with

any degree of validity

The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working

class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries

the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian

Union Development Services program which not only provides

for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the

development of cooperatives and the health field as well

The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis

participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of

women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal

pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs

During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses

included 16 women students while women students comprised

22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to

further improve this record

-- ---

- 25 -

One of the more important aspects of the program is that

it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a

significant number of low income people an opportunity to

seek improvement in their economic and social condition

through better representation and an opportunity to

participate in decisions affecting their working lives

D Economic Analysis

The nature of the labor develooment program as described

herein involves a mix of political social and economic

considerations and justifications It is difficult to

distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any

particular country at any given time let alone the region

as a whole

From the economic standzoint success in the project will

generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand

signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure

accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r

several of the country matries rcC_r _ns

will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments

but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level

which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable

reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues

payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations

and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the

- 26 shy

program and these too are not reliably reported Additional

amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE

obtained by the unions for their members and others through

collective bargaining but in this case we have the same

problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting

units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion

of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union

leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased

earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the

problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must

be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional

standpoint

- 27 -

PART IV

IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements

1 Recipient

The American Institute for Free Labor Development

(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this

project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the

the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to

the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director

directs the development and implementation of programs and has

responsibility for the overall operation of the organization

The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible

directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies

and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the

Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and

monitor these programs on a continuing basis

Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director

in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD

is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity

of the program in country

The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and

administers the educational activities of the Institute and in

particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the

University Program and for providing technical services to the

- 28 shy

various country education programs The Front Royal Institute

provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably

be offered in individual countries The University Labor

Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified

young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university

level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of

labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the

Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links

the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -

Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American

The Department of Social Projects assists in the development

of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives

community projects and where appropriate housing projects

workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing

the importance of making credit available for local labor

organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a

Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this

field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this

nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in

establishing credit programs for workers)

The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of

Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and

Information Services

- 29 -

AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated

in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It

received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that

time it has received continuing support from AID and has

developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it

to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and

presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry

out the program under consideration

2 AID

Management of the project is centered in the Labor

Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and

Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau

of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through

designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches

or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project

The design and implementation of each of the Country programs

is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department

of State

- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

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DEPARTMENT OF STATE AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

ALLIANCE FOR PROGRESS WASHINGTO D C 20523

Meeting of the

DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE (DAEC)

Friday February_25 1977 - 230 pm

Room 3484 NS

LATIN AMERICAN REGIONAL - Free Labor Development (AIFLD)

DISTRIBUTION ARALA AALA ENSGirard LAOPNS CUyehara

PRomano LAGCJKessler (2)LADRCWeinberg (6)LADPECoy (8) LAMRSD CRGrader ARAANDFDevine (6)ARACARTHeavner (4)LACARWWheeler (3) ARA-LACEN MWeissman (8) ARA JDreyfuss ARA-LAPAN RCamaur ECARZimmerman (4)PPCDPREEHogan (6) PHAPVC JUlinski (2) OLABDGood (3)SERRODLA GDwoskin (2)ARARPP JOGrady

NOTE Annex 1 (Country Matrices) have not been includedwith all copies Copies are available in Room 3254 NS LAMRSDL

PROJECT PAPER

LATIN AMERICA BUREAU

OFFICE OF MULTILATERAL COORDINATION AND REGIONAL SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS

Q February 1977

PART 1 - SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS

A Face Sheet Data

Project Title Free Labor Movement

Project Number 598-0101

Project Officer George W Phillips

Project Duration Contiiuing

Project Funding FY 1977 through FY 1981

B Recommendations Amount Cumulative

Year Type Funding ($000) Total ($000)

FY 77 Grant 5860 5860

FY 78 Grant 5925 11785

FY 79 Grant 6200 17985

FY 80 Grant 6500 24485

FY 81 Grant 6500 30985

C Description of Project

This is a human resources development project to

strengthen free trade union institutions in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is a regional program Activities

are presently carried out through 13 national programs

2 sub-regional (Caribbean and Central American) a regional

Agrarian Union Development program and a regional union-toshy

union program The project seeks to improve free trade

union leadership at all levels through a variety of

educational activities and social projects

Twenty thousand trade unionists annually will partishy

cipate in workshops and seminars in their own countries

Approximately 300 trade union leaders will be trained in

the United States annually at Front Royal Five hundred

will participate in international conferences Small

($5000-$50000) projects such as credit unions worker

housing and consumer cooperatives will be financed to

improve the social and economic conditions of Latin American

working men and women These projects will be financed from

a Regional Revolving Loan Fund ($800000 capital as of

92076) Smaller impact projects under $5000 each will

be financed from funds provided by the AFL-CIO (approximately

$50000 annually) Through research centers data will be

collected on cost of living comparisons of trade union

rights labor codes comparative salaries and benefits in

2

various sectors and the results distributed to interested

labor organizations for use in bargaining and government

relations Through the Agrarian Union Development Services

program AIFLD will strengthen the leadership of campesino

unions and develop institutions such as producer and marketing

cooperatives and community services for participating members

The American Institute for Free Labor Development (AIFLD)

will carry out most of the activities of this project directly

The remainder the union-to-union program will be carried

out under subgrants by AIFLD to International Trade Secretarshy

iats (international labor institutions organized within a

single industry or sector ie teachers textile workers)

There are seven International Trade Secretariats (ITS) with

US affiliates and in turn affiliated with the International

(ICFTU) participating inConfederation of Free Trade Unions

the project (See Annex 2 International Trade Union Organishy

zations)

The labor organizations in Latin America with whom

free democratic trade unions federationsAIFLD works are

and confederations For the purpose of this project free

democratic trade union organizations can be defined as

1 Those which are affiliated directly or indirectly

with the ICFTU its Inter-American Regional

Organization (ORIT) or one or more of its

International Trade Secretariats or

3

2 Independent unions federations or confederations

(not affiliated with the ICFTU the Christian

Democrat World Confederation of Labor (WCL) or

the Communist World Federation of Trade Unions

(WFTU)

Section 601 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 as

amended declares it to be the policy of the United States

to encourage efforts to strengthen free labor unions in less

developed countries It continues to be AID policy to

strengthen the development capabilities of labor unions to

enhance the skills employment opportunities productivity

freedom and welfare of working men and women In accordance

with AID Policy as defined in a Determination Paper signed

May 2 1973 former Administrator Hannah stated that

Economic growth is not the end purpose of development

but rather is one of the means for attaining developshy

ment objectives A major such objective is to meet

the aspirations of workers and their families for a

better life with dignity and freedom and to help

spread the benefits of economic progress among the wage

and salary components of the labor force In providing

development assistance AID should encourage the developshy

ment of strong independent responsible and democratic

organizations of workers which can engage in collective

4

bargaining and perform other useful functions in the

improvement of the economic and social life of their

members

The Policy paper further states Free and responsible

labor unions enjoying the right to engage in collective

bargaining can have an important role in the process of

modernization and the social and economic development of

the less developed countries For example by acting as

forums for the etchange of information and instruments for

attitudinal change on vLtal development issues such as

bringing to the fore difficult questions of social welfare

and equitable distribution of income seeking to improve the

conditions under which the commitment of labor to industry

takes place and helping advance population and family

planning goals labor unions may strengthen the forces in

a society which are impelling it to modernize

D Summary Findings

This project is consistent with the Foreign Assistance

Act of 1961 as amended and meets the criteria of Section

601 22 USC 2351 to foster private initiative and

competition to encourage the development and use of

cooperatives credit unions and savings and loan associations

to discourage monopolistic practices to improve the technical

efficiency of their industry agriculture and commerce and

5

to strengthen free labor unions In addition this

project is in concert with the Congressional Mandate of

1973 Sections 103 105 106 and 107 which call on AID

to provide basic services to poor people enhancing

their capacity for self-help to increase manpower

training in skills related to development to help

solve economic and social development problems in fields

such as transportation power industry urban development

and export development Congress support of a subshy

stantial role in foreign aid through US private organizshy

ations is well known and is repeated in miny of the Congressional

reports The House Foreign Affairs Committee wrote the Agency

would be expected to work closely with those (private) US

institutions and groups which already have ties established

in the recipient countries The people-to-people

institution-to-institution relationship between Americans

working in development and their equivalent organized groups

in the developing countries is a valuable concept

The project meets all applicable statutory criteria

E Project Issues

1 Is it in the best interest of the US Government

and the AID in particular to propose a five-year program

with AIFLD as this Project Paper proposes to do Are there

other options that the USG should consider

2 What are the prospects for AIFLD country programs being

continued in the region as more and more of the bilateral

6

AID programs are phased out

3 Might it be better to have AIFLD continue the

educational phase of the program and have social developshy

ment programs (health cooperatives etc) funded through

the Operational Program Grants

4 Rather than depend on a US-based private

organization operating primarily through bilateral programs

might it not be better to emphasize regional programs through

regional labor groups such as ORIT or the ITSs

5 Is it appropriate to support AIFLD programs in the

campesino sector

6 Is the balance between administrative and program

cost appropriate

7

PART II

A Background

This project is a follow-on effort to a project begun in

1962 From 1962 to FY 1973 labor programs in Latin American

countries were managed and funded by the USAIDs while US

training and AIFLD headquarters support operations were

managed and funded by AIDW

In FY 1973 all free labor development activities in the

region both US and in-country were combined into one

regional project The project is managed and funded by the

LA Bureau but maintains Country Team involvement in project

design analysis monitoring and evaluation

A comprehensive study of United States Labor Programs in

Latin America was conducted in 1975 by consultants Robert

Alexander and Henry Hammond Dr Alexander a university

professor is a recognized authority on Latin American organized

labor Henry Hammond is a retired Foreign Service Officer with

long experience as a Labor Attache in Latin America

The purpose of the study was to examine labor programs in

light of the significant political economic and social changes

which have occurred in Latin America since 1962 the beginning

of the Alliance for Progress The consultantsreport concluded

among other things

8

1 Aid to free trade unions or those aspiring to

be free conforms to the beliefs which hopefully are shared

by the great majority of our fellow citizens and support the

policy of our government These include a democratic

pluralistic society of relative equality of wealth of power of

social status (The United States Government is not alone in

supporting programs among others are the governments of West

Germany Sweden Netherlands and Great Britain as well as the

Soviet Union)

2 In certain Latin American countries problems may

arise in conducting labor programs due to local abuse of

traditional labor law or limitation on the right to strike

bargain collectively etc In such cases the role of AIFLD may

be

a To support those elementz in the labor

movement which under existing conditions are trying to maintain

something approaching a free labor movement or

b To train younger and 1cwer ranking labor

leaders so that when conditions improve they can renew

collective bargaining and the functiooning of trade union

democracy

3 Whether or not a labor program should be

maintained in a country which represses the free trade union

movement has to be the result of a Ualanced assessment of what

is to be gained and what is to be lost given the particular

c~rcumtances

~-~--- With WbtAWet IN~

represents at this tie the best IWutMxt to SZUy tie

AofWUnited ItprinoI~pa 9de

Latin AMexica Ibct aUM

9 Detailed 0escromL

The Latin Ameicn Mteebt LeR vpni

eseially a cnuiat aon -a rtelow baLSof IM m1 eS bestblihedin 142 with th eia ttate ftw rm

by us Labort PrtvaWte Mpts adi MS Vole OVWUSS AS

the present tise k=W Country SUaShesS are optatwu Iamp Is

L4 countries Zn the mS advanced tntiW hSIUU8 a$

traininq 40 perons per cycle an a mLdestia basts hir Le

to seven cycles Per yea at Tronst ToLVa i a speeI

moris is tiatnm 11-20 pet~aup 1wS LeUniversity amo wsimwashtngton through a mnsotim of ft

AZD has been tbe PuLIaPaL OOM Of tedS duttW U5 Pee

funia period and anears WL~y to tesl est at Ieasth

the near ftues The AZP ammil obuggtt sampe 6 f

$56 milon atae fT 103 reagia ftm aM 5ffOLWaU S iamp

173 toa lo ofV$1fliLUwi La 2f4s IS Iss rum~ ow

-n~i~ pc m ba bes bmb m ashy

omisendatUss of OfJaiLi Pa

A- shy

IV

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304

--4 S

4 ove soialoia n r

5 Increased labor influence on national

Vol Increased membership paric pation jiIn r

attabs of natlon4 labor organixationsp local unions and

a lasS SMmp ons of Goal Achievements Goal aches twl3 depend not only on the direct impact and

ofWtheW prjctipusbu h4940i Uv ls n economic- shy

and poUtal ollmste of each program country It is assumed Men W UaLptinq countries the development of democraticthe

Maittia (udnios) imoreases the probability of a more eSsitabl d1trLbution of wealth and a stronger labor movement AUL eune nore Luesco on the political economic and social

de~epetproe It is further aemmed that such peeiat willMaLU11w untos to operate indepefdently and

eame the 1vegmmets wr Political parties will ffectively wuvs or U6h0it Mo 1e4e Pmt of dementi~a unions nor

News

a minauth et w~ey o e

aiv~ko ~ ~ tk~

12

educational programs to heighten the effectiveness of labor

leadership and administration at all levels Other types of

assistance will include fostering social projects related to

labor organizations (eg credit unions consumer cooperatives

clinics community development etc) Another aspect of this

project is to strengthen communication and collaboration

between the free labor organizations of the various countries

and between them and the principal appropriate international

labor organizations-- the Inter-American Regional Organization

of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (ITS)

as well as the AFL-CIO itself Such associations will complement

other measures to enhance the stature of Latin American labor

organizations and to assist their progress toward free democratic

and responsible unionism

b Conditions Expected at End of Project (Targets)For each participating country

one (or more) national democratic labor confederation that has

competent leadership and adequate staff has an adequate operating

budget is financially self-sufficient provides a series of

services to its affiliates is located in its own national headshy

quarters periodically publishes a newspaper or newsletter is

governed in a democratic manner and is affiliated with and pays

dues to ORIT Targets for each country or sub-regional program

as well as growth in labor union membership income from dues

union financial strength and the number quality and coverage

of collective agreements are specified in the attached country

13

matrices (Annex one (1))

It should be clearly borne in mind however that attempts to measure such quantitative changes are difficult because available country data are often not available or reliable

Further growth may be stopped or even reversed at times because of unforeseen political factors which negate the best efforts of the contractor Therefore the EOPS targets as indicated in the attached country matrices vary considerably and may have to be changed from time to time In certain cases EOPS of longer than five years are indicated in other cases it has proved impossible to identify an EOPS date which appears realistic to all parties including the CT and AIDW Accordingly for overall purposes of the regional Project Paper five year approval of the regional labor program is requested in order to cover all AIFLD programs anticipated to be in operation during

the period FY 1977-1981

Hopefully a significant portion of the in-country activities of the project (eg operation of national training programs and social projects) will have been taken over by LA countries or international labor organizations by the time of final termination of AID funding to this project In some cases this may depend upon an increase in the income and staff of the principal appropriate international labor organizations--the

Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (=TS) so that they could

14

supplement the capacity of the less-developed labor movements

The same could also be said of the relationship between

stronger and weaker labor organizations within each country

Consequently a strengthening of ties (through increased

affiliations and dues contributions) between labor organizations

both nationally and internationally will be an important

condition precedent to the end of the AID-financed project

c Basic Assumptions The basic assumption

concerning design-of this project is that workers in the other

countries of the region can best be helped to achieve the goal

by an organization closely related to the labor movement in the

United States This assumption proceeds from matters of

feelings of fraternal solidaritytechnical expertise as well as

and was the underlying reason for making the American Institute

for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) the chosen instrument of

AID for this project Another important assumption is that

the governments of the several countries will continue to permit

AIFLD to operate within their jurisdictions and will honor

their international commitments favoring free labor organizations

3 Project Outputs

a Training courses will be given in the various

Latin American countries dealing with fundamental labor union

themes such as labor law and practice social security law and

practice collective bargaining and grievance procedures

parliamentary procedure and public speaking history of the

15

international labor union movement social theory labor union

accounting communications and public relations Such

courses are given at basic intermediate and specialized levels

Special courses are provided for agrarian rural workers

(compesinos) teachers and for members of cooperatives associated

with labor unions

Two hundred graduates of local courses come to the United

States annually for advanced training at the AIFLD center

at Front Royal Virginia Examples of such courses include

Techniques of Organizing

The role of Trade Union Women in Economic Development

Labor Relations amp Collective Bargaining

Collective Bargaining amp Research

Collective Bargaining amp Trade Union Rights

Adjustment to Automation

A specially selected group of 15-20 participants annually US

receives a specialuniversity level curriculum These partshy

icipants are elected or appointed union officials who are

currently at the policy making level This training is conshy

ducted in Spanish in the Washington DC area by professors

from the Consortium of DC area universities The courses

include subjects such as Survey of Basic Economics International

Relations Industrial Sociology Survey of Contemporary Latin

16

America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and

Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political

Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor

Relations in Latin America and individual research projects

AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali

Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists

to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD

provides technical assistance in management of credit unions

and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type

of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances

the prestige and attraction of free labor unions

b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed

in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic

intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services

for their members and organizational units established (education

social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for

local programs

c Important Output Assumptions

1 The ability of union leaders to

negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies

more effective union management based on AIFLD education of

union leadership

17

2 Union members will devote free time at

night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers

will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy

time courses

3 Trained instructors will be available to

conduct education programs

4 Project Inputs

a Kinds of Inputs

US Government

1 Funds for program and administrative

expenses

Logistic support (motor pool furniture2

duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the

country and EmbassyUSAID policy

Other Donors

1 Local logistic support (use of free

classroom space and instructors)

Funds for special project activities2

(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)

AIFLD private funds for special projects3

4 ITS private funds for shared staff and

program costs

5 Local funds for lost-time payments to

somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in

cases

18

US Government

Estimated costs of the program to the US

Government over the project period have been estimated on the

basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by

country and by time period the totals reveal an order of

magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows

1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ

60 52 44 55 14

The largest single element is comprised of

country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy

to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include

advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support

($15)

5 Analyses of Country Matrices

A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each

country regional and sub-regional program The indicators

selected are considered to be significantly better than previous

project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the

project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements

in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience

in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted

in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent

upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions

relative-to labor unions within each country

- 19 -

In examining the objectively verifiable indicators

used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards

goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress

in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of

unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number

and members so covered All eleven include indicators which

would show improvement in the economic position of members

through increased purchasing power of union members improvement

in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In

order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national

level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation

Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public

Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision

Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in

National Decision Making

In summary the currently planned End of Project Status

(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the

following dates

No Countries DATE (FY)

1 78

2 80

2 81

1 87

1 91

1 95 4 97

20

PART III

PROJECT ANALYSIS

A Technical Analysis

This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962

which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in

Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for

the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as

There is no alternate organization in the US which might

replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor

business and government and has developed staff organization

and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out

the Latin American Free Labor Development Program

Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the

carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to

labor education and social development activities throughout

the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other

support activities which have contributed to the existence and

effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of

Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser

The locales are classroomsextent social project development

and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in

only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current

technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program

objectives

21

Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy

country activities in the field will continue generally along

presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis

on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social

projects and a heavy component of participant training

Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program

proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents

(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are

finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the

US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites

Programs also vary in each country from time to time

depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the

part of the host governments and the local labor sector to

US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They

reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor

Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free

Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor

leaders

B bull Financial Analysis and Plan

The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current

year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for

complete details) The largest component of this total consists

of individual country programs which presently total 13

These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program

averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and

- 22 shy

$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate

a permanent in-country office including a resident US

representative The remainder consist of programs primarily

educational seminars and in some cases small social project

programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program

Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses

are in line with other AID contract representatives and could

not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of

allowances required by essentially all US citizens working

abroad

aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of

typical country program could be made only by eliminating the

US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two

reasons

1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its

financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)

which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with

labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country

where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis

to a large number of participants in educational programs who

are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy

ability

2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for

discussions of political matters with the Embassy which

frequently involve the use of classified information

-0 _11

Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a

nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis

However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt

AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in

the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where

designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning

purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that

It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish

that some will drop out but that others will be added so that

the total will remain roughly constant

which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work

to increase the average coat of in-country programs These

include

1 Inflation and

2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams

to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization

rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated

Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)

would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs

hold effects etc) 4444

- + ++ +

MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be

rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4

The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely

Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to

substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng

if + ++ if+ifif if

preussurea boen maintained to increase +

the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi

4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif

and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are

extremely limited in their resources They already contribute

in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM

However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are

reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future

- +

i

umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~

W9Um of tug

aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13

for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8

25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm

to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m

h1thfythgU V

amlo nf UWL mIam

Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000

toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse

toqeutioe sremI the

the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas

alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha

+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite

eeAbleof a mniut smestrat

+ ++++- + ++

- 22D -

Some country programs may drop out but others may be added

or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some

fashion since current staffing levels and administrative

costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated

It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset

the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at

this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response

by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe

the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and

81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time

23

C Social Analaysis

One of the major objectives of the program is to meet

the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life

with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of

economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components

of the labor force In order to realize progress certain

social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the

the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within

the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow

process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program

In many instances trade union organizations provide the

only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation

himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to

an improvement in his social well being The training of

leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly

with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with

small social impact projects provides the means whereby

attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to

the national level

It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity

labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining

economic and social benefits for their members This will be

reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work

and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will

- 24 shy

play in influencing the governments labor legislation and

its economic and social development programs Quantitative

data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained

in the country program matrices (eg membership social

services working conditions public influence governmental

relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases

but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with

any degree of validity

The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working

class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries

the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian

Union Development Services program which not only provides

for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the

development of cooperatives and the health field as well

The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis

participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of

women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal

pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs

During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses

included 16 women students while women students comprised

22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to

further improve this record

-- ---

- 25 -

One of the more important aspects of the program is that

it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a

significant number of low income people an opportunity to

seek improvement in their economic and social condition

through better representation and an opportunity to

participate in decisions affecting their working lives

D Economic Analysis

The nature of the labor develooment program as described

herein involves a mix of political social and economic

considerations and justifications It is difficult to

distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any

particular country at any given time let alone the region

as a whole

From the economic standzoint success in the project will

generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand

signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure

accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r

several of the country matries rcC_r _ns

will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments

but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level

which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable

reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues

payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations

and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the

- 26 shy

program and these too are not reliably reported Additional

amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE

obtained by the unions for their members and others through

collective bargaining but in this case we have the same

problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting

units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion

of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union

leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased

earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the

problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must

be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional

standpoint

- 27 -

PART IV

IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements

1 Recipient

The American Institute for Free Labor Development

(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this

project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the

the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to

the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director

directs the development and implementation of programs and has

responsibility for the overall operation of the organization

The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible

directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies

and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the

Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and

monitor these programs on a continuing basis

Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director

in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD

is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity

of the program in country

The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and

administers the educational activities of the Institute and in

particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the

University Program and for providing technical services to the

- 28 shy

various country education programs The Front Royal Institute

provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably

be offered in individual countries The University Labor

Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified

young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university

level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of

labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the

Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links

the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -

Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American

The Department of Social Projects assists in the development

of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives

community projects and where appropriate housing projects

workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing

the importance of making credit available for local labor

organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a

Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this

field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this

nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in

establishing credit programs for workers)

The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of

Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and

Information Services

- 29 -

AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated

in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It

received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that

time it has received continuing support from AID and has

developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it

to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and

presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry

out the program under consideration

2 AID

Management of the project is centered in the Labor

Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and

Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau

of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through

designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches

or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project

The design and implementation of each of the Country programs

is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department

of State

- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

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PROJECT PAPER

LATIN AMERICA BUREAU

OFFICE OF MULTILATERAL COORDINATION AND REGIONAL SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS

Q February 1977

PART 1 - SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS

A Face Sheet Data

Project Title Free Labor Movement

Project Number 598-0101

Project Officer George W Phillips

Project Duration Contiiuing

Project Funding FY 1977 through FY 1981

B Recommendations Amount Cumulative

Year Type Funding ($000) Total ($000)

FY 77 Grant 5860 5860

FY 78 Grant 5925 11785

FY 79 Grant 6200 17985

FY 80 Grant 6500 24485

FY 81 Grant 6500 30985

C Description of Project

This is a human resources development project to

strengthen free trade union institutions in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is a regional program Activities

are presently carried out through 13 national programs

2 sub-regional (Caribbean and Central American) a regional

Agrarian Union Development program and a regional union-toshy

union program The project seeks to improve free trade

union leadership at all levels through a variety of

educational activities and social projects

Twenty thousand trade unionists annually will partishy

cipate in workshops and seminars in their own countries

Approximately 300 trade union leaders will be trained in

the United States annually at Front Royal Five hundred

will participate in international conferences Small

($5000-$50000) projects such as credit unions worker

housing and consumer cooperatives will be financed to

improve the social and economic conditions of Latin American

working men and women These projects will be financed from

a Regional Revolving Loan Fund ($800000 capital as of

92076) Smaller impact projects under $5000 each will

be financed from funds provided by the AFL-CIO (approximately

$50000 annually) Through research centers data will be

collected on cost of living comparisons of trade union

rights labor codes comparative salaries and benefits in

2

various sectors and the results distributed to interested

labor organizations for use in bargaining and government

relations Through the Agrarian Union Development Services

program AIFLD will strengthen the leadership of campesino

unions and develop institutions such as producer and marketing

cooperatives and community services for participating members

The American Institute for Free Labor Development (AIFLD)

will carry out most of the activities of this project directly

The remainder the union-to-union program will be carried

out under subgrants by AIFLD to International Trade Secretarshy

iats (international labor institutions organized within a

single industry or sector ie teachers textile workers)

There are seven International Trade Secretariats (ITS) with

US affiliates and in turn affiliated with the International

(ICFTU) participating inConfederation of Free Trade Unions

the project (See Annex 2 International Trade Union Organishy

zations)

The labor organizations in Latin America with whom

free democratic trade unions federationsAIFLD works are

and confederations For the purpose of this project free

democratic trade union organizations can be defined as

1 Those which are affiliated directly or indirectly

with the ICFTU its Inter-American Regional

Organization (ORIT) or one or more of its

International Trade Secretariats or

3

2 Independent unions federations or confederations

(not affiliated with the ICFTU the Christian

Democrat World Confederation of Labor (WCL) or

the Communist World Federation of Trade Unions

(WFTU)

Section 601 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 as

amended declares it to be the policy of the United States

to encourage efforts to strengthen free labor unions in less

developed countries It continues to be AID policy to

strengthen the development capabilities of labor unions to

enhance the skills employment opportunities productivity

freedom and welfare of working men and women In accordance

with AID Policy as defined in a Determination Paper signed

May 2 1973 former Administrator Hannah stated that

Economic growth is not the end purpose of development

but rather is one of the means for attaining developshy

ment objectives A major such objective is to meet

the aspirations of workers and their families for a

better life with dignity and freedom and to help

spread the benefits of economic progress among the wage

and salary components of the labor force In providing

development assistance AID should encourage the developshy

ment of strong independent responsible and democratic

organizations of workers which can engage in collective

4

bargaining and perform other useful functions in the

improvement of the economic and social life of their

members

The Policy paper further states Free and responsible

labor unions enjoying the right to engage in collective

bargaining can have an important role in the process of

modernization and the social and economic development of

the less developed countries For example by acting as

forums for the etchange of information and instruments for

attitudinal change on vLtal development issues such as

bringing to the fore difficult questions of social welfare

and equitable distribution of income seeking to improve the

conditions under which the commitment of labor to industry

takes place and helping advance population and family

planning goals labor unions may strengthen the forces in

a society which are impelling it to modernize

D Summary Findings

This project is consistent with the Foreign Assistance

Act of 1961 as amended and meets the criteria of Section

601 22 USC 2351 to foster private initiative and

competition to encourage the development and use of

cooperatives credit unions and savings and loan associations

to discourage monopolistic practices to improve the technical

efficiency of their industry agriculture and commerce and

5

to strengthen free labor unions In addition this

project is in concert with the Congressional Mandate of

1973 Sections 103 105 106 and 107 which call on AID

to provide basic services to poor people enhancing

their capacity for self-help to increase manpower

training in skills related to development to help

solve economic and social development problems in fields

such as transportation power industry urban development

and export development Congress support of a subshy

stantial role in foreign aid through US private organizshy

ations is well known and is repeated in miny of the Congressional

reports The House Foreign Affairs Committee wrote the Agency

would be expected to work closely with those (private) US

institutions and groups which already have ties established

in the recipient countries The people-to-people

institution-to-institution relationship between Americans

working in development and their equivalent organized groups

in the developing countries is a valuable concept

The project meets all applicable statutory criteria

E Project Issues

1 Is it in the best interest of the US Government

and the AID in particular to propose a five-year program

with AIFLD as this Project Paper proposes to do Are there

other options that the USG should consider

2 What are the prospects for AIFLD country programs being

continued in the region as more and more of the bilateral

6

AID programs are phased out

3 Might it be better to have AIFLD continue the

educational phase of the program and have social developshy

ment programs (health cooperatives etc) funded through

the Operational Program Grants

4 Rather than depend on a US-based private

organization operating primarily through bilateral programs

might it not be better to emphasize regional programs through

regional labor groups such as ORIT or the ITSs

5 Is it appropriate to support AIFLD programs in the

campesino sector

6 Is the balance between administrative and program

cost appropriate

7

PART II

A Background

This project is a follow-on effort to a project begun in

1962 From 1962 to FY 1973 labor programs in Latin American

countries were managed and funded by the USAIDs while US

training and AIFLD headquarters support operations were

managed and funded by AIDW

In FY 1973 all free labor development activities in the

region both US and in-country were combined into one

regional project The project is managed and funded by the

LA Bureau but maintains Country Team involvement in project

design analysis monitoring and evaluation

A comprehensive study of United States Labor Programs in

Latin America was conducted in 1975 by consultants Robert

Alexander and Henry Hammond Dr Alexander a university

professor is a recognized authority on Latin American organized

labor Henry Hammond is a retired Foreign Service Officer with

long experience as a Labor Attache in Latin America

The purpose of the study was to examine labor programs in

light of the significant political economic and social changes

which have occurred in Latin America since 1962 the beginning

of the Alliance for Progress The consultantsreport concluded

among other things

8

1 Aid to free trade unions or those aspiring to

be free conforms to the beliefs which hopefully are shared

by the great majority of our fellow citizens and support the

policy of our government These include a democratic

pluralistic society of relative equality of wealth of power of

social status (The United States Government is not alone in

supporting programs among others are the governments of West

Germany Sweden Netherlands and Great Britain as well as the

Soviet Union)

2 In certain Latin American countries problems may

arise in conducting labor programs due to local abuse of

traditional labor law or limitation on the right to strike

bargain collectively etc In such cases the role of AIFLD may

be

a To support those elementz in the labor

movement which under existing conditions are trying to maintain

something approaching a free labor movement or

b To train younger and 1cwer ranking labor

leaders so that when conditions improve they can renew

collective bargaining and the functiooning of trade union

democracy

3 Whether or not a labor program should be

maintained in a country which represses the free trade union

movement has to be the result of a Ualanced assessment of what

is to be gained and what is to be lost given the particular

c~rcumtances

~-~--- With WbtAWet IN~

represents at this tie the best IWutMxt to SZUy tie

AofWUnited ItprinoI~pa 9de

Latin AMexica Ibct aUM

9 Detailed 0escromL

The Latin Ameicn Mteebt LeR vpni

eseially a cnuiat aon -a rtelow baLSof IM m1 eS bestblihedin 142 with th eia ttate ftw rm

by us Labort PrtvaWte Mpts adi MS Vole OVWUSS AS

the present tise k=W Country SUaShesS are optatwu Iamp Is

L4 countries Zn the mS advanced tntiW hSIUU8 a$

traininq 40 perons per cycle an a mLdestia basts hir Le

to seven cycles Per yea at Tronst ToLVa i a speeI

moris is tiatnm 11-20 pet~aup 1wS LeUniversity amo wsimwashtngton through a mnsotim of ft

AZD has been tbe PuLIaPaL OOM Of tedS duttW U5 Pee

funia period and anears WL~y to tesl est at Ieasth

the near ftues The AZP ammil obuggtt sampe 6 f

$56 milon atae fT 103 reagia ftm aM 5ffOLWaU S iamp

173 toa lo ofV$1fliLUwi La 2f4s IS Iss rum~ ow

-n~i~ pc m ba bes bmb m ashy

omisendatUss of OfJaiLi Pa

A- shy

IV

subamlow~aa nal tatilo owbekieoo MgAm=uwAMvqomm4p

is~N Oleeuaas subampims Uw Pt

Mo asM1=0SMall mn 9 0

0w imf awtmLauli aatt

off foam umJAnwLfimiea

NoUw aMwFmpose toam senil

AilimaWaewomm asAhii

304

--4 S

4 ove soialoia n r

5 Increased labor influence on national

Vol Increased membership paric pation jiIn r

attabs of natlon4 labor organixationsp local unions and

a lasS SMmp ons of Goal Achievements Goal aches twl3 depend not only on the direct impact and

ofWtheW prjctipusbu h4940i Uv ls n economic- shy

and poUtal ollmste of each program country It is assumed Men W UaLptinq countries the development of democraticthe

Maittia (udnios) imoreases the probability of a more eSsitabl d1trLbution of wealth and a stronger labor movement AUL eune nore Luesco on the political economic and social

de~epetproe It is further aemmed that such peeiat willMaLU11w untos to operate indepefdently and

eame the 1vegmmets wr Political parties will ffectively wuvs or U6h0it Mo 1e4e Pmt of dementi~a unions nor

News

a minauth et w~ey o e

aiv~ko ~ ~ tk~

12

educational programs to heighten the effectiveness of labor

leadership and administration at all levels Other types of

assistance will include fostering social projects related to

labor organizations (eg credit unions consumer cooperatives

clinics community development etc) Another aspect of this

project is to strengthen communication and collaboration

between the free labor organizations of the various countries

and between them and the principal appropriate international

labor organizations-- the Inter-American Regional Organization

of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (ITS)

as well as the AFL-CIO itself Such associations will complement

other measures to enhance the stature of Latin American labor

organizations and to assist their progress toward free democratic

and responsible unionism

b Conditions Expected at End of Project (Targets)For each participating country

one (or more) national democratic labor confederation that has

competent leadership and adequate staff has an adequate operating

budget is financially self-sufficient provides a series of

services to its affiliates is located in its own national headshy

quarters periodically publishes a newspaper or newsletter is

governed in a democratic manner and is affiliated with and pays

dues to ORIT Targets for each country or sub-regional program

as well as growth in labor union membership income from dues

union financial strength and the number quality and coverage

of collective agreements are specified in the attached country

13

matrices (Annex one (1))

It should be clearly borne in mind however that attempts to measure such quantitative changes are difficult because available country data are often not available or reliable

Further growth may be stopped or even reversed at times because of unforeseen political factors which negate the best efforts of the contractor Therefore the EOPS targets as indicated in the attached country matrices vary considerably and may have to be changed from time to time In certain cases EOPS of longer than five years are indicated in other cases it has proved impossible to identify an EOPS date which appears realistic to all parties including the CT and AIDW Accordingly for overall purposes of the regional Project Paper five year approval of the regional labor program is requested in order to cover all AIFLD programs anticipated to be in operation during

the period FY 1977-1981

Hopefully a significant portion of the in-country activities of the project (eg operation of national training programs and social projects) will have been taken over by LA countries or international labor organizations by the time of final termination of AID funding to this project In some cases this may depend upon an increase in the income and staff of the principal appropriate international labor organizations--the

Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (=TS) so that they could

14

supplement the capacity of the less-developed labor movements

The same could also be said of the relationship between

stronger and weaker labor organizations within each country

Consequently a strengthening of ties (through increased

affiliations and dues contributions) between labor organizations

both nationally and internationally will be an important

condition precedent to the end of the AID-financed project

c Basic Assumptions The basic assumption

concerning design-of this project is that workers in the other

countries of the region can best be helped to achieve the goal

by an organization closely related to the labor movement in the

United States This assumption proceeds from matters of

feelings of fraternal solidaritytechnical expertise as well as

and was the underlying reason for making the American Institute

for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) the chosen instrument of

AID for this project Another important assumption is that

the governments of the several countries will continue to permit

AIFLD to operate within their jurisdictions and will honor

their international commitments favoring free labor organizations

3 Project Outputs

a Training courses will be given in the various

Latin American countries dealing with fundamental labor union

themes such as labor law and practice social security law and

practice collective bargaining and grievance procedures

parliamentary procedure and public speaking history of the

15

international labor union movement social theory labor union

accounting communications and public relations Such

courses are given at basic intermediate and specialized levels

Special courses are provided for agrarian rural workers

(compesinos) teachers and for members of cooperatives associated

with labor unions

Two hundred graduates of local courses come to the United

States annually for advanced training at the AIFLD center

at Front Royal Virginia Examples of such courses include

Techniques of Organizing

The role of Trade Union Women in Economic Development

Labor Relations amp Collective Bargaining

Collective Bargaining amp Research

Collective Bargaining amp Trade Union Rights

Adjustment to Automation

A specially selected group of 15-20 participants annually US

receives a specialuniversity level curriculum These partshy

icipants are elected or appointed union officials who are

currently at the policy making level This training is conshy

ducted in Spanish in the Washington DC area by professors

from the Consortium of DC area universities The courses

include subjects such as Survey of Basic Economics International

Relations Industrial Sociology Survey of Contemporary Latin

16

America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and

Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political

Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor

Relations in Latin America and individual research projects

AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali

Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists

to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD

provides technical assistance in management of credit unions

and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type

of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances

the prestige and attraction of free labor unions

b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed

in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic

intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services

for their members and organizational units established (education

social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for

local programs

c Important Output Assumptions

1 The ability of union leaders to

negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies

more effective union management based on AIFLD education of

union leadership

17

2 Union members will devote free time at

night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers

will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy

time courses

3 Trained instructors will be available to

conduct education programs

4 Project Inputs

a Kinds of Inputs

US Government

1 Funds for program and administrative

expenses

Logistic support (motor pool furniture2

duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the

country and EmbassyUSAID policy

Other Donors

1 Local logistic support (use of free

classroom space and instructors)

Funds for special project activities2

(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)

AIFLD private funds for special projects3

4 ITS private funds for shared staff and

program costs

5 Local funds for lost-time payments to

somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in

cases

18

US Government

Estimated costs of the program to the US

Government over the project period have been estimated on the

basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by

country and by time period the totals reveal an order of

magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows

1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ

60 52 44 55 14

The largest single element is comprised of

country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy

to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include

advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support

($15)

5 Analyses of Country Matrices

A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each

country regional and sub-regional program The indicators

selected are considered to be significantly better than previous

project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the

project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements

in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience

in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted

in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent

upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions

relative-to labor unions within each country

- 19 -

In examining the objectively verifiable indicators

used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards

goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress

in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of

unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number

and members so covered All eleven include indicators which

would show improvement in the economic position of members

through increased purchasing power of union members improvement

in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In

order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national

level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation

Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public

Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision

Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in

National Decision Making

In summary the currently planned End of Project Status

(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the

following dates

No Countries DATE (FY)

1 78

2 80

2 81

1 87

1 91

1 95 4 97

20

PART III

PROJECT ANALYSIS

A Technical Analysis

This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962

which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in

Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for

the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as

There is no alternate organization in the US which might

replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor

business and government and has developed staff organization

and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out

the Latin American Free Labor Development Program

Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the

carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to

labor education and social development activities throughout

the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other

support activities which have contributed to the existence and

effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of

Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser

The locales are classroomsextent social project development

and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in

only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current

technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program

objectives

21

Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy

country activities in the field will continue generally along

presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis

on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social

projects and a heavy component of participant training

Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program

proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents

(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are

finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the

US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites

Programs also vary in each country from time to time

depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the

part of the host governments and the local labor sector to

US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They

reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor

Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free

Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor

leaders

B bull Financial Analysis and Plan

The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current

year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for

complete details) The largest component of this total consists

of individual country programs which presently total 13

These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program

averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and

- 22 shy

$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate

a permanent in-country office including a resident US

representative The remainder consist of programs primarily

educational seminars and in some cases small social project

programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program

Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses

are in line with other AID contract representatives and could

not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of

allowances required by essentially all US citizens working

abroad

aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of

typical country program could be made only by eliminating the

US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two

reasons

1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its

financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)

which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with

labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country

where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis

to a large number of participants in educational programs who

are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy

ability

2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for

discussions of political matters with the Embassy which

frequently involve the use of classified information

-0 _11

Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a

nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis

However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt

AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in

the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where

designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning

purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that

It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish

that some will drop out but that others will be added so that

the total will remain roughly constant

which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work

to increase the average coat of in-country programs These

include

1 Inflation and

2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams

to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization

rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated

Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)

would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs

hold effects etc) 4444

- + ++ +

MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be

rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4

The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely

Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to

substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng

if + ++ if+ifif if

preussurea boen maintained to increase +

the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi

4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif

and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are

extremely limited in their resources They already contribute

in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM

However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are

reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future

- +

i

umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~

W9Um of tug

aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13

for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8

25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm

to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m

h1thfythgU V

amlo nf UWL mIam

Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000

toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse

toqeutioe sremI the

the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas

alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha

+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite

eeAbleof a mniut smestrat

+ ++++- + ++

- 22D -

Some country programs may drop out but others may be added

or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some

fashion since current staffing levels and administrative

costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated

It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset

the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at

this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response

by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe

the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and

81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time

23

C Social Analaysis

One of the major objectives of the program is to meet

the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life

with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of

economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components

of the labor force In order to realize progress certain

social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the

the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within

the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow

process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program

In many instances trade union organizations provide the

only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation

himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to

an improvement in his social well being The training of

leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly

with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with

small social impact projects provides the means whereby

attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to

the national level

It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity

labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining

economic and social benefits for their members This will be

reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work

and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will

- 24 shy

play in influencing the governments labor legislation and

its economic and social development programs Quantitative

data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained

in the country program matrices (eg membership social

services working conditions public influence governmental

relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases

but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with

any degree of validity

The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working

class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries

the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian

Union Development Services program which not only provides

for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the

development of cooperatives and the health field as well

The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis

participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of

women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal

pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs

During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses

included 16 women students while women students comprised

22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to

further improve this record

-- ---

- 25 -

One of the more important aspects of the program is that

it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a

significant number of low income people an opportunity to

seek improvement in their economic and social condition

through better representation and an opportunity to

participate in decisions affecting their working lives

D Economic Analysis

The nature of the labor develooment program as described

herein involves a mix of political social and economic

considerations and justifications It is difficult to

distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any

particular country at any given time let alone the region

as a whole

From the economic standzoint success in the project will

generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand

signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure

accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r

several of the country matries rcC_r _ns

will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments

but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level

which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable

reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues

payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations

and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the

- 26 shy

program and these too are not reliably reported Additional

amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE

obtained by the unions for their members and others through

collective bargaining but in this case we have the same

problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting

units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion

of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union

leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased

earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the

problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must

be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional

standpoint

- 27 -

PART IV

IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements

1 Recipient

The American Institute for Free Labor Development

(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this

project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the

the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to

the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director

directs the development and implementation of programs and has

responsibility for the overall operation of the organization

The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible

directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies

and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the

Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and

monitor these programs on a continuing basis

Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director

in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD

is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity

of the program in country

The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and

administers the educational activities of the Institute and in

particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the

University Program and for providing technical services to the

- 28 shy

various country education programs The Front Royal Institute

provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably

be offered in individual countries The University Labor

Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified

young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university

level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of

labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the

Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links

the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -

Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American

The Department of Social Projects assists in the development

of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives

community projects and where appropriate housing projects

workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing

the importance of making credit available for local labor

organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a

Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this

field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this

nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in

establishing credit programs for workers)

The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of

Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and

Information Services

- 29 -

AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated

in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It

received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that

time it has received continuing support from AID and has

developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it

to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and

presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry

out the program under consideration

2 AID

Management of the project is centered in the Labor

Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and

Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau

of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through

designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches

or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project

The design and implementation of each of the Country programs

is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department

of State

- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

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C Description of Project

This is a human resources development project to

strengthen free trade union institutions in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is a regional program Activities

are presently carried out through 13 national programs

2 sub-regional (Caribbean and Central American) a regional

Agrarian Union Development program and a regional union-toshy

union program The project seeks to improve free trade

union leadership at all levels through a variety of

educational activities and social projects

Twenty thousand trade unionists annually will partishy

cipate in workshops and seminars in their own countries

Approximately 300 trade union leaders will be trained in

the United States annually at Front Royal Five hundred

will participate in international conferences Small

($5000-$50000) projects such as credit unions worker

housing and consumer cooperatives will be financed to

improve the social and economic conditions of Latin American

working men and women These projects will be financed from

a Regional Revolving Loan Fund ($800000 capital as of

92076) Smaller impact projects under $5000 each will

be financed from funds provided by the AFL-CIO (approximately

$50000 annually) Through research centers data will be

collected on cost of living comparisons of trade union

rights labor codes comparative salaries and benefits in

2

various sectors and the results distributed to interested

labor organizations for use in bargaining and government

relations Through the Agrarian Union Development Services

program AIFLD will strengthen the leadership of campesino

unions and develop institutions such as producer and marketing

cooperatives and community services for participating members

The American Institute for Free Labor Development (AIFLD)

will carry out most of the activities of this project directly

The remainder the union-to-union program will be carried

out under subgrants by AIFLD to International Trade Secretarshy

iats (international labor institutions organized within a

single industry or sector ie teachers textile workers)

There are seven International Trade Secretariats (ITS) with

US affiliates and in turn affiliated with the International

(ICFTU) participating inConfederation of Free Trade Unions

the project (See Annex 2 International Trade Union Organishy

zations)

The labor organizations in Latin America with whom

free democratic trade unions federationsAIFLD works are

and confederations For the purpose of this project free

democratic trade union organizations can be defined as

1 Those which are affiliated directly or indirectly

with the ICFTU its Inter-American Regional

Organization (ORIT) or one or more of its

International Trade Secretariats or

3

2 Independent unions federations or confederations

(not affiliated with the ICFTU the Christian

Democrat World Confederation of Labor (WCL) or

the Communist World Federation of Trade Unions

(WFTU)

Section 601 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 as

amended declares it to be the policy of the United States

to encourage efforts to strengthen free labor unions in less

developed countries It continues to be AID policy to

strengthen the development capabilities of labor unions to

enhance the skills employment opportunities productivity

freedom and welfare of working men and women In accordance

with AID Policy as defined in a Determination Paper signed

May 2 1973 former Administrator Hannah stated that

Economic growth is not the end purpose of development

but rather is one of the means for attaining developshy

ment objectives A major such objective is to meet

the aspirations of workers and their families for a

better life with dignity and freedom and to help

spread the benefits of economic progress among the wage

and salary components of the labor force In providing

development assistance AID should encourage the developshy

ment of strong independent responsible and democratic

organizations of workers which can engage in collective

4

bargaining and perform other useful functions in the

improvement of the economic and social life of their

members

The Policy paper further states Free and responsible

labor unions enjoying the right to engage in collective

bargaining can have an important role in the process of

modernization and the social and economic development of

the less developed countries For example by acting as

forums for the etchange of information and instruments for

attitudinal change on vLtal development issues such as

bringing to the fore difficult questions of social welfare

and equitable distribution of income seeking to improve the

conditions under which the commitment of labor to industry

takes place and helping advance population and family

planning goals labor unions may strengthen the forces in

a society which are impelling it to modernize

D Summary Findings

This project is consistent with the Foreign Assistance

Act of 1961 as amended and meets the criteria of Section

601 22 USC 2351 to foster private initiative and

competition to encourage the development and use of

cooperatives credit unions and savings and loan associations

to discourage monopolistic practices to improve the technical

efficiency of their industry agriculture and commerce and

5

to strengthen free labor unions In addition this

project is in concert with the Congressional Mandate of

1973 Sections 103 105 106 and 107 which call on AID

to provide basic services to poor people enhancing

their capacity for self-help to increase manpower

training in skills related to development to help

solve economic and social development problems in fields

such as transportation power industry urban development

and export development Congress support of a subshy

stantial role in foreign aid through US private organizshy

ations is well known and is repeated in miny of the Congressional

reports The House Foreign Affairs Committee wrote the Agency

would be expected to work closely with those (private) US

institutions and groups which already have ties established

in the recipient countries The people-to-people

institution-to-institution relationship between Americans

working in development and their equivalent organized groups

in the developing countries is a valuable concept

The project meets all applicable statutory criteria

E Project Issues

1 Is it in the best interest of the US Government

and the AID in particular to propose a five-year program

with AIFLD as this Project Paper proposes to do Are there

other options that the USG should consider

2 What are the prospects for AIFLD country programs being

continued in the region as more and more of the bilateral

6

AID programs are phased out

3 Might it be better to have AIFLD continue the

educational phase of the program and have social developshy

ment programs (health cooperatives etc) funded through

the Operational Program Grants

4 Rather than depend on a US-based private

organization operating primarily through bilateral programs

might it not be better to emphasize regional programs through

regional labor groups such as ORIT or the ITSs

5 Is it appropriate to support AIFLD programs in the

campesino sector

6 Is the balance between administrative and program

cost appropriate

7

PART II

A Background

This project is a follow-on effort to a project begun in

1962 From 1962 to FY 1973 labor programs in Latin American

countries were managed and funded by the USAIDs while US

training and AIFLD headquarters support operations were

managed and funded by AIDW

In FY 1973 all free labor development activities in the

region both US and in-country were combined into one

regional project The project is managed and funded by the

LA Bureau but maintains Country Team involvement in project

design analysis monitoring and evaluation

A comprehensive study of United States Labor Programs in

Latin America was conducted in 1975 by consultants Robert

Alexander and Henry Hammond Dr Alexander a university

professor is a recognized authority on Latin American organized

labor Henry Hammond is a retired Foreign Service Officer with

long experience as a Labor Attache in Latin America

The purpose of the study was to examine labor programs in

light of the significant political economic and social changes

which have occurred in Latin America since 1962 the beginning

of the Alliance for Progress The consultantsreport concluded

among other things

8

1 Aid to free trade unions or those aspiring to

be free conforms to the beliefs which hopefully are shared

by the great majority of our fellow citizens and support the

policy of our government These include a democratic

pluralistic society of relative equality of wealth of power of

social status (The United States Government is not alone in

supporting programs among others are the governments of West

Germany Sweden Netherlands and Great Britain as well as the

Soviet Union)

2 In certain Latin American countries problems may

arise in conducting labor programs due to local abuse of

traditional labor law or limitation on the right to strike

bargain collectively etc In such cases the role of AIFLD may

be

a To support those elementz in the labor

movement which under existing conditions are trying to maintain

something approaching a free labor movement or

b To train younger and 1cwer ranking labor

leaders so that when conditions improve they can renew

collective bargaining and the functiooning of trade union

democracy

3 Whether or not a labor program should be

maintained in a country which represses the free trade union

movement has to be the result of a Ualanced assessment of what

is to be gained and what is to be lost given the particular

c~rcumtances

~-~--- With WbtAWet IN~

represents at this tie the best IWutMxt to SZUy tie

AofWUnited ItprinoI~pa 9de

Latin AMexica Ibct aUM

9 Detailed 0escromL

The Latin Ameicn Mteebt LeR vpni

eseially a cnuiat aon -a rtelow baLSof IM m1 eS bestblihedin 142 with th eia ttate ftw rm

by us Labort PrtvaWte Mpts adi MS Vole OVWUSS AS

the present tise k=W Country SUaShesS are optatwu Iamp Is

L4 countries Zn the mS advanced tntiW hSIUU8 a$

traininq 40 perons per cycle an a mLdestia basts hir Le

to seven cycles Per yea at Tronst ToLVa i a speeI

moris is tiatnm 11-20 pet~aup 1wS LeUniversity amo wsimwashtngton through a mnsotim of ft

AZD has been tbe PuLIaPaL OOM Of tedS duttW U5 Pee

funia period and anears WL~y to tesl est at Ieasth

the near ftues The AZP ammil obuggtt sampe 6 f

$56 milon atae fT 103 reagia ftm aM 5ffOLWaU S iamp

173 toa lo ofV$1fliLUwi La 2f4s IS Iss rum~ ow

-n~i~ pc m ba bes bmb m ashy

omisendatUss of OfJaiLi Pa

A- shy

IV

subamlow~aa nal tatilo owbekieoo MgAm=uwAMvqomm4p

is~N Oleeuaas subampims Uw Pt

Mo asM1=0SMall mn 9 0

0w imf awtmLauli aatt

off foam umJAnwLfimiea

NoUw aMwFmpose toam senil

AilimaWaewomm asAhii

304

--4 S

4 ove soialoia n r

5 Increased labor influence on national

Vol Increased membership paric pation jiIn r

attabs of natlon4 labor organixationsp local unions and

a lasS SMmp ons of Goal Achievements Goal aches twl3 depend not only on the direct impact and

ofWtheW prjctipusbu h4940i Uv ls n economic- shy

and poUtal ollmste of each program country It is assumed Men W UaLptinq countries the development of democraticthe

Maittia (udnios) imoreases the probability of a more eSsitabl d1trLbution of wealth and a stronger labor movement AUL eune nore Luesco on the political economic and social

de~epetproe It is further aemmed that such peeiat willMaLU11w untos to operate indepefdently and

eame the 1vegmmets wr Political parties will ffectively wuvs or U6h0it Mo 1e4e Pmt of dementi~a unions nor

News

a minauth et w~ey o e

aiv~ko ~ ~ tk~

12

educational programs to heighten the effectiveness of labor

leadership and administration at all levels Other types of

assistance will include fostering social projects related to

labor organizations (eg credit unions consumer cooperatives

clinics community development etc) Another aspect of this

project is to strengthen communication and collaboration

between the free labor organizations of the various countries

and between them and the principal appropriate international

labor organizations-- the Inter-American Regional Organization

of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (ITS)

as well as the AFL-CIO itself Such associations will complement

other measures to enhance the stature of Latin American labor

organizations and to assist their progress toward free democratic

and responsible unionism

b Conditions Expected at End of Project (Targets)For each participating country

one (or more) national democratic labor confederation that has

competent leadership and adequate staff has an adequate operating

budget is financially self-sufficient provides a series of

services to its affiliates is located in its own national headshy

quarters periodically publishes a newspaper or newsletter is

governed in a democratic manner and is affiliated with and pays

dues to ORIT Targets for each country or sub-regional program

as well as growth in labor union membership income from dues

union financial strength and the number quality and coverage

of collective agreements are specified in the attached country

13

matrices (Annex one (1))

It should be clearly borne in mind however that attempts to measure such quantitative changes are difficult because available country data are often not available or reliable

Further growth may be stopped or even reversed at times because of unforeseen political factors which negate the best efforts of the contractor Therefore the EOPS targets as indicated in the attached country matrices vary considerably and may have to be changed from time to time In certain cases EOPS of longer than five years are indicated in other cases it has proved impossible to identify an EOPS date which appears realistic to all parties including the CT and AIDW Accordingly for overall purposes of the regional Project Paper five year approval of the regional labor program is requested in order to cover all AIFLD programs anticipated to be in operation during

the period FY 1977-1981

Hopefully a significant portion of the in-country activities of the project (eg operation of national training programs and social projects) will have been taken over by LA countries or international labor organizations by the time of final termination of AID funding to this project In some cases this may depend upon an increase in the income and staff of the principal appropriate international labor organizations--the

Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (=TS) so that they could

14

supplement the capacity of the less-developed labor movements

The same could also be said of the relationship between

stronger and weaker labor organizations within each country

Consequently a strengthening of ties (through increased

affiliations and dues contributions) between labor organizations

both nationally and internationally will be an important

condition precedent to the end of the AID-financed project

c Basic Assumptions The basic assumption

concerning design-of this project is that workers in the other

countries of the region can best be helped to achieve the goal

by an organization closely related to the labor movement in the

United States This assumption proceeds from matters of

feelings of fraternal solidaritytechnical expertise as well as

and was the underlying reason for making the American Institute

for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) the chosen instrument of

AID for this project Another important assumption is that

the governments of the several countries will continue to permit

AIFLD to operate within their jurisdictions and will honor

their international commitments favoring free labor organizations

3 Project Outputs

a Training courses will be given in the various

Latin American countries dealing with fundamental labor union

themes such as labor law and practice social security law and

practice collective bargaining and grievance procedures

parliamentary procedure and public speaking history of the

15

international labor union movement social theory labor union

accounting communications and public relations Such

courses are given at basic intermediate and specialized levels

Special courses are provided for agrarian rural workers

(compesinos) teachers and for members of cooperatives associated

with labor unions

Two hundred graduates of local courses come to the United

States annually for advanced training at the AIFLD center

at Front Royal Virginia Examples of such courses include

Techniques of Organizing

The role of Trade Union Women in Economic Development

Labor Relations amp Collective Bargaining

Collective Bargaining amp Research

Collective Bargaining amp Trade Union Rights

Adjustment to Automation

A specially selected group of 15-20 participants annually US

receives a specialuniversity level curriculum These partshy

icipants are elected or appointed union officials who are

currently at the policy making level This training is conshy

ducted in Spanish in the Washington DC area by professors

from the Consortium of DC area universities The courses

include subjects such as Survey of Basic Economics International

Relations Industrial Sociology Survey of Contemporary Latin

16

America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and

Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political

Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor

Relations in Latin America and individual research projects

AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali

Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists

to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD

provides technical assistance in management of credit unions

and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type

of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances

the prestige and attraction of free labor unions

b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed

in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic

intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services

for their members and organizational units established (education

social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for

local programs

c Important Output Assumptions

1 The ability of union leaders to

negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies

more effective union management based on AIFLD education of

union leadership

17

2 Union members will devote free time at

night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers

will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy

time courses

3 Trained instructors will be available to

conduct education programs

4 Project Inputs

a Kinds of Inputs

US Government

1 Funds for program and administrative

expenses

Logistic support (motor pool furniture2

duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the

country and EmbassyUSAID policy

Other Donors

1 Local logistic support (use of free

classroom space and instructors)

Funds for special project activities2

(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)

AIFLD private funds for special projects3

4 ITS private funds for shared staff and

program costs

5 Local funds for lost-time payments to

somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in

cases

18

US Government

Estimated costs of the program to the US

Government over the project period have been estimated on the

basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by

country and by time period the totals reveal an order of

magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows

1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ

60 52 44 55 14

The largest single element is comprised of

country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy

to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include

advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support

($15)

5 Analyses of Country Matrices

A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each

country regional and sub-regional program The indicators

selected are considered to be significantly better than previous

project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the

project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements

in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience

in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted

in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent

upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions

relative-to labor unions within each country

- 19 -

In examining the objectively verifiable indicators

used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards

goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress

in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of

unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number

and members so covered All eleven include indicators which

would show improvement in the economic position of members

through increased purchasing power of union members improvement

in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In

order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national

level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation

Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public

Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision

Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in

National Decision Making

In summary the currently planned End of Project Status

(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the

following dates

No Countries DATE (FY)

1 78

2 80

2 81

1 87

1 91

1 95 4 97

20

PART III

PROJECT ANALYSIS

A Technical Analysis

This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962

which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in

Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for

the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as

There is no alternate organization in the US which might

replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor

business and government and has developed staff organization

and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out

the Latin American Free Labor Development Program

Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the

carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to

labor education and social development activities throughout

the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other

support activities which have contributed to the existence and

effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of

Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser

The locales are classroomsextent social project development

and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in

only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current

technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program

objectives

21

Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy

country activities in the field will continue generally along

presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis

on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social

projects and a heavy component of participant training

Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program

proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents

(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are

finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the

US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites

Programs also vary in each country from time to time

depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the

part of the host governments and the local labor sector to

US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They

reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor

Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free

Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor

leaders

B bull Financial Analysis and Plan

The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current

year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for

complete details) The largest component of this total consists

of individual country programs which presently total 13

These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program

averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and

- 22 shy

$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate

a permanent in-country office including a resident US

representative The remainder consist of programs primarily

educational seminars and in some cases small social project

programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program

Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses

are in line with other AID contract representatives and could

not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of

allowances required by essentially all US citizens working

abroad

aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of

typical country program could be made only by eliminating the

US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two

reasons

1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its

financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)

which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with

labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country

where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis

to a large number of participants in educational programs who

are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy

ability

2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for

discussions of political matters with the Embassy which

frequently involve the use of classified information

-0 _11

Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a

nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis

However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt

AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in

the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where

designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning

purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that

It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish

that some will drop out but that others will be added so that

the total will remain roughly constant

which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work

to increase the average coat of in-country programs These

include

1 Inflation and

2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams

to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization

rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated

Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)

would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs

hold effects etc) 4444

- + ++ +

MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be

rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4

The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely

Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to

substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng

if + ++ if+ifif if

preussurea boen maintained to increase +

the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi

4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif

and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are

extremely limited in their resources They already contribute

in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM

However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are

reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future

- +

i

umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~

W9Um of tug

aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13

for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8

25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm

to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m

h1thfythgU V

amlo nf UWL mIam

Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000

toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse

toqeutioe sremI the

the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas

alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha

+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite

eeAbleof a mniut smestrat

+ ++++- + ++

- 22D -

Some country programs may drop out but others may be added

or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some

fashion since current staffing levels and administrative

costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated

It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset

the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at

this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response

by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe

the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and

81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time

23

C Social Analaysis

One of the major objectives of the program is to meet

the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life

with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of

economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components

of the labor force In order to realize progress certain

social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the

the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within

the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow

process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program

In many instances trade union organizations provide the

only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation

himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to

an improvement in his social well being The training of

leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly

with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with

small social impact projects provides the means whereby

attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to

the national level

It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity

labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining

economic and social benefits for their members This will be

reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work

and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will

- 24 shy

play in influencing the governments labor legislation and

its economic and social development programs Quantitative

data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained

in the country program matrices (eg membership social

services working conditions public influence governmental

relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases

but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with

any degree of validity

The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working

class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries

the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian

Union Development Services program which not only provides

for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the

development of cooperatives and the health field as well

The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis

participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of

women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal

pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs

During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses

included 16 women students while women students comprised

22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to

further improve this record

-- ---

- 25 -

One of the more important aspects of the program is that

it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a

significant number of low income people an opportunity to

seek improvement in their economic and social condition

through better representation and an opportunity to

participate in decisions affecting their working lives

D Economic Analysis

The nature of the labor develooment program as described

herein involves a mix of political social and economic

considerations and justifications It is difficult to

distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any

particular country at any given time let alone the region

as a whole

From the economic standzoint success in the project will

generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand

signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure

accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r

several of the country matries rcC_r _ns

will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments

but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level

which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable

reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues

payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations

and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the

- 26 shy

program and these too are not reliably reported Additional

amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE

obtained by the unions for their members and others through

collective bargaining but in this case we have the same

problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting

units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion

of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union

leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased

earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the

problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must

be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional

standpoint

- 27 -

PART IV

IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements

1 Recipient

The American Institute for Free Labor Development

(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this

project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the

the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to

the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director

directs the development and implementation of programs and has

responsibility for the overall operation of the organization

The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible

directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies

and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the

Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and

monitor these programs on a continuing basis

Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director

in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD

is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity

of the program in country

The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and

administers the educational activities of the Institute and in

particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the

University Program and for providing technical services to the

- 28 shy

various country education programs The Front Royal Institute

provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably

be offered in individual countries The University Labor

Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified

young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university

level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of

labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the

Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links

the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -

Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American

The Department of Social Projects assists in the development

of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives

community projects and where appropriate housing projects

workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing

the importance of making credit available for local labor

organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a

Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this

field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this

nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in

establishing credit programs for workers)

The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of

Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and

Information Services

- 29 -

AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated

in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It

received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that

time it has received continuing support from AID and has

developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it

to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and

presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry

out the program under consideration

2 AID

Management of the project is centered in the Labor

Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and

Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau

of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through

designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches

or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project

The design and implementation of each of the Country programs

is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department

of State

- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

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I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

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various sectors and the results distributed to interested

labor organizations for use in bargaining and government

relations Through the Agrarian Union Development Services

program AIFLD will strengthen the leadership of campesino

unions and develop institutions such as producer and marketing

cooperatives and community services for participating members

The American Institute for Free Labor Development (AIFLD)

will carry out most of the activities of this project directly

The remainder the union-to-union program will be carried

out under subgrants by AIFLD to International Trade Secretarshy

iats (international labor institutions organized within a

single industry or sector ie teachers textile workers)

There are seven International Trade Secretariats (ITS) with

US affiliates and in turn affiliated with the International

(ICFTU) participating inConfederation of Free Trade Unions

the project (See Annex 2 International Trade Union Organishy

zations)

The labor organizations in Latin America with whom

free democratic trade unions federationsAIFLD works are

and confederations For the purpose of this project free

democratic trade union organizations can be defined as

1 Those which are affiliated directly or indirectly

with the ICFTU its Inter-American Regional

Organization (ORIT) or one or more of its

International Trade Secretariats or

3

2 Independent unions federations or confederations

(not affiliated with the ICFTU the Christian

Democrat World Confederation of Labor (WCL) or

the Communist World Federation of Trade Unions

(WFTU)

Section 601 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 as

amended declares it to be the policy of the United States

to encourage efforts to strengthen free labor unions in less

developed countries It continues to be AID policy to

strengthen the development capabilities of labor unions to

enhance the skills employment opportunities productivity

freedom and welfare of working men and women In accordance

with AID Policy as defined in a Determination Paper signed

May 2 1973 former Administrator Hannah stated that

Economic growth is not the end purpose of development

but rather is one of the means for attaining developshy

ment objectives A major such objective is to meet

the aspirations of workers and their families for a

better life with dignity and freedom and to help

spread the benefits of economic progress among the wage

and salary components of the labor force In providing

development assistance AID should encourage the developshy

ment of strong independent responsible and democratic

organizations of workers which can engage in collective

4

bargaining and perform other useful functions in the

improvement of the economic and social life of their

members

The Policy paper further states Free and responsible

labor unions enjoying the right to engage in collective

bargaining can have an important role in the process of

modernization and the social and economic development of

the less developed countries For example by acting as

forums for the etchange of information and instruments for

attitudinal change on vLtal development issues such as

bringing to the fore difficult questions of social welfare

and equitable distribution of income seeking to improve the

conditions under which the commitment of labor to industry

takes place and helping advance population and family

planning goals labor unions may strengthen the forces in

a society which are impelling it to modernize

D Summary Findings

This project is consistent with the Foreign Assistance

Act of 1961 as amended and meets the criteria of Section

601 22 USC 2351 to foster private initiative and

competition to encourage the development and use of

cooperatives credit unions and savings and loan associations

to discourage monopolistic practices to improve the technical

efficiency of their industry agriculture and commerce and

5

to strengthen free labor unions In addition this

project is in concert with the Congressional Mandate of

1973 Sections 103 105 106 and 107 which call on AID

to provide basic services to poor people enhancing

their capacity for self-help to increase manpower

training in skills related to development to help

solve economic and social development problems in fields

such as transportation power industry urban development

and export development Congress support of a subshy

stantial role in foreign aid through US private organizshy

ations is well known and is repeated in miny of the Congressional

reports The House Foreign Affairs Committee wrote the Agency

would be expected to work closely with those (private) US

institutions and groups which already have ties established

in the recipient countries The people-to-people

institution-to-institution relationship between Americans

working in development and their equivalent organized groups

in the developing countries is a valuable concept

The project meets all applicable statutory criteria

E Project Issues

1 Is it in the best interest of the US Government

and the AID in particular to propose a five-year program

with AIFLD as this Project Paper proposes to do Are there

other options that the USG should consider

2 What are the prospects for AIFLD country programs being

continued in the region as more and more of the bilateral

6

AID programs are phased out

3 Might it be better to have AIFLD continue the

educational phase of the program and have social developshy

ment programs (health cooperatives etc) funded through

the Operational Program Grants

4 Rather than depend on a US-based private

organization operating primarily through bilateral programs

might it not be better to emphasize regional programs through

regional labor groups such as ORIT or the ITSs

5 Is it appropriate to support AIFLD programs in the

campesino sector

6 Is the balance between administrative and program

cost appropriate

7

PART II

A Background

This project is a follow-on effort to a project begun in

1962 From 1962 to FY 1973 labor programs in Latin American

countries were managed and funded by the USAIDs while US

training and AIFLD headquarters support operations were

managed and funded by AIDW

In FY 1973 all free labor development activities in the

region both US and in-country were combined into one

regional project The project is managed and funded by the

LA Bureau but maintains Country Team involvement in project

design analysis monitoring and evaluation

A comprehensive study of United States Labor Programs in

Latin America was conducted in 1975 by consultants Robert

Alexander and Henry Hammond Dr Alexander a university

professor is a recognized authority on Latin American organized

labor Henry Hammond is a retired Foreign Service Officer with

long experience as a Labor Attache in Latin America

The purpose of the study was to examine labor programs in

light of the significant political economic and social changes

which have occurred in Latin America since 1962 the beginning

of the Alliance for Progress The consultantsreport concluded

among other things

8

1 Aid to free trade unions or those aspiring to

be free conforms to the beliefs which hopefully are shared

by the great majority of our fellow citizens and support the

policy of our government These include a democratic

pluralistic society of relative equality of wealth of power of

social status (The United States Government is not alone in

supporting programs among others are the governments of West

Germany Sweden Netherlands and Great Britain as well as the

Soviet Union)

2 In certain Latin American countries problems may

arise in conducting labor programs due to local abuse of

traditional labor law or limitation on the right to strike

bargain collectively etc In such cases the role of AIFLD may

be

a To support those elementz in the labor

movement which under existing conditions are trying to maintain

something approaching a free labor movement or

b To train younger and 1cwer ranking labor

leaders so that when conditions improve they can renew

collective bargaining and the functiooning of trade union

democracy

3 Whether or not a labor program should be

maintained in a country which represses the free trade union

movement has to be the result of a Ualanced assessment of what

is to be gained and what is to be lost given the particular

c~rcumtances

~-~--- With WbtAWet IN~

represents at this tie the best IWutMxt to SZUy tie

AofWUnited ItprinoI~pa 9de

Latin AMexica Ibct aUM

9 Detailed 0escromL

The Latin Ameicn Mteebt LeR vpni

eseially a cnuiat aon -a rtelow baLSof IM m1 eS bestblihedin 142 with th eia ttate ftw rm

by us Labort PrtvaWte Mpts adi MS Vole OVWUSS AS

the present tise k=W Country SUaShesS are optatwu Iamp Is

L4 countries Zn the mS advanced tntiW hSIUU8 a$

traininq 40 perons per cycle an a mLdestia basts hir Le

to seven cycles Per yea at Tronst ToLVa i a speeI

moris is tiatnm 11-20 pet~aup 1wS LeUniversity amo wsimwashtngton through a mnsotim of ft

AZD has been tbe PuLIaPaL OOM Of tedS duttW U5 Pee

funia period and anears WL~y to tesl est at Ieasth

the near ftues The AZP ammil obuggtt sampe 6 f

$56 milon atae fT 103 reagia ftm aM 5ffOLWaU S iamp

173 toa lo ofV$1fliLUwi La 2f4s IS Iss rum~ ow

-n~i~ pc m ba bes bmb m ashy

omisendatUss of OfJaiLi Pa

A- shy

IV

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304

--4 S

4 ove soialoia n r

5 Increased labor influence on national

Vol Increased membership paric pation jiIn r

attabs of natlon4 labor organixationsp local unions and

a lasS SMmp ons of Goal Achievements Goal aches twl3 depend not only on the direct impact and

ofWtheW prjctipusbu h4940i Uv ls n economic- shy

and poUtal ollmste of each program country It is assumed Men W UaLptinq countries the development of democraticthe

Maittia (udnios) imoreases the probability of a more eSsitabl d1trLbution of wealth and a stronger labor movement AUL eune nore Luesco on the political economic and social

de~epetproe It is further aemmed that such peeiat willMaLU11w untos to operate indepefdently and

eame the 1vegmmets wr Political parties will ffectively wuvs or U6h0it Mo 1e4e Pmt of dementi~a unions nor

News

a minauth et w~ey o e

aiv~ko ~ ~ tk~

12

educational programs to heighten the effectiveness of labor

leadership and administration at all levels Other types of

assistance will include fostering social projects related to

labor organizations (eg credit unions consumer cooperatives

clinics community development etc) Another aspect of this

project is to strengthen communication and collaboration

between the free labor organizations of the various countries

and between them and the principal appropriate international

labor organizations-- the Inter-American Regional Organization

of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (ITS)

as well as the AFL-CIO itself Such associations will complement

other measures to enhance the stature of Latin American labor

organizations and to assist their progress toward free democratic

and responsible unionism

b Conditions Expected at End of Project (Targets)For each participating country

one (or more) national democratic labor confederation that has

competent leadership and adequate staff has an adequate operating

budget is financially self-sufficient provides a series of

services to its affiliates is located in its own national headshy

quarters periodically publishes a newspaper or newsletter is

governed in a democratic manner and is affiliated with and pays

dues to ORIT Targets for each country or sub-regional program

as well as growth in labor union membership income from dues

union financial strength and the number quality and coverage

of collective agreements are specified in the attached country

13

matrices (Annex one (1))

It should be clearly borne in mind however that attempts to measure such quantitative changes are difficult because available country data are often not available or reliable

Further growth may be stopped or even reversed at times because of unforeseen political factors which negate the best efforts of the contractor Therefore the EOPS targets as indicated in the attached country matrices vary considerably and may have to be changed from time to time In certain cases EOPS of longer than five years are indicated in other cases it has proved impossible to identify an EOPS date which appears realistic to all parties including the CT and AIDW Accordingly for overall purposes of the regional Project Paper five year approval of the regional labor program is requested in order to cover all AIFLD programs anticipated to be in operation during

the period FY 1977-1981

Hopefully a significant portion of the in-country activities of the project (eg operation of national training programs and social projects) will have been taken over by LA countries or international labor organizations by the time of final termination of AID funding to this project In some cases this may depend upon an increase in the income and staff of the principal appropriate international labor organizations--the

Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (=TS) so that they could

14

supplement the capacity of the less-developed labor movements

The same could also be said of the relationship between

stronger and weaker labor organizations within each country

Consequently a strengthening of ties (through increased

affiliations and dues contributions) between labor organizations

both nationally and internationally will be an important

condition precedent to the end of the AID-financed project

c Basic Assumptions The basic assumption

concerning design-of this project is that workers in the other

countries of the region can best be helped to achieve the goal

by an organization closely related to the labor movement in the

United States This assumption proceeds from matters of

feelings of fraternal solidaritytechnical expertise as well as

and was the underlying reason for making the American Institute

for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) the chosen instrument of

AID for this project Another important assumption is that

the governments of the several countries will continue to permit

AIFLD to operate within their jurisdictions and will honor

their international commitments favoring free labor organizations

3 Project Outputs

a Training courses will be given in the various

Latin American countries dealing with fundamental labor union

themes such as labor law and practice social security law and

practice collective bargaining and grievance procedures

parliamentary procedure and public speaking history of the

15

international labor union movement social theory labor union

accounting communications and public relations Such

courses are given at basic intermediate and specialized levels

Special courses are provided for agrarian rural workers

(compesinos) teachers and for members of cooperatives associated

with labor unions

Two hundred graduates of local courses come to the United

States annually for advanced training at the AIFLD center

at Front Royal Virginia Examples of such courses include

Techniques of Organizing

The role of Trade Union Women in Economic Development

Labor Relations amp Collective Bargaining

Collective Bargaining amp Research

Collective Bargaining amp Trade Union Rights

Adjustment to Automation

A specially selected group of 15-20 participants annually US

receives a specialuniversity level curriculum These partshy

icipants are elected or appointed union officials who are

currently at the policy making level This training is conshy

ducted in Spanish in the Washington DC area by professors

from the Consortium of DC area universities The courses

include subjects such as Survey of Basic Economics International

Relations Industrial Sociology Survey of Contemporary Latin

16

America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and

Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political

Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor

Relations in Latin America and individual research projects

AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali

Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists

to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD

provides technical assistance in management of credit unions

and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type

of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances

the prestige and attraction of free labor unions

b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed

in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic

intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services

for their members and organizational units established (education

social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for

local programs

c Important Output Assumptions

1 The ability of union leaders to

negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies

more effective union management based on AIFLD education of

union leadership

17

2 Union members will devote free time at

night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers

will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy

time courses

3 Trained instructors will be available to

conduct education programs

4 Project Inputs

a Kinds of Inputs

US Government

1 Funds for program and administrative

expenses

Logistic support (motor pool furniture2

duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the

country and EmbassyUSAID policy

Other Donors

1 Local logistic support (use of free

classroom space and instructors)

Funds for special project activities2

(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)

AIFLD private funds for special projects3

4 ITS private funds for shared staff and

program costs

5 Local funds for lost-time payments to

somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in

cases

18

US Government

Estimated costs of the program to the US

Government over the project period have been estimated on the

basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by

country and by time period the totals reveal an order of

magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows

1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ

60 52 44 55 14

The largest single element is comprised of

country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy

to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include

advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support

($15)

5 Analyses of Country Matrices

A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each

country regional and sub-regional program The indicators

selected are considered to be significantly better than previous

project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the

project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements

in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience

in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted

in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent

upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions

relative-to labor unions within each country

- 19 -

In examining the objectively verifiable indicators

used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards

goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress

in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of

unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number

and members so covered All eleven include indicators which

would show improvement in the economic position of members

through increased purchasing power of union members improvement

in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In

order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national

level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation

Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public

Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision

Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in

National Decision Making

In summary the currently planned End of Project Status

(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the

following dates

No Countries DATE (FY)

1 78

2 80

2 81

1 87

1 91

1 95 4 97

20

PART III

PROJECT ANALYSIS

A Technical Analysis

This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962

which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in

Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for

the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as

There is no alternate organization in the US which might

replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor

business and government and has developed staff organization

and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out

the Latin American Free Labor Development Program

Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the

carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to

labor education and social development activities throughout

the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other

support activities which have contributed to the existence and

effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of

Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser

The locales are classroomsextent social project development

and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in

only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current

technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program

objectives

21

Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy

country activities in the field will continue generally along

presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis

on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social

projects and a heavy component of participant training

Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program

proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents

(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are

finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the

US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites

Programs also vary in each country from time to time

depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the

part of the host governments and the local labor sector to

US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They

reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor

Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free

Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor

leaders

B bull Financial Analysis and Plan

The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current

year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for

complete details) The largest component of this total consists

of individual country programs which presently total 13

These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program

averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and

- 22 shy

$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate

a permanent in-country office including a resident US

representative The remainder consist of programs primarily

educational seminars and in some cases small social project

programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program

Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses

are in line with other AID contract representatives and could

not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of

allowances required by essentially all US citizens working

abroad

aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of

typical country program could be made only by eliminating the

US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two

reasons

1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its

financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)

which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with

labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country

where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis

to a large number of participants in educational programs who

are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy

ability

2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for

discussions of political matters with the Embassy which

frequently involve the use of classified information

-0 _11

Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a

nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis

However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt

AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in

the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where

designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning

purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that

It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish

that some will drop out but that others will be added so that

the total will remain roughly constant

which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work

to increase the average coat of in-country programs These

include

1 Inflation and

2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams

to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization

rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated

Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)

would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs

hold effects etc) 4444

- + ++ +

MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be

rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4

The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely

Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to

substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng

if + ++ if+ifif if

preussurea boen maintained to increase +

the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi

4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif

and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are

extremely limited in their resources They already contribute

in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM

However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are

reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future

- +

i

umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~

W9Um of tug

aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13

for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8

25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm

to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m

h1thfythgU V

amlo nf UWL mIam

Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000

toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse

toqeutioe sremI the

the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas

alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha

+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite

eeAbleof a mniut smestrat

+ ++++- + ++

- 22D -

Some country programs may drop out but others may be added

or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some

fashion since current staffing levels and administrative

costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated

It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset

the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at

this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response

by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe

the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and

81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time

23

C Social Analaysis

One of the major objectives of the program is to meet

the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life

with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of

economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components

of the labor force In order to realize progress certain

social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the

the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within

the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow

process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program

In many instances trade union organizations provide the

only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation

himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to

an improvement in his social well being The training of

leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly

with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with

small social impact projects provides the means whereby

attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to

the national level

It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity

labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining

economic and social benefits for their members This will be

reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work

and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will

- 24 shy

play in influencing the governments labor legislation and

its economic and social development programs Quantitative

data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained

in the country program matrices (eg membership social

services working conditions public influence governmental

relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases

but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with

any degree of validity

The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working

class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries

the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian

Union Development Services program which not only provides

for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the

development of cooperatives and the health field as well

The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis

participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of

women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal

pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs

During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses

included 16 women students while women students comprised

22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to

further improve this record

-- ---

- 25 -

One of the more important aspects of the program is that

it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a

significant number of low income people an opportunity to

seek improvement in their economic and social condition

through better representation and an opportunity to

participate in decisions affecting their working lives

D Economic Analysis

The nature of the labor develooment program as described

herein involves a mix of political social and economic

considerations and justifications It is difficult to

distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any

particular country at any given time let alone the region

as a whole

From the economic standzoint success in the project will

generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand

signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure

accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r

several of the country matries rcC_r _ns

will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments

but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level

which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable

reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues

payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations

and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the

- 26 shy

program and these too are not reliably reported Additional

amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE

obtained by the unions for their members and others through

collective bargaining but in this case we have the same

problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting

units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion

of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union

leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased

earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the

problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must

be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional

standpoint

- 27 -

PART IV

IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements

1 Recipient

The American Institute for Free Labor Development

(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this

project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the

the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to

the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director

directs the development and implementation of programs and has

responsibility for the overall operation of the organization

The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible

directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies

and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the

Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and

monitor these programs on a continuing basis

Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director

in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD

is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity

of the program in country

The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and

administers the educational activities of the Institute and in

particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the

University Program and for providing technical services to the

- 28 shy

various country education programs The Front Royal Institute

provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably

be offered in individual countries The University Labor

Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified

young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university

level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of

labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the

Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links

the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -

Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American

The Department of Social Projects assists in the development

of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives

community projects and where appropriate housing projects

workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing

the importance of making credit available for local labor

organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a

Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this

field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this

nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in

establishing credit programs for workers)

The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of

Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and

Information Services

- 29 -

AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated

in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It

received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that

time it has received continuing support from AID and has

developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it

to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and

presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry

out the program under consideration

2 AID

Management of the project is centered in the Labor

Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and

Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau

of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through

designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches

or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project

The design and implementation of each of the Country programs

is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department

of State

- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

7P -111 - L

gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44

444444+ 444444444444

4444444444 44444444gt444

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2 Independent unions federations or confederations

(not affiliated with the ICFTU the Christian

Democrat World Confederation of Labor (WCL) or

the Communist World Federation of Trade Unions

(WFTU)

Section 601 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 as

amended declares it to be the policy of the United States

to encourage efforts to strengthen free labor unions in less

developed countries It continues to be AID policy to

strengthen the development capabilities of labor unions to

enhance the skills employment opportunities productivity

freedom and welfare of working men and women In accordance

with AID Policy as defined in a Determination Paper signed

May 2 1973 former Administrator Hannah stated that

Economic growth is not the end purpose of development

but rather is one of the means for attaining developshy

ment objectives A major such objective is to meet

the aspirations of workers and their families for a

better life with dignity and freedom and to help

spread the benefits of economic progress among the wage

and salary components of the labor force In providing

development assistance AID should encourage the developshy

ment of strong independent responsible and democratic

organizations of workers which can engage in collective

4

bargaining and perform other useful functions in the

improvement of the economic and social life of their

members

The Policy paper further states Free and responsible

labor unions enjoying the right to engage in collective

bargaining can have an important role in the process of

modernization and the social and economic development of

the less developed countries For example by acting as

forums for the etchange of information and instruments for

attitudinal change on vLtal development issues such as

bringing to the fore difficult questions of social welfare

and equitable distribution of income seeking to improve the

conditions under which the commitment of labor to industry

takes place and helping advance population and family

planning goals labor unions may strengthen the forces in

a society which are impelling it to modernize

D Summary Findings

This project is consistent with the Foreign Assistance

Act of 1961 as amended and meets the criteria of Section

601 22 USC 2351 to foster private initiative and

competition to encourage the development and use of

cooperatives credit unions and savings and loan associations

to discourage monopolistic practices to improve the technical

efficiency of their industry agriculture and commerce and

5

to strengthen free labor unions In addition this

project is in concert with the Congressional Mandate of

1973 Sections 103 105 106 and 107 which call on AID

to provide basic services to poor people enhancing

their capacity for self-help to increase manpower

training in skills related to development to help

solve economic and social development problems in fields

such as transportation power industry urban development

and export development Congress support of a subshy

stantial role in foreign aid through US private organizshy

ations is well known and is repeated in miny of the Congressional

reports The House Foreign Affairs Committee wrote the Agency

would be expected to work closely with those (private) US

institutions and groups which already have ties established

in the recipient countries The people-to-people

institution-to-institution relationship between Americans

working in development and their equivalent organized groups

in the developing countries is a valuable concept

The project meets all applicable statutory criteria

E Project Issues

1 Is it in the best interest of the US Government

and the AID in particular to propose a five-year program

with AIFLD as this Project Paper proposes to do Are there

other options that the USG should consider

2 What are the prospects for AIFLD country programs being

continued in the region as more and more of the bilateral

6

AID programs are phased out

3 Might it be better to have AIFLD continue the

educational phase of the program and have social developshy

ment programs (health cooperatives etc) funded through

the Operational Program Grants

4 Rather than depend on a US-based private

organization operating primarily through bilateral programs

might it not be better to emphasize regional programs through

regional labor groups such as ORIT or the ITSs

5 Is it appropriate to support AIFLD programs in the

campesino sector

6 Is the balance between administrative and program

cost appropriate

7

PART II

A Background

This project is a follow-on effort to a project begun in

1962 From 1962 to FY 1973 labor programs in Latin American

countries were managed and funded by the USAIDs while US

training and AIFLD headquarters support operations were

managed and funded by AIDW

In FY 1973 all free labor development activities in the

region both US and in-country were combined into one

regional project The project is managed and funded by the

LA Bureau but maintains Country Team involvement in project

design analysis monitoring and evaluation

A comprehensive study of United States Labor Programs in

Latin America was conducted in 1975 by consultants Robert

Alexander and Henry Hammond Dr Alexander a university

professor is a recognized authority on Latin American organized

labor Henry Hammond is a retired Foreign Service Officer with

long experience as a Labor Attache in Latin America

The purpose of the study was to examine labor programs in

light of the significant political economic and social changes

which have occurred in Latin America since 1962 the beginning

of the Alliance for Progress The consultantsreport concluded

among other things

8

1 Aid to free trade unions or those aspiring to

be free conforms to the beliefs which hopefully are shared

by the great majority of our fellow citizens and support the

policy of our government These include a democratic

pluralistic society of relative equality of wealth of power of

social status (The United States Government is not alone in

supporting programs among others are the governments of West

Germany Sweden Netherlands and Great Britain as well as the

Soviet Union)

2 In certain Latin American countries problems may

arise in conducting labor programs due to local abuse of

traditional labor law or limitation on the right to strike

bargain collectively etc In such cases the role of AIFLD may

be

a To support those elementz in the labor

movement which under existing conditions are trying to maintain

something approaching a free labor movement or

b To train younger and 1cwer ranking labor

leaders so that when conditions improve they can renew

collective bargaining and the functiooning of trade union

democracy

3 Whether or not a labor program should be

maintained in a country which represses the free trade union

movement has to be the result of a Ualanced assessment of what

is to be gained and what is to be lost given the particular

c~rcumtances

~-~--- With WbtAWet IN~

represents at this tie the best IWutMxt to SZUy tie

AofWUnited ItprinoI~pa 9de

Latin AMexica Ibct aUM

9 Detailed 0escromL

The Latin Ameicn Mteebt LeR vpni

eseially a cnuiat aon -a rtelow baLSof IM m1 eS bestblihedin 142 with th eia ttate ftw rm

by us Labort PrtvaWte Mpts adi MS Vole OVWUSS AS

the present tise k=W Country SUaShesS are optatwu Iamp Is

L4 countries Zn the mS advanced tntiW hSIUU8 a$

traininq 40 perons per cycle an a mLdestia basts hir Le

to seven cycles Per yea at Tronst ToLVa i a speeI

moris is tiatnm 11-20 pet~aup 1wS LeUniversity amo wsimwashtngton through a mnsotim of ft

AZD has been tbe PuLIaPaL OOM Of tedS duttW U5 Pee

funia period and anears WL~y to tesl est at Ieasth

the near ftues The AZP ammil obuggtt sampe 6 f

$56 milon atae fT 103 reagia ftm aM 5ffOLWaU S iamp

173 toa lo ofV$1fliLUwi La 2f4s IS Iss rum~ ow

-n~i~ pc m ba bes bmb m ashy

omisendatUss of OfJaiLi Pa

A- shy

IV

subamlow~aa nal tatilo owbekieoo MgAm=uwAMvqomm4p

is~N Oleeuaas subampims Uw Pt

Mo asM1=0SMall mn 9 0

0w imf awtmLauli aatt

off foam umJAnwLfimiea

NoUw aMwFmpose toam senil

AilimaWaewomm asAhii

304

--4 S

4 ove soialoia n r

5 Increased labor influence on national

Vol Increased membership paric pation jiIn r

attabs of natlon4 labor organixationsp local unions and

a lasS SMmp ons of Goal Achievements Goal aches twl3 depend not only on the direct impact and

ofWtheW prjctipusbu h4940i Uv ls n economic- shy

and poUtal ollmste of each program country It is assumed Men W UaLptinq countries the development of democraticthe

Maittia (udnios) imoreases the probability of a more eSsitabl d1trLbution of wealth and a stronger labor movement AUL eune nore Luesco on the political economic and social

de~epetproe It is further aemmed that such peeiat willMaLU11w untos to operate indepefdently and

eame the 1vegmmets wr Political parties will ffectively wuvs or U6h0it Mo 1e4e Pmt of dementi~a unions nor

News

a minauth et w~ey o e

aiv~ko ~ ~ tk~

12

educational programs to heighten the effectiveness of labor

leadership and administration at all levels Other types of

assistance will include fostering social projects related to

labor organizations (eg credit unions consumer cooperatives

clinics community development etc) Another aspect of this

project is to strengthen communication and collaboration

between the free labor organizations of the various countries

and between them and the principal appropriate international

labor organizations-- the Inter-American Regional Organization

of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (ITS)

as well as the AFL-CIO itself Such associations will complement

other measures to enhance the stature of Latin American labor

organizations and to assist their progress toward free democratic

and responsible unionism

b Conditions Expected at End of Project (Targets)For each participating country

one (or more) national democratic labor confederation that has

competent leadership and adequate staff has an adequate operating

budget is financially self-sufficient provides a series of

services to its affiliates is located in its own national headshy

quarters periodically publishes a newspaper or newsletter is

governed in a democratic manner and is affiliated with and pays

dues to ORIT Targets for each country or sub-regional program

as well as growth in labor union membership income from dues

union financial strength and the number quality and coverage

of collective agreements are specified in the attached country

13

matrices (Annex one (1))

It should be clearly borne in mind however that attempts to measure such quantitative changes are difficult because available country data are often not available or reliable

Further growth may be stopped or even reversed at times because of unforeseen political factors which negate the best efforts of the contractor Therefore the EOPS targets as indicated in the attached country matrices vary considerably and may have to be changed from time to time In certain cases EOPS of longer than five years are indicated in other cases it has proved impossible to identify an EOPS date which appears realistic to all parties including the CT and AIDW Accordingly for overall purposes of the regional Project Paper five year approval of the regional labor program is requested in order to cover all AIFLD programs anticipated to be in operation during

the period FY 1977-1981

Hopefully a significant portion of the in-country activities of the project (eg operation of national training programs and social projects) will have been taken over by LA countries or international labor organizations by the time of final termination of AID funding to this project In some cases this may depend upon an increase in the income and staff of the principal appropriate international labor organizations--the

Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (=TS) so that they could

14

supplement the capacity of the less-developed labor movements

The same could also be said of the relationship between

stronger and weaker labor organizations within each country

Consequently a strengthening of ties (through increased

affiliations and dues contributions) between labor organizations

both nationally and internationally will be an important

condition precedent to the end of the AID-financed project

c Basic Assumptions The basic assumption

concerning design-of this project is that workers in the other

countries of the region can best be helped to achieve the goal

by an organization closely related to the labor movement in the

United States This assumption proceeds from matters of

feelings of fraternal solidaritytechnical expertise as well as

and was the underlying reason for making the American Institute

for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) the chosen instrument of

AID for this project Another important assumption is that

the governments of the several countries will continue to permit

AIFLD to operate within their jurisdictions and will honor

their international commitments favoring free labor organizations

3 Project Outputs

a Training courses will be given in the various

Latin American countries dealing with fundamental labor union

themes such as labor law and practice social security law and

practice collective bargaining and grievance procedures

parliamentary procedure and public speaking history of the

15

international labor union movement social theory labor union

accounting communications and public relations Such

courses are given at basic intermediate and specialized levels

Special courses are provided for agrarian rural workers

(compesinos) teachers and for members of cooperatives associated

with labor unions

Two hundred graduates of local courses come to the United

States annually for advanced training at the AIFLD center

at Front Royal Virginia Examples of such courses include

Techniques of Organizing

The role of Trade Union Women in Economic Development

Labor Relations amp Collective Bargaining

Collective Bargaining amp Research

Collective Bargaining amp Trade Union Rights

Adjustment to Automation

A specially selected group of 15-20 participants annually US

receives a specialuniversity level curriculum These partshy

icipants are elected or appointed union officials who are

currently at the policy making level This training is conshy

ducted in Spanish in the Washington DC area by professors

from the Consortium of DC area universities The courses

include subjects such as Survey of Basic Economics International

Relations Industrial Sociology Survey of Contemporary Latin

16

America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and

Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political

Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor

Relations in Latin America and individual research projects

AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali

Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists

to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD

provides technical assistance in management of credit unions

and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type

of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances

the prestige and attraction of free labor unions

b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed

in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic

intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services

for their members and organizational units established (education

social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for

local programs

c Important Output Assumptions

1 The ability of union leaders to

negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies

more effective union management based on AIFLD education of

union leadership

17

2 Union members will devote free time at

night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers

will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy

time courses

3 Trained instructors will be available to

conduct education programs

4 Project Inputs

a Kinds of Inputs

US Government

1 Funds for program and administrative

expenses

Logistic support (motor pool furniture2

duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the

country and EmbassyUSAID policy

Other Donors

1 Local logistic support (use of free

classroom space and instructors)

Funds for special project activities2

(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)

AIFLD private funds for special projects3

4 ITS private funds for shared staff and

program costs

5 Local funds for lost-time payments to

somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in

cases

18

US Government

Estimated costs of the program to the US

Government over the project period have been estimated on the

basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by

country and by time period the totals reveal an order of

magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows

1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ

60 52 44 55 14

The largest single element is comprised of

country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy

to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include

advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support

($15)

5 Analyses of Country Matrices

A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each

country regional and sub-regional program The indicators

selected are considered to be significantly better than previous

project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the

project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements

in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience

in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted

in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent

upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions

relative-to labor unions within each country

- 19 -

In examining the objectively verifiable indicators

used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards

goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress

in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of

unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number

and members so covered All eleven include indicators which

would show improvement in the economic position of members

through increased purchasing power of union members improvement

in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In

order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national

level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation

Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public

Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision

Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in

National Decision Making

In summary the currently planned End of Project Status

(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the

following dates

No Countries DATE (FY)

1 78

2 80

2 81

1 87

1 91

1 95 4 97

20

PART III

PROJECT ANALYSIS

A Technical Analysis

This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962

which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in

Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for

the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as

There is no alternate organization in the US which might

replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor

business and government and has developed staff organization

and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out

the Latin American Free Labor Development Program

Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the

carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to

labor education and social development activities throughout

the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other

support activities which have contributed to the existence and

effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of

Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser

The locales are classroomsextent social project development

and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in

only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current

technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program

objectives

21

Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy

country activities in the field will continue generally along

presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis

on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social

projects and a heavy component of participant training

Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program

proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents

(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are

finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the

US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites

Programs also vary in each country from time to time

depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the

part of the host governments and the local labor sector to

US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They

reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor

Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free

Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor

leaders

B bull Financial Analysis and Plan

The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current

year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for

complete details) The largest component of this total consists

of individual country programs which presently total 13

These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program

averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and

- 22 shy

$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate

a permanent in-country office including a resident US

representative The remainder consist of programs primarily

educational seminars and in some cases small social project

programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program

Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses

are in line with other AID contract representatives and could

not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of

allowances required by essentially all US citizens working

abroad

aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of

typical country program could be made only by eliminating the

US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two

reasons

1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its

financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)

which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with

labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country

where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis

to a large number of participants in educational programs who

are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy

ability

2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for

discussions of political matters with the Embassy which

frequently involve the use of classified information

-0 _11

Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a

nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis

However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt

AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in

the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where

designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning

purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that

It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish

that some will drop out but that others will be added so that

the total will remain roughly constant

which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work

to increase the average coat of in-country programs These

include

1 Inflation and

2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams

to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization

rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated

Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)

would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs

hold effects etc) 4444

- + ++ +

MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be

rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4

The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely

Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to

substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng

if + ++ if+ifif if

preussurea boen maintained to increase +

the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi

4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif

and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are

extremely limited in their resources They already contribute

in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM

However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are

reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future

- +

i

umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~

W9Um of tug

aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13

for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8

25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm

to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m

h1thfythgU V

amlo nf UWL mIam

Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000

toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse

toqeutioe sremI the

the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas

alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha

+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite

eeAbleof a mniut smestrat

+ ++++- + ++

- 22D -

Some country programs may drop out but others may be added

or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some

fashion since current staffing levels and administrative

costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated

It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset

the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at

this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response

by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe

the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and

81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time

23

C Social Analaysis

One of the major objectives of the program is to meet

the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life

with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of

economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components

of the labor force In order to realize progress certain

social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the

the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within

the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow

process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program

In many instances trade union organizations provide the

only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation

himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to

an improvement in his social well being The training of

leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly

with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with

small social impact projects provides the means whereby

attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to

the national level

It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity

labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining

economic and social benefits for their members This will be

reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work

and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will

- 24 shy

play in influencing the governments labor legislation and

its economic and social development programs Quantitative

data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained

in the country program matrices (eg membership social

services working conditions public influence governmental

relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases

but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with

any degree of validity

The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working

class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries

the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian

Union Development Services program which not only provides

for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the

development of cooperatives and the health field as well

The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis

participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of

women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal

pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs

During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses

included 16 women students while women students comprised

22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to

further improve this record

-- ---

- 25 -

One of the more important aspects of the program is that

it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a

significant number of low income people an opportunity to

seek improvement in their economic and social condition

through better representation and an opportunity to

participate in decisions affecting their working lives

D Economic Analysis

The nature of the labor develooment program as described

herein involves a mix of political social and economic

considerations and justifications It is difficult to

distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any

particular country at any given time let alone the region

as a whole

From the economic standzoint success in the project will

generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand

signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure

accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r

several of the country matries rcC_r _ns

will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments

but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level

which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable

reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues

payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations

and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the

- 26 shy

program and these too are not reliably reported Additional

amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE

obtained by the unions for their members and others through

collective bargaining but in this case we have the same

problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting

units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion

of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union

leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased

earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the

problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must

be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional

standpoint

- 27 -

PART IV

IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements

1 Recipient

The American Institute for Free Labor Development

(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this

project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the

the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to

the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director

directs the development and implementation of programs and has

responsibility for the overall operation of the organization

The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible

directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies

and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the

Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and

monitor these programs on a continuing basis

Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director

in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD

is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity

of the program in country

The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and

administers the educational activities of the Institute and in

particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the

University Program and for providing technical services to the

- 28 shy

various country education programs The Front Royal Institute

provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably

be offered in individual countries The University Labor

Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified

young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university

level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of

labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the

Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links

the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -

Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American

The Department of Social Projects assists in the development

of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives

community projects and where appropriate housing projects

workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing

the importance of making credit available for local labor

organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a

Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this

field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this

nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in

establishing credit programs for workers)

The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of

Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and

Information Services

- 29 -

AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated

in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It

received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that

time it has received continuing support from AID and has

developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it

to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and

presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry

out the program under consideration

2 AID

Management of the project is centered in the Labor

Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and

Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau

of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through

designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches

or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project

The design and implementation of each of the Country programs

is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department

of State

- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

7P -111 - L

gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44

444444+ 444444444444

4444444444 44444444gt444

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bargaining and perform other useful functions in the

improvement of the economic and social life of their

members

The Policy paper further states Free and responsible

labor unions enjoying the right to engage in collective

bargaining can have an important role in the process of

modernization and the social and economic development of

the less developed countries For example by acting as

forums for the etchange of information and instruments for

attitudinal change on vLtal development issues such as

bringing to the fore difficult questions of social welfare

and equitable distribution of income seeking to improve the

conditions under which the commitment of labor to industry

takes place and helping advance population and family

planning goals labor unions may strengthen the forces in

a society which are impelling it to modernize

D Summary Findings

This project is consistent with the Foreign Assistance

Act of 1961 as amended and meets the criteria of Section

601 22 USC 2351 to foster private initiative and

competition to encourage the development and use of

cooperatives credit unions and savings and loan associations

to discourage monopolistic practices to improve the technical

efficiency of their industry agriculture and commerce and

5

to strengthen free labor unions In addition this

project is in concert with the Congressional Mandate of

1973 Sections 103 105 106 and 107 which call on AID

to provide basic services to poor people enhancing

their capacity for self-help to increase manpower

training in skills related to development to help

solve economic and social development problems in fields

such as transportation power industry urban development

and export development Congress support of a subshy

stantial role in foreign aid through US private organizshy

ations is well known and is repeated in miny of the Congressional

reports The House Foreign Affairs Committee wrote the Agency

would be expected to work closely with those (private) US

institutions and groups which already have ties established

in the recipient countries The people-to-people

institution-to-institution relationship between Americans

working in development and their equivalent organized groups

in the developing countries is a valuable concept

The project meets all applicable statutory criteria

E Project Issues

1 Is it in the best interest of the US Government

and the AID in particular to propose a five-year program

with AIFLD as this Project Paper proposes to do Are there

other options that the USG should consider

2 What are the prospects for AIFLD country programs being

continued in the region as more and more of the bilateral

6

AID programs are phased out

3 Might it be better to have AIFLD continue the

educational phase of the program and have social developshy

ment programs (health cooperatives etc) funded through

the Operational Program Grants

4 Rather than depend on a US-based private

organization operating primarily through bilateral programs

might it not be better to emphasize regional programs through

regional labor groups such as ORIT or the ITSs

5 Is it appropriate to support AIFLD programs in the

campesino sector

6 Is the balance between administrative and program

cost appropriate

7

PART II

A Background

This project is a follow-on effort to a project begun in

1962 From 1962 to FY 1973 labor programs in Latin American

countries were managed and funded by the USAIDs while US

training and AIFLD headquarters support operations were

managed and funded by AIDW

In FY 1973 all free labor development activities in the

region both US and in-country were combined into one

regional project The project is managed and funded by the

LA Bureau but maintains Country Team involvement in project

design analysis monitoring and evaluation

A comprehensive study of United States Labor Programs in

Latin America was conducted in 1975 by consultants Robert

Alexander and Henry Hammond Dr Alexander a university

professor is a recognized authority on Latin American organized

labor Henry Hammond is a retired Foreign Service Officer with

long experience as a Labor Attache in Latin America

The purpose of the study was to examine labor programs in

light of the significant political economic and social changes

which have occurred in Latin America since 1962 the beginning

of the Alliance for Progress The consultantsreport concluded

among other things

8

1 Aid to free trade unions or those aspiring to

be free conforms to the beliefs which hopefully are shared

by the great majority of our fellow citizens and support the

policy of our government These include a democratic

pluralistic society of relative equality of wealth of power of

social status (The United States Government is not alone in

supporting programs among others are the governments of West

Germany Sweden Netherlands and Great Britain as well as the

Soviet Union)

2 In certain Latin American countries problems may

arise in conducting labor programs due to local abuse of

traditional labor law or limitation on the right to strike

bargain collectively etc In such cases the role of AIFLD may

be

a To support those elementz in the labor

movement which under existing conditions are trying to maintain

something approaching a free labor movement or

b To train younger and 1cwer ranking labor

leaders so that when conditions improve they can renew

collective bargaining and the functiooning of trade union

democracy

3 Whether or not a labor program should be

maintained in a country which represses the free trade union

movement has to be the result of a Ualanced assessment of what

is to be gained and what is to be lost given the particular

c~rcumtances

~-~--- With WbtAWet IN~

represents at this tie the best IWutMxt to SZUy tie

AofWUnited ItprinoI~pa 9de

Latin AMexica Ibct aUM

9 Detailed 0escromL

The Latin Ameicn Mteebt LeR vpni

eseially a cnuiat aon -a rtelow baLSof IM m1 eS bestblihedin 142 with th eia ttate ftw rm

by us Labort PrtvaWte Mpts adi MS Vole OVWUSS AS

the present tise k=W Country SUaShesS are optatwu Iamp Is

L4 countries Zn the mS advanced tntiW hSIUU8 a$

traininq 40 perons per cycle an a mLdestia basts hir Le

to seven cycles Per yea at Tronst ToLVa i a speeI

moris is tiatnm 11-20 pet~aup 1wS LeUniversity amo wsimwashtngton through a mnsotim of ft

AZD has been tbe PuLIaPaL OOM Of tedS duttW U5 Pee

funia period and anears WL~y to tesl est at Ieasth

the near ftues The AZP ammil obuggtt sampe 6 f

$56 milon atae fT 103 reagia ftm aM 5ffOLWaU S iamp

173 toa lo ofV$1fliLUwi La 2f4s IS Iss rum~ ow

-n~i~ pc m ba bes bmb m ashy

omisendatUss of OfJaiLi Pa

A- shy

IV

subamlow~aa nal tatilo owbekieoo MgAm=uwAMvqomm4p

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304

--4 S

4 ove soialoia n r

5 Increased labor influence on national

Vol Increased membership paric pation jiIn r

attabs of natlon4 labor organixationsp local unions and

a lasS SMmp ons of Goal Achievements Goal aches twl3 depend not only on the direct impact and

ofWtheW prjctipusbu h4940i Uv ls n economic- shy

and poUtal ollmste of each program country It is assumed Men W UaLptinq countries the development of democraticthe

Maittia (udnios) imoreases the probability of a more eSsitabl d1trLbution of wealth and a stronger labor movement AUL eune nore Luesco on the political economic and social

de~epetproe It is further aemmed that such peeiat willMaLU11w untos to operate indepefdently and

eame the 1vegmmets wr Political parties will ffectively wuvs or U6h0it Mo 1e4e Pmt of dementi~a unions nor

News

a minauth et w~ey o e

aiv~ko ~ ~ tk~

12

educational programs to heighten the effectiveness of labor

leadership and administration at all levels Other types of

assistance will include fostering social projects related to

labor organizations (eg credit unions consumer cooperatives

clinics community development etc) Another aspect of this

project is to strengthen communication and collaboration

between the free labor organizations of the various countries

and between them and the principal appropriate international

labor organizations-- the Inter-American Regional Organization

of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (ITS)

as well as the AFL-CIO itself Such associations will complement

other measures to enhance the stature of Latin American labor

organizations and to assist their progress toward free democratic

and responsible unionism

b Conditions Expected at End of Project (Targets)For each participating country

one (or more) national democratic labor confederation that has

competent leadership and adequate staff has an adequate operating

budget is financially self-sufficient provides a series of

services to its affiliates is located in its own national headshy

quarters periodically publishes a newspaper or newsletter is

governed in a democratic manner and is affiliated with and pays

dues to ORIT Targets for each country or sub-regional program

as well as growth in labor union membership income from dues

union financial strength and the number quality and coverage

of collective agreements are specified in the attached country

13

matrices (Annex one (1))

It should be clearly borne in mind however that attempts to measure such quantitative changes are difficult because available country data are often not available or reliable

Further growth may be stopped or even reversed at times because of unforeseen political factors which negate the best efforts of the contractor Therefore the EOPS targets as indicated in the attached country matrices vary considerably and may have to be changed from time to time In certain cases EOPS of longer than five years are indicated in other cases it has proved impossible to identify an EOPS date which appears realistic to all parties including the CT and AIDW Accordingly for overall purposes of the regional Project Paper five year approval of the regional labor program is requested in order to cover all AIFLD programs anticipated to be in operation during

the period FY 1977-1981

Hopefully a significant portion of the in-country activities of the project (eg operation of national training programs and social projects) will have been taken over by LA countries or international labor organizations by the time of final termination of AID funding to this project In some cases this may depend upon an increase in the income and staff of the principal appropriate international labor organizations--the

Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (=TS) so that they could

14

supplement the capacity of the less-developed labor movements

The same could also be said of the relationship between

stronger and weaker labor organizations within each country

Consequently a strengthening of ties (through increased

affiliations and dues contributions) between labor organizations

both nationally and internationally will be an important

condition precedent to the end of the AID-financed project

c Basic Assumptions The basic assumption

concerning design-of this project is that workers in the other

countries of the region can best be helped to achieve the goal

by an organization closely related to the labor movement in the

United States This assumption proceeds from matters of

feelings of fraternal solidaritytechnical expertise as well as

and was the underlying reason for making the American Institute

for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) the chosen instrument of

AID for this project Another important assumption is that

the governments of the several countries will continue to permit

AIFLD to operate within their jurisdictions and will honor

their international commitments favoring free labor organizations

3 Project Outputs

a Training courses will be given in the various

Latin American countries dealing with fundamental labor union

themes such as labor law and practice social security law and

practice collective bargaining and grievance procedures

parliamentary procedure and public speaking history of the

15

international labor union movement social theory labor union

accounting communications and public relations Such

courses are given at basic intermediate and specialized levels

Special courses are provided for agrarian rural workers

(compesinos) teachers and for members of cooperatives associated

with labor unions

Two hundred graduates of local courses come to the United

States annually for advanced training at the AIFLD center

at Front Royal Virginia Examples of such courses include

Techniques of Organizing

The role of Trade Union Women in Economic Development

Labor Relations amp Collective Bargaining

Collective Bargaining amp Research

Collective Bargaining amp Trade Union Rights

Adjustment to Automation

A specially selected group of 15-20 participants annually US

receives a specialuniversity level curriculum These partshy

icipants are elected or appointed union officials who are

currently at the policy making level This training is conshy

ducted in Spanish in the Washington DC area by professors

from the Consortium of DC area universities The courses

include subjects such as Survey of Basic Economics International

Relations Industrial Sociology Survey of Contemporary Latin

16

America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and

Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political

Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor

Relations in Latin America and individual research projects

AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali

Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists

to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD

provides technical assistance in management of credit unions

and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type

of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances

the prestige and attraction of free labor unions

b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed

in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic

intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services

for their members and organizational units established (education

social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for

local programs

c Important Output Assumptions

1 The ability of union leaders to

negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies

more effective union management based on AIFLD education of

union leadership

17

2 Union members will devote free time at

night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers

will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy

time courses

3 Trained instructors will be available to

conduct education programs

4 Project Inputs

a Kinds of Inputs

US Government

1 Funds for program and administrative

expenses

Logistic support (motor pool furniture2

duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the

country and EmbassyUSAID policy

Other Donors

1 Local logistic support (use of free

classroom space and instructors)

Funds for special project activities2

(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)

AIFLD private funds for special projects3

4 ITS private funds for shared staff and

program costs

5 Local funds for lost-time payments to

somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in

cases

18

US Government

Estimated costs of the program to the US

Government over the project period have been estimated on the

basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by

country and by time period the totals reveal an order of

magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows

1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ

60 52 44 55 14

The largest single element is comprised of

country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy

to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include

advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support

($15)

5 Analyses of Country Matrices

A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each

country regional and sub-regional program The indicators

selected are considered to be significantly better than previous

project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the

project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements

in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience

in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted

in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent

upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions

relative-to labor unions within each country

- 19 -

In examining the objectively verifiable indicators

used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards

goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress

in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of

unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number

and members so covered All eleven include indicators which

would show improvement in the economic position of members

through increased purchasing power of union members improvement

in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In

order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national

level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation

Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public

Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision

Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in

National Decision Making

In summary the currently planned End of Project Status

(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the

following dates

No Countries DATE (FY)

1 78

2 80

2 81

1 87

1 91

1 95 4 97

20

PART III

PROJECT ANALYSIS

A Technical Analysis

This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962

which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in

Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for

the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as

There is no alternate organization in the US which might

replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor

business and government and has developed staff organization

and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out

the Latin American Free Labor Development Program

Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the

carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to

labor education and social development activities throughout

the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other

support activities which have contributed to the existence and

effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of

Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser

The locales are classroomsextent social project development

and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in

only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current

technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program

objectives

21

Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy

country activities in the field will continue generally along

presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis

on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social

projects and a heavy component of participant training

Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program

proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents

(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are

finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the

US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites

Programs also vary in each country from time to time

depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the

part of the host governments and the local labor sector to

US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They

reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor

Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free

Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor

leaders

B bull Financial Analysis and Plan

The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current

year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for

complete details) The largest component of this total consists

of individual country programs which presently total 13

These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program

averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and

- 22 shy

$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate

a permanent in-country office including a resident US

representative The remainder consist of programs primarily

educational seminars and in some cases small social project

programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program

Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses

are in line with other AID contract representatives and could

not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of

allowances required by essentially all US citizens working

abroad

aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of

typical country program could be made only by eliminating the

US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two

reasons

1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its

financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)

which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with

labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country

where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis

to a large number of participants in educational programs who

are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy

ability

2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for

discussions of political matters with the Embassy which

frequently involve the use of classified information

-0 _11

Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a

nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis

However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt

AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in

the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where

designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning

purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that

It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish

that some will drop out but that others will be added so that

the total will remain roughly constant

which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work

to increase the average coat of in-country programs These

include

1 Inflation and

2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams

to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization

rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated

Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)

would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs

hold effects etc) 4444

- + ++ +

MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be

rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4

The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely

Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to

substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng

if + ++ if+ifif if

preussurea boen maintained to increase +

the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi

4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif

and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are

extremely limited in their resources They already contribute

in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM

However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are

reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future

- +

i

umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~

W9Um of tug

aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13

for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8

25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm

to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m

h1thfythgU V

amlo nf UWL mIam

Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000

toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse

toqeutioe sremI the

the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas

alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha

+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite

eeAbleof a mniut smestrat

+ ++++- + ++

- 22D -

Some country programs may drop out but others may be added

or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some

fashion since current staffing levels and administrative

costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated

It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset

the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at

this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response

by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe

the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and

81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time

23

C Social Analaysis

One of the major objectives of the program is to meet

the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life

with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of

economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components

of the labor force In order to realize progress certain

social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the

the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within

the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow

process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program

In many instances trade union organizations provide the

only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation

himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to

an improvement in his social well being The training of

leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly

with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with

small social impact projects provides the means whereby

attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to

the national level

It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity

labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining

economic and social benefits for their members This will be

reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work

and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will

- 24 shy

play in influencing the governments labor legislation and

its economic and social development programs Quantitative

data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained

in the country program matrices (eg membership social

services working conditions public influence governmental

relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases

but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with

any degree of validity

The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working

class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries

the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian

Union Development Services program which not only provides

for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the

development of cooperatives and the health field as well

The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis

participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of

women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal

pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs

During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses

included 16 women students while women students comprised

22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to

further improve this record

-- ---

- 25 -

One of the more important aspects of the program is that

it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a

significant number of low income people an opportunity to

seek improvement in their economic and social condition

through better representation and an opportunity to

participate in decisions affecting their working lives

D Economic Analysis

The nature of the labor develooment program as described

herein involves a mix of political social and economic

considerations and justifications It is difficult to

distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any

particular country at any given time let alone the region

as a whole

From the economic standzoint success in the project will

generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand

signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure

accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r

several of the country matries rcC_r _ns

will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments

but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level

which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable

reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues

payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations

and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the

- 26 shy

program and these too are not reliably reported Additional

amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE

obtained by the unions for their members and others through

collective bargaining but in this case we have the same

problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting

units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion

of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union

leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased

earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the

problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must

be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional

standpoint

- 27 -

PART IV

IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements

1 Recipient

The American Institute for Free Labor Development

(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this

project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the

the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to

the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director

directs the development and implementation of programs and has

responsibility for the overall operation of the organization

The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible

directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies

and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the

Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and

monitor these programs on a continuing basis

Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director

in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD

is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity

of the program in country

The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and

administers the educational activities of the Institute and in

particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the

University Program and for providing technical services to the

- 28 shy

various country education programs The Front Royal Institute

provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably

be offered in individual countries The University Labor

Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified

young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university

level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of

labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the

Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links

the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -

Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American

The Department of Social Projects assists in the development

of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives

community projects and where appropriate housing projects

workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing

the importance of making credit available for local labor

organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a

Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this

field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this

nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in

establishing credit programs for workers)

The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of

Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and

Information Services

- 29 -

AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated

in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It

received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that

time it has received continuing support from AID and has

developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it

to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and

presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry

out the program under consideration

2 AID

Management of the project is centered in the Labor

Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and

Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau

of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through

designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches

or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project

The design and implementation of each of the Country programs

is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department

of State

- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

7P -111 - L

gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44

444444+ 444444444444

4444444444 44444444gt444

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to strengthen free labor unions In addition this

project is in concert with the Congressional Mandate of

1973 Sections 103 105 106 and 107 which call on AID

to provide basic services to poor people enhancing

their capacity for self-help to increase manpower

training in skills related to development to help

solve economic and social development problems in fields

such as transportation power industry urban development

and export development Congress support of a subshy

stantial role in foreign aid through US private organizshy

ations is well known and is repeated in miny of the Congressional

reports The House Foreign Affairs Committee wrote the Agency

would be expected to work closely with those (private) US

institutions and groups which already have ties established

in the recipient countries The people-to-people

institution-to-institution relationship between Americans

working in development and their equivalent organized groups

in the developing countries is a valuable concept

The project meets all applicable statutory criteria

E Project Issues

1 Is it in the best interest of the US Government

and the AID in particular to propose a five-year program

with AIFLD as this Project Paper proposes to do Are there

other options that the USG should consider

2 What are the prospects for AIFLD country programs being

continued in the region as more and more of the bilateral

6

AID programs are phased out

3 Might it be better to have AIFLD continue the

educational phase of the program and have social developshy

ment programs (health cooperatives etc) funded through

the Operational Program Grants

4 Rather than depend on a US-based private

organization operating primarily through bilateral programs

might it not be better to emphasize regional programs through

regional labor groups such as ORIT or the ITSs

5 Is it appropriate to support AIFLD programs in the

campesino sector

6 Is the balance between administrative and program

cost appropriate

7

PART II

A Background

This project is a follow-on effort to a project begun in

1962 From 1962 to FY 1973 labor programs in Latin American

countries were managed and funded by the USAIDs while US

training and AIFLD headquarters support operations were

managed and funded by AIDW

In FY 1973 all free labor development activities in the

region both US and in-country were combined into one

regional project The project is managed and funded by the

LA Bureau but maintains Country Team involvement in project

design analysis monitoring and evaluation

A comprehensive study of United States Labor Programs in

Latin America was conducted in 1975 by consultants Robert

Alexander and Henry Hammond Dr Alexander a university

professor is a recognized authority on Latin American organized

labor Henry Hammond is a retired Foreign Service Officer with

long experience as a Labor Attache in Latin America

The purpose of the study was to examine labor programs in

light of the significant political economic and social changes

which have occurred in Latin America since 1962 the beginning

of the Alliance for Progress The consultantsreport concluded

among other things

8

1 Aid to free trade unions or those aspiring to

be free conforms to the beliefs which hopefully are shared

by the great majority of our fellow citizens and support the

policy of our government These include a democratic

pluralistic society of relative equality of wealth of power of

social status (The United States Government is not alone in

supporting programs among others are the governments of West

Germany Sweden Netherlands and Great Britain as well as the

Soviet Union)

2 In certain Latin American countries problems may

arise in conducting labor programs due to local abuse of

traditional labor law or limitation on the right to strike

bargain collectively etc In such cases the role of AIFLD may

be

a To support those elementz in the labor

movement which under existing conditions are trying to maintain

something approaching a free labor movement or

b To train younger and 1cwer ranking labor

leaders so that when conditions improve they can renew

collective bargaining and the functiooning of trade union

democracy

3 Whether or not a labor program should be

maintained in a country which represses the free trade union

movement has to be the result of a Ualanced assessment of what

is to be gained and what is to be lost given the particular

c~rcumtances

~-~--- With WbtAWet IN~

represents at this tie the best IWutMxt to SZUy tie

AofWUnited ItprinoI~pa 9de

Latin AMexica Ibct aUM

9 Detailed 0escromL

The Latin Ameicn Mteebt LeR vpni

eseially a cnuiat aon -a rtelow baLSof IM m1 eS bestblihedin 142 with th eia ttate ftw rm

by us Labort PrtvaWte Mpts adi MS Vole OVWUSS AS

the present tise k=W Country SUaShesS are optatwu Iamp Is

L4 countries Zn the mS advanced tntiW hSIUU8 a$

traininq 40 perons per cycle an a mLdestia basts hir Le

to seven cycles Per yea at Tronst ToLVa i a speeI

moris is tiatnm 11-20 pet~aup 1wS LeUniversity amo wsimwashtngton through a mnsotim of ft

AZD has been tbe PuLIaPaL OOM Of tedS duttW U5 Pee

funia period and anears WL~y to tesl est at Ieasth

the near ftues The AZP ammil obuggtt sampe 6 f

$56 milon atae fT 103 reagia ftm aM 5ffOLWaU S iamp

173 toa lo ofV$1fliLUwi La 2f4s IS Iss rum~ ow

-n~i~ pc m ba bes bmb m ashy

omisendatUss of OfJaiLi Pa

A- shy

IV

subamlow~aa nal tatilo owbekieoo MgAm=uwAMvqomm4p

is~N Oleeuaas subampims Uw Pt

Mo asM1=0SMall mn 9 0

0w imf awtmLauli aatt

off foam umJAnwLfimiea

NoUw aMwFmpose toam senil

AilimaWaewomm asAhii

304

--4 S

4 ove soialoia n r

5 Increased labor influence on national

Vol Increased membership paric pation jiIn r

attabs of natlon4 labor organixationsp local unions and

a lasS SMmp ons of Goal Achievements Goal aches twl3 depend not only on the direct impact and

ofWtheW prjctipusbu h4940i Uv ls n economic- shy

and poUtal ollmste of each program country It is assumed Men W UaLptinq countries the development of democraticthe

Maittia (udnios) imoreases the probability of a more eSsitabl d1trLbution of wealth and a stronger labor movement AUL eune nore Luesco on the political economic and social

de~epetproe It is further aemmed that such peeiat willMaLU11w untos to operate indepefdently and

eame the 1vegmmets wr Political parties will ffectively wuvs or U6h0it Mo 1e4e Pmt of dementi~a unions nor

News

a minauth et w~ey o e

aiv~ko ~ ~ tk~

12

educational programs to heighten the effectiveness of labor

leadership and administration at all levels Other types of

assistance will include fostering social projects related to

labor organizations (eg credit unions consumer cooperatives

clinics community development etc) Another aspect of this

project is to strengthen communication and collaboration

between the free labor organizations of the various countries

and between them and the principal appropriate international

labor organizations-- the Inter-American Regional Organization

of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (ITS)

as well as the AFL-CIO itself Such associations will complement

other measures to enhance the stature of Latin American labor

organizations and to assist their progress toward free democratic

and responsible unionism

b Conditions Expected at End of Project (Targets)For each participating country

one (or more) national democratic labor confederation that has

competent leadership and adequate staff has an adequate operating

budget is financially self-sufficient provides a series of

services to its affiliates is located in its own national headshy

quarters periodically publishes a newspaper or newsletter is

governed in a democratic manner and is affiliated with and pays

dues to ORIT Targets for each country or sub-regional program

as well as growth in labor union membership income from dues

union financial strength and the number quality and coverage

of collective agreements are specified in the attached country

13

matrices (Annex one (1))

It should be clearly borne in mind however that attempts to measure such quantitative changes are difficult because available country data are often not available or reliable

Further growth may be stopped or even reversed at times because of unforeseen political factors which negate the best efforts of the contractor Therefore the EOPS targets as indicated in the attached country matrices vary considerably and may have to be changed from time to time In certain cases EOPS of longer than five years are indicated in other cases it has proved impossible to identify an EOPS date which appears realistic to all parties including the CT and AIDW Accordingly for overall purposes of the regional Project Paper five year approval of the regional labor program is requested in order to cover all AIFLD programs anticipated to be in operation during

the period FY 1977-1981

Hopefully a significant portion of the in-country activities of the project (eg operation of national training programs and social projects) will have been taken over by LA countries or international labor organizations by the time of final termination of AID funding to this project In some cases this may depend upon an increase in the income and staff of the principal appropriate international labor organizations--the

Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (=TS) so that they could

14

supplement the capacity of the less-developed labor movements

The same could also be said of the relationship between

stronger and weaker labor organizations within each country

Consequently a strengthening of ties (through increased

affiliations and dues contributions) between labor organizations

both nationally and internationally will be an important

condition precedent to the end of the AID-financed project

c Basic Assumptions The basic assumption

concerning design-of this project is that workers in the other

countries of the region can best be helped to achieve the goal

by an organization closely related to the labor movement in the

United States This assumption proceeds from matters of

feelings of fraternal solidaritytechnical expertise as well as

and was the underlying reason for making the American Institute

for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) the chosen instrument of

AID for this project Another important assumption is that

the governments of the several countries will continue to permit

AIFLD to operate within their jurisdictions and will honor

their international commitments favoring free labor organizations

3 Project Outputs

a Training courses will be given in the various

Latin American countries dealing with fundamental labor union

themes such as labor law and practice social security law and

practice collective bargaining and grievance procedures

parliamentary procedure and public speaking history of the

15

international labor union movement social theory labor union

accounting communications and public relations Such

courses are given at basic intermediate and specialized levels

Special courses are provided for agrarian rural workers

(compesinos) teachers and for members of cooperatives associated

with labor unions

Two hundred graduates of local courses come to the United

States annually for advanced training at the AIFLD center

at Front Royal Virginia Examples of such courses include

Techniques of Organizing

The role of Trade Union Women in Economic Development

Labor Relations amp Collective Bargaining

Collective Bargaining amp Research

Collective Bargaining amp Trade Union Rights

Adjustment to Automation

A specially selected group of 15-20 participants annually US

receives a specialuniversity level curriculum These partshy

icipants are elected or appointed union officials who are

currently at the policy making level This training is conshy

ducted in Spanish in the Washington DC area by professors

from the Consortium of DC area universities The courses

include subjects such as Survey of Basic Economics International

Relations Industrial Sociology Survey of Contemporary Latin

16

America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and

Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political

Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor

Relations in Latin America and individual research projects

AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali

Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists

to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD

provides technical assistance in management of credit unions

and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type

of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances

the prestige and attraction of free labor unions

b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed

in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic

intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services

for their members and organizational units established (education

social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for

local programs

c Important Output Assumptions

1 The ability of union leaders to

negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies

more effective union management based on AIFLD education of

union leadership

17

2 Union members will devote free time at

night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers

will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy

time courses

3 Trained instructors will be available to

conduct education programs

4 Project Inputs

a Kinds of Inputs

US Government

1 Funds for program and administrative

expenses

Logistic support (motor pool furniture2

duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the

country and EmbassyUSAID policy

Other Donors

1 Local logistic support (use of free

classroom space and instructors)

Funds for special project activities2

(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)

AIFLD private funds for special projects3

4 ITS private funds for shared staff and

program costs

5 Local funds for lost-time payments to

somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in

cases

18

US Government

Estimated costs of the program to the US

Government over the project period have been estimated on the

basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by

country and by time period the totals reveal an order of

magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows

1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ

60 52 44 55 14

The largest single element is comprised of

country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy

to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include

advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support

($15)

5 Analyses of Country Matrices

A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each

country regional and sub-regional program The indicators

selected are considered to be significantly better than previous

project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the

project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements

in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience

in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted

in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent

upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions

relative-to labor unions within each country

- 19 -

In examining the objectively verifiable indicators

used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards

goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress

in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of

unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number

and members so covered All eleven include indicators which

would show improvement in the economic position of members

through increased purchasing power of union members improvement

in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In

order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national

level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation

Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public

Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision

Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in

National Decision Making

In summary the currently planned End of Project Status

(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the

following dates

No Countries DATE (FY)

1 78

2 80

2 81

1 87

1 91

1 95 4 97

20

PART III

PROJECT ANALYSIS

A Technical Analysis

This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962

which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in

Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for

the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as

There is no alternate organization in the US which might

replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor

business and government and has developed staff organization

and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out

the Latin American Free Labor Development Program

Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the

carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to

labor education and social development activities throughout

the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other

support activities which have contributed to the existence and

effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of

Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser

The locales are classroomsextent social project development

and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in

only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current

technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program

objectives

21

Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy

country activities in the field will continue generally along

presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis

on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social

projects and a heavy component of participant training

Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program

proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents

(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are

finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the

US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites

Programs also vary in each country from time to time

depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the

part of the host governments and the local labor sector to

US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They

reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor

Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free

Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor

leaders

B bull Financial Analysis and Plan

The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current

year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for

complete details) The largest component of this total consists

of individual country programs which presently total 13

These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program

averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and

- 22 shy

$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate

a permanent in-country office including a resident US

representative The remainder consist of programs primarily

educational seminars and in some cases small social project

programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program

Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses

are in line with other AID contract representatives and could

not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of

allowances required by essentially all US citizens working

abroad

aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of

typical country program could be made only by eliminating the

US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two

reasons

1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its

financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)

which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with

labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country

where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis

to a large number of participants in educational programs who

are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy

ability

2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for

discussions of political matters with the Embassy which

frequently involve the use of classified information

-0 _11

Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a

nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis

However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt

AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in

the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where

designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning

purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that

It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish

that some will drop out but that others will be added so that

the total will remain roughly constant

which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work

to increase the average coat of in-country programs These

include

1 Inflation and

2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams

to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization

rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated

Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)

would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs

hold effects etc) 4444

- + ++ +

MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be

rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4

The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely

Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to

substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng

if + ++ if+ifif if

preussurea boen maintained to increase +

the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi

4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif

and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are

extremely limited in their resources They already contribute

in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM

However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are

reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future

- +

i

umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~

W9Um of tug

aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13

for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8

25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm

to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m

h1thfythgU V

amlo nf UWL mIam

Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000

toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse

toqeutioe sremI the

the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas

alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha

+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite

eeAbleof a mniut smestrat

+ ++++- + ++

- 22D -

Some country programs may drop out but others may be added

or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some

fashion since current staffing levels and administrative

costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated

It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset

the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at

this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response

by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe

the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and

81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time

23

C Social Analaysis

One of the major objectives of the program is to meet

the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life

with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of

economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components

of the labor force In order to realize progress certain

social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the

the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within

the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow

process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program

In many instances trade union organizations provide the

only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation

himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to

an improvement in his social well being The training of

leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly

with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with

small social impact projects provides the means whereby

attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to

the national level

It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity

labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining

economic and social benefits for their members This will be

reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work

and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will

- 24 shy

play in influencing the governments labor legislation and

its economic and social development programs Quantitative

data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained

in the country program matrices (eg membership social

services working conditions public influence governmental

relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases

but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with

any degree of validity

The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working

class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries

the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian

Union Development Services program which not only provides

for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the

development of cooperatives and the health field as well

The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis

participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of

women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal

pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs

During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses

included 16 women students while women students comprised

22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to

further improve this record

-- ---

- 25 -

One of the more important aspects of the program is that

it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a

significant number of low income people an opportunity to

seek improvement in their economic and social condition

through better representation and an opportunity to

participate in decisions affecting their working lives

D Economic Analysis

The nature of the labor develooment program as described

herein involves a mix of political social and economic

considerations and justifications It is difficult to

distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any

particular country at any given time let alone the region

as a whole

From the economic standzoint success in the project will

generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand

signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure

accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r

several of the country matries rcC_r _ns

will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments

but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level

which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable

reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues

payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations

and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the

- 26 shy

program and these too are not reliably reported Additional

amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE

obtained by the unions for their members and others through

collective bargaining but in this case we have the same

problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting

units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion

of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union

leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased

earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the

problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must

be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional

standpoint

- 27 -

PART IV

IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements

1 Recipient

The American Institute for Free Labor Development

(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this

project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the

the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to

the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director

directs the development and implementation of programs and has

responsibility for the overall operation of the organization

The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible

directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies

and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the

Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and

monitor these programs on a continuing basis

Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director

in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD

is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity

of the program in country

The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and

administers the educational activities of the Institute and in

particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the

University Program and for providing technical services to the

- 28 shy

various country education programs The Front Royal Institute

provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably

be offered in individual countries The University Labor

Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified

young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university

level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of

labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the

Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links

the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -

Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American

The Department of Social Projects assists in the development

of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives

community projects and where appropriate housing projects

workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing

the importance of making credit available for local labor

organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a

Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this

field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this

nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in

establishing credit programs for workers)

The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of

Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and

Information Services

- 29 -

AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated

in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It

received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that

time it has received continuing support from AID and has

developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it

to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and

presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry

out the program under consideration

2 AID

Management of the project is centered in the Labor

Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and

Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau

of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through

designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches

or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project

The design and implementation of each of the Country programs

is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department

of State

- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

7P -111 - L

gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44

444444+ 444444444444

4444444444 44444444gt444

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6

AID programs are phased out

3 Might it be better to have AIFLD continue the

educational phase of the program and have social developshy

ment programs (health cooperatives etc) funded through

the Operational Program Grants

4 Rather than depend on a US-based private

organization operating primarily through bilateral programs

might it not be better to emphasize regional programs through

regional labor groups such as ORIT or the ITSs

5 Is it appropriate to support AIFLD programs in the

campesino sector

6 Is the balance between administrative and program

cost appropriate

7

PART II

A Background

This project is a follow-on effort to a project begun in

1962 From 1962 to FY 1973 labor programs in Latin American

countries were managed and funded by the USAIDs while US

training and AIFLD headquarters support operations were

managed and funded by AIDW

In FY 1973 all free labor development activities in the

region both US and in-country were combined into one

regional project The project is managed and funded by the

LA Bureau but maintains Country Team involvement in project

design analysis monitoring and evaluation

A comprehensive study of United States Labor Programs in

Latin America was conducted in 1975 by consultants Robert

Alexander and Henry Hammond Dr Alexander a university

professor is a recognized authority on Latin American organized

labor Henry Hammond is a retired Foreign Service Officer with

long experience as a Labor Attache in Latin America

The purpose of the study was to examine labor programs in

light of the significant political economic and social changes

which have occurred in Latin America since 1962 the beginning

of the Alliance for Progress The consultantsreport concluded

among other things

8

1 Aid to free trade unions or those aspiring to

be free conforms to the beliefs which hopefully are shared

by the great majority of our fellow citizens and support the

policy of our government These include a democratic

pluralistic society of relative equality of wealth of power of

social status (The United States Government is not alone in

supporting programs among others are the governments of West

Germany Sweden Netherlands and Great Britain as well as the

Soviet Union)

2 In certain Latin American countries problems may

arise in conducting labor programs due to local abuse of

traditional labor law or limitation on the right to strike

bargain collectively etc In such cases the role of AIFLD may

be

a To support those elementz in the labor

movement which under existing conditions are trying to maintain

something approaching a free labor movement or

b To train younger and 1cwer ranking labor

leaders so that when conditions improve they can renew

collective bargaining and the functiooning of trade union

democracy

3 Whether or not a labor program should be

maintained in a country which represses the free trade union

movement has to be the result of a Ualanced assessment of what

is to be gained and what is to be lost given the particular

c~rcumtances

~-~--- With WbtAWet IN~

represents at this tie the best IWutMxt to SZUy tie

AofWUnited ItprinoI~pa 9de

Latin AMexica Ibct aUM

9 Detailed 0escromL

The Latin Ameicn Mteebt LeR vpni

eseially a cnuiat aon -a rtelow baLSof IM m1 eS bestblihedin 142 with th eia ttate ftw rm

by us Labort PrtvaWte Mpts adi MS Vole OVWUSS AS

the present tise k=W Country SUaShesS are optatwu Iamp Is

L4 countries Zn the mS advanced tntiW hSIUU8 a$

traininq 40 perons per cycle an a mLdestia basts hir Le

to seven cycles Per yea at Tronst ToLVa i a speeI

moris is tiatnm 11-20 pet~aup 1wS LeUniversity amo wsimwashtngton through a mnsotim of ft

AZD has been tbe PuLIaPaL OOM Of tedS duttW U5 Pee

funia period and anears WL~y to tesl est at Ieasth

the near ftues The AZP ammil obuggtt sampe 6 f

$56 milon atae fT 103 reagia ftm aM 5ffOLWaU S iamp

173 toa lo ofV$1fliLUwi La 2f4s IS Iss rum~ ow

-n~i~ pc m ba bes bmb m ashy

omisendatUss of OfJaiLi Pa

A- shy

IV

subamlow~aa nal tatilo owbekieoo MgAm=uwAMvqomm4p

is~N Oleeuaas subampims Uw Pt

Mo asM1=0SMall mn 9 0

0w imf awtmLauli aatt

off foam umJAnwLfimiea

NoUw aMwFmpose toam senil

AilimaWaewomm asAhii

304

--4 S

4 ove soialoia n r

5 Increased labor influence on national

Vol Increased membership paric pation jiIn r

attabs of natlon4 labor organixationsp local unions and

a lasS SMmp ons of Goal Achievements Goal aches twl3 depend not only on the direct impact and

ofWtheW prjctipusbu h4940i Uv ls n economic- shy

and poUtal ollmste of each program country It is assumed Men W UaLptinq countries the development of democraticthe

Maittia (udnios) imoreases the probability of a more eSsitabl d1trLbution of wealth and a stronger labor movement AUL eune nore Luesco on the political economic and social

de~epetproe It is further aemmed that such peeiat willMaLU11w untos to operate indepefdently and

eame the 1vegmmets wr Political parties will ffectively wuvs or U6h0it Mo 1e4e Pmt of dementi~a unions nor

News

a minauth et w~ey o e

aiv~ko ~ ~ tk~

12

educational programs to heighten the effectiveness of labor

leadership and administration at all levels Other types of

assistance will include fostering social projects related to

labor organizations (eg credit unions consumer cooperatives

clinics community development etc) Another aspect of this

project is to strengthen communication and collaboration

between the free labor organizations of the various countries

and between them and the principal appropriate international

labor organizations-- the Inter-American Regional Organization

of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (ITS)

as well as the AFL-CIO itself Such associations will complement

other measures to enhance the stature of Latin American labor

organizations and to assist their progress toward free democratic

and responsible unionism

b Conditions Expected at End of Project (Targets)For each participating country

one (or more) national democratic labor confederation that has

competent leadership and adequate staff has an adequate operating

budget is financially self-sufficient provides a series of

services to its affiliates is located in its own national headshy

quarters periodically publishes a newspaper or newsletter is

governed in a democratic manner and is affiliated with and pays

dues to ORIT Targets for each country or sub-regional program

as well as growth in labor union membership income from dues

union financial strength and the number quality and coverage

of collective agreements are specified in the attached country

13

matrices (Annex one (1))

It should be clearly borne in mind however that attempts to measure such quantitative changes are difficult because available country data are often not available or reliable

Further growth may be stopped or even reversed at times because of unforeseen political factors which negate the best efforts of the contractor Therefore the EOPS targets as indicated in the attached country matrices vary considerably and may have to be changed from time to time In certain cases EOPS of longer than five years are indicated in other cases it has proved impossible to identify an EOPS date which appears realistic to all parties including the CT and AIDW Accordingly for overall purposes of the regional Project Paper five year approval of the regional labor program is requested in order to cover all AIFLD programs anticipated to be in operation during

the period FY 1977-1981

Hopefully a significant portion of the in-country activities of the project (eg operation of national training programs and social projects) will have been taken over by LA countries or international labor organizations by the time of final termination of AID funding to this project In some cases this may depend upon an increase in the income and staff of the principal appropriate international labor organizations--the

Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (=TS) so that they could

14

supplement the capacity of the less-developed labor movements

The same could also be said of the relationship between

stronger and weaker labor organizations within each country

Consequently a strengthening of ties (through increased

affiliations and dues contributions) between labor organizations

both nationally and internationally will be an important

condition precedent to the end of the AID-financed project

c Basic Assumptions The basic assumption

concerning design-of this project is that workers in the other

countries of the region can best be helped to achieve the goal

by an organization closely related to the labor movement in the

United States This assumption proceeds from matters of

feelings of fraternal solidaritytechnical expertise as well as

and was the underlying reason for making the American Institute

for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) the chosen instrument of

AID for this project Another important assumption is that

the governments of the several countries will continue to permit

AIFLD to operate within their jurisdictions and will honor

their international commitments favoring free labor organizations

3 Project Outputs

a Training courses will be given in the various

Latin American countries dealing with fundamental labor union

themes such as labor law and practice social security law and

practice collective bargaining and grievance procedures

parliamentary procedure and public speaking history of the

15

international labor union movement social theory labor union

accounting communications and public relations Such

courses are given at basic intermediate and specialized levels

Special courses are provided for agrarian rural workers

(compesinos) teachers and for members of cooperatives associated

with labor unions

Two hundred graduates of local courses come to the United

States annually for advanced training at the AIFLD center

at Front Royal Virginia Examples of such courses include

Techniques of Organizing

The role of Trade Union Women in Economic Development

Labor Relations amp Collective Bargaining

Collective Bargaining amp Research

Collective Bargaining amp Trade Union Rights

Adjustment to Automation

A specially selected group of 15-20 participants annually US

receives a specialuniversity level curriculum These partshy

icipants are elected or appointed union officials who are

currently at the policy making level This training is conshy

ducted in Spanish in the Washington DC area by professors

from the Consortium of DC area universities The courses

include subjects such as Survey of Basic Economics International

Relations Industrial Sociology Survey of Contemporary Latin

16

America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and

Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political

Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor

Relations in Latin America and individual research projects

AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali

Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists

to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD

provides technical assistance in management of credit unions

and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type

of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances

the prestige and attraction of free labor unions

b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed

in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic

intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services

for their members and organizational units established (education

social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for

local programs

c Important Output Assumptions

1 The ability of union leaders to

negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies

more effective union management based on AIFLD education of

union leadership

17

2 Union members will devote free time at

night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers

will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy

time courses

3 Trained instructors will be available to

conduct education programs

4 Project Inputs

a Kinds of Inputs

US Government

1 Funds for program and administrative

expenses

Logistic support (motor pool furniture2

duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the

country and EmbassyUSAID policy

Other Donors

1 Local logistic support (use of free

classroom space and instructors)

Funds for special project activities2

(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)

AIFLD private funds for special projects3

4 ITS private funds for shared staff and

program costs

5 Local funds for lost-time payments to

somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in

cases

18

US Government

Estimated costs of the program to the US

Government over the project period have been estimated on the

basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by

country and by time period the totals reveal an order of

magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows

1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ

60 52 44 55 14

The largest single element is comprised of

country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy

to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include

advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support

($15)

5 Analyses of Country Matrices

A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each

country regional and sub-regional program The indicators

selected are considered to be significantly better than previous

project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the

project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements

in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience

in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted

in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent

upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions

relative-to labor unions within each country

- 19 -

In examining the objectively verifiable indicators

used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards

goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress

in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of

unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number

and members so covered All eleven include indicators which

would show improvement in the economic position of members

through increased purchasing power of union members improvement

in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In

order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national

level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation

Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public

Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision

Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in

National Decision Making

In summary the currently planned End of Project Status

(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the

following dates

No Countries DATE (FY)

1 78

2 80

2 81

1 87

1 91

1 95 4 97

20

PART III

PROJECT ANALYSIS

A Technical Analysis

This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962

which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in

Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for

the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as

There is no alternate organization in the US which might

replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor

business and government and has developed staff organization

and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out

the Latin American Free Labor Development Program

Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the

carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to

labor education and social development activities throughout

the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other

support activities which have contributed to the existence and

effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of

Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser

The locales are classroomsextent social project development

and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in

only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current

technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program

objectives

21

Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy

country activities in the field will continue generally along

presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis

on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social

projects and a heavy component of participant training

Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program

proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents

(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are

finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the

US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites

Programs also vary in each country from time to time

depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the

part of the host governments and the local labor sector to

US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They

reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor

Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free

Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor

leaders

B bull Financial Analysis and Plan

The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current

year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for

complete details) The largest component of this total consists

of individual country programs which presently total 13

These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program

averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and

- 22 shy

$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate

a permanent in-country office including a resident US

representative The remainder consist of programs primarily

educational seminars and in some cases small social project

programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program

Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses

are in line with other AID contract representatives and could

not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of

allowances required by essentially all US citizens working

abroad

aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of

typical country program could be made only by eliminating the

US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two

reasons

1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its

financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)

which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with

labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country

where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis

to a large number of participants in educational programs who

are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy

ability

2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for

discussions of political matters with the Embassy which

frequently involve the use of classified information

-0 _11

Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a

nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis

However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt

AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in

the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where

designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning

purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that

It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish

that some will drop out but that others will be added so that

the total will remain roughly constant

which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work

to increase the average coat of in-country programs These

include

1 Inflation and

2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams

to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization

rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated

Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)

would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs

hold effects etc) 4444

- + ++ +

MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be

rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4

The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely

Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to

substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng

if + ++ if+ifif if

preussurea boen maintained to increase +

the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi

4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif

and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are

extremely limited in their resources They already contribute

in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM

However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are

reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future

- +

i

umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~

W9Um of tug

aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13

for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8

25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm

to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m

h1thfythgU V

amlo nf UWL mIam

Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000

toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse

toqeutioe sremI the

the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas

alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha

+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite

eeAbleof a mniut smestrat

+ ++++- + ++

- 22D -

Some country programs may drop out but others may be added

or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some

fashion since current staffing levels and administrative

costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated

It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset

the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at

this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response

by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe

the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and

81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time

23

C Social Analaysis

One of the major objectives of the program is to meet

the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life

with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of

economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components

of the labor force In order to realize progress certain

social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the

the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within

the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow

process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program

In many instances trade union organizations provide the

only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation

himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to

an improvement in his social well being The training of

leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly

with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with

small social impact projects provides the means whereby

attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to

the national level

It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity

labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining

economic and social benefits for their members This will be

reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work

and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will

- 24 shy

play in influencing the governments labor legislation and

its economic and social development programs Quantitative

data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained

in the country program matrices (eg membership social

services working conditions public influence governmental

relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases

but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with

any degree of validity

The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working

class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries

the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian

Union Development Services program which not only provides

for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the

development of cooperatives and the health field as well

The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis

participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of

women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal

pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs

During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses

included 16 women students while women students comprised

22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to

further improve this record

-- ---

- 25 -

One of the more important aspects of the program is that

it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a

significant number of low income people an opportunity to

seek improvement in their economic and social condition

through better representation and an opportunity to

participate in decisions affecting their working lives

D Economic Analysis

The nature of the labor develooment program as described

herein involves a mix of political social and economic

considerations and justifications It is difficult to

distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any

particular country at any given time let alone the region

as a whole

From the economic standzoint success in the project will

generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand

signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure

accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r

several of the country matries rcC_r _ns

will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments

but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level

which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable

reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues

payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations

and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the

- 26 shy

program and these too are not reliably reported Additional

amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE

obtained by the unions for their members and others through

collective bargaining but in this case we have the same

problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting

units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion

of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union

leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased

earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the

problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must

be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional

standpoint

- 27 -

PART IV

IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements

1 Recipient

The American Institute for Free Labor Development

(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this

project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the

the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to

the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director

directs the development and implementation of programs and has

responsibility for the overall operation of the organization

The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible

directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies

and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the

Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and

monitor these programs on a continuing basis

Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director

in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD

is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity

of the program in country

The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and

administers the educational activities of the Institute and in

particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the

University Program and for providing technical services to the

- 28 shy

various country education programs The Front Royal Institute

provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably

be offered in individual countries The University Labor

Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified

young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university

level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of

labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the

Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links

the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -

Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American

The Department of Social Projects assists in the development

of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives

community projects and where appropriate housing projects

workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing

the importance of making credit available for local labor

organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a

Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this

field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this

nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in

establishing credit programs for workers)

The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of

Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and

Information Services

- 29 -

AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated

in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It

received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that

time it has received continuing support from AID and has

developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it

to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and

presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry

out the program under consideration

2 AID

Management of the project is centered in the Labor

Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and

Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau

of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through

designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches

or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project

The design and implementation of each of the Country programs

is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department

of State

- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

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gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44

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7

PART II

A Background

This project is a follow-on effort to a project begun in

1962 From 1962 to FY 1973 labor programs in Latin American

countries were managed and funded by the USAIDs while US

training and AIFLD headquarters support operations were

managed and funded by AIDW

In FY 1973 all free labor development activities in the

region both US and in-country were combined into one

regional project The project is managed and funded by the

LA Bureau but maintains Country Team involvement in project

design analysis monitoring and evaluation

A comprehensive study of United States Labor Programs in

Latin America was conducted in 1975 by consultants Robert

Alexander and Henry Hammond Dr Alexander a university

professor is a recognized authority on Latin American organized

labor Henry Hammond is a retired Foreign Service Officer with

long experience as a Labor Attache in Latin America

The purpose of the study was to examine labor programs in

light of the significant political economic and social changes

which have occurred in Latin America since 1962 the beginning

of the Alliance for Progress The consultantsreport concluded

among other things

8

1 Aid to free trade unions or those aspiring to

be free conforms to the beliefs which hopefully are shared

by the great majority of our fellow citizens and support the

policy of our government These include a democratic

pluralistic society of relative equality of wealth of power of

social status (The United States Government is not alone in

supporting programs among others are the governments of West

Germany Sweden Netherlands and Great Britain as well as the

Soviet Union)

2 In certain Latin American countries problems may

arise in conducting labor programs due to local abuse of

traditional labor law or limitation on the right to strike

bargain collectively etc In such cases the role of AIFLD may

be

a To support those elementz in the labor

movement which under existing conditions are trying to maintain

something approaching a free labor movement or

b To train younger and 1cwer ranking labor

leaders so that when conditions improve they can renew

collective bargaining and the functiooning of trade union

democracy

3 Whether or not a labor program should be

maintained in a country which represses the free trade union

movement has to be the result of a Ualanced assessment of what

is to be gained and what is to be lost given the particular

c~rcumtances

~-~--- With WbtAWet IN~

represents at this tie the best IWutMxt to SZUy tie

AofWUnited ItprinoI~pa 9de

Latin AMexica Ibct aUM

9 Detailed 0escromL

The Latin Ameicn Mteebt LeR vpni

eseially a cnuiat aon -a rtelow baLSof IM m1 eS bestblihedin 142 with th eia ttate ftw rm

by us Labort PrtvaWte Mpts adi MS Vole OVWUSS AS

the present tise k=W Country SUaShesS are optatwu Iamp Is

L4 countries Zn the mS advanced tntiW hSIUU8 a$

traininq 40 perons per cycle an a mLdestia basts hir Le

to seven cycles Per yea at Tronst ToLVa i a speeI

moris is tiatnm 11-20 pet~aup 1wS LeUniversity amo wsimwashtngton through a mnsotim of ft

AZD has been tbe PuLIaPaL OOM Of tedS duttW U5 Pee

funia period and anears WL~y to tesl est at Ieasth

the near ftues The AZP ammil obuggtt sampe 6 f

$56 milon atae fT 103 reagia ftm aM 5ffOLWaU S iamp

173 toa lo ofV$1fliLUwi La 2f4s IS Iss rum~ ow

-n~i~ pc m ba bes bmb m ashy

omisendatUss of OfJaiLi Pa

A- shy

IV

subamlow~aa nal tatilo owbekieoo MgAm=uwAMvqomm4p

is~N Oleeuaas subampims Uw Pt

Mo asM1=0SMall mn 9 0

0w imf awtmLauli aatt

off foam umJAnwLfimiea

NoUw aMwFmpose toam senil

AilimaWaewomm asAhii

304

--4 S

4 ove soialoia n r

5 Increased labor influence on national

Vol Increased membership paric pation jiIn r

attabs of natlon4 labor organixationsp local unions and

a lasS SMmp ons of Goal Achievements Goal aches twl3 depend not only on the direct impact and

ofWtheW prjctipusbu h4940i Uv ls n economic- shy

and poUtal ollmste of each program country It is assumed Men W UaLptinq countries the development of democraticthe

Maittia (udnios) imoreases the probability of a more eSsitabl d1trLbution of wealth and a stronger labor movement AUL eune nore Luesco on the political economic and social

de~epetproe It is further aemmed that such peeiat willMaLU11w untos to operate indepefdently and

eame the 1vegmmets wr Political parties will ffectively wuvs or U6h0it Mo 1e4e Pmt of dementi~a unions nor

News

a minauth et w~ey o e

aiv~ko ~ ~ tk~

12

educational programs to heighten the effectiveness of labor

leadership and administration at all levels Other types of

assistance will include fostering social projects related to

labor organizations (eg credit unions consumer cooperatives

clinics community development etc) Another aspect of this

project is to strengthen communication and collaboration

between the free labor organizations of the various countries

and between them and the principal appropriate international

labor organizations-- the Inter-American Regional Organization

of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (ITS)

as well as the AFL-CIO itself Such associations will complement

other measures to enhance the stature of Latin American labor

organizations and to assist their progress toward free democratic

and responsible unionism

b Conditions Expected at End of Project (Targets)For each participating country

one (or more) national democratic labor confederation that has

competent leadership and adequate staff has an adequate operating

budget is financially self-sufficient provides a series of

services to its affiliates is located in its own national headshy

quarters periodically publishes a newspaper or newsletter is

governed in a democratic manner and is affiliated with and pays

dues to ORIT Targets for each country or sub-regional program

as well as growth in labor union membership income from dues

union financial strength and the number quality and coverage

of collective agreements are specified in the attached country

13

matrices (Annex one (1))

It should be clearly borne in mind however that attempts to measure such quantitative changes are difficult because available country data are often not available or reliable

Further growth may be stopped or even reversed at times because of unforeseen political factors which negate the best efforts of the contractor Therefore the EOPS targets as indicated in the attached country matrices vary considerably and may have to be changed from time to time In certain cases EOPS of longer than five years are indicated in other cases it has proved impossible to identify an EOPS date which appears realistic to all parties including the CT and AIDW Accordingly for overall purposes of the regional Project Paper five year approval of the regional labor program is requested in order to cover all AIFLD programs anticipated to be in operation during

the period FY 1977-1981

Hopefully a significant portion of the in-country activities of the project (eg operation of national training programs and social projects) will have been taken over by LA countries or international labor organizations by the time of final termination of AID funding to this project In some cases this may depend upon an increase in the income and staff of the principal appropriate international labor organizations--the

Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (=TS) so that they could

14

supplement the capacity of the less-developed labor movements

The same could also be said of the relationship between

stronger and weaker labor organizations within each country

Consequently a strengthening of ties (through increased

affiliations and dues contributions) between labor organizations

both nationally and internationally will be an important

condition precedent to the end of the AID-financed project

c Basic Assumptions The basic assumption

concerning design-of this project is that workers in the other

countries of the region can best be helped to achieve the goal

by an organization closely related to the labor movement in the

United States This assumption proceeds from matters of

feelings of fraternal solidaritytechnical expertise as well as

and was the underlying reason for making the American Institute

for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) the chosen instrument of

AID for this project Another important assumption is that

the governments of the several countries will continue to permit

AIFLD to operate within their jurisdictions and will honor

their international commitments favoring free labor organizations

3 Project Outputs

a Training courses will be given in the various

Latin American countries dealing with fundamental labor union

themes such as labor law and practice social security law and

practice collective bargaining and grievance procedures

parliamentary procedure and public speaking history of the

15

international labor union movement social theory labor union

accounting communications and public relations Such

courses are given at basic intermediate and specialized levels

Special courses are provided for agrarian rural workers

(compesinos) teachers and for members of cooperatives associated

with labor unions

Two hundred graduates of local courses come to the United

States annually for advanced training at the AIFLD center

at Front Royal Virginia Examples of such courses include

Techniques of Organizing

The role of Trade Union Women in Economic Development

Labor Relations amp Collective Bargaining

Collective Bargaining amp Research

Collective Bargaining amp Trade Union Rights

Adjustment to Automation

A specially selected group of 15-20 participants annually US

receives a specialuniversity level curriculum These partshy

icipants are elected or appointed union officials who are

currently at the policy making level This training is conshy

ducted in Spanish in the Washington DC area by professors

from the Consortium of DC area universities The courses

include subjects such as Survey of Basic Economics International

Relations Industrial Sociology Survey of Contemporary Latin

16

America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and

Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political

Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor

Relations in Latin America and individual research projects

AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali

Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists

to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD

provides technical assistance in management of credit unions

and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type

of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances

the prestige and attraction of free labor unions

b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed

in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic

intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services

for their members and organizational units established (education

social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for

local programs

c Important Output Assumptions

1 The ability of union leaders to

negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies

more effective union management based on AIFLD education of

union leadership

17

2 Union members will devote free time at

night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers

will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy

time courses

3 Trained instructors will be available to

conduct education programs

4 Project Inputs

a Kinds of Inputs

US Government

1 Funds for program and administrative

expenses

Logistic support (motor pool furniture2

duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the

country and EmbassyUSAID policy

Other Donors

1 Local logistic support (use of free

classroom space and instructors)

Funds for special project activities2

(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)

AIFLD private funds for special projects3

4 ITS private funds for shared staff and

program costs

5 Local funds for lost-time payments to

somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in

cases

18

US Government

Estimated costs of the program to the US

Government over the project period have been estimated on the

basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by

country and by time period the totals reveal an order of

magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows

1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ

60 52 44 55 14

The largest single element is comprised of

country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy

to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include

advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support

($15)

5 Analyses of Country Matrices

A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each

country regional and sub-regional program The indicators

selected are considered to be significantly better than previous

project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the

project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements

in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience

in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted

in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent

upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions

relative-to labor unions within each country

- 19 -

In examining the objectively verifiable indicators

used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards

goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress

in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of

unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number

and members so covered All eleven include indicators which

would show improvement in the economic position of members

through increased purchasing power of union members improvement

in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In

order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national

level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation

Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public

Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision

Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in

National Decision Making

In summary the currently planned End of Project Status

(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the

following dates

No Countries DATE (FY)

1 78

2 80

2 81

1 87

1 91

1 95 4 97

20

PART III

PROJECT ANALYSIS

A Technical Analysis

This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962

which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in

Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for

the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as

There is no alternate organization in the US which might

replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor

business and government and has developed staff organization

and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out

the Latin American Free Labor Development Program

Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the

carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to

labor education and social development activities throughout

the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other

support activities which have contributed to the existence and

effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of

Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser

The locales are classroomsextent social project development

and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in

only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current

technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program

objectives

21

Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy

country activities in the field will continue generally along

presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis

on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social

projects and a heavy component of participant training

Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program

proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents

(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are

finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the

US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites

Programs also vary in each country from time to time

depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the

part of the host governments and the local labor sector to

US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They

reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor

Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free

Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor

leaders

B bull Financial Analysis and Plan

The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current

year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for

complete details) The largest component of this total consists

of individual country programs which presently total 13

These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program

averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and

- 22 shy

$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate

a permanent in-country office including a resident US

representative The remainder consist of programs primarily

educational seminars and in some cases small social project

programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program

Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses

are in line with other AID contract representatives and could

not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of

allowances required by essentially all US citizens working

abroad

aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of

typical country program could be made only by eliminating the

US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two

reasons

1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its

financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)

which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with

labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country

where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis

to a large number of participants in educational programs who

are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy

ability

2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for

discussions of political matters with the Embassy which

frequently involve the use of classified information

-0 _11

Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a

nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis

However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt

AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in

the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where

designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning

purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that

It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish

that some will drop out but that others will be added so that

the total will remain roughly constant

which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work

to increase the average coat of in-country programs These

include

1 Inflation and

2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams

to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization

rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated

Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)

would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs

hold effects etc) 4444

- + ++ +

MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be

rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4

The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely

Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to

substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng

if + ++ if+ifif if

preussurea boen maintained to increase +

the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi

4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif

and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are

extremely limited in their resources They already contribute

in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM

However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are

reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future

- +

i

umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~

W9Um of tug

aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13

for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8

25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm

to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m

h1thfythgU V

amlo nf UWL mIam

Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000

toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse

toqeutioe sremI the

the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas

alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha

+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite

eeAbleof a mniut smestrat

+ ++++- + ++

- 22D -

Some country programs may drop out but others may be added

or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some

fashion since current staffing levels and administrative

costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated

It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset

the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at

this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response

by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe

the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and

81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time

23

C Social Analaysis

One of the major objectives of the program is to meet

the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life

with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of

economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components

of the labor force In order to realize progress certain

social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the

the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within

the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow

process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program

In many instances trade union organizations provide the

only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation

himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to

an improvement in his social well being The training of

leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly

with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with

small social impact projects provides the means whereby

attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to

the national level

It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity

labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining

economic and social benefits for their members This will be

reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work

and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will

- 24 shy

play in influencing the governments labor legislation and

its economic and social development programs Quantitative

data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained

in the country program matrices (eg membership social

services working conditions public influence governmental

relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases

but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with

any degree of validity

The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working

class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries

the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian

Union Development Services program which not only provides

for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the

development of cooperatives and the health field as well

The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis

participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of

women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal

pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs

During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses

included 16 women students while women students comprised

22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to

further improve this record

-- ---

- 25 -

One of the more important aspects of the program is that

it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a

significant number of low income people an opportunity to

seek improvement in their economic and social condition

through better representation and an opportunity to

participate in decisions affecting their working lives

D Economic Analysis

The nature of the labor develooment program as described

herein involves a mix of political social and economic

considerations and justifications It is difficult to

distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any

particular country at any given time let alone the region

as a whole

From the economic standzoint success in the project will

generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand

signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure

accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r

several of the country matries rcC_r _ns

will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments

but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level

which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable

reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues

payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations

and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the

- 26 shy

program and these too are not reliably reported Additional

amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE

obtained by the unions for their members and others through

collective bargaining but in this case we have the same

problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting

units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion

of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union

leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased

earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the

problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must

be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional

standpoint

- 27 -

PART IV

IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements

1 Recipient

The American Institute for Free Labor Development

(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this

project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the

the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to

the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director

directs the development and implementation of programs and has

responsibility for the overall operation of the organization

The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible

directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies

and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the

Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and

monitor these programs on a continuing basis

Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director

in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD

is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity

of the program in country

The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and

administers the educational activities of the Institute and in

particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the

University Program and for providing technical services to the

- 28 shy

various country education programs The Front Royal Institute

provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably

be offered in individual countries The University Labor

Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified

young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university

level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of

labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the

Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links

the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -

Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American

The Department of Social Projects assists in the development

of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives

community projects and where appropriate housing projects

workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing

the importance of making credit available for local labor

organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a

Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this

field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this

nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in

establishing credit programs for workers)

The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of

Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and

Information Services

- 29 -

AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated

in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It

received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that

time it has received continuing support from AID and has

developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it

to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and

presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry

out the program under consideration

2 AID

Management of the project is centered in the Labor

Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and

Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau

of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through

designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches

or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project

The design and implementation of each of the Country programs

is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department

of State

- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

7P -111 - L

gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44

444444+ 444444444444

4444444444 44444444gt444

O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy

lt4444

L4

uC4

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0

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u A44

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8

1 Aid to free trade unions or those aspiring to

be free conforms to the beliefs which hopefully are shared

by the great majority of our fellow citizens and support the

policy of our government These include a democratic

pluralistic society of relative equality of wealth of power of

social status (The United States Government is not alone in

supporting programs among others are the governments of West

Germany Sweden Netherlands and Great Britain as well as the

Soviet Union)

2 In certain Latin American countries problems may

arise in conducting labor programs due to local abuse of

traditional labor law or limitation on the right to strike

bargain collectively etc In such cases the role of AIFLD may

be

a To support those elementz in the labor

movement which under existing conditions are trying to maintain

something approaching a free labor movement or

b To train younger and 1cwer ranking labor

leaders so that when conditions improve they can renew

collective bargaining and the functiooning of trade union

democracy

3 Whether or not a labor program should be

maintained in a country which represses the free trade union

movement has to be the result of a Ualanced assessment of what

is to be gained and what is to be lost given the particular

c~rcumtances

~-~--- With WbtAWet IN~

represents at this tie the best IWutMxt to SZUy tie

AofWUnited ItprinoI~pa 9de

Latin AMexica Ibct aUM

9 Detailed 0escromL

The Latin Ameicn Mteebt LeR vpni

eseially a cnuiat aon -a rtelow baLSof IM m1 eS bestblihedin 142 with th eia ttate ftw rm

by us Labort PrtvaWte Mpts adi MS Vole OVWUSS AS

the present tise k=W Country SUaShesS are optatwu Iamp Is

L4 countries Zn the mS advanced tntiW hSIUU8 a$

traininq 40 perons per cycle an a mLdestia basts hir Le

to seven cycles Per yea at Tronst ToLVa i a speeI

moris is tiatnm 11-20 pet~aup 1wS LeUniversity amo wsimwashtngton through a mnsotim of ft

AZD has been tbe PuLIaPaL OOM Of tedS duttW U5 Pee

funia period and anears WL~y to tesl est at Ieasth

the near ftues The AZP ammil obuggtt sampe 6 f

$56 milon atae fT 103 reagia ftm aM 5ffOLWaU S iamp

173 toa lo ofV$1fliLUwi La 2f4s IS Iss rum~ ow

-n~i~ pc m ba bes bmb m ashy

omisendatUss of OfJaiLi Pa

A- shy

IV

subamlow~aa nal tatilo owbekieoo MgAm=uwAMvqomm4p

is~N Oleeuaas subampims Uw Pt

Mo asM1=0SMall mn 9 0

0w imf awtmLauli aatt

off foam umJAnwLfimiea

NoUw aMwFmpose toam senil

AilimaWaewomm asAhii

304

--4 S

4 ove soialoia n r

5 Increased labor influence on national

Vol Increased membership paric pation jiIn r

attabs of natlon4 labor organixationsp local unions and

a lasS SMmp ons of Goal Achievements Goal aches twl3 depend not only on the direct impact and

ofWtheW prjctipusbu h4940i Uv ls n economic- shy

and poUtal ollmste of each program country It is assumed Men W UaLptinq countries the development of democraticthe

Maittia (udnios) imoreases the probability of a more eSsitabl d1trLbution of wealth and a stronger labor movement AUL eune nore Luesco on the political economic and social

de~epetproe It is further aemmed that such peeiat willMaLU11w untos to operate indepefdently and

eame the 1vegmmets wr Political parties will ffectively wuvs or U6h0it Mo 1e4e Pmt of dementi~a unions nor

News

a minauth et w~ey o e

aiv~ko ~ ~ tk~

12

educational programs to heighten the effectiveness of labor

leadership and administration at all levels Other types of

assistance will include fostering social projects related to

labor organizations (eg credit unions consumer cooperatives

clinics community development etc) Another aspect of this

project is to strengthen communication and collaboration

between the free labor organizations of the various countries

and between them and the principal appropriate international

labor organizations-- the Inter-American Regional Organization

of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (ITS)

as well as the AFL-CIO itself Such associations will complement

other measures to enhance the stature of Latin American labor

organizations and to assist their progress toward free democratic

and responsible unionism

b Conditions Expected at End of Project (Targets)For each participating country

one (or more) national democratic labor confederation that has

competent leadership and adequate staff has an adequate operating

budget is financially self-sufficient provides a series of

services to its affiliates is located in its own national headshy

quarters periodically publishes a newspaper or newsletter is

governed in a democratic manner and is affiliated with and pays

dues to ORIT Targets for each country or sub-regional program

as well as growth in labor union membership income from dues

union financial strength and the number quality and coverage

of collective agreements are specified in the attached country

13

matrices (Annex one (1))

It should be clearly borne in mind however that attempts to measure such quantitative changes are difficult because available country data are often not available or reliable

Further growth may be stopped or even reversed at times because of unforeseen political factors which negate the best efforts of the contractor Therefore the EOPS targets as indicated in the attached country matrices vary considerably and may have to be changed from time to time In certain cases EOPS of longer than five years are indicated in other cases it has proved impossible to identify an EOPS date which appears realistic to all parties including the CT and AIDW Accordingly for overall purposes of the regional Project Paper five year approval of the regional labor program is requested in order to cover all AIFLD programs anticipated to be in operation during

the period FY 1977-1981

Hopefully a significant portion of the in-country activities of the project (eg operation of national training programs and social projects) will have been taken over by LA countries or international labor organizations by the time of final termination of AID funding to this project In some cases this may depend upon an increase in the income and staff of the principal appropriate international labor organizations--the

Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (=TS) so that they could

14

supplement the capacity of the less-developed labor movements

The same could also be said of the relationship between

stronger and weaker labor organizations within each country

Consequently a strengthening of ties (through increased

affiliations and dues contributions) between labor organizations

both nationally and internationally will be an important

condition precedent to the end of the AID-financed project

c Basic Assumptions The basic assumption

concerning design-of this project is that workers in the other

countries of the region can best be helped to achieve the goal

by an organization closely related to the labor movement in the

United States This assumption proceeds from matters of

feelings of fraternal solidaritytechnical expertise as well as

and was the underlying reason for making the American Institute

for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) the chosen instrument of

AID for this project Another important assumption is that

the governments of the several countries will continue to permit

AIFLD to operate within their jurisdictions and will honor

their international commitments favoring free labor organizations

3 Project Outputs

a Training courses will be given in the various

Latin American countries dealing with fundamental labor union

themes such as labor law and practice social security law and

practice collective bargaining and grievance procedures

parliamentary procedure and public speaking history of the

15

international labor union movement social theory labor union

accounting communications and public relations Such

courses are given at basic intermediate and specialized levels

Special courses are provided for agrarian rural workers

(compesinos) teachers and for members of cooperatives associated

with labor unions

Two hundred graduates of local courses come to the United

States annually for advanced training at the AIFLD center

at Front Royal Virginia Examples of such courses include

Techniques of Organizing

The role of Trade Union Women in Economic Development

Labor Relations amp Collective Bargaining

Collective Bargaining amp Research

Collective Bargaining amp Trade Union Rights

Adjustment to Automation

A specially selected group of 15-20 participants annually US

receives a specialuniversity level curriculum These partshy

icipants are elected or appointed union officials who are

currently at the policy making level This training is conshy

ducted in Spanish in the Washington DC area by professors

from the Consortium of DC area universities The courses

include subjects such as Survey of Basic Economics International

Relations Industrial Sociology Survey of Contemporary Latin

16

America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and

Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political

Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor

Relations in Latin America and individual research projects

AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali

Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists

to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD

provides technical assistance in management of credit unions

and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type

of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances

the prestige and attraction of free labor unions

b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed

in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic

intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services

for their members and organizational units established (education

social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for

local programs

c Important Output Assumptions

1 The ability of union leaders to

negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies

more effective union management based on AIFLD education of

union leadership

17

2 Union members will devote free time at

night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers

will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy

time courses

3 Trained instructors will be available to

conduct education programs

4 Project Inputs

a Kinds of Inputs

US Government

1 Funds for program and administrative

expenses

Logistic support (motor pool furniture2

duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the

country and EmbassyUSAID policy

Other Donors

1 Local logistic support (use of free

classroom space and instructors)

Funds for special project activities2

(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)

AIFLD private funds for special projects3

4 ITS private funds for shared staff and

program costs

5 Local funds for lost-time payments to

somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in

cases

18

US Government

Estimated costs of the program to the US

Government over the project period have been estimated on the

basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by

country and by time period the totals reveal an order of

magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows

1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ

60 52 44 55 14

The largest single element is comprised of

country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy

to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include

advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support

($15)

5 Analyses of Country Matrices

A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each

country regional and sub-regional program The indicators

selected are considered to be significantly better than previous

project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the

project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements

in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience

in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted

in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent

upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions

relative-to labor unions within each country

- 19 -

In examining the objectively verifiable indicators

used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards

goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress

in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of

unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number

and members so covered All eleven include indicators which

would show improvement in the economic position of members

through increased purchasing power of union members improvement

in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In

order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national

level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation

Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public

Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision

Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in

National Decision Making

In summary the currently planned End of Project Status

(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the

following dates

No Countries DATE (FY)

1 78

2 80

2 81

1 87

1 91

1 95 4 97

20

PART III

PROJECT ANALYSIS

A Technical Analysis

This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962

which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in

Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for

the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as

There is no alternate organization in the US which might

replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor

business and government and has developed staff organization

and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out

the Latin American Free Labor Development Program

Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the

carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to

labor education and social development activities throughout

the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other

support activities which have contributed to the existence and

effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of

Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser

The locales are classroomsextent social project development

and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in

only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current

technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program

objectives

21

Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy

country activities in the field will continue generally along

presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis

on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social

projects and a heavy component of participant training

Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program

proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents

(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are

finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the

US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites

Programs also vary in each country from time to time

depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the

part of the host governments and the local labor sector to

US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They

reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor

Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free

Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor

leaders

B bull Financial Analysis and Plan

The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current

year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for

complete details) The largest component of this total consists

of individual country programs which presently total 13

These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program

averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and

- 22 shy

$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate

a permanent in-country office including a resident US

representative The remainder consist of programs primarily

educational seminars and in some cases small social project

programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program

Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses

are in line with other AID contract representatives and could

not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of

allowances required by essentially all US citizens working

abroad

aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of

typical country program could be made only by eliminating the

US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two

reasons

1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its

financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)

which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with

labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country

where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis

to a large number of participants in educational programs who

are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy

ability

2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for

discussions of political matters with the Embassy which

frequently involve the use of classified information

-0 _11

Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a

nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis

However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt

AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in

the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where

designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning

purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that

It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish

that some will drop out but that others will be added so that

the total will remain roughly constant

which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work

to increase the average coat of in-country programs These

include

1 Inflation and

2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams

to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization

rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated

Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)

would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs

hold effects etc) 4444

- + ++ +

MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be

rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4

The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely

Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to

substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng

if + ++ if+ifif if

preussurea boen maintained to increase +

the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi

4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif

and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are

extremely limited in their resources They already contribute

in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM

However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are

reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future

- +

i

umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~

W9Um of tug

aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13

for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8

25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm

to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m

h1thfythgU V

amlo nf UWL mIam

Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000

toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse

toqeutioe sremI the

the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas

alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha

+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite

eeAbleof a mniut smestrat

+ ++++- + ++

- 22D -

Some country programs may drop out but others may be added

or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some

fashion since current staffing levels and administrative

costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated

It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset

the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at

this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response

by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe

the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and

81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time

23

C Social Analaysis

One of the major objectives of the program is to meet

the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life

with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of

economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components

of the labor force In order to realize progress certain

social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the

the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within

the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow

process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program

In many instances trade union organizations provide the

only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation

himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to

an improvement in his social well being The training of

leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly

with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with

small social impact projects provides the means whereby

attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to

the national level

It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity

labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining

economic and social benefits for their members This will be

reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work

and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will

- 24 shy

play in influencing the governments labor legislation and

its economic and social development programs Quantitative

data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained

in the country program matrices (eg membership social

services working conditions public influence governmental

relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases

but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with

any degree of validity

The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working

class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries

the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian

Union Development Services program which not only provides

for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the

development of cooperatives and the health field as well

The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis

participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of

women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal

pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs

During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses

included 16 women students while women students comprised

22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to

further improve this record

-- ---

- 25 -

One of the more important aspects of the program is that

it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a

significant number of low income people an opportunity to

seek improvement in their economic and social condition

through better representation and an opportunity to

participate in decisions affecting their working lives

D Economic Analysis

The nature of the labor develooment program as described

herein involves a mix of political social and economic

considerations and justifications It is difficult to

distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any

particular country at any given time let alone the region

as a whole

From the economic standzoint success in the project will

generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand

signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure

accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r

several of the country matries rcC_r _ns

will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments

but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level

which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable

reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues

payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations

and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the

- 26 shy

program and these too are not reliably reported Additional

amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE

obtained by the unions for their members and others through

collective bargaining but in this case we have the same

problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting

units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion

of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union

leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased

earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the

problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must

be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional

standpoint

- 27 -

PART IV

IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements

1 Recipient

The American Institute for Free Labor Development

(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this

project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the

the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to

the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director

directs the development and implementation of programs and has

responsibility for the overall operation of the organization

The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible

directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies

and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the

Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and

monitor these programs on a continuing basis

Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director

in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD

is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity

of the program in country

The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and

administers the educational activities of the Institute and in

particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the

University Program and for providing technical services to the

- 28 shy

various country education programs The Front Royal Institute

provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably

be offered in individual countries The University Labor

Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified

young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university

level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of

labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the

Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links

the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -

Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American

The Department of Social Projects assists in the development

of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives

community projects and where appropriate housing projects

workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing

the importance of making credit available for local labor

organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a

Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this

field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this

nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in

establishing credit programs for workers)

The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of

Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and

Information Services

- 29 -

AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated

in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It

received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that

time it has received continuing support from AID and has

developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it

to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and

presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry

out the program under consideration

2 AID

Management of the project is centered in the Labor

Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and

Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau

of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through

designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches

or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project

The design and implementation of each of the Country programs

is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department

of State

- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

7P -111 - L

gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44

444444+ 444444444444

4444444444 44444444gt444

O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy

lt4444

L4

uC4

S0

0

0 0

9i0IC)

04J

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u A44

044J~4

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00 W

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c~rcumtances

~-~--- With WbtAWet IN~

represents at this tie the best IWutMxt to SZUy tie

AofWUnited ItprinoI~pa 9de

Latin AMexica Ibct aUM

9 Detailed 0escromL

The Latin Ameicn Mteebt LeR vpni

eseially a cnuiat aon -a rtelow baLSof IM m1 eS bestblihedin 142 with th eia ttate ftw rm

by us Labort PrtvaWte Mpts adi MS Vole OVWUSS AS

the present tise k=W Country SUaShesS are optatwu Iamp Is

L4 countries Zn the mS advanced tntiW hSIUU8 a$

traininq 40 perons per cycle an a mLdestia basts hir Le

to seven cycles Per yea at Tronst ToLVa i a speeI

moris is tiatnm 11-20 pet~aup 1wS LeUniversity amo wsimwashtngton through a mnsotim of ft

AZD has been tbe PuLIaPaL OOM Of tedS duttW U5 Pee

funia period and anears WL~y to tesl est at Ieasth

the near ftues The AZP ammil obuggtt sampe 6 f

$56 milon atae fT 103 reagia ftm aM 5ffOLWaU S iamp

173 toa lo ofV$1fliLUwi La 2f4s IS Iss rum~ ow

-n~i~ pc m ba bes bmb m ashy

omisendatUss of OfJaiLi Pa

A- shy

IV

subamlow~aa nal tatilo owbekieoo MgAm=uwAMvqomm4p

is~N Oleeuaas subampims Uw Pt

Mo asM1=0SMall mn 9 0

0w imf awtmLauli aatt

off foam umJAnwLfimiea

NoUw aMwFmpose toam senil

AilimaWaewomm asAhii

304

--4 S

4 ove soialoia n r

5 Increased labor influence on national

Vol Increased membership paric pation jiIn r

attabs of natlon4 labor organixationsp local unions and

a lasS SMmp ons of Goal Achievements Goal aches twl3 depend not only on the direct impact and

ofWtheW prjctipusbu h4940i Uv ls n economic- shy

and poUtal ollmste of each program country It is assumed Men W UaLptinq countries the development of democraticthe

Maittia (udnios) imoreases the probability of a more eSsitabl d1trLbution of wealth and a stronger labor movement AUL eune nore Luesco on the political economic and social

de~epetproe It is further aemmed that such peeiat willMaLU11w untos to operate indepefdently and

eame the 1vegmmets wr Political parties will ffectively wuvs or U6h0it Mo 1e4e Pmt of dementi~a unions nor

News

a minauth et w~ey o e

aiv~ko ~ ~ tk~

12

educational programs to heighten the effectiveness of labor

leadership and administration at all levels Other types of

assistance will include fostering social projects related to

labor organizations (eg credit unions consumer cooperatives

clinics community development etc) Another aspect of this

project is to strengthen communication and collaboration

between the free labor organizations of the various countries

and between them and the principal appropriate international

labor organizations-- the Inter-American Regional Organization

of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (ITS)

as well as the AFL-CIO itself Such associations will complement

other measures to enhance the stature of Latin American labor

organizations and to assist their progress toward free democratic

and responsible unionism

b Conditions Expected at End of Project (Targets)For each participating country

one (or more) national democratic labor confederation that has

competent leadership and adequate staff has an adequate operating

budget is financially self-sufficient provides a series of

services to its affiliates is located in its own national headshy

quarters periodically publishes a newspaper or newsletter is

governed in a democratic manner and is affiliated with and pays

dues to ORIT Targets for each country or sub-regional program

as well as growth in labor union membership income from dues

union financial strength and the number quality and coverage

of collective agreements are specified in the attached country

13

matrices (Annex one (1))

It should be clearly borne in mind however that attempts to measure such quantitative changes are difficult because available country data are often not available or reliable

Further growth may be stopped or even reversed at times because of unforeseen political factors which negate the best efforts of the contractor Therefore the EOPS targets as indicated in the attached country matrices vary considerably and may have to be changed from time to time In certain cases EOPS of longer than five years are indicated in other cases it has proved impossible to identify an EOPS date which appears realistic to all parties including the CT and AIDW Accordingly for overall purposes of the regional Project Paper five year approval of the regional labor program is requested in order to cover all AIFLD programs anticipated to be in operation during

the period FY 1977-1981

Hopefully a significant portion of the in-country activities of the project (eg operation of national training programs and social projects) will have been taken over by LA countries or international labor organizations by the time of final termination of AID funding to this project In some cases this may depend upon an increase in the income and staff of the principal appropriate international labor organizations--the

Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (=TS) so that they could

14

supplement the capacity of the less-developed labor movements

The same could also be said of the relationship between

stronger and weaker labor organizations within each country

Consequently a strengthening of ties (through increased

affiliations and dues contributions) between labor organizations

both nationally and internationally will be an important

condition precedent to the end of the AID-financed project

c Basic Assumptions The basic assumption

concerning design-of this project is that workers in the other

countries of the region can best be helped to achieve the goal

by an organization closely related to the labor movement in the

United States This assumption proceeds from matters of

feelings of fraternal solidaritytechnical expertise as well as

and was the underlying reason for making the American Institute

for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) the chosen instrument of

AID for this project Another important assumption is that

the governments of the several countries will continue to permit

AIFLD to operate within their jurisdictions and will honor

their international commitments favoring free labor organizations

3 Project Outputs

a Training courses will be given in the various

Latin American countries dealing with fundamental labor union

themes such as labor law and practice social security law and

practice collective bargaining and grievance procedures

parliamentary procedure and public speaking history of the

15

international labor union movement social theory labor union

accounting communications and public relations Such

courses are given at basic intermediate and specialized levels

Special courses are provided for agrarian rural workers

(compesinos) teachers and for members of cooperatives associated

with labor unions

Two hundred graduates of local courses come to the United

States annually for advanced training at the AIFLD center

at Front Royal Virginia Examples of such courses include

Techniques of Organizing

The role of Trade Union Women in Economic Development

Labor Relations amp Collective Bargaining

Collective Bargaining amp Research

Collective Bargaining amp Trade Union Rights

Adjustment to Automation

A specially selected group of 15-20 participants annually US

receives a specialuniversity level curriculum These partshy

icipants are elected or appointed union officials who are

currently at the policy making level This training is conshy

ducted in Spanish in the Washington DC area by professors

from the Consortium of DC area universities The courses

include subjects such as Survey of Basic Economics International

Relations Industrial Sociology Survey of Contemporary Latin

16

America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and

Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political

Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor

Relations in Latin America and individual research projects

AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali

Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists

to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD

provides technical assistance in management of credit unions

and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type

of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances

the prestige and attraction of free labor unions

b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed

in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic

intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services

for their members and organizational units established (education

social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for

local programs

c Important Output Assumptions

1 The ability of union leaders to

negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies

more effective union management based on AIFLD education of

union leadership

17

2 Union members will devote free time at

night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers

will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy

time courses

3 Trained instructors will be available to

conduct education programs

4 Project Inputs

a Kinds of Inputs

US Government

1 Funds for program and administrative

expenses

Logistic support (motor pool furniture2

duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the

country and EmbassyUSAID policy

Other Donors

1 Local logistic support (use of free

classroom space and instructors)

Funds for special project activities2

(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)

AIFLD private funds for special projects3

4 ITS private funds for shared staff and

program costs

5 Local funds for lost-time payments to

somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in

cases

18

US Government

Estimated costs of the program to the US

Government over the project period have been estimated on the

basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by

country and by time period the totals reveal an order of

magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows

1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ

60 52 44 55 14

The largest single element is comprised of

country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy

to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include

advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support

($15)

5 Analyses of Country Matrices

A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each

country regional and sub-regional program The indicators

selected are considered to be significantly better than previous

project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the

project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements

in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience

in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted

in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent

upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions

relative-to labor unions within each country

- 19 -

In examining the objectively verifiable indicators

used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards

goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress

in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of

unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number

and members so covered All eleven include indicators which

would show improvement in the economic position of members

through increased purchasing power of union members improvement

in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In

order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national

level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation

Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public

Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision

Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in

National Decision Making

In summary the currently planned End of Project Status

(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the

following dates

No Countries DATE (FY)

1 78

2 80

2 81

1 87

1 91

1 95 4 97

20

PART III

PROJECT ANALYSIS

A Technical Analysis

This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962

which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in

Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for

the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as

There is no alternate organization in the US which might

replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor

business and government and has developed staff organization

and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out

the Latin American Free Labor Development Program

Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the

carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to

labor education and social development activities throughout

the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other

support activities which have contributed to the existence and

effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of

Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser

The locales are classroomsextent social project development

and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in

only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current

technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program

objectives

21

Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy

country activities in the field will continue generally along

presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis

on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social

projects and a heavy component of participant training

Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program

proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents

(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are

finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the

US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites

Programs also vary in each country from time to time

depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the

part of the host governments and the local labor sector to

US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They

reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor

Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free

Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor

leaders

B bull Financial Analysis and Plan

The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current

year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for

complete details) The largest component of this total consists

of individual country programs which presently total 13

These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program

averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and

- 22 shy

$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate

a permanent in-country office including a resident US

representative The remainder consist of programs primarily

educational seminars and in some cases small social project

programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program

Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses

are in line with other AID contract representatives and could

not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of

allowances required by essentially all US citizens working

abroad

aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of

typical country program could be made only by eliminating the

US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two

reasons

1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its

financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)

which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with

labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country

where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis

to a large number of participants in educational programs who

are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy

ability

2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for

discussions of political matters with the Embassy which

frequently involve the use of classified information

-0 _11

Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a

nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis

However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt

AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in

the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where

designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning

purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that

It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish

that some will drop out but that others will be added so that

the total will remain roughly constant

which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work

to increase the average coat of in-country programs These

include

1 Inflation and

2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams

to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization

rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated

Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)

would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs

hold effects etc) 4444

- + ++ +

MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be

rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4

The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely

Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to

substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng

if + ++ if+ifif if

preussurea boen maintained to increase +

the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi

4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif

and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are

extremely limited in their resources They already contribute

in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM

However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are

reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future

- +

i

umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~

W9Um of tug

aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13

for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8

25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm

to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m

h1thfythgU V

amlo nf UWL mIam

Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000

toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse

toqeutioe sremI the

the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas

alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha

+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite

eeAbleof a mniut smestrat

+ ++++- + ++

- 22D -

Some country programs may drop out but others may be added

or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some

fashion since current staffing levels and administrative

costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated

It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset

the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at

this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response

by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe

the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and

81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time

23

C Social Analaysis

One of the major objectives of the program is to meet

the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life

with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of

economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components

of the labor force In order to realize progress certain

social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the

the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within

the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow

process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program

In many instances trade union organizations provide the

only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation

himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to

an improvement in his social well being The training of

leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly

with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with

small social impact projects provides the means whereby

attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to

the national level

It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity

labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining

economic and social benefits for their members This will be

reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work

and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will

- 24 shy

play in influencing the governments labor legislation and

its economic and social development programs Quantitative

data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained

in the country program matrices (eg membership social

services working conditions public influence governmental

relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases

but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with

any degree of validity

The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working

class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries

the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian

Union Development Services program which not only provides

for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the

development of cooperatives and the health field as well

The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis

participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of

women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal

pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs

During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses

included 16 women students while women students comprised

22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to

further improve this record

-- ---

- 25 -

One of the more important aspects of the program is that

it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a

significant number of low income people an opportunity to

seek improvement in their economic and social condition

through better representation and an opportunity to

participate in decisions affecting their working lives

D Economic Analysis

The nature of the labor develooment program as described

herein involves a mix of political social and economic

considerations and justifications It is difficult to

distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any

particular country at any given time let alone the region

as a whole

From the economic standzoint success in the project will

generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand

signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure

accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r

several of the country matries rcC_r _ns

will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments

but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level

which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable

reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues

payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations

and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the

- 26 shy

program and these too are not reliably reported Additional

amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE

obtained by the unions for their members and others through

collective bargaining but in this case we have the same

problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting

units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion

of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union

leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased

earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the

problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must

be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional

standpoint

- 27 -

PART IV

IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements

1 Recipient

The American Institute for Free Labor Development

(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this

project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the

the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to

the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director

directs the development and implementation of programs and has

responsibility for the overall operation of the organization

The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible

directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies

and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the

Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and

monitor these programs on a continuing basis

Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director

in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD

is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity

of the program in country

The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and

administers the educational activities of the Institute and in

particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the

University Program and for providing technical services to the

- 28 shy

various country education programs The Front Royal Institute

provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably

be offered in individual countries The University Labor

Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified

young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university

level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of

labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the

Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links

the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -

Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American

The Department of Social Projects assists in the development

of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives

community projects and where appropriate housing projects

workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing

the importance of making credit available for local labor

organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a

Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this

field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this

nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in

establishing credit programs for workers)

The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of

Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and

Information Services

- 29 -

AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated

in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It

received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that

time it has received continuing support from AID and has

developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it

to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and

presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry

out the program under consideration

2 AID

Management of the project is centered in the Labor

Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and

Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau

of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through

designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches

or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project

The design and implementation of each of the Country programs

is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department

of State

- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

7P -111 - L

gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44

444444+ 444444444444

4444444444 44444444gt444

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304

--4 S

4 ove soialoia n r

5 Increased labor influence on national

Vol Increased membership paric pation jiIn r

attabs of natlon4 labor organixationsp local unions and

a lasS SMmp ons of Goal Achievements Goal aches twl3 depend not only on the direct impact and

ofWtheW prjctipusbu h4940i Uv ls n economic- shy

and poUtal ollmste of each program country It is assumed Men W UaLptinq countries the development of democraticthe

Maittia (udnios) imoreases the probability of a more eSsitabl d1trLbution of wealth and a stronger labor movement AUL eune nore Luesco on the political economic and social

de~epetproe It is further aemmed that such peeiat willMaLU11w untos to operate indepefdently and

eame the 1vegmmets wr Political parties will ffectively wuvs or U6h0it Mo 1e4e Pmt of dementi~a unions nor

News

a minauth et w~ey o e

aiv~ko ~ ~ tk~

12

educational programs to heighten the effectiveness of labor

leadership and administration at all levels Other types of

assistance will include fostering social projects related to

labor organizations (eg credit unions consumer cooperatives

clinics community development etc) Another aspect of this

project is to strengthen communication and collaboration

between the free labor organizations of the various countries

and between them and the principal appropriate international

labor organizations-- the Inter-American Regional Organization

of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (ITS)

as well as the AFL-CIO itself Such associations will complement

other measures to enhance the stature of Latin American labor

organizations and to assist their progress toward free democratic

and responsible unionism

b Conditions Expected at End of Project (Targets)For each participating country

one (or more) national democratic labor confederation that has

competent leadership and adequate staff has an adequate operating

budget is financially self-sufficient provides a series of

services to its affiliates is located in its own national headshy

quarters periodically publishes a newspaper or newsletter is

governed in a democratic manner and is affiliated with and pays

dues to ORIT Targets for each country or sub-regional program

as well as growth in labor union membership income from dues

union financial strength and the number quality and coverage

of collective agreements are specified in the attached country

13

matrices (Annex one (1))

It should be clearly borne in mind however that attempts to measure such quantitative changes are difficult because available country data are often not available or reliable

Further growth may be stopped or even reversed at times because of unforeseen political factors which negate the best efforts of the contractor Therefore the EOPS targets as indicated in the attached country matrices vary considerably and may have to be changed from time to time In certain cases EOPS of longer than five years are indicated in other cases it has proved impossible to identify an EOPS date which appears realistic to all parties including the CT and AIDW Accordingly for overall purposes of the regional Project Paper five year approval of the regional labor program is requested in order to cover all AIFLD programs anticipated to be in operation during

the period FY 1977-1981

Hopefully a significant portion of the in-country activities of the project (eg operation of national training programs and social projects) will have been taken over by LA countries or international labor organizations by the time of final termination of AID funding to this project In some cases this may depend upon an increase in the income and staff of the principal appropriate international labor organizations--the

Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (=TS) so that they could

14

supplement the capacity of the less-developed labor movements

The same could also be said of the relationship between

stronger and weaker labor organizations within each country

Consequently a strengthening of ties (through increased

affiliations and dues contributions) between labor organizations

both nationally and internationally will be an important

condition precedent to the end of the AID-financed project

c Basic Assumptions The basic assumption

concerning design-of this project is that workers in the other

countries of the region can best be helped to achieve the goal

by an organization closely related to the labor movement in the

United States This assumption proceeds from matters of

feelings of fraternal solidaritytechnical expertise as well as

and was the underlying reason for making the American Institute

for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) the chosen instrument of

AID for this project Another important assumption is that

the governments of the several countries will continue to permit

AIFLD to operate within their jurisdictions and will honor

their international commitments favoring free labor organizations

3 Project Outputs

a Training courses will be given in the various

Latin American countries dealing with fundamental labor union

themes such as labor law and practice social security law and

practice collective bargaining and grievance procedures

parliamentary procedure and public speaking history of the

15

international labor union movement social theory labor union

accounting communications and public relations Such

courses are given at basic intermediate and specialized levels

Special courses are provided for agrarian rural workers

(compesinos) teachers and for members of cooperatives associated

with labor unions

Two hundred graduates of local courses come to the United

States annually for advanced training at the AIFLD center

at Front Royal Virginia Examples of such courses include

Techniques of Organizing

The role of Trade Union Women in Economic Development

Labor Relations amp Collective Bargaining

Collective Bargaining amp Research

Collective Bargaining amp Trade Union Rights

Adjustment to Automation

A specially selected group of 15-20 participants annually US

receives a specialuniversity level curriculum These partshy

icipants are elected or appointed union officials who are

currently at the policy making level This training is conshy

ducted in Spanish in the Washington DC area by professors

from the Consortium of DC area universities The courses

include subjects such as Survey of Basic Economics International

Relations Industrial Sociology Survey of Contemporary Latin

16

America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and

Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political

Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor

Relations in Latin America and individual research projects

AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali

Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists

to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD

provides technical assistance in management of credit unions

and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type

of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances

the prestige and attraction of free labor unions

b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed

in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic

intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services

for their members and organizational units established (education

social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for

local programs

c Important Output Assumptions

1 The ability of union leaders to

negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies

more effective union management based on AIFLD education of

union leadership

17

2 Union members will devote free time at

night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers

will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy

time courses

3 Trained instructors will be available to

conduct education programs

4 Project Inputs

a Kinds of Inputs

US Government

1 Funds for program and administrative

expenses

Logistic support (motor pool furniture2

duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the

country and EmbassyUSAID policy

Other Donors

1 Local logistic support (use of free

classroom space and instructors)

Funds for special project activities2

(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)

AIFLD private funds for special projects3

4 ITS private funds for shared staff and

program costs

5 Local funds for lost-time payments to

somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in

cases

18

US Government

Estimated costs of the program to the US

Government over the project period have been estimated on the

basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by

country and by time period the totals reveal an order of

magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows

1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ

60 52 44 55 14

The largest single element is comprised of

country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy

to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include

advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support

($15)

5 Analyses of Country Matrices

A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each

country regional and sub-regional program The indicators

selected are considered to be significantly better than previous

project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the

project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements

in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience

in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted

in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent

upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions

relative-to labor unions within each country

- 19 -

In examining the objectively verifiable indicators

used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards

goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress

in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of

unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number

and members so covered All eleven include indicators which

would show improvement in the economic position of members

through increased purchasing power of union members improvement

in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In

order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national

level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation

Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public

Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision

Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in

National Decision Making

In summary the currently planned End of Project Status

(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the

following dates

No Countries DATE (FY)

1 78

2 80

2 81

1 87

1 91

1 95 4 97

20

PART III

PROJECT ANALYSIS

A Technical Analysis

This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962

which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in

Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for

the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as

There is no alternate organization in the US which might

replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor

business and government and has developed staff organization

and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out

the Latin American Free Labor Development Program

Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the

carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to

labor education and social development activities throughout

the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other

support activities which have contributed to the existence and

effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of

Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser

The locales are classroomsextent social project development

and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in

only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current

technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program

objectives

21

Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy

country activities in the field will continue generally along

presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis

on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social

projects and a heavy component of participant training

Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program

proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents

(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are

finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the

US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites

Programs also vary in each country from time to time

depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the

part of the host governments and the local labor sector to

US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They

reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor

Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free

Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor

leaders

B bull Financial Analysis and Plan

The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current

year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for

complete details) The largest component of this total consists

of individual country programs which presently total 13

These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program

averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and

- 22 shy

$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate

a permanent in-country office including a resident US

representative The remainder consist of programs primarily

educational seminars and in some cases small social project

programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program

Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses

are in line with other AID contract representatives and could

not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of

allowances required by essentially all US citizens working

abroad

aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of

typical country program could be made only by eliminating the

US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two

reasons

1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its

financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)

which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with

labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country

where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis

to a large number of participants in educational programs who

are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy

ability

2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for

discussions of political matters with the Embassy which

frequently involve the use of classified information

-0 _11

Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a

nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis

However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt

AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in

the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where

designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning

purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that

It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish

that some will drop out but that others will be added so that

the total will remain roughly constant

which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work

to increase the average coat of in-country programs These

include

1 Inflation and

2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams

to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization

rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated

Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)

would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs

hold effects etc) 4444

- + ++ +

MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be

rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4

The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely

Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to

substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng

if + ++ if+ifif if

preussurea boen maintained to increase +

the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi

4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif

and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are

extremely limited in their resources They already contribute

in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM

However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are

reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future

- +

i

umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~

W9Um of tug

aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13

for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8

25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm

to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m

h1thfythgU V

amlo nf UWL mIam

Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000

toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse

toqeutioe sremI the

the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas

alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha

+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite

eeAbleof a mniut smestrat

+ ++++- + ++

- 22D -

Some country programs may drop out but others may be added

or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some

fashion since current staffing levels and administrative

costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated

It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset

the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at

this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response

by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe

the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and

81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time

23

C Social Analaysis

One of the major objectives of the program is to meet

the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life

with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of

economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components

of the labor force In order to realize progress certain

social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the

the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within

the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow

process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program

In many instances trade union organizations provide the

only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation

himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to

an improvement in his social well being The training of

leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly

with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with

small social impact projects provides the means whereby

attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to

the national level

It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity

labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining

economic and social benefits for their members This will be

reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work

and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will

- 24 shy

play in influencing the governments labor legislation and

its economic and social development programs Quantitative

data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained

in the country program matrices (eg membership social

services working conditions public influence governmental

relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases

but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with

any degree of validity

The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working

class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries

the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian

Union Development Services program which not only provides

for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the

development of cooperatives and the health field as well

The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis

participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of

women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal

pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs

During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses

included 16 women students while women students comprised

22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to

further improve this record

-- ---

- 25 -

One of the more important aspects of the program is that

it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a

significant number of low income people an opportunity to

seek improvement in their economic and social condition

through better representation and an opportunity to

participate in decisions affecting their working lives

D Economic Analysis

The nature of the labor develooment program as described

herein involves a mix of political social and economic

considerations and justifications It is difficult to

distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any

particular country at any given time let alone the region

as a whole

From the economic standzoint success in the project will

generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand

signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure

accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r

several of the country matries rcC_r _ns

will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments

but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level

which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable

reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues

payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations

and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the

- 26 shy

program and these too are not reliably reported Additional

amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE

obtained by the unions for their members and others through

collective bargaining but in this case we have the same

problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting

units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion

of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union

leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased

earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the

problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must

be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional

standpoint

- 27 -

PART IV

IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements

1 Recipient

The American Institute for Free Labor Development

(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this

project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the

the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to

the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director

directs the development and implementation of programs and has

responsibility for the overall operation of the organization

The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible

directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies

and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the

Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and

monitor these programs on a continuing basis

Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director

in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD

is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity

of the program in country

The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and

administers the educational activities of the Institute and in

particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the

University Program and for providing technical services to the

- 28 shy

various country education programs The Front Royal Institute

provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably

be offered in individual countries The University Labor

Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified

young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university

level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of

labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the

Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links

the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -

Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American

The Department of Social Projects assists in the development

of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives

community projects and where appropriate housing projects

workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing

the importance of making credit available for local labor

organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a

Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this

field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this

nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in

establishing credit programs for workers)

The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of

Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and

Information Services

- 29 -

AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated

in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It

received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that

time it has received continuing support from AID and has

developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it

to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and

presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry

out the program under consideration

2 AID

Management of the project is centered in the Labor

Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and

Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau

of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through

designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches

or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project

The design and implementation of each of the Country programs

is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department

of State

- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

7P -111 - L

gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44

444444+ 444444444444

4444444444 44444444gt444

O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy

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5 Increased labor influence on national

Vol Increased membership paric pation jiIn r

attabs of natlon4 labor organixationsp local unions and

a lasS SMmp ons of Goal Achievements Goal aches twl3 depend not only on the direct impact and

ofWtheW prjctipusbu h4940i Uv ls n economic- shy

and poUtal ollmste of each program country It is assumed Men W UaLptinq countries the development of democraticthe

Maittia (udnios) imoreases the probability of a more eSsitabl d1trLbution of wealth and a stronger labor movement AUL eune nore Luesco on the political economic and social

de~epetproe It is further aemmed that such peeiat willMaLU11w untos to operate indepefdently and

eame the 1vegmmets wr Political parties will ffectively wuvs or U6h0it Mo 1e4e Pmt of dementi~a unions nor

News

a minauth et w~ey o e

aiv~ko ~ ~ tk~

12

educational programs to heighten the effectiveness of labor

leadership and administration at all levels Other types of

assistance will include fostering social projects related to

labor organizations (eg credit unions consumer cooperatives

clinics community development etc) Another aspect of this

project is to strengthen communication and collaboration

between the free labor organizations of the various countries

and between them and the principal appropriate international

labor organizations-- the Inter-American Regional Organization

of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (ITS)

as well as the AFL-CIO itself Such associations will complement

other measures to enhance the stature of Latin American labor

organizations and to assist their progress toward free democratic

and responsible unionism

b Conditions Expected at End of Project (Targets)For each participating country

one (or more) national democratic labor confederation that has

competent leadership and adequate staff has an adequate operating

budget is financially self-sufficient provides a series of

services to its affiliates is located in its own national headshy

quarters periodically publishes a newspaper or newsletter is

governed in a democratic manner and is affiliated with and pays

dues to ORIT Targets for each country or sub-regional program

as well as growth in labor union membership income from dues

union financial strength and the number quality and coverage

of collective agreements are specified in the attached country

13

matrices (Annex one (1))

It should be clearly borne in mind however that attempts to measure such quantitative changes are difficult because available country data are often not available or reliable

Further growth may be stopped or even reversed at times because of unforeseen political factors which negate the best efforts of the contractor Therefore the EOPS targets as indicated in the attached country matrices vary considerably and may have to be changed from time to time In certain cases EOPS of longer than five years are indicated in other cases it has proved impossible to identify an EOPS date which appears realistic to all parties including the CT and AIDW Accordingly for overall purposes of the regional Project Paper five year approval of the regional labor program is requested in order to cover all AIFLD programs anticipated to be in operation during

the period FY 1977-1981

Hopefully a significant portion of the in-country activities of the project (eg operation of national training programs and social projects) will have been taken over by LA countries or international labor organizations by the time of final termination of AID funding to this project In some cases this may depend upon an increase in the income and staff of the principal appropriate international labor organizations--the

Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (=TS) so that they could

14

supplement the capacity of the less-developed labor movements

The same could also be said of the relationship between

stronger and weaker labor organizations within each country

Consequently a strengthening of ties (through increased

affiliations and dues contributions) between labor organizations

both nationally and internationally will be an important

condition precedent to the end of the AID-financed project

c Basic Assumptions The basic assumption

concerning design-of this project is that workers in the other

countries of the region can best be helped to achieve the goal

by an organization closely related to the labor movement in the

United States This assumption proceeds from matters of

feelings of fraternal solidaritytechnical expertise as well as

and was the underlying reason for making the American Institute

for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) the chosen instrument of

AID for this project Another important assumption is that

the governments of the several countries will continue to permit

AIFLD to operate within their jurisdictions and will honor

their international commitments favoring free labor organizations

3 Project Outputs

a Training courses will be given in the various

Latin American countries dealing with fundamental labor union

themes such as labor law and practice social security law and

practice collective bargaining and grievance procedures

parliamentary procedure and public speaking history of the

15

international labor union movement social theory labor union

accounting communications and public relations Such

courses are given at basic intermediate and specialized levels

Special courses are provided for agrarian rural workers

(compesinos) teachers and for members of cooperatives associated

with labor unions

Two hundred graduates of local courses come to the United

States annually for advanced training at the AIFLD center

at Front Royal Virginia Examples of such courses include

Techniques of Organizing

The role of Trade Union Women in Economic Development

Labor Relations amp Collective Bargaining

Collective Bargaining amp Research

Collective Bargaining amp Trade Union Rights

Adjustment to Automation

A specially selected group of 15-20 participants annually US

receives a specialuniversity level curriculum These partshy

icipants are elected or appointed union officials who are

currently at the policy making level This training is conshy

ducted in Spanish in the Washington DC area by professors

from the Consortium of DC area universities The courses

include subjects such as Survey of Basic Economics International

Relations Industrial Sociology Survey of Contemporary Latin

16

America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and

Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political

Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor

Relations in Latin America and individual research projects

AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali

Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists

to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD

provides technical assistance in management of credit unions

and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type

of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances

the prestige and attraction of free labor unions

b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed

in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic

intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services

for their members and organizational units established (education

social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for

local programs

c Important Output Assumptions

1 The ability of union leaders to

negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies

more effective union management based on AIFLD education of

union leadership

17

2 Union members will devote free time at

night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers

will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy

time courses

3 Trained instructors will be available to

conduct education programs

4 Project Inputs

a Kinds of Inputs

US Government

1 Funds for program and administrative

expenses

Logistic support (motor pool furniture2

duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the

country and EmbassyUSAID policy

Other Donors

1 Local logistic support (use of free

classroom space and instructors)

Funds for special project activities2

(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)

AIFLD private funds for special projects3

4 ITS private funds for shared staff and

program costs

5 Local funds for lost-time payments to

somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in

cases

18

US Government

Estimated costs of the program to the US

Government over the project period have been estimated on the

basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by

country and by time period the totals reveal an order of

magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows

1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ

60 52 44 55 14

The largest single element is comprised of

country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy

to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include

advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support

($15)

5 Analyses of Country Matrices

A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each

country regional and sub-regional program The indicators

selected are considered to be significantly better than previous

project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the

project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements

in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience

in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted

in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent

upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions

relative-to labor unions within each country

- 19 -

In examining the objectively verifiable indicators

used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards

goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress

in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of

unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number

and members so covered All eleven include indicators which

would show improvement in the economic position of members

through increased purchasing power of union members improvement

in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In

order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national

level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation

Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public

Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision

Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in

National Decision Making

In summary the currently planned End of Project Status

(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the

following dates

No Countries DATE (FY)

1 78

2 80

2 81

1 87

1 91

1 95 4 97

20

PART III

PROJECT ANALYSIS

A Technical Analysis

This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962

which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in

Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for

the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as

There is no alternate organization in the US which might

replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor

business and government and has developed staff organization

and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out

the Latin American Free Labor Development Program

Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the

carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to

labor education and social development activities throughout

the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other

support activities which have contributed to the existence and

effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of

Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser

The locales are classroomsextent social project development

and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in

only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current

technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program

objectives

21

Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy

country activities in the field will continue generally along

presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis

on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social

projects and a heavy component of participant training

Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program

proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents

(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are

finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the

US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites

Programs also vary in each country from time to time

depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the

part of the host governments and the local labor sector to

US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They

reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor

Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free

Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor

leaders

B bull Financial Analysis and Plan

The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current

year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for

complete details) The largest component of this total consists

of individual country programs which presently total 13

These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program

averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and

- 22 shy

$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate

a permanent in-country office including a resident US

representative The remainder consist of programs primarily

educational seminars and in some cases small social project

programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program

Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses

are in line with other AID contract representatives and could

not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of

allowances required by essentially all US citizens working

abroad

aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of

typical country program could be made only by eliminating the

US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two

reasons

1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its

financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)

which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with

labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country

where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis

to a large number of participants in educational programs who

are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy

ability

2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for

discussions of political matters with the Embassy which

frequently involve the use of classified information

-0 _11

Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a

nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis

However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt

AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in

the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where

designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning

purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that

It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish

that some will drop out but that others will be added so that

the total will remain roughly constant

which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work

to increase the average coat of in-country programs These

include

1 Inflation and

2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams

to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization

rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated

Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)

would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs

hold effects etc) 4444

- + ++ +

MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be

rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4

The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely

Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to

substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng

if + ++ if+ifif if

preussurea boen maintained to increase +

the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi

4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif

and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are

extremely limited in their resources They already contribute

in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM

However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are

reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future

- +

i

umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~

W9Um of tug

aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13

for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8

25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm

to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m

h1thfythgU V

amlo nf UWL mIam

Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000

toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse

toqeutioe sremI the

the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas

alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha

+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite

eeAbleof a mniut smestrat

+ ++++- + ++

- 22D -

Some country programs may drop out but others may be added

or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some

fashion since current staffing levels and administrative

costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated

It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset

the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at

this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response

by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe

the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and

81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time

23

C Social Analaysis

One of the major objectives of the program is to meet

the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life

with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of

economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components

of the labor force In order to realize progress certain

social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the

the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within

the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow

process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program

In many instances trade union organizations provide the

only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation

himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to

an improvement in his social well being The training of

leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly

with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with

small social impact projects provides the means whereby

attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to

the national level

It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity

labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining

economic and social benefits for their members This will be

reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work

and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will

- 24 shy

play in influencing the governments labor legislation and

its economic and social development programs Quantitative

data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained

in the country program matrices (eg membership social

services working conditions public influence governmental

relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases

but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with

any degree of validity

The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working

class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries

the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian

Union Development Services program which not only provides

for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the

development of cooperatives and the health field as well

The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis

participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of

women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal

pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs

During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses

included 16 women students while women students comprised

22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to

further improve this record

-- ---

- 25 -

One of the more important aspects of the program is that

it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a

significant number of low income people an opportunity to

seek improvement in their economic and social condition

through better representation and an opportunity to

participate in decisions affecting their working lives

D Economic Analysis

The nature of the labor develooment program as described

herein involves a mix of political social and economic

considerations and justifications It is difficult to

distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any

particular country at any given time let alone the region

as a whole

From the economic standzoint success in the project will

generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand

signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure

accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r

several of the country matries rcC_r _ns

will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments

but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level

which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable

reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues

payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations

and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the

- 26 shy

program and these too are not reliably reported Additional

amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE

obtained by the unions for their members and others through

collective bargaining but in this case we have the same

problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting

units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion

of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union

leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased

earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the

problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must

be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional

standpoint

- 27 -

PART IV

IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements

1 Recipient

The American Institute for Free Labor Development

(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this

project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the

the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to

the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director

directs the development and implementation of programs and has

responsibility for the overall operation of the organization

The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible

directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies

and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the

Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and

monitor these programs on a continuing basis

Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director

in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD

is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity

of the program in country

The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and

administers the educational activities of the Institute and in

particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the

University Program and for providing technical services to the

- 28 shy

various country education programs The Front Royal Institute

provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably

be offered in individual countries The University Labor

Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified

young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university

level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of

labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the

Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links

the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -

Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American

The Department of Social Projects assists in the development

of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives

community projects and where appropriate housing projects

workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing

the importance of making credit available for local labor

organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a

Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this

field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this

nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in

establishing credit programs for workers)

The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of

Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and

Information Services

- 29 -

AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated

in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It

received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that

time it has received continuing support from AID and has

developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it

to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and

presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry

out the program under consideration

2 AID

Management of the project is centered in the Labor

Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and

Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau

of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through

designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches

or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project

The design and implementation of each of the Country programs

is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department

of State

- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

7P -111 - L

gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44

444444+ 444444444444

4444444444 44444444gt444

O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy

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12

educational programs to heighten the effectiveness of labor

leadership and administration at all levels Other types of

assistance will include fostering social projects related to

labor organizations (eg credit unions consumer cooperatives

clinics community development etc) Another aspect of this

project is to strengthen communication and collaboration

between the free labor organizations of the various countries

and between them and the principal appropriate international

labor organizations-- the Inter-American Regional Organization

of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (ITS)

as well as the AFL-CIO itself Such associations will complement

other measures to enhance the stature of Latin American labor

organizations and to assist their progress toward free democratic

and responsible unionism

b Conditions Expected at End of Project (Targets)For each participating country

one (or more) national democratic labor confederation that has

competent leadership and adequate staff has an adequate operating

budget is financially self-sufficient provides a series of

services to its affiliates is located in its own national headshy

quarters periodically publishes a newspaper or newsletter is

governed in a democratic manner and is affiliated with and pays

dues to ORIT Targets for each country or sub-regional program

as well as growth in labor union membership income from dues

union financial strength and the number quality and coverage

of collective agreements are specified in the attached country

13

matrices (Annex one (1))

It should be clearly borne in mind however that attempts to measure such quantitative changes are difficult because available country data are often not available or reliable

Further growth may be stopped or even reversed at times because of unforeseen political factors which negate the best efforts of the contractor Therefore the EOPS targets as indicated in the attached country matrices vary considerably and may have to be changed from time to time In certain cases EOPS of longer than five years are indicated in other cases it has proved impossible to identify an EOPS date which appears realistic to all parties including the CT and AIDW Accordingly for overall purposes of the regional Project Paper five year approval of the regional labor program is requested in order to cover all AIFLD programs anticipated to be in operation during

the period FY 1977-1981

Hopefully a significant portion of the in-country activities of the project (eg operation of national training programs and social projects) will have been taken over by LA countries or international labor organizations by the time of final termination of AID funding to this project In some cases this may depend upon an increase in the income and staff of the principal appropriate international labor organizations--the

Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (=TS) so that they could

14

supplement the capacity of the less-developed labor movements

The same could also be said of the relationship between

stronger and weaker labor organizations within each country

Consequently a strengthening of ties (through increased

affiliations and dues contributions) between labor organizations

both nationally and internationally will be an important

condition precedent to the end of the AID-financed project

c Basic Assumptions The basic assumption

concerning design-of this project is that workers in the other

countries of the region can best be helped to achieve the goal

by an organization closely related to the labor movement in the

United States This assumption proceeds from matters of

feelings of fraternal solidaritytechnical expertise as well as

and was the underlying reason for making the American Institute

for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) the chosen instrument of

AID for this project Another important assumption is that

the governments of the several countries will continue to permit

AIFLD to operate within their jurisdictions and will honor

their international commitments favoring free labor organizations

3 Project Outputs

a Training courses will be given in the various

Latin American countries dealing with fundamental labor union

themes such as labor law and practice social security law and

practice collective bargaining and grievance procedures

parliamentary procedure and public speaking history of the

15

international labor union movement social theory labor union

accounting communications and public relations Such

courses are given at basic intermediate and specialized levels

Special courses are provided for agrarian rural workers

(compesinos) teachers and for members of cooperatives associated

with labor unions

Two hundred graduates of local courses come to the United

States annually for advanced training at the AIFLD center

at Front Royal Virginia Examples of such courses include

Techniques of Organizing

The role of Trade Union Women in Economic Development

Labor Relations amp Collective Bargaining

Collective Bargaining amp Research

Collective Bargaining amp Trade Union Rights

Adjustment to Automation

A specially selected group of 15-20 participants annually US

receives a specialuniversity level curriculum These partshy

icipants are elected or appointed union officials who are

currently at the policy making level This training is conshy

ducted in Spanish in the Washington DC area by professors

from the Consortium of DC area universities The courses

include subjects such as Survey of Basic Economics International

Relations Industrial Sociology Survey of Contemporary Latin

16

America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and

Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political

Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor

Relations in Latin America and individual research projects

AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali

Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists

to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD

provides technical assistance in management of credit unions

and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type

of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances

the prestige and attraction of free labor unions

b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed

in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic

intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services

for their members and organizational units established (education

social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for

local programs

c Important Output Assumptions

1 The ability of union leaders to

negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies

more effective union management based on AIFLD education of

union leadership

17

2 Union members will devote free time at

night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers

will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy

time courses

3 Trained instructors will be available to

conduct education programs

4 Project Inputs

a Kinds of Inputs

US Government

1 Funds for program and administrative

expenses

Logistic support (motor pool furniture2

duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the

country and EmbassyUSAID policy

Other Donors

1 Local logistic support (use of free

classroom space and instructors)

Funds for special project activities2

(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)

AIFLD private funds for special projects3

4 ITS private funds for shared staff and

program costs

5 Local funds for lost-time payments to

somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in

cases

18

US Government

Estimated costs of the program to the US

Government over the project period have been estimated on the

basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by

country and by time period the totals reveal an order of

magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows

1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ

60 52 44 55 14

The largest single element is comprised of

country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy

to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include

advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support

($15)

5 Analyses of Country Matrices

A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each

country regional and sub-regional program The indicators

selected are considered to be significantly better than previous

project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the

project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements

in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience

in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted

in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent

upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions

relative-to labor unions within each country

- 19 -

In examining the objectively verifiable indicators

used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards

goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress

in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of

unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number

and members so covered All eleven include indicators which

would show improvement in the economic position of members

through increased purchasing power of union members improvement

in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In

order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national

level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation

Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public

Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision

Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in

National Decision Making

In summary the currently planned End of Project Status

(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the

following dates

No Countries DATE (FY)

1 78

2 80

2 81

1 87

1 91

1 95 4 97

20

PART III

PROJECT ANALYSIS

A Technical Analysis

This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962

which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in

Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for

the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as

There is no alternate organization in the US which might

replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor

business and government and has developed staff organization

and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out

the Latin American Free Labor Development Program

Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the

carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to

labor education and social development activities throughout

the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other

support activities which have contributed to the existence and

effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of

Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser

The locales are classroomsextent social project development

and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in

only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current

technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program

objectives

21

Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy

country activities in the field will continue generally along

presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis

on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social

projects and a heavy component of participant training

Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program

proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents

(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are

finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the

US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites

Programs also vary in each country from time to time

depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the

part of the host governments and the local labor sector to

US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They

reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor

Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free

Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor

leaders

B bull Financial Analysis and Plan

The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current

year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for

complete details) The largest component of this total consists

of individual country programs which presently total 13

These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program

averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and

- 22 shy

$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate

a permanent in-country office including a resident US

representative The remainder consist of programs primarily

educational seminars and in some cases small social project

programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program

Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses

are in line with other AID contract representatives and could

not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of

allowances required by essentially all US citizens working

abroad

aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of

typical country program could be made only by eliminating the

US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two

reasons

1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its

financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)

which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with

labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country

where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis

to a large number of participants in educational programs who

are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy

ability

2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for

discussions of political matters with the Embassy which

frequently involve the use of classified information

-0 _11

Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a

nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis

However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt

AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in

the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where

designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning

purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that

It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish

that some will drop out but that others will be added so that

the total will remain roughly constant

which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work

to increase the average coat of in-country programs These

include

1 Inflation and

2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams

to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization

rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated

Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)

would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs

hold effects etc) 4444

- + ++ +

MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be

rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4

The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely

Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to

substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng

if + ++ if+ifif if

preussurea boen maintained to increase +

the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi

4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif

and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are

extremely limited in their resources They already contribute

in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM

However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are

reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future

- +

i

umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~

W9Um of tug

aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13

for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8

25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm

to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m

h1thfythgU V

amlo nf UWL mIam

Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000

toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse

toqeutioe sremI the

the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas

alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha

+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite

eeAbleof a mniut smestrat

+ ++++- + ++

- 22D -

Some country programs may drop out but others may be added

or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some

fashion since current staffing levels and administrative

costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated

It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset

the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at

this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response

by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe

the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and

81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time

23

C Social Analaysis

One of the major objectives of the program is to meet

the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life

with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of

economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components

of the labor force In order to realize progress certain

social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the

the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within

the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow

process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program

In many instances trade union organizations provide the

only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation

himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to

an improvement in his social well being The training of

leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly

with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with

small social impact projects provides the means whereby

attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to

the national level

It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity

labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining

economic and social benefits for their members This will be

reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work

and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will

- 24 shy

play in influencing the governments labor legislation and

its economic and social development programs Quantitative

data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained

in the country program matrices (eg membership social

services working conditions public influence governmental

relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases

but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with

any degree of validity

The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working

class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries

the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian

Union Development Services program which not only provides

for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the

development of cooperatives and the health field as well

The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis

participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of

women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal

pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs

During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses

included 16 women students while women students comprised

22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to

further improve this record

-- ---

- 25 -

One of the more important aspects of the program is that

it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a

significant number of low income people an opportunity to

seek improvement in their economic and social condition

through better representation and an opportunity to

participate in decisions affecting their working lives

D Economic Analysis

The nature of the labor develooment program as described

herein involves a mix of political social and economic

considerations and justifications It is difficult to

distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any

particular country at any given time let alone the region

as a whole

From the economic standzoint success in the project will

generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand

signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure

accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r

several of the country matries rcC_r _ns

will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments

but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level

which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable

reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues

payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations

and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the

- 26 shy

program and these too are not reliably reported Additional

amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE

obtained by the unions for their members and others through

collective bargaining but in this case we have the same

problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting

units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion

of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union

leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased

earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the

problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must

be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional

standpoint

- 27 -

PART IV

IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements

1 Recipient

The American Institute for Free Labor Development

(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this

project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the

the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to

the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director

directs the development and implementation of programs and has

responsibility for the overall operation of the organization

The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible

directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies

and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the

Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and

monitor these programs on a continuing basis

Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director

in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD

is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity

of the program in country

The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and

administers the educational activities of the Institute and in

particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the

University Program and for providing technical services to the

- 28 shy

various country education programs The Front Royal Institute

provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably

be offered in individual countries The University Labor

Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified

young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university

level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of

labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the

Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links

the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -

Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American

The Department of Social Projects assists in the development

of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives

community projects and where appropriate housing projects

workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing

the importance of making credit available for local labor

organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a

Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this

field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this

nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in

establishing credit programs for workers)

The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of

Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and

Information Services

- 29 -

AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated

in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It

received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that

time it has received continuing support from AID and has

developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it

to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and

presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry

out the program under consideration

2 AID

Management of the project is centered in the Labor

Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and

Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau

of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through

designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches

or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project

The design and implementation of each of the Country programs

is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department

of State

- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

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matrices (Annex one (1))

It should be clearly borne in mind however that attempts to measure such quantitative changes are difficult because available country data are often not available or reliable

Further growth may be stopped or even reversed at times because of unforeseen political factors which negate the best efforts of the contractor Therefore the EOPS targets as indicated in the attached country matrices vary considerably and may have to be changed from time to time In certain cases EOPS of longer than five years are indicated in other cases it has proved impossible to identify an EOPS date which appears realistic to all parties including the CT and AIDW Accordingly for overall purposes of the regional Project Paper five year approval of the regional labor program is requested in order to cover all AIFLD programs anticipated to be in operation during

the period FY 1977-1981

Hopefully a significant portion of the in-country activities of the project (eg operation of national training programs and social projects) will have been taken over by LA countries or international labor organizations by the time of final termination of AID funding to this project In some cases this may depend upon an increase in the income and staff of the principal appropriate international labor organizations--the

Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (=TS) so that they could

14

supplement the capacity of the less-developed labor movements

The same could also be said of the relationship between

stronger and weaker labor organizations within each country

Consequently a strengthening of ties (through increased

affiliations and dues contributions) between labor organizations

both nationally and internationally will be an important

condition precedent to the end of the AID-financed project

c Basic Assumptions The basic assumption

concerning design-of this project is that workers in the other

countries of the region can best be helped to achieve the goal

by an organization closely related to the labor movement in the

United States This assumption proceeds from matters of

feelings of fraternal solidaritytechnical expertise as well as

and was the underlying reason for making the American Institute

for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) the chosen instrument of

AID for this project Another important assumption is that

the governments of the several countries will continue to permit

AIFLD to operate within their jurisdictions and will honor

their international commitments favoring free labor organizations

3 Project Outputs

a Training courses will be given in the various

Latin American countries dealing with fundamental labor union

themes such as labor law and practice social security law and

practice collective bargaining and grievance procedures

parliamentary procedure and public speaking history of the

15

international labor union movement social theory labor union

accounting communications and public relations Such

courses are given at basic intermediate and specialized levels

Special courses are provided for agrarian rural workers

(compesinos) teachers and for members of cooperatives associated

with labor unions

Two hundred graduates of local courses come to the United

States annually for advanced training at the AIFLD center

at Front Royal Virginia Examples of such courses include

Techniques of Organizing

The role of Trade Union Women in Economic Development

Labor Relations amp Collective Bargaining

Collective Bargaining amp Research

Collective Bargaining amp Trade Union Rights

Adjustment to Automation

A specially selected group of 15-20 participants annually US

receives a specialuniversity level curriculum These partshy

icipants are elected or appointed union officials who are

currently at the policy making level This training is conshy

ducted in Spanish in the Washington DC area by professors

from the Consortium of DC area universities The courses

include subjects such as Survey of Basic Economics International

Relations Industrial Sociology Survey of Contemporary Latin

16

America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and

Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political

Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor

Relations in Latin America and individual research projects

AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali

Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists

to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD

provides technical assistance in management of credit unions

and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type

of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances

the prestige and attraction of free labor unions

b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed

in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic

intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services

for their members and organizational units established (education

social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for

local programs

c Important Output Assumptions

1 The ability of union leaders to

negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies

more effective union management based on AIFLD education of

union leadership

17

2 Union members will devote free time at

night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers

will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy

time courses

3 Trained instructors will be available to

conduct education programs

4 Project Inputs

a Kinds of Inputs

US Government

1 Funds for program and administrative

expenses

Logistic support (motor pool furniture2

duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the

country and EmbassyUSAID policy

Other Donors

1 Local logistic support (use of free

classroom space and instructors)

Funds for special project activities2

(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)

AIFLD private funds for special projects3

4 ITS private funds for shared staff and

program costs

5 Local funds for lost-time payments to

somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in

cases

18

US Government

Estimated costs of the program to the US

Government over the project period have been estimated on the

basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by

country and by time period the totals reveal an order of

magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows

1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ

60 52 44 55 14

The largest single element is comprised of

country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy

to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include

advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support

($15)

5 Analyses of Country Matrices

A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each

country regional and sub-regional program The indicators

selected are considered to be significantly better than previous

project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the

project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements

in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience

in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted

in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent

upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions

relative-to labor unions within each country

- 19 -

In examining the objectively verifiable indicators

used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards

goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress

in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of

unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number

and members so covered All eleven include indicators which

would show improvement in the economic position of members

through increased purchasing power of union members improvement

in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In

order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national

level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation

Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public

Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision

Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in

National Decision Making

In summary the currently planned End of Project Status

(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the

following dates

No Countries DATE (FY)

1 78

2 80

2 81

1 87

1 91

1 95 4 97

20

PART III

PROJECT ANALYSIS

A Technical Analysis

This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962

which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in

Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for

the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as

There is no alternate organization in the US which might

replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor

business and government and has developed staff organization

and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out

the Latin American Free Labor Development Program

Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the

carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to

labor education and social development activities throughout

the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other

support activities which have contributed to the existence and

effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of

Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser

The locales are classroomsextent social project development

and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in

only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current

technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program

objectives

21

Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy

country activities in the field will continue generally along

presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis

on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social

projects and a heavy component of participant training

Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program

proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents

(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are

finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the

US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites

Programs also vary in each country from time to time

depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the

part of the host governments and the local labor sector to

US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They

reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor

Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free

Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor

leaders

B bull Financial Analysis and Plan

The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current

year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for

complete details) The largest component of this total consists

of individual country programs which presently total 13

These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program

averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and

- 22 shy

$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate

a permanent in-country office including a resident US

representative The remainder consist of programs primarily

educational seminars and in some cases small social project

programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program

Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses

are in line with other AID contract representatives and could

not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of

allowances required by essentially all US citizens working

abroad

aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of

typical country program could be made only by eliminating the

US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two

reasons

1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its

financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)

which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with

labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country

where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis

to a large number of participants in educational programs who

are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy

ability

2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for

discussions of political matters with the Embassy which

frequently involve the use of classified information

-0 _11

Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a

nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis

However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt

AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in

the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where

designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning

purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that

It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish

that some will drop out but that others will be added so that

the total will remain roughly constant

which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work

to increase the average coat of in-country programs These

include

1 Inflation and

2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams

to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization

rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated

Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)

would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs

hold effects etc) 4444

- + ++ +

MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be

rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4

The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely

Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to

substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng

if + ++ if+ifif if

preussurea boen maintained to increase +

the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi

4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif

and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are

extremely limited in their resources They already contribute

in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM

However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are

reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future

- +

i

umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~

W9Um of tug

aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13

for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8

25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm

to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m

h1thfythgU V

amlo nf UWL mIam

Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000

toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse

toqeutioe sremI the

the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas

alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha

+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite

eeAbleof a mniut smestrat

+ ++++- + ++

- 22D -

Some country programs may drop out but others may be added

or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some

fashion since current staffing levels and administrative

costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated

It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset

the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at

this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response

by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe

the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and

81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time

23

C Social Analaysis

One of the major objectives of the program is to meet

the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life

with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of

economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components

of the labor force In order to realize progress certain

social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the

the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within

the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow

process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program

In many instances trade union organizations provide the

only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation

himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to

an improvement in his social well being The training of

leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly

with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with

small social impact projects provides the means whereby

attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to

the national level

It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity

labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining

economic and social benefits for their members This will be

reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work

and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will

- 24 shy

play in influencing the governments labor legislation and

its economic and social development programs Quantitative

data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained

in the country program matrices (eg membership social

services working conditions public influence governmental

relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases

but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with

any degree of validity

The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working

class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries

the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian

Union Development Services program which not only provides

for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the

development of cooperatives and the health field as well

The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis

participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of

women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal

pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs

During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses

included 16 women students while women students comprised

22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to

further improve this record

-- ---

- 25 -

One of the more important aspects of the program is that

it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a

significant number of low income people an opportunity to

seek improvement in their economic and social condition

through better representation and an opportunity to

participate in decisions affecting their working lives

D Economic Analysis

The nature of the labor develooment program as described

herein involves a mix of political social and economic

considerations and justifications It is difficult to

distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any

particular country at any given time let alone the region

as a whole

From the economic standzoint success in the project will

generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand

signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure

accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r

several of the country matries rcC_r _ns

will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments

but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level

which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable

reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues

payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations

and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the

- 26 shy

program and these too are not reliably reported Additional

amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE

obtained by the unions for their members and others through

collective bargaining but in this case we have the same

problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting

units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion

of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union

leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased

earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the

problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must

be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional

standpoint

- 27 -

PART IV

IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements

1 Recipient

The American Institute for Free Labor Development

(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this

project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the

the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to

the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director

directs the development and implementation of programs and has

responsibility for the overall operation of the organization

The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible

directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies

and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the

Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and

monitor these programs on a continuing basis

Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director

in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD

is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity

of the program in country

The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and

administers the educational activities of the Institute and in

particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the

University Program and for providing technical services to the

- 28 shy

various country education programs The Front Royal Institute

provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably

be offered in individual countries The University Labor

Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified

young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university

level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of

labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the

Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links

the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -

Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American

The Department of Social Projects assists in the development

of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives

community projects and where appropriate housing projects

workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing

the importance of making credit available for local labor

organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a

Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this

field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this

nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in

establishing credit programs for workers)

The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of

Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and

Information Services

- 29 -

AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated

in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It

received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that

time it has received continuing support from AID and has

developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it

to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and

presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry

out the program under consideration

2 AID

Management of the project is centered in the Labor

Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and

Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau

of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through

designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches

or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project

The design and implementation of each of the Country programs

is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department

of State

- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

7P -111 - L

gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44

444444+ 444444444444

4444444444 44444444gt444

O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy

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14

supplement the capacity of the less-developed labor movements

The same could also be said of the relationship between

stronger and weaker labor organizations within each country

Consequently a strengthening of ties (through increased

affiliations and dues contributions) between labor organizations

both nationally and internationally will be an important

condition precedent to the end of the AID-financed project

c Basic Assumptions The basic assumption

concerning design-of this project is that workers in the other

countries of the region can best be helped to achieve the goal

by an organization closely related to the labor movement in the

United States This assumption proceeds from matters of

feelings of fraternal solidaritytechnical expertise as well as

and was the underlying reason for making the American Institute

for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) the chosen instrument of

AID for this project Another important assumption is that

the governments of the several countries will continue to permit

AIFLD to operate within their jurisdictions and will honor

their international commitments favoring free labor organizations

3 Project Outputs

a Training courses will be given in the various

Latin American countries dealing with fundamental labor union

themes such as labor law and practice social security law and

practice collective bargaining and grievance procedures

parliamentary procedure and public speaking history of the

15

international labor union movement social theory labor union

accounting communications and public relations Such

courses are given at basic intermediate and specialized levels

Special courses are provided for agrarian rural workers

(compesinos) teachers and for members of cooperatives associated

with labor unions

Two hundred graduates of local courses come to the United

States annually for advanced training at the AIFLD center

at Front Royal Virginia Examples of such courses include

Techniques of Organizing

The role of Trade Union Women in Economic Development

Labor Relations amp Collective Bargaining

Collective Bargaining amp Research

Collective Bargaining amp Trade Union Rights

Adjustment to Automation

A specially selected group of 15-20 participants annually US

receives a specialuniversity level curriculum These partshy

icipants are elected or appointed union officials who are

currently at the policy making level This training is conshy

ducted in Spanish in the Washington DC area by professors

from the Consortium of DC area universities The courses

include subjects such as Survey of Basic Economics International

Relations Industrial Sociology Survey of Contemporary Latin

16

America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and

Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political

Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor

Relations in Latin America and individual research projects

AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali

Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists

to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD

provides technical assistance in management of credit unions

and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type

of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances

the prestige and attraction of free labor unions

b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed

in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic

intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services

for their members and organizational units established (education

social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for

local programs

c Important Output Assumptions

1 The ability of union leaders to

negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies

more effective union management based on AIFLD education of

union leadership

17

2 Union members will devote free time at

night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers

will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy

time courses

3 Trained instructors will be available to

conduct education programs

4 Project Inputs

a Kinds of Inputs

US Government

1 Funds for program and administrative

expenses

Logistic support (motor pool furniture2

duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the

country and EmbassyUSAID policy

Other Donors

1 Local logistic support (use of free

classroom space and instructors)

Funds for special project activities2

(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)

AIFLD private funds for special projects3

4 ITS private funds for shared staff and

program costs

5 Local funds for lost-time payments to

somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in

cases

18

US Government

Estimated costs of the program to the US

Government over the project period have been estimated on the

basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by

country and by time period the totals reveal an order of

magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows

1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ

60 52 44 55 14

The largest single element is comprised of

country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy

to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include

advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support

($15)

5 Analyses of Country Matrices

A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each

country regional and sub-regional program The indicators

selected are considered to be significantly better than previous

project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the

project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements

in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience

in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted

in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent

upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions

relative-to labor unions within each country

- 19 -

In examining the objectively verifiable indicators

used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards

goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress

in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of

unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number

and members so covered All eleven include indicators which

would show improvement in the economic position of members

through increased purchasing power of union members improvement

in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In

order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national

level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation

Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public

Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision

Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in

National Decision Making

In summary the currently planned End of Project Status

(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the

following dates

No Countries DATE (FY)

1 78

2 80

2 81

1 87

1 91

1 95 4 97

20

PART III

PROJECT ANALYSIS

A Technical Analysis

This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962

which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in

Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for

the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as

There is no alternate organization in the US which might

replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor

business and government and has developed staff organization

and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out

the Latin American Free Labor Development Program

Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the

carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to

labor education and social development activities throughout

the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other

support activities which have contributed to the existence and

effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of

Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser

The locales are classroomsextent social project development

and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in

only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current

technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program

objectives

21

Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy

country activities in the field will continue generally along

presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis

on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social

projects and a heavy component of participant training

Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program

proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents

(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are

finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the

US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites

Programs also vary in each country from time to time

depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the

part of the host governments and the local labor sector to

US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They

reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor

Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free

Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor

leaders

B bull Financial Analysis and Plan

The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current

year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for

complete details) The largest component of this total consists

of individual country programs which presently total 13

These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program

averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and

- 22 shy

$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate

a permanent in-country office including a resident US

representative The remainder consist of programs primarily

educational seminars and in some cases small social project

programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program

Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses

are in line with other AID contract representatives and could

not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of

allowances required by essentially all US citizens working

abroad

aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of

typical country program could be made only by eliminating the

US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two

reasons

1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its

financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)

which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with

labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country

where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis

to a large number of participants in educational programs who

are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy

ability

2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for

discussions of political matters with the Embassy which

frequently involve the use of classified information

-0 _11

Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a

nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis

However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt

AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in

the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where

designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning

purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that

It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish

that some will drop out but that others will be added so that

the total will remain roughly constant

which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work

to increase the average coat of in-country programs These

include

1 Inflation and

2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams

to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization

rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated

Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)

would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs

hold effects etc) 4444

- + ++ +

MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be

rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4

The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely

Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to

substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng

if + ++ if+ifif if

preussurea boen maintained to increase +

the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi

4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif

and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are

extremely limited in their resources They already contribute

in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM

However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are

reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future

- +

i

umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~

W9Um of tug

aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13

for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8

25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm

to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m

h1thfythgU V

amlo nf UWL mIam

Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000

toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse

toqeutioe sremI the

the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas

alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha

+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite

eeAbleof a mniut smestrat

+ ++++- + ++

- 22D -

Some country programs may drop out but others may be added

or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some

fashion since current staffing levels and administrative

costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated

It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset

the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at

this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response

by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe

the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and

81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time

23

C Social Analaysis

One of the major objectives of the program is to meet

the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life

with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of

economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components

of the labor force In order to realize progress certain

social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the

the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within

the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow

process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program

In many instances trade union organizations provide the

only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation

himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to

an improvement in his social well being The training of

leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly

with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with

small social impact projects provides the means whereby

attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to

the national level

It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity

labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining

economic and social benefits for their members This will be

reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work

and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will

- 24 shy

play in influencing the governments labor legislation and

its economic and social development programs Quantitative

data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained

in the country program matrices (eg membership social

services working conditions public influence governmental

relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases

but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with

any degree of validity

The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working

class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries

the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian

Union Development Services program which not only provides

for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the

development of cooperatives and the health field as well

The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis

participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of

women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal

pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs

During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses

included 16 women students while women students comprised

22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to

further improve this record

-- ---

- 25 -

One of the more important aspects of the program is that

it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a

significant number of low income people an opportunity to

seek improvement in their economic and social condition

through better representation and an opportunity to

participate in decisions affecting their working lives

D Economic Analysis

The nature of the labor develooment program as described

herein involves a mix of political social and economic

considerations and justifications It is difficult to

distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any

particular country at any given time let alone the region

as a whole

From the economic standzoint success in the project will

generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand

signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure

accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r

several of the country matries rcC_r _ns

will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments

but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level

which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable

reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues

payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations

and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the

- 26 shy

program and these too are not reliably reported Additional

amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE

obtained by the unions for their members and others through

collective bargaining but in this case we have the same

problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting

units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion

of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union

leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased

earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the

problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must

be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional

standpoint

- 27 -

PART IV

IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements

1 Recipient

The American Institute for Free Labor Development

(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this

project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the

the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to

the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director

directs the development and implementation of programs and has

responsibility for the overall operation of the organization

The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible

directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies

and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the

Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and

monitor these programs on a continuing basis

Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director

in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD

is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity

of the program in country

The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and

administers the educational activities of the Institute and in

particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the

University Program and for providing technical services to the

- 28 shy

various country education programs The Front Royal Institute

provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably

be offered in individual countries The University Labor

Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified

young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university

level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of

labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the

Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links

the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -

Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American

The Department of Social Projects assists in the development

of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives

community projects and where appropriate housing projects

workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing

the importance of making credit available for local labor

organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a

Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this

field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this

nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in

establishing credit programs for workers)

The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of

Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and

Information Services

- 29 -

AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated

in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It

received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that

time it has received continuing support from AID and has

developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it

to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and

presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry

out the program under consideration

2 AID

Management of the project is centered in the Labor

Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and

Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau

of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through

designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches

or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project

The design and implementation of each of the Country programs

is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department

of State

- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

7P -111 - L

gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44

444444+ 444444444444

4444444444 44444444gt444

O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy

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15

international labor union movement social theory labor union

accounting communications and public relations Such

courses are given at basic intermediate and specialized levels

Special courses are provided for agrarian rural workers

(compesinos) teachers and for members of cooperatives associated

with labor unions

Two hundred graduates of local courses come to the United

States annually for advanced training at the AIFLD center

at Front Royal Virginia Examples of such courses include

Techniques of Organizing

The role of Trade Union Women in Economic Development

Labor Relations amp Collective Bargaining

Collective Bargaining amp Research

Collective Bargaining amp Trade Union Rights

Adjustment to Automation

A specially selected group of 15-20 participants annually US

receives a specialuniversity level curriculum These partshy

icipants are elected or appointed union officials who are

currently at the policy making level This training is conshy

ducted in Spanish in the Washington DC area by professors

from the Consortium of DC area universities The courses

include subjects such as Survey of Basic Economics International

Relations Industrial Sociology Survey of Contemporary Latin

16

America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and

Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political

Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor

Relations in Latin America and individual research projects

AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali

Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists

to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD

provides technical assistance in management of credit unions

and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type

of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances

the prestige and attraction of free labor unions

b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed

in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic

intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services

for their members and organizational units established (education

social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for

local programs

c Important Output Assumptions

1 The ability of union leaders to

negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies

more effective union management based on AIFLD education of

union leadership

17

2 Union members will devote free time at

night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers

will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy

time courses

3 Trained instructors will be available to

conduct education programs

4 Project Inputs

a Kinds of Inputs

US Government

1 Funds for program and administrative

expenses

Logistic support (motor pool furniture2

duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the

country and EmbassyUSAID policy

Other Donors

1 Local logistic support (use of free

classroom space and instructors)

Funds for special project activities2

(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)

AIFLD private funds for special projects3

4 ITS private funds for shared staff and

program costs

5 Local funds for lost-time payments to

somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in

cases

18

US Government

Estimated costs of the program to the US

Government over the project period have been estimated on the

basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by

country and by time period the totals reveal an order of

magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows

1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ

60 52 44 55 14

The largest single element is comprised of

country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy

to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include

advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support

($15)

5 Analyses of Country Matrices

A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each

country regional and sub-regional program The indicators

selected are considered to be significantly better than previous

project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the

project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements

in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience

in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted

in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent

upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions

relative-to labor unions within each country

- 19 -

In examining the objectively verifiable indicators

used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards

goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress

in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of

unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number

and members so covered All eleven include indicators which

would show improvement in the economic position of members

through increased purchasing power of union members improvement

in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In

order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national

level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation

Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public

Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision

Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in

National Decision Making

In summary the currently planned End of Project Status

(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the

following dates

No Countries DATE (FY)

1 78

2 80

2 81

1 87

1 91

1 95 4 97

20

PART III

PROJECT ANALYSIS

A Technical Analysis

This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962

which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in

Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for

the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as

There is no alternate organization in the US which might

replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor

business and government and has developed staff organization

and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out

the Latin American Free Labor Development Program

Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the

carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to

labor education and social development activities throughout

the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other

support activities which have contributed to the existence and

effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of

Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser

The locales are classroomsextent social project development

and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in

only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current

technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program

objectives

21

Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy

country activities in the field will continue generally along

presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis

on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social

projects and a heavy component of participant training

Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program

proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents

(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are

finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the

US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites

Programs also vary in each country from time to time

depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the

part of the host governments and the local labor sector to

US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They

reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor

Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free

Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor

leaders

B bull Financial Analysis and Plan

The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current

year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for

complete details) The largest component of this total consists

of individual country programs which presently total 13

These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program

averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and

- 22 shy

$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate

a permanent in-country office including a resident US

representative The remainder consist of programs primarily

educational seminars and in some cases small social project

programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program

Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses

are in line with other AID contract representatives and could

not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of

allowances required by essentially all US citizens working

abroad

aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of

typical country program could be made only by eliminating the

US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two

reasons

1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its

financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)

which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with

labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country

where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis

to a large number of participants in educational programs who

are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy

ability

2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for

discussions of political matters with the Embassy which

frequently involve the use of classified information

-0 _11

Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a

nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis

However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt

AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in

the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where

designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning

purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that

It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish

that some will drop out but that others will be added so that

the total will remain roughly constant

which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work

to increase the average coat of in-country programs These

include

1 Inflation and

2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams

to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization

rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated

Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)

would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs

hold effects etc) 4444

- + ++ +

MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be

rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4

The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely

Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to

substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng

if + ++ if+ifif if

preussurea boen maintained to increase +

the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi

4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif

and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are

extremely limited in their resources They already contribute

in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM

However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are

reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future

- +

i

umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~

W9Um of tug

aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13

for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8

25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm

to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m

h1thfythgU V

amlo nf UWL mIam

Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000

toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse

toqeutioe sremI the

the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas

alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha

+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite

eeAbleof a mniut smestrat

+ ++++- + ++

- 22D -

Some country programs may drop out but others may be added

or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some

fashion since current staffing levels and administrative

costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated

It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset

the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at

this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response

by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe

the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and

81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time

23

C Social Analaysis

One of the major objectives of the program is to meet

the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life

with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of

economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components

of the labor force In order to realize progress certain

social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the

the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within

the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow

process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program

In many instances trade union organizations provide the

only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation

himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to

an improvement in his social well being The training of

leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly

with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with

small social impact projects provides the means whereby

attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to

the national level

It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity

labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining

economic and social benefits for their members This will be

reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work

and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will

- 24 shy

play in influencing the governments labor legislation and

its economic and social development programs Quantitative

data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained

in the country program matrices (eg membership social

services working conditions public influence governmental

relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases

but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with

any degree of validity

The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working

class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries

the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian

Union Development Services program which not only provides

for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the

development of cooperatives and the health field as well

The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis

participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of

women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal

pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs

During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses

included 16 women students while women students comprised

22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to

further improve this record

-- ---

- 25 -

One of the more important aspects of the program is that

it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a

significant number of low income people an opportunity to

seek improvement in their economic and social condition

through better representation and an opportunity to

participate in decisions affecting their working lives

D Economic Analysis

The nature of the labor develooment program as described

herein involves a mix of political social and economic

considerations and justifications It is difficult to

distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any

particular country at any given time let alone the region

as a whole

From the economic standzoint success in the project will

generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand

signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure

accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r

several of the country matries rcC_r _ns

will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments

but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level

which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable

reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues

payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations

and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the

- 26 shy

program and these too are not reliably reported Additional

amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE

obtained by the unions for their members and others through

collective bargaining but in this case we have the same

problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting

units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion

of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union

leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased

earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the

problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must

be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional

standpoint

- 27 -

PART IV

IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements

1 Recipient

The American Institute for Free Labor Development

(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this

project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the

the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to

the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director

directs the development and implementation of programs and has

responsibility for the overall operation of the organization

The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible

directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies

and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the

Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and

monitor these programs on a continuing basis

Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director

in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD

is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity

of the program in country

The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and

administers the educational activities of the Institute and in

particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the

University Program and for providing technical services to the

- 28 shy

various country education programs The Front Royal Institute

provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably

be offered in individual countries The University Labor

Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified

young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university

level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of

labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the

Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links

the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -

Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American

The Department of Social Projects assists in the development

of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives

community projects and where appropriate housing projects

workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing

the importance of making credit available for local labor

organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a

Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this

field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this

nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in

establishing credit programs for workers)

The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of

Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and

Information Services

- 29 -

AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated

in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It

received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that

time it has received continuing support from AID and has

developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it

to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and

presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry

out the program under consideration

2 AID

Management of the project is centered in the Labor

Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and

Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau

of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through

designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches

or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project

The design and implementation of each of the Country programs

is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department

of State

- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

7P -111 - L

gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44

444444+ 444444444444

4444444444 44444444gt444

O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy

lt4444

L4

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16

America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and

Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political

Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor

Relations in Latin America and individual research projects

AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali

Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists

to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD

provides technical assistance in management of credit unions

and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type

of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances

the prestige and attraction of free labor unions

b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed

in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic

intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services

for their members and organizational units established (education

social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for

local programs

c Important Output Assumptions

1 The ability of union leaders to

negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies

more effective union management based on AIFLD education of

union leadership

17

2 Union members will devote free time at

night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers

will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy

time courses

3 Trained instructors will be available to

conduct education programs

4 Project Inputs

a Kinds of Inputs

US Government

1 Funds for program and administrative

expenses

Logistic support (motor pool furniture2

duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the

country and EmbassyUSAID policy

Other Donors

1 Local logistic support (use of free

classroom space and instructors)

Funds for special project activities2

(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)

AIFLD private funds for special projects3

4 ITS private funds for shared staff and

program costs

5 Local funds for lost-time payments to

somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in

cases

18

US Government

Estimated costs of the program to the US

Government over the project period have been estimated on the

basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by

country and by time period the totals reveal an order of

magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows

1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ

60 52 44 55 14

The largest single element is comprised of

country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy

to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include

advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support

($15)

5 Analyses of Country Matrices

A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each

country regional and sub-regional program The indicators

selected are considered to be significantly better than previous

project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the

project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements

in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience

in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted

in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent

upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions

relative-to labor unions within each country

- 19 -

In examining the objectively verifiable indicators

used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards

goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress

in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of

unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number

and members so covered All eleven include indicators which

would show improvement in the economic position of members

through increased purchasing power of union members improvement

in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In

order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national

level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation

Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public

Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision

Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in

National Decision Making

In summary the currently planned End of Project Status

(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the

following dates

No Countries DATE (FY)

1 78

2 80

2 81

1 87

1 91

1 95 4 97

20

PART III

PROJECT ANALYSIS

A Technical Analysis

This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962

which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in

Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for

the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as

There is no alternate organization in the US which might

replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor

business and government and has developed staff organization

and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out

the Latin American Free Labor Development Program

Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the

carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to

labor education and social development activities throughout

the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other

support activities which have contributed to the existence and

effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of

Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser

The locales are classroomsextent social project development

and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in

only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current

technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program

objectives

21

Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy

country activities in the field will continue generally along

presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis

on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social

projects and a heavy component of participant training

Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program

proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents

(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are

finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the

US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites

Programs also vary in each country from time to time

depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the

part of the host governments and the local labor sector to

US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They

reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor

Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free

Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor

leaders

B bull Financial Analysis and Plan

The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current

year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for

complete details) The largest component of this total consists

of individual country programs which presently total 13

These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program

averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and

- 22 shy

$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate

a permanent in-country office including a resident US

representative The remainder consist of programs primarily

educational seminars and in some cases small social project

programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program

Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses

are in line with other AID contract representatives and could

not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of

allowances required by essentially all US citizens working

abroad

aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of

typical country program could be made only by eliminating the

US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two

reasons

1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its

financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)

which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with

labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country

where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis

to a large number of participants in educational programs who

are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy

ability

2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for

discussions of political matters with the Embassy which

frequently involve the use of classified information

-0 _11

Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a

nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis

However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt

AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in

the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where

designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning

purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that

It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish

that some will drop out but that others will be added so that

the total will remain roughly constant

which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work

to increase the average coat of in-country programs These

include

1 Inflation and

2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams

to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization

rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated

Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)

would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs

hold effects etc) 4444

- + ++ +

MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be

rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4

The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely

Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to

substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng

if + ++ if+ifif if

preussurea boen maintained to increase +

the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi

4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif

and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are

extremely limited in their resources They already contribute

in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM

However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are

reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future

- +

i

umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~

W9Um of tug

aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13

for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8

25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm

to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m

h1thfythgU V

amlo nf UWL mIam

Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000

toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse

toqeutioe sremI the

the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas

alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha

+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite

eeAbleof a mniut smestrat

+ ++++- + ++

- 22D -

Some country programs may drop out but others may be added

or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some

fashion since current staffing levels and administrative

costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated

It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset

the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at

this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response

by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe

the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and

81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time

23

C Social Analaysis

One of the major objectives of the program is to meet

the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life

with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of

economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components

of the labor force In order to realize progress certain

social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the

the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within

the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow

process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program

In many instances trade union organizations provide the

only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation

himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to

an improvement in his social well being The training of

leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly

with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with

small social impact projects provides the means whereby

attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to

the national level

It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity

labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining

economic and social benefits for their members This will be

reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work

and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will

- 24 shy

play in influencing the governments labor legislation and

its economic and social development programs Quantitative

data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained

in the country program matrices (eg membership social

services working conditions public influence governmental

relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases

but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with

any degree of validity

The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working

class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries

the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian

Union Development Services program which not only provides

for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the

development of cooperatives and the health field as well

The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis

participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of

women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal

pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs

During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses

included 16 women students while women students comprised

22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to

further improve this record

-- ---

- 25 -

One of the more important aspects of the program is that

it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a

significant number of low income people an opportunity to

seek improvement in their economic and social condition

through better representation and an opportunity to

participate in decisions affecting their working lives

D Economic Analysis

The nature of the labor develooment program as described

herein involves a mix of political social and economic

considerations and justifications It is difficult to

distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any

particular country at any given time let alone the region

as a whole

From the economic standzoint success in the project will

generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand

signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure

accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r

several of the country matries rcC_r _ns

will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments

but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level

which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable

reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues

payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations

and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the

- 26 shy

program and these too are not reliably reported Additional

amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE

obtained by the unions for their members and others through

collective bargaining but in this case we have the same

problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting

units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion

of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union

leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased

earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the

problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must

be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional

standpoint

- 27 -

PART IV

IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements

1 Recipient

The American Institute for Free Labor Development

(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this

project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the

the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to

the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director

directs the development and implementation of programs and has

responsibility for the overall operation of the organization

The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible

directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies

and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the

Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and

monitor these programs on a continuing basis

Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director

in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD

is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity

of the program in country

The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and

administers the educational activities of the Institute and in

particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the

University Program and for providing technical services to the

- 28 shy

various country education programs The Front Royal Institute

provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably

be offered in individual countries The University Labor

Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified

young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university

level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of

labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the

Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links

the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -

Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American

The Department of Social Projects assists in the development

of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives

community projects and where appropriate housing projects

workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing

the importance of making credit available for local labor

organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a

Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this

field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this

nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in

establishing credit programs for workers)

The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of

Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and

Information Services

- 29 -

AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated

in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It

received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that

time it has received continuing support from AID and has

developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it

to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and

presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry

out the program under consideration

2 AID

Management of the project is centered in the Labor

Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and

Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau

of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through

designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches

or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project

The design and implementation of each of the Country programs

is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department

of State

- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

7P -111 - L

gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44

444444+ 444444444444

4444444444 44444444gt444

O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy

lt4444

L4

uC4

S0

0

0 0

9i0IC)

04J

E

u A44

044J~4

r w

a)04

NW

I 1-

0 0

4J U

gt u

04 J

0 r

4J 041 040

4J w

Q

)I $4

M W

-0

0 H

H

u0 -r

i z

00 W

u

04

H

n co

M

P-N

M

41 1

1

Ii

0 R

Na

lot 1~i

oil

4

14s

7V

A

VA

~~

i

TI

A

~

~~~~

~~~~

~tM

R-

jib

so

AtA

II$

Is

0

4t

a

mo

00w

ow

W

~I~J

NNI

I _

__

lo

~J66

Aaw

m

CA

C

shy

m

bs

I

2m

17

2 Union members will devote free time at

night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers

will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy

time courses

3 Trained instructors will be available to

conduct education programs

4 Project Inputs

a Kinds of Inputs

US Government

1 Funds for program and administrative

expenses

Logistic support (motor pool furniture2

duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the

country and EmbassyUSAID policy

Other Donors

1 Local logistic support (use of free

classroom space and instructors)

Funds for special project activities2

(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)

AIFLD private funds for special projects3

4 ITS private funds for shared staff and

program costs

5 Local funds for lost-time payments to

somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in

cases

18

US Government

Estimated costs of the program to the US

Government over the project period have been estimated on the

basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by

country and by time period the totals reveal an order of

magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows

1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ

60 52 44 55 14

The largest single element is comprised of

country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy

to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include

advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support

($15)

5 Analyses of Country Matrices

A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each

country regional and sub-regional program The indicators

selected are considered to be significantly better than previous

project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the

project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements

in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience

in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted

in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent

upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions

relative-to labor unions within each country

- 19 -

In examining the objectively verifiable indicators

used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards

goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress

in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of

unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number

and members so covered All eleven include indicators which

would show improvement in the economic position of members

through increased purchasing power of union members improvement

in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In

order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national

level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation

Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public

Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision

Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in

National Decision Making

In summary the currently planned End of Project Status

(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the

following dates

No Countries DATE (FY)

1 78

2 80

2 81

1 87

1 91

1 95 4 97

20

PART III

PROJECT ANALYSIS

A Technical Analysis

This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962

which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in

Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for

the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as

There is no alternate organization in the US which might

replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor

business and government and has developed staff organization

and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out

the Latin American Free Labor Development Program

Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the

carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to

labor education and social development activities throughout

the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other

support activities which have contributed to the existence and

effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of

Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser

The locales are classroomsextent social project development

and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in

only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current

technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program

objectives

21

Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy

country activities in the field will continue generally along

presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis

on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social

projects and a heavy component of participant training

Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program

proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents

(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are

finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the

US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites

Programs also vary in each country from time to time

depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the

part of the host governments and the local labor sector to

US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They

reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor

Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free

Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor

leaders

B bull Financial Analysis and Plan

The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current

year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for

complete details) The largest component of this total consists

of individual country programs which presently total 13

These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program

averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and

- 22 shy

$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate

a permanent in-country office including a resident US

representative The remainder consist of programs primarily

educational seminars and in some cases small social project

programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program

Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses

are in line with other AID contract representatives and could

not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of

allowances required by essentially all US citizens working

abroad

aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of

typical country program could be made only by eliminating the

US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two

reasons

1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its

financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)

which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with

labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country

where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis

to a large number of participants in educational programs who

are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy

ability

2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for

discussions of political matters with the Embassy which

frequently involve the use of classified information

-0 _11

Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a

nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis

However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt

AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in

the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where

designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning

purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that

It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish

that some will drop out but that others will be added so that

the total will remain roughly constant

which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work

to increase the average coat of in-country programs These

include

1 Inflation and

2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams

to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization

rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated

Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)

would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs

hold effects etc) 4444

- + ++ +

MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be

rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4

The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely

Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to

substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng

if + ++ if+ifif if

preussurea boen maintained to increase +

the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi

4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif

and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are

extremely limited in their resources They already contribute

in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM

However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are

reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future

- +

i

umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~

W9Um of tug

aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13

for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8

25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm

to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m

h1thfythgU V

amlo nf UWL mIam

Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000

toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse

toqeutioe sremI the

the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas

alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha

+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite

eeAbleof a mniut smestrat

+ ++++- + ++

- 22D -

Some country programs may drop out but others may be added

or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some

fashion since current staffing levels and administrative

costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated

It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset

the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at

this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response

by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe

the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and

81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time

23

C Social Analaysis

One of the major objectives of the program is to meet

the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life

with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of

economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components

of the labor force In order to realize progress certain

social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the

the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within

the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow

process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program

In many instances trade union organizations provide the

only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation

himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to

an improvement in his social well being The training of

leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly

with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with

small social impact projects provides the means whereby

attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to

the national level

It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity

labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining

economic and social benefits for their members This will be

reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work

and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will

- 24 shy

play in influencing the governments labor legislation and

its economic and social development programs Quantitative

data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained

in the country program matrices (eg membership social

services working conditions public influence governmental

relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases

but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with

any degree of validity

The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working

class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries

the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian

Union Development Services program which not only provides

for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the

development of cooperatives and the health field as well

The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis

participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of

women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal

pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs

During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses

included 16 women students while women students comprised

22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to

further improve this record

-- ---

- 25 -

One of the more important aspects of the program is that

it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a

significant number of low income people an opportunity to

seek improvement in their economic and social condition

through better representation and an opportunity to

participate in decisions affecting their working lives

D Economic Analysis

The nature of the labor develooment program as described

herein involves a mix of political social and economic

considerations and justifications It is difficult to

distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any

particular country at any given time let alone the region

as a whole

From the economic standzoint success in the project will

generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand

signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure

accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r

several of the country matries rcC_r _ns

will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments

but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level

which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable

reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues

payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations

and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the

- 26 shy

program and these too are not reliably reported Additional

amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE

obtained by the unions for their members and others through

collective bargaining but in this case we have the same

problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting

units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion

of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union

leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased

earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the

problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must

be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional

standpoint

- 27 -

PART IV

IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements

1 Recipient

The American Institute for Free Labor Development

(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this

project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the

the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to

the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director

directs the development and implementation of programs and has

responsibility for the overall operation of the organization

The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible

directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies

and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the

Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and

monitor these programs on a continuing basis

Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director

in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD

is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity

of the program in country

The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and

administers the educational activities of the Institute and in

particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the

University Program and for providing technical services to the

- 28 shy

various country education programs The Front Royal Institute

provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably

be offered in individual countries The University Labor

Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified

young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university

level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of

labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the

Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links

the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -

Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American

The Department of Social Projects assists in the development

of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives

community projects and where appropriate housing projects

workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing

the importance of making credit available for local labor

organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a

Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this

field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this

nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in

establishing credit programs for workers)

The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of

Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and

Information Services

- 29 -

AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated

in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It

received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that

time it has received continuing support from AID and has

developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it

to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and

presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry

out the program under consideration

2 AID

Management of the project is centered in the Labor

Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and

Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau

of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through

designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches

or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project

The design and implementation of each of the Country programs

is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department

of State

- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

7P -111 - L

gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44

444444+ 444444444444

4444444444 44444444gt444

O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy

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18

US Government

Estimated costs of the program to the US

Government over the project period have been estimated on the

basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by

country and by time period the totals reveal an order of

magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows

1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ

60 52 44 55 14

The largest single element is comprised of

country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy

to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include

advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support

($15)

5 Analyses of Country Matrices

A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each

country regional and sub-regional program The indicators

selected are considered to be significantly better than previous

project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the

project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements

in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience

in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted

in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent

upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions

relative-to labor unions within each country

- 19 -

In examining the objectively verifiable indicators

used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards

goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress

in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of

unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number

and members so covered All eleven include indicators which

would show improvement in the economic position of members

through increased purchasing power of union members improvement

in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In

order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national

level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation

Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public

Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision

Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in

National Decision Making

In summary the currently planned End of Project Status

(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the

following dates

No Countries DATE (FY)

1 78

2 80

2 81

1 87

1 91

1 95 4 97

20

PART III

PROJECT ANALYSIS

A Technical Analysis

This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962

which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in

Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for

the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as

There is no alternate organization in the US which might

replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor

business and government and has developed staff organization

and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out

the Latin American Free Labor Development Program

Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the

carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to

labor education and social development activities throughout

the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other

support activities which have contributed to the existence and

effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of

Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser

The locales are classroomsextent social project development

and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in

only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current

technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program

objectives

21

Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy

country activities in the field will continue generally along

presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis

on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social

projects and a heavy component of participant training

Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program

proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents

(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are

finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the

US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites

Programs also vary in each country from time to time

depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the

part of the host governments and the local labor sector to

US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They

reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor

Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free

Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor

leaders

B bull Financial Analysis and Plan

The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current

year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for

complete details) The largest component of this total consists

of individual country programs which presently total 13

These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program

averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and

- 22 shy

$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate

a permanent in-country office including a resident US

representative The remainder consist of programs primarily

educational seminars and in some cases small social project

programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program

Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses

are in line with other AID contract representatives and could

not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of

allowances required by essentially all US citizens working

abroad

aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of

typical country program could be made only by eliminating the

US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two

reasons

1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its

financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)

which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with

labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country

where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis

to a large number of participants in educational programs who

are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy

ability

2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for

discussions of political matters with the Embassy which

frequently involve the use of classified information

-0 _11

Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a

nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis

However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt

AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in

the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where

designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning

purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that

It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish

that some will drop out but that others will be added so that

the total will remain roughly constant

which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work

to increase the average coat of in-country programs These

include

1 Inflation and

2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams

to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization

rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated

Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)

would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs

hold effects etc) 4444

- + ++ +

MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be

rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4

The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely

Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to

substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng

if + ++ if+ifif if

preussurea boen maintained to increase +

the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi

4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif

and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are

extremely limited in their resources They already contribute

in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM

However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are

reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future

- +

i

umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~

W9Um of tug

aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13

for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8

25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm

to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m

h1thfythgU V

amlo nf UWL mIam

Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000

toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse

toqeutioe sremI the

the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas

alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha

+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite

eeAbleof a mniut smestrat

+ ++++- + ++

- 22D -

Some country programs may drop out but others may be added

or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some

fashion since current staffing levels and administrative

costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated

It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset

the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at

this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response

by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe

the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and

81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time

23

C Social Analaysis

One of the major objectives of the program is to meet

the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life

with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of

economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components

of the labor force In order to realize progress certain

social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the

the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within

the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow

process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program

In many instances trade union organizations provide the

only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation

himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to

an improvement in his social well being The training of

leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly

with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with

small social impact projects provides the means whereby

attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to

the national level

It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity

labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining

economic and social benefits for their members This will be

reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work

and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will

- 24 shy

play in influencing the governments labor legislation and

its economic and social development programs Quantitative

data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained

in the country program matrices (eg membership social

services working conditions public influence governmental

relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases

but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with

any degree of validity

The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working

class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries

the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian

Union Development Services program which not only provides

for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the

development of cooperatives and the health field as well

The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis

participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of

women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal

pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs

During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses

included 16 women students while women students comprised

22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to

further improve this record

-- ---

- 25 -

One of the more important aspects of the program is that

it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a

significant number of low income people an opportunity to

seek improvement in their economic and social condition

through better representation and an opportunity to

participate in decisions affecting their working lives

D Economic Analysis

The nature of the labor develooment program as described

herein involves a mix of political social and economic

considerations and justifications It is difficult to

distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any

particular country at any given time let alone the region

as a whole

From the economic standzoint success in the project will

generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand

signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure

accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r

several of the country matries rcC_r _ns

will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments

but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level

which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable

reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues

payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations

and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the

- 26 shy

program and these too are not reliably reported Additional

amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE

obtained by the unions for their members and others through

collective bargaining but in this case we have the same

problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting

units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion

of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union

leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased

earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the

problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must

be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional

standpoint

- 27 -

PART IV

IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements

1 Recipient

The American Institute for Free Labor Development

(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this

project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the

the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to

the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director

directs the development and implementation of programs and has

responsibility for the overall operation of the organization

The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible

directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies

and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the

Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and

monitor these programs on a continuing basis

Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director

in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD

is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity

of the program in country

The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and

administers the educational activities of the Institute and in

particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the

University Program and for providing technical services to the

- 28 shy

various country education programs The Front Royal Institute

provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably

be offered in individual countries The University Labor

Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified

young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university

level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of

labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the

Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links

the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -

Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American

The Department of Social Projects assists in the development

of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives

community projects and where appropriate housing projects

workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing

the importance of making credit available for local labor

organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a

Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this

field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this

nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in

establishing credit programs for workers)

The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of

Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and

Information Services

- 29 -

AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated

in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It

received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that

time it has received continuing support from AID and has

developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it

to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and

presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry

out the program under consideration

2 AID

Management of the project is centered in the Labor

Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and

Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau

of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through

designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches

or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project

The design and implementation of each of the Country programs

is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department

of State

- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

7P -111 - L

gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44

444444+ 444444444444

4444444444 44444444gt444

O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy

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- 19 -

In examining the objectively verifiable indicators

used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards

goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress

in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of

unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number

and members so covered All eleven include indicators which

would show improvement in the economic position of members

through increased purchasing power of union members improvement

in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In

order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national

level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation

Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public

Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision

Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in

National Decision Making

In summary the currently planned End of Project Status

(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the

following dates

No Countries DATE (FY)

1 78

2 80

2 81

1 87

1 91

1 95 4 97

20

PART III

PROJECT ANALYSIS

A Technical Analysis

This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962

which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in

Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for

the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as

There is no alternate organization in the US which might

replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor

business and government and has developed staff organization

and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out

the Latin American Free Labor Development Program

Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the

carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to

labor education and social development activities throughout

the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other

support activities which have contributed to the existence and

effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of

Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser

The locales are classroomsextent social project development

and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in

only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current

technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program

objectives

21

Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy

country activities in the field will continue generally along

presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis

on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social

projects and a heavy component of participant training

Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program

proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents

(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are

finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the

US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites

Programs also vary in each country from time to time

depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the

part of the host governments and the local labor sector to

US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They

reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor

Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free

Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor

leaders

B bull Financial Analysis and Plan

The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current

year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for

complete details) The largest component of this total consists

of individual country programs which presently total 13

These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program

averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and

- 22 shy

$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate

a permanent in-country office including a resident US

representative The remainder consist of programs primarily

educational seminars and in some cases small social project

programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program

Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses

are in line with other AID contract representatives and could

not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of

allowances required by essentially all US citizens working

abroad

aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of

typical country program could be made only by eliminating the

US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two

reasons

1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its

financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)

which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with

labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country

where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis

to a large number of participants in educational programs who

are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy

ability

2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for

discussions of political matters with the Embassy which

frequently involve the use of classified information

-0 _11

Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a

nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis

However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt

AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in

the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where

designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning

purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that

It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish

that some will drop out but that others will be added so that

the total will remain roughly constant

which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work

to increase the average coat of in-country programs These

include

1 Inflation and

2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams

to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization

rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated

Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)

would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs

hold effects etc) 4444

- + ++ +

MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be

rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4

The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely

Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to

substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng

if + ++ if+ifif if

preussurea boen maintained to increase +

the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi

4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif

and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are

extremely limited in their resources They already contribute

in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM

However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are

reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future

- +

i

umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~

W9Um of tug

aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13

for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8

25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm

to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m

h1thfythgU V

amlo nf UWL mIam

Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000

toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse

toqeutioe sremI the

the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas

alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha

+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite

eeAbleof a mniut smestrat

+ ++++- + ++

- 22D -

Some country programs may drop out but others may be added

or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some

fashion since current staffing levels and administrative

costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated

It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset

the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at

this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response

by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe

the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and

81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time

23

C Social Analaysis

One of the major objectives of the program is to meet

the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life

with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of

economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components

of the labor force In order to realize progress certain

social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the

the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within

the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow

process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program

In many instances trade union organizations provide the

only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation

himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to

an improvement in his social well being The training of

leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly

with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with

small social impact projects provides the means whereby

attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to

the national level

It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity

labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining

economic and social benefits for their members This will be

reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work

and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will

- 24 shy

play in influencing the governments labor legislation and

its economic and social development programs Quantitative

data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained

in the country program matrices (eg membership social

services working conditions public influence governmental

relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases

but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with

any degree of validity

The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working

class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries

the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian

Union Development Services program which not only provides

for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the

development of cooperatives and the health field as well

The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis

participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of

women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal

pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs

During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses

included 16 women students while women students comprised

22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to

further improve this record

-- ---

- 25 -

One of the more important aspects of the program is that

it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a

significant number of low income people an opportunity to

seek improvement in their economic and social condition

through better representation and an opportunity to

participate in decisions affecting their working lives

D Economic Analysis

The nature of the labor develooment program as described

herein involves a mix of political social and economic

considerations and justifications It is difficult to

distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any

particular country at any given time let alone the region

as a whole

From the economic standzoint success in the project will

generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand

signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure

accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r

several of the country matries rcC_r _ns

will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments

but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level

which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable

reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues

payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations

and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the

- 26 shy

program and these too are not reliably reported Additional

amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE

obtained by the unions for their members and others through

collective bargaining but in this case we have the same

problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting

units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion

of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union

leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased

earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the

problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must

be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional

standpoint

- 27 -

PART IV

IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements

1 Recipient

The American Institute for Free Labor Development

(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this

project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the

the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to

the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director

directs the development and implementation of programs and has

responsibility for the overall operation of the organization

The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible

directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies

and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the

Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and

monitor these programs on a continuing basis

Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director

in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD

is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity

of the program in country

The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and

administers the educational activities of the Institute and in

particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the

University Program and for providing technical services to the

- 28 shy

various country education programs The Front Royal Institute

provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably

be offered in individual countries The University Labor

Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified

young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university

level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of

labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the

Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links

the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -

Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American

The Department of Social Projects assists in the development

of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives

community projects and where appropriate housing projects

workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing

the importance of making credit available for local labor

organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a

Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this

field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this

nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in

establishing credit programs for workers)

The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of

Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and

Information Services

- 29 -

AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated

in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It

received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that

time it has received continuing support from AID and has

developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it

to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and

presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry

out the program under consideration

2 AID

Management of the project is centered in the Labor

Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and

Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau

of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through

designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches

or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project

The design and implementation of each of the Country programs

is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department

of State

- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

7P -111 - L

gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44

444444+ 444444444444

4444444444 44444444gt444

O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy

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20

PART III

PROJECT ANALYSIS

A Technical Analysis

This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962

which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in

Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for

the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as

There is no alternate organization in the US which might

replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor

business and government and has developed staff organization

and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out

the Latin American Free Labor Development Program

Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the

carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to

labor education and social development activities throughout

the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other

support activities which have contributed to the existence and

effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of

Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser

The locales are classroomsextent social project development

and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in

only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current

technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program

objectives

21

Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy

country activities in the field will continue generally along

presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis

on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social

projects and a heavy component of participant training

Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program

proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents

(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are

finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the

US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites

Programs also vary in each country from time to time

depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the

part of the host governments and the local labor sector to

US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They

reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor

Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free

Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor

leaders

B bull Financial Analysis and Plan

The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current

year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for

complete details) The largest component of this total consists

of individual country programs which presently total 13

These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program

averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and

- 22 shy

$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate

a permanent in-country office including a resident US

representative The remainder consist of programs primarily

educational seminars and in some cases small social project

programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program

Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses

are in line with other AID contract representatives and could

not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of

allowances required by essentially all US citizens working

abroad

aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of

typical country program could be made only by eliminating the

US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two

reasons

1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its

financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)

which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with

labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country

where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis

to a large number of participants in educational programs who

are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy

ability

2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for

discussions of political matters with the Embassy which

frequently involve the use of classified information

-0 _11

Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a

nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis

However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt

AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in

the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where

designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning

purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that

It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish

that some will drop out but that others will be added so that

the total will remain roughly constant

which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work

to increase the average coat of in-country programs These

include

1 Inflation and

2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams

to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization

rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated

Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)

would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs

hold effects etc) 4444

- + ++ +

MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be

rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4

The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely

Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to

substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng

if + ++ if+ifif if

preussurea boen maintained to increase +

the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi

4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif

and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are

extremely limited in their resources They already contribute

in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM

However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are

reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future

- +

i

umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~

W9Um of tug

aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13

for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8

25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm

to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m

h1thfythgU V

amlo nf UWL mIam

Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000

toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse

toqeutioe sremI the

the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas

alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha

+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite

eeAbleof a mniut smestrat

+ ++++- + ++

- 22D -

Some country programs may drop out but others may be added

or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some

fashion since current staffing levels and administrative

costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated

It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset

the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at

this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response

by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe

the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and

81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time

23

C Social Analaysis

One of the major objectives of the program is to meet

the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life

with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of

economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components

of the labor force In order to realize progress certain

social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the

the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within

the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow

process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program

In many instances trade union organizations provide the

only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation

himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to

an improvement in his social well being The training of

leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly

with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with

small social impact projects provides the means whereby

attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to

the national level

It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity

labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining

economic and social benefits for their members This will be

reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work

and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will

- 24 shy

play in influencing the governments labor legislation and

its economic and social development programs Quantitative

data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained

in the country program matrices (eg membership social

services working conditions public influence governmental

relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases

but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with

any degree of validity

The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working

class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries

the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian

Union Development Services program which not only provides

for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the

development of cooperatives and the health field as well

The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis

participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of

women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal

pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs

During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses

included 16 women students while women students comprised

22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to

further improve this record

-- ---

- 25 -

One of the more important aspects of the program is that

it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a

significant number of low income people an opportunity to

seek improvement in their economic and social condition

through better representation and an opportunity to

participate in decisions affecting their working lives

D Economic Analysis

The nature of the labor develooment program as described

herein involves a mix of political social and economic

considerations and justifications It is difficult to

distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any

particular country at any given time let alone the region

as a whole

From the economic standzoint success in the project will

generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand

signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure

accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r

several of the country matries rcC_r _ns

will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments

but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level

which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable

reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues

payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations

and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the

- 26 shy

program and these too are not reliably reported Additional

amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE

obtained by the unions for their members and others through

collective bargaining but in this case we have the same

problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting

units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion

of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union

leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased

earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the

problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must

be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional

standpoint

- 27 -

PART IV

IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements

1 Recipient

The American Institute for Free Labor Development

(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this

project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the

the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to

the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director

directs the development and implementation of programs and has

responsibility for the overall operation of the organization

The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible

directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies

and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the

Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and

monitor these programs on a continuing basis

Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director

in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD

is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity

of the program in country

The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and

administers the educational activities of the Institute and in

particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the

University Program and for providing technical services to the

- 28 shy

various country education programs The Front Royal Institute

provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably

be offered in individual countries The University Labor

Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified

young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university

level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of

labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the

Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links

the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -

Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American

The Department of Social Projects assists in the development

of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives

community projects and where appropriate housing projects

workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing

the importance of making credit available for local labor

organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a

Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this

field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this

nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in

establishing credit programs for workers)

The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of

Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and

Information Services

- 29 -

AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated

in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It

received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that

time it has received continuing support from AID and has

developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it

to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and

presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry

out the program under consideration

2 AID

Management of the project is centered in the Labor

Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and

Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau

of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through

designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches

or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project

The design and implementation of each of the Country programs

is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department

of State

- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

7P -111 - L

gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44

444444+ 444444444444

4444444444 44444444gt444

O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy

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21

Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy

country activities in the field will continue generally along

presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis

on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social

projects and a heavy component of participant training

Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program

proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents

(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are

finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the

US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites

Programs also vary in each country from time to time

depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the

part of the host governments and the local labor sector to

US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They

reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor

Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free

Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor

leaders

B bull Financial Analysis and Plan

The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current

year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for

complete details) The largest component of this total consists

of individual country programs which presently total 13

These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program

averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and

- 22 shy

$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate

a permanent in-country office including a resident US

representative The remainder consist of programs primarily

educational seminars and in some cases small social project

programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program

Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses

are in line with other AID contract representatives and could

not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of

allowances required by essentially all US citizens working

abroad

aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of

typical country program could be made only by eliminating the

US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two

reasons

1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its

financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)

which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with

labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country

where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis

to a large number of participants in educational programs who

are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy

ability

2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for

discussions of political matters with the Embassy which

frequently involve the use of classified information

-0 _11

Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a

nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis

However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt

AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in

the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where

designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning

purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that

It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish

that some will drop out but that others will be added so that

the total will remain roughly constant

which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work

to increase the average coat of in-country programs These

include

1 Inflation and

2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams

to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization

rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated

Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)

would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs

hold effects etc) 4444

- + ++ +

MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be

rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4

The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely

Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to

substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng

if + ++ if+ifif if

preussurea boen maintained to increase +

the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi

4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif

and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are

extremely limited in their resources They already contribute

in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM

However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are

reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future

- +

i

umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~

W9Um of tug

aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13

for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8

25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm

to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m

h1thfythgU V

amlo nf UWL mIam

Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000

toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse

toqeutioe sremI the

the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas

alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha

+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite

eeAbleof a mniut smestrat

+ ++++- + ++

- 22D -

Some country programs may drop out but others may be added

or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some

fashion since current staffing levels and administrative

costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated

It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset

the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at

this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response

by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe

the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and

81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time

23

C Social Analaysis

One of the major objectives of the program is to meet

the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life

with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of

economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components

of the labor force In order to realize progress certain

social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the

the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within

the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow

process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program

In many instances trade union organizations provide the

only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation

himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to

an improvement in his social well being The training of

leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly

with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with

small social impact projects provides the means whereby

attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to

the national level

It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity

labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining

economic and social benefits for their members This will be

reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work

and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will

- 24 shy

play in influencing the governments labor legislation and

its economic and social development programs Quantitative

data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained

in the country program matrices (eg membership social

services working conditions public influence governmental

relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases

but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with

any degree of validity

The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working

class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries

the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian

Union Development Services program which not only provides

for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the

development of cooperatives and the health field as well

The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis

participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of

women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal

pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs

During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses

included 16 women students while women students comprised

22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to

further improve this record

-- ---

- 25 -

One of the more important aspects of the program is that

it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a

significant number of low income people an opportunity to

seek improvement in their economic and social condition

through better representation and an opportunity to

participate in decisions affecting their working lives

D Economic Analysis

The nature of the labor develooment program as described

herein involves a mix of political social and economic

considerations and justifications It is difficult to

distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any

particular country at any given time let alone the region

as a whole

From the economic standzoint success in the project will

generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand

signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure

accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r

several of the country matries rcC_r _ns

will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments

but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level

which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable

reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues

payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations

and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the

- 26 shy

program and these too are not reliably reported Additional

amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE

obtained by the unions for their members and others through

collective bargaining but in this case we have the same

problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting

units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion

of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union

leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased

earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the

problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must

be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional

standpoint

- 27 -

PART IV

IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements

1 Recipient

The American Institute for Free Labor Development

(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this

project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the

the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to

the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director

directs the development and implementation of programs and has

responsibility for the overall operation of the organization

The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible

directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies

and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the

Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and

monitor these programs on a continuing basis

Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director

in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD

is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity

of the program in country

The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and

administers the educational activities of the Institute and in

particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the

University Program and for providing technical services to the

- 28 shy

various country education programs The Front Royal Institute

provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably

be offered in individual countries The University Labor

Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified

young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university

level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of

labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the

Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links

the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -

Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American

The Department of Social Projects assists in the development

of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives

community projects and where appropriate housing projects

workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing

the importance of making credit available for local labor

organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a

Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this

field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this

nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in

establishing credit programs for workers)

The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of

Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and

Information Services

- 29 -

AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated

in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It

received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that

time it has received continuing support from AID and has

developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it

to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and

presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry

out the program under consideration

2 AID

Management of the project is centered in the Labor

Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and

Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau

of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through

designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches

or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project

The design and implementation of each of the Country programs

is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department

of State

- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

7P -111 - L

gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44

444444+ 444444444444

4444444444 44444444gt444

O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy

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- 22 shy

$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate

a permanent in-country office including a resident US

representative The remainder consist of programs primarily

educational seminars and in some cases small social project

programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program

Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses

are in line with other AID contract representatives and could

not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of

allowances required by essentially all US citizens working

abroad

aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of

typical country program could be made only by eliminating the

US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two

reasons

1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its

financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)

which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with

labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country

where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis

to a large number of participants in educational programs who

are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy

ability

2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for

discussions of political matters with the Embassy which

frequently involve the use of classified information

-0 _11

Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a

nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis

However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt

AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in

the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where

designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning

purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that

It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish

that some will drop out but that others will be added so that

the total will remain roughly constant

which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work

to increase the average coat of in-country programs These

include

1 Inflation and

2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams

to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization

rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated

Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)

would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs

hold effects etc) 4444

- + ++ +

MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be

rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4

The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely

Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to

substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng

if + ++ if+ifif if

preussurea boen maintained to increase +

the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi

4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif

and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are

extremely limited in their resources They already contribute

in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM

However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are

reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future

- +

i

umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~

W9Um of tug

aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13

for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8

25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm

to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m

h1thfythgU V

amlo nf UWL mIam

Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000

toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse

toqeutioe sremI the

the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas

alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha

+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite

eeAbleof a mniut smestrat

+ ++++- + ++

- 22D -

Some country programs may drop out but others may be added

or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some

fashion since current staffing levels and administrative

costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated

It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset

the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at

this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response

by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe

the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and

81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time

23

C Social Analaysis

One of the major objectives of the program is to meet

the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life

with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of

economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components

of the labor force In order to realize progress certain

social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the

the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within

the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow

process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program

In many instances trade union organizations provide the

only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation

himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to

an improvement in his social well being The training of

leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly

with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with

small social impact projects provides the means whereby

attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to

the national level

It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity

labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining

economic and social benefits for their members This will be

reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work

and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will

- 24 shy

play in influencing the governments labor legislation and

its economic and social development programs Quantitative

data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained

in the country program matrices (eg membership social

services working conditions public influence governmental

relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases

but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with

any degree of validity

The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working

class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries

the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian

Union Development Services program which not only provides

for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the

development of cooperatives and the health field as well

The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis

participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of

women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal

pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs

During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses

included 16 women students while women students comprised

22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to

further improve this record

-- ---

- 25 -

One of the more important aspects of the program is that

it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a

significant number of low income people an opportunity to

seek improvement in their economic and social condition

through better representation and an opportunity to

participate in decisions affecting their working lives

D Economic Analysis

The nature of the labor develooment program as described

herein involves a mix of political social and economic

considerations and justifications It is difficult to

distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any

particular country at any given time let alone the region

as a whole

From the economic standzoint success in the project will

generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand

signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure

accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r

several of the country matries rcC_r _ns

will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments

but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level

which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable

reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues

payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations

and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the

- 26 shy

program and these too are not reliably reported Additional

amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE

obtained by the unions for their members and others through

collective bargaining but in this case we have the same

problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting

units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion

of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union

leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased

earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the

problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must

be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional

standpoint

- 27 -

PART IV

IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements

1 Recipient

The American Institute for Free Labor Development

(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this

project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the

the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to

the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director

directs the development and implementation of programs and has

responsibility for the overall operation of the organization

The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible

directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies

and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the

Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and

monitor these programs on a continuing basis

Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director

in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD

is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity

of the program in country

The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and

administers the educational activities of the Institute and in

particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the

University Program and for providing technical services to the

- 28 shy

various country education programs The Front Royal Institute

provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably

be offered in individual countries The University Labor

Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified

young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university

level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of

labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the

Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links

the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -

Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American

The Department of Social Projects assists in the development

of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives

community projects and where appropriate housing projects

workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing

the importance of making credit available for local labor

organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a

Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this

field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this

nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in

establishing credit programs for workers)

The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of

Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and

Information Services

- 29 -

AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated

in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It

received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that

time it has received continuing support from AID and has

developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it

to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and

presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry

out the program under consideration

2 AID

Management of the project is centered in the Labor

Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and

Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau

of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through

designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches

or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project

The design and implementation of each of the Country programs

is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department

of State

- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

7P -111 - L

gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44

444444+ 444444444444

4444444444 44444444gt444

O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy

lt4444

L4

uC4

S0

0

0 0

9i0IC)

04J

E

u A44

044J~4

r w

a)04

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0 0

4J U

gt u

04 J

0 r

4J 041 040

4J w

Q

)I $4

M W

-0

0 H

H

u0 -r

i z

00 W

u

04

H

n co

M

P-N

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41 1

1

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0 R

Na

lot 1~i

oil

4

14s

7V

A

VA

~~

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R-

jib

so

AtA

II$

Is

0

4t

a

mo

00w

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~I~J

NNI

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CA

C

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bs

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2m

-0 _11

Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a

nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis

However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt

AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in

the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where

designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning

purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that

It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish

that some will drop out but that others will be added so that

the total will remain roughly constant

which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work

to increase the average coat of in-country programs These

include

1 Inflation and

2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams

to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization

rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated

Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)

would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs

hold effects etc) 4444

- + ++ +

MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be

rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4

The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely

Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to

substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng

if + ++ if+ifif if

preussurea boen maintained to increase +

the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi

4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif

and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are

extremely limited in their resources They already contribute

in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM

However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are

reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future

- +

i

umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~

W9Um of tug

aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13

for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8

25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm

to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m

h1thfythgU V

amlo nf UWL mIam

Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000

toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse

toqeutioe sremI the

the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas

alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha

+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite

eeAbleof a mniut smestrat

+ ++++- + ++

- 22D -

Some country programs may drop out but others may be added

or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some

fashion since current staffing levels and administrative

costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated

It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset

the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at

this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response

by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe

the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and

81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time

23

C Social Analaysis

One of the major objectives of the program is to meet

the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life

with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of

economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components

of the labor force In order to realize progress certain

social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the

the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within

the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow

process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program

In many instances trade union organizations provide the

only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation

himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to

an improvement in his social well being The training of

leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly

with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with

small social impact projects provides the means whereby

attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to

the national level

It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity

labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining

economic and social benefits for their members This will be

reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work

and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will

- 24 shy

play in influencing the governments labor legislation and

its economic and social development programs Quantitative

data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained

in the country program matrices (eg membership social

services working conditions public influence governmental

relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases

but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with

any degree of validity

The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working

class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries

the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian

Union Development Services program which not only provides

for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the

development of cooperatives and the health field as well

The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis

participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of

women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal

pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs

During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses

included 16 women students while women students comprised

22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to

further improve this record

-- ---

- 25 -

One of the more important aspects of the program is that

it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a

significant number of low income people an opportunity to

seek improvement in their economic and social condition

through better representation and an opportunity to

participate in decisions affecting their working lives

D Economic Analysis

The nature of the labor develooment program as described

herein involves a mix of political social and economic

considerations and justifications It is difficult to

distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any

particular country at any given time let alone the region

as a whole

From the economic standzoint success in the project will

generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand

signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure

accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r

several of the country matries rcC_r _ns

will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments

but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level

which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable

reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues

payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations

and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the

- 26 shy

program and these too are not reliably reported Additional

amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE

obtained by the unions for their members and others through

collective bargaining but in this case we have the same

problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting

units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion

of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union

leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased

earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the

problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must

be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional

standpoint

- 27 -

PART IV

IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements

1 Recipient

The American Institute for Free Labor Development

(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this

project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the

the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to

the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director

directs the development and implementation of programs and has

responsibility for the overall operation of the organization

The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible

directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies

and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the

Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and

monitor these programs on a continuing basis

Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director

in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD

is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity

of the program in country

The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and

administers the educational activities of the Institute and in

particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the

University Program and for providing technical services to the

- 28 shy

various country education programs The Front Royal Institute

provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably

be offered in individual countries The University Labor

Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified

young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university

level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of

labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the

Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links

the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -

Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American

The Department of Social Projects assists in the development

of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives

community projects and where appropriate housing projects

workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing

the importance of making credit available for local labor

organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a

Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this

field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this

nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in

establishing credit programs for workers)

The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of

Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and

Information Services

- 29 -

AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated

in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It

received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that

time it has received continuing support from AID and has

developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it

to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and

presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry

out the program under consideration

2 AID

Management of the project is centered in the Labor

Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and

Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau

of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through

designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches

or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project

The design and implementation of each of the Country programs

is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department

of State

- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

7P -111 - L

gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44

444444+ 444444444444

4444444444 44444444gt444

O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy

lt4444

L4

uC4

S0

0

0 0

9i0IC)

04J

E

u A44

044J~4

r w

a)04

NW

I 1-

0 0

4J U

gt u

04 J

0 r

4J 041 040

4J w

Q

)I $4

M W

-0

0 H

H

u0 -r

i z

00 W

u

04

H

n co

M

P-N

M

41 1

1

Ii

0 R

Na

lot 1~i

oil

4

14s

7V

A

VA

~~

i

TI

A

~

~~~~

~~~~

~tM

R-

jib

so

AtA

II$

Is

0

4t

a

mo

00w

ow

W

~I~J

NNI

I _

__

lo

~J66

Aaw

m

CA

C

shy

m

bs

I

2m

- + ++ +

MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be

rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4

The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely

Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to

substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng

if + ++ if+ifif if

preussurea boen maintained to increase +

the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi

4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif

and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are

extremely limited in their resources They already contribute

in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM

However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are

reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future

- +

i

umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~

W9Um of tug

aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13

for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8

25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm

to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m

h1thfythgU V

amlo nf UWL mIam

Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000

toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse

toqeutioe sremI the

the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas

alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha

+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite

eeAbleof a mniut smestrat

+ ++++- + ++

- 22D -

Some country programs may drop out but others may be added

or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some

fashion since current staffing levels and administrative

costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated

It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset

the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at

this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response

by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe

the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and

81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time

23

C Social Analaysis

One of the major objectives of the program is to meet

the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life

with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of

economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components

of the labor force In order to realize progress certain

social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the

the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within

the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow

process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program

In many instances trade union organizations provide the

only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation

himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to

an improvement in his social well being The training of

leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly

with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with

small social impact projects provides the means whereby

attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to

the national level

It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity

labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining

economic and social benefits for their members This will be

reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work

and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will

- 24 shy

play in influencing the governments labor legislation and

its economic and social development programs Quantitative

data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained

in the country program matrices (eg membership social

services working conditions public influence governmental

relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases

but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with

any degree of validity

The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working

class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries

the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian

Union Development Services program which not only provides

for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the

development of cooperatives and the health field as well

The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis

participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of

women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal

pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs

During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses

included 16 women students while women students comprised

22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to

further improve this record

-- ---

- 25 -

One of the more important aspects of the program is that

it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a

significant number of low income people an opportunity to

seek improvement in their economic and social condition

through better representation and an opportunity to

participate in decisions affecting their working lives

D Economic Analysis

The nature of the labor develooment program as described

herein involves a mix of political social and economic

considerations and justifications It is difficult to

distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any

particular country at any given time let alone the region

as a whole

From the economic standzoint success in the project will

generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand

signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure

accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r

several of the country matries rcC_r _ns

will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments

but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level

which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable

reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues

payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations

and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the

- 26 shy

program and these too are not reliably reported Additional

amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE

obtained by the unions for their members and others through

collective bargaining but in this case we have the same

problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting

units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion

of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union

leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased

earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the

problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must

be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional

standpoint

- 27 -

PART IV

IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements

1 Recipient

The American Institute for Free Labor Development

(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this

project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the

the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to

the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director

directs the development and implementation of programs and has

responsibility for the overall operation of the organization

The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible

directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies

and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the

Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and

monitor these programs on a continuing basis

Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director

in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD

is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity

of the program in country

The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and

administers the educational activities of the Institute and in

particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the

University Program and for providing technical services to the

- 28 shy

various country education programs The Front Royal Institute

provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably

be offered in individual countries The University Labor

Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified

young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university

level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of

labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the

Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links

the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -

Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American

The Department of Social Projects assists in the development

of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives

community projects and where appropriate housing projects

workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing

the importance of making credit available for local labor

organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a

Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this

field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this

nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in

establishing credit programs for workers)

The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of

Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and

Information Services

- 29 -

AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated

in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It

received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that

time it has received continuing support from AID and has

developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it

to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and

presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry

out the program under consideration

2 AID

Management of the project is centered in the Labor

Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and

Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau

of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through

designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches

or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project

The design and implementation of each of the Country programs

is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department

of State

- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

7P -111 - L

gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44

444444+ 444444444444

4444444444 44444444gt444

O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy

lt4444

L4

uC4

S0

0

0 0

9i0IC)

04J

E

u A44

044J~4

r w

a)04

NW

I 1-

0 0

4J U

gt u

04 J

0 r

4J 041 040

4J w

Q

)I $4

M W

-0

0 H

H

u0 -r

i z

00 W

u

04

H

n co

M

P-N

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41 1

1

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Na

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oil

4

14s

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~~

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~

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Is

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ow

W

~I~J

NNI

I _

__

lo

~J66

Aaw

m

CA

C

shy

m

bs

I

2m

umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~

W9Um of tug

aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13

for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8

25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm

to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m

h1thfythgU V

amlo nf UWL mIam

Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000

toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse

toqeutioe sremI the

the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas

alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha

+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite

eeAbleof a mniut smestrat

+ ++++- + ++

- 22D -

Some country programs may drop out but others may be added

or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some

fashion since current staffing levels and administrative

costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated

It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset

the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at

this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response

by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe

the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and

81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time

23

C Social Analaysis

One of the major objectives of the program is to meet

the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life

with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of

economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components

of the labor force In order to realize progress certain

social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the

the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within

the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow

process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program

In many instances trade union organizations provide the

only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation

himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to

an improvement in his social well being The training of

leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly

with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with

small social impact projects provides the means whereby

attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to

the national level

It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity

labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining

economic and social benefits for their members This will be

reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work

and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will

- 24 shy

play in influencing the governments labor legislation and

its economic and social development programs Quantitative

data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained

in the country program matrices (eg membership social

services working conditions public influence governmental

relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases

but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with

any degree of validity

The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working

class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries

the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian

Union Development Services program which not only provides

for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the

development of cooperatives and the health field as well

The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis

participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of

women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal

pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs

During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses

included 16 women students while women students comprised

22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to

further improve this record

-- ---

- 25 -

One of the more important aspects of the program is that

it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a

significant number of low income people an opportunity to

seek improvement in their economic and social condition

through better representation and an opportunity to

participate in decisions affecting their working lives

D Economic Analysis

The nature of the labor develooment program as described

herein involves a mix of political social and economic

considerations and justifications It is difficult to

distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any

particular country at any given time let alone the region

as a whole

From the economic standzoint success in the project will

generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand

signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure

accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r

several of the country matries rcC_r _ns

will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments

but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level

which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable

reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues

payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations

and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the

- 26 shy

program and these too are not reliably reported Additional

amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE

obtained by the unions for their members and others through

collective bargaining but in this case we have the same

problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting

units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion

of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union

leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased

earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the

problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must

be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional

standpoint

- 27 -

PART IV

IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements

1 Recipient

The American Institute for Free Labor Development

(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this

project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the

the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to

the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director

directs the development and implementation of programs and has

responsibility for the overall operation of the organization

The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible

directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies

and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the

Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and

monitor these programs on a continuing basis

Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director

in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD

is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity

of the program in country

The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and

administers the educational activities of the Institute and in

particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the

University Program and for providing technical services to the

- 28 shy

various country education programs The Front Royal Institute

provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably

be offered in individual countries The University Labor

Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified

young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university

level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of

labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the

Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links

the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -

Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American

The Department of Social Projects assists in the development

of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives

community projects and where appropriate housing projects

workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing

the importance of making credit available for local labor

organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a

Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this

field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this

nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in

establishing credit programs for workers)

The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of

Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and

Information Services

- 29 -

AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated

in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It

received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that

time it has received continuing support from AID and has

developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it

to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and

presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry

out the program under consideration

2 AID

Management of the project is centered in the Labor

Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and

Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau

of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through

designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches

or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project

The design and implementation of each of the Country programs

is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department

of State

- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

7P -111 - L

gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44

444444+ 444444444444

4444444444 44444444gt444

O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy

lt4444

L4

uC4

S0

0

0 0

9i0IC)

04J

E

u A44

044J~4

r w

a)04

NW

I 1-

0 0

4J U

gt u

04 J

0 r

4J 041 040

4J w

Q

)I $4

M W

-0

0 H

H

u0 -r

i z

00 W

u

04

H

n co

M

P-N

M

41 1

1

Ii

0 R

Na

lot 1~i

oil

4

14s

7V

A

VA

~~

i

TI

A

~

~~~~

~~~~

~tM

R-

jib

so

AtA

II$

Is

0

4t

a

mo

00w

ow

W

~I~J

NNI

I _

__

lo

~J66

Aaw

m

CA

C

shy

m

bs

I

2m

- 22D -

Some country programs may drop out but others may be added

or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some

fashion since current staffing levels and administrative

costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated

It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset

the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at

this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response

by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe

the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and

81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time

23

C Social Analaysis

One of the major objectives of the program is to meet

the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life

with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of

economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components

of the labor force In order to realize progress certain

social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the

the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within

the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow

process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program

In many instances trade union organizations provide the

only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation

himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to

an improvement in his social well being The training of

leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly

with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with

small social impact projects provides the means whereby

attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to

the national level

It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity

labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining

economic and social benefits for their members This will be

reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work

and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will

- 24 shy

play in influencing the governments labor legislation and

its economic and social development programs Quantitative

data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained

in the country program matrices (eg membership social

services working conditions public influence governmental

relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases

but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with

any degree of validity

The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working

class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries

the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian

Union Development Services program which not only provides

for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the

development of cooperatives and the health field as well

The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis

participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of

women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal

pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs

During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses

included 16 women students while women students comprised

22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to

further improve this record

-- ---

- 25 -

One of the more important aspects of the program is that

it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a

significant number of low income people an opportunity to

seek improvement in their economic and social condition

through better representation and an opportunity to

participate in decisions affecting their working lives

D Economic Analysis

The nature of the labor develooment program as described

herein involves a mix of political social and economic

considerations and justifications It is difficult to

distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any

particular country at any given time let alone the region

as a whole

From the economic standzoint success in the project will

generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand

signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure

accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r

several of the country matries rcC_r _ns

will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments

but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level

which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable

reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues

payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations

and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the

- 26 shy

program and these too are not reliably reported Additional

amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE

obtained by the unions for their members and others through

collective bargaining but in this case we have the same

problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting

units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion

of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union

leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased

earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the

problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must

be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional

standpoint

- 27 -

PART IV

IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements

1 Recipient

The American Institute for Free Labor Development

(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this

project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the

the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to

the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director

directs the development and implementation of programs and has

responsibility for the overall operation of the organization

The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible

directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies

and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the

Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and

monitor these programs on a continuing basis

Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director

in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD

is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity

of the program in country

The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and

administers the educational activities of the Institute and in

particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the

University Program and for providing technical services to the

- 28 shy

various country education programs The Front Royal Institute

provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably

be offered in individual countries The University Labor

Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified

young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university

level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of

labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the

Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links

the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -

Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American

The Department of Social Projects assists in the development

of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives

community projects and where appropriate housing projects

workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing

the importance of making credit available for local labor

organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a

Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this

field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this

nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in

establishing credit programs for workers)

The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of

Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and

Information Services

- 29 -

AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated

in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It

received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that

time it has received continuing support from AID and has

developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it

to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and

presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry

out the program under consideration

2 AID

Management of the project is centered in the Labor

Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and

Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau

of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through

designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches

or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project

The design and implementation of each of the Country programs

is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department

of State

- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

7P -111 - L

gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44

444444+ 444444444444

4444444444 44444444gt444

O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy

lt4444

L4

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0

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9i0IC)

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r w

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23

C Social Analaysis

One of the major objectives of the program is to meet

the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life

with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of

economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components

of the labor force In order to realize progress certain

social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the

the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within

the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow

process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program

In many instances trade union organizations provide the

only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation

himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to

an improvement in his social well being The training of

leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly

with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with

small social impact projects provides the means whereby

attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to

the national level

It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity

labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining

economic and social benefits for their members This will be

reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work

and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will

- 24 shy

play in influencing the governments labor legislation and

its economic and social development programs Quantitative

data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained

in the country program matrices (eg membership social

services working conditions public influence governmental

relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases

but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with

any degree of validity

The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working

class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries

the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian

Union Development Services program which not only provides

for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the

development of cooperatives and the health field as well

The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis

participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of

women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal

pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs

During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses

included 16 women students while women students comprised

22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to

further improve this record

-- ---

- 25 -

One of the more important aspects of the program is that

it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a

significant number of low income people an opportunity to

seek improvement in their economic and social condition

through better representation and an opportunity to

participate in decisions affecting their working lives

D Economic Analysis

The nature of the labor develooment program as described

herein involves a mix of political social and economic

considerations and justifications It is difficult to

distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any

particular country at any given time let alone the region

as a whole

From the economic standzoint success in the project will

generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand

signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure

accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r

several of the country matries rcC_r _ns

will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments

but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level

which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable

reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues

payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations

and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the

- 26 shy

program and these too are not reliably reported Additional

amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE

obtained by the unions for their members and others through

collective bargaining but in this case we have the same

problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting

units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion

of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union

leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased

earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the

problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must

be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional

standpoint

- 27 -

PART IV

IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements

1 Recipient

The American Institute for Free Labor Development

(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this

project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the

the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to

the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director

directs the development and implementation of programs and has

responsibility for the overall operation of the organization

The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible

directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies

and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the

Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and

monitor these programs on a continuing basis

Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director

in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD

is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity

of the program in country

The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and

administers the educational activities of the Institute and in

particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the

University Program and for providing technical services to the

- 28 shy

various country education programs The Front Royal Institute

provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably

be offered in individual countries The University Labor

Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified

young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university

level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of

labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the

Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links

the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -

Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American

The Department of Social Projects assists in the development

of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives

community projects and where appropriate housing projects

workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing

the importance of making credit available for local labor

organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a

Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this

field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this

nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in

establishing credit programs for workers)

The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of

Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and

Information Services

- 29 -

AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated

in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It

received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that

time it has received continuing support from AID and has

developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it

to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and

presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry

out the program under consideration

2 AID

Management of the project is centered in the Labor

Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and

Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau

of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through

designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches

or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project

The design and implementation of each of the Country programs

is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department

of State

- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

7P -111 - L

gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44

444444+ 444444444444

4444444444 44444444gt444

O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy

lt4444

L4

uC4

S0

0

0 0

9i0IC)

04J

E

u A44

044J~4

r w

a)04

NW

I 1-

0 0

4J U

gt u

04 J

0 r

4J 041 040

4J w

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)I $4

M W

-0

0 H

H

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i z

00 W

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04

H

n co

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P-N

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R-

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II$

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4t

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W

~I~J

NNI

I _

__

lo

~J66

Aaw

m

CA

C

shy

m

bs

I

2m

- 24 shy

play in influencing the governments labor legislation and

its economic and social development programs Quantitative

data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained

in the country program matrices (eg membership social

services working conditions public influence governmental

relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases

but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with

any degree of validity

The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working

class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries

the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian

Union Development Services program which not only provides

for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the

development of cooperatives and the health field as well

The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis

participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of

women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal

pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs

During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses

included 16 women students while women students comprised

22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to

further improve this record

-- ---

- 25 -

One of the more important aspects of the program is that

it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a

significant number of low income people an opportunity to

seek improvement in their economic and social condition

through better representation and an opportunity to

participate in decisions affecting their working lives

D Economic Analysis

The nature of the labor develooment program as described

herein involves a mix of political social and economic

considerations and justifications It is difficult to

distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any

particular country at any given time let alone the region

as a whole

From the economic standzoint success in the project will

generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand

signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure

accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r

several of the country matries rcC_r _ns

will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments

but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level

which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable

reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues

payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations

and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the

- 26 shy

program and these too are not reliably reported Additional

amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE

obtained by the unions for their members and others through

collective bargaining but in this case we have the same

problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting

units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion

of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union

leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased

earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the

problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must

be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional

standpoint

- 27 -

PART IV

IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements

1 Recipient

The American Institute for Free Labor Development

(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this

project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the

the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to

the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director

directs the development and implementation of programs and has

responsibility for the overall operation of the organization

The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible

directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies

and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the

Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and

monitor these programs on a continuing basis

Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director

in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD

is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity

of the program in country

The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and

administers the educational activities of the Institute and in

particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the

University Program and for providing technical services to the

- 28 shy

various country education programs The Front Royal Institute

provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably

be offered in individual countries The University Labor

Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified

young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university

level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of

labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the

Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links

the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -

Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American

The Department of Social Projects assists in the development

of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives

community projects and where appropriate housing projects

workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing

the importance of making credit available for local labor

organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a

Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this

field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this

nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in

establishing credit programs for workers)

The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of

Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and

Information Services

- 29 -

AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated

in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It

received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that

time it has received continuing support from AID and has

developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it

to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and

presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry

out the program under consideration

2 AID

Management of the project is centered in the Labor

Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and

Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau

of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through

designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches

or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project

The design and implementation of each of the Country programs

is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department

of State

- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

7P -111 - L

gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44

444444+ 444444444444

4444444444 44444444gt444

O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy

lt4444

L4

uC4

S0

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-- ---

- 25 -

One of the more important aspects of the program is that

it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a

significant number of low income people an opportunity to

seek improvement in their economic and social condition

through better representation and an opportunity to

participate in decisions affecting their working lives

D Economic Analysis

The nature of the labor develooment program as described

herein involves a mix of political social and economic

considerations and justifications It is difficult to

distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any

particular country at any given time let alone the region

as a whole

From the economic standzoint success in the project will

generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand

signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure

accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r

several of the country matries rcC_r _ns

will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments

but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level

which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable

reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues

payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations

and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the

- 26 shy

program and these too are not reliably reported Additional

amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE

obtained by the unions for their members and others through

collective bargaining but in this case we have the same

problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting

units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion

of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union

leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased

earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the

problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must

be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional

standpoint

- 27 -

PART IV

IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements

1 Recipient

The American Institute for Free Labor Development

(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this

project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the

the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to

the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director

directs the development and implementation of programs and has

responsibility for the overall operation of the organization

The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible

directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies

and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the

Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and

monitor these programs on a continuing basis

Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director

in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD

is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity

of the program in country

The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and

administers the educational activities of the Institute and in

particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the

University Program and for providing technical services to the

- 28 shy

various country education programs The Front Royal Institute

provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably

be offered in individual countries The University Labor

Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified

young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university

level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of

labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the

Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links

the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -

Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American

The Department of Social Projects assists in the development

of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives

community projects and where appropriate housing projects

workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing

the importance of making credit available for local labor

organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a

Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this

field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this

nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in

establishing credit programs for workers)

The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of

Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and

Information Services

- 29 -

AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated

in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It

received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that

time it has received continuing support from AID and has

developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it

to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and

presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry

out the program under consideration

2 AID

Management of the project is centered in the Labor

Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and

Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau

of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through

designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches

or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project

The design and implementation of each of the Country programs

is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department

of State

- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

7P -111 - L

gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44

444444+ 444444444444

4444444444 44444444gt444

O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy

lt4444

L4

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- 26 shy

program and these too are not reliably reported Additional

amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE

obtained by the unions for their members and others through

collective bargaining but in this case we have the same

problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting

units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion

of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union

leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased

earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the

problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must

be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional

standpoint

- 27 -

PART IV

IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements

1 Recipient

The American Institute for Free Labor Development

(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this

project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the

the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to

the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director

directs the development and implementation of programs and has

responsibility for the overall operation of the organization

The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible

directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies

and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the

Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and

monitor these programs on a continuing basis

Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director

in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD

is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity

of the program in country

The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and

administers the educational activities of the Institute and in

particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the

University Program and for providing technical services to the

- 28 shy

various country education programs The Front Royal Institute

provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably

be offered in individual countries The University Labor

Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified

young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university

level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of

labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the

Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links

the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -

Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American

The Department of Social Projects assists in the development

of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives

community projects and where appropriate housing projects

workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing

the importance of making credit available for local labor

organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a

Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this

field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this

nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in

establishing credit programs for workers)

The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of

Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and

Information Services

- 29 -

AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated

in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It

received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that

time it has received continuing support from AID and has

developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it

to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and

presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry

out the program under consideration

2 AID

Management of the project is centered in the Labor

Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and

Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau

of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through

designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches

or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project

The design and implementation of each of the Country programs

is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department

of State

- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

7P -111 - L

gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44

444444+ 444444444444

4444444444 44444444gt444

O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy

lt4444

L4

uC4

S0

0

0 0

9i0IC)

04J

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- 27 -

PART IV

IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS

A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements

1 Recipient

The American Institute for Free Labor Development

(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this

project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the

the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to

the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director

directs the development and implementation of programs and has

responsibility for the overall operation of the organization

The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible

directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies

and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the

Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and

monitor these programs on a continuing basis

Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director

in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD

is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity

of the program in country

The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and

administers the educational activities of the Institute and in

particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the

University Program and for providing technical services to the

- 28 shy

various country education programs The Front Royal Institute

provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably

be offered in individual countries The University Labor

Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified

young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university

level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of

labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the

Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links

the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -

Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American

The Department of Social Projects assists in the development

of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives

community projects and where appropriate housing projects

workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing

the importance of making credit available for local labor

organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a

Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this

field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this

nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in

establishing credit programs for workers)

The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of

Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and

Information Services

- 29 -

AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated

in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It

received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that

time it has received continuing support from AID and has

developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it

to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and

presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry

out the program under consideration

2 AID

Management of the project is centered in the Labor

Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and

Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau

of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through

designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches

or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project

The design and implementation of each of the Country programs

is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department

of State

- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

7P -111 - L

gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44

444444+ 444444444444

4444444444 44444444gt444

O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy

lt4444

L4

uC4

S0

0

0 0

9i0IC)

04J

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u A44

044J~4

r w

a)04

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I 1-

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gt u

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-0

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- 28 shy

various country education programs The Front Royal Institute

provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably

be offered in individual countries The University Labor

Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified

young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university

level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of

labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the

Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links

the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -

Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American

The Department of Social Projects assists in the development

of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives

community projects and where appropriate housing projects

workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing

the importance of making credit available for local labor

organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a

Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this

field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this

nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in

establishing credit programs for workers)

The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of

Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and

Information Services

- 29 -

AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated

in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It

received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that

time it has received continuing support from AID and has

developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it

to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and

presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry

out the program under consideration

2 AID

Management of the project is centered in the Labor

Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and

Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau

of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through

designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches

or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project

The design and implementation of each of the Country programs

is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department

of State

- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

7P -111 - L

gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44

444444+ 444444444444

4444444444 44444444gt444

O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy

lt4444

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- 29 -

AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated

in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It

received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that

time it has received continuing support from AID and has

developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it

to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America

and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and

presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry

out the program under consideration

2 AID

Management of the project is centered in the Labor

Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and

Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau

of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through

designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches

or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project

The design and implementation of each of the Country programs

is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department

of State

- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

7P -111 - L

gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44

444444+ 444444444444

4444444444 44444444gt444

O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy

lt4444

L4

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0

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- 30 -

B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative

February 1977 PP Approved

March 1977 PIOT Issued

March 1977 ContractExtension Signed

January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew

Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed

annually AID support for this project must remain flexible

during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly

changing political economic and social factors in the various

recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement

of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination

of the country program matrices which are appended to this

Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance

in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency

in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is

therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program

design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs

dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the

reality of local and regional situations

C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project

The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis

AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status

of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and

regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in

- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

7P -111 - L

gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44

444444+ 444444444444

4444444444 44444444gt444

O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy

lt4444

L4

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- 31 shy

conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor

Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports

and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW

Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this

project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements

During the life of the project it is likely that indicators

of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be

changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects

in a particular country or region

The annual evaluation and review of the project will

determine the next years funding levels of the various components

of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this

project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made

Participants in this review may in all likelihood include

contract evaluation personnel

D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status

The regional contract and the two grants which together

cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon

approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents

of this paper

ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

7P -111 - L

gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44

444444+ 444444444444

4444444444 44444444gt444

O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy

lt4444

L4

uC4

S0

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ANNEX - 1

COUNTRY MATRICES

ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

7P -111 - L

gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44

444444+ 444444444444

4444444444 44444444gt444

O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy

lt4444

L4

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ANNEX shy 2

INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)

Participating Unions

American Federation of Teachers - AFT

American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA

Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC

Communications Workers of America - CWA

Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA

Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA

Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

7P -111 - L

gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44

444444+ 444444444444

4444444444 44444444gt444

O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy

lt4444

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2m

ANNEX 3

AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS

AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS

($000)

FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977

Estimated FY 1978

Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----

Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg

----------

------ ---- --- - ------

---

El Salvador Peru etc

$ 140 290 137 183

-108

181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180

$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160

TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099

AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS

Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)

$ 210 240 200 731

$ 320 210 175 725

$ 385 210 175 725

TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495

HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------

$ 856 1515

$ 860 1471

$ 860 1471

TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331

TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)

$5772 $5860 $5925

+ + lll +++++

4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o

I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++

oraTonract $ 47 $00

4 4 4+++44444+4 +

7P -111 - L

gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44

444444+ 444444444444

4444444444 44444444gt444

O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy

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