Upload
others
View
2
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
______ ______
I TRANSACTION CODe C -
A GNCY ON INKI NAtiO AL CVOIO PCNT 1 AO PpA 0 ANpound
PROJECT PAPER FACEHEET A 2 ODEUpound 3
3 COUNTRYIENTITY 4 OOCUMENT REVISION NUMBER
LA Regional S PROJECT NUMBER (7 digits) 6 1BUREAUOFFrICE 7 PROJECT TITLE (Weximum 40 cheactitrs)
0 COOP_A SYmi0E-9-00
98- 0101 I LA CE5 1 Lree Labor Development (AIFLD) 8 EST7AATEO FY OF PROJECT COMPLETION 9 ESTIMATED DATE OF OBLIGATION
I INI TIAL Y [ 71271 IS QUARTER0 oniuigA WyL -1 0 C IN AL IT LLjJ Of~~fig
I0 ESTIMATED COSTS (5000 OR EQUIVALENT SI - I
LIFE___ OF PROJECT___FYAFUDNORZFIRST A F I ex OU1 0 rOTAL C X W LC G TOTAL
[j_______T______AID APPROPRIA TZO TOTAL RJC
CRAN TI _ 5860 [30)985
LV ANI _____IT__
H~OST COUNTRY ______ ______ ______1
OTHER ONORIS I t _TOTALS ______________ _____
1 1 PROPOSED SUCCE7 AP OPIA-SC rUNCS 5000)
A APPRO- B PRIMARY =RIMARlY TESCH CODS E IST xY 2
IN0FY78 ~3ROFY 71PRIATION UIRPOSE aR A - A RA) N RANTml J AN - aAN A ANO DE [I I II I 31 HR 68 690______ I1 9I6 c 10
-37ALS 5P60 f55 0 =
t TH deg(2 - 521 LI OF P JpoundC 2 N-OEP=TN EVAL-S
11 4TH 7 574 __ LIFE OF PRCJECT UATION SCH)ECULEC A APPROP IA TION I 3
- ARANNN RANr S aAN0 3RAN r O R
(_ 16500 1 16500 130985 1
_ I I I 8(3)
(4) 1_ _ 1 _deg degIo5oTOTALS - _ __ I I_deg 1 _5 _
1 r O R LCKS 12 13 1A OR 15 OR IN POP FACESNEET OTA 7LOCK IZ IF
13 OATA CHANGE IN1fulCA 4EPE CIANG S MACE IN T-4= -10 ACESHEET CATA YES ATTACH CrANGeo PI FACE3HNET
I R1 G OFFI CLEARANCE_ IS OAT OOCUME RECEIVED IN AIDW OR FOR AIOW 0OCU
SIGN4TU-l ME--TS OrATE OF DISTRIBUTION
Ch~ar Xs ner
TITLE DATE SIGNED Associate Assistant Administrator LAMRSD y Th1 v_DoI
pound60 1330-4 13-74177
DEPARTMENT OF STATE AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
ALLIANCE FOR PROGRESS WASHINGTO D C 20523
Meeting of the
DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE (DAEC)
Friday February_25 1977 - 230 pm
Room 3484 NS
LATIN AMERICAN REGIONAL - Free Labor Development (AIFLD)
DISTRIBUTION ARALA AALA ENSGirard LAOPNS CUyehara
PRomano LAGCJKessler (2)LADRCWeinberg (6)LADPECoy (8) LAMRSD CRGrader ARAANDFDevine (6)ARACARTHeavner (4)LACARWWheeler (3) ARA-LACEN MWeissman (8) ARA JDreyfuss ARA-LAPAN RCamaur ECARZimmerman (4)PPCDPREEHogan (6) PHAPVC JUlinski (2) OLABDGood (3)SERRODLA GDwoskin (2)ARARPP JOGrady
NOTE Annex 1 (Country Matrices) have not been includedwith all copies Copies are available in Room 3254 NS LAMRSDL
PROJECT PAPER
LATIN AMERICA BUREAU
OFFICE OF MULTILATERAL COORDINATION AND REGIONAL SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS
Q February 1977
PART 1 - SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
A Face Sheet Data
Project Title Free Labor Movement
Project Number 598-0101
Project Officer George W Phillips
Project Duration Contiiuing
Project Funding FY 1977 through FY 1981
B Recommendations Amount Cumulative
Year Type Funding ($000) Total ($000)
FY 77 Grant 5860 5860
FY 78 Grant 5925 11785
FY 79 Grant 6200 17985
FY 80 Grant 6500 24485
FY 81 Grant 6500 30985
C Description of Project
This is a human resources development project to
strengthen free trade union institutions in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is a regional program Activities
are presently carried out through 13 national programs
2 sub-regional (Caribbean and Central American) a regional
Agrarian Union Development program and a regional union-toshy
union program The project seeks to improve free trade
union leadership at all levels through a variety of
educational activities and social projects
Twenty thousand trade unionists annually will partishy
cipate in workshops and seminars in their own countries
Approximately 300 trade union leaders will be trained in
the United States annually at Front Royal Five hundred
will participate in international conferences Small
($5000-$50000) projects such as credit unions worker
housing and consumer cooperatives will be financed to
improve the social and economic conditions of Latin American
working men and women These projects will be financed from
a Regional Revolving Loan Fund ($800000 capital as of
92076) Smaller impact projects under $5000 each will
be financed from funds provided by the AFL-CIO (approximately
$50000 annually) Through research centers data will be
collected on cost of living comparisons of trade union
rights labor codes comparative salaries and benefits in
2
various sectors and the results distributed to interested
labor organizations for use in bargaining and government
relations Through the Agrarian Union Development Services
program AIFLD will strengthen the leadership of campesino
unions and develop institutions such as producer and marketing
cooperatives and community services for participating members
The American Institute for Free Labor Development (AIFLD)
will carry out most of the activities of this project directly
The remainder the union-to-union program will be carried
out under subgrants by AIFLD to International Trade Secretarshy
iats (international labor institutions organized within a
single industry or sector ie teachers textile workers)
There are seven International Trade Secretariats (ITS) with
US affiliates and in turn affiliated with the International
(ICFTU) participating inConfederation of Free Trade Unions
the project (See Annex 2 International Trade Union Organishy
zations)
The labor organizations in Latin America with whom
free democratic trade unions federationsAIFLD works are
and confederations For the purpose of this project free
democratic trade union organizations can be defined as
1 Those which are affiliated directly or indirectly
with the ICFTU its Inter-American Regional
Organization (ORIT) or one or more of its
International Trade Secretariats or
3
2 Independent unions federations or confederations
(not affiliated with the ICFTU the Christian
Democrat World Confederation of Labor (WCL) or
the Communist World Federation of Trade Unions
(WFTU)
Section 601 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 as
amended declares it to be the policy of the United States
to encourage efforts to strengthen free labor unions in less
developed countries It continues to be AID policy to
strengthen the development capabilities of labor unions to
enhance the skills employment opportunities productivity
freedom and welfare of working men and women In accordance
with AID Policy as defined in a Determination Paper signed
May 2 1973 former Administrator Hannah stated that
Economic growth is not the end purpose of development
but rather is one of the means for attaining developshy
ment objectives A major such objective is to meet
the aspirations of workers and their families for a
better life with dignity and freedom and to help
spread the benefits of economic progress among the wage
and salary components of the labor force In providing
development assistance AID should encourage the developshy
ment of strong independent responsible and democratic
organizations of workers which can engage in collective
4
bargaining and perform other useful functions in the
improvement of the economic and social life of their
members
The Policy paper further states Free and responsible
labor unions enjoying the right to engage in collective
bargaining can have an important role in the process of
modernization and the social and economic development of
the less developed countries For example by acting as
forums for the etchange of information and instruments for
attitudinal change on vLtal development issues such as
bringing to the fore difficult questions of social welfare
and equitable distribution of income seeking to improve the
conditions under which the commitment of labor to industry
takes place and helping advance population and family
planning goals labor unions may strengthen the forces in
a society which are impelling it to modernize
D Summary Findings
This project is consistent with the Foreign Assistance
Act of 1961 as amended and meets the criteria of Section
601 22 USC 2351 to foster private initiative and
competition to encourage the development and use of
cooperatives credit unions and savings and loan associations
to discourage monopolistic practices to improve the technical
efficiency of their industry agriculture and commerce and
5
to strengthen free labor unions In addition this
project is in concert with the Congressional Mandate of
1973 Sections 103 105 106 and 107 which call on AID
to provide basic services to poor people enhancing
their capacity for self-help to increase manpower
training in skills related to development to help
solve economic and social development problems in fields
such as transportation power industry urban development
and export development Congress support of a subshy
stantial role in foreign aid through US private organizshy
ations is well known and is repeated in miny of the Congressional
reports The House Foreign Affairs Committee wrote the Agency
would be expected to work closely with those (private) US
institutions and groups which already have ties established
in the recipient countries The people-to-people
institution-to-institution relationship between Americans
working in development and their equivalent organized groups
in the developing countries is a valuable concept
The project meets all applicable statutory criteria
E Project Issues
1 Is it in the best interest of the US Government
and the AID in particular to propose a five-year program
with AIFLD as this Project Paper proposes to do Are there
other options that the USG should consider
2 What are the prospects for AIFLD country programs being
continued in the region as more and more of the bilateral
6
AID programs are phased out
3 Might it be better to have AIFLD continue the
educational phase of the program and have social developshy
ment programs (health cooperatives etc) funded through
the Operational Program Grants
4 Rather than depend on a US-based private
organization operating primarily through bilateral programs
might it not be better to emphasize regional programs through
regional labor groups such as ORIT or the ITSs
5 Is it appropriate to support AIFLD programs in the
campesino sector
6 Is the balance between administrative and program
cost appropriate
7
PART II
A Background
This project is a follow-on effort to a project begun in
1962 From 1962 to FY 1973 labor programs in Latin American
countries were managed and funded by the USAIDs while US
training and AIFLD headquarters support operations were
managed and funded by AIDW
In FY 1973 all free labor development activities in the
region both US and in-country were combined into one
regional project The project is managed and funded by the
LA Bureau but maintains Country Team involvement in project
design analysis monitoring and evaluation
A comprehensive study of United States Labor Programs in
Latin America was conducted in 1975 by consultants Robert
Alexander and Henry Hammond Dr Alexander a university
professor is a recognized authority on Latin American organized
labor Henry Hammond is a retired Foreign Service Officer with
long experience as a Labor Attache in Latin America
The purpose of the study was to examine labor programs in
light of the significant political economic and social changes
which have occurred in Latin America since 1962 the beginning
of the Alliance for Progress The consultantsreport concluded
among other things
8
1 Aid to free trade unions or those aspiring to
be free conforms to the beliefs which hopefully are shared
by the great majority of our fellow citizens and support the
policy of our government These include a democratic
pluralistic society of relative equality of wealth of power of
social status (The United States Government is not alone in
supporting programs among others are the governments of West
Germany Sweden Netherlands and Great Britain as well as the
Soviet Union)
2 In certain Latin American countries problems may
arise in conducting labor programs due to local abuse of
traditional labor law or limitation on the right to strike
bargain collectively etc In such cases the role of AIFLD may
be
a To support those elementz in the labor
movement which under existing conditions are trying to maintain
something approaching a free labor movement or
b To train younger and 1cwer ranking labor
leaders so that when conditions improve they can renew
collective bargaining and the functiooning of trade union
democracy
3 Whether or not a labor program should be
maintained in a country which represses the free trade union
movement has to be the result of a Ualanced assessment of what
is to be gained and what is to be lost given the particular
c~rcumtances
~-~--- With WbtAWet IN~
represents at this tie the best IWutMxt to SZUy tie
AofWUnited ItprinoI~pa 9de
Latin AMexica Ibct aUM
9 Detailed 0escromL
The Latin Ameicn Mteebt LeR vpni
eseially a cnuiat aon -a rtelow baLSof IM m1 eS bestblihedin 142 with th eia ttate ftw rm
by us Labort PrtvaWte Mpts adi MS Vole OVWUSS AS
the present tise k=W Country SUaShesS are optatwu Iamp Is
L4 countries Zn the mS advanced tntiW hSIUU8 a$
traininq 40 perons per cycle an a mLdestia basts hir Le
to seven cycles Per yea at Tronst ToLVa i a speeI
moris is tiatnm 11-20 pet~aup 1wS LeUniversity amo wsimwashtngton through a mnsotim of ft
AZD has been tbe PuLIaPaL OOM Of tedS duttW U5 Pee
funia period and anears WL~y to tesl est at Ieasth
the near ftues The AZP ammil obuggtt sampe 6 f
$56 milon atae fT 103 reagia ftm aM 5ffOLWaU S iamp
173 toa lo ofV$1fliLUwi La 2f4s IS Iss rum~ ow
-n~i~ pc m ba bes bmb m ashy
omisendatUss of OfJaiLi Pa
A- shy
IV
subamlow~aa nal tatilo owbekieoo MgAm=uwAMvqomm4p
is~N Oleeuaas subampims Uw Pt
Mo asM1=0SMall mn 9 0
0w imf awtmLauli aatt
off foam umJAnwLfimiea
NoUw aMwFmpose toam senil
AilimaWaewomm asAhii
304
--4 S
4 ove soialoia n r
5 Increased labor influence on national
Vol Increased membership paric pation jiIn r
attabs of natlon4 labor organixationsp local unions and
a lasS SMmp ons of Goal Achievements Goal aches twl3 depend not only on the direct impact and
ofWtheW prjctipusbu h4940i Uv ls n economic- shy
and poUtal ollmste of each program country It is assumed Men W UaLptinq countries the development of democraticthe
Maittia (udnios) imoreases the probability of a more eSsitabl d1trLbution of wealth and a stronger labor movement AUL eune nore Luesco on the political economic and social
de~epetproe It is further aemmed that such peeiat willMaLU11w untos to operate indepefdently and
eame the 1vegmmets wr Political parties will ffectively wuvs or U6h0it Mo 1e4e Pmt of dementi~a unions nor
News
a minauth et w~ey o e
aiv~ko ~ ~ tk~
12
educational programs to heighten the effectiveness of labor
leadership and administration at all levels Other types of
assistance will include fostering social projects related to
labor organizations (eg credit unions consumer cooperatives
clinics community development etc) Another aspect of this
project is to strengthen communication and collaboration
between the free labor organizations of the various countries
and between them and the principal appropriate international
labor organizations-- the Inter-American Regional Organization
of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (ITS)
as well as the AFL-CIO itself Such associations will complement
other measures to enhance the stature of Latin American labor
organizations and to assist their progress toward free democratic
and responsible unionism
b Conditions Expected at End of Project (Targets)For each participating country
one (or more) national democratic labor confederation that has
competent leadership and adequate staff has an adequate operating
budget is financially self-sufficient provides a series of
services to its affiliates is located in its own national headshy
quarters periodically publishes a newspaper or newsletter is
governed in a democratic manner and is affiliated with and pays
dues to ORIT Targets for each country or sub-regional program
as well as growth in labor union membership income from dues
union financial strength and the number quality and coverage
of collective agreements are specified in the attached country
13
matrices (Annex one (1))
It should be clearly borne in mind however that attempts to measure such quantitative changes are difficult because available country data are often not available or reliable
Further growth may be stopped or even reversed at times because of unforeseen political factors which negate the best efforts of the contractor Therefore the EOPS targets as indicated in the attached country matrices vary considerably and may have to be changed from time to time In certain cases EOPS of longer than five years are indicated in other cases it has proved impossible to identify an EOPS date which appears realistic to all parties including the CT and AIDW Accordingly for overall purposes of the regional Project Paper five year approval of the regional labor program is requested in order to cover all AIFLD programs anticipated to be in operation during
the period FY 1977-1981
Hopefully a significant portion of the in-country activities of the project (eg operation of national training programs and social projects) will have been taken over by LA countries or international labor organizations by the time of final termination of AID funding to this project In some cases this may depend upon an increase in the income and staff of the principal appropriate international labor organizations--the
Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (=TS) so that they could
14
supplement the capacity of the less-developed labor movements
The same could also be said of the relationship between
stronger and weaker labor organizations within each country
Consequently a strengthening of ties (through increased
affiliations and dues contributions) between labor organizations
both nationally and internationally will be an important
condition precedent to the end of the AID-financed project
c Basic Assumptions The basic assumption
concerning design-of this project is that workers in the other
countries of the region can best be helped to achieve the goal
by an organization closely related to the labor movement in the
United States This assumption proceeds from matters of
feelings of fraternal solidaritytechnical expertise as well as
and was the underlying reason for making the American Institute
for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) the chosen instrument of
AID for this project Another important assumption is that
the governments of the several countries will continue to permit
AIFLD to operate within their jurisdictions and will honor
their international commitments favoring free labor organizations
3 Project Outputs
a Training courses will be given in the various
Latin American countries dealing with fundamental labor union
themes such as labor law and practice social security law and
practice collective bargaining and grievance procedures
parliamentary procedure and public speaking history of the
15
international labor union movement social theory labor union
accounting communications and public relations Such
courses are given at basic intermediate and specialized levels
Special courses are provided for agrarian rural workers
(compesinos) teachers and for members of cooperatives associated
with labor unions
Two hundred graduates of local courses come to the United
States annually for advanced training at the AIFLD center
at Front Royal Virginia Examples of such courses include
Techniques of Organizing
The role of Trade Union Women in Economic Development
Labor Relations amp Collective Bargaining
Collective Bargaining amp Research
Collective Bargaining amp Trade Union Rights
Adjustment to Automation
A specially selected group of 15-20 participants annually US
receives a specialuniversity level curriculum These partshy
icipants are elected or appointed union officials who are
currently at the policy making level This training is conshy
ducted in Spanish in the Washington DC area by professors
from the Consortium of DC area universities The courses
include subjects such as Survey of Basic Economics International
Relations Industrial Sociology Survey of Contemporary Latin
16
America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and
Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political
Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor
Relations in Latin America and individual research projects
AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali
Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists
to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD
provides technical assistance in management of credit unions
and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type
of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances
the prestige and attraction of free labor unions
b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed
in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic
intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services
for their members and organizational units established (education
social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for
local programs
c Important Output Assumptions
1 The ability of union leaders to
negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies
more effective union management based on AIFLD education of
union leadership
17
2 Union members will devote free time at
night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers
will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy
time courses
3 Trained instructors will be available to
conduct education programs
4 Project Inputs
a Kinds of Inputs
US Government
1 Funds for program and administrative
expenses
Logistic support (motor pool furniture2
duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the
country and EmbassyUSAID policy
Other Donors
1 Local logistic support (use of free
classroom space and instructors)
Funds for special project activities2
(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)
AIFLD private funds for special projects3
4 ITS private funds for shared staff and
program costs
5 Local funds for lost-time payments to
somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in
cases
18
US Government
Estimated costs of the program to the US
Government over the project period have been estimated on the
basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by
country and by time period the totals reveal an order of
magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows
1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ
60 52 44 55 14
The largest single element is comprised of
country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy
to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include
advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support
($15)
5 Analyses of Country Matrices
A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each
country regional and sub-regional program The indicators
selected are considered to be significantly better than previous
project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the
project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements
in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience
in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted
in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent
upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions
relative-to labor unions within each country
- 19 -
In examining the objectively verifiable indicators
used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards
goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress
in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of
unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number
and members so covered All eleven include indicators which
would show improvement in the economic position of members
through increased purchasing power of union members improvement
in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In
order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national
level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation
Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public
Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision
Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in
National Decision Making
In summary the currently planned End of Project Status
(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the
following dates
No Countries DATE (FY)
1 78
2 80
2 81
1 87
1 91
1 95 4 97
20
PART III
PROJECT ANALYSIS
A Technical Analysis
This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962
which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in
Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for
the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as
There is no alternate organization in the US which might
replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor
business and government and has developed staff organization
and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out
the Latin American Free Labor Development Program
Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the
carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to
labor education and social development activities throughout
the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other
support activities which have contributed to the existence and
effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of
Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser
The locales are classroomsextent social project development
and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in
only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current
technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program
objectives
21
Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy
country activities in the field will continue generally along
presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis
on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social
projects and a heavy component of participant training
Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program
proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents
(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are
finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the
US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites
Programs also vary in each country from time to time
depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the
part of the host governments and the local labor sector to
US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They
reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor
Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free
Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor
leaders
B bull Financial Analysis and Plan
The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current
year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for
complete details) The largest component of this total consists
of individual country programs which presently total 13
These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program
averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and
- 22 shy
$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate
a permanent in-country office including a resident US
representative The remainder consist of programs primarily
educational seminars and in some cases small social project
programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program
Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses
are in line with other AID contract representatives and could
not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of
allowances required by essentially all US citizens working
abroad
aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of
typical country program could be made only by eliminating the
US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two
reasons
1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its
financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)
which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with
labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country
where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis
to a large number of participants in educational programs who
are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy
ability
2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for
discussions of political matters with the Embassy which
frequently involve the use of classified information
-0 _11
Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a
nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis
However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt
AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in
the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where
designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning
purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that
It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish
that some will drop out but that others will be added so that
the total will remain roughly constant
which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work
to increase the average coat of in-country programs These
include
1 Inflation and
2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams
to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization
rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated
Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)
would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs
hold effects etc) 4444
- + ++ +
MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be
rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4
The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely
Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to
substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng
if + ++ if+ifif if
preussurea boen maintained to increase +
the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi
4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif
and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are
extremely limited in their resources They already contribute
in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM
However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are
reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future
- +
i
umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~
W9Um of tug
aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13
for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8
25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm
to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m
h1thfythgU V
amlo nf UWL mIam
Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000
toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse
toqeutioe sremI the
the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas
alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha
+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite
eeAbleof a mniut smestrat
+ ++++- + ++
- 22D -
Some country programs may drop out but others may be added
or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some
fashion since current staffing levels and administrative
costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated
It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset
the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at
this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response
by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe
the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and
81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time
23
C Social Analaysis
One of the major objectives of the program is to meet
the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life
with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of
economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components
of the labor force In order to realize progress certain
social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the
the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within
the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow
process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program
In many instances trade union organizations provide the
only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation
himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to
an improvement in his social well being The training of
leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly
with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with
small social impact projects provides the means whereby
attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to
the national level
It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity
labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining
economic and social benefits for their members This will be
reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work
and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will
- 24 shy
play in influencing the governments labor legislation and
its economic and social development programs Quantitative
data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained
in the country program matrices (eg membership social
services working conditions public influence governmental
relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases
but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with
any degree of validity
The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working
class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries
the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian
Union Development Services program which not only provides
for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the
development of cooperatives and the health field as well
The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis
participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of
women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal
pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs
During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses
included 16 women students while women students comprised
22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to
further improve this record
-- ---
- 25 -
One of the more important aspects of the program is that
it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a
significant number of low income people an opportunity to
seek improvement in their economic and social condition
through better representation and an opportunity to
participate in decisions affecting their working lives
D Economic Analysis
The nature of the labor develooment program as described
herein involves a mix of political social and economic
considerations and justifications It is difficult to
distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any
particular country at any given time let alone the region
as a whole
From the economic standzoint success in the project will
generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand
signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure
accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r
several of the country matries rcC_r _ns
will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments
but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level
which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable
reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues
payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations
and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the
- 26 shy
program and these too are not reliably reported Additional
amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE
obtained by the unions for their members and others through
collective bargaining but in this case we have the same
problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting
units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion
of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union
leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased
earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the
problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must
be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional
standpoint
- 27 -
PART IV
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements
1 Recipient
The American Institute for Free Labor Development
(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this
project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the
the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to
the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director
directs the development and implementation of programs and has
responsibility for the overall operation of the organization
The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible
directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies
and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the
Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and
monitor these programs on a continuing basis
Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director
in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD
is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity
of the program in country
The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and
administers the educational activities of the Institute and in
particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the
University Program and for providing technical services to the
- 28 shy
various country education programs The Front Royal Institute
provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably
be offered in individual countries The University Labor
Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified
young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university
level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of
labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the
Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links
the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -
Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American
The Department of Social Projects assists in the development
of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives
community projects and where appropriate housing projects
workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing
the importance of making credit available for local labor
organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a
Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this
field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this
nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in
establishing credit programs for workers)
The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of
Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and
Information Services
- 29 -
AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated
in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It
received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that
time it has received continuing support from AID and has
developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it
to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and
presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry
out the program under consideration
2 AID
Management of the project is centered in the Labor
Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and
Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau
of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through
designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches
or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project
The design and implementation of each of the Country programs
is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department
of State
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
DEPARTMENT OF STATE AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
ALLIANCE FOR PROGRESS WASHINGTO D C 20523
Meeting of the
DEVELOPMENT ASSISTANCE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE (DAEC)
Friday February_25 1977 - 230 pm
Room 3484 NS
LATIN AMERICAN REGIONAL - Free Labor Development (AIFLD)
DISTRIBUTION ARALA AALA ENSGirard LAOPNS CUyehara
PRomano LAGCJKessler (2)LADRCWeinberg (6)LADPECoy (8) LAMRSD CRGrader ARAANDFDevine (6)ARACARTHeavner (4)LACARWWheeler (3) ARA-LACEN MWeissman (8) ARA JDreyfuss ARA-LAPAN RCamaur ECARZimmerman (4)PPCDPREEHogan (6) PHAPVC JUlinski (2) OLABDGood (3)SERRODLA GDwoskin (2)ARARPP JOGrady
NOTE Annex 1 (Country Matrices) have not been includedwith all copies Copies are available in Room 3254 NS LAMRSDL
PROJECT PAPER
LATIN AMERICA BUREAU
OFFICE OF MULTILATERAL COORDINATION AND REGIONAL SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS
Q February 1977
PART 1 - SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
A Face Sheet Data
Project Title Free Labor Movement
Project Number 598-0101
Project Officer George W Phillips
Project Duration Contiiuing
Project Funding FY 1977 through FY 1981
B Recommendations Amount Cumulative
Year Type Funding ($000) Total ($000)
FY 77 Grant 5860 5860
FY 78 Grant 5925 11785
FY 79 Grant 6200 17985
FY 80 Grant 6500 24485
FY 81 Grant 6500 30985
C Description of Project
This is a human resources development project to
strengthen free trade union institutions in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is a regional program Activities
are presently carried out through 13 national programs
2 sub-regional (Caribbean and Central American) a regional
Agrarian Union Development program and a regional union-toshy
union program The project seeks to improve free trade
union leadership at all levels through a variety of
educational activities and social projects
Twenty thousand trade unionists annually will partishy
cipate in workshops and seminars in their own countries
Approximately 300 trade union leaders will be trained in
the United States annually at Front Royal Five hundred
will participate in international conferences Small
($5000-$50000) projects such as credit unions worker
housing and consumer cooperatives will be financed to
improve the social and economic conditions of Latin American
working men and women These projects will be financed from
a Regional Revolving Loan Fund ($800000 capital as of
92076) Smaller impact projects under $5000 each will
be financed from funds provided by the AFL-CIO (approximately
$50000 annually) Through research centers data will be
collected on cost of living comparisons of trade union
rights labor codes comparative salaries and benefits in
2
various sectors and the results distributed to interested
labor organizations for use in bargaining and government
relations Through the Agrarian Union Development Services
program AIFLD will strengthen the leadership of campesino
unions and develop institutions such as producer and marketing
cooperatives and community services for participating members
The American Institute for Free Labor Development (AIFLD)
will carry out most of the activities of this project directly
The remainder the union-to-union program will be carried
out under subgrants by AIFLD to International Trade Secretarshy
iats (international labor institutions organized within a
single industry or sector ie teachers textile workers)
There are seven International Trade Secretariats (ITS) with
US affiliates and in turn affiliated with the International
(ICFTU) participating inConfederation of Free Trade Unions
the project (See Annex 2 International Trade Union Organishy
zations)
The labor organizations in Latin America with whom
free democratic trade unions federationsAIFLD works are
and confederations For the purpose of this project free
democratic trade union organizations can be defined as
1 Those which are affiliated directly or indirectly
with the ICFTU its Inter-American Regional
Organization (ORIT) or one or more of its
International Trade Secretariats or
3
2 Independent unions federations or confederations
(not affiliated with the ICFTU the Christian
Democrat World Confederation of Labor (WCL) or
the Communist World Federation of Trade Unions
(WFTU)
Section 601 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 as
amended declares it to be the policy of the United States
to encourage efforts to strengthen free labor unions in less
developed countries It continues to be AID policy to
strengthen the development capabilities of labor unions to
enhance the skills employment opportunities productivity
freedom and welfare of working men and women In accordance
with AID Policy as defined in a Determination Paper signed
May 2 1973 former Administrator Hannah stated that
Economic growth is not the end purpose of development
but rather is one of the means for attaining developshy
ment objectives A major such objective is to meet
the aspirations of workers and their families for a
better life with dignity and freedom and to help
spread the benefits of economic progress among the wage
and salary components of the labor force In providing
development assistance AID should encourage the developshy
ment of strong independent responsible and democratic
organizations of workers which can engage in collective
4
bargaining and perform other useful functions in the
improvement of the economic and social life of their
members
The Policy paper further states Free and responsible
labor unions enjoying the right to engage in collective
bargaining can have an important role in the process of
modernization and the social and economic development of
the less developed countries For example by acting as
forums for the etchange of information and instruments for
attitudinal change on vLtal development issues such as
bringing to the fore difficult questions of social welfare
and equitable distribution of income seeking to improve the
conditions under which the commitment of labor to industry
takes place and helping advance population and family
planning goals labor unions may strengthen the forces in
a society which are impelling it to modernize
D Summary Findings
This project is consistent with the Foreign Assistance
Act of 1961 as amended and meets the criteria of Section
601 22 USC 2351 to foster private initiative and
competition to encourage the development and use of
cooperatives credit unions and savings and loan associations
to discourage monopolistic practices to improve the technical
efficiency of their industry agriculture and commerce and
5
to strengthen free labor unions In addition this
project is in concert with the Congressional Mandate of
1973 Sections 103 105 106 and 107 which call on AID
to provide basic services to poor people enhancing
their capacity for self-help to increase manpower
training in skills related to development to help
solve economic and social development problems in fields
such as transportation power industry urban development
and export development Congress support of a subshy
stantial role in foreign aid through US private organizshy
ations is well known and is repeated in miny of the Congressional
reports The House Foreign Affairs Committee wrote the Agency
would be expected to work closely with those (private) US
institutions and groups which already have ties established
in the recipient countries The people-to-people
institution-to-institution relationship between Americans
working in development and their equivalent organized groups
in the developing countries is a valuable concept
The project meets all applicable statutory criteria
E Project Issues
1 Is it in the best interest of the US Government
and the AID in particular to propose a five-year program
with AIFLD as this Project Paper proposes to do Are there
other options that the USG should consider
2 What are the prospects for AIFLD country programs being
continued in the region as more and more of the bilateral
6
AID programs are phased out
3 Might it be better to have AIFLD continue the
educational phase of the program and have social developshy
ment programs (health cooperatives etc) funded through
the Operational Program Grants
4 Rather than depend on a US-based private
organization operating primarily through bilateral programs
might it not be better to emphasize regional programs through
regional labor groups such as ORIT or the ITSs
5 Is it appropriate to support AIFLD programs in the
campesino sector
6 Is the balance between administrative and program
cost appropriate
7
PART II
A Background
This project is a follow-on effort to a project begun in
1962 From 1962 to FY 1973 labor programs in Latin American
countries were managed and funded by the USAIDs while US
training and AIFLD headquarters support operations were
managed and funded by AIDW
In FY 1973 all free labor development activities in the
region both US and in-country were combined into one
regional project The project is managed and funded by the
LA Bureau but maintains Country Team involvement in project
design analysis monitoring and evaluation
A comprehensive study of United States Labor Programs in
Latin America was conducted in 1975 by consultants Robert
Alexander and Henry Hammond Dr Alexander a university
professor is a recognized authority on Latin American organized
labor Henry Hammond is a retired Foreign Service Officer with
long experience as a Labor Attache in Latin America
The purpose of the study was to examine labor programs in
light of the significant political economic and social changes
which have occurred in Latin America since 1962 the beginning
of the Alliance for Progress The consultantsreport concluded
among other things
8
1 Aid to free trade unions or those aspiring to
be free conforms to the beliefs which hopefully are shared
by the great majority of our fellow citizens and support the
policy of our government These include a democratic
pluralistic society of relative equality of wealth of power of
social status (The United States Government is not alone in
supporting programs among others are the governments of West
Germany Sweden Netherlands and Great Britain as well as the
Soviet Union)
2 In certain Latin American countries problems may
arise in conducting labor programs due to local abuse of
traditional labor law or limitation on the right to strike
bargain collectively etc In such cases the role of AIFLD may
be
a To support those elementz in the labor
movement which under existing conditions are trying to maintain
something approaching a free labor movement or
b To train younger and 1cwer ranking labor
leaders so that when conditions improve they can renew
collective bargaining and the functiooning of trade union
democracy
3 Whether or not a labor program should be
maintained in a country which represses the free trade union
movement has to be the result of a Ualanced assessment of what
is to be gained and what is to be lost given the particular
c~rcumtances
~-~--- With WbtAWet IN~
represents at this tie the best IWutMxt to SZUy tie
AofWUnited ItprinoI~pa 9de
Latin AMexica Ibct aUM
9 Detailed 0escromL
The Latin Ameicn Mteebt LeR vpni
eseially a cnuiat aon -a rtelow baLSof IM m1 eS bestblihedin 142 with th eia ttate ftw rm
by us Labort PrtvaWte Mpts adi MS Vole OVWUSS AS
the present tise k=W Country SUaShesS are optatwu Iamp Is
L4 countries Zn the mS advanced tntiW hSIUU8 a$
traininq 40 perons per cycle an a mLdestia basts hir Le
to seven cycles Per yea at Tronst ToLVa i a speeI
moris is tiatnm 11-20 pet~aup 1wS LeUniversity amo wsimwashtngton through a mnsotim of ft
AZD has been tbe PuLIaPaL OOM Of tedS duttW U5 Pee
funia period and anears WL~y to tesl est at Ieasth
the near ftues The AZP ammil obuggtt sampe 6 f
$56 milon atae fT 103 reagia ftm aM 5ffOLWaU S iamp
173 toa lo ofV$1fliLUwi La 2f4s IS Iss rum~ ow
-n~i~ pc m ba bes bmb m ashy
omisendatUss of OfJaiLi Pa
A- shy
IV
subamlow~aa nal tatilo owbekieoo MgAm=uwAMvqomm4p
is~N Oleeuaas subampims Uw Pt
Mo asM1=0SMall mn 9 0
0w imf awtmLauli aatt
off foam umJAnwLfimiea
NoUw aMwFmpose toam senil
AilimaWaewomm asAhii
304
--4 S
4 ove soialoia n r
5 Increased labor influence on national
Vol Increased membership paric pation jiIn r
attabs of natlon4 labor organixationsp local unions and
a lasS SMmp ons of Goal Achievements Goal aches twl3 depend not only on the direct impact and
ofWtheW prjctipusbu h4940i Uv ls n economic- shy
and poUtal ollmste of each program country It is assumed Men W UaLptinq countries the development of democraticthe
Maittia (udnios) imoreases the probability of a more eSsitabl d1trLbution of wealth and a stronger labor movement AUL eune nore Luesco on the political economic and social
de~epetproe It is further aemmed that such peeiat willMaLU11w untos to operate indepefdently and
eame the 1vegmmets wr Political parties will ffectively wuvs or U6h0it Mo 1e4e Pmt of dementi~a unions nor
News
a minauth et w~ey o e
aiv~ko ~ ~ tk~
12
educational programs to heighten the effectiveness of labor
leadership and administration at all levels Other types of
assistance will include fostering social projects related to
labor organizations (eg credit unions consumer cooperatives
clinics community development etc) Another aspect of this
project is to strengthen communication and collaboration
between the free labor organizations of the various countries
and between them and the principal appropriate international
labor organizations-- the Inter-American Regional Organization
of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (ITS)
as well as the AFL-CIO itself Such associations will complement
other measures to enhance the stature of Latin American labor
organizations and to assist their progress toward free democratic
and responsible unionism
b Conditions Expected at End of Project (Targets)For each participating country
one (or more) national democratic labor confederation that has
competent leadership and adequate staff has an adequate operating
budget is financially self-sufficient provides a series of
services to its affiliates is located in its own national headshy
quarters periodically publishes a newspaper or newsletter is
governed in a democratic manner and is affiliated with and pays
dues to ORIT Targets for each country or sub-regional program
as well as growth in labor union membership income from dues
union financial strength and the number quality and coverage
of collective agreements are specified in the attached country
13
matrices (Annex one (1))
It should be clearly borne in mind however that attempts to measure such quantitative changes are difficult because available country data are often not available or reliable
Further growth may be stopped or even reversed at times because of unforeseen political factors which negate the best efforts of the contractor Therefore the EOPS targets as indicated in the attached country matrices vary considerably and may have to be changed from time to time In certain cases EOPS of longer than five years are indicated in other cases it has proved impossible to identify an EOPS date which appears realistic to all parties including the CT and AIDW Accordingly for overall purposes of the regional Project Paper five year approval of the regional labor program is requested in order to cover all AIFLD programs anticipated to be in operation during
the period FY 1977-1981
Hopefully a significant portion of the in-country activities of the project (eg operation of national training programs and social projects) will have been taken over by LA countries or international labor organizations by the time of final termination of AID funding to this project In some cases this may depend upon an increase in the income and staff of the principal appropriate international labor organizations--the
Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (=TS) so that they could
14
supplement the capacity of the less-developed labor movements
The same could also be said of the relationship between
stronger and weaker labor organizations within each country
Consequently a strengthening of ties (through increased
affiliations and dues contributions) between labor organizations
both nationally and internationally will be an important
condition precedent to the end of the AID-financed project
c Basic Assumptions The basic assumption
concerning design-of this project is that workers in the other
countries of the region can best be helped to achieve the goal
by an organization closely related to the labor movement in the
United States This assumption proceeds from matters of
feelings of fraternal solidaritytechnical expertise as well as
and was the underlying reason for making the American Institute
for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) the chosen instrument of
AID for this project Another important assumption is that
the governments of the several countries will continue to permit
AIFLD to operate within their jurisdictions and will honor
their international commitments favoring free labor organizations
3 Project Outputs
a Training courses will be given in the various
Latin American countries dealing with fundamental labor union
themes such as labor law and practice social security law and
practice collective bargaining and grievance procedures
parliamentary procedure and public speaking history of the
15
international labor union movement social theory labor union
accounting communications and public relations Such
courses are given at basic intermediate and specialized levels
Special courses are provided for agrarian rural workers
(compesinos) teachers and for members of cooperatives associated
with labor unions
Two hundred graduates of local courses come to the United
States annually for advanced training at the AIFLD center
at Front Royal Virginia Examples of such courses include
Techniques of Organizing
The role of Trade Union Women in Economic Development
Labor Relations amp Collective Bargaining
Collective Bargaining amp Research
Collective Bargaining amp Trade Union Rights
Adjustment to Automation
A specially selected group of 15-20 participants annually US
receives a specialuniversity level curriculum These partshy
icipants are elected or appointed union officials who are
currently at the policy making level This training is conshy
ducted in Spanish in the Washington DC area by professors
from the Consortium of DC area universities The courses
include subjects such as Survey of Basic Economics International
Relations Industrial Sociology Survey of Contemporary Latin
16
America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and
Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political
Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor
Relations in Latin America and individual research projects
AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali
Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists
to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD
provides technical assistance in management of credit unions
and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type
of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances
the prestige and attraction of free labor unions
b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed
in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic
intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services
for their members and organizational units established (education
social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for
local programs
c Important Output Assumptions
1 The ability of union leaders to
negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies
more effective union management based on AIFLD education of
union leadership
17
2 Union members will devote free time at
night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers
will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy
time courses
3 Trained instructors will be available to
conduct education programs
4 Project Inputs
a Kinds of Inputs
US Government
1 Funds for program and administrative
expenses
Logistic support (motor pool furniture2
duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the
country and EmbassyUSAID policy
Other Donors
1 Local logistic support (use of free
classroom space and instructors)
Funds for special project activities2
(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)
AIFLD private funds for special projects3
4 ITS private funds for shared staff and
program costs
5 Local funds for lost-time payments to
somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in
cases
18
US Government
Estimated costs of the program to the US
Government over the project period have been estimated on the
basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by
country and by time period the totals reveal an order of
magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows
1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ
60 52 44 55 14
The largest single element is comprised of
country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy
to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include
advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support
($15)
5 Analyses of Country Matrices
A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each
country regional and sub-regional program The indicators
selected are considered to be significantly better than previous
project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the
project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements
in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience
in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted
in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent
upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions
relative-to labor unions within each country
- 19 -
In examining the objectively verifiable indicators
used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards
goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress
in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of
unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number
and members so covered All eleven include indicators which
would show improvement in the economic position of members
through increased purchasing power of union members improvement
in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In
order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national
level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation
Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public
Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision
Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in
National Decision Making
In summary the currently planned End of Project Status
(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the
following dates
No Countries DATE (FY)
1 78
2 80
2 81
1 87
1 91
1 95 4 97
20
PART III
PROJECT ANALYSIS
A Technical Analysis
This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962
which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in
Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for
the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as
There is no alternate organization in the US which might
replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor
business and government and has developed staff organization
and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out
the Latin American Free Labor Development Program
Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the
carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to
labor education and social development activities throughout
the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other
support activities which have contributed to the existence and
effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of
Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser
The locales are classroomsextent social project development
and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in
only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current
technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program
objectives
21
Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy
country activities in the field will continue generally along
presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis
on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social
projects and a heavy component of participant training
Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program
proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents
(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are
finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the
US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites
Programs also vary in each country from time to time
depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the
part of the host governments and the local labor sector to
US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They
reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor
Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free
Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor
leaders
B bull Financial Analysis and Plan
The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current
year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for
complete details) The largest component of this total consists
of individual country programs which presently total 13
These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program
averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and
- 22 shy
$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate
a permanent in-country office including a resident US
representative The remainder consist of programs primarily
educational seminars and in some cases small social project
programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program
Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses
are in line with other AID contract representatives and could
not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of
allowances required by essentially all US citizens working
abroad
aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of
typical country program could be made only by eliminating the
US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two
reasons
1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its
financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)
which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with
labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country
where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis
to a large number of participants in educational programs who
are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy
ability
2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for
discussions of political matters with the Embassy which
frequently involve the use of classified information
-0 _11
Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a
nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis
However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt
AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in
the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where
designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning
purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that
It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish
that some will drop out but that others will be added so that
the total will remain roughly constant
which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work
to increase the average coat of in-country programs These
include
1 Inflation and
2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams
to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization
rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated
Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)
would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs
hold effects etc) 4444
- + ++ +
MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be
rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4
The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely
Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to
substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng
if + ++ if+ifif if
preussurea boen maintained to increase +
the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi
4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif
and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are
extremely limited in their resources They already contribute
in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM
However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are
reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future
- +
i
umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~
W9Um of tug
aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13
for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8
25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm
to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m
h1thfythgU V
amlo nf UWL mIam
Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000
toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse
toqeutioe sremI the
the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas
alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha
+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite
eeAbleof a mniut smestrat
+ ++++- + ++
- 22D -
Some country programs may drop out but others may be added
or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some
fashion since current staffing levels and administrative
costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated
It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset
the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at
this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response
by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe
the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and
81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time
23
C Social Analaysis
One of the major objectives of the program is to meet
the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life
with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of
economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components
of the labor force In order to realize progress certain
social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the
the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within
the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow
process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program
In many instances trade union organizations provide the
only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation
himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to
an improvement in his social well being The training of
leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly
with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with
small social impact projects provides the means whereby
attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to
the national level
It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity
labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining
economic and social benefits for their members This will be
reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work
and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will
- 24 shy
play in influencing the governments labor legislation and
its economic and social development programs Quantitative
data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained
in the country program matrices (eg membership social
services working conditions public influence governmental
relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases
but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with
any degree of validity
The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working
class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries
the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian
Union Development Services program which not only provides
for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the
development of cooperatives and the health field as well
The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis
participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of
women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal
pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs
During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses
included 16 women students while women students comprised
22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to
further improve this record
-- ---
- 25 -
One of the more important aspects of the program is that
it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a
significant number of low income people an opportunity to
seek improvement in their economic and social condition
through better representation and an opportunity to
participate in decisions affecting their working lives
D Economic Analysis
The nature of the labor develooment program as described
herein involves a mix of political social and economic
considerations and justifications It is difficult to
distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any
particular country at any given time let alone the region
as a whole
From the economic standzoint success in the project will
generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand
signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure
accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r
several of the country matries rcC_r _ns
will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments
but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level
which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable
reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues
payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations
and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the
- 26 shy
program and these too are not reliably reported Additional
amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE
obtained by the unions for their members and others through
collective bargaining but in this case we have the same
problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting
units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion
of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union
leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased
earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the
problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must
be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional
standpoint
- 27 -
PART IV
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements
1 Recipient
The American Institute for Free Labor Development
(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this
project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the
the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to
the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director
directs the development and implementation of programs and has
responsibility for the overall operation of the organization
The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible
directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies
and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the
Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and
monitor these programs on a continuing basis
Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director
in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD
is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity
of the program in country
The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and
administers the educational activities of the Institute and in
particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the
University Program and for providing technical services to the
- 28 shy
various country education programs The Front Royal Institute
provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably
be offered in individual countries The University Labor
Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified
young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university
level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of
labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the
Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links
the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -
Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American
The Department of Social Projects assists in the development
of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives
community projects and where appropriate housing projects
workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing
the importance of making credit available for local labor
organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a
Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this
field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this
nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in
establishing credit programs for workers)
The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of
Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and
Information Services
- 29 -
AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated
in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It
received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that
time it has received continuing support from AID and has
developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it
to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and
presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry
out the program under consideration
2 AID
Management of the project is centered in the Labor
Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and
Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau
of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through
designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches
or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project
The design and implementation of each of the Country programs
is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department
of State
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
PROJECT PAPER
LATIN AMERICA BUREAU
OFFICE OF MULTILATERAL COORDINATION AND REGIONAL SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS
Q February 1977
PART 1 - SUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS
A Face Sheet Data
Project Title Free Labor Movement
Project Number 598-0101
Project Officer George W Phillips
Project Duration Contiiuing
Project Funding FY 1977 through FY 1981
B Recommendations Amount Cumulative
Year Type Funding ($000) Total ($000)
FY 77 Grant 5860 5860
FY 78 Grant 5925 11785
FY 79 Grant 6200 17985
FY 80 Grant 6500 24485
FY 81 Grant 6500 30985
C Description of Project
This is a human resources development project to
strengthen free trade union institutions in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is a regional program Activities
are presently carried out through 13 national programs
2 sub-regional (Caribbean and Central American) a regional
Agrarian Union Development program and a regional union-toshy
union program The project seeks to improve free trade
union leadership at all levels through a variety of
educational activities and social projects
Twenty thousand trade unionists annually will partishy
cipate in workshops and seminars in their own countries
Approximately 300 trade union leaders will be trained in
the United States annually at Front Royal Five hundred
will participate in international conferences Small
($5000-$50000) projects such as credit unions worker
housing and consumer cooperatives will be financed to
improve the social and economic conditions of Latin American
working men and women These projects will be financed from
a Regional Revolving Loan Fund ($800000 capital as of
92076) Smaller impact projects under $5000 each will
be financed from funds provided by the AFL-CIO (approximately
$50000 annually) Through research centers data will be
collected on cost of living comparisons of trade union
rights labor codes comparative salaries and benefits in
2
various sectors and the results distributed to interested
labor organizations for use in bargaining and government
relations Through the Agrarian Union Development Services
program AIFLD will strengthen the leadership of campesino
unions and develop institutions such as producer and marketing
cooperatives and community services for participating members
The American Institute for Free Labor Development (AIFLD)
will carry out most of the activities of this project directly
The remainder the union-to-union program will be carried
out under subgrants by AIFLD to International Trade Secretarshy
iats (international labor institutions organized within a
single industry or sector ie teachers textile workers)
There are seven International Trade Secretariats (ITS) with
US affiliates and in turn affiliated with the International
(ICFTU) participating inConfederation of Free Trade Unions
the project (See Annex 2 International Trade Union Organishy
zations)
The labor organizations in Latin America with whom
free democratic trade unions federationsAIFLD works are
and confederations For the purpose of this project free
democratic trade union organizations can be defined as
1 Those which are affiliated directly or indirectly
with the ICFTU its Inter-American Regional
Organization (ORIT) or one or more of its
International Trade Secretariats or
3
2 Independent unions federations or confederations
(not affiliated with the ICFTU the Christian
Democrat World Confederation of Labor (WCL) or
the Communist World Federation of Trade Unions
(WFTU)
Section 601 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 as
amended declares it to be the policy of the United States
to encourage efforts to strengthen free labor unions in less
developed countries It continues to be AID policy to
strengthen the development capabilities of labor unions to
enhance the skills employment opportunities productivity
freedom and welfare of working men and women In accordance
with AID Policy as defined in a Determination Paper signed
May 2 1973 former Administrator Hannah stated that
Economic growth is not the end purpose of development
but rather is one of the means for attaining developshy
ment objectives A major such objective is to meet
the aspirations of workers and their families for a
better life with dignity and freedom and to help
spread the benefits of economic progress among the wage
and salary components of the labor force In providing
development assistance AID should encourage the developshy
ment of strong independent responsible and democratic
organizations of workers which can engage in collective
4
bargaining and perform other useful functions in the
improvement of the economic and social life of their
members
The Policy paper further states Free and responsible
labor unions enjoying the right to engage in collective
bargaining can have an important role in the process of
modernization and the social and economic development of
the less developed countries For example by acting as
forums for the etchange of information and instruments for
attitudinal change on vLtal development issues such as
bringing to the fore difficult questions of social welfare
and equitable distribution of income seeking to improve the
conditions under which the commitment of labor to industry
takes place and helping advance population and family
planning goals labor unions may strengthen the forces in
a society which are impelling it to modernize
D Summary Findings
This project is consistent with the Foreign Assistance
Act of 1961 as amended and meets the criteria of Section
601 22 USC 2351 to foster private initiative and
competition to encourage the development and use of
cooperatives credit unions and savings and loan associations
to discourage monopolistic practices to improve the technical
efficiency of their industry agriculture and commerce and
5
to strengthen free labor unions In addition this
project is in concert with the Congressional Mandate of
1973 Sections 103 105 106 and 107 which call on AID
to provide basic services to poor people enhancing
their capacity for self-help to increase manpower
training in skills related to development to help
solve economic and social development problems in fields
such as transportation power industry urban development
and export development Congress support of a subshy
stantial role in foreign aid through US private organizshy
ations is well known and is repeated in miny of the Congressional
reports The House Foreign Affairs Committee wrote the Agency
would be expected to work closely with those (private) US
institutions and groups which already have ties established
in the recipient countries The people-to-people
institution-to-institution relationship between Americans
working in development and their equivalent organized groups
in the developing countries is a valuable concept
The project meets all applicable statutory criteria
E Project Issues
1 Is it in the best interest of the US Government
and the AID in particular to propose a five-year program
with AIFLD as this Project Paper proposes to do Are there
other options that the USG should consider
2 What are the prospects for AIFLD country programs being
continued in the region as more and more of the bilateral
6
AID programs are phased out
3 Might it be better to have AIFLD continue the
educational phase of the program and have social developshy
ment programs (health cooperatives etc) funded through
the Operational Program Grants
4 Rather than depend on a US-based private
organization operating primarily through bilateral programs
might it not be better to emphasize regional programs through
regional labor groups such as ORIT or the ITSs
5 Is it appropriate to support AIFLD programs in the
campesino sector
6 Is the balance between administrative and program
cost appropriate
7
PART II
A Background
This project is a follow-on effort to a project begun in
1962 From 1962 to FY 1973 labor programs in Latin American
countries were managed and funded by the USAIDs while US
training and AIFLD headquarters support operations were
managed and funded by AIDW
In FY 1973 all free labor development activities in the
region both US and in-country were combined into one
regional project The project is managed and funded by the
LA Bureau but maintains Country Team involvement in project
design analysis monitoring and evaluation
A comprehensive study of United States Labor Programs in
Latin America was conducted in 1975 by consultants Robert
Alexander and Henry Hammond Dr Alexander a university
professor is a recognized authority on Latin American organized
labor Henry Hammond is a retired Foreign Service Officer with
long experience as a Labor Attache in Latin America
The purpose of the study was to examine labor programs in
light of the significant political economic and social changes
which have occurred in Latin America since 1962 the beginning
of the Alliance for Progress The consultantsreport concluded
among other things
8
1 Aid to free trade unions or those aspiring to
be free conforms to the beliefs which hopefully are shared
by the great majority of our fellow citizens and support the
policy of our government These include a democratic
pluralistic society of relative equality of wealth of power of
social status (The United States Government is not alone in
supporting programs among others are the governments of West
Germany Sweden Netherlands and Great Britain as well as the
Soviet Union)
2 In certain Latin American countries problems may
arise in conducting labor programs due to local abuse of
traditional labor law or limitation on the right to strike
bargain collectively etc In such cases the role of AIFLD may
be
a To support those elementz in the labor
movement which under existing conditions are trying to maintain
something approaching a free labor movement or
b To train younger and 1cwer ranking labor
leaders so that when conditions improve they can renew
collective bargaining and the functiooning of trade union
democracy
3 Whether or not a labor program should be
maintained in a country which represses the free trade union
movement has to be the result of a Ualanced assessment of what
is to be gained and what is to be lost given the particular
c~rcumtances
~-~--- With WbtAWet IN~
represents at this tie the best IWutMxt to SZUy tie
AofWUnited ItprinoI~pa 9de
Latin AMexica Ibct aUM
9 Detailed 0escromL
The Latin Ameicn Mteebt LeR vpni
eseially a cnuiat aon -a rtelow baLSof IM m1 eS bestblihedin 142 with th eia ttate ftw rm
by us Labort PrtvaWte Mpts adi MS Vole OVWUSS AS
the present tise k=W Country SUaShesS are optatwu Iamp Is
L4 countries Zn the mS advanced tntiW hSIUU8 a$
traininq 40 perons per cycle an a mLdestia basts hir Le
to seven cycles Per yea at Tronst ToLVa i a speeI
moris is tiatnm 11-20 pet~aup 1wS LeUniversity amo wsimwashtngton through a mnsotim of ft
AZD has been tbe PuLIaPaL OOM Of tedS duttW U5 Pee
funia period and anears WL~y to tesl est at Ieasth
the near ftues The AZP ammil obuggtt sampe 6 f
$56 milon atae fT 103 reagia ftm aM 5ffOLWaU S iamp
173 toa lo ofV$1fliLUwi La 2f4s IS Iss rum~ ow
-n~i~ pc m ba bes bmb m ashy
omisendatUss of OfJaiLi Pa
A- shy
IV
subamlow~aa nal tatilo owbekieoo MgAm=uwAMvqomm4p
is~N Oleeuaas subampims Uw Pt
Mo asM1=0SMall mn 9 0
0w imf awtmLauli aatt
off foam umJAnwLfimiea
NoUw aMwFmpose toam senil
AilimaWaewomm asAhii
304
--4 S
4 ove soialoia n r
5 Increased labor influence on national
Vol Increased membership paric pation jiIn r
attabs of natlon4 labor organixationsp local unions and
a lasS SMmp ons of Goal Achievements Goal aches twl3 depend not only on the direct impact and
ofWtheW prjctipusbu h4940i Uv ls n economic- shy
and poUtal ollmste of each program country It is assumed Men W UaLptinq countries the development of democraticthe
Maittia (udnios) imoreases the probability of a more eSsitabl d1trLbution of wealth and a stronger labor movement AUL eune nore Luesco on the political economic and social
de~epetproe It is further aemmed that such peeiat willMaLU11w untos to operate indepefdently and
eame the 1vegmmets wr Political parties will ffectively wuvs or U6h0it Mo 1e4e Pmt of dementi~a unions nor
News
a minauth et w~ey o e
aiv~ko ~ ~ tk~
12
educational programs to heighten the effectiveness of labor
leadership and administration at all levels Other types of
assistance will include fostering social projects related to
labor organizations (eg credit unions consumer cooperatives
clinics community development etc) Another aspect of this
project is to strengthen communication and collaboration
between the free labor organizations of the various countries
and between them and the principal appropriate international
labor organizations-- the Inter-American Regional Organization
of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (ITS)
as well as the AFL-CIO itself Such associations will complement
other measures to enhance the stature of Latin American labor
organizations and to assist their progress toward free democratic
and responsible unionism
b Conditions Expected at End of Project (Targets)For each participating country
one (or more) national democratic labor confederation that has
competent leadership and adequate staff has an adequate operating
budget is financially self-sufficient provides a series of
services to its affiliates is located in its own national headshy
quarters periodically publishes a newspaper or newsletter is
governed in a democratic manner and is affiliated with and pays
dues to ORIT Targets for each country or sub-regional program
as well as growth in labor union membership income from dues
union financial strength and the number quality and coverage
of collective agreements are specified in the attached country
13
matrices (Annex one (1))
It should be clearly borne in mind however that attempts to measure such quantitative changes are difficult because available country data are often not available or reliable
Further growth may be stopped or even reversed at times because of unforeseen political factors which negate the best efforts of the contractor Therefore the EOPS targets as indicated in the attached country matrices vary considerably and may have to be changed from time to time In certain cases EOPS of longer than five years are indicated in other cases it has proved impossible to identify an EOPS date which appears realistic to all parties including the CT and AIDW Accordingly for overall purposes of the regional Project Paper five year approval of the regional labor program is requested in order to cover all AIFLD programs anticipated to be in operation during
the period FY 1977-1981
Hopefully a significant portion of the in-country activities of the project (eg operation of national training programs and social projects) will have been taken over by LA countries or international labor organizations by the time of final termination of AID funding to this project In some cases this may depend upon an increase in the income and staff of the principal appropriate international labor organizations--the
Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (=TS) so that they could
14
supplement the capacity of the less-developed labor movements
The same could also be said of the relationship between
stronger and weaker labor organizations within each country
Consequently a strengthening of ties (through increased
affiliations and dues contributions) between labor organizations
both nationally and internationally will be an important
condition precedent to the end of the AID-financed project
c Basic Assumptions The basic assumption
concerning design-of this project is that workers in the other
countries of the region can best be helped to achieve the goal
by an organization closely related to the labor movement in the
United States This assumption proceeds from matters of
feelings of fraternal solidaritytechnical expertise as well as
and was the underlying reason for making the American Institute
for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) the chosen instrument of
AID for this project Another important assumption is that
the governments of the several countries will continue to permit
AIFLD to operate within their jurisdictions and will honor
their international commitments favoring free labor organizations
3 Project Outputs
a Training courses will be given in the various
Latin American countries dealing with fundamental labor union
themes such as labor law and practice social security law and
practice collective bargaining and grievance procedures
parliamentary procedure and public speaking history of the
15
international labor union movement social theory labor union
accounting communications and public relations Such
courses are given at basic intermediate and specialized levels
Special courses are provided for agrarian rural workers
(compesinos) teachers and for members of cooperatives associated
with labor unions
Two hundred graduates of local courses come to the United
States annually for advanced training at the AIFLD center
at Front Royal Virginia Examples of such courses include
Techniques of Organizing
The role of Trade Union Women in Economic Development
Labor Relations amp Collective Bargaining
Collective Bargaining amp Research
Collective Bargaining amp Trade Union Rights
Adjustment to Automation
A specially selected group of 15-20 participants annually US
receives a specialuniversity level curriculum These partshy
icipants are elected or appointed union officials who are
currently at the policy making level This training is conshy
ducted in Spanish in the Washington DC area by professors
from the Consortium of DC area universities The courses
include subjects such as Survey of Basic Economics International
Relations Industrial Sociology Survey of Contemporary Latin
16
America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and
Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political
Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor
Relations in Latin America and individual research projects
AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali
Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists
to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD
provides technical assistance in management of credit unions
and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type
of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances
the prestige and attraction of free labor unions
b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed
in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic
intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services
for their members and organizational units established (education
social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for
local programs
c Important Output Assumptions
1 The ability of union leaders to
negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies
more effective union management based on AIFLD education of
union leadership
17
2 Union members will devote free time at
night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers
will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy
time courses
3 Trained instructors will be available to
conduct education programs
4 Project Inputs
a Kinds of Inputs
US Government
1 Funds for program and administrative
expenses
Logistic support (motor pool furniture2
duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the
country and EmbassyUSAID policy
Other Donors
1 Local logistic support (use of free
classroom space and instructors)
Funds for special project activities2
(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)
AIFLD private funds for special projects3
4 ITS private funds for shared staff and
program costs
5 Local funds for lost-time payments to
somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in
cases
18
US Government
Estimated costs of the program to the US
Government over the project period have been estimated on the
basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by
country and by time period the totals reveal an order of
magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows
1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ
60 52 44 55 14
The largest single element is comprised of
country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy
to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include
advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support
($15)
5 Analyses of Country Matrices
A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each
country regional and sub-regional program The indicators
selected are considered to be significantly better than previous
project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the
project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements
in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience
in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted
in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent
upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions
relative-to labor unions within each country
- 19 -
In examining the objectively verifiable indicators
used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards
goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress
in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of
unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number
and members so covered All eleven include indicators which
would show improvement in the economic position of members
through increased purchasing power of union members improvement
in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In
order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national
level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation
Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public
Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision
Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in
National Decision Making
In summary the currently planned End of Project Status
(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the
following dates
No Countries DATE (FY)
1 78
2 80
2 81
1 87
1 91
1 95 4 97
20
PART III
PROJECT ANALYSIS
A Technical Analysis
This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962
which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in
Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for
the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as
There is no alternate organization in the US which might
replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor
business and government and has developed staff organization
and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out
the Latin American Free Labor Development Program
Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the
carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to
labor education and social development activities throughout
the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other
support activities which have contributed to the existence and
effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of
Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser
The locales are classroomsextent social project development
and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in
only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current
technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program
objectives
21
Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy
country activities in the field will continue generally along
presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis
on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social
projects and a heavy component of participant training
Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program
proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents
(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are
finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the
US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites
Programs also vary in each country from time to time
depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the
part of the host governments and the local labor sector to
US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They
reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor
Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free
Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor
leaders
B bull Financial Analysis and Plan
The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current
year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for
complete details) The largest component of this total consists
of individual country programs which presently total 13
These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program
averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and
- 22 shy
$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate
a permanent in-country office including a resident US
representative The remainder consist of programs primarily
educational seminars and in some cases small social project
programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program
Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses
are in line with other AID contract representatives and could
not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of
allowances required by essentially all US citizens working
abroad
aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of
typical country program could be made only by eliminating the
US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two
reasons
1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its
financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)
which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with
labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country
where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis
to a large number of participants in educational programs who
are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy
ability
2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for
discussions of political matters with the Embassy which
frequently involve the use of classified information
-0 _11
Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a
nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis
However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt
AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in
the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where
designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning
purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that
It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish
that some will drop out but that others will be added so that
the total will remain roughly constant
which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work
to increase the average coat of in-country programs These
include
1 Inflation and
2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams
to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization
rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated
Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)
would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs
hold effects etc) 4444
- + ++ +
MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be
rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4
The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely
Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to
substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng
if + ++ if+ifif if
preussurea boen maintained to increase +
the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi
4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif
and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are
extremely limited in their resources They already contribute
in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM
However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are
reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future
- +
i
umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~
W9Um of tug
aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13
for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8
25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm
to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m
h1thfythgU V
amlo nf UWL mIam
Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000
toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse
toqeutioe sremI the
the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas
alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha
+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite
eeAbleof a mniut smestrat
+ ++++- + ++
- 22D -
Some country programs may drop out but others may be added
or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some
fashion since current staffing levels and administrative
costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated
It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset
the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at
this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response
by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe
the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and
81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time
23
C Social Analaysis
One of the major objectives of the program is to meet
the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life
with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of
economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components
of the labor force In order to realize progress certain
social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the
the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within
the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow
process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program
In many instances trade union organizations provide the
only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation
himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to
an improvement in his social well being The training of
leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly
with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with
small social impact projects provides the means whereby
attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to
the national level
It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity
labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining
economic and social benefits for their members This will be
reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work
and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will
- 24 shy
play in influencing the governments labor legislation and
its economic and social development programs Quantitative
data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained
in the country program matrices (eg membership social
services working conditions public influence governmental
relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases
but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with
any degree of validity
The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working
class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries
the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian
Union Development Services program which not only provides
for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the
development of cooperatives and the health field as well
The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis
participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of
women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal
pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs
During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses
included 16 women students while women students comprised
22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to
further improve this record
-- ---
- 25 -
One of the more important aspects of the program is that
it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a
significant number of low income people an opportunity to
seek improvement in their economic and social condition
through better representation and an opportunity to
participate in decisions affecting their working lives
D Economic Analysis
The nature of the labor develooment program as described
herein involves a mix of political social and economic
considerations and justifications It is difficult to
distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any
particular country at any given time let alone the region
as a whole
From the economic standzoint success in the project will
generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand
signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure
accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r
several of the country matries rcC_r _ns
will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments
but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level
which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable
reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues
payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations
and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the
- 26 shy
program and these too are not reliably reported Additional
amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE
obtained by the unions for their members and others through
collective bargaining but in this case we have the same
problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting
units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion
of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union
leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased
earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the
problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must
be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional
standpoint
- 27 -
PART IV
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements
1 Recipient
The American Institute for Free Labor Development
(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this
project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the
the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to
the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director
directs the development and implementation of programs and has
responsibility for the overall operation of the organization
The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible
directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies
and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the
Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and
monitor these programs on a continuing basis
Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director
in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD
is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity
of the program in country
The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and
administers the educational activities of the Institute and in
particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the
University Program and for providing technical services to the
- 28 shy
various country education programs The Front Royal Institute
provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably
be offered in individual countries The University Labor
Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified
young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university
level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of
labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the
Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links
the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -
Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American
The Department of Social Projects assists in the development
of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives
community projects and where appropriate housing projects
workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing
the importance of making credit available for local labor
organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a
Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this
field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this
nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in
establishing credit programs for workers)
The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of
Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and
Information Services
- 29 -
AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated
in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It
received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that
time it has received continuing support from AID and has
developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it
to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and
presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry
out the program under consideration
2 AID
Management of the project is centered in the Labor
Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and
Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau
of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through
designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches
or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project
The design and implementation of each of the Country programs
is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department
of State
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
C Description of Project
This is a human resources development project to
strengthen free trade union institutions in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is a regional program Activities
are presently carried out through 13 national programs
2 sub-regional (Caribbean and Central American) a regional
Agrarian Union Development program and a regional union-toshy
union program The project seeks to improve free trade
union leadership at all levels through a variety of
educational activities and social projects
Twenty thousand trade unionists annually will partishy
cipate in workshops and seminars in their own countries
Approximately 300 trade union leaders will be trained in
the United States annually at Front Royal Five hundred
will participate in international conferences Small
($5000-$50000) projects such as credit unions worker
housing and consumer cooperatives will be financed to
improve the social and economic conditions of Latin American
working men and women These projects will be financed from
a Regional Revolving Loan Fund ($800000 capital as of
92076) Smaller impact projects under $5000 each will
be financed from funds provided by the AFL-CIO (approximately
$50000 annually) Through research centers data will be
collected on cost of living comparisons of trade union
rights labor codes comparative salaries and benefits in
2
various sectors and the results distributed to interested
labor organizations for use in bargaining and government
relations Through the Agrarian Union Development Services
program AIFLD will strengthen the leadership of campesino
unions and develop institutions such as producer and marketing
cooperatives and community services for participating members
The American Institute for Free Labor Development (AIFLD)
will carry out most of the activities of this project directly
The remainder the union-to-union program will be carried
out under subgrants by AIFLD to International Trade Secretarshy
iats (international labor institutions organized within a
single industry or sector ie teachers textile workers)
There are seven International Trade Secretariats (ITS) with
US affiliates and in turn affiliated with the International
(ICFTU) participating inConfederation of Free Trade Unions
the project (See Annex 2 International Trade Union Organishy
zations)
The labor organizations in Latin America with whom
free democratic trade unions federationsAIFLD works are
and confederations For the purpose of this project free
democratic trade union organizations can be defined as
1 Those which are affiliated directly or indirectly
with the ICFTU its Inter-American Regional
Organization (ORIT) or one or more of its
International Trade Secretariats or
3
2 Independent unions federations or confederations
(not affiliated with the ICFTU the Christian
Democrat World Confederation of Labor (WCL) or
the Communist World Federation of Trade Unions
(WFTU)
Section 601 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 as
amended declares it to be the policy of the United States
to encourage efforts to strengthen free labor unions in less
developed countries It continues to be AID policy to
strengthen the development capabilities of labor unions to
enhance the skills employment opportunities productivity
freedom and welfare of working men and women In accordance
with AID Policy as defined in a Determination Paper signed
May 2 1973 former Administrator Hannah stated that
Economic growth is not the end purpose of development
but rather is one of the means for attaining developshy
ment objectives A major such objective is to meet
the aspirations of workers and their families for a
better life with dignity and freedom and to help
spread the benefits of economic progress among the wage
and salary components of the labor force In providing
development assistance AID should encourage the developshy
ment of strong independent responsible and democratic
organizations of workers which can engage in collective
4
bargaining and perform other useful functions in the
improvement of the economic and social life of their
members
The Policy paper further states Free and responsible
labor unions enjoying the right to engage in collective
bargaining can have an important role in the process of
modernization and the social and economic development of
the less developed countries For example by acting as
forums for the etchange of information and instruments for
attitudinal change on vLtal development issues such as
bringing to the fore difficult questions of social welfare
and equitable distribution of income seeking to improve the
conditions under which the commitment of labor to industry
takes place and helping advance population and family
planning goals labor unions may strengthen the forces in
a society which are impelling it to modernize
D Summary Findings
This project is consistent with the Foreign Assistance
Act of 1961 as amended and meets the criteria of Section
601 22 USC 2351 to foster private initiative and
competition to encourage the development and use of
cooperatives credit unions and savings and loan associations
to discourage monopolistic practices to improve the technical
efficiency of their industry agriculture and commerce and
5
to strengthen free labor unions In addition this
project is in concert with the Congressional Mandate of
1973 Sections 103 105 106 and 107 which call on AID
to provide basic services to poor people enhancing
their capacity for self-help to increase manpower
training in skills related to development to help
solve economic and social development problems in fields
such as transportation power industry urban development
and export development Congress support of a subshy
stantial role in foreign aid through US private organizshy
ations is well known and is repeated in miny of the Congressional
reports The House Foreign Affairs Committee wrote the Agency
would be expected to work closely with those (private) US
institutions and groups which already have ties established
in the recipient countries The people-to-people
institution-to-institution relationship between Americans
working in development and their equivalent organized groups
in the developing countries is a valuable concept
The project meets all applicable statutory criteria
E Project Issues
1 Is it in the best interest of the US Government
and the AID in particular to propose a five-year program
with AIFLD as this Project Paper proposes to do Are there
other options that the USG should consider
2 What are the prospects for AIFLD country programs being
continued in the region as more and more of the bilateral
6
AID programs are phased out
3 Might it be better to have AIFLD continue the
educational phase of the program and have social developshy
ment programs (health cooperatives etc) funded through
the Operational Program Grants
4 Rather than depend on a US-based private
organization operating primarily through bilateral programs
might it not be better to emphasize regional programs through
regional labor groups such as ORIT or the ITSs
5 Is it appropriate to support AIFLD programs in the
campesino sector
6 Is the balance between administrative and program
cost appropriate
7
PART II
A Background
This project is a follow-on effort to a project begun in
1962 From 1962 to FY 1973 labor programs in Latin American
countries were managed and funded by the USAIDs while US
training and AIFLD headquarters support operations were
managed and funded by AIDW
In FY 1973 all free labor development activities in the
region both US and in-country were combined into one
regional project The project is managed and funded by the
LA Bureau but maintains Country Team involvement in project
design analysis monitoring and evaluation
A comprehensive study of United States Labor Programs in
Latin America was conducted in 1975 by consultants Robert
Alexander and Henry Hammond Dr Alexander a university
professor is a recognized authority on Latin American organized
labor Henry Hammond is a retired Foreign Service Officer with
long experience as a Labor Attache in Latin America
The purpose of the study was to examine labor programs in
light of the significant political economic and social changes
which have occurred in Latin America since 1962 the beginning
of the Alliance for Progress The consultantsreport concluded
among other things
8
1 Aid to free trade unions or those aspiring to
be free conforms to the beliefs which hopefully are shared
by the great majority of our fellow citizens and support the
policy of our government These include a democratic
pluralistic society of relative equality of wealth of power of
social status (The United States Government is not alone in
supporting programs among others are the governments of West
Germany Sweden Netherlands and Great Britain as well as the
Soviet Union)
2 In certain Latin American countries problems may
arise in conducting labor programs due to local abuse of
traditional labor law or limitation on the right to strike
bargain collectively etc In such cases the role of AIFLD may
be
a To support those elementz in the labor
movement which under existing conditions are trying to maintain
something approaching a free labor movement or
b To train younger and 1cwer ranking labor
leaders so that when conditions improve they can renew
collective bargaining and the functiooning of trade union
democracy
3 Whether or not a labor program should be
maintained in a country which represses the free trade union
movement has to be the result of a Ualanced assessment of what
is to be gained and what is to be lost given the particular
c~rcumtances
~-~--- With WbtAWet IN~
represents at this tie the best IWutMxt to SZUy tie
AofWUnited ItprinoI~pa 9de
Latin AMexica Ibct aUM
9 Detailed 0escromL
The Latin Ameicn Mteebt LeR vpni
eseially a cnuiat aon -a rtelow baLSof IM m1 eS bestblihedin 142 with th eia ttate ftw rm
by us Labort PrtvaWte Mpts adi MS Vole OVWUSS AS
the present tise k=W Country SUaShesS are optatwu Iamp Is
L4 countries Zn the mS advanced tntiW hSIUU8 a$
traininq 40 perons per cycle an a mLdestia basts hir Le
to seven cycles Per yea at Tronst ToLVa i a speeI
moris is tiatnm 11-20 pet~aup 1wS LeUniversity amo wsimwashtngton through a mnsotim of ft
AZD has been tbe PuLIaPaL OOM Of tedS duttW U5 Pee
funia period and anears WL~y to tesl est at Ieasth
the near ftues The AZP ammil obuggtt sampe 6 f
$56 milon atae fT 103 reagia ftm aM 5ffOLWaU S iamp
173 toa lo ofV$1fliLUwi La 2f4s IS Iss rum~ ow
-n~i~ pc m ba bes bmb m ashy
omisendatUss of OfJaiLi Pa
A- shy
IV
subamlow~aa nal tatilo owbekieoo MgAm=uwAMvqomm4p
is~N Oleeuaas subampims Uw Pt
Mo asM1=0SMall mn 9 0
0w imf awtmLauli aatt
off foam umJAnwLfimiea
NoUw aMwFmpose toam senil
AilimaWaewomm asAhii
304
--4 S
4 ove soialoia n r
5 Increased labor influence on national
Vol Increased membership paric pation jiIn r
attabs of natlon4 labor organixationsp local unions and
a lasS SMmp ons of Goal Achievements Goal aches twl3 depend not only on the direct impact and
ofWtheW prjctipusbu h4940i Uv ls n economic- shy
and poUtal ollmste of each program country It is assumed Men W UaLptinq countries the development of democraticthe
Maittia (udnios) imoreases the probability of a more eSsitabl d1trLbution of wealth and a stronger labor movement AUL eune nore Luesco on the political economic and social
de~epetproe It is further aemmed that such peeiat willMaLU11w untos to operate indepefdently and
eame the 1vegmmets wr Political parties will ffectively wuvs or U6h0it Mo 1e4e Pmt of dementi~a unions nor
News
a minauth et w~ey o e
aiv~ko ~ ~ tk~
12
educational programs to heighten the effectiveness of labor
leadership and administration at all levels Other types of
assistance will include fostering social projects related to
labor organizations (eg credit unions consumer cooperatives
clinics community development etc) Another aspect of this
project is to strengthen communication and collaboration
between the free labor organizations of the various countries
and between them and the principal appropriate international
labor organizations-- the Inter-American Regional Organization
of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (ITS)
as well as the AFL-CIO itself Such associations will complement
other measures to enhance the stature of Latin American labor
organizations and to assist their progress toward free democratic
and responsible unionism
b Conditions Expected at End of Project (Targets)For each participating country
one (or more) national democratic labor confederation that has
competent leadership and adequate staff has an adequate operating
budget is financially self-sufficient provides a series of
services to its affiliates is located in its own national headshy
quarters periodically publishes a newspaper or newsletter is
governed in a democratic manner and is affiliated with and pays
dues to ORIT Targets for each country or sub-regional program
as well as growth in labor union membership income from dues
union financial strength and the number quality and coverage
of collective agreements are specified in the attached country
13
matrices (Annex one (1))
It should be clearly borne in mind however that attempts to measure such quantitative changes are difficult because available country data are often not available or reliable
Further growth may be stopped or even reversed at times because of unforeseen political factors which negate the best efforts of the contractor Therefore the EOPS targets as indicated in the attached country matrices vary considerably and may have to be changed from time to time In certain cases EOPS of longer than five years are indicated in other cases it has proved impossible to identify an EOPS date which appears realistic to all parties including the CT and AIDW Accordingly for overall purposes of the regional Project Paper five year approval of the regional labor program is requested in order to cover all AIFLD programs anticipated to be in operation during
the period FY 1977-1981
Hopefully a significant portion of the in-country activities of the project (eg operation of national training programs and social projects) will have been taken over by LA countries or international labor organizations by the time of final termination of AID funding to this project In some cases this may depend upon an increase in the income and staff of the principal appropriate international labor organizations--the
Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (=TS) so that they could
14
supplement the capacity of the less-developed labor movements
The same could also be said of the relationship between
stronger and weaker labor organizations within each country
Consequently a strengthening of ties (through increased
affiliations and dues contributions) between labor organizations
both nationally and internationally will be an important
condition precedent to the end of the AID-financed project
c Basic Assumptions The basic assumption
concerning design-of this project is that workers in the other
countries of the region can best be helped to achieve the goal
by an organization closely related to the labor movement in the
United States This assumption proceeds from matters of
feelings of fraternal solidaritytechnical expertise as well as
and was the underlying reason for making the American Institute
for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) the chosen instrument of
AID for this project Another important assumption is that
the governments of the several countries will continue to permit
AIFLD to operate within their jurisdictions and will honor
their international commitments favoring free labor organizations
3 Project Outputs
a Training courses will be given in the various
Latin American countries dealing with fundamental labor union
themes such as labor law and practice social security law and
practice collective bargaining and grievance procedures
parliamentary procedure and public speaking history of the
15
international labor union movement social theory labor union
accounting communications and public relations Such
courses are given at basic intermediate and specialized levels
Special courses are provided for agrarian rural workers
(compesinos) teachers and for members of cooperatives associated
with labor unions
Two hundred graduates of local courses come to the United
States annually for advanced training at the AIFLD center
at Front Royal Virginia Examples of such courses include
Techniques of Organizing
The role of Trade Union Women in Economic Development
Labor Relations amp Collective Bargaining
Collective Bargaining amp Research
Collective Bargaining amp Trade Union Rights
Adjustment to Automation
A specially selected group of 15-20 participants annually US
receives a specialuniversity level curriculum These partshy
icipants are elected or appointed union officials who are
currently at the policy making level This training is conshy
ducted in Spanish in the Washington DC area by professors
from the Consortium of DC area universities The courses
include subjects such as Survey of Basic Economics International
Relations Industrial Sociology Survey of Contemporary Latin
16
America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and
Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political
Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor
Relations in Latin America and individual research projects
AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali
Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists
to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD
provides technical assistance in management of credit unions
and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type
of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances
the prestige and attraction of free labor unions
b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed
in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic
intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services
for their members and organizational units established (education
social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for
local programs
c Important Output Assumptions
1 The ability of union leaders to
negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies
more effective union management based on AIFLD education of
union leadership
17
2 Union members will devote free time at
night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers
will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy
time courses
3 Trained instructors will be available to
conduct education programs
4 Project Inputs
a Kinds of Inputs
US Government
1 Funds for program and administrative
expenses
Logistic support (motor pool furniture2
duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the
country and EmbassyUSAID policy
Other Donors
1 Local logistic support (use of free
classroom space and instructors)
Funds for special project activities2
(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)
AIFLD private funds for special projects3
4 ITS private funds for shared staff and
program costs
5 Local funds for lost-time payments to
somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in
cases
18
US Government
Estimated costs of the program to the US
Government over the project period have been estimated on the
basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by
country and by time period the totals reveal an order of
magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows
1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ
60 52 44 55 14
The largest single element is comprised of
country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy
to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include
advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support
($15)
5 Analyses of Country Matrices
A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each
country regional and sub-regional program The indicators
selected are considered to be significantly better than previous
project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the
project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements
in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience
in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted
in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent
upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions
relative-to labor unions within each country
- 19 -
In examining the objectively verifiable indicators
used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards
goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress
in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of
unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number
and members so covered All eleven include indicators which
would show improvement in the economic position of members
through increased purchasing power of union members improvement
in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In
order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national
level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation
Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public
Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision
Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in
National Decision Making
In summary the currently planned End of Project Status
(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the
following dates
No Countries DATE (FY)
1 78
2 80
2 81
1 87
1 91
1 95 4 97
20
PART III
PROJECT ANALYSIS
A Technical Analysis
This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962
which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in
Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for
the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as
There is no alternate organization in the US which might
replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor
business and government and has developed staff organization
and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out
the Latin American Free Labor Development Program
Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the
carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to
labor education and social development activities throughout
the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other
support activities which have contributed to the existence and
effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of
Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser
The locales are classroomsextent social project development
and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in
only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current
technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program
objectives
21
Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy
country activities in the field will continue generally along
presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis
on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social
projects and a heavy component of participant training
Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program
proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents
(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are
finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the
US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites
Programs also vary in each country from time to time
depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the
part of the host governments and the local labor sector to
US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They
reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor
Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free
Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor
leaders
B bull Financial Analysis and Plan
The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current
year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for
complete details) The largest component of this total consists
of individual country programs which presently total 13
These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program
averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and
- 22 shy
$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate
a permanent in-country office including a resident US
representative The remainder consist of programs primarily
educational seminars and in some cases small social project
programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program
Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses
are in line with other AID contract representatives and could
not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of
allowances required by essentially all US citizens working
abroad
aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of
typical country program could be made only by eliminating the
US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two
reasons
1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its
financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)
which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with
labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country
where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis
to a large number of participants in educational programs who
are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy
ability
2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for
discussions of political matters with the Embassy which
frequently involve the use of classified information
-0 _11
Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a
nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis
However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt
AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in
the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where
designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning
purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that
It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish
that some will drop out but that others will be added so that
the total will remain roughly constant
which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work
to increase the average coat of in-country programs These
include
1 Inflation and
2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams
to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization
rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated
Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)
would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs
hold effects etc) 4444
- + ++ +
MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be
rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4
The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely
Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to
substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng
if + ++ if+ifif if
preussurea boen maintained to increase +
the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi
4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif
and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are
extremely limited in their resources They already contribute
in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM
However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are
reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future
- +
i
umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~
W9Um of tug
aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13
for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8
25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm
to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m
h1thfythgU V
amlo nf UWL mIam
Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000
toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse
toqeutioe sremI the
the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas
alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha
+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite
eeAbleof a mniut smestrat
+ ++++- + ++
- 22D -
Some country programs may drop out but others may be added
or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some
fashion since current staffing levels and administrative
costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated
It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset
the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at
this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response
by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe
the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and
81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time
23
C Social Analaysis
One of the major objectives of the program is to meet
the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life
with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of
economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components
of the labor force In order to realize progress certain
social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the
the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within
the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow
process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program
In many instances trade union organizations provide the
only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation
himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to
an improvement in his social well being The training of
leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly
with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with
small social impact projects provides the means whereby
attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to
the national level
It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity
labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining
economic and social benefits for their members This will be
reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work
and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will
- 24 shy
play in influencing the governments labor legislation and
its economic and social development programs Quantitative
data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained
in the country program matrices (eg membership social
services working conditions public influence governmental
relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases
but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with
any degree of validity
The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working
class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries
the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian
Union Development Services program which not only provides
for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the
development of cooperatives and the health field as well
The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis
participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of
women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal
pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs
During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses
included 16 women students while women students comprised
22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to
further improve this record
-- ---
- 25 -
One of the more important aspects of the program is that
it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a
significant number of low income people an opportunity to
seek improvement in their economic and social condition
through better representation and an opportunity to
participate in decisions affecting their working lives
D Economic Analysis
The nature of the labor develooment program as described
herein involves a mix of political social and economic
considerations and justifications It is difficult to
distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any
particular country at any given time let alone the region
as a whole
From the economic standzoint success in the project will
generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand
signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure
accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r
several of the country matries rcC_r _ns
will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments
but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level
which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable
reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues
payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations
and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the
- 26 shy
program and these too are not reliably reported Additional
amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE
obtained by the unions for their members and others through
collective bargaining but in this case we have the same
problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting
units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion
of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union
leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased
earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the
problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must
be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional
standpoint
- 27 -
PART IV
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements
1 Recipient
The American Institute for Free Labor Development
(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this
project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the
the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to
the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director
directs the development and implementation of programs and has
responsibility for the overall operation of the organization
The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible
directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies
and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the
Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and
monitor these programs on a continuing basis
Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director
in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD
is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity
of the program in country
The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and
administers the educational activities of the Institute and in
particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the
University Program and for providing technical services to the
- 28 shy
various country education programs The Front Royal Institute
provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably
be offered in individual countries The University Labor
Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified
young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university
level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of
labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the
Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links
the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -
Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American
The Department of Social Projects assists in the development
of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives
community projects and where appropriate housing projects
workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing
the importance of making credit available for local labor
organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a
Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this
field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this
nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in
establishing credit programs for workers)
The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of
Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and
Information Services
- 29 -
AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated
in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It
received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that
time it has received continuing support from AID and has
developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it
to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and
presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry
out the program under consideration
2 AID
Management of the project is centered in the Labor
Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and
Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau
of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through
designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches
or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project
The design and implementation of each of the Country programs
is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department
of State
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
2
various sectors and the results distributed to interested
labor organizations for use in bargaining and government
relations Through the Agrarian Union Development Services
program AIFLD will strengthen the leadership of campesino
unions and develop institutions such as producer and marketing
cooperatives and community services for participating members
The American Institute for Free Labor Development (AIFLD)
will carry out most of the activities of this project directly
The remainder the union-to-union program will be carried
out under subgrants by AIFLD to International Trade Secretarshy
iats (international labor institutions organized within a
single industry or sector ie teachers textile workers)
There are seven International Trade Secretariats (ITS) with
US affiliates and in turn affiliated with the International
(ICFTU) participating inConfederation of Free Trade Unions
the project (See Annex 2 International Trade Union Organishy
zations)
The labor organizations in Latin America with whom
free democratic trade unions federationsAIFLD works are
and confederations For the purpose of this project free
democratic trade union organizations can be defined as
1 Those which are affiliated directly or indirectly
with the ICFTU its Inter-American Regional
Organization (ORIT) or one or more of its
International Trade Secretariats or
3
2 Independent unions federations or confederations
(not affiliated with the ICFTU the Christian
Democrat World Confederation of Labor (WCL) or
the Communist World Federation of Trade Unions
(WFTU)
Section 601 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 as
amended declares it to be the policy of the United States
to encourage efforts to strengthen free labor unions in less
developed countries It continues to be AID policy to
strengthen the development capabilities of labor unions to
enhance the skills employment opportunities productivity
freedom and welfare of working men and women In accordance
with AID Policy as defined in a Determination Paper signed
May 2 1973 former Administrator Hannah stated that
Economic growth is not the end purpose of development
but rather is one of the means for attaining developshy
ment objectives A major such objective is to meet
the aspirations of workers and their families for a
better life with dignity and freedom and to help
spread the benefits of economic progress among the wage
and salary components of the labor force In providing
development assistance AID should encourage the developshy
ment of strong independent responsible and democratic
organizations of workers which can engage in collective
4
bargaining and perform other useful functions in the
improvement of the economic and social life of their
members
The Policy paper further states Free and responsible
labor unions enjoying the right to engage in collective
bargaining can have an important role in the process of
modernization and the social and economic development of
the less developed countries For example by acting as
forums for the etchange of information and instruments for
attitudinal change on vLtal development issues such as
bringing to the fore difficult questions of social welfare
and equitable distribution of income seeking to improve the
conditions under which the commitment of labor to industry
takes place and helping advance population and family
planning goals labor unions may strengthen the forces in
a society which are impelling it to modernize
D Summary Findings
This project is consistent with the Foreign Assistance
Act of 1961 as amended and meets the criteria of Section
601 22 USC 2351 to foster private initiative and
competition to encourage the development and use of
cooperatives credit unions and savings and loan associations
to discourage monopolistic practices to improve the technical
efficiency of their industry agriculture and commerce and
5
to strengthen free labor unions In addition this
project is in concert with the Congressional Mandate of
1973 Sections 103 105 106 and 107 which call on AID
to provide basic services to poor people enhancing
their capacity for self-help to increase manpower
training in skills related to development to help
solve economic and social development problems in fields
such as transportation power industry urban development
and export development Congress support of a subshy
stantial role in foreign aid through US private organizshy
ations is well known and is repeated in miny of the Congressional
reports The House Foreign Affairs Committee wrote the Agency
would be expected to work closely with those (private) US
institutions and groups which already have ties established
in the recipient countries The people-to-people
institution-to-institution relationship between Americans
working in development and their equivalent organized groups
in the developing countries is a valuable concept
The project meets all applicable statutory criteria
E Project Issues
1 Is it in the best interest of the US Government
and the AID in particular to propose a five-year program
with AIFLD as this Project Paper proposes to do Are there
other options that the USG should consider
2 What are the prospects for AIFLD country programs being
continued in the region as more and more of the bilateral
6
AID programs are phased out
3 Might it be better to have AIFLD continue the
educational phase of the program and have social developshy
ment programs (health cooperatives etc) funded through
the Operational Program Grants
4 Rather than depend on a US-based private
organization operating primarily through bilateral programs
might it not be better to emphasize regional programs through
regional labor groups such as ORIT or the ITSs
5 Is it appropriate to support AIFLD programs in the
campesino sector
6 Is the balance between administrative and program
cost appropriate
7
PART II
A Background
This project is a follow-on effort to a project begun in
1962 From 1962 to FY 1973 labor programs in Latin American
countries were managed and funded by the USAIDs while US
training and AIFLD headquarters support operations were
managed and funded by AIDW
In FY 1973 all free labor development activities in the
region both US and in-country were combined into one
regional project The project is managed and funded by the
LA Bureau but maintains Country Team involvement in project
design analysis monitoring and evaluation
A comprehensive study of United States Labor Programs in
Latin America was conducted in 1975 by consultants Robert
Alexander and Henry Hammond Dr Alexander a university
professor is a recognized authority on Latin American organized
labor Henry Hammond is a retired Foreign Service Officer with
long experience as a Labor Attache in Latin America
The purpose of the study was to examine labor programs in
light of the significant political economic and social changes
which have occurred in Latin America since 1962 the beginning
of the Alliance for Progress The consultantsreport concluded
among other things
8
1 Aid to free trade unions or those aspiring to
be free conforms to the beliefs which hopefully are shared
by the great majority of our fellow citizens and support the
policy of our government These include a democratic
pluralistic society of relative equality of wealth of power of
social status (The United States Government is not alone in
supporting programs among others are the governments of West
Germany Sweden Netherlands and Great Britain as well as the
Soviet Union)
2 In certain Latin American countries problems may
arise in conducting labor programs due to local abuse of
traditional labor law or limitation on the right to strike
bargain collectively etc In such cases the role of AIFLD may
be
a To support those elementz in the labor
movement which under existing conditions are trying to maintain
something approaching a free labor movement or
b To train younger and 1cwer ranking labor
leaders so that when conditions improve they can renew
collective bargaining and the functiooning of trade union
democracy
3 Whether or not a labor program should be
maintained in a country which represses the free trade union
movement has to be the result of a Ualanced assessment of what
is to be gained and what is to be lost given the particular
c~rcumtances
~-~--- With WbtAWet IN~
represents at this tie the best IWutMxt to SZUy tie
AofWUnited ItprinoI~pa 9de
Latin AMexica Ibct aUM
9 Detailed 0escromL
The Latin Ameicn Mteebt LeR vpni
eseially a cnuiat aon -a rtelow baLSof IM m1 eS bestblihedin 142 with th eia ttate ftw rm
by us Labort PrtvaWte Mpts adi MS Vole OVWUSS AS
the present tise k=W Country SUaShesS are optatwu Iamp Is
L4 countries Zn the mS advanced tntiW hSIUU8 a$
traininq 40 perons per cycle an a mLdestia basts hir Le
to seven cycles Per yea at Tronst ToLVa i a speeI
moris is tiatnm 11-20 pet~aup 1wS LeUniversity amo wsimwashtngton through a mnsotim of ft
AZD has been tbe PuLIaPaL OOM Of tedS duttW U5 Pee
funia period and anears WL~y to tesl est at Ieasth
the near ftues The AZP ammil obuggtt sampe 6 f
$56 milon atae fT 103 reagia ftm aM 5ffOLWaU S iamp
173 toa lo ofV$1fliLUwi La 2f4s IS Iss rum~ ow
-n~i~ pc m ba bes bmb m ashy
omisendatUss of OfJaiLi Pa
A- shy
IV
subamlow~aa nal tatilo owbekieoo MgAm=uwAMvqomm4p
is~N Oleeuaas subampims Uw Pt
Mo asM1=0SMall mn 9 0
0w imf awtmLauli aatt
off foam umJAnwLfimiea
NoUw aMwFmpose toam senil
AilimaWaewomm asAhii
304
--4 S
4 ove soialoia n r
5 Increased labor influence on national
Vol Increased membership paric pation jiIn r
attabs of natlon4 labor organixationsp local unions and
a lasS SMmp ons of Goal Achievements Goal aches twl3 depend not only on the direct impact and
ofWtheW prjctipusbu h4940i Uv ls n economic- shy
and poUtal ollmste of each program country It is assumed Men W UaLptinq countries the development of democraticthe
Maittia (udnios) imoreases the probability of a more eSsitabl d1trLbution of wealth and a stronger labor movement AUL eune nore Luesco on the political economic and social
de~epetproe It is further aemmed that such peeiat willMaLU11w untos to operate indepefdently and
eame the 1vegmmets wr Political parties will ffectively wuvs or U6h0it Mo 1e4e Pmt of dementi~a unions nor
News
a minauth et w~ey o e
aiv~ko ~ ~ tk~
12
educational programs to heighten the effectiveness of labor
leadership and administration at all levels Other types of
assistance will include fostering social projects related to
labor organizations (eg credit unions consumer cooperatives
clinics community development etc) Another aspect of this
project is to strengthen communication and collaboration
between the free labor organizations of the various countries
and between them and the principal appropriate international
labor organizations-- the Inter-American Regional Organization
of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (ITS)
as well as the AFL-CIO itself Such associations will complement
other measures to enhance the stature of Latin American labor
organizations and to assist their progress toward free democratic
and responsible unionism
b Conditions Expected at End of Project (Targets)For each participating country
one (or more) national democratic labor confederation that has
competent leadership and adequate staff has an adequate operating
budget is financially self-sufficient provides a series of
services to its affiliates is located in its own national headshy
quarters periodically publishes a newspaper or newsletter is
governed in a democratic manner and is affiliated with and pays
dues to ORIT Targets for each country or sub-regional program
as well as growth in labor union membership income from dues
union financial strength and the number quality and coverage
of collective agreements are specified in the attached country
13
matrices (Annex one (1))
It should be clearly borne in mind however that attempts to measure such quantitative changes are difficult because available country data are often not available or reliable
Further growth may be stopped or even reversed at times because of unforeseen political factors which negate the best efforts of the contractor Therefore the EOPS targets as indicated in the attached country matrices vary considerably and may have to be changed from time to time In certain cases EOPS of longer than five years are indicated in other cases it has proved impossible to identify an EOPS date which appears realistic to all parties including the CT and AIDW Accordingly for overall purposes of the regional Project Paper five year approval of the regional labor program is requested in order to cover all AIFLD programs anticipated to be in operation during
the period FY 1977-1981
Hopefully a significant portion of the in-country activities of the project (eg operation of national training programs and social projects) will have been taken over by LA countries or international labor organizations by the time of final termination of AID funding to this project In some cases this may depend upon an increase in the income and staff of the principal appropriate international labor organizations--the
Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (=TS) so that they could
14
supplement the capacity of the less-developed labor movements
The same could also be said of the relationship between
stronger and weaker labor organizations within each country
Consequently a strengthening of ties (through increased
affiliations and dues contributions) between labor organizations
both nationally and internationally will be an important
condition precedent to the end of the AID-financed project
c Basic Assumptions The basic assumption
concerning design-of this project is that workers in the other
countries of the region can best be helped to achieve the goal
by an organization closely related to the labor movement in the
United States This assumption proceeds from matters of
feelings of fraternal solidaritytechnical expertise as well as
and was the underlying reason for making the American Institute
for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) the chosen instrument of
AID for this project Another important assumption is that
the governments of the several countries will continue to permit
AIFLD to operate within their jurisdictions and will honor
their international commitments favoring free labor organizations
3 Project Outputs
a Training courses will be given in the various
Latin American countries dealing with fundamental labor union
themes such as labor law and practice social security law and
practice collective bargaining and grievance procedures
parliamentary procedure and public speaking history of the
15
international labor union movement social theory labor union
accounting communications and public relations Such
courses are given at basic intermediate and specialized levels
Special courses are provided for agrarian rural workers
(compesinos) teachers and for members of cooperatives associated
with labor unions
Two hundred graduates of local courses come to the United
States annually for advanced training at the AIFLD center
at Front Royal Virginia Examples of such courses include
Techniques of Organizing
The role of Trade Union Women in Economic Development
Labor Relations amp Collective Bargaining
Collective Bargaining amp Research
Collective Bargaining amp Trade Union Rights
Adjustment to Automation
A specially selected group of 15-20 participants annually US
receives a specialuniversity level curriculum These partshy
icipants are elected or appointed union officials who are
currently at the policy making level This training is conshy
ducted in Spanish in the Washington DC area by professors
from the Consortium of DC area universities The courses
include subjects such as Survey of Basic Economics International
Relations Industrial Sociology Survey of Contemporary Latin
16
America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and
Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political
Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor
Relations in Latin America and individual research projects
AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali
Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists
to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD
provides technical assistance in management of credit unions
and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type
of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances
the prestige and attraction of free labor unions
b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed
in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic
intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services
for their members and organizational units established (education
social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for
local programs
c Important Output Assumptions
1 The ability of union leaders to
negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies
more effective union management based on AIFLD education of
union leadership
17
2 Union members will devote free time at
night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers
will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy
time courses
3 Trained instructors will be available to
conduct education programs
4 Project Inputs
a Kinds of Inputs
US Government
1 Funds for program and administrative
expenses
Logistic support (motor pool furniture2
duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the
country and EmbassyUSAID policy
Other Donors
1 Local logistic support (use of free
classroom space and instructors)
Funds for special project activities2
(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)
AIFLD private funds for special projects3
4 ITS private funds for shared staff and
program costs
5 Local funds for lost-time payments to
somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in
cases
18
US Government
Estimated costs of the program to the US
Government over the project period have been estimated on the
basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by
country and by time period the totals reveal an order of
magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows
1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ
60 52 44 55 14
The largest single element is comprised of
country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy
to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include
advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support
($15)
5 Analyses of Country Matrices
A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each
country regional and sub-regional program The indicators
selected are considered to be significantly better than previous
project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the
project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements
in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience
in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted
in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent
upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions
relative-to labor unions within each country
- 19 -
In examining the objectively verifiable indicators
used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards
goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress
in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of
unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number
and members so covered All eleven include indicators which
would show improvement in the economic position of members
through increased purchasing power of union members improvement
in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In
order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national
level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation
Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public
Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision
Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in
National Decision Making
In summary the currently planned End of Project Status
(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the
following dates
No Countries DATE (FY)
1 78
2 80
2 81
1 87
1 91
1 95 4 97
20
PART III
PROJECT ANALYSIS
A Technical Analysis
This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962
which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in
Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for
the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as
There is no alternate organization in the US which might
replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor
business and government and has developed staff organization
and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out
the Latin American Free Labor Development Program
Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the
carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to
labor education and social development activities throughout
the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other
support activities which have contributed to the existence and
effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of
Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser
The locales are classroomsextent social project development
and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in
only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current
technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program
objectives
21
Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy
country activities in the field will continue generally along
presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis
on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social
projects and a heavy component of participant training
Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program
proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents
(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are
finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the
US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites
Programs also vary in each country from time to time
depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the
part of the host governments and the local labor sector to
US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They
reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor
Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free
Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor
leaders
B bull Financial Analysis and Plan
The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current
year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for
complete details) The largest component of this total consists
of individual country programs which presently total 13
These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program
averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and
- 22 shy
$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate
a permanent in-country office including a resident US
representative The remainder consist of programs primarily
educational seminars and in some cases small social project
programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program
Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses
are in line with other AID contract representatives and could
not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of
allowances required by essentially all US citizens working
abroad
aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of
typical country program could be made only by eliminating the
US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two
reasons
1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its
financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)
which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with
labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country
where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis
to a large number of participants in educational programs who
are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy
ability
2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for
discussions of political matters with the Embassy which
frequently involve the use of classified information
-0 _11
Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a
nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis
However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt
AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in
the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where
designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning
purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that
It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish
that some will drop out but that others will be added so that
the total will remain roughly constant
which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work
to increase the average coat of in-country programs These
include
1 Inflation and
2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams
to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization
rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated
Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)
would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs
hold effects etc) 4444
- + ++ +
MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be
rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4
The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely
Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to
substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng
if + ++ if+ifif if
preussurea boen maintained to increase +
the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi
4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif
and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are
extremely limited in their resources They already contribute
in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM
However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are
reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future
- +
i
umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~
W9Um of tug
aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13
for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8
25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm
to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m
h1thfythgU V
amlo nf UWL mIam
Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000
toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse
toqeutioe sremI the
the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas
alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha
+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite
eeAbleof a mniut smestrat
+ ++++- + ++
- 22D -
Some country programs may drop out but others may be added
or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some
fashion since current staffing levels and administrative
costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated
It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset
the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at
this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response
by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe
the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and
81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time
23
C Social Analaysis
One of the major objectives of the program is to meet
the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life
with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of
economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components
of the labor force In order to realize progress certain
social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the
the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within
the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow
process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program
In many instances trade union organizations provide the
only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation
himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to
an improvement in his social well being The training of
leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly
with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with
small social impact projects provides the means whereby
attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to
the national level
It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity
labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining
economic and social benefits for their members This will be
reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work
and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will
- 24 shy
play in influencing the governments labor legislation and
its economic and social development programs Quantitative
data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained
in the country program matrices (eg membership social
services working conditions public influence governmental
relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases
but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with
any degree of validity
The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working
class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries
the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian
Union Development Services program which not only provides
for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the
development of cooperatives and the health field as well
The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis
participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of
women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal
pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs
During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses
included 16 women students while women students comprised
22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to
further improve this record
-- ---
- 25 -
One of the more important aspects of the program is that
it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a
significant number of low income people an opportunity to
seek improvement in their economic and social condition
through better representation and an opportunity to
participate in decisions affecting their working lives
D Economic Analysis
The nature of the labor develooment program as described
herein involves a mix of political social and economic
considerations and justifications It is difficult to
distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any
particular country at any given time let alone the region
as a whole
From the economic standzoint success in the project will
generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand
signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure
accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r
several of the country matries rcC_r _ns
will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments
but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level
which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable
reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues
payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations
and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the
- 26 shy
program and these too are not reliably reported Additional
amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE
obtained by the unions for their members and others through
collective bargaining but in this case we have the same
problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting
units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion
of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union
leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased
earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the
problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must
be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional
standpoint
- 27 -
PART IV
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements
1 Recipient
The American Institute for Free Labor Development
(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this
project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the
the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to
the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director
directs the development and implementation of programs and has
responsibility for the overall operation of the organization
The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible
directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies
and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the
Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and
monitor these programs on a continuing basis
Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director
in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD
is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity
of the program in country
The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and
administers the educational activities of the Institute and in
particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the
University Program and for providing technical services to the
- 28 shy
various country education programs The Front Royal Institute
provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably
be offered in individual countries The University Labor
Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified
young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university
level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of
labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the
Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links
the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -
Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American
The Department of Social Projects assists in the development
of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives
community projects and where appropriate housing projects
workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing
the importance of making credit available for local labor
organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a
Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this
field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this
nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in
establishing credit programs for workers)
The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of
Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and
Information Services
- 29 -
AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated
in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It
received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that
time it has received continuing support from AID and has
developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it
to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and
presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry
out the program under consideration
2 AID
Management of the project is centered in the Labor
Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and
Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau
of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through
designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches
or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project
The design and implementation of each of the Country programs
is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department
of State
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
3
2 Independent unions federations or confederations
(not affiliated with the ICFTU the Christian
Democrat World Confederation of Labor (WCL) or
the Communist World Federation of Trade Unions
(WFTU)
Section 601 of the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 as
amended declares it to be the policy of the United States
to encourage efforts to strengthen free labor unions in less
developed countries It continues to be AID policy to
strengthen the development capabilities of labor unions to
enhance the skills employment opportunities productivity
freedom and welfare of working men and women In accordance
with AID Policy as defined in a Determination Paper signed
May 2 1973 former Administrator Hannah stated that
Economic growth is not the end purpose of development
but rather is one of the means for attaining developshy
ment objectives A major such objective is to meet
the aspirations of workers and their families for a
better life with dignity and freedom and to help
spread the benefits of economic progress among the wage
and salary components of the labor force In providing
development assistance AID should encourage the developshy
ment of strong independent responsible and democratic
organizations of workers which can engage in collective
4
bargaining and perform other useful functions in the
improvement of the economic and social life of their
members
The Policy paper further states Free and responsible
labor unions enjoying the right to engage in collective
bargaining can have an important role in the process of
modernization and the social and economic development of
the less developed countries For example by acting as
forums for the etchange of information and instruments for
attitudinal change on vLtal development issues such as
bringing to the fore difficult questions of social welfare
and equitable distribution of income seeking to improve the
conditions under which the commitment of labor to industry
takes place and helping advance population and family
planning goals labor unions may strengthen the forces in
a society which are impelling it to modernize
D Summary Findings
This project is consistent with the Foreign Assistance
Act of 1961 as amended and meets the criteria of Section
601 22 USC 2351 to foster private initiative and
competition to encourage the development and use of
cooperatives credit unions and savings and loan associations
to discourage monopolistic practices to improve the technical
efficiency of their industry agriculture and commerce and
5
to strengthen free labor unions In addition this
project is in concert with the Congressional Mandate of
1973 Sections 103 105 106 and 107 which call on AID
to provide basic services to poor people enhancing
their capacity for self-help to increase manpower
training in skills related to development to help
solve economic and social development problems in fields
such as transportation power industry urban development
and export development Congress support of a subshy
stantial role in foreign aid through US private organizshy
ations is well known and is repeated in miny of the Congressional
reports The House Foreign Affairs Committee wrote the Agency
would be expected to work closely with those (private) US
institutions and groups which already have ties established
in the recipient countries The people-to-people
institution-to-institution relationship between Americans
working in development and their equivalent organized groups
in the developing countries is a valuable concept
The project meets all applicable statutory criteria
E Project Issues
1 Is it in the best interest of the US Government
and the AID in particular to propose a five-year program
with AIFLD as this Project Paper proposes to do Are there
other options that the USG should consider
2 What are the prospects for AIFLD country programs being
continued in the region as more and more of the bilateral
6
AID programs are phased out
3 Might it be better to have AIFLD continue the
educational phase of the program and have social developshy
ment programs (health cooperatives etc) funded through
the Operational Program Grants
4 Rather than depend on a US-based private
organization operating primarily through bilateral programs
might it not be better to emphasize regional programs through
regional labor groups such as ORIT or the ITSs
5 Is it appropriate to support AIFLD programs in the
campesino sector
6 Is the balance between administrative and program
cost appropriate
7
PART II
A Background
This project is a follow-on effort to a project begun in
1962 From 1962 to FY 1973 labor programs in Latin American
countries were managed and funded by the USAIDs while US
training and AIFLD headquarters support operations were
managed and funded by AIDW
In FY 1973 all free labor development activities in the
region both US and in-country were combined into one
regional project The project is managed and funded by the
LA Bureau but maintains Country Team involvement in project
design analysis monitoring and evaluation
A comprehensive study of United States Labor Programs in
Latin America was conducted in 1975 by consultants Robert
Alexander and Henry Hammond Dr Alexander a university
professor is a recognized authority on Latin American organized
labor Henry Hammond is a retired Foreign Service Officer with
long experience as a Labor Attache in Latin America
The purpose of the study was to examine labor programs in
light of the significant political economic and social changes
which have occurred in Latin America since 1962 the beginning
of the Alliance for Progress The consultantsreport concluded
among other things
8
1 Aid to free trade unions or those aspiring to
be free conforms to the beliefs which hopefully are shared
by the great majority of our fellow citizens and support the
policy of our government These include a democratic
pluralistic society of relative equality of wealth of power of
social status (The United States Government is not alone in
supporting programs among others are the governments of West
Germany Sweden Netherlands and Great Britain as well as the
Soviet Union)
2 In certain Latin American countries problems may
arise in conducting labor programs due to local abuse of
traditional labor law or limitation on the right to strike
bargain collectively etc In such cases the role of AIFLD may
be
a To support those elementz in the labor
movement which under existing conditions are trying to maintain
something approaching a free labor movement or
b To train younger and 1cwer ranking labor
leaders so that when conditions improve they can renew
collective bargaining and the functiooning of trade union
democracy
3 Whether or not a labor program should be
maintained in a country which represses the free trade union
movement has to be the result of a Ualanced assessment of what
is to be gained and what is to be lost given the particular
c~rcumtances
~-~--- With WbtAWet IN~
represents at this tie the best IWutMxt to SZUy tie
AofWUnited ItprinoI~pa 9de
Latin AMexica Ibct aUM
9 Detailed 0escromL
The Latin Ameicn Mteebt LeR vpni
eseially a cnuiat aon -a rtelow baLSof IM m1 eS bestblihedin 142 with th eia ttate ftw rm
by us Labort PrtvaWte Mpts adi MS Vole OVWUSS AS
the present tise k=W Country SUaShesS are optatwu Iamp Is
L4 countries Zn the mS advanced tntiW hSIUU8 a$
traininq 40 perons per cycle an a mLdestia basts hir Le
to seven cycles Per yea at Tronst ToLVa i a speeI
moris is tiatnm 11-20 pet~aup 1wS LeUniversity amo wsimwashtngton through a mnsotim of ft
AZD has been tbe PuLIaPaL OOM Of tedS duttW U5 Pee
funia period and anears WL~y to tesl est at Ieasth
the near ftues The AZP ammil obuggtt sampe 6 f
$56 milon atae fT 103 reagia ftm aM 5ffOLWaU S iamp
173 toa lo ofV$1fliLUwi La 2f4s IS Iss rum~ ow
-n~i~ pc m ba bes bmb m ashy
omisendatUss of OfJaiLi Pa
A- shy
IV
subamlow~aa nal tatilo owbekieoo MgAm=uwAMvqomm4p
is~N Oleeuaas subampims Uw Pt
Mo asM1=0SMall mn 9 0
0w imf awtmLauli aatt
off foam umJAnwLfimiea
NoUw aMwFmpose toam senil
AilimaWaewomm asAhii
304
--4 S
4 ove soialoia n r
5 Increased labor influence on national
Vol Increased membership paric pation jiIn r
attabs of natlon4 labor organixationsp local unions and
a lasS SMmp ons of Goal Achievements Goal aches twl3 depend not only on the direct impact and
ofWtheW prjctipusbu h4940i Uv ls n economic- shy
and poUtal ollmste of each program country It is assumed Men W UaLptinq countries the development of democraticthe
Maittia (udnios) imoreases the probability of a more eSsitabl d1trLbution of wealth and a stronger labor movement AUL eune nore Luesco on the political economic and social
de~epetproe It is further aemmed that such peeiat willMaLU11w untos to operate indepefdently and
eame the 1vegmmets wr Political parties will ffectively wuvs or U6h0it Mo 1e4e Pmt of dementi~a unions nor
News
a minauth et w~ey o e
aiv~ko ~ ~ tk~
12
educational programs to heighten the effectiveness of labor
leadership and administration at all levels Other types of
assistance will include fostering social projects related to
labor organizations (eg credit unions consumer cooperatives
clinics community development etc) Another aspect of this
project is to strengthen communication and collaboration
between the free labor organizations of the various countries
and between them and the principal appropriate international
labor organizations-- the Inter-American Regional Organization
of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (ITS)
as well as the AFL-CIO itself Such associations will complement
other measures to enhance the stature of Latin American labor
organizations and to assist their progress toward free democratic
and responsible unionism
b Conditions Expected at End of Project (Targets)For each participating country
one (or more) national democratic labor confederation that has
competent leadership and adequate staff has an adequate operating
budget is financially self-sufficient provides a series of
services to its affiliates is located in its own national headshy
quarters periodically publishes a newspaper or newsletter is
governed in a democratic manner and is affiliated with and pays
dues to ORIT Targets for each country or sub-regional program
as well as growth in labor union membership income from dues
union financial strength and the number quality and coverage
of collective agreements are specified in the attached country
13
matrices (Annex one (1))
It should be clearly borne in mind however that attempts to measure such quantitative changes are difficult because available country data are often not available or reliable
Further growth may be stopped or even reversed at times because of unforeseen political factors which negate the best efforts of the contractor Therefore the EOPS targets as indicated in the attached country matrices vary considerably and may have to be changed from time to time In certain cases EOPS of longer than five years are indicated in other cases it has proved impossible to identify an EOPS date which appears realistic to all parties including the CT and AIDW Accordingly for overall purposes of the regional Project Paper five year approval of the regional labor program is requested in order to cover all AIFLD programs anticipated to be in operation during
the period FY 1977-1981
Hopefully a significant portion of the in-country activities of the project (eg operation of national training programs and social projects) will have been taken over by LA countries or international labor organizations by the time of final termination of AID funding to this project In some cases this may depend upon an increase in the income and staff of the principal appropriate international labor organizations--the
Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (=TS) so that they could
14
supplement the capacity of the less-developed labor movements
The same could also be said of the relationship between
stronger and weaker labor organizations within each country
Consequently a strengthening of ties (through increased
affiliations and dues contributions) between labor organizations
both nationally and internationally will be an important
condition precedent to the end of the AID-financed project
c Basic Assumptions The basic assumption
concerning design-of this project is that workers in the other
countries of the region can best be helped to achieve the goal
by an organization closely related to the labor movement in the
United States This assumption proceeds from matters of
feelings of fraternal solidaritytechnical expertise as well as
and was the underlying reason for making the American Institute
for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) the chosen instrument of
AID for this project Another important assumption is that
the governments of the several countries will continue to permit
AIFLD to operate within their jurisdictions and will honor
their international commitments favoring free labor organizations
3 Project Outputs
a Training courses will be given in the various
Latin American countries dealing with fundamental labor union
themes such as labor law and practice social security law and
practice collective bargaining and grievance procedures
parliamentary procedure and public speaking history of the
15
international labor union movement social theory labor union
accounting communications and public relations Such
courses are given at basic intermediate and specialized levels
Special courses are provided for agrarian rural workers
(compesinos) teachers and for members of cooperatives associated
with labor unions
Two hundred graduates of local courses come to the United
States annually for advanced training at the AIFLD center
at Front Royal Virginia Examples of such courses include
Techniques of Organizing
The role of Trade Union Women in Economic Development
Labor Relations amp Collective Bargaining
Collective Bargaining amp Research
Collective Bargaining amp Trade Union Rights
Adjustment to Automation
A specially selected group of 15-20 participants annually US
receives a specialuniversity level curriculum These partshy
icipants are elected or appointed union officials who are
currently at the policy making level This training is conshy
ducted in Spanish in the Washington DC area by professors
from the Consortium of DC area universities The courses
include subjects such as Survey of Basic Economics International
Relations Industrial Sociology Survey of Contemporary Latin
16
America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and
Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political
Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor
Relations in Latin America and individual research projects
AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali
Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists
to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD
provides technical assistance in management of credit unions
and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type
of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances
the prestige and attraction of free labor unions
b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed
in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic
intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services
for their members and organizational units established (education
social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for
local programs
c Important Output Assumptions
1 The ability of union leaders to
negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies
more effective union management based on AIFLD education of
union leadership
17
2 Union members will devote free time at
night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers
will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy
time courses
3 Trained instructors will be available to
conduct education programs
4 Project Inputs
a Kinds of Inputs
US Government
1 Funds for program and administrative
expenses
Logistic support (motor pool furniture2
duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the
country and EmbassyUSAID policy
Other Donors
1 Local logistic support (use of free
classroom space and instructors)
Funds for special project activities2
(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)
AIFLD private funds for special projects3
4 ITS private funds for shared staff and
program costs
5 Local funds for lost-time payments to
somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in
cases
18
US Government
Estimated costs of the program to the US
Government over the project period have been estimated on the
basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by
country and by time period the totals reveal an order of
magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows
1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ
60 52 44 55 14
The largest single element is comprised of
country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy
to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include
advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support
($15)
5 Analyses of Country Matrices
A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each
country regional and sub-regional program The indicators
selected are considered to be significantly better than previous
project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the
project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements
in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience
in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted
in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent
upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions
relative-to labor unions within each country
- 19 -
In examining the objectively verifiable indicators
used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards
goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress
in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of
unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number
and members so covered All eleven include indicators which
would show improvement in the economic position of members
through increased purchasing power of union members improvement
in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In
order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national
level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation
Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public
Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision
Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in
National Decision Making
In summary the currently planned End of Project Status
(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the
following dates
No Countries DATE (FY)
1 78
2 80
2 81
1 87
1 91
1 95 4 97
20
PART III
PROJECT ANALYSIS
A Technical Analysis
This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962
which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in
Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for
the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as
There is no alternate organization in the US which might
replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor
business and government and has developed staff organization
and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out
the Latin American Free Labor Development Program
Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the
carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to
labor education and social development activities throughout
the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other
support activities which have contributed to the existence and
effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of
Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser
The locales are classroomsextent social project development
and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in
only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current
technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program
objectives
21
Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy
country activities in the field will continue generally along
presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis
on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social
projects and a heavy component of participant training
Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program
proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents
(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are
finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the
US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites
Programs also vary in each country from time to time
depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the
part of the host governments and the local labor sector to
US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They
reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor
Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free
Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor
leaders
B bull Financial Analysis and Plan
The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current
year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for
complete details) The largest component of this total consists
of individual country programs which presently total 13
These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program
averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and
- 22 shy
$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate
a permanent in-country office including a resident US
representative The remainder consist of programs primarily
educational seminars and in some cases small social project
programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program
Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses
are in line with other AID contract representatives and could
not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of
allowances required by essentially all US citizens working
abroad
aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of
typical country program could be made only by eliminating the
US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two
reasons
1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its
financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)
which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with
labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country
where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis
to a large number of participants in educational programs who
are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy
ability
2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for
discussions of political matters with the Embassy which
frequently involve the use of classified information
-0 _11
Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a
nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis
However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt
AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in
the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where
designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning
purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that
It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish
that some will drop out but that others will be added so that
the total will remain roughly constant
which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work
to increase the average coat of in-country programs These
include
1 Inflation and
2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams
to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization
rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated
Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)
would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs
hold effects etc) 4444
- + ++ +
MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be
rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4
The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely
Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to
substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng
if + ++ if+ifif if
preussurea boen maintained to increase +
the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi
4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif
and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are
extremely limited in their resources They already contribute
in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM
However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are
reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future
- +
i
umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~
W9Um of tug
aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13
for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8
25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm
to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m
h1thfythgU V
amlo nf UWL mIam
Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000
toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse
toqeutioe sremI the
the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas
alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha
+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite
eeAbleof a mniut smestrat
+ ++++- + ++
- 22D -
Some country programs may drop out but others may be added
or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some
fashion since current staffing levels and administrative
costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated
It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset
the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at
this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response
by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe
the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and
81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time
23
C Social Analaysis
One of the major objectives of the program is to meet
the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life
with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of
economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components
of the labor force In order to realize progress certain
social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the
the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within
the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow
process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program
In many instances trade union organizations provide the
only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation
himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to
an improvement in his social well being The training of
leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly
with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with
small social impact projects provides the means whereby
attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to
the national level
It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity
labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining
economic and social benefits for their members This will be
reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work
and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will
- 24 shy
play in influencing the governments labor legislation and
its economic and social development programs Quantitative
data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained
in the country program matrices (eg membership social
services working conditions public influence governmental
relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases
but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with
any degree of validity
The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working
class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries
the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian
Union Development Services program which not only provides
for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the
development of cooperatives and the health field as well
The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis
participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of
women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal
pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs
During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses
included 16 women students while women students comprised
22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to
further improve this record
-- ---
- 25 -
One of the more important aspects of the program is that
it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a
significant number of low income people an opportunity to
seek improvement in their economic and social condition
through better representation and an opportunity to
participate in decisions affecting their working lives
D Economic Analysis
The nature of the labor develooment program as described
herein involves a mix of political social and economic
considerations and justifications It is difficult to
distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any
particular country at any given time let alone the region
as a whole
From the economic standzoint success in the project will
generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand
signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure
accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r
several of the country matries rcC_r _ns
will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments
but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level
which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable
reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues
payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations
and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the
- 26 shy
program and these too are not reliably reported Additional
amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE
obtained by the unions for their members and others through
collective bargaining but in this case we have the same
problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting
units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion
of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union
leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased
earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the
problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must
be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional
standpoint
- 27 -
PART IV
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements
1 Recipient
The American Institute for Free Labor Development
(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this
project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the
the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to
the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director
directs the development and implementation of programs and has
responsibility for the overall operation of the organization
The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible
directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies
and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the
Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and
monitor these programs on a continuing basis
Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director
in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD
is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity
of the program in country
The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and
administers the educational activities of the Institute and in
particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the
University Program and for providing technical services to the
- 28 shy
various country education programs The Front Royal Institute
provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably
be offered in individual countries The University Labor
Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified
young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university
level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of
labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the
Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links
the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -
Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American
The Department of Social Projects assists in the development
of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives
community projects and where appropriate housing projects
workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing
the importance of making credit available for local labor
organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a
Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this
field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this
nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in
establishing credit programs for workers)
The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of
Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and
Information Services
- 29 -
AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated
in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It
received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that
time it has received continuing support from AID and has
developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it
to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and
presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry
out the program under consideration
2 AID
Management of the project is centered in the Labor
Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and
Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau
of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through
designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches
or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project
The design and implementation of each of the Country programs
is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department
of State
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
4
bargaining and perform other useful functions in the
improvement of the economic and social life of their
members
The Policy paper further states Free and responsible
labor unions enjoying the right to engage in collective
bargaining can have an important role in the process of
modernization and the social and economic development of
the less developed countries For example by acting as
forums for the etchange of information and instruments for
attitudinal change on vLtal development issues such as
bringing to the fore difficult questions of social welfare
and equitable distribution of income seeking to improve the
conditions under which the commitment of labor to industry
takes place and helping advance population and family
planning goals labor unions may strengthen the forces in
a society which are impelling it to modernize
D Summary Findings
This project is consistent with the Foreign Assistance
Act of 1961 as amended and meets the criteria of Section
601 22 USC 2351 to foster private initiative and
competition to encourage the development and use of
cooperatives credit unions and savings and loan associations
to discourage monopolistic practices to improve the technical
efficiency of their industry agriculture and commerce and
5
to strengthen free labor unions In addition this
project is in concert with the Congressional Mandate of
1973 Sections 103 105 106 and 107 which call on AID
to provide basic services to poor people enhancing
their capacity for self-help to increase manpower
training in skills related to development to help
solve economic and social development problems in fields
such as transportation power industry urban development
and export development Congress support of a subshy
stantial role in foreign aid through US private organizshy
ations is well known and is repeated in miny of the Congressional
reports The House Foreign Affairs Committee wrote the Agency
would be expected to work closely with those (private) US
institutions and groups which already have ties established
in the recipient countries The people-to-people
institution-to-institution relationship between Americans
working in development and their equivalent organized groups
in the developing countries is a valuable concept
The project meets all applicable statutory criteria
E Project Issues
1 Is it in the best interest of the US Government
and the AID in particular to propose a five-year program
with AIFLD as this Project Paper proposes to do Are there
other options that the USG should consider
2 What are the prospects for AIFLD country programs being
continued in the region as more and more of the bilateral
6
AID programs are phased out
3 Might it be better to have AIFLD continue the
educational phase of the program and have social developshy
ment programs (health cooperatives etc) funded through
the Operational Program Grants
4 Rather than depend on a US-based private
organization operating primarily through bilateral programs
might it not be better to emphasize regional programs through
regional labor groups such as ORIT or the ITSs
5 Is it appropriate to support AIFLD programs in the
campesino sector
6 Is the balance between administrative and program
cost appropriate
7
PART II
A Background
This project is a follow-on effort to a project begun in
1962 From 1962 to FY 1973 labor programs in Latin American
countries were managed and funded by the USAIDs while US
training and AIFLD headquarters support operations were
managed and funded by AIDW
In FY 1973 all free labor development activities in the
region both US and in-country were combined into one
regional project The project is managed and funded by the
LA Bureau but maintains Country Team involvement in project
design analysis monitoring and evaluation
A comprehensive study of United States Labor Programs in
Latin America was conducted in 1975 by consultants Robert
Alexander and Henry Hammond Dr Alexander a university
professor is a recognized authority on Latin American organized
labor Henry Hammond is a retired Foreign Service Officer with
long experience as a Labor Attache in Latin America
The purpose of the study was to examine labor programs in
light of the significant political economic and social changes
which have occurred in Latin America since 1962 the beginning
of the Alliance for Progress The consultantsreport concluded
among other things
8
1 Aid to free trade unions or those aspiring to
be free conforms to the beliefs which hopefully are shared
by the great majority of our fellow citizens and support the
policy of our government These include a democratic
pluralistic society of relative equality of wealth of power of
social status (The United States Government is not alone in
supporting programs among others are the governments of West
Germany Sweden Netherlands and Great Britain as well as the
Soviet Union)
2 In certain Latin American countries problems may
arise in conducting labor programs due to local abuse of
traditional labor law or limitation on the right to strike
bargain collectively etc In such cases the role of AIFLD may
be
a To support those elementz in the labor
movement which under existing conditions are trying to maintain
something approaching a free labor movement or
b To train younger and 1cwer ranking labor
leaders so that when conditions improve they can renew
collective bargaining and the functiooning of trade union
democracy
3 Whether or not a labor program should be
maintained in a country which represses the free trade union
movement has to be the result of a Ualanced assessment of what
is to be gained and what is to be lost given the particular
c~rcumtances
~-~--- With WbtAWet IN~
represents at this tie the best IWutMxt to SZUy tie
AofWUnited ItprinoI~pa 9de
Latin AMexica Ibct aUM
9 Detailed 0escromL
The Latin Ameicn Mteebt LeR vpni
eseially a cnuiat aon -a rtelow baLSof IM m1 eS bestblihedin 142 with th eia ttate ftw rm
by us Labort PrtvaWte Mpts adi MS Vole OVWUSS AS
the present tise k=W Country SUaShesS are optatwu Iamp Is
L4 countries Zn the mS advanced tntiW hSIUU8 a$
traininq 40 perons per cycle an a mLdestia basts hir Le
to seven cycles Per yea at Tronst ToLVa i a speeI
moris is tiatnm 11-20 pet~aup 1wS LeUniversity amo wsimwashtngton through a mnsotim of ft
AZD has been tbe PuLIaPaL OOM Of tedS duttW U5 Pee
funia period and anears WL~y to tesl est at Ieasth
the near ftues The AZP ammil obuggtt sampe 6 f
$56 milon atae fT 103 reagia ftm aM 5ffOLWaU S iamp
173 toa lo ofV$1fliLUwi La 2f4s IS Iss rum~ ow
-n~i~ pc m ba bes bmb m ashy
omisendatUss of OfJaiLi Pa
A- shy
IV
subamlow~aa nal tatilo owbekieoo MgAm=uwAMvqomm4p
is~N Oleeuaas subampims Uw Pt
Mo asM1=0SMall mn 9 0
0w imf awtmLauli aatt
off foam umJAnwLfimiea
NoUw aMwFmpose toam senil
AilimaWaewomm asAhii
304
--4 S
4 ove soialoia n r
5 Increased labor influence on national
Vol Increased membership paric pation jiIn r
attabs of natlon4 labor organixationsp local unions and
a lasS SMmp ons of Goal Achievements Goal aches twl3 depend not only on the direct impact and
ofWtheW prjctipusbu h4940i Uv ls n economic- shy
and poUtal ollmste of each program country It is assumed Men W UaLptinq countries the development of democraticthe
Maittia (udnios) imoreases the probability of a more eSsitabl d1trLbution of wealth and a stronger labor movement AUL eune nore Luesco on the political economic and social
de~epetproe It is further aemmed that such peeiat willMaLU11w untos to operate indepefdently and
eame the 1vegmmets wr Political parties will ffectively wuvs or U6h0it Mo 1e4e Pmt of dementi~a unions nor
News
a minauth et w~ey o e
aiv~ko ~ ~ tk~
12
educational programs to heighten the effectiveness of labor
leadership and administration at all levels Other types of
assistance will include fostering social projects related to
labor organizations (eg credit unions consumer cooperatives
clinics community development etc) Another aspect of this
project is to strengthen communication and collaboration
between the free labor organizations of the various countries
and between them and the principal appropriate international
labor organizations-- the Inter-American Regional Organization
of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (ITS)
as well as the AFL-CIO itself Such associations will complement
other measures to enhance the stature of Latin American labor
organizations and to assist their progress toward free democratic
and responsible unionism
b Conditions Expected at End of Project (Targets)For each participating country
one (or more) national democratic labor confederation that has
competent leadership and adequate staff has an adequate operating
budget is financially self-sufficient provides a series of
services to its affiliates is located in its own national headshy
quarters periodically publishes a newspaper or newsletter is
governed in a democratic manner and is affiliated with and pays
dues to ORIT Targets for each country or sub-regional program
as well as growth in labor union membership income from dues
union financial strength and the number quality and coverage
of collective agreements are specified in the attached country
13
matrices (Annex one (1))
It should be clearly borne in mind however that attempts to measure such quantitative changes are difficult because available country data are often not available or reliable
Further growth may be stopped or even reversed at times because of unforeseen political factors which negate the best efforts of the contractor Therefore the EOPS targets as indicated in the attached country matrices vary considerably and may have to be changed from time to time In certain cases EOPS of longer than five years are indicated in other cases it has proved impossible to identify an EOPS date which appears realistic to all parties including the CT and AIDW Accordingly for overall purposes of the regional Project Paper five year approval of the regional labor program is requested in order to cover all AIFLD programs anticipated to be in operation during
the period FY 1977-1981
Hopefully a significant portion of the in-country activities of the project (eg operation of national training programs and social projects) will have been taken over by LA countries or international labor organizations by the time of final termination of AID funding to this project In some cases this may depend upon an increase in the income and staff of the principal appropriate international labor organizations--the
Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (=TS) so that they could
14
supplement the capacity of the less-developed labor movements
The same could also be said of the relationship between
stronger and weaker labor organizations within each country
Consequently a strengthening of ties (through increased
affiliations and dues contributions) between labor organizations
both nationally and internationally will be an important
condition precedent to the end of the AID-financed project
c Basic Assumptions The basic assumption
concerning design-of this project is that workers in the other
countries of the region can best be helped to achieve the goal
by an organization closely related to the labor movement in the
United States This assumption proceeds from matters of
feelings of fraternal solidaritytechnical expertise as well as
and was the underlying reason for making the American Institute
for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) the chosen instrument of
AID for this project Another important assumption is that
the governments of the several countries will continue to permit
AIFLD to operate within their jurisdictions and will honor
their international commitments favoring free labor organizations
3 Project Outputs
a Training courses will be given in the various
Latin American countries dealing with fundamental labor union
themes such as labor law and practice social security law and
practice collective bargaining and grievance procedures
parliamentary procedure and public speaking history of the
15
international labor union movement social theory labor union
accounting communications and public relations Such
courses are given at basic intermediate and specialized levels
Special courses are provided for agrarian rural workers
(compesinos) teachers and for members of cooperatives associated
with labor unions
Two hundred graduates of local courses come to the United
States annually for advanced training at the AIFLD center
at Front Royal Virginia Examples of such courses include
Techniques of Organizing
The role of Trade Union Women in Economic Development
Labor Relations amp Collective Bargaining
Collective Bargaining amp Research
Collective Bargaining amp Trade Union Rights
Adjustment to Automation
A specially selected group of 15-20 participants annually US
receives a specialuniversity level curriculum These partshy
icipants are elected or appointed union officials who are
currently at the policy making level This training is conshy
ducted in Spanish in the Washington DC area by professors
from the Consortium of DC area universities The courses
include subjects such as Survey of Basic Economics International
Relations Industrial Sociology Survey of Contemporary Latin
16
America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and
Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political
Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor
Relations in Latin America and individual research projects
AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali
Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists
to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD
provides technical assistance in management of credit unions
and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type
of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances
the prestige and attraction of free labor unions
b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed
in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic
intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services
for their members and organizational units established (education
social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for
local programs
c Important Output Assumptions
1 The ability of union leaders to
negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies
more effective union management based on AIFLD education of
union leadership
17
2 Union members will devote free time at
night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers
will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy
time courses
3 Trained instructors will be available to
conduct education programs
4 Project Inputs
a Kinds of Inputs
US Government
1 Funds for program and administrative
expenses
Logistic support (motor pool furniture2
duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the
country and EmbassyUSAID policy
Other Donors
1 Local logistic support (use of free
classroom space and instructors)
Funds for special project activities2
(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)
AIFLD private funds for special projects3
4 ITS private funds for shared staff and
program costs
5 Local funds for lost-time payments to
somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in
cases
18
US Government
Estimated costs of the program to the US
Government over the project period have been estimated on the
basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by
country and by time period the totals reveal an order of
magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows
1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ
60 52 44 55 14
The largest single element is comprised of
country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy
to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include
advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support
($15)
5 Analyses of Country Matrices
A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each
country regional and sub-regional program The indicators
selected are considered to be significantly better than previous
project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the
project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements
in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience
in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted
in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent
upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions
relative-to labor unions within each country
- 19 -
In examining the objectively verifiable indicators
used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards
goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress
in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of
unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number
and members so covered All eleven include indicators which
would show improvement in the economic position of members
through increased purchasing power of union members improvement
in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In
order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national
level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation
Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public
Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision
Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in
National Decision Making
In summary the currently planned End of Project Status
(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the
following dates
No Countries DATE (FY)
1 78
2 80
2 81
1 87
1 91
1 95 4 97
20
PART III
PROJECT ANALYSIS
A Technical Analysis
This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962
which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in
Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for
the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as
There is no alternate organization in the US which might
replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor
business and government and has developed staff organization
and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out
the Latin American Free Labor Development Program
Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the
carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to
labor education and social development activities throughout
the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other
support activities which have contributed to the existence and
effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of
Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser
The locales are classroomsextent social project development
and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in
only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current
technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program
objectives
21
Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy
country activities in the field will continue generally along
presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis
on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social
projects and a heavy component of participant training
Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program
proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents
(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are
finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the
US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites
Programs also vary in each country from time to time
depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the
part of the host governments and the local labor sector to
US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They
reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor
Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free
Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor
leaders
B bull Financial Analysis and Plan
The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current
year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for
complete details) The largest component of this total consists
of individual country programs which presently total 13
These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program
averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and
- 22 shy
$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate
a permanent in-country office including a resident US
representative The remainder consist of programs primarily
educational seminars and in some cases small social project
programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program
Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses
are in line with other AID contract representatives and could
not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of
allowances required by essentially all US citizens working
abroad
aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of
typical country program could be made only by eliminating the
US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two
reasons
1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its
financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)
which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with
labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country
where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis
to a large number of participants in educational programs who
are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy
ability
2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for
discussions of political matters with the Embassy which
frequently involve the use of classified information
-0 _11
Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a
nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis
However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt
AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in
the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where
designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning
purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that
It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish
that some will drop out but that others will be added so that
the total will remain roughly constant
which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work
to increase the average coat of in-country programs These
include
1 Inflation and
2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams
to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization
rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated
Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)
would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs
hold effects etc) 4444
- + ++ +
MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be
rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4
The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely
Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to
substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng
if + ++ if+ifif if
preussurea boen maintained to increase +
the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi
4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif
and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are
extremely limited in their resources They already contribute
in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM
However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are
reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future
- +
i
umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~
W9Um of tug
aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13
for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8
25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm
to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m
h1thfythgU V
amlo nf UWL mIam
Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000
toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse
toqeutioe sremI the
the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas
alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha
+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite
eeAbleof a mniut smestrat
+ ++++- + ++
- 22D -
Some country programs may drop out but others may be added
or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some
fashion since current staffing levels and administrative
costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated
It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset
the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at
this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response
by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe
the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and
81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time
23
C Social Analaysis
One of the major objectives of the program is to meet
the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life
with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of
economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components
of the labor force In order to realize progress certain
social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the
the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within
the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow
process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program
In many instances trade union organizations provide the
only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation
himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to
an improvement in his social well being The training of
leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly
with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with
small social impact projects provides the means whereby
attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to
the national level
It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity
labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining
economic and social benefits for their members This will be
reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work
and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will
- 24 shy
play in influencing the governments labor legislation and
its economic and social development programs Quantitative
data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained
in the country program matrices (eg membership social
services working conditions public influence governmental
relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases
but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with
any degree of validity
The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working
class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries
the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian
Union Development Services program which not only provides
for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the
development of cooperatives and the health field as well
The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis
participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of
women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal
pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs
During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses
included 16 women students while women students comprised
22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to
further improve this record
-- ---
- 25 -
One of the more important aspects of the program is that
it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a
significant number of low income people an opportunity to
seek improvement in their economic and social condition
through better representation and an opportunity to
participate in decisions affecting their working lives
D Economic Analysis
The nature of the labor develooment program as described
herein involves a mix of political social and economic
considerations and justifications It is difficult to
distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any
particular country at any given time let alone the region
as a whole
From the economic standzoint success in the project will
generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand
signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure
accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r
several of the country matries rcC_r _ns
will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments
but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level
which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable
reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues
payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations
and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the
- 26 shy
program and these too are not reliably reported Additional
amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE
obtained by the unions for their members and others through
collective bargaining but in this case we have the same
problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting
units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion
of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union
leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased
earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the
problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must
be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional
standpoint
- 27 -
PART IV
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements
1 Recipient
The American Institute for Free Labor Development
(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this
project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the
the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to
the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director
directs the development and implementation of programs and has
responsibility for the overall operation of the organization
The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible
directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies
and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the
Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and
monitor these programs on a continuing basis
Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director
in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD
is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity
of the program in country
The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and
administers the educational activities of the Institute and in
particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the
University Program and for providing technical services to the
- 28 shy
various country education programs The Front Royal Institute
provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably
be offered in individual countries The University Labor
Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified
young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university
level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of
labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the
Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links
the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -
Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American
The Department of Social Projects assists in the development
of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives
community projects and where appropriate housing projects
workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing
the importance of making credit available for local labor
organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a
Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this
field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this
nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in
establishing credit programs for workers)
The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of
Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and
Information Services
- 29 -
AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated
in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It
received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that
time it has received continuing support from AID and has
developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it
to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and
presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry
out the program under consideration
2 AID
Management of the project is centered in the Labor
Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and
Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau
of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through
designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches
or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project
The design and implementation of each of the Country programs
is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department
of State
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
5
to strengthen free labor unions In addition this
project is in concert with the Congressional Mandate of
1973 Sections 103 105 106 and 107 which call on AID
to provide basic services to poor people enhancing
their capacity for self-help to increase manpower
training in skills related to development to help
solve economic and social development problems in fields
such as transportation power industry urban development
and export development Congress support of a subshy
stantial role in foreign aid through US private organizshy
ations is well known and is repeated in miny of the Congressional
reports The House Foreign Affairs Committee wrote the Agency
would be expected to work closely with those (private) US
institutions and groups which already have ties established
in the recipient countries The people-to-people
institution-to-institution relationship between Americans
working in development and their equivalent organized groups
in the developing countries is a valuable concept
The project meets all applicable statutory criteria
E Project Issues
1 Is it in the best interest of the US Government
and the AID in particular to propose a five-year program
with AIFLD as this Project Paper proposes to do Are there
other options that the USG should consider
2 What are the prospects for AIFLD country programs being
continued in the region as more and more of the bilateral
6
AID programs are phased out
3 Might it be better to have AIFLD continue the
educational phase of the program and have social developshy
ment programs (health cooperatives etc) funded through
the Operational Program Grants
4 Rather than depend on a US-based private
organization operating primarily through bilateral programs
might it not be better to emphasize regional programs through
regional labor groups such as ORIT or the ITSs
5 Is it appropriate to support AIFLD programs in the
campesino sector
6 Is the balance between administrative and program
cost appropriate
7
PART II
A Background
This project is a follow-on effort to a project begun in
1962 From 1962 to FY 1973 labor programs in Latin American
countries were managed and funded by the USAIDs while US
training and AIFLD headquarters support operations were
managed and funded by AIDW
In FY 1973 all free labor development activities in the
region both US and in-country were combined into one
regional project The project is managed and funded by the
LA Bureau but maintains Country Team involvement in project
design analysis monitoring and evaluation
A comprehensive study of United States Labor Programs in
Latin America was conducted in 1975 by consultants Robert
Alexander and Henry Hammond Dr Alexander a university
professor is a recognized authority on Latin American organized
labor Henry Hammond is a retired Foreign Service Officer with
long experience as a Labor Attache in Latin America
The purpose of the study was to examine labor programs in
light of the significant political economic and social changes
which have occurred in Latin America since 1962 the beginning
of the Alliance for Progress The consultantsreport concluded
among other things
8
1 Aid to free trade unions or those aspiring to
be free conforms to the beliefs which hopefully are shared
by the great majority of our fellow citizens and support the
policy of our government These include a democratic
pluralistic society of relative equality of wealth of power of
social status (The United States Government is not alone in
supporting programs among others are the governments of West
Germany Sweden Netherlands and Great Britain as well as the
Soviet Union)
2 In certain Latin American countries problems may
arise in conducting labor programs due to local abuse of
traditional labor law or limitation on the right to strike
bargain collectively etc In such cases the role of AIFLD may
be
a To support those elementz in the labor
movement which under existing conditions are trying to maintain
something approaching a free labor movement or
b To train younger and 1cwer ranking labor
leaders so that when conditions improve they can renew
collective bargaining and the functiooning of trade union
democracy
3 Whether or not a labor program should be
maintained in a country which represses the free trade union
movement has to be the result of a Ualanced assessment of what
is to be gained and what is to be lost given the particular
c~rcumtances
~-~--- With WbtAWet IN~
represents at this tie the best IWutMxt to SZUy tie
AofWUnited ItprinoI~pa 9de
Latin AMexica Ibct aUM
9 Detailed 0escromL
The Latin Ameicn Mteebt LeR vpni
eseially a cnuiat aon -a rtelow baLSof IM m1 eS bestblihedin 142 with th eia ttate ftw rm
by us Labort PrtvaWte Mpts adi MS Vole OVWUSS AS
the present tise k=W Country SUaShesS are optatwu Iamp Is
L4 countries Zn the mS advanced tntiW hSIUU8 a$
traininq 40 perons per cycle an a mLdestia basts hir Le
to seven cycles Per yea at Tronst ToLVa i a speeI
moris is tiatnm 11-20 pet~aup 1wS LeUniversity amo wsimwashtngton through a mnsotim of ft
AZD has been tbe PuLIaPaL OOM Of tedS duttW U5 Pee
funia period and anears WL~y to tesl est at Ieasth
the near ftues The AZP ammil obuggtt sampe 6 f
$56 milon atae fT 103 reagia ftm aM 5ffOLWaU S iamp
173 toa lo ofV$1fliLUwi La 2f4s IS Iss rum~ ow
-n~i~ pc m ba bes bmb m ashy
omisendatUss of OfJaiLi Pa
A- shy
IV
subamlow~aa nal tatilo owbekieoo MgAm=uwAMvqomm4p
is~N Oleeuaas subampims Uw Pt
Mo asM1=0SMall mn 9 0
0w imf awtmLauli aatt
off foam umJAnwLfimiea
NoUw aMwFmpose toam senil
AilimaWaewomm asAhii
304
--4 S
4 ove soialoia n r
5 Increased labor influence on national
Vol Increased membership paric pation jiIn r
attabs of natlon4 labor organixationsp local unions and
a lasS SMmp ons of Goal Achievements Goal aches twl3 depend not only on the direct impact and
ofWtheW prjctipusbu h4940i Uv ls n economic- shy
and poUtal ollmste of each program country It is assumed Men W UaLptinq countries the development of democraticthe
Maittia (udnios) imoreases the probability of a more eSsitabl d1trLbution of wealth and a stronger labor movement AUL eune nore Luesco on the political economic and social
de~epetproe It is further aemmed that such peeiat willMaLU11w untos to operate indepefdently and
eame the 1vegmmets wr Political parties will ffectively wuvs or U6h0it Mo 1e4e Pmt of dementi~a unions nor
News
a minauth et w~ey o e
aiv~ko ~ ~ tk~
12
educational programs to heighten the effectiveness of labor
leadership and administration at all levels Other types of
assistance will include fostering social projects related to
labor organizations (eg credit unions consumer cooperatives
clinics community development etc) Another aspect of this
project is to strengthen communication and collaboration
between the free labor organizations of the various countries
and between them and the principal appropriate international
labor organizations-- the Inter-American Regional Organization
of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (ITS)
as well as the AFL-CIO itself Such associations will complement
other measures to enhance the stature of Latin American labor
organizations and to assist their progress toward free democratic
and responsible unionism
b Conditions Expected at End of Project (Targets)For each participating country
one (or more) national democratic labor confederation that has
competent leadership and adequate staff has an adequate operating
budget is financially self-sufficient provides a series of
services to its affiliates is located in its own national headshy
quarters periodically publishes a newspaper or newsletter is
governed in a democratic manner and is affiliated with and pays
dues to ORIT Targets for each country or sub-regional program
as well as growth in labor union membership income from dues
union financial strength and the number quality and coverage
of collective agreements are specified in the attached country
13
matrices (Annex one (1))
It should be clearly borne in mind however that attempts to measure such quantitative changes are difficult because available country data are often not available or reliable
Further growth may be stopped or even reversed at times because of unforeseen political factors which negate the best efforts of the contractor Therefore the EOPS targets as indicated in the attached country matrices vary considerably and may have to be changed from time to time In certain cases EOPS of longer than five years are indicated in other cases it has proved impossible to identify an EOPS date which appears realistic to all parties including the CT and AIDW Accordingly for overall purposes of the regional Project Paper five year approval of the regional labor program is requested in order to cover all AIFLD programs anticipated to be in operation during
the period FY 1977-1981
Hopefully a significant portion of the in-country activities of the project (eg operation of national training programs and social projects) will have been taken over by LA countries or international labor organizations by the time of final termination of AID funding to this project In some cases this may depend upon an increase in the income and staff of the principal appropriate international labor organizations--the
Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (=TS) so that they could
14
supplement the capacity of the less-developed labor movements
The same could also be said of the relationship between
stronger and weaker labor organizations within each country
Consequently a strengthening of ties (through increased
affiliations and dues contributions) between labor organizations
both nationally and internationally will be an important
condition precedent to the end of the AID-financed project
c Basic Assumptions The basic assumption
concerning design-of this project is that workers in the other
countries of the region can best be helped to achieve the goal
by an organization closely related to the labor movement in the
United States This assumption proceeds from matters of
feelings of fraternal solidaritytechnical expertise as well as
and was the underlying reason for making the American Institute
for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) the chosen instrument of
AID for this project Another important assumption is that
the governments of the several countries will continue to permit
AIFLD to operate within their jurisdictions and will honor
their international commitments favoring free labor organizations
3 Project Outputs
a Training courses will be given in the various
Latin American countries dealing with fundamental labor union
themes such as labor law and practice social security law and
practice collective bargaining and grievance procedures
parliamentary procedure and public speaking history of the
15
international labor union movement social theory labor union
accounting communications and public relations Such
courses are given at basic intermediate and specialized levels
Special courses are provided for agrarian rural workers
(compesinos) teachers and for members of cooperatives associated
with labor unions
Two hundred graduates of local courses come to the United
States annually for advanced training at the AIFLD center
at Front Royal Virginia Examples of such courses include
Techniques of Organizing
The role of Trade Union Women in Economic Development
Labor Relations amp Collective Bargaining
Collective Bargaining amp Research
Collective Bargaining amp Trade Union Rights
Adjustment to Automation
A specially selected group of 15-20 participants annually US
receives a specialuniversity level curriculum These partshy
icipants are elected or appointed union officials who are
currently at the policy making level This training is conshy
ducted in Spanish in the Washington DC area by professors
from the Consortium of DC area universities The courses
include subjects such as Survey of Basic Economics International
Relations Industrial Sociology Survey of Contemporary Latin
16
America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and
Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political
Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor
Relations in Latin America and individual research projects
AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali
Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists
to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD
provides technical assistance in management of credit unions
and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type
of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances
the prestige and attraction of free labor unions
b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed
in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic
intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services
for their members and organizational units established (education
social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for
local programs
c Important Output Assumptions
1 The ability of union leaders to
negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies
more effective union management based on AIFLD education of
union leadership
17
2 Union members will devote free time at
night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers
will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy
time courses
3 Trained instructors will be available to
conduct education programs
4 Project Inputs
a Kinds of Inputs
US Government
1 Funds for program and administrative
expenses
Logistic support (motor pool furniture2
duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the
country and EmbassyUSAID policy
Other Donors
1 Local logistic support (use of free
classroom space and instructors)
Funds for special project activities2
(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)
AIFLD private funds for special projects3
4 ITS private funds for shared staff and
program costs
5 Local funds for lost-time payments to
somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in
cases
18
US Government
Estimated costs of the program to the US
Government over the project period have been estimated on the
basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by
country and by time period the totals reveal an order of
magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows
1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ
60 52 44 55 14
The largest single element is comprised of
country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy
to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include
advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support
($15)
5 Analyses of Country Matrices
A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each
country regional and sub-regional program The indicators
selected are considered to be significantly better than previous
project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the
project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements
in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience
in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted
in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent
upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions
relative-to labor unions within each country
- 19 -
In examining the objectively verifiable indicators
used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards
goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress
in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of
unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number
and members so covered All eleven include indicators which
would show improvement in the economic position of members
through increased purchasing power of union members improvement
in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In
order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national
level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation
Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public
Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision
Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in
National Decision Making
In summary the currently planned End of Project Status
(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the
following dates
No Countries DATE (FY)
1 78
2 80
2 81
1 87
1 91
1 95 4 97
20
PART III
PROJECT ANALYSIS
A Technical Analysis
This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962
which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in
Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for
the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as
There is no alternate organization in the US which might
replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor
business and government and has developed staff organization
and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out
the Latin American Free Labor Development Program
Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the
carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to
labor education and social development activities throughout
the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other
support activities which have contributed to the existence and
effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of
Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser
The locales are classroomsextent social project development
and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in
only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current
technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program
objectives
21
Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy
country activities in the field will continue generally along
presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis
on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social
projects and a heavy component of participant training
Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program
proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents
(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are
finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the
US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites
Programs also vary in each country from time to time
depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the
part of the host governments and the local labor sector to
US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They
reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor
Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free
Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor
leaders
B bull Financial Analysis and Plan
The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current
year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for
complete details) The largest component of this total consists
of individual country programs which presently total 13
These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program
averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and
- 22 shy
$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate
a permanent in-country office including a resident US
representative The remainder consist of programs primarily
educational seminars and in some cases small social project
programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program
Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses
are in line with other AID contract representatives and could
not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of
allowances required by essentially all US citizens working
abroad
aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of
typical country program could be made only by eliminating the
US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two
reasons
1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its
financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)
which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with
labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country
where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis
to a large number of participants in educational programs who
are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy
ability
2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for
discussions of political matters with the Embassy which
frequently involve the use of classified information
-0 _11
Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a
nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis
However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt
AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in
the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where
designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning
purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that
It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish
that some will drop out but that others will be added so that
the total will remain roughly constant
which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work
to increase the average coat of in-country programs These
include
1 Inflation and
2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams
to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization
rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated
Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)
would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs
hold effects etc) 4444
- + ++ +
MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be
rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4
The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely
Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to
substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng
if + ++ if+ifif if
preussurea boen maintained to increase +
the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi
4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif
and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are
extremely limited in their resources They already contribute
in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM
However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are
reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future
- +
i
umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~
W9Um of tug
aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13
for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8
25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm
to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m
h1thfythgU V
amlo nf UWL mIam
Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000
toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse
toqeutioe sremI the
the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas
alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha
+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite
eeAbleof a mniut smestrat
+ ++++- + ++
- 22D -
Some country programs may drop out but others may be added
or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some
fashion since current staffing levels and administrative
costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated
It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset
the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at
this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response
by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe
the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and
81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time
23
C Social Analaysis
One of the major objectives of the program is to meet
the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life
with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of
economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components
of the labor force In order to realize progress certain
social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the
the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within
the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow
process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program
In many instances trade union organizations provide the
only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation
himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to
an improvement in his social well being The training of
leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly
with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with
small social impact projects provides the means whereby
attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to
the national level
It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity
labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining
economic and social benefits for their members This will be
reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work
and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will
- 24 shy
play in influencing the governments labor legislation and
its economic and social development programs Quantitative
data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained
in the country program matrices (eg membership social
services working conditions public influence governmental
relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases
but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with
any degree of validity
The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working
class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries
the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian
Union Development Services program which not only provides
for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the
development of cooperatives and the health field as well
The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis
participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of
women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal
pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs
During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses
included 16 women students while women students comprised
22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to
further improve this record
-- ---
- 25 -
One of the more important aspects of the program is that
it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a
significant number of low income people an opportunity to
seek improvement in their economic and social condition
through better representation and an opportunity to
participate in decisions affecting their working lives
D Economic Analysis
The nature of the labor develooment program as described
herein involves a mix of political social and economic
considerations and justifications It is difficult to
distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any
particular country at any given time let alone the region
as a whole
From the economic standzoint success in the project will
generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand
signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure
accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r
several of the country matries rcC_r _ns
will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments
but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level
which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable
reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues
payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations
and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the
- 26 shy
program and these too are not reliably reported Additional
amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE
obtained by the unions for their members and others through
collective bargaining but in this case we have the same
problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting
units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion
of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union
leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased
earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the
problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must
be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional
standpoint
- 27 -
PART IV
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements
1 Recipient
The American Institute for Free Labor Development
(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this
project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the
the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to
the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director
directs the development and implementation of programs and has
responsibility for the overall operation of the organization
The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible
directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies
and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the
Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and
monitor these programs on a continuing basis
Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director
in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD
is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity
of the program in country
The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and
administers the educational activities of the Institute and in
particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the
University Program and for providing technical services to the
- 28 shy
various country education programs The Front Royal Institute
provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably
be offered in individual countries The University Labor
Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified
young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university
level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of
labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the
Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links
the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -
Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American
The Department of Social Projects assists in the development
of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives
community projects and where appropriate housing projects
workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing
the importance of making credit available for local labor
organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a
Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this
field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this
nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in
establishing credit programs for workers)
The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of
Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and
Information Services
- 29 -
AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated
in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It
received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that
time it has received continuing support from AID and has
developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it
to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and
presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry
out the program under consideration
2 AID
Management of the project is centered in the Labor
Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and
Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau
of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through
designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches
or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project
The design and implementation of each of the Country programs
is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department
of State
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
6
AID programs are phased out
3 Might it be better to have AIFLD continue the
educational phase of the program and have social developshy
ment programs (health cooperatives etc) funded through
the Operational Program Grants
4 Rather than depend on a US-based private
organization operating primarily through bilateral programs
might it not be better to emphasize regional programs through
regional labor groups such as ORIT or the ITSs
5 Is it appropriate to support AIFLD programs in the
campesino sector
6 Is the balance between administrative and program
cost appropriate
7
PART II
A Background
This project is a follow-on effort to a project begun in
1962 From 1962 to FY 1973 labor programs in Latin American
countries were managed and funded by the USAIDs while US
training and AIFLD headquarters support operations were
managed and funded by AIDW
In FY 1973 all free labor development activities in the
region both US and in-country were combined into one
regional project The project is managed and funded by the
LA Bureau but maintains Country Team involvement in project
design analysis monitoring and evaluation
A comprehensive study of United States Labor Programs in
Latin America was conducted in 1975 by consultants Robert
Alexander and Henry Hammond Dr Alexander a university
professor is a recognized authority on Latin American organized
labor Henry Hammond is a retired Foreign Service Officer with
long experience as a Labor Attache in Latin America
The purpose of the study was to examine labor programs in
light of the significant political economic and social changes
which have occurred in Latin America since 1962 the beginning
of the Alliance for Progress The consultantsreport concluded
among other things
8
1 Aid to free trade unions or those aspiring to
be free conforms to the beliefs which hopefully are shared
by the great majority of our fellow citizens and support the
policy of our government These include a democratic
pluralistic society of relative equality of wealth of power of
social status (The United States Government is not alone in
supporting programs among others are the governments of West
Germany Sweden Netherlands and Great Britain as well as the
Soviet Union)
2 In certain Latin American countries problems may
arise in conducting labor programs due to local abuse of
traditional labor law or limitation on the right to strike
bargain collectively etc In such cases the role of AIFLD may
be
a To support those elementz in the labor
movement which under existing conditions are trying to maintain
something approaching a free labor movement or
b To train younger and 1cwer ranking labor
leaders so that when conditions improve they can renew
collective bargaining and the functiooning of trade union
democracy
3 Whether or not a labor program should be
maintained in a country which represses the free trade union
movement has to be the result of a Ualanced assessment of what
is to be gained and what is to be lost given the particular
c~rcumtances
~-~--- With WbtAWet IN~
represents at this tie the best IWutMxt to SZUy tie
AofWUnited ItprinoI~pa 9de
Latin AMexica Ibct aUM
9 Detailed 0escromL
The Latin Ameicn Mteebt LeR vpni
eseially a cnuiat aon -a rtelow baLSof IM m1 eS bestblihedin 142 with th eia ttate ftw rm
by us Labort PrtvaWte Mpts adi MS Vole OVWUSS AS
the present tise k=W Country SUaShesS are optatwu Iamp Is
L4 countries Zn the mS advanced tntiW hSIUU8 a$
traininq 40 perons per cycle an a mLdestia basts hir Le
to seven cycles Per yea at Tronst ToLVa i a speeI
moris is tiatnm 11-20 pet~aup 1wS LeUniversity amo wsimwashtngton through a mnsotim of ft
AZD has been tbe PuLIaPaL OOM Of tedS duttW U5 Pee
funia period and anears WL~y to tesl est at Ieasth
the near ftues The AZP ammil obuggtt sampe 6 f
$56 milon atae fT 103 reagia ftm aM 5ffOLWaU S iamp
173 toa lo ofV$1fliLUwi La 2f4s IS Iss rum~ ow
-n~i~ pc m ba bes bmb m ashy
omisendatUss of OfJaiLi Pa
A- shy
IV
subamlow~aa nal tatilo owbekieoo MgAm=uwAMvqomm4p
is~N Oleeuaas subampims Uw Pt
Mo asM1=0SMall mn 9 0
0w imf awtmLauli aatt
off foam umJAnwLfimiea
NoUw aMwFmpose toam senil
AilimaWaewomm asAhii
304
--4 S
4 ove soialoia n r
5 Increased labor influence on national
Vol Increased membership paric pation jiIn r
attabs of natlon4 labor organixationsp local unions and
a lasS SMmp ons of Goal Achievements Goal aches twl3 depend not only on the direct impact and
ofWtheW prjctipusbu h4940i Uv ls n economic- shy
and poUtal ollmste of each program country It is assumed Men W UaLptinq countries the development of democraticthe
Maittia (udnios) imoreases the probability of a more eSsitabl d1trLbution of wealth and a stronger labor movement AUL eune nore Luesco on the political economic and social
de~epetproe It is further aemmed that such peeiat willMaLU11w untos to operate indepefdently and
eame the 1vegmmets wr Political parties will ffectively wuvs or U6h0it Mo 1e4e Pmt of dementi~a unions nor
News
a minauth et w~ey o e
aiv~ko ~ ~ tk~
12
educational programs to heighten the effectiveness of labor
leadership and administration at all levels Other types of
assistance will include fostering social projects related to
labor organizations (eg credit unions consumer cooperatives
clinics community development etc) Another aspect of this
project is to strengthen communication and collaboration
between the free labor organizations of the various countries
and between them and the principal appropriate international
labor organizations-- the Inter-American Regional Organization
of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (ITS)
as well as the AFL-CIO itself Such associations will complement
other measures to enhance the stature of Latin American labor
organizations and to assist their progress toward free democratic
and responsible unionism
b Conditions Expected at End of Project (Targets)For each participating country
one (or more) national democratic labor confederation that has
competent leadership and adequate staff has an adequate operating
budget is financially self-sufficient provides a series of
services to its affiliates is located in its own national headshy
quarters periodically publishes a newspaper or newsletter is
governed in a democratic manner and is affiliated with and pays
dues to ORIT Targets for each country or sub-regional program
as well as growth in labor union membership income from dues
union financial strength and the number quality and coverage
of collective agreements are specified in the attached country
13
matrices (Annex one (1))
It should be clearly borne in mind however that attempts to measure such quantitative changes are difficult because available country data are often not available or reliable
Further growth may be stopped or even reversed at times because of unforeseen political factors which negate the best efforts of the contractor Therefore the EOPS targets as indicated in the attached country matrices vary considerably and may have to be changed from time to time In certain cases EOPS of longer than five years are indicated in other cases it has proved impossible to identify an EOPS date which appears realistic to all parties including the CT and AIDW Accordingly for overall purposes of the regional Project Paper five year approval of the regional labor program is requested in order to cover all AIFLD programs anticipated to be in operation during
the period FY 1977-1981
Hopefully a significant portion of the in-country activities of the project (eg operation of national training programs and social projects) will have been taken over by LA countries or international labor organizations by the time of final termination of AID funding to this project In some cases this may depend upon an increase in the income and staff of the principal appropriate international labor organizations--the
Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (=TS) so that they could
14
supplement the capacity of the less-developed labor movements
The same could also be said of the relationship between
stronger and weaker labor organizations within each country
Consequently a strengthening of ties (through increased
affiliations and dues contributions) between labor organizations
both nationally and internationally will be an important
condition precedent to the end of the AID-financed project
c Basic Assumptions The basic assumption
concerning design-of this project is that workers in the other
countries of the region can best be helped to achieve the goal
by an organization closely related to the labor movement in the
United States This assumption proceeds from matters of
feelings of fraternal solidaritytechnical expertise as well as
and was the underlying reason for making the American Institute
for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) the chosen instrument of
AID for this project Another important assumption is that
the governments of the several countries will continue to permit
AIFLD to operate within their jurisdictions and will honor
their international commitments favoring free labor organizations
3 Project Outputs
a Training courses will be given in the various
Latin American countries dealing with fundamental labor union
themes such as labor law and practice social security law and
practice collective bargaining and grievance procedures
parliamentary procedure and public speaking history of the
15
international labor union movement social theory labor union
accounting communications and public relations Such
courses are given at basic intermediate and specialized levels
Special courses are provided for agrarian rural workers
(compesinos) teachers and for members of cooperatives associated
with labor unions
Two hundred graduates of local courses come to the United
States annually for advanced training at the AIFLD center
at Front Royal Virginia Examples of such courses include
Techniques of Organizing
The role of Trade Union Women in Economic Development
Labor Relations amp Collective Bargaining
Collective Bargaining amp Research
Collective Bargaining amp Trade Union Rights
Adjustment to Automation
A specially selected group of 15-20 participants annually US
receives a specialuniversity level curriculum These partshy
icipants are elected or appointed union officials who are
currently at the policy making level This training is conshy
ducted in Spanish in the Washington DC area by professors
from the Consortium of DC area universities The courses
include subjects such as Survey of Basic Economics International
Relations Industrial Sociology Survey of Contemporary Latin
16
America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and
Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political
Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor
Relations in Latin America and individual research projects
AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali
Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists
to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD
provides technical assistance in management of credit unions
and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type
of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances
the prestige and attraction of free labor unions
b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed
in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic
intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services
for their members and organizational units established (education
social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for
local programs
c Important Output Assumptions
1 The ability of union leaders to
negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies
more effective union management based on AIFLD education of
union leadership
17
2 Union members will devote free time at
night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers
will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy
time courses
3 Trained instructors will be available to
conduct education programs
4 Project Inputs
a Kinds of Inputs
US Government
1 Funds for program and administrative
expenses
Logistic support (motor pool furniture2
duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the
country and EmbassyUSAID policy
Other Donors
1 Local logistic support (use of free
classroom space and instructors)
Funds for special project activities2
(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)
AIFLD private funds for special projects3
4 ITS private funds for shared staff and
program costs
5 Local funds for lost-time payments to
somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in
cases
18
US Government
Estimated costs of the program to the US
Government over the project period have been estimated on the
basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by
country and by time period the totals reveal an order of
magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows
1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ
60 52 44 55 14
The largest single element is comprised of
country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy
to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include
advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support
($15)
5 Analyses of Country Matrices
A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each
country regional and sub-regional program The indicators
selected are considered to be significantly better than previous
project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the
project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements
in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience
in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted
in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent
upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions
relative-to labor unions within each country
- 19 -
In examining the objectively verifiable indicators
used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards
goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress
in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of
unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number
and members so covered All eleven include indicators which
would show improvement in the economic position of members
through increased purchasing power of union members improvement
in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In
order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national
level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation
Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public
Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision
Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in
National Decision Making
In summary the currently planned End of Project Status
(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the
following dates
No Countries DATE (FY)
1 78
2 80
2 81
1 87
1 91
1 95 4 97
20
PART III
PROJECT ANALYSIS
A Technical Analysis
This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962
which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in
Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for
the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as
There is no alternate organization in the US which might
replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor
business and government and has developed staff organization
and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out
the Latin American Free Labor Development Program
Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the
carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to
labor education and social development activities throughout
the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other
support activities which have contributed to the existence and
effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of
Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser
The locales are classroomsextent social project development
and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in
only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current
technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program
objectives
21
Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy
country activities in the field will continue generally along
presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis
on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social
projects and a heavy component of participant training
Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program
proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents
(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are
finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the
US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites
Programs also vary in each country from time to time
depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the
part of the host governments and the local labor sector to
US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They
reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor
Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free
Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor
leaders
B bull Financial Analysis and Plan
The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current
year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for
complete details) The largest component of this total consists
of individual country programs which presently total 13
These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program
averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and
- 22 shy
$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate
a permanent in-country office including a resident US
representative The remainder consist of programs primarily
educational seminars and in some cases small social project
programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program
Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses
are in line with other AID contract representatives and could
not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of
allowances required by essentially all US citizens working
abroad
aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of
typical country program could be made only by eliminating the
US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two
reasons
1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its
financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)
which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with
labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country
where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis
to a large number of participants in educational programs who
are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy
ability
2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for
discussions of political matters with the Embassy which
frequently involve the use of classified information
-0 _11
Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a
nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis
However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt
AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in
the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where
designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning
purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that
It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish
that some will drop out but that others will be added so that
the total will remain roughly constant
which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work
to increase the average coat of in-country programs These
include
1 Inflation and
2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams
to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization
rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated
Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)
would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs
hold effects etc) 4444
- + ++ +
MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be
rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4
The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely
Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to
substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng
if + ++ if+ifif if
preussurea boen maintained to increase +
the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi
4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif
and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are
extremely limited in their resources They already contribute
in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM
However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are
reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future
- +
i
umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~
W9Um of tug
aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13
for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8
25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm
to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m
h1thfythgU V
amlo nf UWL mIam
Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000
toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse
toqeutioe sremI the
the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas
alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha
+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite
eeAbleof a mniut smestrat
+ ++++- + ++
- 22D -
Some country programs may drop out but others may be added
or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some
fashion since current staffing levels and administrative
costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated
It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset
the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at
this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response
by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe
the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and
81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time
23
C Social Analaysis
One of the major objectives of the program is to meet
the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life
with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of
economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components
of the labor force In order to realize progress certain
social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the
the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within
the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow
process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program
In many instances trade union organizations provide the
only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation
himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to
an improvement in his social well being The training of
leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly
with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with
small social impact projects provides the means whereby
attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to
the national level
It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity
labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining
economic and social benefits for their members This will be
reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work
and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will
- 24 shy
play in influencing the governments labor legislation and
its economic and social development programs Quantitative
data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained
in the country program matrices (eg membership social
services working conditions public influence governmental
relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases
but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with
any degree of validity
The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working
class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries
the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian
Union Development Services program which not only provides
for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the
development of cooperatives and the health field as well
The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis
participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of
women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal
pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs
During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses
included 16 women students while women students comprised
22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to
further improve this record
-- ---
- 25 -
One of the more important aspects of the program is that
it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a
significant number of low income people an opportunity to
seek improvement in their economic and social condition
through better representation and an opportunity to
participate in decisions affecting their working lives
D Economic Analysis
The nature of the labor develooment program as described
herein involves a mix of political social and economic
considerations and justifications It is difficult to
distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any
particular country at any given time let alone the region
as a whole
From the economic standzoint success in the project will
generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand
signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure
accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r
several of the country matries rcC_r _ns
will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments
but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level
which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable
reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues
payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations
and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the
- 26 shy
program and these too are not reliably reported Additional
amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE
obtained by the unions for their members and others through
collective bargaining but in this case we have the same
problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting
units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion
of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union
leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased
earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the
problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must
be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional
standpoint
- 27 -
PART IV
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements
1 Recipient
The American Institute for Free Labor Development
(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this
project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the
the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to
the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director
directs the development and implementation of programs and has
responsibility for the overall operation of the organization
The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible
directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies
and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the
Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and
monitor these programs on a continuing basis
Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director
in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD
is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity
of the program in country
The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and
administers the educational activities of the Institute and in
particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the
University Program and for providing technical services to the
- 28 shy
various country education programs The Front Royal Institute
provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably
be offered in individual countries The University Labor
Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified
young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university
level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of
labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the
Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links
the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -
Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American
The Department of Social Projects assists in the development
of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives
community projects and where appropriate housing projects
workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing
the importance of making credit available for local labor
organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a
Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this
field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this
nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in
establishing credit programs for workers)
The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of
Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and
Information Services
- 29 -
AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated
in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It
received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that
time it has received continuing support from AID and has
developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it
to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and
presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry
out the program under consideration
2 AID
Management of the project is centered in the Labor
Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and
Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau
of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through
designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches
or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project
The design and implementation of each of the Country programs
is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department
of State
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
7
PART II
A Background
This project is a follow-on effort to a project begun in
1962 From 1962 to FY 1973 labor programs in Latin American
countries were managed and funded by the USAIDs while US
training and AIFLD headquarters support operations were
managed and funded by AIDW
In FY 1973 all free labor development activities in the
region both US and in-country were combined into one
regional project The project is managed and funded by the
LA Bureau but maintains Country Team involvement in project
design analysis monitoring and evaluation
A comprehensive study of United States Labor Programs in
Latin America was conducted in 1975 by consultants Robert
Alexander and Henry Hammond Dr Alexander a university
professor is a recognized authority on Latin American organized
labor Henry Hammond is a retired Foreign Service Officer with
long experience as a Labor Attache in Latin America
The purpose of the study was to examine labor programs in
light of the significant political economic and social changes
which have occurred in Latin America since 1962 the beginning
of the Alliance for Progress The consultantsreport concluded
among other things
8
1 Aid to free trade unions or those aspiring to
be free conforms to the beliefs which hopefully are shared
by the great majority of our fellow citizens and support the
policy of our government These include a democratic
pluralistic society of relative equality of wealth of power of
social status (The United States Government is not alone in
supporting programs among others are the governments of West
Germany Sweden Netherlands and Great Britain as well as the
Soviet Union)
2 In certain Latin American countries problems may
arise in conducting labor programs due to local abuse of
traditional labor law or limitation on the right to strike
bargain collectively etc In such cases the role of AIFLD may
be
a To support those elementz in the labor
movement which under existing conditions are trying to maintain
something approaching a free labor movement or
b To train younger and 1cwer ranking labor
leaders so that when conditions improve they can renew
collective bargaining and the functiooning of trade union
democracy
3 Whether or not a labor program should be
maintained in a country which represses the free trade union
movement has to be the result of a Ualanced assessment of what
is to be gained and what is to be lost given the particular
c~rcumtances
~-~--- With WbtAWet IN~
represents at this tie the best IWutMxt to SZUy tie
AofWUnited ItprinoI~pa 9de
Latin AMexica Ibct aUM
9 Detailed 0escromL
The Latin Ameicn Mteebt LeR vpni
eseially a cnuiat aon -a rtelow baLSof IM m1 eS bestblihedin 142 with th eia ttate ftw rm
by us Labort PrtvaWte Mpts adi MS Vole OVWUSS AS
the present tise k=W Country SUaShesS are optatwu Iamp Is
L4 countries Zn the mS advanced tntiW hSIUU8 a$
traininq 40 perons per cycle an a mLdestia basts hir Le
to seven cycles Per yea at Tronst ToLVa i a speeI
moris is tiatnm 11-20 pet~aup 1wS LeUniversity amo wsimwashtngton through a mnsotim of ft
AZD has been tbe PuLIaPaL OOM Of tedS duttW U5 Pee
funia period and anears WL~y to tesl est at Ieasth
the near ftues The AZP ammil obuggtt sampe 6 f
$56 milon atae fT 103 reagia ftm aM 5ffOLWaU S iamp
173 toa lo ofV$1fliLUwi La 2f4s IS Iss rum~ ow
-n~i~ pc m ba bes bmb m ashy
omisendatUss of OfJaiLi Pa
A- shy
IV
subamlow~aa nal tatilo owbekieoo MgAm=uwAMvqomm4p
is~N Oleeuaas subampims Uw Pt
Mo asM1=0SMall mn 9 0
0w imf awtmLauli aatt
off foam umJAnwLfimiea
NoUw aMwFmpose toam senil
AilimaWaewomm asAhii
304
--4 S
4 ove soialoia n r
5 Increased labor influence on national
Vol Increased membership paric pation jiIn r
attabs of natlon4 labor organixationsp local unions and
a lasS SMmp ons of Goal Achievements Goal aches twl3 depend not only on the direct impact and
ofWtheW prjctipusbu h4940i Uv ls n economic- shy
and poUtal ollmste of each program country It is assumed Men W UaLptinq countries the development of democraticthe
Maittia (udnios) imoreases the probability of a more eSsitabl d1trLbution of wealth and a stronger labor movement AUL eune nore Luesco on the political economic and social
de~epetproe It is further aemmed that such peeiat willMaLU11w untos to operate indepefdently and
eame the 1vegmmets wr Political parties will ffectively wuvs or U6h0it Mo 1e4e Pmt of dementi~a unions nor
News
a minauth et w~ey o e
aiv~ko ~ ~ tk~
12
educational programs to heighten the effectiveness of labor
leadership and administration at all levels Other types of
assistance will include fostering social projects related to
labor organizations (eg credit unions consumer cooperatives
clinics community development etc) Another aspect of this
project is to strengthen communication and collaboration
between the free labor organizations of the various countries
and between them and the principal appropriate international
labor organizations-- the Inter-American Regional Organization
of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (ITS)
as well as the AFL-CIO itself Such associations will complement
other measures to enhance the stature of Latin American labor
organizations and to assist their progress toward free democratic
and responsible unionism
b Conditions Expected at End of Project (Targets)For each participating country
one (or more) national democratic labor confederation that has
competent leadership and adequate staff has an adequate operating
budget is financially self-sufficient provides a series of
services to its affiliates is located in its own national headshy
quarters periodically publishes a newspaper or newsletter is
governed in a democratic manner and is affiliated with and pays
dues to ORIT Targets for each country or sub-regional program
as well as growth in labor union membership income from dues
union financial strength and the number quality and coverage
of collective agreements are specified in the attached country
13
matrices (Annex one (1))
It should be clearly borne in mind however that attempts to measure such quantitative changes are difficult because available country data are often not available or reliable
Further growth may be stopped or even reversed at times because of unforeseen political factors which negate the best efforts of the contractor Therefore the EOPS targets as indicated in the attached country matrices vary considerably and may have to be changed from time to time In certain cases EOPS of longer than five years are indicated in other cases it has proved impossible to identify an EOPS date which appears realistic to all parties including the CT and AIDW Accordingly for overall purposes of the regional Project Paper five year approval of the regional labor program is requested in order to cover all AIFLD programs anticipated to be in operation during
the period FY 1977-1981
Hopefully a significant portion of the in-country activities of the project (eg operation of national training programs and social projects) will have been taken over by LA countries or international labor organizations by the time of final termination of AID funding to this project In some cases this may depend upon an increase in the income and staff of the principal appropriate international labor organizations--the
Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (=TS) so that they could
14
supplement the capacity of the less-developed labor movements
The same could also be said of the relationship between
stronger and weaker labor organizations within each country
Consequently a strengthening of ties (through increased
affiliations and dues contributions) between labor organizations
both nationally and internationally will be an important
condition precedent to the end of the AID-financed project
c Basic Assumptions The basic assumption
concerning design-of this project is that workers in the other
countries of the region can best be helped to achieve the goal
by an organization closely related to the labor movement in the
United States This assumption proceeds from matters of
feelings of fraternal solidaritytechnical expertise as well as
and was the underlying reason for making the American Institute
for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) the chosen instrument of
AID for this project Another important assumption is that
the governments of the several countries will continue to permit
AIFLD to operate within their jurisdictions and will honor
their international commitments favoring free labor organizations
3 Project Outputs
a Training courses will be given in the various
Latin American countries dealing with fundamental labor union
themes such as labor law and practice social security law and
practice collective bargaining and grievance procedures
parliamentary procedure and public speaking history of the
15
international labor union movement social theory labor union
accounting communications and public relations Such
courses are given at basic intermediate and specialized levels
Special courses are provided for agrarian rural workers
(compesinos) teachers and for members of cooperatives associated
with labor unions
Two hundred graduates of local courses come to the United
States annually for advanced training at the AIFLD center
at Front Royal Virginia Examples of such courses include
Techniques of Organizing
The role of Trade Union Women in Economic Development
Labor Relations amp Collective Bargaining
Collective Bargaining amp Research
Collective Bargaining amp Trade Union Rights
Adjustment to Automation
A specially selected group of 15-20 participants annually US
receives a specialuniversity level curriculum These partshy
icipants are elected or appointed union officials who are
currently at the policy making level This training is conshy
ducted in Spanish in the Washington DC area by professors
from the Consortium of DC area universities The courses
include subjects such as Survey of Basic Economics International
Relations Industrial Sociology Survey of Contemporary Latin
16
America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and
Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political
Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor
Relations in Latin America and individual research projects
AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali
Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists
to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD
provides technical assistance in management of credit unions
and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type
of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances
the prestige and attraction of free labor unions
b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed
in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic
intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services
for their members and organizational units established (education
social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for
local programs
c Important Output Assumptions
1 The ability of union leaders to
negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies
more effective union management based on AIFLD education of
union leadership
17
2 Union members will devote free time at
night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers
will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy
time courses
3 Trained instructors will be available to
conduct education programs
4 Project Inputs
a Kinds of Inputs
US Government
1 Funds for program and administrative
expenses
Logistic support (motor pool furniture2
duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the
country and EmbassyUSAID policy
Other Donors
1 Local logistic support (use of free
classroom space and instructors)
Funds for special project activities2
(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)
AIFLD private funds for special projects3
4 ITS private funds for shared staff and
program costs
5 Local funds for lost-time payments to
somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in
cases
18
US Government
Estimated costs of the program to the US
Government over the project period have been estimated on the
basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by
country and by time period the totals reveal an order of
magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows
1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ
60 52 44 55 14
The largest single element is comprised of
country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy
to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include
advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support
($15)
5 Analyses of Country Matrices
A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each
country regional and sub-regional program The indicators
selected are considered to be significantly better than previous
project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the
project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements
in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience
in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted
in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent
upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions
relative-to labor unions within each country
- 19 -
In examining the objectively verifiable indicators
used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards
goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress
in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of
unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number
and members so covered All eleven include indicators which
would show improvement in the economic position of members
through increased purchasing power of union members improvement
in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In
order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national
level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation
Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public
Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision
Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in
National Decision Making
In summary the currently planned End of Project Status
(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the
following dates
No Countries DATE (FY)
1 78
2 80
2 81
1 87
1 91
1 95 4 97
20
PART III
PROJECT ANALYSIS
A Technical Analysis
This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962
which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in
Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for
the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as
There is no alternate organization in the US which might
replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor
business and government and has developed staff organization
and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out
the Latin American Free Labor Development Program
Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the
carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to
labor education and social development activities throughout
the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other
support activities which have contributed to the existence and
effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of
Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser
The locales are classroomsextent social project development
and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in
only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current
technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program
objectives
21
Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy
country activities in the field will continue generally along
presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis
on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social
projects and a heavy component of participant training
Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program
proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents
(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are
finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the
US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites
Programs also vary in each country from time to time
depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the
part of the host governments and the local labor sector to
US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They
reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor
Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free
Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor
leaders
B bull Financial Analysis and Plan
The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current
year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for
complete details) The largest component of this total consists
of individual country programs which presently total 13
These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program
averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and
- 22 shy
$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate
a permanent in-country office including a resident US
representative The remainder consist of programs primarily
educational seminars and in some cases small social project
programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program
Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses
are in line with other AID contract representatives and could
not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of
allowances required by essentially all US citizens working
abroad
aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of
typical country program could be made only by eliminating the
US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two
reasons
1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its
financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)
which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with
labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country
where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis
to a large number of participants in educational programs who
are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy
ability
2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for
discussions of political matters with the Embassy which
frequently involve the use of classified information
-0 _11
Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a
nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis
However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt
AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in
the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where
designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning
purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that
It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish
that some will drop out but that others will be added so that
the total will remain roughly constant
which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work
to increase the average coat of in-country programs These
include
1 Inflation and
2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams
to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization
rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated
Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)
would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs
hold effects etc) 4444
- + ++ +
MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be
rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4
The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely
Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to
substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng
if + ++ if+ifif if
preussurea boen maintained to increase +
the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi
4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif
and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are
extremely limited in their resources They already contribute
in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM
However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are
reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future
- +
i
umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~
W9Um of tug
aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13
for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8
25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm
to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m
h1thfythgU V
amlo nf UWL mIam
Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000
toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse
toqeutioe sremI the
the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas
alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha
+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite
eeAbleof a mniut smestrat
+ ++++- + ++
- 22D -
Some country programs may drop out but others may be added
or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some
fashion since current staffing levels and administrative
costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated
It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset
the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at
this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response
by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe
the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and
81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time
23
C Social Analaysis
One of the major objectives of the program is to meet
the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life
with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of
economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components
of the labor force In order to realize progress certain
social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the
the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within
the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow
process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program
In many instances trade union organizations provide the
only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation
himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to
an improvement in his social well being The training of
leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly
with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with
small social impact projects provides the means whereby
attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to
the national level
It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity
labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining
economic and social benefits for their members This will be
reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work
and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will
- 24 shy
play in influencing the governments labor legislation and
its economic and social development programs Quantitative
data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained
in the country program matrices (eg membership social
services working conditions public influence governmental
relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases
but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with
any degree of validity
The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working
class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries
the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian
Union Development Services program which not only provides
for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the
development of cooperatives and the health field as well
The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis
participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of
women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal
pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs
During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses
included 16 women students while women students comprised
22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to
further improve this record
-- ---
- 25 -
One of the more important aspects of the program is that
it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a
significant number of low income people an opportunity to
seek improvement in their economic and social condition
through better representation and an opportunity to
participate in decisions affecting their working lives
D Economic Analysis
The nature of the labor develooment program as described
herein involves a mix of political social and economic
considerations and justifications It is difficult to
distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any
particular country at any given time let alone the region
as a whole
From the economic standzoint success in the project will
generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand
signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure
accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r
several of the country matries rcC_r _ns
will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments
but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level
which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable
reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues
payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations
and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the
- 26 shy
program and these too are not reliably reported Additional
amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE
obtained by the unions for their members and others through
collective bargaining but in this case we have the same
problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting
units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion
of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union
leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased
earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the
problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must
be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional
standpoint
- 27 -
PART IV
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements
1 Recipient
The American Institute for Free Labor Development
(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this
project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the
the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to
the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director
directs the development and implementation of programs and has
responsibility for the overall operation of the organization
The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible
directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies
and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the
Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and
monitor these programs on a continuing basis
Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director
in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD
is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity
of the program in country
The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and
administers the educational activities of the Institute and in
particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the
University Program and for providing technical services to the
- 28 shy
various country education programs The Front Royal Institute
provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably
be offered in individual countries The University Labor
Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified
young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university
level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of
labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the
Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links
the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -
Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American
The Department of Social Projects assists in the development
of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives
community projects and where appropriate housing projects
workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing
the importance of making credit available for local labor
organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a
Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this
field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this
nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in
establishing credit programs for workers)
The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of
Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and
Information Services
- 29 -
AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated
in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It
received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that
time it has received continuing support from AID and has
developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it
to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and
presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry
out the program under consideration
2 AID
Management of the project is centered in the Labor
Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and
Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau
of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through
designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches
or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project
The design and implementation of each of the Country programs
is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department
of State
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
8
1 Aid to free trade unions or those aspiring to
be free conforms to the beliefs which hopefully are shared
by the great majority of our fellow citizens and support the
policy of our government These include a democratic
pluralistic society of relative equality of wealth of power of
social status (The United States Government is not alone in
supporting programs among others are the governments of West
Germany Sweden Netherlands and Great Britain as well as the
Soviet Union)
2 In certain Latin American countries problems may
arise in conducting labor programs due to local abuse of
traditional labor law or limitation on the right to strike
bargain collectively etc In such cases the role of AIFLD may
be
a To support those elementz in the labor
movement which under existing conditions are trying to maintain
something approaching a free labor movement or
b To train younger and 1cwer ranking labor
leaders so that when conditions improve they can renew
collective bargaining and the functiooning of trade union
democracy
3 Whether or not a labor program should be
maintained in a country which represses the free trade union
movement has to be the result of a Ualanced assessment of what
is to be gained and what is to be lost given the particular
c~rcumtances
~-~--- With WbtAWet IN~
represents at this tie the best IWutMxt to SZUy tie
AofWUnited ItprinoI~pa 9de
Latin AMexica Ibct aUM
9 Detailed 0escromL
The Latin Ameicn Mteebt LeR vpni
eseially a cnuiat aon -a rtelow baLSof IM m1 eS bestblihedin 142 with th eia ttate ftw rm
by us Labort PrtvaWte Mpts adi MS Vole OVWUSS AS
the present tise k=W Country SUaShesS are optatwu Iamp Is
L4 countries Zn the mS advanced tntiW hSIUU8 a$
traininq 40 perons per cycle an a mLdestia basts hir Le
to seven cycles Per yea at Tronst ToLVa i a speeI
moris is tiatnm 11-20 pet~aup 1wS LeUniversity amo wsimwashtngton through a mnsotim of ft
AZD has been tbe PuLIaPaL OOM Of tedS duttW U5 Pee
funia period and anears WL~y to tesl est at Ieasth
the near ftues The AZP ammil obuggtt sampe 6 f
$56 milon atae fT 103 reagia ftm aM 5ffOLWaU S iamp
173 toa lo ofV$1fliLUwi La 2f4s IS Iss rum~ ow
-n~i~ pc m ba bes bmb m ashy
omisendatUss of OfJaiLi Pa
A- shy
IV
subamlow~aa nal tatilo owbekieoo MgAm=uwAMvqomm4p
is~N Oleeuaas subampims Uw Pt
Mo asM1=0SMall mn 9 0
0w imf awtmLauli aatt
off foam umJAnwLfimiea
NoUw aMwFmpose toam senil
AilimaWaewomm asAhii
304
--4 S
4 ove soialoia n r
5 Increased labor influence on national
Vol Increased membership paric pation jiIn r
attabs of natlon4 labor organixationsp local unions and
a lasS SMmp ons of Goal Achievements Goal aches twl3 depend not only on the direct impact and
ofWtheW prjctipusbu h4940i Uv ls n economic- shy
and poUtal ollmste of each program country It is assumed Men W UaLptinq countries the development of democraticthe
Maittia (udnios) imoreases the probability of a more eSsitabl d1trLbution of wealth and a stronger labor movement AUL eune nore Luesco on the political economic and social
de~epetproe It is further aemmed that such peeiat willMaLU11w untos to operate indepefdently and
eame the 1vegmmets wr Political parties will ffectively wuvs or U6h0it Mo 1e4e Pmt of dementi~a unions nor
News
a minauth et w~ey o e
aiv~ko ~ ~ tk~
12
educational programs to heighten the effectiveness of labor
leadership and administration at all levels Other types of
assistance will include fostering social projects related to
labor organizations (eg credit unions consumer cooperatives
clinics community development etc) Another aspect of this
project is to strengthen communication and collaboration
between the free labor organizations of the various countries
and between them and the principal appropriate international
labor organizations-- the Inter-American Regional Organization
of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (ITS)
as well as the AFL-CIO itself Such associations will complement
other measures to enhance the stature of Latin American labor
organizations and to assist their progress toward free democratic
and responsible unionism
b Conditions Expected at End of Project (Targets)For each participating country
one (or more) national democratic labor confederation that has
competent leadership and adequate staff has an adequate operating
budget is financially self-sufficient provides a series of
services to its affiliates is located in its own national headshy
quarters periodically publishes a newspaper or newsletter is
governed in a democratic manner and is affiliated with and pays
dues to ORIT Targets for each country or sub-regional program
as well as growth in labor union membership income from dues
union financial strength and the number quality and coverage
of collective agreements are specified in the attached country
13
matrices (Annex one (1))
It should be clearly borne in mind however that attempts to measure such quantitative changes are difficult because available country data are often not available or reliable
Further growth may be stopped or even reversed at times because of unforeseen political factors which negate the best efforts of the contractor Therefore the EOPS targets as indicated in the attached country matrices vary considerably and may have to be changed from time to time In certain cases EOPS of longer than five years are indicated in other cases it has proved impossible to identify an EOPS date which appears realistic to all parties including the CT and AIDW Accordingly for overall purposes of the regional Project Paper five year approval of the regional labor program is requested in order to cover all AIFLD programs anticipated to be in operation during
the period FY 1977-1981
Hopefully a significant portion of the in-country activities of the project (eg operation of national training programs and social projects) will have been taken over by LA countries or international labor organizations by the time of final termination of AID funding to this project In some cases this may depend upon an increase in the income and staff of the principal appropriate international labor organizations--the
Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (=TS) so that they could
14
supplement the capacity of the less-developed labor movements
The same could also be said of the relationship between
stronger and weaker labor organizations within each country
Consequently a strengthening of ties (through increased
affiliations and dues contributions) between labor organizations
both nationally and internationally will be an important
condition precedent to the end of the AID-financed project
c Basic Assumptions The basic assumption
concerning design-of this project is that workers in the other
countries of the region can best be helped to achieve the goal
by an organization closely related to the labor movement in the
United States This assumption proceeds from matters of
feelings of fraternal solidaritytechnical expertise as well as
and was the underlying reason for making the American Institute
for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) the chosen instrument of
AID for this project Another important assumption is that
the governments of the several countries will continue to permit
AIFLD to operate within their jurisdictions and will honor
their international commitments favoring free labor organizations
3 Project Outputs
a Training courses will be given in the various
Latin American countries dealing with fundamental labor union
themes such as labor law and practice social security law and
practice collective bargaining and grievance procedures
parliamentary procedure and public speaking history of the
15
international labor union movement social theory labor union
accounting communications and public relations Such
courses are given at basic intermediate and specialized levels
Special courses are provided for agrarian rural workers
(compesinos) teachers and for members of cooperatives associated
with labor unions
Two hundred graduates of local courses come to the United
States annually for advanced training at the AIFLD center
at Front Royal Virginia Examples of such courses include
Techniques of Organizing
The role of Trade Union Women in Economic Development
Labor Relations amp Collective Bargaining
Collective Bargaining amp Research
Collective Bargaining amp Trade Union Rights
Adjustment to Automation
A specially selected group of 15-20 participants annually US
receives a specialuniversity level curriculum These partshy
icipants are elected or appointed union officials who are
currently at the policy making level This training is conshy
ducted in Spanish in the Washington DC area by professors
from the Consortium of DC area universities The courses
include subjects such as Survey of Basic Economics International
Relations Industrial Sociology Survey of Contemporary Latin
16
America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and
Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political
Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor
Relations in Latin America and individual research projects
AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali
Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists
to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD
provides technical assistance in management of credit unions
and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type
of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances
the prestige and attraction of free labor unions
b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed
in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic
intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services
for their members and organizational units established (education
social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for
local programs
c Important Output Assumptions
1 The ability of union leaders to
negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies
more effective union management based on AIFLD education of
union leadership
17
2 Union members will devote free time at
night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers
will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy
time courses
3 Trained instructors will be available to
conduct education programs
4 Project Inputs
a Kinds of Inputs
US Government
1 Funds for program and administrative
expenses
Logistic support (motor pool furniture2
duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the
country and EmbassyUSAID policy
Other Donors
1 Local logistic support (use of free
classroom space and instructors)
Funds for special project activities2
(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)
AIFLD private funds for special projects3
4 ITS private funds for shared staff and
program costs
5 Local funds for lost-time payments to
somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in
cases
18
US Government
Estimated costs of the program to the US
Government over the project period have been estimated on the
basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by
country and by time period the totals reveal an order of
magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows
1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ
60 52 44 55 14
The largest single element is comprised of
country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy
to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include
advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support
($15)
5 Analyses of Country Matrices
A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each
country regional and sub-regional program The indicators
selected are considered to be significantly better than previous
project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the
project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements
in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience
in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted
in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent
upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions
relative-to labor unions within each country
- 19 -
In examining the objectively verifiable indicators
used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards
goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress
in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of
unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number
and members so covered All eleven include indicators which
would show improvement in the economic position of members
through increased purchasing power of union members improvement
in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In
order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national
level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation
Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public
Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision
Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in
National Decision Making
In summary the currently planned End of Project Status
(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the
following dates
No Countries DATE (FY)
1 78
2 80
2 81
1 87
1 91
1 95 4 97
20
PART III
PROJECT ANALYSIS
A Technical Analysis
This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962
which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in
Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for
the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as
There is no alternate organization in the US which might
replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor
business and government and has developed staff organization
and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out
the Latin American Free Labor Development Program
Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the
carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to
labor education and social development activities throughout
the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other
support activities which have contributed to the existence and
effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of
Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser
The locales are classroomsextent social project development
and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in
only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current
technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program
objectives
21
Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy
country activities in the field will continue generally along
presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis
on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social
projects and a heavy component of participant training
Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program
proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents
(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are
finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the
US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites
Programs also vary in each country from time to time
depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the
part of the host governments and the local labor sector to
US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They
reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor
Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free
Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor
leaders
B bull Financial Analysis and Plan
The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current
year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for
complete details) The largest component of this total consists
of individual country programs which presently total 13
These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program
averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and
- 22 shy
$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate
a permanent in-country office including a resident US
representative The remainder consist of programs primarily
educational seminars and in some cases small social project
programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program
Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses
are in line with other AID contract representatives and could
not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of
allowances required by essentially all US citizens working
abroad
aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of
typical country program could be made only by eliminating the
US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two
reasons
1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its
financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)
which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with
labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country
where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis
to a large number of participants in educational programs who
are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy
ability
2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for
discussions of political matters with the Embassy which
frequently involve the use of classified information
-0 _11
Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a
nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis
However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt
AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in
the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where
designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning
purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that
It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish
that some will drop out but that others will be added so that
the total will remain roughly constant
which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work
to increase the average coat of in-country programs These
include
1 Inflation and
2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams
to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization
rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated
Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)
would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs
hold effects etc) 4444
- + ++ +
MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be
rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4
The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely
Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to
substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng
if + ++ if+ifif if
preussurea boen maintained to increase +
the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi
4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif
and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are
extremely limited in their resources They already contribute
in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM
However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are
reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future
- +
i
umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~
W9Um of tug
aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13
for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8
25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm
to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m
h1thfythgU V
amlo nf UWL mIam
Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000
toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse
toqeutioe sremI the
the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas
alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha
+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite
eeAbleof a mniut smestrat
+ ++++- + ++
- 22D -
Some country programs may drop out but others may be added
or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some
fashion since current staffing levels and administrative
costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated
It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset
the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at
this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response
by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe
the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and
81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time
23
C Social Analaysis
One of the major objectives of the program is to meet
the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life
with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of
economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components
of the labor force In order to realize progress certain
social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the
the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within
the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow
process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program
In many instances trade union organizations provide the
only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation
himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to
an improvement in his social well being The training of
leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly
with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with
small social impact projects provides the means whereby
attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to
the national level
It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity
labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining
economic and social benefits for their members This will be
reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work
and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will
- 24 shy
play in influencing the governments labor legislation and
its economic and social development programs Quantitative
data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained
in the country program matrices (eg membership social
services working conditions public influence governmental
relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases
but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with
any degree of validity
The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working
class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries
the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian
Union Development Services program which not only provides
for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the
development of cooperatives and the health field as well
The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis
participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of
women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal
pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs
During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses
included 16 women students while women students comprised
22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to
further improve this record
-- ---
- 25 -
One of the more important aspects of the program is that
it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a
significant number of low income people an opportunity to
seek improvement in their economic and social condition
through better representation and an opportunity to
participate in decisions affecting their working lives
D Economic Analysis
The nature of the labor develooment program as described
herein involves a mix of political social and economic
considerations and justifications It is difficult to
distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any
particular country at any given time let alone the region
as a whole
From the economic standzoint success in the project will
generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand
signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure
accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r
several of the country matries rcC_r _ns
will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments
but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level
which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable
reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues
payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations
and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the
- 26 shy
program and these too are not reliably reported Additional
amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE
obtained by the unions for their members and others through
collective bargaining but in this case we have the same
problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting
units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion
of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union
leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased
earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the
problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must
be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional
standpoint
- 27 -
PART IV
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements
1 Recipient
The American Institute for Free Labor Development
(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this
project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the
the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to
the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director
directs the development and implementation of programs and has
responsibility for the overall operation of the organization
The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible
directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies
and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the
Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and
monitor these programs on a continuing basis
Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director
in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD
is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity
of the program in country
The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and
administers the educational activities of the Institute and in
particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the
University Program and for providing technical services to the
- 28 shy
various country education programs The Front Royal Institute
provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably
be offered in individual countries The University Labor
Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified
young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university
level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of
labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the
Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links
the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -
Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American
The Department of Social Projects assists in the development
of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives
community projects and where appropriate housing projects
workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing
the importance of making credit available for local labor
organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a
Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this
field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this
nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in
establishing credit programs for workers)
The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of
Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and
Information Services
- 29 -
AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated
in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It
received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that
time it has received continuing support from AID and has
developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it
to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and
presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry
out the program under consideration
2 AID
Management of the project is centered in the Labor
Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and
Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau
of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through
designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches
or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project
The design and implementation of each of the Country programs
is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department
of State
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
c~rcumtances
~-~--- With WbtAWet IN~
represents at this tie the best IWutMxt to SZUy tie
AofWUnited ItprinoI~pa 9de
Latin AMexica Ibct aUM
9 Detailed 0escromL
The Latin Ameicn Mteebt LeR vpni
eseially a cnuiat aon -a rtelow baLSof IM m1 eS bestblihedin 142 with th eia ttate ftw rm
by us Labort PrtvaWte Mpts adi MS Vole OVWUSS AS
the present tise k=W Country SUaShesS are optatwu Iamp Is
L4 countries Zn the mS advanced tntiW hSIUU8 a$
traininq 40 perons per cycle an a mLdestia basts hir Le
to seven cycles Per yea at Tronst ToLVa i a speeI
moris is tiatnm 11-20 pet~aup 1wS LeUniversity amo wsimwashtngton through a mnsotim of ft
AZD has been tbe PuLIaPaL OOM Of tedS duttW U5 Pee
funia period and anears WL~y to tesl est at Ieasth
the near ftues The AZP ammil obuggtt sampe 6 f
$56 milon atae fT 103 reagia ftm aM 5ffOLWaU S iamp
173 toa lo ofV$1fliLUwi La 2f4s IS Iss rum~ ow
-n~i~ pc m ba bes bmb m ashy
omisendatUss of OfJaiLi Pa
A- shy
IV
subamlow~aa nal tatilo owbekieoo MgAm=uwAMvqomm4p
is~N Oleeuaas subampims Uw Pt
Mo asM1=0SMall mn 9 0
0w imf awtmLauli aatt
off foam umJAnwLfimiea
NoUw aMwFmpose toam senil
AilimaWaewomm asAhii
304
--4 S
4 ove soialoia n r
5 Increased labor influence on national
Vol Increased membership paric pation jiIn r
attabs of natlon4 labor organixationsp local unions and
a lasS SMmp ons of Goal Achievements Goal aches twl3 depend not only on the direct impact and
ofWtheW prjctipusbu h4940i Uv ls n economic- shy
and poUtal ollmste of each program country It is assumed Men W UaLptinq countries the development of democraticthe
Maittia (udnios) imoreases the probability of a more eSsitabl d1trLbution of wealth and a stronger labor movement AUL eune nore Luesco on the political economic and social
de~epetproe It is further aemmed that such peeiat willMaLU11w untos to operate indepefdently and
eame the 1vegmmets wr Political parties will ffectively wuvs or U6h0it Mo 1e4e Pmt of dementi~a unions nor
News
a minauth et w~ey o e
aiv~ko ~ ~ tk~
12
educational programs to heighten the effectiveness of labor
leadership and administration at all levels Other types of
assistance will include fostering social projects related to
labor organizations (eg credit unions consumer cooperatives
clinics community development etc) Another aspect of this
project is to strengthen communication and collaboration
between the free labor organizations of the various countries
and between them and the principal appropriate international
labor organizations-- the Inter-American Regional Organization
of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (ITS)
as well as the AFL-CIO itself Such associations will complement
other measures to enhance the stature of Latin American labor
organizations and to assist their progress toward free democratic
and responsible unionism
b Conditions Expected at End of Project (Targets)For each participating country
one (or more) national democratic labor confederation that has
competent leadership and adequate staff has an adequate operating
budget is financially self-sufficient provides a series of
services to its affiliates is located in its own national headshy
quarters periodically publishes a newspaper or newsletter is
governed in a democratic manner and is affiliated with and pays
dues to ORIT Targets for each country or sub-regional program
as well as growth in labor union membership income from dues
union financial strength and the number quality and coverage
of collective agreements are specified in the attached country
13
matrices (Annex one (1))
It should be clearly borne in mind however that attempts to measure such quantitative changes are difficult because available country data are often not available or reliable
Further growth may be stopped or even reversed at times because of unforeseen political factors which negate the best efforts of the contractor Therefore the EOPS targets as indicated in the attached country matrices vary considerably and may have to be changed from time to time In certain cases EOPS of longer than five years are indicated in other cases it has proved impossible to identify an EOPS date which appears realistic to all parties including the CT and AIDW Accordingly for overall purposes of the regional Project Paper five year approval of the regional labor program is requested in order to cover all AIFLD programs anticipated to be in operation during
the period FY 1977-1981
Hopefully a significant portion of the in-country activities of the project (eg operation of national training programs and social projects) will have been taken over by LA countries or international labor organizations by the time of final termination of AID funding to this project In some cases this may depend upon an increase in the income and staff of the principal appropriate international labor organizations--the
Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (=TS) so that they could
14
supplement the capacity of the less-developed labor movements
The same could also be said of the relationship between
stronger and weaker labor organizations within each country
Consequently a strengthening of ties (through increased
affiliations and dues contributions) between labor organizations
both nationally and internationally will be an important
condition precedent to the end of the AID-financed project
c Basic Assumptions The basic assumption
concerning design-of this project is that workers in the other
countries of the region can best be helped to achieve the goal
by an organization closely related to the labor movement in the
United States This assumption proceeds from matters of
feelings of fraternal solidaritytechnical expertise as well as
and was the underlying reason for making the American Institute
for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) the chosen instrument of
AID for this project Another important assumption is that
the governments of the several countries will continue to permit
AIFLD to operate within their jurisdictions and will honor
their international commitments favoring free labor organizations
3 Project Outputs
a Training courses will be given in the various
Latin American countries dealing with fundamental labor union
themes such as labor law and practice social security law and
practice collective bargaining and grievance procedures
parliamentary procedure and public speaking history of the
15
international labor union movement social theory labor union
accounting communications and public relations Such
courses are given at basic intermediate and specialized levels
Special courses are provided for agrarian rural workers
(compesinos) teachers and for members of cooperatives associated
with labor unions
Two hundred graduates of local courses come to the United
States annually for advanced training at the AIFLD center
at Front Royal Virginia Examples of such courses include
Techniques of Organizing
The role of Trade Union Women in Economic Development
Labor Relations amp Collective Bargaining
Collective Bargaining amp Research
Collective Bargaining amp Trade Union Rights
Adjustment to Automation
A specially selected group of 15-20 participants annually US
receives a specialuniversity level curriculum These partshy
icipants are elected or appointed union officials who are
currently at the policy making level This training is conshy
ducted in Spanish in the Washington DC area by professors
from the Consortium of DC area universities The courses
include subjects such as Survey of Basic Economics International
Relations Industrial Sociology Survey of Contemporary Latin
16
America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and
Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political
Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor
Relations in Latin America and individual research projects
AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali
Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists
to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD
provides technical assistance in management of credit unions
and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type
of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances
the prestige and attraction of free labor unions
b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed
in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic
intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services
for their members and organizational units established (education
social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for
local programs
c Important Output Assumptions
1 The ability of union leaders to
negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies
more effective union management based on AIFLD education of
union leadership
17
2 Union members will devote free time at
night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers
will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy
time courses
3 Trained instructors will be available to
conduct education programs
4 Project Inputs
a Kinds of Inputs
US Government
1 Funds for program and administrative
expenses
Logistic support (motor pool furniture2
duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the
country and EmbassyUSAID policy
Other Donors
1 Local logistic support (use of free
classroom space and instructors)
Funds for special project activities2
(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)
AIFLD private funds for special projects3
4 ITS private funds for shared staff and
program costs
5 Local funds for lost-time payments to
somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in
cases
18
US Government
Estimated costs of the program to the US
Government over the project period have been estimated on the
basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by
country and by time period the totals reveal an order of
magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows
1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ
60 52 44 55 14
The largest single element is comprised of
country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy
to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include
advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support
($15)
5 Analyses of Country Matrices
A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each
country regional and sub-regional program The indicators
selected are considered to be significantly better than previous
project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the
project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements
in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience
in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted
in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent
upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions
relative-to labor unions within each country
- 19 -
In examining the objectively verifiable indicators
used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards
goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress
in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of
unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number
and members so covered All eleven include indicators which
would show improvement in the economic position of members
through increased purchasing power of union members improvement
in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In
order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national
level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation
Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public
Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision
Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in
National Decision Making
In summary the currently planned End of Project Status
(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the
following dates
No Countries DATE (FY)
1 78
2 80
2 81
1 87
1 91
1 95 4 97
20
PART III
PROJECT ANALYSIS
A Technical Analysis
This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962
which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in
Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for
the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as
There is no alternate organization in the US which might
replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor
business and government and has developed staff organization
and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out
the Latin American Free Labor Development Program
Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the
carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to
labor education and social development activities throughout
the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other
support activities which have contributed to the existence and
effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of
Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser
The locales are classroomsextent social project development
and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in
only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current
technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program
objectives
21
Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy
country activities in the field will continue generally along
presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis
on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social
projects and a heavy component of participant training
Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program
proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents
(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are
finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the
US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites
Programs also vary in each country from time to time
depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the
part of the host governments and the local labor sector to
US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They
reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor
Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free
Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor
leaders
B bull Financial Analysis and Plan
The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current
year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for
complete details) The largest component of this total consists
of individual country programs which presently total 13
These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program
averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and
- 22 shy
$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate
a permanent in-country office including a resident US
representative The remainder consist of programs primarily
educational seminars and in some cases small social project
programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program
Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses
are in line with other AID contract representatives and could
not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of
allowances required by essentially all US citizens working
abroad
aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of
typical country program could be made only by eliminating the
US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two
reasons
1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its
financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)
which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with
labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country
where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis
to a large number of participants in educational programs who
are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy
ability
2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for
discussions of political matters with the Embassy which
frequently involve the use of classified information
-0 _11
Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a
nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis
However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt
AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in
the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where
designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning
purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that
It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish
that some will drop out but that others will be added so that
the total will remain roughly constant
which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work
to increase the average coat of in-country programs These
include
1 Inflation and
2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams
to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization
rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated
Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)
would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs
hold effects etc) 4444
- + ++ +
MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be
rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4
The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely
Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to
substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng
if + ++ if+ifif if
preussurea boen maintained to increase +
the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi
4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif
and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are
extremely limited in their resources They already contribute
in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM
However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are
reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future
- +
i
umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~
W9Um of tug
aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13
for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8
25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm
to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m
h1thfythgU V
amlo nf UWL mIam
Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000
toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse
toqeutioe sremI the
the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas
alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha
+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite
eeAbleof a mniut smestrat
+ ++++- + ++
- 22D -
Some country programs may drop out but others may be added
or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some
fashion since current staffing levels and administrative
costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated
It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset
the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at
this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response
by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe
the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and
81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time
23
C Social Analaysis
One of the major objectives of the program is to meet
the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life
with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of
economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components
of the labor force In order to realize progress certain
social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the
the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within
the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow
process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program
In many instances trade union organizations provide the
only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation
himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to
an improvement in his social well being The training of
leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly
with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with
small social impact projects provides the means whereby
attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to
the national level
It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity
labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining
economic and social benefits for their members This will be
reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work
and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will
- 24 shy
play in influencing the governments labor legislation and
its economic and social development programs Quantitative
data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained
in the country program matrices (eg membership social
services working conditions public influence governmental
relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases
but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with
any degree of validity
The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working
class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries
the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian
Union Development Services program which not only provides
for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the
development of cooperatives and the health field as well
The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis
participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of
women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal
pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs
During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses
included 16 women students while women students comprised
22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to
further improve this record
-- ---
- 25 -
One of the more important aspects of the program is that
it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a
significant number of low income people an opportunity to
seek improvement in their economic and social condition
through better representation and an opportunity to
participate in decisions affecting their working lives
D Economic Analysis
The nature of the labor develooment program as described
herein involves a mix of political social and economic
considerations and justifications It is difficult to
distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any
particular country at any given time let alone the region
as a whole
From the economic standzoint success in the project will
generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand
signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure
accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r
several of the country matries rcC_r _ns
will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments
but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level
which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable
reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues
payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations
and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the
- 26 shy
program and these too are not reliably reported Additional
amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE
obtained by the unions for their members and others through
collective bargaining but in this case we have the same
problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting
units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion
of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union
leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased
earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the
problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must
be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional
standpoint
- 27 -
PART IV
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements
1 Recipient
The American Institute for Free Labor Development
(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this
project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the
the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to
the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director
directs the development and implementation of programs and has
responsibility for the overall operation of the organization
The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible
directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies
and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the
Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and
monitor these programs on a continuing basis
Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director
in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD
is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity
of the program in country
The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and
administers the educational activities of the Institute and in
particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the
University Program and for providing technical services to the
- 28 shy
various country education programs The Front Royal Institute
provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably
be offered in individual countries The University Labor
Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified
young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university
level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of
labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the
Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links
the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -
Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American
The Department of Social Projects assists in the development
of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives
community projects and where appropriate housing projects
workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing
the importance of making credit available for local labor
organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a
Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this
field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this
nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in
establishing credit programs for workers)
The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of
Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and
Information Services
- 29 -
AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated
in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It
received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that
time it has received continuing support from AID and has
developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it
to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and
presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry
out the program under consideration
2 AID
Management of the project is centered in the Labor
Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and
Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau
of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through
designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches
or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project
The design and implementation of each of the Country programs
is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department
of State
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
subamlow~aa nal tatilo owbekieoo MgAm=uwAMvqomm4p
is~N Oleeuaas subampims Uw Pt
Mo asM1=0SMall mn 9 0
0w imf awtmLauli aatt
off foam umJAnwLfimiea
NoUw aMwFmpose toam senil
AilimaWaewomm asAhii
304
--4 S
4 ove soialoia n r
5 Increased labor influence on national
Vol Increased membership paric pation jiIn r
attabs of natlon4 labor organixationsp local unions and
a lasS SMmp ons of Goal Achievements Goal aches twl3 depend not only on the direct impact and
ofWtheW prjctipusbu h4940i Uv ls n economic- shy
and poUtal ollmste of each program country It is assumed Men W UaLptinq countries the development of democraticthe
Maittia (udnios) imoreases the probability of a more eSsitabl d1trLbution of wealth and a stronger labor movement AUL eune nore Luesco on the political economic and social
de~epetproe It is further aemmed that such peeiat willMaLU11w untos to operate indepefdently and
eame the 1vegmmets wr Political parties will ffectively wuvs or U6h0it Mo 1e4e Pmt of dementi~a unions nor
News
a minauth et w~ey o e
aiv~ko ~ ~ tk~
12
educational programs to heighten the effectiveness of labor
leadership and administration at all levels Other types of
assistance will include fostering social projects related to
labor organizations (eg credit unions consumer cooperatives
clinics community development etc) Another aspect of this
project is to strengthen communication and collaboration
between the free labor organizations of the various countries
and between them and the principal appropriate international
labor organizations-- the Inter-American Regional Organization
of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (ITS)
as well as the AFL-CIO itself Such associations will complement
other measures to enhance the stature of Latin American labor
organizations and to assist their progress toward free democratic
and responsible unionism
b Conditions Expected at End of Project (Targets)For each participating country
one (or more) national democratic labor confederation that has
competent leadership and adequate staff has an adequate operating
budget is financially self-sufficient provides a series of
services to its affiliates is located in its own national headshy
quarters periodically publishes a newspaper or newsletter is
governed in a democratic manner and is affiliated with and pays
dues to ORIT Targets for each country or sub-regional program
as well as growth in labor union membership income from dues
union financial strength and the number quality and coverage
of collective agreements are specified in the attached country
13
matrices (Annex one (1))
It should be clearly borne in mind however that attempts to measure such quantitative changes are difficult because available country data are often not available or reliable
Further growth may be stopped or even reversed at times because of unforeseen political factors which negate the best efforts of the contractor Therefore the EOPS targets as indicated in the attached country matrices vary considerably and may have to be changed from time to time In certain cases EOPS of longer than five years are indicated in other cases it has proved impossible to identify an EOPS date which appears realistic to all parties including the CT and AIDW Accordingly for overall purposes of the regional Project Paper five year approval of the regional labor program is requested in order to cover all AIFLD programs anticipated to be in operation during
the period FY 1977-1981
Hopefully a significant portion of the in-country activities of the project (eg operation of national training programs and social projects) will have been taken over by LA countries or international labor organizations by the time of final termination of AID funding to this project In some cases this may depend upon an increase in the income and staff of the principal appropriate international labor organizations--the
Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (=TS) so that they could
14
supplement the capacity of the less-developed labor movements
The same could also be said of the relationship between
stronger and weaker labor organizations within each country
Consequently a strengthening of ties (through increased
affiliations and dues contributions) between labor organizations
both nationally and internationally will be an important
condition precedent to the end of the AID-financed project
c Basic Assumptions The basic assumption
concerning design-of this project is that workers in the other
countries of the region can best be helped to achieve the goal
by an organization closely related to the labor movement in the
United States This assumption proceeds from matters of
feelings of fraternal solidaritytechnical expertise as well as
and was the underlying reason for making the American Institute
for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) the chosen instrument of
AID for this project Another important assumption is that
the governments of the several countries will continue to permit
AIFLD to operate within their jurisdictions and will honor
their international commitments favoring free labor organizations
3 Project Outputs
a Training courses will be given in the various
Latin American countries dealing with fundamental labor union
themes such as labor law and practice social security law and
practice collective bargaining and grievance procedures
parliamentary procedure and public speaking history of the
15
international labor union movement social theory labor union
accounting communications and public relations Such
courses are given at basic intermediate and specialized levels
Special courses are provided for agrarian rural workers
(compesinos) teachers and for members of cooperatives associated
with labor unions
Two hundred graduates of local courses come to the United
States annually for advanced training at the AIFLD center
at Front Royal Virginia Examples of such courses include
Techniques of Organizing
The role of Trade Union Women in Economic Development
Labor Relations amp Collective Bargaining
Collective Bargaining amp Research
Collective Bargaining amp Trade Union Rights
Adjustment to Automation
A specially selected group of 15-20 participants annually US
receives a specialuniversity level curriculum These partshy
icipants are elected or appointed union officials who are
currently at the policy making level This training is conshy
ducted in Spanish in the Washington DC area by professors
from the Consortium of DC area universities The courses
include subjects such as Survey of Basic Economics International
Relations Industrial Sociology Survey of Contemporary Latin
16
America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and
Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political
Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor
Relations in Latin America and individual research projects
AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali
Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists
to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD
provides technical assistance in management of credit unions
and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type
of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances
the prestige and attraction of free labor unions
b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed
in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic
intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services
for their members and organizational units established (education
social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for
local programs
c Important Output Assumptions
1 The ability of union leaders to
negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies
more effective union management based on AIFLD education of
union leadership
17
2 Union members will devote free time at
night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers
will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy
time courses
3 Trained instructors will be available to
conduct education programs
4 Project Inputs
a Kinds of Inputs
US Government
1 Funds for program and administrative
expenses
Logistic support (motor pool furniture2
duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the
country and EmbassyUSAID policy
Other Donors
1 Local logistic support (use of free
classroom space and instructors)
Funds for special project activities2
(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)
AIFLD private funds for special projects3
4 ITS private funds for shared staff and
program costs
5 Local funds for lost-time payments to
somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in
cases
18
US Government
Estimated costs of the program to the US
Government over the project period have been estimated on the
basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by
country and by time period the totals reveal an order of
magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows
1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ
60 52 44 55 14
The largest single element is comprised of
country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy
to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include
advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support
($15)
5 Analyses of Country Matrices
A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each
country regional and sub-regional program The indicators
selected are considered to be significantly better than previous
project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the
project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements
in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience
in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted
in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent
upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions
relative-to labor unions within each country
- 19 -
In examining the objectively verifiable indicators
used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards
goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress
in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of
unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number
and members so covered All eleven include indicators which
would show improvement in the economic position of members
through increased purchasing power of union members improvement
in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In
order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national
level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation
Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public
Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision
Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in
National Decision Making
In summary the currently planned End of Project Status
(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the
following dates
No Countries DATE (FY)
1 78
2 80
2 81
1 87
1 91
1 95 4 97
20
PART III
PROJECT ANALYSIS
A Technical Analysis
This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962
which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in
Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for
the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as
There is no alternate organization in the US which might
replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor
business and government and has developed staff organization
and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out
the Latin American Free Labor Development Program
Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the
carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to
labor education and social development activities throughout
the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other
support activities which have contributed to the existence and
effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of
Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser
The locales are classroomsextent social project development
and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in
only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current
technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program
objectives
21
Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy
country activities in the field will continue generally along
presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis
on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social
projects and a heavy component of participant training
Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program
proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents
(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are
finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the
US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites
Programs also vary in each country from time to time
depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the
part of the host governments and the local labor sector to
US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They
reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor
Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free
Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor
leaders
B bull Financial Analysis and Plan
The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current
year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for
complete details) The largest component of this total consists
of individual country programs which presently total 13
These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program
averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and
- 22 shy
$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate
a permanent in-country office including a resident US
representative The remainder consist of programs primarily
educational seminars and in some cases small social project
programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program
Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses
are in line with other AID contract representatives and could
not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of
allowances required by essentially all US citizens working
abroad
aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of
typical country program could be made only by eliminating the
US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two
reasons
1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its
financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)
which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with
labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country
where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis
to a large number of participants in educational programs who
are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy
ability
2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for
discussions of political matters with the Embassy which
frequently involve the use of classified information
-0 _11
Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a
nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis
However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt
AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in
the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where
designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning
purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that
It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish
that some will drop out but that others will be added so that
the total will remain roughly constant
which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work
to increase the average coat of in-country programs These
include
1 Inflation and
2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams
to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization
rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated
Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)
would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs
hold effects etc) 4444
- + ++ +
MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be
rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4
The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely
Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to
substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng
if + ++ if+ifif if
preussurea boen maintained to increase +
the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi
4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif
and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are
extremely limited in their resources They already contribute
in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM
However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are
reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future
- +
i
umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~
W9Um of tug
aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13
for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8
25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm
to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m
h1thfythgU V
amlo nf UWL mIam
Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000
toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse
toqeutioe sremI the
the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas
alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha
+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite
eeAbleof a mniut smestrat
+ ++++- + ++
- 22D -
Some country programs may drop out but others may be added
or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some
fashion since current staffing levels and administrative
costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated
It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset
the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at
this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response
by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe
the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and
81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time
23
C Social Analaysis
One of the major objectives of the program is to meet
the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life
with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of
economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components
of the labor force In order to realize progress certain
social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the
the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within
the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow
process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program
In many instances trade union organizations provide the
only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation
himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to
an improvement in his social well being The training of
leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly
with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with
small social impact projects provides the means whereby
attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to
the national level
It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity
labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining
economic and social benefits for their members This will be
reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work
and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will
- 24 shy
play in influencing the governments labor legislation and
its economic and social development programs Quantitative
data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained
in the country program matrices (eg membership social
services working conditions public influence governmental
relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases
but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with
any degree of validity
The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working
class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries
the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian
Union Development Services program which not only provides
for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the
development of cooperatives and the health field as well
The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis
participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of
women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal
pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs
During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses
included 16 women students while women students comprised
22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to
further improve this record
-- ---
- 25 -
One of the more important aspects of the program is that
it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a
significant number of low income people an opportunity to
seek improvement in their economic and social condition
through better representation and an opportunity to
participate in decisions affecting their working lives
D Economic Analysis
The nature of the labor develooment program as described
herein involves a mix of political social and economic
considerations and justifications It is difficult to
distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any
particular country at any given time let alone the region
as a whole
From the economic standzoint success in the project will
generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand
signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure
accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r
several of the country matries rcC_r _ns
will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments
but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level
which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable
reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues
payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations
and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the
- 26 shy
program and these too are not reliably reported Additional
amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE
obtained by the unions for their members and others through
collective bargaining but in this case we have the same
problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting
units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion
of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union
leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased
earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the
problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must
be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional
standpoint
- 27 -
PART IV
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements
1 Recipient
The American Institute for Free Labor Development
(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this
project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the
the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to
the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director
directs the development and implementation of programs and has
responsibility for the overall operation of the organization
The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible
directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies
and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the
Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and
monitor these programs on a continuing basis
Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director
in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD
is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity
of the program in country
The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and
administers the educational activities of the Institute and in
particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the
University Program and for providing technical services to the
- 28 shy
various country education programs The Front Royal Institute
provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably
be offered in individual countries The University Labor
Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified
young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university
level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of
labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the
Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links
the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -
Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American
The Department of Social Projects assists in the development
of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives
community projects and where appropriate housing projects
workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing
the importance of making credit available for local labor
organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a
Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this
field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this
nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in
establishing credit programs for workers)
The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of
Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and
Information Services
- 29 -
AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated
in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It
received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that
time it has received continuing support from AID and has
developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it
to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and
presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry
out the program under consideration
2 AID
Management of the project is centered in the Labor
Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and
Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau
of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through
designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches
or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project
The design and implementation of each of the Country programs
is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department
of State
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
--4 S
4 ove soialoia n r
5 Increased labor influence on national
Vol Increased membership paric pation jiIn r
attabs of natlon4 labor organixationsp local unions and
a lasS SMmp ons of Goal Achievements Goal aches twl3 depend not only on the direct impact and
ofWtheW prjctipusbu h4940i Uv ls n economic- shy
and poUtal ollmste of each program country It is assumed Men W UaLptinq countries the development of democraticthe
Maittia (udnios) imoreases the probability of a more eSsitabl d1trLbution of wealth and a stronger labor movement AUL eune nore Luesco on the political economic and social
de~epetproe It is further aemmed that such peeiat willMaLU11w untos to operate indepefdently and
eame the 1vegmmets wr Political parties will ffectively wuvs or U6h0it Mo 1e4e Pmt of dementi~a unions nor
News
a minauth et w~ey o e
aiv~ko ~ ~ tk~
12
educational programs to heighten the effectiveness of labor
leadership and administration at all levels Other types of
assistance will include fostering social projects related to
labor organizations (eg credit unions consumer cooperatives
clinics community development etc) Another aspect of this
project is to strengthen communication and collaboration
between the free labor organizations of the various countries
and between them and the principal appropriate international
labor organizations-- the Inter-American Regional Organization
of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (ITS)
as well as the AFL-CIO itself Such associations will complement
other measures to enhance the stature of Latin American labor
organizations and to assist their progress toward free democratic
and responsible unionism
b Conditions Expected at End of Project (Targets)For each participating country
one (or more) national democratic labor confederation that has
competent leadership and adequate staff has an adequate operating
budget is financially self-sufficient provides a series of
services to its affiliates is located in its own national headshy
quarters periodically publishes a newspaper or newsletter is
governed in a democratic manner and is affiliated with and pays
dues to ORIT Targets for each country or sub-regional program
as well as growth in labor union membership income from dues
union financial strength and the number quality and coverage
of collective agreements are specified in the attached country
13
matrices (Annex one (1))
It should be clearly borne in mind however that attempts to measure such quantitative changes are difficult because available country data are often not available or reliable
Further growth may be stopped or even reversed at times because of unforeseen political factors which negate the best efforts of the contractor Therefore the EOPS targets as indicated in the attached country matrices vary considerably and may have to be changed from time to time In certain cases EOPS of longer than five years are indicated in other cases it has proved impossible to identify an EOPS date which appears realistic to all parties including the CT and AIDW Accordingly for overall purposes of the regional Project Paper five year approval of the regional labor program is requested in order to cover all AIFLD programs anticipated to be in operation during
the period FY 1977-1981
Hopefully a significant portion of the in-country activities of the project (eg operation of national training programs and social projects) will have been taken over by LA countries or international labor organizations by the time of final termination of AID funding to this project In some cases this may depend upon an increase in the income and staff of the principal appropriate international labor organizations--the
Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (=TS) so that they could
14
supplement the capacity of the less-developed labor movements
The same could also be said of the relationship between
stronger and weaker labor organizations within each country
Consequently a strengthening of ties (through increased
affiliations and dues contributions) between labor organizations
both nationally and internationally will be an important
condition precedent to the end of the AID-financed project
c Basic Assumptions The basic assumption
concerning design-of this project is that workers in the other
countries of the region can best be helped to achieve the goal
by an organization closely related to the labor movement in the
United States This assumption proceeds from matters of
feelings of fraternal solidaritytechnical expertise as well as
and was the underlying reason for making the American Institute
for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) the chosen instrument of
AID for this project Another important assumption is that
the governments of the several countries will continue to permit
AIFLD to operate within their jurisdictions and will honor
their international commitments favoring free labor organizations
3 Project Outputs
a Training courses will be given in the various
Latin American countries dealing with fundamental labor union
themes such as labor law and practice social security law and
practice collective bargaining and grievance procedures
parliamentary procedure and public speaking history of the
15
international labor union movement social theory labor union
accounting communications and public relations Such
courses are given at basic intermediate and specialized levels
Special courses are provided for agrarian rural workers
(compesinos) teachers and for members of cooperatives associated
with labor unions
Two hundred graduates of local courses come to the United
States annually for advanced training at the AIFLD center
at Front Royal Virginia Examples of such courses include
Techniques of Organizing
The role of Trade Union Women in Economic Development
Labor Relations amp Collective Bargaining
Collective Bargaining amp Research
Collective Bargaining amp Trade Union Rights
Adjustment to Automation
A specially selected group of 15-20 participants annually US
receives a specialuniversity level curriculum These partshy
icipants are elected or appointed union officials who are
currently at the policy making level This training is conshy
ducted in Spanish in the Washington DC area by professors
from the Consortium of DC area universities The courses
include subjects such as Survey of Basic Economics International
Relations Industrial Sociology Survey of Contemporary Latin
16
America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and
Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political
Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor
Relations in Latin America and individual research projects
AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali
Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists
to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD
provides technical assistance in management of credit unions
and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type
of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances
the prestige and attraction of free labor unions
b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed
in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic
intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services
for their members and organizational units established (education
social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for
local programs
c Important Output Assumptions
1 The ability of union leaders to
negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies
more effective union management based on AIFLD education of
union leadership
17
2 Union members will devote free time at
night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers
will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy
time courses
3 Trained instructors will be available to
conduct education programs
4 Project Inputs
a Kinds of Inputs
US Government
1 Funds for program and administrative
expenses
Logistic support (motor pool furniture2
duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the
country and EmbassyUSAID policy
Other Donors
1 Local logistic support (use of free
classroom space and instructors)
Funds for special project activities2
(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)
AIFLD private funds for special projects3
4 ITS private funds for shared staff and
program costs
5 Local funds for lost-time payments to
somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in
cases
18
US Government
Estimated costs of the program to the US
Government over the project period have been estimated on the
basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by
country and by time period the totals reveal an order of
magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows
1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ
60 52 44 55 14
The largest single element is comprised of
country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy
to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include
advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support
($15)
5 Analyses of Country Matrices
A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each
country regional and sub-regional program The indicators
selected are considered to be significantly better than previous
project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the
project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements
in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience
in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted
in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent
upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions
relative-to labor unions within each country
- 19 -
In examining the objectively verifiable indicators
used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards
goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress
in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of
unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number
and members so covered All eleven include indicators which
would show improvement in the economic position of members
through increased purchasing power of union members improvement
in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In
order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national
level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation
Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public
Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision
Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in
National Decision Making
In summary the currently planned End of Project Status
(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the
following dates
No Countries DATE (FY)
1 78
2 80
2 81
1 87
1 91
1 95 4 97
20
PART III
PROJECT ANALYSIS
A Technical Analysis
This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962
which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in
Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for
the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as
There is no alternate organization in the US which might
replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor
business and government and has developed staff organization
and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out
the Latin American Free Labor Development Program
Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the
carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to
labor education and social development activities throughout
the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other
support activities which have contributed to the existence and
effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of
Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser
The locales are classroomsextent social project development
and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in
only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current
technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program
objectives
21
Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy
country activities in the field will continue generally along
presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis
on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social
projects and a heavy component of participant training
Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program
proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents
(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are
finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the
US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites
Programs also vary in each country from time to time
depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the
part of the host governments and the local labor sector to
US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They
reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor
Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free
Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor
leaders
B bull Financial Analysis and Plan
The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current
year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for
complete details) The largest component of this total consists
of individual country programs which presently total 13
These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program
averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and
- 22 shy
$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate
a permanent in-country office including a resident US
representative The remainder consist of programs primarily
educational seminars and in some cases small social project
programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program
Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses
are in line with other AID contract representatives and could
not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of
allowances required by essentially all US citizens working
abroad
aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of
typical country program could be made only by eliminating the
US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two
reasons
1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its
financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)
which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with
labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country
where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis
to a large number of participants in educational programs who
are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy
ability
2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for
discussions of political matters with the Embassy which
frequently involve the use of classified information
-0 _11
Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a
nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis
However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt
AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in
the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where
designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning
purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that
It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish
that some will drop out but that others will be added so that
the total will remain roughly constant
which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work
to increase the average coat of in-country programs These
include
1 Inflation and
2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams
to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization
rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated
Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)
would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs
hold effects etc) 4444
- + ++ +
MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be
rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4
The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely
Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to
substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng
if + ++ if+ifif if
preussurea boen maintained to increase +
the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi
4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif
and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are
extremely limited in their resources They already contribute
in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM
However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are
reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future
- +
i
umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~
W9Um of tug
aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13
for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8
25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm
to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m
h1thfythgU V
amlo nf UWL mIam
Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000
toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse
toqeutioe sremI the
the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas
alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha
+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite
eeAbleof a mniut smestrat
+ ++++- + ++
- 22D -
Some country programs may drop out but others may be added
or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some
fashion since current staffing levels and administrative
costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated
It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset
the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at
this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response
by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe
the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and
81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time
23
C Social Analaysis
One of the major objectives of the program is to meet
the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life
with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of
economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components
of the labor force In order to realize progress certain
social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the
the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within
the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow
process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program
In many instances trade union organizations provide the
only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation
himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to
an improvement in his social well being The training of
leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly
with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with
small social impact projects provides the means whereby
attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to
the national level
It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity
labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining
economic and social benefits for their members This will be
reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work
and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will
- 24 shy
play in influencing the governments labor legislation and
its economic and social development programs Quantitative
data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained
in the country program matrices (eg membership social
services working conditions public influence governmental
relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases
but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with
any degree of validity
The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working
class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries
the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian
Union Development Services program which not only provides
for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the
development of cooperatives and the health field as well
The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis
participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of
women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal
pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs
During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses
included 16 women students while women students comprised
22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to
further improve this record
-- ---
- 25 -
One of the more important aspects of the program is that
it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a
significant number of low income people an opportunity to
seek improvement in their economic and social condition
through better representation and an opportunity to
participate in decisions affecting their working lives
D Economic Analysis
The nature of the labor develooment program as described
herein involves a mix of political social and economic
considerations and justifications It is difficult to
distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any
particular country at any given time let alone the region
as a whole
From the economic standzoint success in the project will
generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand
signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure
accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r
several of the country matries rcC_r _ns
will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments
but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level
which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable
reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues
payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations
and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the
- 26 shy
program and these too are not reliably reported Additional
amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE
obtained by the unions for their members and others through
collective bargaining but in this case we have the same
problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting
units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion
of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union
leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased
earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the
problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must
be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional
standpoint
- 27 -
PART IV
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements
1 Recipient
The American Institute for Free Labor Development
(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this
project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the
the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to
the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director
directs the development and implementation of programs and has
responsibility for the overall operation of the organization
The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible
directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies
and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the
Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and
monitor these programs on a continuing basis
Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director
in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD
is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity
of the program in country
The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and
administers the educational activities of the Institute and in
particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the
University Program and for providing technical services to the
- 28 shy
various country education programs The Front Royal Institute
provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably
be offered in individual countries The University Labor
Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified
young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university
level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of
labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the
Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links
the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -
Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American
The Department of Social Projects assists in the development
of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives
community projects and where appropriate housing projects
workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing
the importance of making credit available for local labor
organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a
Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this
field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this
nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in
establishing credit programs for workers)
The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of
Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and
Information Services
- 29 -
AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated
in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It
received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that
time it has received continuing support from AID and has
developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it
to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and
presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry
out the program under consideration
2 AID
Management of the project is centered in the Labor
Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and
Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau
of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through
designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches
or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project
The design and implementation of each of the Country programs
is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department
of State
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
12
educational programs to heighten the effectiveness of labor
leadership and administration at all levels Other types of
assistance will include fostering social projects related to
labor organizations (eg credit unions consumer cooperatives
clinics community development etc) Another aspect of this
project is to strengthen communication and collaboration
between the free labor organizations of the various countries
and between them and the principal appropriate international
labor organizations-- the Inter-American Regional Organization
of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (ITS)
as well as the AFL-CIO itself Such associations will complement
other measures to enhance the stature of Latin American labor
organizations and to assist their progress toward free democratic
and responsible unionism
b Conditions Expected at End of Project (Targets)For each participating country
one (or more) national democratic labor confederation that has
competent leadership and adequate staff has an adequate operating
budget is financially self-sufficient provides a series of
services to its affiliates is located in its own national headshy
quarters periodically publishes a newspaper or newsletter is
governed in a democratic manner and is affiliated with and pays
dues to ORIT Targets for each country or sub-regional program
as well as growth in labor union membership income from dues
union financial strength and the number quality and coverage
of collective agreements are specified in the attached country
13
matrices (Annex one (1))
It should be clearly borne in mind however that attempts to measure such quantitative changes are difficult because available country data are often not available or reliable
Further growth may be stopped or even reversed at times because of unforeseen political factors which negate the best efforts of the contractor Therefore the EOPS targets as indicated in the attached country matrices vary considerably and may have to be changed from time to time In certain cases EOPS of longer than five years are indicated in other cases it has proved impossible to identify an EOPS date which appears realistic to all parties including the CT and AIDW Accordingly for overall purposes of the regional Project Paper five year approval of the regional labor program is requested in order to cover all AIFLD programs anticipated to be in operation during
the period FY 1977-1981
Hopefully a significant portion of the in-country activities of the project (eg operation of national training programs and social projects) will have been taken over by LA countries or international labor organizations by the time of final termination of AID funding to this project In some cases this may depend upon an increase in the income and staff of the principal appropriate international labor organizations--the
Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (=TS) so that they could
14
supplement the capacity of the less-developed labor movements
The same could also be said of the relationship between
stronger and weaker labor organizations within each country
Consequently a strengthening of ties (through increased
affiliations and dues contributions) between labor organizations
both nationally and internationally will be an important
condition precedent to the end of the AID-financed project
c Basic Assumptions The basic assumption
concerning design-of this project is that workers in the other
countries of the region can best be helped to achieve the goal
by an organization closely related to the labor movement in the
United States This assumption proceeds from matters of
feelings of fraternal solidaritytechnical expertise as well as
and was the underlying reason for making the American Institute
for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) the chosen instrument of
AID for this project Another important assumption is that
the governments of the several countries will continue to permit
AIFLD to operate within their jurisdictions and will honor
their international commitments favoring free labor organizations
3 Project Outputs
a Training courses will be given in the various
Latin American countries dealing with fundamental labor union
themes such as labor law and practice social security law and
practice collective bargaining and grievance procedures
parliamentary procedure and public speaking history of the
15
international labor union movement social theory labor union
accounting communications and public relations Such
courses are given at basic intermediate and specialized levels
Special courses are provided for agrarian rural workers
(compesinos) teachers and for members of cooperatives associated
with labor unions
Two hundred graduates of local courses come to the United
States annually for advanced training at the AIFLD center
at Front Royal Virginia Examples of such courses include
Techniques of Organizing
The role of Trade Union Women in Economic Development
Labor Relations amp Collective Bargaining
Collective Bargaining amp Research
Collective Bargaining amp Trade Union Rights
Adjustment to Automation
A specially selected group of 15-20 participants annually US
receives a specialuniversity level curriculum These partshy
icipants are elected or appointed union officials who are
currently at the policy making level This training is conshy
ducted in Spanish in the Washington DC area by professors
from the Consortium of DC area universities The courses
include subjects such as Survey of Basic Economics International
Relations Industrial Sociology Survey of Contemporary Latin
16
America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and
Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political
Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor
Relations in Latin America and individual research projects
AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali
Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists
to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD
provides technical assistance in management of credit unions
and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type
of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances
the prestige and attraction of free labor unions
b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed
in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic
intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services
for their members and organizational units established (education
social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for
local programs
c Important Output Assumptions
1 The ability of union leaders to
negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies
more effective union management based on AIFLD education of
union leadership
17
2 Union members will devote free time at
night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers
will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy
time courses
3 Trained instructors will be available to
conduct education programs
4 Project Inputs
a Kinds of Inputs
US Government
1 Funds for program and administrative
expenses
Logistic support (motor pool furniture2
duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the
country and EmbassyUSAID policy
Other Donors
1 Local logistic support (use of free
classroom space and instructors)
Funds for special project activities2
(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)
AIFLD private funds for special projects3
4 ITS private funds for shared staff and
program costs
5 Local funds for lost-time payments to
somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in
cases
18
US Government
Estimated costs of the program to the US
Government over the project period have been estimated on the
basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by
country and by time period the totals reveal an order of
magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows
1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ
60 52 44 55 14
The largest single element is comprised of
country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy
to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include
advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support
($15)
5 Analyses of Country Matrices
A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each
country regional and sub-regional program The indicators
selected are considered to be significantly better than previous
project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the
project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements
in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience
in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted
in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent
upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions
relative-to labor unions within each country
- 19 -
In examining the objectively verifiable indicators
used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards
goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress
in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of
unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number
and members so covered All eleven include indicators which
would show improvement in the economic position of members
through increased purchasing power of union members improvement
in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In
order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national
level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation
Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public
Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision
Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in
National Decision Making
In summary the currently planned End of Project Status
(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the
following dates
No Countries DATE (FY)
1 78
2 80
2 81
1 87
1 91
1 95 4 97
20
PART III
PROJECT ANALYSIS
A Technical Analysis
This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962
which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in
Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for
the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as
There is no alternate organization in the US which might
replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor
business and government and has developed staff organization
and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out
the Latin American Free Labor Development Program
Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the
carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to
labor education and social development activities throughout
the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other
support activities which have contributed to the existence and
effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of
Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser
The locales are classroomsextent social project development
and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in
only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current
technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program
objectives
21
Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy
country activities in the field will continue generally along
presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis
on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social
projects and a heavy component of participant training
Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program
proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents
(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are
finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the
US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites
Programs also vary in each country from time to time
depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the
part of the host governments and the local labor sector to
US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They
reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor
Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free
Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor
leaders
B bull Financial Analysis and Plan
The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current
year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for
complete details) The largest component of this total consists
of individual country programs which presently total 13
These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program
averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and
- 22 shy
$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate
a permanent in-country office including a resident US
representative The remainder consist of programs primarily
educational seminars and in some cases small social project
programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program
Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses
are in line with other AID contract representatives and could
not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of
allowances required by essentially all US citizens working
abroad
aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of
typical country program could be made only by eliminating the
US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two
reasons
1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its
financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)
which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with
labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country
where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis
to a large number of participants in educational programs who
are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy
ability
2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for
discussions of political matters with the Embassy which
frequently involve the use of classified information
-0 _11
Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a
nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis
However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt
AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in
the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where
designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning
purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that
It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish
that some will drop out but that others will be added so that
the total will remain roughly constant
which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work
to increase the average coat of in-country programs These
include
1 Inflation and
2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams
to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization
rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated
Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)
would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs
hold effects etc) 4444
- + ++ +
MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be
rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4
The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely
Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to
substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng
if + ++ if+ifif if
preussurea boen maintained to increase +
the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi
4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif
and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are
extremely limited in their resources They already contribute
in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM
However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are
reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future
- +
i
umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~
W9Um of tug
aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13
for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8
25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm
to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m
h1thfythgU V
amlo nf UWL mIam
Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000
toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse
toqeutioe sremI the
the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas
alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha
+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite
eeAbleof a mniut smestrat
+ ++++- + ++
- 22D -
Some country programs may drop out but others may be added
or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some
fashion since current staffing levels and administrative
costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated
It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset
the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at
this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response
by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe
the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and
81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time
23
C Social Analaysis
One of the major objectives of the program is to meet
the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life
with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of
economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components
of the labor force In order to realize progress certain
social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the
the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within
the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow
process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program
In many instances trade union organizations provide the
only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation
himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to
an improvement in his social well being The training of
leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly
with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with
small social impact projects provides the means whereby
attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to
the national level
It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity
labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining
economic and social benefits for their members This will be
reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work
and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will
- 24 shy
play in influencing the governments labor legislation and
its economic and social development programs Quantitative
data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained
in the country program matrices (eg membership social
services working conditions public influence governmental
relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases
but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with
any degree of validity
The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working
class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries
the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian
Union Development Services program which not only provides
for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the
development of cooperatives and the health field as well
The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis
participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of
women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal
pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs
During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses
included 16 women students while women students comprised
22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to
further improve this record
-- ---
- 25 -
One of the more important aspects of the program is that
it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a
significant number of low income people an opportunity to
seek improvement in their economic and social condition
through better representation and an opportunity to
participate in decisions affecting their working lives
D Economic Analysis
The nature of the labor develooment program as described
herein involves a mix of political social and economic
considerations and justifications It is difficult to
distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any
particular country at any given time let alone the region
as a whole
From the economic standzoint success in the project will
generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand
signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure
accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r
several of the country matries rcC_r _ns
will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments
but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level
which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable
reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues
payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations
and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the
- 26 shy
program and these too are not reliably reported Additional
amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE
obtained by the unions for their members and others through
collective bargaining but in this case we have the same
problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting
units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion
of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union
leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased
earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the
problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must
be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional
standpoint
- 27 -
PART IV
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements
1 Recipient
The American Institute for Free Labor Development
(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this
project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the
the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to
the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director
directs the development and implementation of programs and has
responsibility for the overall operation of the organization
The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible
directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies
and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the
Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and
monitor these programs on a continuing basis
Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director
in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD
is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity
of the program in country
The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and
administers the educational activities of the Institute and in
particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the
University Program and for providing technical services to the
- 28 shy
various country education programs The Front Royal Institute
provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably
be offered in individual countries The University Labor
Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified
young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university
level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of
labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the
Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links
the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -
Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American
The Department of Social Projects assists in the development
of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives
community projects and where appropriate housing projects
workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing
the importance of making credit available for local labor
organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a
Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this
field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this
nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in
establishing credit programs for workers)
The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of
Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and
Information Services
- 29 -
AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated
in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It
received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that
time it has received continuing support from AID and has
developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it
to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and
presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry
out the program under consideration
2 AID
Management of the project is centered in the Labor
Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and
Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau
of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through
designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches
or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project
The design and implementation of each of the Country programs
is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department
of State
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
13
matrices (Annex one (1))
It should be clearly borne in mind however that attempts to measure such quantitative changes are difficult because available country data are often not available or reliable
Further growth may be stopped or even reversed at times because of unforeseen political factors which negate the best efforts of the contractor Therefore the EOPS targets as indicated in the attached country matrices vary considerably and may have to be changed from time to time In certain cases EOPS of longer than five years are indicated in other cases it has proved impossible to identify an EOPS date which appears realistic to all parties including the CT and AIDW Accordingly for overall purposes of the regional Project Paper five year approval of the regional labor program is requested in order to cover all AIFLD programs anticipated to be in operation during
the period FY 1977-1981
Hopefully a significant portion of the in-country activities of the project (eg operation of national training programs and social projects) will have been taken over by LA countries or international labor organizations by the time of final termination of AID funding to this project In some cases this may depend upon an increase in the income and staff of the principal appropriate international labor organizations--the
Inter-American Regional Organization of Workers (ORIT) and the International Trade Secretariats (=TS) so that they could
14
supplement the capacity of the less-developed labor movements
The same could also be said of the relationship between
stronger and weaker labor organizations within each country
Consequently a strengthening of ties (through increased
affiliations and dues contributions) between labor organizations
both nationally and internationally will be an important
condition precedent to the end of the AID-financed project
c Basic Assumptions The basic assumption
concerning design-of this project is that workers in the other
countries of the region can best be helped to achieve the goal
by an organization closely related to the labor movement in the
United States This assumption proceeds from matters of
feelings of fraternal solidaritytechnical expertise as well as
and was the underlying reason for making the American Institute
for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) the chosen instrument of
AID for this project Another important assumption is that
the governments of the several countries will continue to permit
AIFLD to operate within their jurisdictions and will honor
their international commitments favoring free labor organizations
3 Project Outputs
a Training courses will be given in the various
Latin American countries dealing with fundamental labor union
themes such as labor law and practice social security law and
practice collective bargaining and grievance procedures
parliamentary procedure and public speaking history of the
15
international labor union movement social theory labor union
accounting communications and public relations Such
courses are given at basic intermediate and specialized levels
Special courses are provided for agrarian rural workers
(compesinos) teachers and for members of cooperatives associated
with labor unions
Two hundred graduates of local courses come to the United
States annually for advanced training at the AIFLD center
at Front Royal Virginia Examples of such courses include
Techniques of Organizing
The role of Trade Union Women in Economic Development
Labor Relations amp Collective Bargaining
Collective Bargaining amp Research
Collective Bargaining amp Trade Union Rights
Adjustment to Automation
A specially selected group of 15-20 participants annually US
receives a specialuniversity level curriculum These partshy
icipants are elected or appointed union officials who are
currently at the policy making level This training is conshy
ducted in Spanish in the Washington DC area by professors
from the Consortium of DC area universities The courses
include subjects such as Survey of Basic Economics International
Relations Industrial Sociology Survey of Contemporary Latin
16
America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and
Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political
Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor
Relations in Latin America and individual research projects
AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali
Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists
to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD
provides technical assistance in management of credit unions
and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type
of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances
the prestige and attraction of free labor unions
b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed
in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic
intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services
for their members and organizational units established (education
social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for
local programs
c Important Output Assumptions
1 The ability of union leaders to
negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies
more effective union management based on AIFLD education of
union leadership
17
2 Union members will devote free time at
night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers
will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy
time courses
3 Trained instructors will be available to
conduct education programs
4 Project Inputs
a Kinds of Inputs
US Government
1 Funds for program and administrative
expenses
Logistic support (motor pool furniture2
duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the
country and EmbassyUSAID policy
Other Donors
1 Local logistic support (use of free
classroom space and instructors)
Funds for special project activities2
(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)
AIFLD private funds for special projects3
4 ITS private funds for shared staff and
program costs
5 Local funds for lost-time payments to
somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in
cases
18
US Government
Estimated costs of the program to the US
Government over the project period have been estimated on the
basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by
country and by time period the totals reveal an order of
magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows
1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ
60 52 44 55 14
The largest single element is comprised of
country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy
to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include
advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support
($15)
5 Analyses of Country Matrices
A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each
country regional and sub-regional program The indicators
selected are considered to be significantly better than previous
project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the
project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements
in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience
in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted
in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent
upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions
relative-to labor unions within each country
- 19 -
In examining the objectively verifiable indicators
used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards
goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress
in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of
unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number
and members so covered All eleven include indicators which
would show improvement in the economic position of members
through increased purchasing power of union members improvement
in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In
order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national
level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation
Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public
Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision
Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in
National Decision Making
In summary the currently planned End of Project Status
(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the
following dates
No Countries DATE (FY)
1 78
2 80
2 81
1 87
1 91
1 95 4 97
20
PART III
PROJECT ANALYSIS
A Technical Analysis
This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962
which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in
Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for
the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as
There is no alternate organization in the US which might
replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor
business and government and has developed staff organization
and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out
the Latin American Free Labor Development Program
Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the
carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to
labor education and social development activities throughout
the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other
support activities which have contributed to the existence and
effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of
Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser
The locales are classroomsextent social project development
and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in
only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current
technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program
objectives
21
Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy
country activities in the field will continue generally along
presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis
on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social
projects and a heavy component of participant training
Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program
proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents
(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are
finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the
US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites
Programs also vary in each country from time to time
depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the
part of the host governments and the local labor sector to
US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They
reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor
Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free
Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor
leaders
B bull Financial Analysis and Plan
The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current
year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for
complete details) The largest component of this total consists
of individual country programs which presently total 13
These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program
averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and
- 22 shy
$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate
a permanent in-country office including a resident US
representative The remainder consist of programs primarily
educational seminars and in some cases small social project
programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program
Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses
are in line with other AID contract representatives and could
not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of
allowances required by essentially all US citizens working
abroad
aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of
typical country program could be made only by eliminating the
US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two
reasons
1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its
financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)
which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with
labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country
where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis
to a large number of participants in educational programs who
are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy
ability
2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for
discussions of political matters with the Embassy which
frequently involve the use of classified information
-0 _11
Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a
nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis
However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt
AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in
the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where
designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning
purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that
It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish
that some will drop out but that others will be added so that
the total will remain roughly constant
which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work
to increase the average coat of in-country programs These
include
1 Inflation and
2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams
to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization
rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated
Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)
would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs
hold effects etc) 4444
- + ++ +
MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be
rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4
The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely
Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to
substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng
if + ++ if+ifif if
preussurea boen maintained to increase +
the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi
4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif
and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are
extremely limited in their resources They already contribute
in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM
However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are
reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future
- +
i
umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~
W9Um of tug
aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13
for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8
25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm
to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m
h1thfythgU V
amlo nf UWL mIam
Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000
toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse
toqeutioe sremI the
the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas
alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha
+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite
eeAbleof a mniut smestrat
+ ++++- + ++
- 22D -
Some country programs may drop out but others may be added
or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some
fashion since current staffing levels and administrative
costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated
It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset
the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at
this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response
by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe
the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and
81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time
23
C Social Analaysis
One of the major objectives of the program is to meet
the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life
with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of
economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components
of the labor force In order to realize progress certain
social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the
the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within
the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow
process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program
In many instances trade union organizations provide the
only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation
himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to
an improvement in his social well being The training of
leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly
with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with
small social impact projects provides the means whereby
attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to
the national level
It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity
labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining
economic and social benefits for their members This will be
reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work
and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will
- 24 shy
play in influencing the governments labor legislation and
its economic and social development programs Quantitative
data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained
in the country program matrices (eg membership social
services working conditions public influence governmental
relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases
but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with
any degree of validity
The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working
class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries
the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian
Union Development Services program which not only provides
for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the
development of cooperatives and the health field as well
The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis
participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of
women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal
pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs
During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses
included 16 women students while women students comprised
22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to
further improve this record
-- ---
- 25 -
One of the more important aspects of the program is that
it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a
significant number of low income people an opportunity to
seek improvement in their economic and social condition
through better representation and an opportunity to
participate in decisions affecting their working lives
D Economic Analysis
The nature of the labor develooment program as described
herein involves a mix of political social and economic
considerations and justifications It is difficult to
distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any
particular country at any given time let alone the region
as a whole
From the economic standzoint success in the project will
generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand
signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure
accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r
several of the country matries rcC_r _ns
will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments
but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level
which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable
reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues
payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations
and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the
- 26 shy
program and these too are not reliably reported Additional
amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE
obtained by the unions for their members and others through
collective bargaining but in this case we have the same
problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting
units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion
of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union
leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased
earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the
problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must
be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional
standpoint
- 27 -
PART IV
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements
1 Recipient
The American Institute for Free Labor Development
(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this
project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the
the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to
the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director
directs the development and implementation of programs and has
responsibility for the overall operation of the organization
The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible
directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies
and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the
Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and
monitor these programs on a continuing basis
Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director
in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD
is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity
of the program in country
The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and
administers the educational activities of the Institute and in
particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the
University Program and for providing technical services to the
- 28 shy
various country education programs The Front Royal Institute
provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably
be offered in individual countries The University Labor
Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified
young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university
level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of
labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the
Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links
the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -
Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American
The Department of Social Projects assists in the development
of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives
community projects and where appropriate housing projects
workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing
the importance of making credit available for local labor
organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a
Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this
field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this
nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in
establishing credit programs for workers)
The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of
Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and
Information Services
- 29 -
AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated
in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It
received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that
time it has received continuing support from AID and has
developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it
to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and
presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry
out the program under consideration
2 AID
Management of the project is centered in the Labor
Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and
Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau
of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through
designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches
or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project
The design and implementation of each of the Country programs
is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department
of State
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
14
supplement the capacity of the less-developed labor movements
The same could also be said of the relationship between
stronger and weaker labor organizations within each country
Consequently a strengthening of ties (through increased
affiliations and dues contributions) between labor organizations
both nationally and internationally will be an important
condition precedent to the end of the AID-financed project
c Basic Assumptions The basic assumption
concerning design-of this project is that workers in the other
countries of the region can best be helped to achieve the goal
by an organization closely related to the labor movement in the
United States This assumption proceeds from matters of
feelings of fraternal solidaritytechnical expertise as well as
and was the underlying reason for making the American Institute
for Free Labor Development (AIFLD) the chosen instrument of
AID for this project Another important assumption is that
the governments of the several countries will continue to permit
AIFLD to operate within their jurisdictions and will honor
their international commitments favoring free labor organizations
3 Project Outputs
a Training courses will be given in the various
Latin American countries dealing with fundamental labor union
themes such as labor law and practice social security law and
practice collective bargaining and grievance procedures
parliamentary procedure and public speaking history of the
15
international labor union movement social theory labor union
accounting communications and public relations Such
courses are given at basic intermediate and specialized levels
Special courses are provided for agrarian rural workers
(compesinos) teachers and for members of cooperatives associated
with labor unions
Two hundred graduates of local courses come to the United
States annually for advanced training at the AIFLD center
at Front Royal Virginia Examples of such courses include
Techniques of Organizing
The role of Trade Union Women in Economic Development
Labor Relations amp Collective Bargaining
Collective Bargaining amp Research
Collective Bargaining amp Trade Union Rights
Adjustment to Automation
A specially selected group of 15-20 participants annually US
receives a specialuniversity level curriculum These partshy
icipants are elected or appointed union officials who are
currently at the policy making level This training is conshy
ducted in Spanish in the Washington DC area by professors
from the Consortium of DC area universities The courses
include subjects such as Survey of Basic Economics International
Relations Industrial Sociology Survey of Contemporary Latin
16
America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and
Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political
Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor
Relations in Latin America and individual research projects
AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali
Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists
to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD
provides technical assistance in management of credit unions
and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type
of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances
the prestige and attraction of free labor unions
b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed
in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic
intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services
for their members and organizational units established (education
social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for
local programs
c Important Output Assumptions
1 The ability of union leaders to
negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies
more effective union management based on AIFLD education of
union leadership
17
2 Union members will devote free time at
night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers
will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy
time courses
3 Trained instructors will be available to
conduct education programs
4 Project Inputs
a Kinds of Inputs
US Government
1 Funds for program and administrative
expenses
Logistic support (motor pool furniture2
duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the
country and EmbassyUSAID policy
Other Donors
1 Local logistic support (use of free
classroom space and instructors)
Funds for special project activities2
(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)
AIFLD private funds for special projects3
4 ITS private funds for shared staff and
program costs
5 Local funds for lost-time payments to
somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in
cases
18
US Government
Estimated costs of the program to the US
Government over the project period have been estimated on the
basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by
country and by time period the totals reveal an order of
magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows
1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ
60 52 44 55 14
The largest single element is comprised of
country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy
to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include
advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support
($15)
5 Analyses of Country Matrices
A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each
country regional and sub-regional program The indicators
selected are considered to be significantly better than previous
project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the
project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements
in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience
in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted
in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent
upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions
relative-to labor unions within each country
- 19 -
In examining the objectively verifiable indicators
used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards
goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress
in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of
unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number
and members so covered All eleven include indicators which
would show improvement in the economic position of members
through increased purchasing power of union members improvement
in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In
order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national
level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation
Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public
Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision
Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in
National Decision Making
In summary the currently planned End of Project Status
(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the
following dates
No Countries DATE (FY)
1 78
2 80
2 81
1 87
1 91
1 95 4 97
20
PART III
PROJECT ANALYSIS
A Technical Analysis
This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962
which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in
Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for
the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as
There is no alternate organization in the US which might
replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor
business and government and has developed staff organization
and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out
the Latin American Free Labor Development Program
Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the
carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to
labor education and social development activities throughout
the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other
support activities which have contributed to the existence and
effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of
Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser
The locales are classroomsextent social project development
and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in
only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current
technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program
objectives
21
Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy
country activities in the field will continue generally along
presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis
on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social
projects and a heavy component of participant training
Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program
proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents
(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are
finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the
US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites
Programs also vary in each country from time to time
depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the
part of the host governments and the local labor sector to
US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They
reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor
Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free
Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor
leaders
B bull Financial Analysis and Plan
The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current
year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for
complete details) The largest component of this total consists
of individual country programs which presently total 13
These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program
averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and
- 22 shy
$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate
a permanent in-country office including a resident US
representative The remainder consist of programs primarily
educational seminars and in some cases small social project
programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program
Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses
are in line with other AID contract representatives and could
not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of
allowances required by essentially all US citizens working
abroad
aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of
typical country program could be made only by eliminating the
US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two
reasons
1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its
financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)
which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with
labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country
where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis
to a large number of participants in educational programs who
are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy
ability
2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for
discussions of political matters with the Embassy which
frequently involve the use of classified information
-0 _11
Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a
nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis
However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt
AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in
the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where
designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning
purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that
It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish
that some will drop out but that others will be added so that
the total will remain roughly constant
which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work
to increase the average coat of in-country programs These
include
1 Inflation and
2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams
to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization
rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated
Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)
would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs
hold effects etc) 4444
- + ++ +
MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be
rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4
The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely
Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to
substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng
if + ++ if+ifif if
preussurea boen maintained to increase +
the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi
4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif
and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are
extremely limited in their resources They already contribute
in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM
However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are
reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future
- +
i
umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~
W9Um of tug
aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13
for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8
25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm
to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m
h1thfythgU V
amlo nf UWL mIam
Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000
toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse
toqeutioe sremI the
the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas
alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha
+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite
eeAbleof a mniut smestrat
+ ++++- + ++
- 22D -
Some country programs may drop out but others may be added
or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some
fashion since current staffing levels and administrative
costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated
It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset
the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at
this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response
by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe
the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and
81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time
23
C Social Analaysis
One of the major objectives of the program is to meet
the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life
with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of
economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components
of the labor force In order to realize progress certain
social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the
the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within
the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow
process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program
In many instances trade union organizations provide the
only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation
himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to
an improvement in his social well being The training of
leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly
with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with
small social impact projects provides the means whereby
attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to
the national level
It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity
labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining
economic and social benefits for their members This will be
reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work
and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will
- 24 shy
play in influencing the governments labor legislation and
its economic and social development programs Quantitative
data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained
in the country program matrices (eg membership social
services working conditions public influence governmental
relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases
but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with
any degree of validity
The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working
class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries
the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian
Union Development Services program which not only provides
for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the
development of cooperatives and the health field as well
The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis
participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of
women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal
pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs
During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses
included 16 women students while women students comprised
22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to
further improve this record
-- ---
- 25 -
One of the more important aspects of the program is that
it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a
significant number of low income people an opportunity to
seek improvement in their economic and social condition
through better representation and an opportunity to
participate in decisions affecting their working lives
D Economic Analysis
The nature of the labor develooment program as described
herein involves a mix of political social and economic
considerations and justifications It is difficult to
distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any
particular country at any given time let alone the region
as a whole
From the economic standzoint success in the project will
generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand
signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure
accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r
several of the country matries rcC_r _ns
will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments
but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level
which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable
reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues
payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations
and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the
- 26 shy
program and these too are not reliably reported Additional
amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE
obtained by the unions for their members and others through
collective bargaining but in this case we have the same
problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting
units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion
of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union
leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased
earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the
problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must
be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional
standpoint
- 27 -
PART IV
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements
1 Recipient
The American Institute for Free Labor Development
(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this
project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the
the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to
the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director
directs the development and implementation of programs and has
responsibility for the overall operation of the organization
The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible
directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies
and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the
Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and
monitor these programs on a continuing basis
Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director
in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD
is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity
of the program in country
The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and
administers the educational activities of the Institute and in
particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the
University Program and for providing technical services to the
- 28 shy
various country education programs The Front Royal Institute
provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably
be offered in individual countries The University Labor
Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified
young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university
level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of
labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the
Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links
the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -
Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American
The Department of Social Projects assists in the development
of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives
community projects and where appropriate housing projects
workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing
the importance of making credit available for local labor
organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a
Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this
field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this
nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in
establishing credit programs for workers)
The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of
Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and
Information Services
- 29 -
AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated
in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It
received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that
time it has received continuing support from AID and has
developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it
to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and
presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry
out the program under consideration
2 AID
Management of the project is centered in the Labor
Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and
Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau
of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through
designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches
or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project
The design and implementation of each of the Country programs
is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department
of State
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
15
international labor union movement social theory labor union
accounting communications and public relations Such
courses are given at basic intermediate and specialized levels
Special courses are provided for agrarian rural workers
(compesinos) teachers and for members of cooperatives associated
with labor unions
Two hundred graduates of local courses come to the United
States annually for advanced training at the AIFLD center
at Front Royal Virginia Examples of such courses include
Techniques of Organizing
The role of Trade Union Women in Economic Development
Labor Relations amp Collective Bargaining
Collective Bargaining amp Research
Collective Bargaining amp Trade Union Rights
Adjustment to Automation
A specially selected group of 15-20 participants annually US
receives a specialuniversity level curriculum These partshy
icipants are elected or appointed union officials who are
currently at the policy making level This training is conshy
ducted in Spanish in the Washington DC area by professors
from the Consortium of DC area universities The courses
include subjects such as Survey of Basic Economics International
Relations Industrial Sociology Survey of Contemporary Latin
16
America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and
Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political
Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor
Relations in Latin America and individual research projects
AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali
Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists
to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD
provides technical assistance in management of credit unions
and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type
of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances
the prestige and attraction of free labor unions
b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed
in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic
intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services
for their members and organizational units established (education
social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for
local programs
c Important Output Assumptions
1 The ability of union leaders to
negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies
more effective union management based on AIFLD education of
union leadership
17
2 Union members will devote free time at
night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers
will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy
time courses
3 Trained instructors will be available to
conduct education programs
4 Project Inputs
a Kinds of Inputs
US Government
1 Funds for program and administrative
expenses
Logistic support (motor pool furniture2
duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the
country and EmbassyUSAID policy
Other Donors
1 Local logistic support (use of free
classroom space and instructors)
Funds for special project activities2
(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)
AIFLD private funds for special projects3
4 ITS private funds for shared staff and
program costs
5 Local funds for lost-time payments to
somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in
cases
18
US Government
Estimated costs of the program to the US
Government over the project period have been estimated on the
basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by
country and by time period the totals reveal an order of
magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows
1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ
60 52 44 55 14
The largest single element is comprised of
country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy
to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include
advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support
($15)
5 Analyses of Country Matrices
A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each
country regional and sub-regional program The indicators
selected are considered to be significantly better than previous
project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the
project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements
in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience
in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted
in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent
upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions
relative-to labor unions within each country
- 19 -
In examining the objectively verifiable indicators
used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards
goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress
in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of
unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number
and members so covered All eleven include indicators which
would show improvement in the economic position of members
through increased purchasing power of union members improvement
in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In
order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national
level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation
Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public
Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision
Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in
National Decision Making
In summary the currently planned End of Project Status
(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the
following dates
No Countries DATE (FY)
1 78
2 80
2 81
1 87
1 91
1 95 4 97
20
PART III
PROJECT ANALYSIS
A Technical Analysis
This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962
which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in
Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for
the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as
There is no alternate organization in the US which might
replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor
business and government and has developed staff organization
and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out
the Latin American Free Labor Development Program
Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the
carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to
labor education and social development activities throughout
the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other
support activities which have contributed to the existence and
effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of
Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser
The locales are classroomsextent social project development
and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in
only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current
technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program
objectives
21
Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy
country activities in the field will continue generally along
presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis
on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social
projects and a heavy component of participant training
Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program
proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents
(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are
finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the
US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites
Programs also vary in each country from time to time
depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the
part of the host governments and the local labor sector to
US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They
reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor
Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free
Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor
leaders
B bull Financial Analysis and Plan
The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current
year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for
complete details) The largest component of this total consists
of individual country programs which presently total 13
These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program
averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and
- 22 shy
$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate
a permanent in-country office including a resident US
representative The remainder consist of programs primarily
educational seminars and in some cases small social project
programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program
Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses
are in line with other AID contract representatives and could
not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of
allowances required by essentially all US citizens working
abroad
aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of
typical country program could be made only by eliminating the
US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two
reasons
1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its
financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)
which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with
labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country
where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis
to a large number of participants in educational programs who
are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy
ability
2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for
discussions of political matters with the Embassy which
frequently involve the use of classified information
-0 _11
Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a
nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis
However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt
AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in
the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where
designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning
purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that
It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish
that some will drop out but that others will be added so that
the total will remain roughly constant
which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work
to increase the average coat of in-country programs These
include
1 Inflation and
2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams
to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization
rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated
Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)
would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs
hold effects etc) 4444
- + ++ +
MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be
rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4
The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely
Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to
substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng
if + ++ if+ifif if
preussurea boen maintained to increase +
the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi
4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif
and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are
extremely limited in their resources They already contribute
in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM
However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are
reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future
- +
i
umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~
W9Um of tug
aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13
for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8
25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm
to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m
h1thfythgU V
amlo nf UWL mIam
Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000
toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse
toqeutioe sremI the
the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas
alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha
+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite
eeAbleof a mniut smestrat
+ ++++- + ++
- 22D -
Some country programs may drop out but others may be added
or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some
fashion since current staffing levels and administrative
costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated
It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset
the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at
this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response
by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe
the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and
81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time
23
C Social Analaysis
One of the major objectives of the program is to meet
the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life
with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of
economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components
of the labor force In order to realize progress certain
social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the
the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within
the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow
process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program
In many instances trade union organizations provide the
only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation
himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to
an improvement in his social well being The training of
leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly
with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with
small social impact projects provides the means whereby
attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to
the national level
It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity
labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining
economic and social benefits for their members This will be
reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work
and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will
- 24 shy
play in influencing the governments labor legislation and
its economic and social development programs Quantitative
data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained
in the country program matrices (eg membership social
services working conditions public influence governmental
relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases
but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with
any degree of validity
The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working
class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries
the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian
Union Development Services program which not only provides
for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the
development of cooperatives and the health field as well
The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis
participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of
women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal
pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs
During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses
included 16 women students while women students comprised
22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to
further improve this record
-- ---
- 25 -
One of the more important aspects of the program is that
it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a
significant number of low income people an opportunity to
seek improvement in their economic and social condition
through better representation and an opportunity to
participate in decisions affecting their working lives
D Economic Analysis
The nature of the labor develooment program as described
herein involves a mix of political social and economic
considerations and justifications It is difficult to
distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any
particular country at any given time let alone the region
as a whole
From the economic standzoint success in the project will
generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand
signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure
accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r
several of the country matries rcC_r _ns
will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments
but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level
which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable
reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues
payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations
and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the
- 26 shy
program and these too are not reliably reported Additional
amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE
obtained by the unions for their members and others through
collective bargaining but in this case we have the same
problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting
units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion
of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union
leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased
earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the
problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must
be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional
standpoint
- 27 -
PART IV
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements
1 Recipient
The American Institute for Free Labor Development
(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this
project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the
the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to
the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director
directs the development and implementation of programs and has
responsibility for the overall operation of the organization
The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible
directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies
and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the
Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and
monitor these programs on a continuing basis
Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director
in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD
is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity
of the program in country
The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and
administers the educational activities of the Institute and in
particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the
University Program and for providing technical services to the
- 28 shy
various country education programs The Front Royal Institute
provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably
be offered in individual countries The University Labor
Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified
young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university
level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of
labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the
Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links
the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -
Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American
The Department of Social Projects assists in the development
of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives
community projects and where appropriate housing projects
workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing
the importance of making credit available for local labor
organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a
Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this
field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this
nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in
establishing credit programs for workers)
The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of
Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and
Information Services
- 29 -
AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated
in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It
received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that
time it has received continuing support from AID and has
developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it
to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and
presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry
out the program under consideration
2 AID
Management of the project is centered in the Labor
Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and
Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau
of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through
designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches
or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project
The design and implementation of each of the Country programs
is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department
of State
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
16
America Economic Development The Trade Union Movement and
Workers Rights Labor Economics Comparative Political
Philosophies International Economics The Andean Pact Labor
Relations in Latin America and individual research projects
AIFLD collaborates with ORIT and several Internationali
Trade Secretariats by paying travel expenses for trade unionists
to attend seminars and conferences in third countries AIFLD
provides technical assistance in management of credit unions
and other cooperatives related to labor organizations This type
of social project not only benefits workers but also enhances
the prestige and attraction of free labor unions
b Output Indicators Indicators are expressed
in terms of numbers of union leaders trained at basic
intermediate and advanced levels staff trained to provide services
for their members and organizational units established (education
social projects etc) to assume ongoing responsibility for
local programs
c Important Output Assumptions
1 The ability of union leaders to
negotiate collective agreements with improved benefits implies
more effective union management based on AIFLD education of
union leadership
17
2 Union members will devote free time at
night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers
will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy
time courses
3 Trained instructors will be available to
conduct education programs
4 Project Inputs
a Kinds of Inputs
US Government
1 Funds for program and administrative
expenses
Logistic support (motor pool furniture2
duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the
country and EmbassyUSAID policy
Other Donors
1 Local logistic support (use of free
classroom space and instructors)
Funds for special project activities2
(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)
AIFLD private funds for special projects3
4 ITS private funds for shared staff and
program costs
5 Local funds for lost-time payments to
somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in
cases
18
US Government
Estimated costs of the program to the US
Government over the project period have been estimated on the
basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by
country and by time period the totals reveal an order of
magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows
1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ
60 52 44 55 14
The largest single element is comprised of
country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy
to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include
advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support
($15)
5 Analyses of Country Matrices
A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each
country regional and sub-regional program The indicators
selected are considered to be significantly better than previous
project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the
project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements
in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience
in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted
in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent
upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions
relative-to labor unions within each country
- 19 -
In examining the objectively verifiable indicators
used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards
goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress
in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of
unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number
and members so covered All eleven include indicators which
would show improvement in the economic position of members
through increased purchasing power of union members improvement
in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In
order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national
level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation
Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public
Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision
Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in
National Decision Making
In summary the currently planned End of Project Status
(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the
following dates
No Countries DATE (FY)
1 78
2 80
2 81
1 87
1 91
1 95 4 97
20
PART III
PROJECT ANALYSIS
A Technical Analysis
This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962
which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in
Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for
the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as
There is no alternate organization in the US which might
replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor
business and government and has developed staff organization
and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out
the Latin American Free Labor Development Program
Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the
carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to
labor education and social development activities throughout
the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other
support activities which have contributed to the existence and
effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of
Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser
The locales are classroomsextent social project development
and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in
only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current
technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program
objectives
21
Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy
country activities in the field will continue generally along
presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis
on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social
projects and a heavy component of participant training
Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program
proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents
(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are
finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the
US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites
Programs also vary in each country from time to time
depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the
part of the host governments and the local labor sector to
US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They
reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor
Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free
Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor
leaders
B bull Financial Analysis and Plan
The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current
year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for
complete details) The largest component of this total consists
of individual country programs which presently total 13
These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program
averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and
- 22 shy
$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate
a permanent in-country office including a resident US
representative The remainder consist of programs primarily
educational seminars and in some cases small social project
programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program
Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses
are in line with other AID contract representatives and could
not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of
allowances required by essentially all US citizens working
abroad
aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of
typical country program could be made only by eliminating the
US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two
reasons
1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its
financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)
which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with
labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country
where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis
to a large number of participants in educational programs who
are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy
ability
2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for
discussions of political matters with the Embassy which
frequently involve the use of classified information
-0 _11
Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a
nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis
However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt
AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in
the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where
designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning
purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that
It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish
that some will drop out but that others will be added so that
the total will remain roughly constant
which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work
to increase the average coat of in-country programs These
include
1 Inflation and
2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams
to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization
rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated
Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)
would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs
hold effects etc) 4444
- + ++ +
MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be
rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4
The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely
Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to
substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng
if + ++ if+ifif if
preussurea boen maintained to increase +
the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi
4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif
and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are
extremely limited in their resources They already contribute
in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM
However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are
reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future
- +
i
umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~
W9Um of tug
aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13
for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8
25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm
to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m
h1thfythgU V
amlo nf UWL mIam
Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000
toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse
toqeutioe sremI the
the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas
alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha
+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite
eeAbleof a mniut smestrat
+ ++++- + ++
- 22D -
Some country programs may drop out but others may be added
or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some
fashion since current staffing levels and administrative
costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated
It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset
the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at
this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response
by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe
the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and
81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time
23
C Social Analaysis
One of the major objectives of the program is to meet
the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life
with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of
economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components
of the labor force In order to realize progress certain
social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the
the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within
the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow
process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program
In many instances trade union organizations provide the
only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation
himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to
an improvement in his social well being The training of
leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly
with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with
small social impact projects provides the means whereby
attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to
the national level
It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity
labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining
economic and social benefits for their members This will be
reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work
and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will
- 24 shy
play in influencing the governments labor legislation and
its economic and social development programs Quantitative
data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained
in the country program matrices (eg membership social
services working conditions public influence governmental
relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases
but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with
any degree of validity
The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working
class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries
the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian
Union Development Services program which not only provides
for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the
development of cooperatives and the health field as well
The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis
participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of
women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal
pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs
During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses
included 16 women students while women students comprised
22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to
further improve this record
-- ---
- 25 -
One of the more important aspects of the program is that
it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a
significant number of low income people an opportunity to
seek improvement in their economic and social condition
through better representation and an opportunity to
participate in decisions affecting their working lives
D Economic Analysis
The nature of the labor develooment program as described
herein involves a mix of political social and economic
considerations and justifications It is difficult to
distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any
particular country at any given time let alone the region
as a whole
From the economic standzoint success in the project will
generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand
signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure
accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r
several of the country matries rcC_r _ns
will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments
but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level
which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable
reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues
payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations
and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the
- 26 shy
program and these too are not reliably reported Additional
amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE
obtained by the unions for their members and others through
collective bargaining but in this case we have the same
problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting
units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion
of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union
leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased
earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the
problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must
be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional
standpoint
- 27 -
PART IV
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements
1 Recipient
The American Institute for Free Labor Development
(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this
project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the
the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to
the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director
directs the development and implementation of programs and has
responsibility for the overall operation of the organization
The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible
directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies
and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the
Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and
monitor these programs on a continuing basis
Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director
in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD
is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity
of the program in country
The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and
administers the educational activities of the Institute and in
particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the
University Program and for providing technical services to the
- 28 shy
various country education programs The Front Royal Institute
provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably
be offered in individual countries The University Labor
Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified
young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university
level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of
labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the
Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links
the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -
Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American
The Department of Social Projects assists in the development
of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives
community projects and where appropriate housing projects
workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing
the importance of making credit available for local labor
organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a
Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this
field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this
nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in
establishing credit programs for workers)
The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of
Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and
Information Services
- 29 -
AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated
in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It
received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that
time it has received continuing support from AID and has
developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it
to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and
presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry
out the program under consideration
2 AID
Management of the project is centered in the Labor
Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and
Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau
of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through
designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches
or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project
The design and implementation of each of the Country programs
is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department
of State
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
17
2 Union members will devote free time at
night and weekends to attend after-hours courses 4nd employers
will be willing to grant leave to participants in fullshy
time courses
3 Trained instructors will be available to
conduct education programs
4 Project Inputs
a Kinds of Inputs
US Government
1 Funds for program and administrative
expenses
Logistic support (motor pool furniture2
duty-free customs pouch privileges etc) as appropriate to the
country and EmbassyUSAID policy
Other Donors
1 Local logistic support (use of free
classroom space and instructors)
Funds for special project activities2
(AFL-CIO funds for impact projects)
AIFLD private funds for special projects3
4 ITS private funds for shared staff and
program costs
5 Local funds for lost-time payments to
somefull-time course participantsplus local travel expense in
cases
18
US Government
Estimated costs of the program to the US
Government over the project period have been estimated on the
basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by
country and by time period the totals reveal an order of
magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows
1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ
60 52 44 55 14
The largest single element is comprised of
country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy
to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include
advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support
($15)
5 Analyses of Country Matrices
A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each
country regional and sub-regional program The indicators
selected are considered to be significantly better than previous
project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the
project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements
in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience
in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted
in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent
upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions
relative-to labor unions within each country
- 19 -
In examining the objectively verifiable indicators
used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards
goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress
in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of
unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number
and members so covered All eleven include indicators which
would show improvement in the economic position of members
through increased purchasing power of union members improvement
in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In
order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national
level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation
Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public
Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision
Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in
National Decision Making
In summary the currently planned End of Project Status
(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the
following dates
No Countries DATE (FY)
1 78
2 80
2 81
1 87
1 91
1 95 4 97
20
PART III
PROJECT ANALYSIS
A Technical Analysis
This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962
which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in
Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for
the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as
There is no alternate organization in the US which might
replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor
business and government and has developed staff organization
and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out
the Latin American Free Labor Development Program
Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the
carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to
labor education and social development activities throughout
the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other
support activities which have contributed to the existence and
effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of
Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser
The locales are classroomsextent social project development
and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in
only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current
technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program
objectives
21
Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy
country activities in the field will continue generally along
presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis
on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social
projects and a heavy component of participant training
Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program
proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents
(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are
finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the
US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites
Programs also vary in each country from time to time
depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the
part of the host governments and the local labor sector to
US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They
reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor
Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free
Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor
leaders
B bull Financial Analysis and Plan
The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current
year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for
complete details) The largest component of this total consists
of individual country programs which presently total 13
These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program
averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and
- 22 shy
$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate
a permanent in-country office including a resident US
representative The remainder consist of programs primarily
educational seminars and in some cases small social project
programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program
Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses
are in line with other AID contract representatives and could
not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of
allowances required by essentially all US citizens working
abroad
aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of
typical country program could be made only by eliminating the
US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two
reasons
1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its
financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)
which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with
labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country
where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis
to a large number of participants in educational programs who
are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy
ability
2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for
discussions of political matters with the Embassy which
frequently involve the use of classified information
-0 _11
Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a
nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis
However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt
AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in
the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where
designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning
purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that
It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish
that some will drop out but that others will be added so that
the total will remain roughly constant
which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work
to increase the average coat of in-country programs These
include
1 Inflation and
2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams
to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization
rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated
Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)
would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs
hold effects etc) 4444
- + ++ +
MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be
rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4
The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely
Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to
substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng
if + ++ if+ifif if
preussurea boen maintained to increase +
the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi
4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif
and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are
extremely limited in their resources They already contribute
in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM
However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are
reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future
- +
i
umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~
W9Um of tug
aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13
for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8
25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm
to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m
h1thfythgU V
amlo nf UWL mIam
Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000
toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse
toqeutioe sremI the
the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas
alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha
+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite
eeAbleof a mniut smestrat
+ ++++- + ++
- 22D -
Some country programs may drop out but others may be added
or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some
fashion since current staffing levels and administrative
costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated
It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset
the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at
this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response
by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe
the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and
81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time
23
C Social Analaysis
One of the major objectives of the program is to meet
the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life
with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of
economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components
of the labor force In order to realize progress certain
social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the
the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within
the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow
process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program
In many instances trade union organizations provide the
only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation
himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to
an improvement in his social well being The training of
leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly
with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with
small social impact projects provides the means whereby
attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to
the national level
It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity
labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining
economic and social benefits for their members This will be
reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work
and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will
- 24 shy
play in influencing the governments labor legislation and
its economic and social development programs Quantitative
data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained
in the country program matrices (eg membership social
services working conditions public influence governmental
relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases
but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with
any degree of validity
The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working
class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries
the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian
Union Development Services program which not only provides
for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the
development of cooperatives and the health field as well
The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis
participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of
women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal
pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs
During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses
included 16 women students while women students comprised
22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to
further improve this record
-- ---
- 25 -
One of the more important aspects of the program is that
it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a
significant number of low income people an opportunity to
seek improvement in their economic and social condition
through better representation and an opportunity to
participate in decisions affecting their working lives
D Economic Analysis
The nature of the labor develooment program as described
herein involves a mix of political social and economic
considerations and justifications It is difficult to
distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any
particular country at any given time let alone the region
as a whole
From the economic standzoint success in the project will
generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand
signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure
accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r
several of the country matries rcC_r _ns
will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments
but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level
which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable
reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues
payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations
and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the
- 26 shy
program and these too are not reliably reported Additional
amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE
obtained by the unions for their members and others through
collective bargaining but in this case we have the same
problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting
units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion
of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union
leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased
earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the
problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must
be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional
standpoint
- 27 -
PART IV
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements
1 Recipient
The American Institute for Free Labor Development
(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this
project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the
the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to
the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director
directs the development and implementation of programs and has
responsibility for the overall operation of the organization
The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible
directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies
and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the
Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and
monitor these programs on a continuing basis
Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director
in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD
is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity
of the program in country
The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and
administers the educational activities of the Institute and in
particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the
University Program and for providing technical services to the
- 28 shy
various country education programs The Front Royal Institute
provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably
be offered in individual countries The University Labor
Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified
young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university
level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of
labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the
Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links
the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -
Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American
The Department of Social Projects assists in the development
of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives
community projects and where appropriate housing projects
workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing
the importance of making credit available for local labor
organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a
Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this
field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this
nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in
establishing credit programs for workers)
The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of
Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and
Information Services
- 29 -
AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated
in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It
received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that
time it has received continuing support from AID and has
developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it
to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and
presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry
out the program under consideration
2 AID
Management of the project is centered in the Labor
Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and
Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau
of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through
designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches
or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project
The design and implementation of each of the Country programs
is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department
of State
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
18
US Government
Estimated costs of the program to the US
Government over the project period have been estimated on the
basic of experience to date Although experience has varied by
country and by time period the totals reveal an order of
magnitude of $5 to $6 million as follows
1973 1974 1975 1976 TQ
60 52 44 55 14
The largest single element is comprised of
country programs totalling about $25 million per year Unionshy
to-Union (ITS) average about $07 US operations include
advanced training programs ($09) and AIFLD headquarters support
($15)
5 Analyses of Country Matrices
A logical framework matrix has been prepared for each
country regional and sub-regional program The indicators
selected are considered to be significantly better than previous
project indicators as a measurements for the attainment of the
project goal and purposes It is anticipated that improvements
in matrices will continue as field staffs gain further experience
in the collection of data and its evaluation However as noted
in the matrices demonstrated progress in programs is dependent
upon the existence of reliable data and favorable conditions
relative-to labor unions within each country
- 19 -
In examining the objectively verifiable indicators
used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards
goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress
in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of
unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number
and members so covered All eleven include indicators which
would show improvement in the economic position of members
through increased purchasing power of union members improvement
in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In
order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national
level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation
Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public
Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision
Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in
National Decision Making
In summary the currently planned End of Project Status
(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the
following dates
No Countries DATE (FY)
1 78
2 80
2 81
1 87
1 91
1 95 4 97
20
PART III
PROJECT ANALYSIS
A Technical Analysis
This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962
which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in
Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for
the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as
There is no alternate organization in the US which might
replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor
business and government and has developed staff organization
and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out
the Latin American Free Labor Development Program
Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the
carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to
labor education and social development activities throughout
the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other
support activities which have contributed to the existence and
effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of
Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser
The locales are classroomsextent social project development
and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in
only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current
technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program
objectives
21
Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy
country activities in the field will continue generally along
presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis
on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social
projects and a heavy component of participant training
Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program
proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents
(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are
finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the
US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites
Programs also vary in each country from time to time
depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the
part of the host governments and the local labor sector to
US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They
reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor
Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free
Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor
leaders
B bull Financial Analysis and Plan
The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current
year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for
complete details) The largest component of this total consists
of individual country programs which presently total 13
These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program
averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and
- 22 shy
$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate
a permanent in-country office including a resident US
representative The remainder consist of programs primarily
educational seminars and in some cases small social project
programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program
Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses
are in line with other AID contract representatives and could
not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of
allowances required by essentially all US citizens working
abroad
aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of
typical country program could be made only by eliminating the
US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two
reasons
1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its
financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)
which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with
labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country
where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis
to a large number of participants in educational programs who
are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy
ability
2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for
discussions of political matters with the Embassy which
frequently involve the use of classified information
-0 _11
Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a
nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis
However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt
AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in
the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where
designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning
purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that
It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish
that some will drop out but that others will be added so that
the total will remain roughly constant
which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work
to increase the average coat of in-country programs These
include
1 Inflation and
2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams
to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization
rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated
Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)
would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs
hold effects etc) 4444
- + ++ +
MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be
rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4
The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely
Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to
substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng
if + ++ if+ifif if
preussurea boen maintained to increase +
the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi
4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif
and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are
extremely limited in their resources They already contribute
in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM
However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are
reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future
- +
i
umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~
W9Um of tug
aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13
for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8
25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm
to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m
h1thfythgU V
amlo nf UWL mIam
Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000
toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse
toqeutioe sremI the
the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas
alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha
+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite
eeAbleof a mniut smestrat
+ ++++- + ++
- 22D -
Some country programs may drop out but others may be added
or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some
fashion since current staffing levels and administrative
costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated
It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset
the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at
this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response
by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe
the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and
81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time
23
C Social Analaysis
One of the major objectives of the program is to meet
the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life
with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of
economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components
of the labor force In order to realize progress certain
social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the
the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within
the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow
process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program
In many instances trade union organizations provide the
only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation
himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to
an improvement in his social well being The training of
leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly
with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with
small social impact projects provides the means whereby
attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to
the national level
It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity
labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining
economic and social benefits for their members This will be
reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work
and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will
- 24 shy
play in influencing the governments labor legislation and
its economic and social development programs Quantitative
data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained
in the country program matrices (eg membership social
services working conditions public influence governmental
relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases
but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with
any degree of validity
The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working
class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries
the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian
Union Development Services program which not only provides
for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the
development of cooperatives and the health field as well
The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis
participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of
women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal
pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs
During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses
included 16 women students while women students comprised
22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to
further improve this record
-- ---
- 25 -
One of the more important aspects of the program is that
it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a
significant number of low income people an opportunity to
seek improvement in their economic and social condition
through better representation and an opportunity to
participate in decisions affecting their working lives
D Economic Analysis
The nature of the labor develooment program as described
herein involves a mix of political social and economic
considerations and justifications It is difficult to
distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any
particular country at any given time let alone the region
as a whole
From the economic standzoint success in the project will
generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand
signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure
accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r
several of the country matries rcC_r _ns
will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments
but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level
which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable
reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues
payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations
and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the
- 26 shy
program and these too are not reliably reported Additional
amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE
obtained by the unions for their members and others through
collective bargaining but in this case we have the same
problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting
units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion
of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union
leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased
earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the
problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must
be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional
standpoint
- 27 -
PART IV
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements
1 Recipient
The American Institute for Free Labor Development
(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this
project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the
the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to
the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director
directs the development and implementation of programs and has
responsibility for the overall operation of the organization
The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible
directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies
and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the
Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and
monitor these programs on a continuing basis
Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director
in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD
is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity
of the program in country
The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and
administers the educational activities of the Institute and in
particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the
University Program and for providing technical services to the
- 28 shy
various country education programs The Front Royal Institute
provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably
be offered in individual countries The University Labor
Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified
young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university
level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of
labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the
Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links
the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -
Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American
The Department of Social Projects assists in the development
of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives
community projects and where appropriate housing projects
workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing
the importance of making credit available for local labor
organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a
Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this
field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this
nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in
establishing credit programs for workers)
The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of
Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and
Information Services
- 29 -
AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated
in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It
received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that
time it has received continuing support from AID and has
developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it
to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and
presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry
out the program under consideration
2 AID
Management of the project is centered in the Labor
Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and
Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau
of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through
designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches
or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project
The design and implementation of each of the Country programs
is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department
of State
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
- 19 -
In examining the objectively verifiable indicators
used in eleven country matrices to measure progress towards
goal targets nine use various indicators to measure progress
in collective bargaining These are percentage and number of
unions covered by such contracts and the percentage and number
and members so covered All eleven include indicators which
would show improvement in the economic position of members
through increased purchasing power of union members improvement
in working conditions and improvement in fringe benefits In
order to measure the impact of the labor unions at the national
level five of the matrices include Improved Social Legislation
Resulting from Labor Initiatives four use Increased Public
Belief that Labor Unions are Influential in National Decision
Making and four include Labor Unions are influential in
National Decision Making
In summary the currently planned End of Project Status
(EOPS) will have been achieved by 12 countries on the
following dates
No Countries DATE (FY)
1 78
2 80
2 81
1 87
1 91
1 95 4 97
20
PART III
PROJECT ANALYSIS
A Technical Analysis
This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962
which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in
Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for
the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as
There is no alternate organization in the US which might
replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor
business and government and has developed staff organization
and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out
the Latin American Free Labor Development Program
Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the
carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to
labor education and social development activities throughout
the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other
support activities which have contributed to the existence and
effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of
Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser
The locales are classroomsextent social project development
and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in
only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current
technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program
objectives
21
Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy
country activities in the field will continue generally along
presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis
on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social
projects and a heavy component of participant training
Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program
proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents
(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are
finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the
US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites
Programs also vary in each country from time to time
depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the
part of the host governments and the local labor sector to
US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They
reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor
Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free
Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor
leaders
B bull Financial Analysis and Plan
The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current
year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for
complete details) The largest component of this total consists
of individual country programs which presently total 13
These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program
averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and
- 22 shy
$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate
a permanent in-country office including a resident US
representative The remainder consist of programs primarily
educational seminars and in some cases small social project
programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program
Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses
are in line with other AID contract representatives and could
not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of
allowances required by essentially all US citizens working
abroad
aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of
typical country program could be made only by eliminating the
US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two
reasons
1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its
financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)
which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with
labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country
where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis
to a large number of participants in educational programs who
are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy
ability
2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for
discussions of political matters with the Embassy which
frequently involve the use of classified information
-0 _11
Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a
nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis
However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt
AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in
the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where
designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning
purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that
It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish
that some will drop out but that others will be added so that
the total will remain roughly constant
which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work
to increase the average coat of in-country programs These
include
1 Inflation and
2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams
to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization
rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated
Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)
would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs
hold effects etc) 4444
- + ++ +
MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be
rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4
The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely
Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to
substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng
if + ++ if+ifif if
preussurea boen maintained to increase +
the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi
4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif
and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are
extremely limited in their resources They already contribute
in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM
However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are
reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future
- +
i
umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~
W9Um of tug
aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13
for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8
25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm
to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m
h1thfythgU V
amlo nf UWL mIam
Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000
toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse
toqeutioe sremI the
the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas
alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha
+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite
eeAbleof a mniut smestrat
+ ++++- + ++
- 22D -
Some country programs may drop out but others may be added
or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some
fashion since current staffing levels and administrative
costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated
It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset
the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at
this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response
by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe
the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and
81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time
23
C Social Analaysis
One of the major objectives of the program is to meet
the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life
with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of
economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components
of the labor force In order to realize progress certain
social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the
the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within
the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow
process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program
In many instances trade union organizations provide the
only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation
himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to
an improvement in his social well being The training of
leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly
with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with
small social impact projects provides the means whereby
attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to
the national level
It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity
labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining
economic and social benefits for their members This will be
reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work
and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will
- 24 shy
play in influencing the governments labor legislation and
its economic and social development programs Quantitative
data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained
in the country program matrices (eg membership social
services working conditions public influence governmental
relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases
but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with
any degree of validity
The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working
class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries
the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian
Union Development Services program which not only provides
for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the
development of cooperatives and the health field as well
The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis
participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of
women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal
pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs
During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses
included 16 women students while women students comprised
22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to
further improve this record
-- ---
- 25 -
One of the more important aspects of the program is that
it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a
significant number of low income people an opportunity to
seek improvement in their economic and social condition
through better representation and an opportunity to
participate in decisions affecting their working lives
D Economic Analysis
The nature of the labor develooment program as described
herein involves a mix of political social and economic
considerations and justifications It is difficult to
distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any
particular country at any given time let alone the region
as a whole
From the economic standzoint success in the project will
generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand
signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure
accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r
several of the country matries rcC_r _ns
will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments
but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level
which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable
reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues
payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations
and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the
- 26 shy
program and these too are not reliably reported Additional
amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE
obtained by the unions for their members and others through
collective bargaining but in this case we have the same
problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting
units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion
of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union
leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased
earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the
problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must
be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional
standpoint
- 27 -
PART IV
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements
1 Recipient
The American Institute for Free Labor Development
(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this
project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the
the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to
the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director
directs the development and implementation of programs and has
responsibility for the overall operation of the organization
The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible
directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies
and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the
Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and
monitor these programs on a continuing basis
Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director
in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD
is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity
of the program in country
The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and
administers the educational activities of the Institute and in
particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the
University Program and for providing technical services to the
- 28 shy
various country education programs The Front Royal Institute
provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably
be offered in individual countries The University Labor
Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified
young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university
level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of
labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the
Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links
the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -
Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American
The Department of Social Projects assists in the development
of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives
community projects and where appropriate housing projects
workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing
the importance of making credit available for local labor
organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a
Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this
field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this
nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in
establishing credit programs for workers)
The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of
Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and
Information Services
- 29 -
AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated
in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It
received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that
time it has received continuing support from AID and has
developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it
to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and
presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry
out the program under consideration
2 AID
Management of the project is centered in the Labor
Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and
Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau
of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through
designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches
or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project
The design and implementation of each of the Country programs
is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department
of State
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
20
PART III
PROJECT ANALYSIS
A Technical Analysis
This project is a follow-on to a project begun in 1962
which seeks to strengthen free trade union institutions in
Latin America and the Caribbean The American Institute for
the contractorFree Labor Development (AIFLD) will continue as
There is no alternate organization in the US which might
replace AIFLD AIFLD enjoys a unique relation to US labor
business and government and has developed staff organization
and expertise which make it uniquely well suited to carry out
the Latin American Free Labor Development Program
Since its inception in 1962 AIFLD has built up the
carry on a range ofinstitutional and facility base necessary to
labor education and social development activities throughout
the hemisphere supplemented by stateside training and other
support activities which have contributed to the existence and
effectiveness of free labor organizations in many countries of
Latin America The program consistSof training and to a lesser
The locales are classroomsextent social project development
and business meeting grounds Advanced technology is germane in
only a small minority of teaching situations Thus current
technology is considered appropriate for achieving the program
objectives
21
Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy
country activities in the field will continue generally along
presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis
on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social
projects and a heavy component of participant training
Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program
proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents
(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are
finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the
US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites
Programs also vary in each country from time to time
depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the
part of the host governments and the local labor sector to
US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They
reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor
Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free
Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor
leaders
B bull Financial Analysis and Plan
The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current
year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for
complete details) The largest component of this total consists
of individual country programs which presently total 13
These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program
averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and
- 22 shy
$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate
a permanent in-country office including a resident US
representative The remainder consist of programs primarily
educational seminars and in some cases small social project
programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program
Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses
are in line with other AID contract representatives and could
not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of
allowances required by essentially all US citizens working
abroad
aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of
typical country program could be made only by eliminating the
US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two
reasons
1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its
financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)
which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with
labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country
where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis
to a large number of participants in educational programs who
are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy
ability
2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for
discussions of political matters with the Embassy which
frequently involve the use of classified information
-0 _11
Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a
nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis
However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt
AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in
the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where
designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning
purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that
It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish
that some will drop out but that others will be added so that
the total will remain roughly constant
which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work
to increase the average coat of in-country programs These
include
1 Inflation and
2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams
to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization
rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated
Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)
would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs
hold effects etc) 4444
- + ++ +
MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be
rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4
The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely
Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to
substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng
if + ++ if+ifif if
preussurea boen maintained to increase +
the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi
4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif
and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are
extremely limited in their resources They already contribute
in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM
However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are
reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future
- +
i
umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~
W9Um of tug
aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13
for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8
25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm
to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m
h1thfythgU V
amlo nf UWL mIam
Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000
toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse
toqeutioe sremI the
the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas
alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha
+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite
eeAbleof a mniut smestrat
+ ++++- + ++
- 22D -
Some country programs may drop out but others may be added
or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some
fashion since current staffing levels and administrative
costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated
It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset
the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at
this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response
by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe
the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and
81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time
23
C Social Analaysis
One of the major objectives of the program is to meet
the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life
with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of
economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components
of the labor force In order to realize progress certain
social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the
the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within
the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow
process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program
In many instances trade union organizations provide the
only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation
himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to
an improvement in his social well being The training of
leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly
with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with
small social impact projects provides the means whereby
attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to
the national level
It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity
labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining
economic and social benefits for their members This will be
reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work
and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will
- 24 shy
play in influencing the governments labor legislation and
its economic and social development programs Quantitative
data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained
in the country program matrices (eg membership social
services working conditions public influence governmental
relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases
but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with
any degree of validity
The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working
class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries
the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian
Union Development Services program which not only provides
for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the
development of cooperatives and the health field as well
The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis
participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of
women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal
pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs
During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses
included 16 women students while women students comprised
22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to
further improve this record
-- ---
- 25 -
One of the more important aspects of the program is that
it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a
significant number of low income people an opportunity to
seek improvement in their economic and social condition
through better representation and an opportunity to
participate in decisions affecting their working lives
D Economic Analysis
The nature of the labor develooment program as described
herein involves a mix of political social and economic
considerations and justifications It is difficult to
distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any
particular country at any given time let alone the region
as a whole
From the economic standzoint success in the project will
generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand
signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure
accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r
several of the country matries rcC_r _ns
will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments
but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level
which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable
reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues
payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations
and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the
- 26 shy
program and these too are not reliably reported Additional
amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE
obtained by the unions for their members and others through
collective bargaining but in this case we have the same
problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting
units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion
of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union
leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased
earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the
problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must
be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional
standpoint
- 27 -
PART IV
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements
1 Recipient
The American Institute for Free Labor Development
(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this
project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the
the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to
the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director
directs the development and implementation of programs and has
responsibility for the overall operation of the organization
The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible
directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies
and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the
Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and
monitor these programs on a continuing basis
Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director
in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD
is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity
of the program in country
The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and
administers the educational activities of the Institute and in
particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the
University Program and for providing technical services to the
- 28 shy
various country education programs The Front Royal Institute
provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably
be offered in individual countries The University Labor
Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified
young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university
level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of
labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the
Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links
the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -
Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American
The Department of Social Projects assists in the development
of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives
community projects and where appropriate housing projects
workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing
the importance of making credit available for local labor
organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a
Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this
field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this
nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in
establishing credit programs for workers)
The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of
Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and
Information Services
- 29 -
AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated
in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It
received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that
time it has received continuing support from AID and has
developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it
to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and
presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry
out the program under consideration
2 AID
Management of the project is centered in the Labor
Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and
Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau
of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through
designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches
or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project
The design and implementation of each of the Country programs
is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department
of State
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
21
Under the current thrust of the regional programs inshy
country activities in the field will continue generally along
presently established lines that is with prinary emphasis
on educational programs and secondary emphasis on social
projects and a heavy component of participant training
Programs will vary somewhat between countries Program
proposals are developed through c6lntry- labor planning documents
(prepared in accordance with AID-supplied guidelines) and are
finally negotiated in AIDW to reflect the judgments of the
US country teams with regard to all AID-funded activites
Programs also vary in each country from time to time
depending on the degree of interest and receptivity on the
part of the host governments and the local labor sector to
US aid in general and to AIFLD in particular They
reflect changes in the balance of power between the Free Labor
Movement and other labor organizations and within the Free
Labor Movement itself as well as the alignments of top labor
leaders
B bull Financial Analysis and Plan
The total program level for AIFLD programs in the current
year FY 76 is $5772 million (see Annex three (3) for
complete details) The largest component of this total consists
of individual country programs which presently total 13
These account for $202 million A typical AIFLD country program
averages between $100000 and $200000 Between $60000 and
- 22 shy
$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate
a permanent in-country office including a resident US
representative The remainder consist of programs primarily
educational seminars and in some cases small social project
programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program
Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses
are in line with other AID contract representatives and could
not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of
allowances required by essentially all US citizens working
abroad
aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of
typical country program could be made only by eliminating the
US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two
reasons
1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its
financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)
which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with
labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country
where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis
to a large number of participants in educational programs who
are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy
ability
2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for
discussions of political matters with the Embassy which
frequently involve the use of classified information
-0 _11
Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a
nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis
However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt
AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in
the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where
designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning
purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that
It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish
that some will drop out but that others will be added so that
the total will remain roughly constant
which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work
to increase the average coat of in-country programs These
include
1 Inflation and
2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams
to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization
rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated
Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)
would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs
hold effects etc) 4444
- + ++ +
MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be
rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4
The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely
Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to
substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng
if + ++ if+ifif if
preussurea boen maintained to increase +
the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi
4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif
and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are
extremely limited in their resources They already contribute
in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM
However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are
reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future
- +
i
umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~
W9Um of tug
aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13
for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8
25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm
to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m
h1thfythgU V
amlo nf UWL mIam
Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000
toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse
toqeutioe sremI the
the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas
alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha
+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite
eeAbleof a mniut smestrat
+ ++++- + ++
- 22D -
Some country programs may drop out but others may be added
or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some
fashion since current staffing levels and administrative
costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated
It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset
the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at
this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response
by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe
the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and
81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time
23
C Social Analaysis
One of the major objectives of the program is to meet
the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life
with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of
economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components
of the labor force In order to realize progress certain
social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the
the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within
the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow
process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program
In many instances trade union organizations provide the
only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation
himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to
an improvement in his social well being The training of
leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly
with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with
small social impact projects provides the means whereby
attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to
the national level
It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity
labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining
economic and social benefits for their members This will be
reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work
and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will
- 24 shy
play in influencing the governments labor legislation and
its economic and social development programs Quantitative
data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained
in the country program matrices (eg membership social
services working conditions public influence governmental
relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases
but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with
any degree of validity
The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working
class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries
the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian
Union Development Services program which not only provides
for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the
development of cooperatives and the health field as well
The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis
participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of
women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal
pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs
During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses
included 16 women students while women students comprised
22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to
further improve this record
-- ---
- 25 -
One of the more important aspects of the program is that
it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a
significant number of low income people an opportunity to
seek improvement in their economic and social condition
through better representation and an opportunity to
participate in decisions affecting their working lives
D Economic Analysis
The nature of the labor develooment program as described
herein involves a mix of political social and economic
considerations and justifications It is difficult to
distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any
particular country at any given time let alone the region
as a whole
From the economic standzoint success in the project will
generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand
signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure
accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r
several of the country matries rcC_r _ns
will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments
but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level
which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable
reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues
payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations
and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the
- 26 shy
program and these too are not reliably reported Additional
amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE
obtained by the unions for their members and others through
collective bargaining but in this case we have the same
problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting
units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion
of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union
leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased
earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the
problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must
be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional
standpoint
- 27 -
PART IV
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements
1 Recipient
The American Institute for Free Labor Development
(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this
project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the
the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to
the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director
directs the development and implementation of programs and has
responsibility for the overall operation of the organization
The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible
directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies
and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the
Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and
monitor these programs on a continuing basis
Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director
in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD
is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity
of the program in country
The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and
administers the educational activities of the Institute and in
particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the
University Program and for providing technical services to the
- 28 shy
various country education programs The Front Royal Institute
provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably
be offered in individual countries The University Labor
Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified
young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university
level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of
labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the
Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links
the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -
Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American
The Department of Social Projects assists in the development
of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives
community projects and where appropriate housing projects
workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing
the importance of making credit available for local labor
organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a
Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this
field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this
nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in
establishing credit programs for workers)
The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of
Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and
Information Services
- 29 -
AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated
in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It
received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that
time it has received continuing support from AID and has
developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it
to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and
presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry
out the program under consideration
2 AID
Management of the project is centered in the Labor
Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and
Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau
of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through
designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches
or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project
The design and implementation of each of the Country programs
is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department
of State
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
- 22 shy
$100000 consist of the basic costs essential to operate
a permanent in-country office including a resident US
representative The remainder consist of programs primarily
educational seminars and in some cases small social project
programs The salary and benefits of the AIFLD Country Program
Director normally requires $50000 to $60000 these expenses
are in line with other AID contract representatives and could
not be substantially reduced without eliminating the types of
allowances required by essentially all US citizens working
abroad
aSubstantial reductions in the base operating budget of
typical country program could be made only by eliminating the
US citizen in charge This does not appear feasible for two
reasons
1 AIFLD relies upon the CPD to preserve its
financial integrity (ie support all costs with valid vouchers)
which is a difficult responsibility to carry out working with
labor leaders of not very high educational level in a country
where many small disbursements are made on a one-time basis
to a large number of participants in educational programs who
are not accustomed to USG-type financial review and accountshy
ability
2 A security-cleared US citizen is required for
discussions of political matters with the Embassy which
frequently involve the use of classified information
-0 _11
Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a
nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis
However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt
AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in
the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where
designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning
purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that
It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish
that some will drop out but that others will be added so that
the total will remain roughly constant
which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work
to increase the average coat of in-country programs These
include
1 Inflation and
2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams
to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization
rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated
Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)
would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs
hold effects etc) 4444
- + ++ +
MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be
rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4
The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely
Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to
substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng
if + ++ if+ifif if
preussurea boen maintained to increase +
the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi
4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif
and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are
extremely limited in their resources They already contribute
in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM
However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are
reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future
- +
i
umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~
W9Um of tug
aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13
for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8
25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm
to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m
h1thfythgU V
amlo nf UWL mIam
Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000
toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse
toqeutioe sremI the
the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas
alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha
+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite
eeAbleof a mniut smestrat
+ ++++- + ++
- 22D -
Some country programs may drop out but others may be added
or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some
fashion since current staffing levels and administrative
costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated
It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset
the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at
this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response
by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe
the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and
81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time
23
C Social Analaysis
One of the major objectives of the program is to meet
the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life
with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of
economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components
of the labor force In order to realize progress certain
social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the
the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within
the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow
process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program
In many instances trade union organizations provide the
only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation
himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to
an improvement in his social well being The training of
leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly
with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with
small social impact projects provides the means whereby
attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to
the national level
It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity
labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining
economic and social benefits for their members This will be
reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work
and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will
- 24 shy
play in influencing the governments labor legislation and
its economic and social development programs Quantitative
data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained
in the country program matrices (eg membership social
services working conditions public influence governmental
relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases
but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with
any degree of validity
The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working
class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries
the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian
Union Development Services program which not only provides
for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the
development of cooperatives and the health field as well
The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis
participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of
women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal
pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs
During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses
included 16 women students while women students comprised
22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to
further improve this record
-- ---
- 25 -
One of the more important aspects of the program is that
it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a
significant number of low income people an opportunity to
seek improvement in their economic and social condition
through better representation and an opportunity to
participate in decisions affecting their working lives
D Economic Analysis
The nature of the labor develooment program as described
herein involves a mix of political social and economic
considerations and justifications It is difficult to
distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any
particular country at any given time let alone the region
as a whole
From the economic standzoint success in the project will
generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand
signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure
accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r
several of the country matries rcC_r _ns
will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments
but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level
which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable
reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues
payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations
and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the
- 26 shy
program and these too are not reliably reported Additional
amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE
obtained by the unions for their members and others through
collective bargaining but in this case we have the same
problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting
units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion
of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union
leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased
earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the
problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must
be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional
standpoint
- 27 -
PART IV
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements
1 Recipient
The American Institute for Free Labor Development
(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this
project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the
the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to
the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director
directs the development and implementation of programs and has
responsibility for the overall operation of the organization
The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible
directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies
and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the
Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and
monitor these programs on a continuing basis
Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director
in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD
is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity
of the program in country
The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and
administers the educational activities of the Institute and in
particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the
University Program and for providing technical services to the
- 28 shy
various country education programs The Front Royal Institute
provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably
be offered in individual countries The University Labor
Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified
young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university
level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of
labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the
Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links
the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -
Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American
The Department of Social Projects assists in the development
of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives
community projects and where appropriate housing projects
workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing
the importance of making credit available for local labor
organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a
Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this
field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this
nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in
establishing credit programs for workers)
The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of
Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and
Information Services
- 29 -
AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated
in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It
received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that
time it has received continuing support from AID and has
developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it
to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and
presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry
out the program under consideration
2 AID
Management of the project is centered in the Labor
Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and
Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau
of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through
designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches
or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project
The design and implementation of each of the Country programs
is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department
of State
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
-0 _11
Some reductions over time are suggested by the phase auto Of a
nume of USbilateral AM plograms in Loatin American Cutis
However by recent policy decision Of the AID Aministrtt
AID may continue to authorise funding of in-country prorams in
the AM Assistant Secretary or hisphased-out countries where
designee cites a US foreign policy interests Vet planning
purposes therefore it does not seem prudent to assume that
It seems more likelythe numnber ofcountries will diminish
that some will drop out but that others will be added so that
the total will remain roughly constant
which would tendThere are other perceptible trends at work
to increase the average coat of in-country programs These
include
1 Inflation and
2 The increasing preference of US Country Teams
to have AIFLD operate in-country more as a private organization
rather than as a typical AID contractor (This was advocated
Where implemented thisby the AlexanderHammond report)
would involve the elimination of duty-free import privileges (of vehicles houseshywhich adds substantially to AIFLDs costs
hold effects etc) 4444
- + ++ +
MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be
rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4
The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely
Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to
substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng
if + ++ if+ifif if
preussurea boen maintained to increase +
the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi
4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif
and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are
extremely limited in their resources They already contribute
in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM
However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are
reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future
- +
i
umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~
W9Um of tug
aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13
for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8
25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm
to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m
h1thfythgU V
amlo nf UWL mIam
Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000
toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse
toqeutioe sremI the
the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas
alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha
+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite
eeAbleof a mniut smestrat
+ ++++- + ++
- 22D -
Some country programs may drop out but others may be added
or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some
fashion since current staffing levels and administrative
costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated
It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset
the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at
this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response
by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe
the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and
81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time
23
C Social Analaysis
One of the major objectives of the program is to meet
the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life
with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of
economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components
of the labor force In order to realize progress certain
social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the
the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within
the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow
process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program
In many instances trade union organizations provide the
only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation
himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to
an improvement in his social well being The training of
leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly
with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with
small social impact projects provides the means whereby
attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to
the national level
It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity
labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining
economic and social benefits for their members This will be
reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work
and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will
- 24 shy
play in influencing the governments labor legislation and
its economic and social development programs Quantitative
data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained
in the country program matrices (eg membership social
services working conditions public influence governmental
relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases
but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with
any degree of validity
The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working
class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries
the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian
Union Development Services program which not only provides
for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the
development of cooperatives and the health field as well
The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis
participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of
women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal
pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs
During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses
included 16 women students while women students comprised
22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to
further improve this record
-- ---
- 25 -
One of the more important aspects of the program is that
it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a
significant number of low income people an opportunity to
seek improvement in their economic and social condition
through better representation and an opportunity to
participate in decisions affecting their working lives
D Economic Analysis
The nature of the labor develooment program as described
herein involves a mix of political social and economic
considerations and justifications It is difficult to
distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any
particular country at any given time let alone the region
as a whole
From the economic standzoint success in the project will
generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand
signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure
accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r
several of the country matries rcC_r _ns
will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments
but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level
which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable
reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues
payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations
and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the
- 26 shy
program and these too are not reliably reported Additional
amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE
obtained by the unions for their members and others through
collective bargaining but in this case we have the same
problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting
units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion
of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union
leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased
earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the
problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must
be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional
standpoint
- 27 -
PART IV
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements
1 Recipient
The American Institute for Free Labor Development
(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this
project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the
the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to
the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director
directs the development and implementation of programs and has
responsibility for the overall operation of the organization
The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible
directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies
and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the
Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and
monitor these programs on a continuing basis
Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director
in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD
is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity
of the program in country
The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and
administers the educational activities of the Institute and in
particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the
University Program and for providing technical services to the
- 28 shy
various country education programs The Front Royal Institute
provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably
be offered in individual countries The University Labor
Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified
young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university
level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of
labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the
Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links
the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -
Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American
The Department of Social Projects assists in the development
of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives
community projects and where appropriate housing projects
workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing
the importance of making credit available for local labor
organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a
Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this
field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this
nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in
establishing credit programs for workers)
The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of
Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and
Information Services
- 29 -
AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated
in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It
received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that
time it has received continuing support from AID and has
developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it
to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and
presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry
out the program under consideration
2 AID
Management of the project is centered in the Labor
Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and
Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau
of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through
designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches
or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project
The design and implementation of each of the Country programs
is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department
of State
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
- + ++ +
MAUlbts161ft tuo s L I s IMa ss6UampiUW iOWA be
rhtft doesbaft amp351 OMi tDilWM pound511i isw2 mUW4
The peUnscost Caftu ben is as- VLhhMtM1 0 year a detaiWe review of AlL MagIjIm poundf1~w Potims we maide by a Joint jrotp from A= Aneit Coatwsa aid tA~IM staff uAd six of the eLot positims LdetteS as quetMaibI4 have ai~eedy been cut by AUTO ftxthex sbtatJAausto COU44 be made only if satire functioni ane out from the pnqpm wicho is very unlikely
Another sms to cut AIVW projusa costs woulA be to
substitute the inputs of Latin American cunterparts ampWme +C+fiiffi+i f+iffiprogress has already been made along these Uins and insreaslng
if + ++ if+ifif if
preussurea boen maintained to increase +
the amounts NoUmvero -+ +iff+ + C - iiifi~f It C kf f iffff fi
4--- if- -i+ ii+thepoetaisrltvlsmlTecutratuinf+if+i- ifi +f +iif
and particularly confederations with whom At=Z wrks are
extremely limited in their resources They already contribute
in-kind expenses such as physical facilities Wntructors aampM
However the cash costs of transportation and per diem teaching materials etc are simply beyond the capacities which are
reasonable to expect these trade unionists to have at any time in the foreseeable future
- +
i
umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~
W9Um of tug
aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13
for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8
25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm
to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m
h1thfythgU V
amlo nf UWL mIam
Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000
toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse
toqeutioe sremI the
the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas
alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha
+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite
eeAbleof a mniut smestrat
+ ++++- + ++
- 22D -
Some country programs may drop out but others may be added
or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some
fashion since current staffing levels and administrative
costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated
It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset
the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at
this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response
by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe
the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and
81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time
23
C Social Analaysis
One of the major objectives of the program is to meet
the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life
with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of
economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components
of the labor force In order to realize progress certain
social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the
the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within
the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow
process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program
In many instances trade union organizations provide the
only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation
himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to
an improvement in his social well being The training of
leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly
with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with
small social impact projects provides the means whereby
attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to
the national level
It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity
labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining
economic and social benefits for their members This will be
reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work
and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will
- 24 shy
play in influencing the governments labor legislation and
its economic and social development programs Quantitative
data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained
in the country program matrices (eg membership social
services working conditions public influence governmental
relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases
but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with
any degree of validity
The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working
class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries
the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian
Union Development Services program which not only provides
for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the
development of cooperatives and the health field as well
The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis
participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of
women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal
pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs
During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses
included 16 women students while women students comprised
22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to
further improve this record
-- ---
- 25 -
One of the more important aspects of the program is that
it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a
significant number of low income people an opportunity to
seek improvement in their economic and social condition
through better representation and an opportunity to
participate in decisions affecting their working lives
D Economic Analysis
The nature of the labor develooment program as described
herein involves a mix of political social and economic
considerations and justifications It is difficult to
distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any
particular country at any given time let alone the region
as a whole
From the economic standzoint success in the project will
generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand
signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure
accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r
several of the country matries rcC_r _ns
will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments
but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level
which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable
reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues
payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations
and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the
- 26 shy
program and these too are not reliably reported Additional
amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE
obtained by the unions for their members and others through
collective bargaining but in this case we have the same
problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting
units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion
of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union
leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased
earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the
problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must
be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional
standpoint
- 27 -
PART IV
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements
1 Recipient
The American Institute for Free Labor Development
(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this
project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the
the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to
the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director
directs the development and implementation of programs and has
responsibility for the overall operation of the organization
The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible
directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies
and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the
Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and
monitor these programs on a continuing basis
Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director
in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD
is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity
of the program in country
The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and
administers the educational activities of the Institute and in
particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the
University Program and for providing technical services to the
- 28 shy
various country education programs The Front Royal Institute
provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably
be offered in individual countries The University Labor
Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified
young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university
level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of
labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the
Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links
the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -
Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American
The Department of Social Projects assists in the development
of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives
community projects and where appropriate housing projects
workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing
the importance of making credit available for local labor
organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a
Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this
field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this
nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in
establishing credit programs for workers)
The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of
Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and
Information Services
- 29 -
AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated
in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It
received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that
time it has received continuing support from AID and has
developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it
to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and
presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry
out the program under consideration
2 AID
Management of the project is centered in the Labor
Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and
Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau
of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through
designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches
or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project
The design and implementation of each of the Country programs
is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department
of State
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
umes elmc JA tmaeU1prpmi m~
W9Um of tug
aexec S In14mfi oUkoy ta A-- om NampM Ipm Lao~t fort ad Lanoin the u to sove13
for -Mpe cu thetuse commI ofau8
25~mh~au~mbai= 00lis o te d towhm
to kWPrity prsutZitA Lh t ha t AMCO m
h1thfythgU V
amlo nf UWL mIam
Anagias am Themrelatie beell poaeuiui at$10000
toe =2 Pure iatn arpeMgyeu~Imya sente l ismsn gmpo um Cntelt of LsesSmvases t mseesee haimes alvl wil be reuse
toqeutioe sremI the
the oveallAW pnaLev laae pw Ifly too o meas
alo rae over th mueav ou +++duWeetha
+llthe oveall AWWprops evels pobsbli a+ ite
eeAbleof a mniut smestrat
+ ++++- + ++
- 22D -
Some country programs may drop out but others may be added
or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some
fashion since current staffing levels and administrative
costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated
It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset
the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at
this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response
by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe
the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and
81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time
23
C Social Analaysis
One of the major objectives of the program is to meet
the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life
with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of
economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components
of the labor force In order to realize progress certain
social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the
the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within
the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow
process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program
In many instances trade union organizations provide the
only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation
himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to
an improvement in his social well being The training of
leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly
with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with
small social impact projects provides the means whereby
attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to
the national level
It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity
labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining
economic and social benefits for their members This will be
reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work
and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will
- 24 shy
play in influencing the governments labor legislation and
its economic and social development programs Quantitative
data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained
in the country program matrices (eg membership social
services working conditions public influence governmental
relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases
but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with
any degree of validity
The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working
class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries
the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian
Union Development Services program which not only provides
for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the
development of cooperatives and the health field as well
The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis
participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of
women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal
pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs
During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses
included 16 women students while women students comprised
22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to
further improve this record
-- ---
- 25 -
One of the more important aspects of the program is that
it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a
significant number of low income people an opportunity to
seek improvement in their economic and social condition
through better representation and an opportunity to
participate in decisions affecting their working lives
D Economic Analysis
The nature of the labor develooment program as described
herein involves a mix of political social and economic
considerations and justifications It is difficult to
distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any
particular country at any given time let alone the region
as a whole
From the economic standzoint success in the project will
generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand
signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure
accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r
several of the country matries rcC_r _ns
will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments
but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level
which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable
reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues
payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations
and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the
- 26 shy
program and these too are not reliably reported Additional
amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE
obtained by the unions for their members and others through
collective bargaining but in this case we have the same
problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting
units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion
of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union
leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased
earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the
problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must
be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional
standpoint
- 27 -
PART IV
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements
1 Recipient
The American Institute for Free Labor Development
(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this
project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the
the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to
the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director
directs the development and implementation of programs and has
responsibility for the overall operation of the organization
The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible
directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies
and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the
Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and
monitor these programs on a continuing basis
Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director
in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD
is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity
of the program in country
The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and
administers the educational activities of the Institute and in
particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the
University Program and for providing technical services to the
- 28 shy
various country education programs The Front Royal Institute
provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably
be offered in individual countries The University Labor
Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified
young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university
level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of
labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the
Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links
the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -
Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American
The Department of Social Projects assists in the development
of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives
community projects and where appropriate housing projects
workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing
the importance of making credit available for local labor
organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a
Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this
field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this
nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in
establishing credit programs for workers)
The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of
Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and
Information Services
- 29 -
AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated
in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It
received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that
time it has received continuing support from AID and has
developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it
to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and
presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry
out the program under consideration
2 AID
Management of the project is centered in the Labor
Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and
Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau
of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through
designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches
or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project
The design and implementation of each of the Country programs
is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department
of State
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
- 22D -
Some country programs may drop out but others may be added
or expanded and the costs will have to be met in some
fashion since current staffing levels and administrative
costs have already been closely reviewed and negotiated
It is unlikely that sufficent savings can be made to offset
the overall trend The key swing program identifiable at
this time is the AUDS program a recent promising response
by AIFLD to AIDs priority pressures We therefore believe
the modest increases anticipated for the years 79 80 and
81 are the most realistic that can be foreseen at this time
23
C Social Analaysis
One of the major objectives of the program is to meet
the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life
with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of
economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components
of the labor force In order to realize progress certain
social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the
the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within
the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow
process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program
In many instances trade union organizations provide the
only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation
himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to
an improvement in his social well being The training of
leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly
with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with
small social impact projects provides the means whereby
attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to
the national level
It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity
labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining
economic and social benefits for their members This will be
reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work
and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will
- 24 shy
play in influencing the governments labor legislation and
its economic and social development programs Quantitative
data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained
in the country program matrices (eg membership social
services working conditions public influence governmental
relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases
but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with
any degree of validity
The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working
class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries
the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian
Union Development Services program which not only provides
for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the
development of cooperatives and the health field as well
The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis
participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of
women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal
pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs
During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses
included 16 women students while women students comprised
22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to
further improve this record
-- ---
- 25 -
One of the more important aspects of the program is that
it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a
significant number of low income people an opportunity to
seek improvement in their economic and social condition
through better representation and an opportunity to
participate in decisions affecting their working lives
D Economic Analysis
The nature of the labor develooment program as described
herein involves a mix of political social and economic
considerations and justifications It is difficult to
distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any
particular country at any given time let alone the region
as a whole
From the economic standzoint success in the project will
generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand
signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure
accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r
several of the country matries rcC_r _ns
will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments
but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level
which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable
reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues
payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations
and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the
- 26 shy
program and these too are not reliably reported Additional
amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE
obtained by the unions for their members and others through
collective bargaining but in this case we have the same
problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting
units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion
of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union
leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased
earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the
problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must
be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional
standpoint
- 27 -
PART IV
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements
1 Recipient
The American Institute for Free Labor Development
(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this
project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the
the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to
the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director
directs the development and implementation of programs and has
responsibility for the overall operation of the organization
The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible
directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies
and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the
Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and
monitor these programs on a continuing basis
Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director
in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD
is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity
of the program in country
The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and
administers the educational activities of the Institute and in
particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the
University Program and for providing technical services to the
- 28 shy
various country education programs The Front Royal Institute
provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably
be offered in individual countries The University Labor
Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified
young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university
level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of
labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the
Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links
the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -
Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American
The Department of Social Projects assists in the development
of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives
community projects and where appropriate housing projects
workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing
the importance of making credit available for local labor
organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a
Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this
field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this
nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in
establishing credit programs for workers)
The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of
Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and
Information Services
- 29 -
AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated
in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It
received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that
time it has received continuing support from AID and has
developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it
to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and
presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry
out the program under consideration
2 AID
Management of the project is centered in the Labor
Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and
Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau
of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through
designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches
or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project
The design and implementation of each of the Country programs
is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department
of State
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
23
C Social Analaysis
One of the major objectives of the program is to meet
the aspirations of workers and their families for a better life
with dignity and freedom and to help spread the benefits of
economic progress among the wage and salary-earning components
of the labor force In order to realize progress certain
social and attitudinal changes must be effected not only among in the
the workers and their families butsociety as a whole within
the country where programs are undertaken This can be a slow
process but remains the underlying theme of the entire program
In many instances trade union organizations provide the
only means whereby the low income worker can effectively assert in participation
himself and gain the recognitionwhich will eventually lead to
an improvement in his social well being The training of
leadership at all levels and particularly those who deal directly
with the workers remains a high priority This coupled with
small social impact projects provides the means whereby
attitudinal changes may be realized (albeit slowly) even up to
the national level
It can be anticipated thatwith increasing regularity
labor unions will play a more effective role in attaining
economic and social benefits for their members This will be
reflected in improvements in working conditions hours of work
and levels of pay Just asiprtantwill be the role labor will
- 24 shy
play in influencing the governments labor legislation and
its economic and social development programs Quantitative
data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained
in the country program matrices (eg membership social
services working conditions public influence governmental
relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases
but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with
any degree of validity
The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working
class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries
the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian
Union Development Services program which not only provides
for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the
development of cooperatives and the health field as well
The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis
participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of
women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal
pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs
During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses
included 16 women students while women students comprised
22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to
further improve this record
-- ---
- 25 -
One of the more important aspects of the program is that
it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a
significant number of low income people an opportunity to
seek improvement in their economic and social condition
through better representation and an opportunity to
participate in decisions affecting their working lives
D Economic Analysis
The nature of the labor develooment program as described
herein involves a mix of political social and economic
considerations and justifications It is difficult to
distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any
particular country at any given time let alone the region
as a whole
From the economic standzoint success in the project will
generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand
signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure
accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r
several of the country matries rcC_r _ns
will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments
but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level
which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable
reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues
payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations
and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the
- 26 shy
program and these too are not reliably reported Additional
amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE
obtained by the unions for their members and others through
collective bargaining but in this case we have the same
problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting
units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion
of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union
leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased
earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the
problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must
be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional
standpoint
- 27 -
PART IV
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements
1 Recipient
The American Institute for Free Labor Development
(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this
project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the
the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to
the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director
directs the development and implementation of programs and has
responsibility for the overall operation of the organization
The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible
directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies
and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the
Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and
monitor these programs on a continuing basis
Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director
in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD
is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity
of the program in country
The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and
administers the educational activities of the Institute and in
particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the
University Program and for providing technical services to the
- 28 shy
various country education programs The Front Royal Institute
provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably
be offered in individual countries The University Labor
Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified
young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university
level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of
labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the
Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links
the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -
Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American
The Department of Social Projects assists in the development
of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives
community projects and where appropriate housing projects
workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing
the importance of making credit available for local labor
organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a
Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this
field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this
nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in
establishing credit programs for workers)
The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of
Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and
Information Services
- 29 -
AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated
in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It
received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that
time it has received continuing support from AID and has
developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it
to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and
presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry
out the program under consideration
2 AID
Management of the project is centered in the Labor
Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and
Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau
of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through
designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches
or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project
The design and implementation of each of the Country programs
is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department
of State
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
- 24 shy
play in influencing the governments labor legislation and
its economic and social development programs Quantitative
data on indicators relevant to social analysis are contained
in the country program matrices (eg membership social
services working conditions public influence governmental
relations etc) These provide useful analyses in some cases
but they cannot be aggregated to the hemisphere level with
any degree of validity
The AIFLD program is designed to benefit the working
class - both urban and rural In appropriate countries
the latter will receive special attention through the Agrarian
Union Development Services program which not only provides
for training of campesino leaders but assistance in the
development of cooperatives and the health field as well
The role of women in the labor program is given special emphasis
participation of women is encouraged to insure integration of
women into the labor force and to encourage provision for equal
pay for equal work and inclusion in skills training programs
During the period 1971 to 1975 the Front Royal training courses
included 16 women students while women students comprised
22 of those attending field programs efforts will be made to
further improve this record
-- ---
- 25 -
One of the more important aspects of the program is that
it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a
significant number of low income people an opportunity to
seek improvement in their economic and social condition
through better representation and an opportunity to
participate in decisions affecting their working lives
D Economic Analysis
The nature of the labor develooment program as described
herein involves a mix of political social and economic
considerations and justifications It is difficult to
distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any
particular country at any given time let alone the region
as a whole
From the economic standzoint success in the project will
generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand
signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure
accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r
several of the country matries rcC_r _ns
will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments
but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level
which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable
reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues
payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations
and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the
- 26 shy
program and these too are not reliably reported Additional
amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE
obtained by the unions for their members and others through
collective bargaining but in this case we have the same
problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting
units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion
of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union
leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased
earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the
problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must
be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional
standpoint
- 27 -
PART IV
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements
1 Recipient
The American Institute for Free Labor Development
(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this
project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the
the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to
the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director
directs the development and implementation of programs and has
responsibility for the overall operation of the organization
The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible
directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies
and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the
Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and
monitor these programs on a continuing basis
Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director
in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD
is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity
of the program in country
The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and
administers the educational activities of the Institute and in
particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the
University Program and for providing technical services to the
- 28 shy
various country education programs The Front Royal Institute
provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably
be offered in individual countries The University Labor
Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified
young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university
level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of
labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the
Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links
the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -
Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American
The Department of Social Projects assists in the development
of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives
community projects and where appropriate housing projects
workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing
the importance of making credit available for local labor
organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a
Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this
field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this
nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in
establishing credit programs for workers)
The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of
Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and
Information Services
- 29 -
AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated
in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It
received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that
time it has received continuing support from AID and has
developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it
to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and
presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry
out the program under consideration
2 AID
Management of the project is centered in the Labor
Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and
Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau
of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through
designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches
or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project
The design and implementation of each of the Country programs
is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department
of State
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
-- ---
- 25 -
One of the more important aspects of the program is that
it deals directly with basic human rights it provides a
significant number of low income people an opportunity to
seek improvement in their economic and social condition
through better representation and an opportunity to
participate in decisions affecting their working lives
D Economic Analysis
The nature of the labor develooment program as described
herein involves a mix of political social and economic
considerations and justifications It is difficult to
distinguish which of these factors might predominate in any
particular country at any given time let alone the region
as a whole
From the economic standzoint success in the project will
generate some benefits fcr its ec rIt3 bu -e a sand
signif -ance wil-- ver-- i---o cessilnz Measure
accurate This il the items -n _zsis strate__ r
several of the country matries rcC_r _ns
will collect more dues lbe in re a small increments
but most of the payents will be made onla t the -Ccal level
which involves thcusands of Iccal uni ns and erynr iable
reporting methods Relatively small pcrtions of the dues
payments flow upwards through assessments to the federations
and confederations which are AIFLDs working counterparts in the
- 26 shy
program and these too are not reliably reported Additional
amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE
obtained by the unions for their members and others through
collective bargaining but in this case we have the same
problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting
units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion
of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union
leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased
earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the
problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must
be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional
standpoint
- 27 -
PART IV
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements
1 Recipient
The American Institute for Free Labor Development
(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this
project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the
the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to
the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director
directs the development and implementation of programs and has
responsibility for the overall operation of the organization
The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible
directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies
and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the
Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and
monitor these programs on a continuing basis
Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director
in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD
is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity
of the program in country
The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and
administers the educational activities of the Institute and in
particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the
University Program and for providing technical services to the
- 28 shy
various country education programs The Front Royal Institute
provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably
be offered in individual countries The University Labor
Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified
young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university
level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of
labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the
Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links
the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -
Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American
The Department of Social Projects assists in the development
of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives
community projects and where appropriate housing projects
workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing
the importance of making credit available for local labor
organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a
Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this
field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this
nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in
establishing credit programs for workers)
The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of
Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and
Information Services
- 29 -
AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated
in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It
received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that
time it has received continuing support from AID and has
developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it
to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and
presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry
out the program under consideration
2 AID
Management of the project is centered in the Labor
Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and
Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau
of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through
designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches
or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project
The design and implementation of each of the Country programs
is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department
of State
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
- 26 shy
program and these too are not reliably reported Additional
amounts will also be generated through increased wages and salariE
obtained by the unions for their members and others through
collective bargaining but in this case we have the same
problems of unreliable reporting by large number of reporting
units plus the added problem of attribution (ie what portion
of the increases are due to AIFLDs training of the union
leadership) Some of the country matrixes do use increased
earnings as an progress indicator but in view of the
problems cited above the benefits of economic analysis must
be viewed as very limited on this project from a regional
standpoint
- 27 -
PART IV
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements
1 Recipient
The American Institute for Free Labor Development
(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this
project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the
the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to
the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director
directs the development and implementation of programs and has
responsibility for the overall operation of the organization
The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible
directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies
and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the
Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and
monitor these programs on a continuing basis
Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director
in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD
is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity
of the program in country
The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and
administers the educational activities of the Institute and in
particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the
University Program and for providing technical services to the
- 28 shy
various country education programs The Front Royal Institute
provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably
be offered in individual countries The University Labor
Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified
young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university
level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of
labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the
Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links
the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -
Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American
The Department of Social Projects assists in the development
of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives
community projects and where appropriate housing projects
workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing
the importance of making credit available for local labor
organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a
Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this
field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this
nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in
establishing credit programs for workers)
The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of
Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and
Information Services
- 29 -
AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated
in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It
received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that
time it has received continuing support from AID and has
developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it
to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and
presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry
out the program under consideration
2 AID
Management of the project is centered in the Labor
Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and
Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau
of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through
designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches
or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project
The design and implementation of each of the Country programs
is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department
of State
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
- 27 -
PART IV
IMPLEMENTATION ARRANGEMENTS
A Analysis of the Recipients and AIDs Administrative Arrangements
1 Recipient
The American Institute for Free Labor Development
(AIFLD) will be the basic implementing organization for this
project The Executive Director is the principal officer of the
the board of Trustees WithInstitute and reports directly to
the approval of the Board of Trustees the Executive Director
directs the development and implementation of programs and has
responsibility for the overall operation of the organization
The Regional Office of AIFLDW is responsible
directly to the Executive Officer implementing all policies
and executing all programs A staff of program officers in the
Regional Office provides backup support for field programs and
monitor these programs on a continuing basis
Us AIFLD maintains an AmericanCountry Program Director
in each country which has an AIFLD Country Program this CPD
is responsible for the implementation and financial integrity
of the program in country
The AIFLDW Department of Education directs and
administers the educational activities of the Institute and in
particular is responsible for the Front Royal Institute the
University Program and for providing technical services to the
- 28 shy
various country education programs The Front Royal Institute
provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably
be offered in individual countries The University Labor
Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified
young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university
level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of
labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the
Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links
the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -
Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American
The Department of Social Projects assists in the development
of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives
community projects and where appropriate housing projects
workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing
the importance of making credit available for local labor
organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a
Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this
field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this
nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in
establishing credit programs for workers)
The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of
Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and
Information Services
- 29 -
AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated
in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It
received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that
time it has received continuing support from AID and has
developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it
to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and
presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry
out the program under consideration
2 AID
Management of the project is centered in the Labor
Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and
Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau
of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through
designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches
or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project
The design and implementation of each of the Country programs
is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department
of State
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
- 28 shy
various country education programs The Front Royal Institute
provides advanced trade union education which cannot practicably
be offered in individual countries The University Labor
Studies Program provides an opportunity for a few highly qualified
young Latin American trade union leaders to acquire university
level training in Spanish geared to the specialized field of
labor The AIFLD joins in sponsoring the program with the
Cconsortium Committee on Latin American Studies which links
the Latin American programs of five Washington area universities -
Georgetown George Washington Howard Catholic and American
The Department of Social Projects assists in the development
of projects which deal with nutrition health cooperatives
community projects and where appropriate housing projects
workers banks and savings and loan institutions (Recognizing
the importance of making credit available for local labor
organization projects AIFLD has recently been granted a
Development Program Grant to increase its competence in this
field and to expand its ability to initiate more programs of this
nature Under this DPG particular emphasis will be placed in
establishing credit programs for workers)
The other departments and offices of AIFLDW consist of
Finance amp Budgeting Administration and Personnel Services and
Information Services
- 29 -
AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated
in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It
received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that
time it has received continuing support from AID and has
developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it
to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and
presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry
out the program under consideration
2 AID
Management of the project is centered in the Labor
Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and
Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau
of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through
designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches
or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project
The design and implementation of each of the Country programs
is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department
of State
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
- 29 -
AIFLD an affiliate of the AFL-CIO was incorporated
in Delaware in 1961 as a private nonprofit organization It
received its first financing from the USG in 1972 Since that
time it has received continuing support from AID and has
developed organizational skills and expertise which enable it
to carry out programs of labor development in Latin America
and the Caribbean It is unique in its field of endeavour and
presents the single organization adequately equipped to carry
out the program under consideration
2 AID
Management of the project is centered in the Labor
Programs Office of the Office of Multilateral Coordination and
Regional Social Development Programs of the Latin American Bureau
of AID (LAMRSDL) USAIDMissions andor Embassies through
designated Project Support Officers (frequently labor attaches
or reporting officers) assist in the management of the project
The design and implementation of each of the Country programs
is a collaborative affair involving AIFLD AID and the Department
of State
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
- 30 -
B Implementation Plan - Chronological Narrative
February 1977 PP Approved
March 1977 PIOT Issued
March 1977 ContractExtension Signed
January 1980 Formal Program Revuiew
Funding for the continuance of the project is renewed
annually AID support for this project must remain flexible
during the ensuing years in order to recognize the constantly
changing political economic and social factors in the various
recipient countries which bear directly upon the achievement
of the goal and purpose of the regional project An examination
of the country program matrices which are appended to this
Project Paper will show that there is considerable variance
in the pace of progress presently anticipated Self-sufficiency
in funding by local unions ranges from years 1980 to 1977 It is
therefore necessary to retain maximum flexibility in program
design permitting changes to be made (eg countries or ITSs
dropped or added program levels changed etc) to reflect the
reality of local and regional situations
C Evaluation Arrangements for the Project
The evaluation of this project will be on a regular basis
AIFLD will submit semi-annually a report reflecting the status
of achievement on the indicators for each of the country and
regional programs In addition field missions of USAID in
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
- 31 shy
conjunction with the PSO (normally the Department of State Labor
Attaches) will prepare a PAR on an annual basis The reports
and the PARs will be reviewed by AIDW
Factors to be considered during the evaluation of this
project will utilize both quantitative and qualitative elements
During the life of the project it is likely that indicators
of progress noted in the attached matrices will have to be
changed to reflect more accurately the conditions and prospects
in a particular country or region
The annual evaluation and review of the project will
determine the next years funding levels of the various components
of this project At the conclusion of the third year of this
project a more thorough and cornrehiensive review will be made
Participants in this review may in all likelihood include
contract evaluation personnel
D Conclusions Covenants and Negotiating Status
The regional contract and the two grants which together
cover the entire program will be negotiated with AIFLD upon
approval of this project Paper to conform with the contents
of this paper
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
ANNEX - 1
COUNTRY MATRICES
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
ANNEX shy 2
INTERNATIONAL TRADE SECRETARIATS (Union-to-Union Program)
Participating Unions
American Federation of Teachers - AFT
American Federation of Television and Radio Artists - AFTRA
Brotherhood of Railway Airlines Steamship Clerks Freight Handlers Express and Station Employers - BRAC
Communications Workers of America - CWA
Glass Bcttle Blowers Associaiton - GBBA
Retail Clerks International Associaition - RCIA
Textile Workers Union of America - TWUA
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
ANNEX 3
AID SUPPORT OF AIFLD PROGRAMS
AIFLD COUNTRY PROGRAMS
($000)
FY 1976 Estimated Actual FY 1977
Estimated FY 1978
Bolivia ---------------------Brazil Chile Colombia Costa Rica- ----Dominican Republic Ecuador Guatemala Honduras ----
Nicaragua Panama Paraguay Uruguay Other countries (eg
----------
------ ---- --- - ------
---
El Salvador Peru etc
$ 140 290 137 183
-108
181 170 100 193 108 130 100 180
$ 125 200 130 160 120 218 180 100 201 120 125 100 160 160
TOTAL COUNTRY PROGRAMS $2020 $2099 $2099
AIFLD REGIONAL PROGRAMS
Agrarian Unions Caribbean ROCAP (Central America and Panama) Union-to-Union (International Trade Secretariats)
$ 210 240 200 731
$ 320 210 175 725
$ 385 210 175 725
TOTAL REGIONAL PROGRAMS $1381 $1430 $1495
HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT
Headquarters Programs ---------------------Headquarters Staff Support ------- -------------
$ 856 1515
$ 860 1471
$ 860 1471
TOTAL HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT $2371 $2331
TOTAL PROGRAM LEVEL (AID - Funded)
$5772 $5860 $5925
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
+ + lll +++++
4 s44 + l ~ 4 5474 s o
I + + + i +i ++)++ 444 44 4gt t++I + m444 ++
oraTonract $ 47 $00
4 4 4+++44444+4 +
7P -111 - L
gt444 4444444444444444++++ii4 44 4444 +t++44
444444+ 444444444444
4444444444 44444444gt444
O iHT8_O1FUNDING CO flO---shy
lt4444
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
L4
uC4
S0
0
0 0
9i0IC)
04J
E
u A44
044J~4
r w
a)04
NW
I 1-
0 0
4J U
gt u
04 J
0 r
4J 041 040
4J w
Q
)I $4
M W
-0
0 H
H
u0 -r
i z
00 W
u
04
H
n co
M
P-N
M
41 1
1
Ii
0 R
Na
lot 1~i
oil
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m
4
14s
7V
A
VA
~~
i
TI
A
~
~~~~
~~~~
~tM
R-
jib
so
AtA
II$
Is
0
4t
a
mo
00w
ow
W
~I~J
NNI
I _
__
lo
~J66
Aaw
m
CA
C
shy
m
bs
I
2m