wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future OutlookEnergy Future Outlook Importance of Renewable Biomass Energy Importance of Renewable Biomass Energy

and Bio-Energy Researchand Bio-Energy Research

Prof M KosticProf M KosticMechanical EngineeringNORTHERN ILLINOIS UNIVERSITY

NIU amp Growth Dimensions AgTech Initiative NIU amp Growth Dimensions AgTech Initiative Future of Energy and AgricultureFuture of Energy and AgricultureBelvidere IL April 27 2005Belvidere IL April 27 2005

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future Outlook Importance of Renewable Biomass Energy Importance of Renewable Biomass Energy

and Bio-Energy Researchand Bio-Energy Research

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

USA about 03 billion USA about 03 billion 12000 Wattp12000 Wattp1500 W1500 Wel el pp

World over 6 billionWorld over 6 billion2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Wel el pp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

The two things are certain The two things are certain

bull (1)(1) the the world populationworld population and and their living-standard expectations their living-standard expectations will will substantially increasesubstantially increase((over 6 billion people now over 6 billion people now in 50 years 10-11 billion - energy in 50 years 10-11 billion - energy may doublemay double) )

bull (2)(2) fossil fuelsrsquo economical reservesfossil fuelsrsquo economical reserves particularly oil and natural gas particularly oil and natural gas will will substantially decreasesubstantially decrease((oil oil may run outmay run out in 30-50 years in 30-50 years) )

wwwkosticniuedu

Population amp Energy Population amp Energy Unrestricted Exponential GrowthUnrestricted Exponential Growth

bull About one million years ago our About one million years ago our own species own species homo sapienshomo sapiens first first appeared appeared strived most of the strived most of the historyhistory and boomed with and boomed with agricultural and industrial agricultural and industrial revolution We are revolution We are over 6 billion over 6 billion nownow

bull Standard of living and energy use Standard of living and energy use have been growinghave been growing almost almost exponentially due to abundance of exponentially due to abundance of resourcesresources

bull The The growth will be naturally growth will be naturally restrictedrestricted with overpopulation with overpopulation and resource depletion as we and resource depletion as we know itknow it

Time in history

Population in millions

Most of BC

history

10due to

hardship

AD 1 300

1750 760

1800 1000

1950 2500

2000 6000

wwwkosticniuedu

Earth Energy BalanceEarth Energy Balancebull All energy to Earth surface is 9998 solar

002 geothermal and 0002 tidal-gravitationalbull About 13 TW world energy consumption rate now

(0007 of solar striking Earth) is about 7 times smaller than global photosynthesis (all life) the latter is only 005 of total solar and global atmospheric water and wind are about 1 of solar

Source Basic Research Needs To Assure A Secure Energy Future ORNL Report 2003

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

The challenges facing ushellip

Economic Competitiveness

Environmental Pollution

Growing Petroleum Consumption

wwwkosticniuedu

02468

101214161820

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Sou

rce

EIA

Ann

ual E

nerg

y O

utlo

ok 2

002

DO

EE

IA-0

383(

2002

) D

ec 2

001

Automobiles

Light Trucks

Heavy Trucks

AirDomestic Production

ProjectedActual

Million barrels per day

Pa

ss

en

ge

r V

eh

icle

s

Shipping

Rail

Off-Road

Military

bull Transportation accounts for 23 of the 20 million barrels of oil our nation uses each day

bull The US imports 55 of its oil expected to grow to 68 by 2025 under the status quo

bull Nearly all of our cars and trucks currently run on either gasoline or diesel fuel

Oil consumption by US transportation continues to grow

wwwkosticniuedu

Source DOEEIA International Petroleum Statistics Reports April 1999 DOEEIA 0520 International Energy Annual 1997 DOEEIA0219(97) February 1999

0 20 40 60 80 100

Rest ofWorld

OPEC

US

Percentage of Total

Consumption

Production

Reserves2

1226

741

77

6747

21

Major fraction of the worldrsquos oil reserves is in the OPEC countries

wwwkosticniuedu

Source OTT Analytic Team

World automobile populationis expected to grow substantially

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

55

I ndustrialized Developing World

Bil

lio

ns

of

Ve

hic

les

19962050

wwwkosticniuedu

World Energy Use

0

10

20

30

40

50

World Fuel Mix 2001oil

gas coal

nuclrenew

EIA Intl Energy Outlook 2004

85 fossil

2100 46 TW 2050 30 TW Hoffert et al Nature 395 8831998

000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1970 1990 2010 2030

TW

-yrs

World Energy Demand

total

industrial

developing US

eefsu

1 TWyr=3156 EJ=589 bbl

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Challenges Supply

find alternate sourcesnuclear

renewable

EIA httptontoeiadoegovFTPROOTpresentationslong_term_supplyindexhtm

1900 1950 2000 2050 2100

bblyr

10

20

30

40

50World Oil

Production2016

2037

2 demand growth

ultimate recovery 3000 bbl

Hubbertrsquos Peakwhen will production

peak

Oil 30-50 yrsgas beyond oilcoal gt 200 yrs

production peaksupply falls short

of demandoil becomes precious

price increasesglobal tension

Distinguish between ldquoEstimatedrdquo (above) and ldquoProvenrdquo reserves (next slide)

1 TWyr = 3156 EJ = 589 bbl

wwwkosticniuedu

World now World now 13 TWyr yr 13 TWyr yr 410 EJyr 410 EJyr

About 88 years About 88 years 60 coal 60 coal 14 oil 14 oil

and 14 gasand 14 gas

Distinguish between ldquoProvenrdquo (above) and ldquoEstimatedrdquo reserves

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Challenges LocalRegional Pollutionthe six principal air

pollutants(not including CO2)

origin secondary effect

hazard

SOx impurities in fuel acid rainparticilate

s

health crops

corrosion

NOx high T combustion

in air

particulates

ozone acid rain

health

CO incomplete combustion

health reduced

O2 delivery

Particulates

combustionsunlight + NOxSOx

health

Pb chemical industry

health

ground ozone

sunlight + NOx + organics

respiratoryvegetation pollution zones near sources

urban areas power plants

acid rain

wwwkosticniuedu

So what are we going to doSo what are we going to do

wwwkosticniuedu

The energy ldquodifficultiesrdquo hellipThe energy ldquodifficultiesrdquo hellip

bull (1)(1) will be will be more challengingmore challenging than what we anticipate nowthan what we anticipate now

bull (2)(2) NO traditional solutionsNO traditional solutions

bull (3)(3) NewNew knowledge new technology knowledge new technologyand and new living habits and expectationsnew living habits and expectationswill be neededwill be needed

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip bull The The renewable biomass energyrenewable biomass energy (BM) and (BM) and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbons (SynHC) will be will be very important if not criticalvery important if not critical for substitution of fossil fuelshellipfor substitution of fossil fuelshellip

bull hellip hellip since they are since they are natural extensions of fossil fuels the of fossil fuels the existing existing energy infrastructureenergy infrastructure could be could be easily adaptedeasily adapted

bull global global CO2 emission will be balanced during during renewable biomass production renewable biomass production

bull BMampSynHC particularly BMampSynHC particularly promising for for energy storageenergy storage and use in and use in transportationtransportation to replace fossil fuels to replace fossil fuels

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

hellip hellip especially considering the especially considering the Hydrogen factsHydrogen facts

bull (1)(1) hydrogen does not exist in nature as primary energy sourceas primary energy source

bull (2)(2) hydrogen production (from hydrocarbons or water) (from hydrocarbons or water) is is energy inefficient (always net-negative(always net-negative energy storage only) energy storage only)

bull (3)(3) hydrogen storage and distribution are facing are facing a a host of problems that cannot be economically that cannot be economically resolved with present state of knowledge resolved with present state of knowledge

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

Instead of going Instead of going lsquoagainstrsquo the naturelsquoagainstrsquo the nature with with hydrogenhydrogen hellip hellip

HH H-HH-H H-C-hellipH-C-hellip

HH

hellip hellip we should we should go lsquogo lsquoalongrsquo with naturersquo with nature with with biomassbiomass energy and energy and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbonssynthetic hydro-carbons

wwwkosticniuedu

George CrabtreeGeorge Crabtree

Senior Scientist and Director

Materials Science Division

Northern Illinois University

November 5 2004

The Hydrogen EconomyThe Hydrogen EconomyChallenges and Opportunities

A US Department of EnergyOffice of Science LaboratoryOperated by The University of Chicago

Argonne National Laboratory

US Department of Energy

the hydrogen economy requires breakthrough basic research

to find new materials and processesincremental advances in the present state of

the art will not meet the challenge

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

about 20efficiency

about 75efficiency

about 50efficiency

about 33efficiency

wwwkosticniuedu

46 of 6=28 28

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Waste

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Biorefinery SummaryBiomass and Biorefinery Summary

bull Biomass is the Biomass is the only sustainable sourceonly sustainable source of of hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals and plasticsand plastics

bull LargeLarge national and world-wide biomass national and world-wide biomass resource baseresource base

bull Reduction of greenhouse gasReduction of greenhouse gas emissions emissions

bull Will diversify and reinvigorate Will diversify and reinvigorate rural economyrural economy

bull Bio-refineries utilize residueBio-refineries utilize residue from existing industryfrom existing industry

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future OutlookEnergy Future Outlookhellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo hellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo

abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) the following energy future outlook is possiblehellipthe following energy future outlook is possiblehellip

1 Creative adaptation and innovations with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuelsrsquo era)

2 Intelligent hi-tech local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste improve efficiency and quality of environment and life)

3 Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs

4 Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale (to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency)

5 Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials particularly in industry (also in transportation commercial and residential sectors)

6 Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy transportation and chemicals)

7 Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels advanced batteries hydrogenhellip)

8 Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gaphellip)

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future Outlook Importance of Renewable Biomass Energy Importance of Renewable Biomass Energy

and Bio-Energy Researchand Bio-Energy Research

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

USA about 03 billion USA about 03 billion 12000 Wattp12000 Wattp1500 W1500 Wel el pp

World over 6 billionWorld over 6 billion2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Wel el pp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

The two things are certain The two things are certain

bull (1)(1) the the world populationworld population and and their living-standard expectations their living-standard expectations will will substantially increasesubstantially increase((over 6 billion people now over 6 billion people now in 50 years 10-11 billion - energy in 50 years 10-11 billion - energy may doublemay double) )

bull (2)(2) fossil fuelsrsquo economical reservesfossil fuelsrsquo economical reserves particularly oil and natural gas particularly oil and natural gas will will substantially decreasesubstantially decrease((oil oil may run outmay run out in 30-50 years in 30-50 years) )

wwwkosticniuedu

Population amp Energy Population amp Energy Unrestricted Exponential GrowthUnrestricted Exponential Growth

bull About one million years ago our About one million years ago our own species own species homo sapienshomo sapiens first first appeared appeared strived most of the strived most of the historyhistory and boomed with and boomed with agricultural and industrial agricultural and industrial revolution We are revolution We are over 6 billion over 6 billion nownow

bull Standard of living and energy use Standard of living and energy use have been growinghave been growing almost almost exponentially due to abundance of exponentially due to abundance of resourcesresources

bull The The growth will be naturally growth will be naturally restrictedrestricted with overpopulation with overpopulation and resource depletion as we and resource depletion as we know itknow it

Time in history

Population in millions

Most of BC

history

10due to

hardship

AD 1 300

1750 760

1800 1000

1950 2500

2000 6000

wwwkosticniuedu

Earth Energy BalanceEarth Energy Balancebull All energy to Earth surface is 9998 solar

002 geothermal and 0002 tidal-gravitationalbull About 13 TW world energy consumption rate now

(0007 of solar striking Earth) is about 7 times smaller than global photosynthesis (all life) the latter is only 005 of total solar and global atmospheric water and wind are about 1 of solar

Source Basic Research Needs To Assure A Secure Energy Future ORNL Report 2003

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

The challenges facing ushellip

Economic Competitiveness

Environmental Pollution

Growing Petroleum Consumption

wwwkosticniuedu

02468

101214161820

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Sou

rce

EIA

Ann

ual E

nerg

y O

utlo

ok 2

002

DO

EE

IA-0

383(

2002

) D

ec 2

001

Automobiles

Light Trucks

Heavy Trucks

AirDomestic Production

ProjectedActual

Million barrels per day

Pa

ss

en

ge

r V

eh

icle

s

Shipping

Rail

Off-Road

Military

bull Transportation accounts for 23 of the 20 million barrels of oil our nation uses each day

bull The US imports 55 of its oil expected to grow to 68 by 2025 under the status quo

bull Nearly all of our cars and trucks currently run on either gasoline or diesel fuel

Oil consumption by US transportation continues to grow

wwwkosticniuedu

Source DOEEIA International Petroleum Statistics Reports April 1999 DOEEIA 0520 International Energy Annual 1997 DOEEIA0219(97) February 1999

0 20 40 60 80 100

Rest ofWorld

OPEC

US

Percentage of Total

Consumption

Production

Reserves2

1226

741

77

6747

21

Major fraction of the worldrsquos oil reserves is in the OPEC countries

wwwkosticniuedu

Source OTT Analytic Team

World automobile populationis expected to grow substantially

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

55

I ndustrialized Developing World

Bil

lio

ns

of

Ve

hic

les

19962050

wwwkosticniuedu

World Energy Use

0

10

20

30

40

50

World Fuel Mix 2001oil

gas coal

nuclrenew

EIA Intl Energy Outlook 2004

85 fossil

2100 46 TW 2050 30 TW Hoffert et al Nature 395 8831998

000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1970 1990 2010 2030

TW

-yrs

World Energy Demand

total

industrial

developing US

eefsu

1 TWyr=3156 EJ=589 bbl

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Challenges Supply

find alternate sourcesnuclear

renewable

EIA httptontoeiadoegovFTPROOTpresentationslong_term_supplyindexhtm

1900 1950 2000 2050 2100

bblyr

10

20

30

40

50World Oil

Production2016

2037

2 demand growth

ultimate recovery 3000 bbl

Hubbertrsquos Peakwhen will production

peak

Oil 30-50 yrsgas beyond oilcoal gt 200 yrs

production peaksupply falls short

of demandoil becomes precious

price increasesglobal tension

Distinguish between ldquoEstimatedrdquo (above) and ldquoProvenrdquo reserves (next slide)

1 TWyr = 3156 EJ = 589 bbl

wwwkosticniuedu

World now World now 13 TWyr yr 13 TWyr yr 410 EJyr 410 EJyr

About 88 years About 88 years 60 coal 60 coal 14 oil 14 oil

and 14 gasand 14 gas

Distinguish between ldquoProvenrdquo (above) and ldquoEstimatedrdquo reserves

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Challenges LocalRegional Pollutionthe six principal air

pollutants(not including CO2)

origin secondary effect

hazard

SOx impurities in fuel acid rainparticilate

s

health crops

corrosion

NOx high T combustion

in air

particulates

ozone acid rain

health

CO incomplete combustion

health reduced

O2 delivery

Particulates

combustionsunlight + NOxSOx

health

Pb chemical industry

health

ground ozone

sunlight + NOx + organics

respiratoryvegetation pollution zones near sources

urban areas power plants

acid rain

wwwkosticniuedu

So what are we going to doSo what are we going to do

wwwkosticniuedu

The energy ldquodifficultiesrdquo hellipThe energy ldquodifficultiesrdquo hellip

bull (1)(1) will be will be more challengingmore challenging than what we anticipate nowthan what we anticipate now

bull (2)(2) NO traditional solutionsNO traditional solutions

bull (3)(3) NewNew knowledge new technology knowledge new technologyand and new living habits and expectationsnew living habits and expectationswill be neededwill be needed

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip bull The The renewable biomass energyrenewable biomass energy (BM) and (BM) and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbons (SynHC) will be will be very important if not criticalvery important if not critical for substitution of fossil fuelshellipfor substitution of fossil fuelshellip

bull hellip hellip since they are since they are natural extensions of fossil fuels the of fossil fuels the existing existing energy infrastructureenergy infrastructure could be could be easily adaptedeasily adapted

bull global global CO2 emission will be balanced during during renewable biomass production renewable biomass production

bull BMampSynHC particularly BMampSynHC particularly promising for for energy storageenergy storage and use in and use in transportationtransportation to replace fossil fuels to replace fossil fuels

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

hellip hellip especially considering the especially considering the Hydrogen factsHydrogen facts

bull (1)(1) hydrogen does not exist in nature as primary energy sourceas primary energy source

bull (2)(2) hydrogen production (from hydrocarbons or water) (from hydrocarbons or water) is is energy inefficient (always net-negative(always net-negative energy storage only) energy storage only)

bull (3)(3) hydrogen storage and distribution are facing are facing a a host of problems that cannot be economically that cannot be economically resolved with present state of knowledge resolved with present state of knowledge

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

Instead of going Instead of going lsquoagainstrsquo the naturelsquoagainstrsquo the nature with with hydrogenhydrogen hellip hellip

HH H-HH-H H-C-hellipH-C-hellip

HH

hellip hellip we should we should go lsquogo lsquoalongrsquo with naturersquo with nature with with biomassbiomass energy and energy and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbonssynthetic hydro-carbons

wwwkosticniuedu

George CrabtreeGeorge Crabtree

Senior Scientist and Director

Materials Science Division

Northern Illinois University

November 5 2004

The Hydrogen EconomyThe Hydrogen EconomyChallenges and Opportunities

A US Department of EnergyOffice of Science LaboratoryOperated by The University of Chicago

Argonne National Laboratory

US Department of Energy

the hydrogen economy requires breakthrough basic research

to find new materials and processesincremental advances in the present state of

the art will not meet the challenge

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

about 20efficiency

about 75efficiency

about 50efficiency

about 33efficiency

wwwkosticniuedu

46 of 6=28 28

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Waste

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Biorefinery SummaryBiomass and Biorefinery Summary

bull Biomass is the Biomass is the only sustainable sourceonly sustainable source of of hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals and plasticsand plastics

bull LargeLarge national and world-wide biomass national and world-wide biomass resource baseresource base

bull Reduction of greenhouse gasReduction of greenhouse gas emissions emissions

bull Will diversify and reinvigorate Will diversify and reinvigorate rural economyrural economy

bull Bio-refineries utilize residueBio-refineries utilize residue from existing industryfrom existing industry

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future OutlookEnergy Future Outlookhellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo hellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo

abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) the following energy future outlook is possiblehellipthe following energy future outlook is possiblehellip

1 Creative adaptation and innovations with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuelsrsquo era)

2 Intelligent hi-tech local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste improve efficiency and quality of environment and life)

3 Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs

4 Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale (to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency)

5 Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials particularly in industry (also in transportation commercial and residential sectors)

6 Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy transportation and chemicals)

7 Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels advanced batteries hydrogenhellip)

8 Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gaphellip)

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

The two things are certain The two things are certain

bull (1)(1) the the world populationworld population and and their living-standard expectations their living-standard expectations will will substantially increasesubstantially increase((over 6 billion people now over 6 billion people now in 50 years 10-11 billion - energy in 50 years 10-11 billion - energy may doublemay double) )

bull (2)(2) fossil fuelsrsquo economical reservesfossil fuelsrsquo economical reserves particularly oil and natural gas particularly oil and natural gas will will substantially decreasesubstantially decrease((oil oil may run outmay run out in 30-50 years in 30-50 years) )

wwwkosticniuedu

Population amp Energy Population amp Energy Unrestricted Exponential GrowthUnrestricted Exponential Growth

bull About one million years ago our About one million years ago our own species own species homo sapienshomo sapiens first first appeared appeared strived most of the strived most of the historyhistory and boomed with and boomed with agricultural and industrial agricultural and industrial revolution We are revolution We are over 6 billion over 6 billion nownow

bull Standard of living and energy use Standard of living and energy use have been growinghave been growing almost almost exponentially due to abundance of exponentially due to abundance of resourcesresources

bull The The growth will be naturally growth will be naturally restrictedrestricted with overpopulation with overpopulation and resource depletion as we and resource depletion as we know itknow it

Time in history

Population in millions

Most of BC

history

10due to

hardship

AD 1 300

1750 760

1800 1000

1950 2500

2000 6000

wwwkosticniuedu

Earth Energy BalanceEarth Energy Balancebull All energy to Earth surface is 9998 solar

002 geothermal and 0002 tidal-gravitationalbull About 13 TW world energy consumption rate now

(0007 of solar striking Earth) is about 7 times smaller than global photosynthesis (all life) the latter is only 005 of total solar and global atmospheric water and wind are about 1 of solar

Source Basic Research Needs To Assure A Secure Energy Future ORNL Report 2003

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

The challenges facing ushellip

Economic Competitiveness

Environmental Pollution

Growing Petroleum Consumption

wwwkosticniuedu

02468

101214161820

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Sou

rce

EIA

Ann

ual E

nerg

y O

utlo

ok 2

002

DO

EE

IA-0

383(

2002

) D

ec 2

001

Automobiles

Light Trucks

Heavy Trucks

AirDomestic Production

ProjectedActual

Million barrels per day

Pa

ss

en

ge

r V

eh

icle

s

Shipping

Rail

Off-Road

Military

bull Transportation accounts for 23 of the 20 million barrels of oil our nation uses each day

bull The US imports 55 of its oil expected to grow to 68 by 2025 under the status quo

bull Nearly all of our cars and trucks currently run on either gasoline or diesel fuel

Oil consumption by US transportation continues to grow

wwwkosticniuedu

Source DOEEIA International Petroleum Statistics Reports April 1999 DOEEIA 0520 International Energy Annual 1997 DOEEIA0219(97) February 1999

0 20 40 60 80 100

Rest ofWorld

OPEC

US

Percentage of Total

Consumption

Production

Reserves2

1226

741

77

6747

21

Major fraction of the worldrsquos oil reserves is in the OPEC countries

wwwkosticniuedu

Source OTT Analytic Team

World automobile populationis expected to grow substantially

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

55

I ndustrialized Developing World

Bil

lio

ns

of

Ve

hic

les

19962050

wwwkosticniuedu

World Energy Use

0

10

20

30

40

50

World Fuel Mix 2001oil

gas coal

nuclrenew

EIA Intl Energy Outlook 2004

85 fossil

2100 46 TW 2050 30 TW Hoffert et al Nature 395 8831998

000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1970 1990 2010 2030

TW

-yrs

World Energy Demand

total

industrial

developing US

eefsu

1 TWyr=3156 EJ=589 bbl

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Challenges Supply

find alternate sourcesnuclear

renewable

EIA httptontoeiadoegovFTPROOTpresentationslong_term_supplyindexhtm

1900 1950 2000 2050 2100

bblyr

10

20

30

40

50World Oil

Production2016

2037

2 demand growth

ultimate recovery 3000 bbl

Hubbertrsquos Peakwhen will production

peak

Oil 30-50 yrsgas beyond oilcoal gt 200 yrs

production peaksupply falls short

of demandoil becomes precious

price increasesglobal tension

Distinguish between ldquoEstimatedrdquo (above) and ldquoProvenrdquo reserves (next slide)

1 TWyr = 3156 EJ = 589 bbl

wwwkosticniuedu

World now World now 13 TWyr yr 13 TWyr yr 410 EJyr 410 EJyr

About 88 years About 88 years 60 coal 60 coal 14 oil 14 oil

and 14 gasand 14 gas

Distinguish between ldquoProvenrdquo (above) and ldquoEstimatedrdquo reserves

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Challenges LocalRegional Pollutionthe six principal air

pollutants(not including CO2)

origin secondary effect

hazard

SOx impurities in fuel acid rainparticilate

s

health crops

corrosion

NOx high T combustion

in air

particulates

ozone acid rain

health

CO incomplete combustion

health reduced

O2 delivery

Particulates

combustionsunlight + NOxSOx

health

Pb chemical industry

health

ground ozone

sunlight + NOx + organics

respiratoryvegetation pollution zones near sources

urban areas power plants

acid rain

wwwkosticniuedu

So what are we going to doSo what are we going to do

wwwkosticniuedu

The energy ldquodifficultiesrdquo hellipThe energy ldquodifficultiesrdquo hellip

bull (1)(1) will be will be more challengingmore challenging than what we anticipate nowthan what we anticipate now

bull (2)(2) NO traditional solutionsNO traditional solutions

bull (3)(3) NewNew knowledge new technology knowledge new technologyand and new living habits and expectationsnew living habits and expectationswill be neededwill be needed

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip bull The The renewable biomass energyrenewable biomass energy (BM) and (BM) and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbons (SynHC) will be will be very important if not criticalvery important if not critical for substitution of fossil fuelshellipfor substitution of fossil fuelshellip

bull hellip hellip since they are since they are natural extensions of fossil fuels the of fossil fuels the existing existing energy infrastructureenergy infrastructure could be could be easily adaptedeasily adapted

bull global global CO2 emission will be balanced during during renewable biomass production renewable biomass production

bull BMampSynHC particularly BMampSynHC particularly promising for for energy storageenergy storage and use in and use in transportationtransportation to replace fossil fuels to replace fossil fuels

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

hellip hellip especially considering the especially considering the Hydrogen factsHydrogen facts

bull (1)(1) hydrogen does not exist in nature as primary energy sourceas primary energy source

bull (2)(2) hydrogen production (from hydrocarbons or water) (from hydrocarbons or water) is is energy inefficient (always net-negative(always net-negative energy storage only) energy storage only)

bull (3)(3) hydrogen storage and distribution are facing are facing a a host of problems that cannot be economically that cannot be economically resolved with present state of knowledge resolved with present state of knowledge

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

Instead of going Instead of going lsquoagainstrsquo the naturelsquoagainstrsquo the nature with with hydrogenhydrogen hellip hellip

HH H-HH-H H-C-hellipH-C-hellip

HH

hellip hellip we should we should go lsquogo lsquoalongrsquo with naturersquo with nature with with biomassbiomass energy and energy and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbonssynthetic hydro-carbons

wwwkosticniuedu

George CrabtreeGeorge Crabtree

Senior Scientist and Director

Materials Science Division

Northern Illinois University

November 5 2004

The Hydrogen EconomyThe Hydrogen EconomyChallenges and Opportunities

A US Department of EnergyOffice of Science LaboratoryOperated by The University of Chicago

Argonne National Laboratory

US Department of Energy

the hydrogen economy requires breakthrough basic research

to find new materials and processesincremental advances in the present state of

the art will not meet the challenge

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

about 20efficiency

about 75efficiency

about 50efficiency

about 33efficiency

wwwkosticniuedu

46 of 6=28 28

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Waste

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Biorefinery SummaryBiomass and Biorefinery Summary

bull Biomass is the Biomass is the only sustainable sourceonly sustainable source of of hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals and plasticsand plastics

bull LargeLarge national and world-wide biomass national and world-wide biomass resource baseresource base

bull Reduction of greenhouse gasReduction of greenhouse gas emissions emissions

bull Will diversify and reinvigorate Will diversify and reinvigorate rural economyrural economy

bull Bio-refineries utilize residueBio-refineries utilize residue from existing industryfrom existing industry

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future OutlookEnergy Future Outlookhellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo hellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo

abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) the following energy future outlook is possiblehellipthe following energy future outlook is possiblehellip

1 Creative adaptation and innovations with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuelsrsquo era)

2 Intelligent hi-tech local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste improve efficiency and quality of environment and life)

3 Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs

4 Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale (to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency)

5 Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials particularly in industry (also in transportation commercial and residential sectors)

6 Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy transportation and chemicals)

7 Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels advanced batteries hydrogenhellip)

8 Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gaphellip)

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

Population amp Energy Population amp Energy Unrestricted Exponential GrowthUnrestricted Exponential Growth

bull About one million years ago our About one million years ago our own species own species homo sapienshomo sapiens first first appeared appeared strived most of the strived most of the historyhistory and boomed with and boomed with agricultural and industrial agricultural and industrial revolution We are revolution We are over 6 billion over 6 billion nownow

bull Standard of living and energy use Standard of living and energy use have been growinghave been growing almost almost exponentially due to abundance of exponentially due to abundance of resourcesresources

bull The The growth will be naturally growth will be naturally restrictedrestricted with overpopulation with overpopulation and resource depletion as we and resource depletion as we know itknow it

Time in history

Population in millions

Most of BC

history

10due to

hardship

AD 1 300

1750 760

1800 1000

1950 2500

2000 6000

wwwkosticniuedu

Earth Energy BalanceEarth Energy Balancebull All energy to Earth surface is 9998 solar

002 geothermal and 0002 tidal-gravitationalbull About 13 TW world energy consumption rate now

(0007 of solar striking Earth) is about 7 times smaller than global photosynthesis (all life) the latter is only 005 of total solar and global atmospheric water and wind are about 1 of solar

Source Basic Research Needs To Assure A Secure Energy Future ORNL Report 2003

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

The challenges facing ushellip

Economic Competitiveness

Environmental Pollution

Growing Petroleum Consumption

wwwkosticniuedu

02468

101214161820

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Sou

rce

EIA

Ann

ual E

nerg

y O

utlo

ok 2

002

DO

EE

IA-0

383(

2002

) D

ec 2

001

Automobiles

Light Trucks

Heavy Trucks

AirDomestic Production

ProjectedActual

Million barrels per day

Pa

ss

en

ge

r V

eh

icle

s

Shipping

Rail

Off-Road

Military

bull Transportation accounts for 23 of the 20 million barrels of oil our nation uses each day

bull The US imports 55 of its oil expected to grow to 68 by 2025 under the status quo

bull Nearly all of our cars and trucks currently run on either gasoline or diesel fuel

Oil consumption by US transportation continues to grow

wwwkosticniuedu

Source DOEEIA International Petroleum Statistics Reports April 1999 DOEEIA 0520 International Energy Annual 1997 DOEEIA0219(97) February 1999

0 20 40 60 80 100

Rest ofWorld

OPEC

US

Percentage of Total

Consumption

Production

Reserves2

1226

741

77

6747

21

Major fraction of the worldrsquos oil reserves is in the OPEC countries

wwwkosticniuedu

Source OTT Analytic Team

World automobile populationis expected to grow substantially

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

55

I ndustrialized Developing World

Bil

lio

ns

of

Ve

hic

les

19962050

wwwkosticniuedu

World Energy Use

0

10

20

30

40

50

World Fuel Mix 2001oil

gas coal

nuclrenew

EIA Intl Energy Outlook 2004

85 fossil

2100 46 TW 2050 30 TW Hoffert et al Nature 395 8831998

000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1970 1990 2010 2030

TW

-yrs

World Energy Demand

total

industrial

developing US

eefsu

1 TWyr=3156 EJ=589 bbl

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Challenges Supply

find alternate sourcesnuclear

renewable

EIA httptontoeiadoegovFTPROOTpresentationslong_term_supplyindexhtm

1900 1950 2000 2050 2100

bblyr

10

20

30

40

50World Oil

Production2016

2037

2 demand growth

ultimate recovery 3000 bbl

Hubbertrsquos Peakwhen will production

peak

Oil 30-50 yrsgas beyond oilcoal gt 200 yrs

production peaksupply falls short

of demandoil becomes precious

price increasesglobal tension

Distinguish between ldquoEstimatedrdquo (above) and ldquoProvenrdquo reserves (next slide)

1 TWyr = 3156 EJ = 589 bbl

wwwkosticniuedu

World now World now 13 TWyr yr 13 TWyr yr 410 EJyr 410 EJyr

About 88 years About 88 years 60 coal 60 coal 14 oil 14 oil

and 14 gasand 14 gas

Distinguish between ldquoProvenrdquo (above) and ldquoEstimatedrdquo reserves

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Challenges LocalRegional Pollutionthe six principal air

pollutants(not including CO2)

origin secondary effect

hazard

SOx impurities in fuel acid rainparticilate

s

health crops

corrosion

NOx high T combustion

in air

particulates

ozone acid rain

health

CO incomplete combustion

health reduced

O2 delivery

Particulates

combustionsunlight + NOxSOx

health

Pb chemical industry

health

ground ozone

sunlight + NOx + organics

respiratoryvegetation pollution zones near sources

urban areas power plants

acid rain

wwwkosticniuedu

So what are we going to doSo what are we going to do

wwwkosticniuedu

The energy ldquodifficultiesrdquo hellipThe energy ldquodifficultiesrdquo hellip

bull (1)(1) will be will be more challengingmore challenging than what we anticipate nowthan what we anticipate now

bull (2)(2) NO traditional solutionsNO traditional solutions

bull (3)(3) NewNew knowledge new technology knowledge new technologyand and new living habits and expectationsnew living habits and expectationswill be neededwill be needed

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip bull The The renewable biomass energyrenewable biomass energy (BM) and (BM) and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbons (SynHC) will be will be very important if not criticalvery important if not critical for substitution of fossil fuelshellipfor substitution of fossil fuelshellip

bull hellip hellip since they are since they are natural extensions of fossil fuels the of fossil fuels the existing existing energy infrastructureenergy infrastructure could be could be easily adaptedeasily adapted

bull global global CO2 emission will be balanced during during renewable biomass production renewable biomass production

bull BMampSynHC particularly BMampSynHC particularly promising for for energy storageenergy storage and use in and use in transportationtransportation to replace fossil fuels to replace fossil fuels

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

hellip hellip especially considering the especially considering the Hydrogen factsHydrogen facts

bull (1)(1) hydrogen does not exist in nature as primary energy sourceas primary energy source

bull (2)(2) hydrogen production (from hydrocarbons or water) (from hydrocarbons or water) is is energy inefficient (always net-negative(always net-negative energy storage only) energy storage only)

bull (3)(3) hydrogen storage and distribution are facing are facing a a host of problems that cannot be economically that cannot be economically resolved with present state of knowledge resolved with present state of knowledge

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

Instead of going Instead of going lsquoagainstrsquo the naturelsquoagainstrsquo the nature with with hydrogenhydrogen hellip hellip

HH H-HH-H H-C-hellipH-C-hellip

HH

hellip hellip we should we should go lsquogo lsquoalongrsquo with naturersquo with nature with with biomassbiomass energy and energy and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbonssynthetic hydro-carbons

wwwkosticniuedu

George CrabtreeGeorge Crabtree

Senior Scientist and Director

Materials Science Division

Northern Illinois University

November 5 2004

The Hydrogen EconomyThe Hydrogen EconomyChallenges and Opportunities

A US Department of EnergyOffice of Science LaboratoryOperated by The University of Chicago

Argonne National Laboratory

US Department of Energy

the hydrogen economy requires breakthrough basic research

to find new materials and processesincremental advances in the present state of

the art will not meet the challenge

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

about 20efficiency

about 75efficiency

about 50efficiency

about 33efficiency

wwwkosticniuedu

46 of 6=28 28

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Waste

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Biorefinery SummaryBiomass and Biorefinery Summary

bull Biomass is the Biomass is the only sustainable sourceonly sustainable source of of hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals and plasticsand plastics

bull LargeLarge national and world-wide biomass national and world-wide biomass resource baseresource base

bull Reduction of greenhouse gasReduction of greenhouse gas emissions emissions

bull Will diversify and reinvigorate Will diversify and reinvigorate rural economyrural economy

bull Bio-refineries utilize residueBio-refineries utilize residue from existing industryfrom existing industry

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future OutlookEnergy Future Outlookhellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo hellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo

abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) the following energy future outlook is possiblehellipthe following energy future outlook is possiblehellip

1 Creative adaptation and innovations with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuelsrsquo era)

2 Intelligent hi-tech local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste improve efficiency and quality of environment and life)

3 Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs

4 Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale (to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency)

5 Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials particularly in industry (also in transportation commercial and residential sectors)

6 Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy transportation and chemicals)

7 Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels advanced batteries hydrogenhellip)

8 Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gaphellip)

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

Earth Energy BalanceEarth Energy Balancebull All energy to Earth surface is 9998 solar

002 geothermal and 0002 tidal-gravitationalbull About 13 TW world energy consumption rate now

(0007 of solar striking Earth) is about 7 times smaller than global photosynthesis (all life) the latter is only 005 of total solar and global atmospheric water and wind are about 1 of solar

Source Basic Research Needs To Assure A Secure Energy Future ORNL Report 2003

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

The challenges facing ushellip

Economic Competitiveness

Environmental Pollution

Growing Petroleum Consumption

wwwkosticniuedu

02468

101214161820

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Sou

rce

EIA

Ann

ual E

nerg

y O

utlo

ok 2

002

DO

EE

IA-0

383(

2002

) D

ec 2

001

Automobiles

Light Trucks

Heavy Trucks

AirDomestic Production

ProjectedActual

Million barrels per day

Pa

ss

en

ge

r V

eh

icle

s

Shipping

Rail

Off-Road

Military

bull Transportation accounts for 23 of the 20 million barrels of oil our nation uses each day

bull The US imports 55 of its oil expected to grow to 68 by 2025 under the status quo

bull Nearly all of our cars and trucks currently run on either gasoline or diesel fuel

Oil consumption by US transportation continues to grow

wwwkosticniuedu

Source DOEEIA International Petroleum Statistics Reports April 1999 DOEEIA 0520 International Energy Annual 1997 DOEEIA0219(97) February 1999

0 20 40 60 80 100

Rest ofWorld

OPEC

US

Percentage of Total

Consumption

Production

Reserves2

1226

741

77

6747

21

Major fraction of the worldrsquos oil reserves is in the OPEC countries

wwwkosticniuedu

Source OTT Analytic Team

World automobile populationis expected to grow substantially

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

55

I ndustrialized Developing World

Bil

lio

ns

of

Ve

hic

les

19962050

wwwkosticniuedu

World Energy Use

0

10

20

30

40

50

World Fuel Mix 2001oil

gas coal

nuclrenew

EIA Intl Energy Outlook 2004

85 fossil

2100 46 TW 2050 30 TW Hoffert et al Nature 395 8831998

000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1970 1990 2010 2030

TW

-yrs

World Energy Demand

total

industrial

developing US

eefsu

1 TWyr=3156 EJ=589 bbl

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Challenges Supply

find alternate sourcesnuclear

renewable

EIA httptontoeiadoegovFTPROOTpresentationslong_term_supplyindexhtm

1900 1950 2000 2050 2100

bblyr

10

20

30

40

50World Oil

Production2016

2037

2 demand growth

ultimate recovery 3000 bbl

Hubbertrsquos Peakwhen will production

peak

Oil 30-50 yrsgas beyond oilcoal gt 200 yrs

production peaksupply falls short

of demandoil becomes precious

price increasesglobal tension

Distinguish between ldquoEstimatedrdquo (above) and ldquoProvenrdquo reserves (next slide)

1 TWyr = 3156 EJ = 589 bbl

wwwkosticniuedu

World now World now 13 TWyr yr 13 TWyr yr 410 EJyr 410 EJyr

About 88 years About 88 years 60 coal 60 coal 14 oil 14 oil

and 14 gasand 14 gas

Distinguish between ldquoProvenrdquo (above) and ldquoEstimatedrdquo reserves

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Challenges LocalRegional Pollutionthe six principal air

pollutants(not including CO2)

origin secondary effect

hazard

SOx impurities in fuel acid rainparticilate

s

health crops

corrosion

NOx high T combustion

in air

particulates

ozone acid rain

health

CO incomplete combustion

health reduced

O2 delivery

Particulates

combustionsunlight + NOxSOx

health

Pb chemical industry

health

ground ozone

sunlight + NOx + organics

respiratoryvegetation pollution zones near sources

urban areas power plants

acid rain

wwwkosticniuedu

So what are we going to doSo what are we going to do

wwwkosticniuedu

The energy ldquodifficultiesrdquo hellipThe energy ldquodifficultiesrdquo hellip

bull (1)(1) will be will be more challengingmore challenging than what we anticipate nowthan what we anticipate now

bull (2)(2) NO traditional solutionsNO traditional solutions

bull (3)(3) NewNew knowledge new technology knowledge new technologyand and new living habits and expectationsnew living habits and expectationswill be neededwill be needed

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip bull The The renewable biomass energyrenewable biomass energy (BM) and (BM) and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbons (SynHC) will be will be very important if not criticalvery important if not critical for substitution of fossil fuelshellipfor substitution of fossil fuelshellip

bull hellip hellip since they are since they are natural extensions of fossil fuels the of fossil fuels the existing existing energy infrastructureenergy infrastructure could be could be easily adaptedeasily adapted

bull global global CO2 emission will be balanced during during renewable biomass production renewable biomass production

bull BMampSynHC particularly BMampSynHC particularly promising for for energy storageenergy storage and use in and use in transportationtransportation to replace fossil fuels to replace fossil fuels

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

hellip hellip especially considering the especially considering the Hydrogen factsHydrogen facts

bull (1)(1) hydrogen does not exist in nature as primary energy sourceas primary energy source

bull (2)(2) hydrogen production (from hydrocarbons or water) (from hydrocarbons or water) is is energy inefficient (always net-negative(always net-negative energy storage only) energy storage only)

bull (3)(3) hydrogen storage and distribution are facing are facing a a host of problems that cannot be economically that cannot be economically resolved with present state of knowledge resolved with present state of knowledge

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

Instead of going Instead of going lsquoagainstrsquo the naturelsquoagainstrsquo the nature with with hydrogenhydrogen hellip hellip

HH H-HH-H H-C-hellipH-C-hellip

HH

hellip hellip we should we should go lsquogo lsquoalongrsquo with naturersquo with nature with with biomassbiomass energy and energy and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbonssynthetic hydro-carbons

wwwkosticniuedu

George CrabtreeGeorge Crabtree

Senior Scientist and Director

Materials Science Division

Northern Illinois University

November 5 2004

The Hydrogen EconomyThe Hydrogen EconomyChallenges and Opportunities

A US Department of EnergyOffice of Science LaboratoryOperated by The University of Chicago

Argonne National Laboratory

US Department of Energy

the hydrogen economy requires breakthrough basic research

to find new materials and processesincremental advances in the present state of

the art will not meet the challenge

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

about 20efficiency

about 75efficiency

about 50efficiency

about 33efficiency

wwwkosticniuedu

46 of 6=28 28

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Waste

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Biorefinery SummaryBiomass and Biorefinery Summary

bull Biomass is the Biomass is the only sustainable sourceonly sustainable source of of hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals and plasticsand plastics

bull LargeLarge national and world-wide biomass national and world-wide biomass resource baseresource base

bull Reduction of greenhouse gasReduction of greenhouse gas emissions emissions

bull Will diversify and reinvigorate Will diversify and reinvigorate rural economyrural economy

bull Bio-refineries utilize residueBio-refineries utilize residue from existing industryfrom existing industry

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future OutlookEnergy Future Outlookhellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo hellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo

abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) the following energy future outlook is possiblehellipthe following energy future outlook is possiblehellip

1 Creative adaptation and innovations with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuelsrsquo era)

2 Intelligent hi-tech local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste improve efficiency and quality of environment and life)

3 Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs

4 Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale (to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency)

5 Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials particularly in industry (also in transportation commercial and residential sectors)

6 Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy transportation and chemicals)

7 Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels advanced batteries hydrogenhellip)

8 Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gaphellip)

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

The challenges facing ushellip

Economic Competitiveness

Environmental Pollution

Growing Petroleum Consumption

wwwkosticniuedu

02468

101214161820

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Sou

rce

EIA

Ann

ual E

nerg

y O

utlo

ok 2

002

DO

EE

IA-0

383(

2002

) D

ec 2

001

Automobiles

Light Trucks

Heavy Trucks

AirDomestic Production

ProjectedActual

Million barrels per day

Pa

ss

en

ge

r V

eh

icle

s

Shipping

Rail

Off-Road

Military

bull Transportation accounts for 23 of the 20 million barrels of oil our nation uses each day

bull The US imports 55 of its oil expected to grow to 68 by 2025 under the status quo

bull Nearly all of our cars and trucks currently run on either gasoline or diesel fuel

Oil consumption by US transportation continues to grow

wwwkosticniuedu

Source DOEEIA International Petroleum Statistics Reports April 1999 DOEEIA 0520 International Energy Annual 1997 DOEEIA0219(97) February 1999

0 20 40 60 80 100

Rest ofWorld

OPEC

US

Percentage of Total

Consumption

Production

Reserves2

1226

741

77

6747

21

Major fraction of the worldrsquos oil reserves is in the OPEC countries

wwwkosticniuedu

Source OTT Analytic Team

World automobile populationis expected to grow substantially

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

55

I ndustrialized Developing World

Bil

lio

ns

of

Ve

hic

les

19962050

wwwkosticniuedu

World Energy Use

0

10

20

30

40

50

World Fuel Mix 2001oil

gas coal

nuclrenew

EIA Intl Energy Outlook 2004

85 fossil

2100 46 TW 2050 30 TW Hoffert et al Nature 395 8831998

000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1970 1990 2010 2030

TW

-yrs

World Energy Demand

total

industrial

developing US

eefsu

1 TWyr=3156 EJ=589 bbl

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Challenges Supply

find alternate sourcesnuclear

renewable

EIA httptontoeiadoegovFTPROOTpresentationslong_term_supplyindexhtm

1900 1950 2000 2050 2100

bblyr

10

20

30

40

50World Oil

Production2016

2037

2 demand growth

ultimate recovery 3000 bbl

Hubbertrsquos Peakwhen will production

peak

Oil 30-50 yrsgas beyond oilcoal gt 200 yrs

production peaksupply falls short

of demandoil becomes precious

price increasesglobal tension

Distinguish between ldquoEstimatedrdquo (above) and ldquoProvenrdquo reserves (next slide)

1 TWyr = 3156 EJ = 589 bbl

wwwkosticniuedu

World now World now 13 TWyr yr 13 TWyr yr 410 EJyr 410 EJyr

About 88 years About 88 years 60 coal 60 coal 14 oil 14 oil

and 14 gasand 14 gas

Distinguish between ldquoProvenrdquo (above) and ldquoEstimatedrdquo reserves

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Challenges LocalRegional Pollutionthe six principal air

pollutants(not including CO2)

origin secondary effect

hazard

SOx impurities in fuel acid rainparticilate

s

health crops

corrosion

NOx high T combustion

in air

particulates

ozone acid rain

health

CO incomplete combustion

health reduced

O2 delivery

Particulates

combustionsunlight + NOxSOx

health

Pb chemical industry

health

ground ozone

sunlight + NOx + organics

respiratoryvegetation pollution zones near sources

urban areas power plants

acid rain

wwwkosticniuedu

So what are we going to doSo what are we going to do

wwwkosticniuedu

The energy ldquodifficultiesrdquo hellipThe energy ldquodifficultiesrdquo hellip

bull (1)(1) will be will be more challengingmore challenging than what we anticipate nowthan what we anticipate now

bull (2)(2) NO traditional solutionsNO traditional solutions

bull (3)(3) NewNew knowledge new technology knowledge new technologyand and new living habits and expectationsnew living habits and expectationswill be neededwill be needed

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip bull The The renewable biomass energyrenewable biomass energy (BM) and (BM) and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbons (SynHC) will be will be very important if not criticalvery important if not critical for substitution of fossil fuelshellipfor substitution of fossil fuelshellip

bull hellip hellip since they are since they are natural extensions of fossil fuels the of fossil fuels the existing existing energy infrastructureenergy infrastructure could be could be easily adaptedeasily adapted

bull global global CO2 emission will be balanced during during renewable biomass production renewable biomass production

bull BMampSynHC particularly BMampSynHC particularly promising for for energy storageenergy storage and use in and use in transportationtransportation to replace fossil fuels to replace fossil fuels

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

hellip hellip especially considering the especially considering the Hydrogen factsHydrogen facts

bull (1)(1) hydrogen does not exist in nature as primary energy sourceas primary energy source

bull (2)(2) hydrogen production (from hydrocarbons or water) (from hydrocarbons or water) is is energy inefficient (always net-negative(always net-negative energy storage only) energy storage only)

bull (3)(3) hydrogen storage and distribution are facing are facing a a host of problems that cannot be economically that cannot be economically resolved with present state of knowledge resolved with present state of knowledge

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

Instead of going Instead of going lsquoagainstrsquo the naturelsquoagainstrsquo the nature with with hydrogenhydrogen hellip hellip

HH H-HH-H H-C-hellipH-C-hellip

HH

hellip hellip we should we should go lsquogo lsquoalongrsquo with naturersquo with nature with with biomassbiomass energy and energy and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbonssynthetic hydro-carbons

wwwkosticniuedu

George CrabtreeGeorge Crabtree

Senior Scientist and Director

Materials Science Division

Northern Illinois University

November 5 2004

The Hydrogen EconomyThe Hydrogen EconomyChallenges and Opportunities

A US Department of EnergyOffice of Science LaboratoryOperated by The University of Chicago

Argonne National Laboratory

US Department of Energy

the hydrogen economy requires breakthrough basic research

to find new materials and processesincremental advances in the present state of

the art will not meet the challenge

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

about 20efficiency

about 75efficiency

about 50efficiency

about 33efficiency

wwwkosticniuedu

46 of 6=28 28

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Waste

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Biorefinery SummaryBiomass and Biorefinery Summary

bull Biomass is the Biomass is the only sustainable sourceonly sustainable source of of hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals and plasticsand plastics

bull LargeLarge national and world-wide biomass national and world-wide biomass resource baseresource base

bull Reduction of greenhouse gasReduction of greenhouse gas emissions emissions

bull Will diversify and reinvigorate Will diversify and reinvigorate rural economyrural economy

bull Bio-refineries utilize residueBio-refineries utilize residue from existing industryfrom existing industry

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future OutlookEnergy Future Outlookhellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo hellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo

abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) the following energy future outlook is possiblehellipthe following energy future outlook is possiblehellip

1 Creative adaptation and innovations with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuelsrsquo era)

2 Intelligent hi-tech local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste improve efficiency and quality of environment and life)

3 Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs

4 Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale (to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency)

5 Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials particularly in industry (also in transportation commercial and residential sectors)

6 Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy transportation and chemicals)

7 Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels advanced batteries hydrogenhellip)

8 Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gaphellip)

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

The challenges facing ushellip

Economic Competitiveness

Environmental Pollution

Growing Petroleum Consumption

wwwkosticniuedu

02468

101214161820

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Sou

rce

EIA

Ann

ual E

nerg

y O

utlo

ok 2

002

DO

EE

IA-0

383(

2002

) D

ec 2

001

Automobiles

Light Trucks

Heavy Trucks

AirDomestic Production

ProjectedActual

Million barrels per day

Pa

ss

en

ge

r V

eh

icle

s

Shipping

Rail

Off-Road

Military

bull Transportation accounts for 23 of the 20 million barrels of oil our nation uses each day

bull The US imports 55 of its oil expected to grow to 68 by 2025 under the status quo

bull Nearly all of our cars and trucks currently run on either gasoline or diesel fuel

Oil consumption by US transportation continues to grow

wwwkosticniuedu

Source DOEEIA International Petroleum Statistics Reports April 1999 DOEEIA 0520 International Energy Annual 1997 DOEEIA0219(97) February 1999

0 20 40 60 80 100

Rest ofWorld

OPEC

US

Percentage of Total

Consumption

Production

Reserves2

1226

741

77

6747

21

Major fraction of the worldrsquos oil reserves is in the OPEC countries

wwwkosticniuedu

Source OTT Analytic Team

World automobile populationis expected to grow substantially

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

55

I ndustrialized Developing World

Bil

lio

ns

of

Ve

hic

les

19962050

wwwkosticniuedu

World Energy Use

0

10

20

30

40

50

World Fuel Mix 2001oil

gas coal

nuclrenew

EIA Intl Energy Outlook 2004

85 fossil

2100 46 TW 2050 30 TW Hoffert et al Nature 395 8831998

000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1970 1990 2010 2030

TW

-yrs

World Energy Demand

total

industrial

developing US

eefsu

1 TWyr=3156 EJ=589 bbl

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Challenges Supply

find alternate sourcesnuclear

renewable

EIA httptontoeiadoegovFTPROOTpresentationslong_term_supplyindexhtm

1900 1950 2000 2050 2100

bblyr

10

20

30

40

50World Oil

Production2016

2037

2 demand growth

ultimate recovery 3000 bbl

Hubbertrsquos Peakwhen will production

peak

Oil 30-50 yrsgas beyond oilcoal gt 200 yrs

production peaksupply falls short

of demandoil becomes precious

price increasesglobal tension

Distinguish between ldquoEstimatedrdquo (above) and ldquoProvenrdquo reserves (next slide)

1 TWyr = 3156 EJ = 589 bbl

wwwkosticniuedu

World now World now 13 TWyr yr 13 TWyr yr 410 EJyr 410 EJyr

About 88 years About 88 years 60 coal 60 coal 14 oil 14 oil

and 14 gasand 14 gas

Distinguish between ldquoProvenrdquo (above) and ldquoEstimatedrdquo reserves

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Challenges LocalRegional Pollutionthe six principal air

pollutants(not including CO2)

origin secondary effect

hazard

SOx impurities in fuel acid rainparticilate

s

health crops

corrosion

NOx high T combustion

in air

particulates

ozone acid rain

health

CO incomplete combustion

health reduced

O2 delivery

Particulates

combustionsunlight + NOxSOx

health

Pb chemical industry

health

ground ozone

sunlight + NOx + organics

respiratoryvegetation pollution zones near sources

urban areas power plants

acid rain

wwwkosticniuedu

So what are we going to doSo what are we going to do

wwwkosticniuedu

The energy ldquodifficultiesrdquo hellipThe energy ldquodifficultiesrdquo hellip

bull (1)(1) will be will be more challengingmore challenging than what we anticipate nowthan what we anticipate now

bull (2)(2) NO traditional solutionsNO traditional solutions

bull (3)(3) NewNew knowledge new technology knowledge new technologyand and new living habits and expectationsnew living habits and expectationswill be neededwill be needed

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip bull The The renewable biomass energyrenewable biomass energy (BM) and (BM) and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbons (SynHC) will be will be very important if not criticalvery important if not critical for substitution of fossil fuelshellipfor substitution of fossil fuelshellip

bull hellip hellip since they are since they are natural extensions of fossil fuels the of fossil fuels the existing existing energy infrastructureenergy infrastructure could be could be easily adaptedeasily adapted

bull global global CO2 emission will be balanced during during renewable biomass production renewable biomass production

bull BMampSynHC particularly BMampSynHC particularly promising for for energy storageenergy storage and use in and use in transportationtransportation to replace fossil fuels to replace fossil fuels

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

hellip hellip especially considering the especially considering the Hydrogen factsHydrogen facts

bull (1)(1) hydrogen does not exist in nature as primary energy sourceas primary energy source

bull (2)(2) hydrogen production (from hydrocarbons or water) (from hydrocarbons or water) is is energy inefficient (always net-negative(always net-negative energy storage only) energy storage only)

bull (3)(3) hydrogen storage and distribution are facing are facing a a host of problems that cannot be economically that cannot be economically resolved with present state of knowledge resolved with present state of knowledge

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

Instead of going Instead of going lsquoagainstrsquo the naturelsquoagainstrsquo the nature with with hydrogenhydrogen hellip hellip

HH H-HH-H H-C-hellipH-C-hellip

HH

hellip hellip we should we should go lsquogo lsquoalongrsquo with naturersquo with nature with with biomassbiomass energy and energy and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbonssynthetic hydro-carbons

wwwkosticniuedu

George CrabtreeGeorge Crabtree

Senior Scientist and Director

Materials Science Division

Northern Illinois University

November 5 2004

The Hydrogen EconomyThe Hydrogen EconomyChallenges and Opportunities

A US Department of EnergyOffice of Science LaboratoryOperated by The University of Chicago

Argonne National Laboratory

US Department of Energy

the hydrogen economy requires breakthrough basic research

to find new materials and processesincremental advances in the present state of

the art will not meet the challenge

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

about 20efficiency

about 75efficiency

about 50efficiency

about 33efficiency

wwwkosticniuedu

46 of 6=28 28

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Waste

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Biorefinery SummaryBiomass and Biorefinery Summary

bull Biomass is the Biomass is the only sustainable sourceonly sustainable source of of hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals and plasticsand plastics

bull LargeLarge national and world-wide biomass national and world-wide biomass resource baseresource base

bull Reduction of greenhouse gasReduction of greenhouse gas emissions emissions

bull Will diversify and reinvigorate Will diversify and reinvigorate rural economyrural economy

bull Bio-refineries utilize residueBio-refineries utilize residue from existing industryfrom existing industry

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future OutlookEnergy Future Outlookhellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo hellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo

abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) the following energy future outlook is possiblehellipthe following energy future outlook is possiblehellip

1 Creative adaptation and innovations with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuelsrsquo era)

2 Intelligent hi-tech local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste improve efficiency and quality of environment and life)

3 Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs

4 Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale (to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency)

5 Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials particularly in industry (also in transportation commercial and residential sectors)

6 Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy transportation and chemicals)

7 Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels advanced batteries hydrogenhellip)

8 Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gaphellip)

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

The challenges facing ushellip

Economic Competitiveness

Environmental Pollution

Growing Petroleum Consumption

wwwkosticniuedu

02468

101214161820

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Sou

rce

EIA

Ann

ual E

nerg

y O

utlo

ok 2

002

DO

EE

IA-0

383(

2002

) D

ec 2

001

Automobiles

Light Trucks

Heavy Trucks

AirDomestic Production

ProjectedActual

Million barrels per day

Pa

ss

en

ge

r V

eh

icle

s

Shipping

Rail

Off-Road

Military

bull Transportation accounts for 23 of the 20 million barrels of oil our nation uses each day

bull The US imports 55 of its oil expected to grow to 68 by 2025 under the status quo

bull Nearly all of our cars and trucks currently run on either gasoline or diesel fuel

Oil consumption by US transportation continues to grow

wwwkosticniuedu

Source DOEEIA International Petroleum Statistics Reports April 1999 DOEEIA 0520 International Energy Annual 1997 DOEEIA0219(97) February 1999

0 20 40 60 80 100

Rest ofWorld

OPEC

US

Percentage of Total

Consumption

Production

Reserves2

1226

741

77

6747

21

Major fraction of the worldrsquos oil reserves is in the OPEC countries

wwwkosticniuedu

Source OTT Analytic Team

World automobile populationis expected to grow substantially

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

55

I ndustrialized Developing World

Bil

lio

ns

of

Ve

hic

les

19962050

wwwkosticniuedu

World Energy Use

0

10

20

30

40

50

World Fuel Mix 2001oil

gas coal

nuclrenew

EIA Intl Energy Outlook 2004

85 fossil

2100 46 TW 2050 30 TW Hoffert et al Nature 395 8831998

000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1970 1990 2010 2030

TW

-yrs

World Energy Demand

total

industrial

developing US

eefsu

1 TWyr=3156 EJ=589 bbl

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Challenges Supply

find alternate sourcesnuclear

renewable

EIA httptontoeiadoegovFTPROOTpresentationslong_term_supplyindexhtm

1900 1950 2000 2050 2100

bblyr

10

20

30

40

50World Oil

Production2016

2037

2 demand growth

ultimate recovery 3000 bbl

Hubbertrsquos Peakwhen will production

peak

Oil 30-50 yrsgas beyond oilcoal gt 200 yrs

production peaksupply falls short

of demandoil becomes precious

price increasesglobal tension

Distinguish between ldquoEstimatedrdquo (above) and ldquoProvenrdquo reserves (next slide)

1 TWyr = 3156 EJ = 589 bbl

wwwkosticniuedu

World now World now 13 TWyr yr 13 TWyr yr 410 EJyr 410 EJyr

About 88 years About 88 years 60 coal 60 coal 14 oil 14 oil

and 14 gasand 14 gas

Distinguish between ldquoProvenrdquo (above) and ldquoEstimatedrdquo reserves

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Challenges LocalRegional Pollutionthe six principal air

pollutants(not including CO2)

origin secondary effect

hazard

SOx impurities in fuel acid rainparticilate

s

health crops

corrosion

NOx high T combustion

in air

particulates

ozone acid rain

health

CO incomplete combustion

health reduced

O2 delivery

Particulates

combustionsunlight + NOxSOx

health

Pb chemical industry

health

ground ozone

sunlight + NOx + organics

respiratoryvegetation pollution zones near sources

urban areas power plants

acid rain

wwwkosticniuedu

So what are we going to doSo what are we going to do

wwwkosticniuedu

The energy ldquodifficultiesrdquo hellipThe energy ldquodifficultiesrdquo hellip

bull (1)(1) will be will be more challengingmore challenging than what we anticipate nowthan what we anticipate now

bull (2)(2) NO traditional solutionsNO traditional solutions

bull (3)(3) NewNew knowledge new technology knowledge new technologyand and new living habits and expectationsnew living habits and expectationswill be neededwill be needed

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip bull The The renewable biomass energyrenewable biomass energy (BM) and (BM) and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbons (SynHC) will be will be very important if not criticalvery important if not critical for substitution of fossil fuelshellipfor substitution of fossil fuelshellip

bull hellip hellip since they are since they are natural extensions of fossil fuels the of fossil fuels the existing existing energy infrastructureenergy infrastructure could be could be easily adaptedeasily adapted

bull global global CO2 emission will be balanced during during renewable biomass production renewable biomass production

bull BMampSynHC particularly BMampSynHC particularly promising for for energy storageenergy storage and use in and use in transportationtransportation to replace fossil fuels to replace fossil fuels

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

hellip hellip especially considering the especially considering the Hydrogen factsHydrogen facts

bull (1)(1) hydrogen does not exist in nature as primary energy sourceas primary energy source

bull (2)(2) hydrogen production (from hydrocarbons or water) (from hydrocarbons or water) is is energy inefficient (always net-negative(always net-negative energy storage only) energy storage only)

bull (3)(3) hydrogen storage and distribution are facing are facing a a host of problems that cannot be economically that cannot be economically resolved with present state of knowledge resolved with present state of knowledge

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

Instead of going Instead of going lsquoagainstrsquo the naturelsquoagainstrsquo the nature with with hydrogenhydrogen hellip hellip

HH H-HH-H H-C-hellipH-C-hellip

HH

hellip hellip we should we should go lsquogo lsquoalongrsquo with naturersquo with nature with with biomassbiomass energy and energy and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbonssynthetic hydro-carbons

wwwkosticniuedu

George CrabtreeGeorge Crabtree

Senior Scientist and Director

Materials Science Division

Northern Illinois University

November 5 2004

The Hydrogen EconomyThe Hydrogen EconomyChallenges and Opportunities

A US Department of EnergyOffice of Science LaboratoryOperated by The University of Chicago

Argonne National Laboratory

US Department of Energy

the hydrogen economy requires breakthrough basic research

to find new materials and processesincremental advances in the present state of

the art will not meet the challenge

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

about 20efficiency

about 75efficiency

about 50efficiency

about 33efficiency

wwwkosticniuedu

46 of 6=28 28

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Waste

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Biorefinery SummaryBiomass and Biorefinery Summary

bull Biomass is the Biomass is the only sustainable sourceonly sustainable source of of hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals and plasticsand plastics

bull LargeLarge national and world-wide biomass national and world-wide biomass resource baseresource base

bull Reduction of greenhouse gasReduction of greenhouse gas emissions emissions

bull Will diversify and reinvigorate Will diversify and reinvigorate rural economyrural economy

bull Bio-refineries utilize residueBio-refineries utilize residue from existing industryfrom existing industry

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future OutlookEnergy Future Outlookhellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo hellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo

abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) the following energy future outlook is possiblehellipthe following energy future outlook is possiblehellip

1 Creative adaptation and innovations with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuelsrsquo era)

2 Intelligent hi-tech local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste improve efficiency and quality of environment and life)

3 Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs

4 Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale (to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency)

5 Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials particularly in industry (also in transportation commercial and residential sectors)

6 Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy transportation and chemicals)

7 Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels advanced batteries hydrogenhellip)

8 Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gaphellip)

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

02468

101214161820

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2020

Sou

rce

EIA

Ann

ual E

nerg

y O

utlo

ok 2

002

DO

EE

IA-0

383(

2002

) D

ec 2

001

Automobiles

Light Trucks

Heavy Trucks

AirDomestic Production

ProjectedActual

Million barrels per day

Pa

ss

en

ge

r V

eh

icle

s

Shipping

Rail

Off-Road

Military

bull Transportation accounts for 23 of the 20 million barrels of oil our nation uses each day

bull The US imports 55 of its oil expected to grow to 68 by 2025 under the status quo

bull Nearly all of our cars and trucks currently run on either gasoline or diesel fuel

Oil consumption by US transportation continues to grow

wwwkosticniuedu

Source DOEEIA International Petroleum Statistics Reports April 1999 DOEEIA 0520 International Energy Annual 1997 DOEEIA0219(97) February 1999

0 20 40 60 80 100

Rest ofWorld

OPEC

US

Percentage of Total

Consumption

Production

Reserves2

1226

741

77

6747

21

Major fraction of the worldrsquos oil reserves is in the OPEC countries

wwwkosticniuedu

Source OTT Analytic Team

World automobile populationis expected to grow substantially

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

55

I ndustrialized Developing World

Bil

lio

ns

of

Ve

hic

les

19962050

wwwkosticniuedu

World Energy Use

0

10

20

30

40

50

World Fuel Mix 2001oil

gas coal

nuclrenew

EIA Intl Energy Outlook 2004

85 fossil

2100 46 TW 2050 30 TW Hoffert et al Nature 395 8831998

000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1970 1990 2010 2030

TW

-yrs

World Energy Demand

total

industrial

developing US

eefsu

1 TWyr=3156 EJ=589 bbl

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Challenges Supply

find alternate sourcesnuclear

renewable

EIA httptontoeiadoegovFTPROOTpresentationslong_term_supplyindexhtm

1900 1950 2000 2050 2100

bblyr

10

20

30

40

50World Oil

Production2016

2037

2 demand growth

ultimate recovery 3000 bbl

Hubbertrsquos Peakwhen will production

peak

Oil 30-50 yrsgas beyond oilcoal gt 200 yrs

production peaksupply falls short

of demandoil becomes precious

price increasesglobal tension

Distinguish between ldquoEstimatedrdquo (above) and ldquoProvenrdquo reserves (next slide)

1 TWyr = 3156 EJ = 589 bbl

wwwkosticniuedu

World now World now 13 TWyr yr 13 TWyr yr 410 EJyr 410 EJyr

About 88 years About 88 years 60 coal 60 coal 14 oil 14 oil

and 14 gasand 14 gas

Distinguish between ldquoProvenrdquo (above) and ldquoEstimatedrdquo reserves

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Challenges LocalRegional Pollutionthe six principal air

pollutants(not including CO2)

origin secondary effect

hazard

SOx impurities in fuel acid rainparticilate

s

health crops

corrosion

NOx high T combustion

in air

particulates

ozone acid rain

health

CO incomplete combustion

health reduced

O2 delivery

Particulates

combustionsunlight + NOxSOx

health

Pb chemical industry

health

ground ozone

sunlight + NOx + organics

respiratoryvegetation pollution zones near sources

urban areas power plants

acid rain

wwwkosticniuedu

So what are we going to doSo what are we going to do

wwwkosticniuedu

The energy ldquodifficultiesrdquo hellipThe energy ldquodifficultiesrdquo hellip

bull (1)(1) will be will be more challengingmore challenging than what we anticipate nowthan what we anticipate now

bull (2)(2) NO traditional solutionsNO traditional solutions

bull (3)(3) NewNew knowledge new technology knowledge new technologyand and new living habits and expectationsnew living habits and expectationswill be neededwill be needed

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip bull The The renewable biomass energyrenewable biomass energy (BM) and (BM) and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbons (SynHC) will be will be very important if not criticalvery important if not critical for substitution of fossil fuelshellipfor substitution of fossil fuelshellip

bull hellip hellip since they are since they are natural extensions of fossil fuels the of fossil fuels the existing existing energy infrastructureenergy infrastructure could be could be easily adaptedeasily adapted

bull global global CO2 emission will be balanced during during renewable biomass production renewable biomass production

bull BMampSynHC particularly BMampSynHC particularly promising for for energy storageenergy storage and use in and use in transportationtransportation to replace fossil fuels to replace fossil fuels

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

hellip hellip especially considering the especially considering the Hydrogen factsHydrogen facts

bull (1)(1) hydrogen does not exist in nature as primary energy sourceas primary energy source

bull (2)(2) hydrogen production (from hydrocarbons or water) (from hydrocarbons or water) is is energy inefficient (always net-negative(always net-negative energy storage only) energy storage only)

bull (3)(3) hydrogen storage and distribution are facing are facing a a host of problems that cannot be economically that cannot be economically resolved with present state of knowledge resolved with present state of knowledge

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

Instead of going Instead of going lsquoagainstrsquo the naturelsquoagainstrsquo the nature with with hydrogenhydrogen hellip hellip

HH H-HH-H H-C-hellipH-C-hellip

HH

hellip hellip we should we should go lsquogo lsquoalongrsquo with naturersquo with nature with with biomassbiomass energy and energy and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbonssynthetic hydro-carbons

wwwkosticniuedu

George CrabtreeGeorge Crabtree

Senior Scientist and Director

Materials Science Division

Northern Illinois University

November 5 2004

The Hydrogen EconomyThe Hydrogen EconomyChallenges and Opportunities

A US Department of EnergyOffice of Science LaboratoryOperated by The University of Chicago

Argonne National Laboratory

US Department of Energy

the hydrogen economy requires breakthrough basic research

to find new materials and processesincremental advances in the present state of

the art will not meet the challenge

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

about 20efficiency

about 75efficiency

about 50efficiency

about 33efficiency

wwwkosticniuedu

46 of 6=28 28

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Waste

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Biorefinery SummaryBiomass and Biorefinery Summary

bull Biomass is the Biomass is the only sustainable sourceonly sustainable source of of hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals and plasticsand plastics

bull LargeLarge national and world-wide biomass national and world-wide biomass resource baseresource base

bull Reduction of greenhouse gasReduction of greenhouse gas emissions emissions

bull Will diversify and reinvigorate Will diversify and reinvigorate rural economyrural economy

bull Bio-refineries utilize residueBio-refineries utilize residue from existing industryfrom existing industry

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future OutlookEnergy Future Outlookhellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo hellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo

abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) the following energy future outlook is possiblehellipthe following energy future outlook is possiblehellip

1 Creative adaptation and innovations with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuelsrsquo era)

2 Intelligent hi-tech local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste improve efficiency and quality of environment and life)

3 Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs

4 Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale (to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency)

5 Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials particularly in industry (also in transportation commercial and residential sectors)

6 Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy transportation and chemicals)

7 Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels advanced batteries hydrogenhellip)

8 Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gaphellip)

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

Source DOEEIA International Petroleum Statistics Reports April 1999 DOEEIA 0520 International Energy Annual 1997 DOEEIA0219(97) February 1999

0 20 40 60 80 100

Rest ofWorld

OPEC

US

Percentage of Total

Consumption

Production

Reserves2

1226

741

77

6747

21

Major fraction of the worldrsquos oil reserves is in the OPEC countries

wwwkosticniuedu

Source OTT Analytic Team

World automobile populationis expected to grow substantially

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

55

I ndustrialized Developing World

Bil

lio

ns

of

Ve

hic

les

19962050

wwwkosticniuedu

World Energy Use

0

10

20

30

40

50

World Fuel Mix 2001oil

gas coal

nuclrenew

EIA Intl Energy Outlook 2004

85 fossil

2100 46 TW 2050 30 TW Hoffert et al Nature 395 8831998

000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1970 1990 2010 2030

TW

-yrs

World Energy Demand

total

industrial

developing US

eefsu

1 TWyr=3156 EJ=589 bbl

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Challenges Supply

find alternate sourcesnuclear

renewable

EIA httptontoeiadoegovFTPROOTpresentationslong_term_supplyindexhtm

1900 1950 2000 2050 2100

bblyr

10

20

30

40

50World Oil

Production2016

2037

2 demand growth

ultimate recovery 3000 bbl

Hubbertrsquos Peakwhen will production

peak

Oil 30-50 yrsgas beyond oilcoal gt 200 yrs

production peaksupply falls short

of demandoil becomes precious

price increasesglobal tension

Distinguish between ldquoEstimatedrdquo (above) and ldquoProvenrdquo reserves (next slide)

1 TWyr = 3156 EJ = 589 bbl

wwwkosticniuedu

World now World now 13 TWyr yr 13 TWyr yr 410 EJyr 410 EJyr

About 88 years About 88 years 60 coal 60 coal 14 oil 14 oil

and 14 gasand 14 gas

Distinguish between ldquoProvenrdquo (above) and ldquoEstimatedrdquo reserves

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Challenges LocalRegional Pollutionthe six principal air

pollutants(not including CO2)

origin secondary effect

hazard

SOx impurities in fuel acid rainparticilate

s

health crops

corrosion

NOx high T combustion

in air

particulates

ozone acid rain

health

CO incomplete combustion

health reduced

O2 delivery

Particulates

combustionsunlight + NOxSOx

health

Pb chemical industry

health

ground ozone

sunlight + NOx + organics

respiratoryvegetation pollution zones near sources

urban areas power plants

acid rain

wwwkosticniuedu

So what are we going to doSo what are we going to do

wwwkosticniuedu

The energy ldquodifficultiesrdquo hellipThe energy ldquodifficultiesrdquo hellip

bull (1)(1) will be will be more challengingmore challenging than what we anticipate nowthan what we anticipate now

bull (2)(2) NO traditional solutionsNO traditional solutions

bull (3)(3) NewNew knowledge new technology knowledge new technologyand and new living habits and expectationsnew living habits and expectationswill be neededwill be needed

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip bull The The renewable biomass energyrenewable biomass energy (BM) and (BM) and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbons (SynHC) will be will be very important if not criticalvery important if not critical for substitution of fossil fuelshellipfor substitution of fossil fuelshellip

bull hellip hellip since they are since they are natural extensions of fossil fuels the of fossil fuels the existing existing energy infrastructureenergy infrastructure could be could be easily adaptedeasily adapted

bull global global CO2 emission will be balanced during during renewable biomass production renewable biomass production

bull BMampSynHC particularly BMampSynHC particularly promising for for energy storageenergy storage and use in and use in transportationtransportation to replace fossil fuels to replace fossil fuels

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

hellip hellip especially considering the especially considering the Hydrogen factsHydrogen facts

bull (1)(1) hydrogen does not exist in nature as primary energy sourceas primary energy source

bull (2)(2) hydrogen production (from hydrocarbons or water) (from hydrocarbons or water) is is energy inefficient (always net-negative(always net-negative energy storage only) energy storage only)

bull (3)(3) hydrogen storage and distribution are facing are facing a a host of problems that cannot be economically that cannot be economically resolved with present state of knowledge resolved with present state of knowledge

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

Instead of going Instead of going lsquoagainstrsquo the naturelsquoagainstrsquo the nature with with hydrogenhydrogen hellip hellip

HH H-HH-H H-C-hellipH-C-hellip

HH

hellip hellip we should we should go lsquogo lsquoalongrsquo with naturersquo with nature with with biomassbiomass energy and energy and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbonssynthetic hydro-carbons

wwwkosticniuedu

George CrabtreeGeorge Crabtree

Senior Scientist and Director

Materials Science Division

Northern Illinois University

November 5 2004

The Hydrogen EconomyThe Hydrogen EconomyChallenges and Opportunities

A US Department of EnergyOffice of Science LaboratoryOperated by The University of Chicago

Argonne National Laboratory

US Department of Energy

the hydrogen economy requires breakthrough basic research

to find new materials and processesincremental advances in the present state of

the art will not meet the challenge

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

about 20efficiency

about 75efficiency

about 50efficiency

about 33efficiency

wwwkosticniuedu

46 of 6=28 28

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Waste

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Biorefinery SummaryBiomass and Biorefinery Summary

bull Biomass is the Biomass is the only sustainable sourceonly sustainable source of of hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals and plasticsand plastics

bull LargeLarge national and world-wide biomass national and world-wide biomass resource baseresource base

bull Reduction of greenhouse gasReduction of greenhouse gas emissions emissions

bull Will diversify and reinvigorate Will diversify and reinvigorate rural economyrural economy

bull Bio-refineries utilize residueBio-refineries utilize residue from existing industryfrom existing industry

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future OutlookEnergy Future Outlookhellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo hellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo

abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) the following energy future outlook is possiblehellipthe following energy future outlook is possiblehellip

1 Creative adaptation and innovations with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuelsrsquo era)

2 Intelligent hi-tech local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste improve efficiency and quality of environment and life)

3 Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs

4 Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale (to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency)

5 Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials particularly in industry (also in transportation commercial and residential sectors)

6 Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy transportation and chemicals)

7 Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels advanced batteries hydrogenhellip)

8 Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gaphellip)

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

Source OTT Analytic Team

World automobile populationis expected to grow substantially

0

05

1

15

2

25

3

35

4

45

5

55

I ndustrialized Developing World

Bil

lio

ns

of

Ve

hic

les

19962050

wwwkosticniuedu

World Energy Use

0

10

20

30

40

50

World Fuel Mix 2001oil

gas coal

nuclrenew

EIA Intl Energy Outlook 2004

85 fossil

2100 46 TW 2050 30 TW Hoffert et al Nature 395 8831998

000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1970 1990 2010 2030

TW

-yrs

World Energy Demand

total

industrial

developing US

eefsu

1 TWyr=3156 EJ=589 bbl

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Challenges Supply

find alternate sourcesnuclear

renewable

EIA httptontoeiadoegovFTPROOTpresentationslong_term_supplyindexhtm

1900 1950 2000 2050 2100

bblyr

10

20

30

40

50World Oil

Production2016

2037

2 demand growth

ultimate recovery 3000 bbl

Hubbertrsquos Peakwhen will production

peak

Oil 30-50 yrsgas beyond oilcoal gt 200 yrs

production peaksupply falls short

of demandoil becomes precious

price increasesglobal tension

Distinguish between ldquoEstimatedrdquo (above) and ldquoProvenrdquo reserves (next slide)

1 TWyr = 3156 EJ = 589 bbl

wwwkosticniuedu

World now World now 13 TWyr yr 13 TWyr yr 410 EJyr 410 EJyr

About 88 years About 88 years 60 coal 60 coal 14 oil 14 oil

and 14 gasand 14 gas

Distinguish between ldquoProvenrdquo (above) and ldquoEstimatedrdquo reserves

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Challenges LocalRegional Pollutionthe six principal air

pollutants(not including CO2)

origin secondary effect

hazard

SOx impurities in fuel acid rainparticilate

s

health crops

corrosion

NOx high T combustion

in air

particulates

ozone acid rain

health

CO incomplete combustion

health reduced

O2 delivery

Particulates

combustionsunlight + NOxSOx

health

Pb chemical industry

health

ground ozone

sunlight + NOx + organics

respiratoryvegetation pollution zones near sources

urban areas power plants

acid rain

wwwkosticniuedu

So what are we going to doSo what are we going to do

wwwkosticniuedu

The energy ldquodifficultiesrdquo hellipThe energy ldquodifficultiesrdquo hellip

bull (1)(1) will be will be more challengingmore challenging than what we anticipate nowthan what we anticipate now

bull (2)(2) NO traditional solutionsNO traditional solutions

bull (3)(3) NewNew knowledge new technology knowledge new technologyand and new living habits and expectationsnew living habits and expectationswill be neededwill be needed

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip bull The The renewable biomass energyrenewable biomass energy (BM) and (BM) and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbons (SynHC) will be will be very important if not criticalvery important if not critical for substitution of fossil fuelshellipfor substitution of fossil fuelshellip

bull hellip hellip since they are since they are natural extensions of fossil fuels the of fossil fuels the existing existing energy infrastructureenergy infrastructure could be could be easily adaptedeasily adapted

bull global global CO2 emission will be balanced during during renewable biomass production renewable biomass production

bull BMampSynHC particularly BMampSynHC particularly promising for for energy storageenergy storage and use in and use in transportationtransportation to replace fossil fuels to replace fossil fuels

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

hellip hellip especially considering the especially considering the Hydrogen factsHydrogen facts

bull (1)(1) hydrogen does not exist in nature as primary energy sourceas primary energy source

bull (2)(2) hydrogen production (from hydrocarbons or water) (from hydrocarbons or water) is is energy inefficient (always net-negative(always net-negative energy storage only) energy storage only)

bull (3)(3) hydrogen storage and distribution are facing are facing a a host of problems that cannot be economically that cannot be economically resolved with present state of knowledge resolved with present state of knowledge

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

Instead of going Instead of going lsquoagainstrsquo the naturelsquoagainstrsquo the nature with with hydrogenhydrogen hellip hellip

HH H-HH-H H-C-hellipH-C-hellip

HH

hellip hellip we should we should go lsquogo lsquoalongrsquo with naturersquo with nature with with biomassbiomass energy and energy and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbonssynthetic hydro-carbons

wwwkosticniuedu

George CrabtreeGeorge Crabtree

Senior Scientist and Director

Materials Science Division

Northern Illinois University

November 5 2004

The Hydrogen EconomyThe Hydrogen EconomyChallenges and Opportunities

A US Department of EnergyOffice of Science LaboratoryOperated by The University of Chicago

Argonne National Laboratory

US Department of Energy

the hydrogen economy requires breakthrough basic research

to find new materials and processesincremental advances in the present state of

the art will not meet the challenge

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

about 20efficiency

about 75efficiency

about 50efficiency

about 33efficiency

wwwkosticniuedu

46 of 6=28 28

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Waste

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Biorefinery SummaryBiomass and Biorefinery Summary

bull Biomass is the Biomass is the only sustainable sourceonly sustainable source of of hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals and plasticsand plastics

bull LargeLarge national and world-wide biomass national and world-wide biomass resource baseresource base

bull Reduction of greenhouse gasReduction of greenhouse gas emissions emissions

bull Will diversify and reinvigorate Will diversify and reinvigorate rural economyrural economy

bull Bio-refineries utilize residueBio-refineries utilize residue from existing industryfrom existing industry

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future OutlookEnergy Future Outlookhellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo hellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo

abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) the following energy future outlook is possiblehellipthe following energy future outlook is possiblehellip

1 Creative adaptation and innovations with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuelsrsquo era)

2 Intelligent hi-tech local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste improve efficiency and quality of environment and life)

3 Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs

4 Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale (to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency)

5 Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials particularly in industry (also in transportation commercial and residential sectors)

6 Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy transportation and chemicals)

7 Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels advanced batteries hydrogenhellip)

8 Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gaphellip)

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

World Energy Use

0

10

20

30

40

50

World Fuel Mix 2001oil

gas coal

nuclrenew

EIA Intl Energy Outlook 2004

85 fossil

2100 46 TW 2050 30 TW Hoffert et al Nature 395 8831998

000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

1970 1990 2010 2030

TW

-yrs

World Energy Demand

total

industrial

developing US

eefsu

1 TWyr=3156 EJ=589 bbl

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Challenges Supply

find alternate sourcesnuclear

renewable

EIA httptontoeiadoegovFTPROOTpresentationslong_term_supplyindexhtm

1900 1950 2000 2050 2100

bblyr

10

20

30

40

50World Oil

Production2016

2037

2 demand growth

ultimate recovery 3000 bbl

Hubbertrsquos Peakwhen will production

peak

Oil 30-50 yrsgas beyond oilcoal gt 200 yrs

production peaksupply falls short

of demandoil becomes precious

price increasesglobal tension

Distinguish between ldquoEstimatedrdquo (above) and ldquoProvenrdquo reserves (next slide)

1 TWyr = 3156 EJ = 589 bbl

wwwkosticniuedu

World now World now 13 TWyr yr 13 TWyr yr 410 EJyr 410 EJyr

About 88 years About 88 years 60 coal 60 coal 14 oil 14 oil

and 14 gasand 14 gas

Distinguish between ldquoProvenrdquo (above) and ldquoEstimatedrdquo reserves

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Challenges LocalRegional Pollutionthe six principal air

pollutants(not including CO2)

origin secondary effect

hazard

SOx impurities in fuel acid rainparticilate

s

health crops

corrosion

NOx high T combustion

in air

particulates

ozone acid rain

health

CO incomplete combustion

health reduced

O2 delivery

Particulates

combustionsunlight + NOxSOx

health

Pb chemical industry

health

ground ozone

sunlight + NOx + organics

respiratoryvegetation pollution zones near sources

urban areas power plants

acid rain

wwwkosticniuedu

So what are we going to doSo what are we going to do

wwwkosticniuedu

The energy ldquodifficultiesrdquo hellipThe energy ldquodifficultiesrdquo hellip

bull (1)(1) will be will be more challengingmore challenging than what we anticipate nowthan what we anticipate now

bull (2)(2) NO traditional solutionsNO traditional solutions

bull (3)(3) NewNew knowledge new technology knowledge new technologyand and new living habits and expectationsnew living habits and expectationswill be neededwill be needed

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip bull The The renewable biomass energyrenewable biomass energy (BM) and (BM) and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbons (SynHC) will be will be very important if not criticalvery important if not critical for substitution of fossil fuelshellipfor substitution of fossil fuelshellip

bull hellip hellip since they are since they are natural extensions of fossil fuels the of fossil fuels the existing existing energy infrastructureenergy infrastructure could be could be easily adaptedeasily adapted

bull global global CO2 emission will be balanced during during renewable biomass production renewable biomass production

bull BMampSynHC particularly BMampSynHC particularly promising for for energy storageenergy storage and use in and use in transportationtransportation to replace fossil fuels to replace fossil fuels

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

hellip hellip especially considering the especially considering the Hydrogen factsHydrogen facts

bull (1)(1) hydrogen does not exist in nature as primary energy sourceas primary energy source

bull (2)(2) hydrogen production (from hydrocarbons or water) (from hydrocarbons or water) is is energy inefficient (always net-negative(always net-negative energy storage only) energy storage only)

bull (3)(3) hydrogen storage and distribution are facing are facing a a host of problems that cannot be economically that cannot be economically resolved with present state of knowledge resolved with present state of knowledge

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

Instead of going Instead of going lsquoagainstrsquo the naturelsquoagainstrsquo the nature with with hydrogenhydrogen hellip hellip

HH H-HH-H H-C-hellipH-C-hellip

HH

hellip hellip we should we should go lsquogo lsquoalongrsquo with naturersquo with nature with with biomassbiomass energy and energy and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbonssynthetic hydro-carbons

wwwkosticniuedu

George CrabtreeGeorge Crabtree

Senior Scientist and Director

Materials Science Division

Northern Illinois University

November 5 2004

The Hydrogen EconomyThe Hydrogen EconomyChallenges and Opportunities

A US Department of EnergyOffice of Science LaboratoryOperated by The University of Chicago

Argonne National Laboratory

US Department of Energy

the hydrogen economy requires breakthrough basic research

to find new materials and processesincremental advances in the present state of

the art will not meet the challenge

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

about 20efficiency

about 75efficiency

about 50efficiency

about 33efficiency

wwwkosticniuedu

46 of 6=28 28

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Waste

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Biorefinery SummaryBiomass and Biorefinery Summary

bull Biomass is the Biomass is the only sustainable sourceonly sustainable source of of hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals and plasticsand plastics

bull LargeLarge national and world-wide biomass national and world-wide biomass resource baseresource base

bull Reduction of greenhouse gasReduction of greenhouse gas emissions emissions

bull Will diversify and reinvigorate Will diversify and reinvigorate rural economyrural economy

bull Bio-refineries utilize residueBio-refineries utilize residue from existing industryfrom existing industry

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future OutlookEnergy Future Outlookhellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo hellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo

abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) the following energy future outlook is possiblehellipthe following energy future outlook is possiblehellip

1 Creative adaptation and innovations with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuelsrsquo era)

2 Intelligent hi-tech local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste improve efficiency and quality of environment and life)

3 Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs

4 Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale (to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency)

5 Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials particularly in industry (also in transportation commercial and residential sectors)

6 Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy transportation and chemicals)

7 Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels advanced batteries hydrogenhellip)

8 Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gaphellip)

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Challenges Supply

find alternate sourcesnuclear

renewable

EIA httptontoeiadoegovFTPROOTpresentationslong_term_supplyindexhtm

1900 1950 2000 2050 2100

bblyr

10

20

30

40

50World Oil

Production2016

2037

2 demand growth

ultimate recovery 3000 bbl

Hubbertrsquos Peakwhen will production

peak

Oil 30-50 yrsgas beyond oilcoal gt 200 yrs

production peaksupply falls short

of demandoil becomes precious

price increasesglobal tension

Distinguish between ldquoEstimatedrdquo (above) and ldquoProvenrdquo reserves (next slide)

1 TWyr = 3156 EJ = 589 bbl

wwwkosticniuedu

World now World now 13 TWyr yr 13 TWyr yr 410 EJyr 410 EJyr

About 88 years About 88 years 60 coal 60 coal 14 oil 14 oil

and 14 gasand 14 gas

Distinguish between ldquoProvenrdquo (above) and ldquoEstimatedrdquo reserves

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Challenges LocalRegional Pollutionthe six principal air

pollutants(not including CO2)

origin secondary effect

hazard

SOx impurities in fuel acid rainparticilate

s

health crops

corrosion

NOx high T combustion

in air

particulates

ozone acid rain

health

CO incomplete combustion

health reduced

O2 delivery

Particulates

combustionsunlight + NOxSOx

health

Pb chemical industry

health

ground ozone

sunlight + NOx + organics

respiratoryvegetation pollution zones near sources

urban areas power plants

acid rain

wwwkosticniuedu

So what are we going to doSo what are we going to do

wwwkosticniuedu

The energy ldquodifficultiesrdquo hellipThe energy ldquodifficultiesrdquo hellip

bull (1)(1) will be will be more challengingmore challenging than what we anticipate nowthan what we anticipate now

bull (2)(2) NO traditional solutionsNO traditional solutions

bull (3)(3) NewNew knowledge new technology knowledge new technologyand and new living habits and expectationsnew living habits and expectationswill be neededwill be needed

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip bull The The renewable biomass energyrenewable biomass energy (BM) and (BM) and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbons (SynHC) will be will be very important if not criticalvery important if not critical for substitution of fossil fuelshellipfor substitution of fossil fuelshellip

bull hellip hellip since they are since they are natural extensions of fossil fuels the of fossil fuels the existing existing energy infrastructureenergy infrastructure could be could be easily adaptedeasily adapted

bull global global CO2 emission will be balanced during during renewable biomass production renewable biomass production

bull BMampSynHC particularly BMampSynHC particularly promising for for energy storageenergy storage and use in and use in transportationtransportation to replace fossil fuels to replace fossil fuels

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

hellip hellip especially considering the especially considering the Hydrogen factsHydrogen facts

bull (1)(1) hydrogen does not exist in nature as primary energy sourceas primary energy source

bull (2)(2) hydrogen production (from hydrocarbons or water) (from hydrocarbons or water) is is energy inefficient (always net-negative(always net-negative energy storage only) energy storage only)

bull (3)(3) hydrogen storage and distribution are facing are facing a a host of problems that cannot be economically that cannot be economically resolved with present state of knowledge resolved with present state of knowledge

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

Instead of going Instead of going lsquoagainstrsquo the naturelsquoagainstrsquo the nature with with hydrogenhydrogen hellip hellip

HH H-HH-H H-C-hellipH-C-hellip

HH

hellip hellip we should we should go lsquogo lsquoalongrsquo with naturersquo with nature with with biomassbiomass energy and energy and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbonssynthetic hydro-carbons

wwwkosticniuedu

George CrabtreeGeorge Crabtree

Senior Scientist and Director

Materials Science Division

Northern Illinois University

November 5 2004

The Hydrogen EconomyThe Hydrogen EconomyChallenges and Opportunities

A US Department of EnergyOffice of Science LaboratoryOperated by The University of Chicago

Argonne National Laboratory

US Department of Energy

the hydrogen economy requires breakthrough basic research

to find new materials and processesincremental advances in the present state of

the art will not meet the challenge

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

about 20efficiency

about 75efficiency

about 50efficiency

about 33efficiency

wwwkosticniuedu

46 of 6=28 28

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Waste

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Biorefinery SummaryBiomass and Biorefinery Summary

bull Biomass is the Biomass is the only sustainable sourceonly sustainable source of of hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals and plasticsand plastics

bull LargeLarge national and world-wide biomass national and world-wide biomass resource baseresource base

bull Reduction of greenhouse gasReduction of greenhouse gas emissions emissions

bull Will diversify and reinvigorate Will diversify and reinvigorate rural economyrural economy

bull Bio-refineries utilize residueBio-refineries utilize residue from existing industryfrom existing industry

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future OutlookEnergy Future Outlookhellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo hellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo

abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) the following energy future outlook is possiblehellipthe following energy future outlook is possiblehellip

1 Creative adaptation and innovations with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuelsrsquo era)

2 Intelligent hi-tech local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste improve efficiency and quality of environment and life)

3 Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs

4 Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale (to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency)

5 Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials particularly in industry (also in transportation commercial and residential sectors)

6 Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy transportation and chemicals)

7 Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels advanced batteries hydrogenhellip)

8 Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gaphellip)

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

World now World now 13 TWyr yr 13 TWyr yr 410 EJyr 410 EJyr

About 88 years About 88 years 60 coal 60 coal 14 oil 14 oil

and 14 gasand 14 gas

Distinguish between ldquoProvenrdquo (above) and ldquoEstimatedrdquo reserves

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Challenges LocalRegional Pollutionthe six principal air

pollutants(not including CO2)

origin secondary effect

hazard

SOx impurities in fuel acid rainparticilate

s

health crops

corrosion

NOx high T combustion

in air

particulates

ozone acid rain

health

CO incomplete combustion

health reduced

O2 delivery

Particulates

combustionsunlight + NOxSOx

health

Pb chemical industry

health

ground ozone

sunlight + NOx + organics

respiratoryvegetation pollution zones near sources

urban areas power plants

acid rain

wwwkosticniuedu

So what are we going to doSo what are we going to do

wwwkosticniuedu

The energy ldquodifficultiesrdquo hellipThe energy ldquodifficultiesrdquo hellip

bull (1)(1) will be will be more challengingmore challenging than what we anticipate nowthan what we anticipate now

bull (2)(2) NO traditional solutionsNO traditional solutions

bull (3)(3) NewNew knowledge new technology knowledge new technologyand and new living habits and expectationsnew living habits and expectationswill be neededwill be needed

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip bull The The renewable biomass energyrenewable biomass energy (BM) and (BM) and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbons (SynHC) will be will be very important if not criticalvery important if not critical for substitution of fossil fuelshellipfor substitution of fossil fuelshellip

bull hellip hellip since they are since they are natural extensions of fossil fuels the of fossil fuels the existing existing energy infrastructureenergy infrastructure could be could be easily adaptedeasily adapted

bull global global CO2 emission will be balanced during during renewable biomass production renewable biomass production

bull BMampSynHC particularly BMampSynHC particularly promising for for energy storageenergy storage and use in and use in transportationtransportation to replace fossil fuels to replace fossil fuels

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

hellip hellip especially considering the especially considering the Hydrogen factsHydrogen facts

bull (1)(1) hydrogen does not exist in nature as primary energy sourceas primary energy source

bull (2)(2) hydrogen production (from hydrocarbons or water) (from hydrocarbons or water) is is energy inefficient (always net-negative(always net-negative energy storage only) energy storage only)

bull (3)(3) hydrogen storage and distribution are facing are facing a a host of problems that cannot be economically that cannot be economically resolved with present state of knowledge resolved with present state of knowledge

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

Instead of going Instead of going lsquoagainstrsquo the naturelsquoagainstrsquo the nature with with hydrogenhydrogen hellip hellip

HH H-HH-H H-C-hellipH-C-hellip

HH

hellip hellip we should we should go lsquogo lsquoalongrsquo with naturersquo with nature with with biomassbiomass energy and energy and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbonssynthetic hydro-carbons

wwwkosticniuedu

George CrabtreeGeorge Crabtree

Senior Scientist and Director

Materials Science Division

Northern Illinois University

November 5 2004

The Hydrogen EconomyThe Hydrogen EconomyChallenges and Opportunities

A US Department of EnergyOffice of Science LaboratoryOperated by The University of Chicago

Argonne National Laboratory

US Department of Energy

the hydrogen economy requires breakthrough basic research

to find new materials and processesincremental advances in the present state of

the art will not meet the challenge

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

about 20efficiency

about 75efficiency

about 50efficiency

about 33efficiency

wwwkosticniuedu

46 of 6=28 28

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Waste

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Biorefinery SummaryBiomass and Biorefinery Summary

bull Biomass is the Biomass is the only sustainable sourceonly sustainable source of of hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals and plasticsand plastics

bull LargeLarge national and world-wide biomass national and world-wide biomass resource baseresource base

bull Reduction of greenhouse gasReduction of greenhouse gas emissions emissions

bull Will diversify and reinvigorate Will diversify and reinvigorate rural economyrural economy

bull Bio-refineries utilize residueBio-refineries utilize residue from existing industryfrom existing industry

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future OutlookEnergy Future Outlookhellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo hellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo

abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) the following energy future outlook is possiblehellipthe following energy future outlook is possiblehellip

1 Creative adaptation and innovations with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuelsrsquo era)

2 Intelligent hi-tech local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste improve efficiency and quality of environment and life)

3 Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs

4 Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale (to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency)

5 Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials particularly in industry (also in transportation commercial and residential sectors)

6 Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy transportation and chemicals)

7 Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels advanced batteries hydrogenhellip)

8 Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gaphellip)

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Challenges LocalRegional Pollutionthe six principal air

pollutants(not including CO2)

origin secondary effect

hazard

SOx impurities in fuel acid rainparticilate

s

health crops

corrosion

NOx high T combustion

in air

particulates

ozone acid rain

health

CO incomplete combustion

health reduced

O2 delivery

Particulates

combustionsunlight + NOxSOx

health

Pb chemical industry

health

ground ozone

sunlight + NOx + organics

respiratoryvegetation pollution zones near sources

urban areas power plants

acid rain

wwwkosticniuedu

So what are we going to doSo what are we going to do

wwwkosticniuedu

The energy ldquodifficultiesrdquo hellipThe energy ldquodifficultiesrdquo hellip

bull (1)(1) will be will be more challengingmore challenging than what we anticipate nowthan what we anticipate now

bull (2)(2) NO traditional solutionsNO traditional solutions

bull (3)(3) NewNew knowledge new technology knowledge new technologyand and new living habits and expectationsnew living habits and expectationswill be neededwill be needed

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip bull The The renewable biomass energyrenewable biomass energy (BM) and (BM) and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbons (SynHC) will be will be very important if not criticalvery important if not critical for substitution of fossil fuelshellipfor substitution of fossil fuelshellip

bull hellip hellip since they are since they are natural extensions of fossil fuels the of fossil fuels the existing existing energy infrastructureenergy infrastructure could be could be easily adaptedeasily adapted

bull global global CO2 emission will be balanced during during renewable biomass production renewable biomass production

bull BMampSynHC particularly BMampSynHC particularly promising for for energy storageenergy storage and use in and use in transportationtransportation to replace fossil fuels to replace fossil fuels

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

hellip hellip especially considering the especially considering the Hydrogen factsHydrogen facts

bull (1)(1) hydrogen does not exist in nature as primary energy sourceas primary energy source

bull (2)(2) hydrogen production (from hydrocarbons or water) (from hydrocarbons or water) is is energy inefficient (always net-negative(always net-negative energy storage only) energy storage only)

bull (3)(3) hydrogen storage and distribution are facing are facing a a host of problems that cannot be economically that cannot be economically resolved with present state of knowledge resolved with present state of knowledge

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

Instead of going Instead of going lsquoagainstrsquo the naturelsquoagainstrsquo the nature with with hydrogenhydrogen hellip hellip

HH H-HH-H H-C-hellipH-C-hellip

HH

hellip hellip we should we should go lsquogo lsquoalongrsquo with naturersquo with nature with with biomassbiomass energy and energy and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbonssynthetic hydro-carbons

wwwkosticniuedu

George CrabtreeGeorge Crabtree

Senior Scientist and Director

Materials Science Division

Northern Illinois University

November 5 2004

The Hydrogen EconomyThe Hydrogen EconomyChallenges and Opportunities

A US Department of EnergyOffice of Science LaboratoryOperated by The University of Chicago

Argonne National Laboratory

US Department of Energy

the hydrogen economy requires breakthrough basic research

to find new materials and processesincremental advances in the present state of

the art will not meet the challenge

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

about 20efficiency

about 75efficiency

about 50efficiency

about 33efficiency

wwwkosticniuedu

46 of 6=28 28

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Waste

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Biorefinery SummaryBiomass and Biorefinery Summary

bull Biomass is the Biomass is the only sustainable sourceonly sustainable source of of hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals and plasticsand plastics

bull LargeLarge national and world-wide biomass national and world-wide biomass resource baseresource base

bull Reduction of greenhouse gasReduction of greenhouse gas emissions emissions

bull Will diversify and reinvigorate Will diversify and reinvigorate rural economyrural economy

bull Bio-refineries utilize residueBio-refineries utilize residue from existing industryfrom existing industry

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future OutlookEnergy Future Outlookhellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo hellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo

abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) the following energy future outlook is possiblehellipthe following energy future outlook is possiblehellip

1 Creative adaptation and innovations with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuelsrsquo era)

2 Intelligent hi-tech local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste improve efficiency and quality of environment and life)

3 Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs

4 Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale (to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency)

5 Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials particularly in industry (also in transportation commercial and residential sectors)

6 Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy transportation and chemicals)

7 Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels advanced batteries hydrogenhellip)

8 Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gaphellip)

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

So what are we going to doSo what are we going to do

wwwkosticniuedu

The energy ldquodifficultiesrdquo hellipThe energy ldquodifficultiesrdquo hellip

bull (1)(1) will be will be more challengingmore challenging than what we anticipate nowthan what we anticipate now

bull (2)(2) NO traditional solutionsNO traditional solutions

bull (3)(3) NewNew knowledge new technology knowledge new technologyand and new living habits and expectationsnew living habits and expectationswill be neededwill be needed

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip bull The The renewable biomass energyrenewable biomass energy (BM) and (BM) and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbons (SynHC) will be will be very important if not criticalvery important if not critical for substitution of fossil fuelshellipfor substitution of fossil fuelshellip

bull hellip hellip since they are since they are natural extensions of fossil fuels the of fossil fuels the existing existing energy infrastructureenergy infrastructure could be could be easily adaptedeasily adapted

bull global global CO2 emission will be balanced during during renewable biomass production renewable biomass production

bull BMampSynHC particularly BMampSynHC particularly promising for for energy storageenergy storage and use in and use in transportationtransportation to replace fossil fuels to replace fossil fuels

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

hellip hellip especially considering the especially considering the Hydrogen factsHydrogen facts

bull (1)(1) hydrogen does not exist in nature as primary energy sourceas primary energy source

bull (2)(2) hydrogen production (from hydrocarbons or water) (from hydrocarbons or water) is is energy inefficient (always net-negative(always net-negative energy storage only) energy storage only)

bull (3)(3) hydrogen storage and distribution are facing are facing a a host of problems that cannot be economically that cannot be economically resolved with present state of knowledge resolved with present state of knowledge

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

Instead of going Instead of going lsquoagainstrsquo the naturelsquoagainstrsquo the nature with with hydrogenhydrogen hellip hellip

HH H-HH-H H-C-hellipH-C-hellip

HH

hellip hellip we should we should go lsquogo lsquoalongrsquo with naturersquo with nature with with biomassbiomass energy and energy and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbonssynthetic hydro-carbons

wwwkosticniuedu

George CrabtreeGeorge Crabtree

Senior Scientist and Director

Materials Science Division

Northern Illinois University

November 5 2004

The Hydrogen EconomyThe Hydrogen EconomyChallenges and Opportunities

A US Department of EnergyOffice of Science LaboratoryOperated by The University of Chicago

Argonne National Laboratory

US Department of Energy

the hydrogen economy requires breakthrough basic research

to find new materials and processesincremental advances in the present state of

the art will not meet the challenge

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

about 20efficiency

about 75efficiency

about 50efficiency

about 33efficiency

wwwkosticniuedu

46 of 6=28 28

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Waste

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Biorefinery SummaryBiomass and Biorefinery Summary

bull Biomass is the Biomass is the only sustainable sourceonly sustainable source of of hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals and plasticsand plastics

bull LargeLarge national and world-wide biomass national and world-wide biomass resource baseresource base

bull Reduction of greenhouse gasReduction of greenhouse gas emissions emissions

bull Will diversify and reinvigorate Will diversify and reinvigorate rural economyrural economy

bull Bio-refineries utilize residueBio-refineries utilize residue from existing industryfrom existing industry

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future OutlookEnergy Future Outlookhellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo hellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo

abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) the following energy future outlook is possiblehellipthe following energy future outlook is possiblehellip

1 Creative adaptation and innovations with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuelsrsquo era)

2 Intelligent hi-tech local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste improve efficiency and quality of environment and life)

3 Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs

4 Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale (to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency)

5 Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials particularly in industry (also in transportation commercial and residential sectors)

6 Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy transportation and chemicals)

7 Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels advanced batteries hydrogenhellip)

8 Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gaphellip)

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

The energy ldquodifficultiesrdquo hellipThe energy ldquodifficultiesrdquo hellip

bull (1)(1) will be will be more challengingmore challenging than what we anticipate nowthan what we anticipate now

bull (2)(2) NO traditional solutionsNO traditional solutions

bull (3)(3) NewNew knowledge new technology knowledge new technologyand and new living habits and expectationsnew living habits and expectationswill be neededwill be needed

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip bull The The renewable biomass energyrenewable biomass energy (BM) and (BM) and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbons (SynHC) will be will be very important if not criticalvery important if not critical for substitution of fossil fuelshellipfor substitution of fossil fuelshellip

bull hellip hellip since they are since they are natural extensions of fossil fuels the of fossil fuels the existing existing energy infrastructureenergy infrastructure could be could be easily adaptedeasily adapted

bull global global CO2 emission will be balanced during during renewable biomass production renewable biomass production

bull BMampSynHC particularly BMampSynHC particularly promising for for energy storageenergy storage and use in and use in transportationtransportation to replace fossil fuels to replace fossil fuels

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

hellip hellip especially considering the especially considering the Hydrogen factsHydrogen facts

bull (1)(1) hydrogen does not exist in nature as primary energy sourceas primary energy source

bull (2)(2) hydrogen production (from hydrocarbons or water) (from hydrocarbons or water) is is energy inefficient (always net-negative(always net-negative energy storage only) energy storage only)

bull (3)(3) hydrogen storage and distribution are facing are facing a a host of problems that cannot be economically that cannot be economically resolved with present state of knowledge resolved with present state of knowledge

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

Instead of going Instead of going lsquoagainstrsquo the naturelsquoagainstrsquo the nature with with hydrogenhydrogen hellip hellip

HH H-HH-H H-C-hellipH-C-hellip

HH

hellip hellip we should we should go lsquogo lsquoalongrsquo with naturersquo with nature with with biomassbiomass energy and energy and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbonssynthetic hydro-carbons

wwwkosticniuedu

George CrabtreeGeorge Crabtree

Senior Scientist and Director

Materials Science Division

Northern Illinois University

November 5 2004

The Hydrogen EconomyThe Hydrogen EconomyChallenges and Opportunities

A US Department of EnergyOffice of Science LaboratoryOperated by The University of Chicago

Argonne National Laboratory

US Department of Energy

the hydrogen economy requires breakthrough basic research

to find new materials and processesincremental advances in the present state of

the art will not meet the challenge

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

about 20efficiency

about 75efficiency

about 50efficiency

about 33efficiency

wwwkosticniuedu

46 of 6=28 28

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Waste

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Biorefinery SummaryBiomass and Biorefinery Summary

bull Biomass is the Biomass is the only sustainable sourceonly sustainable source of of hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals and plasticsand plastics

bull LargeLarge national and world-wide biomass national and world-wide biomass resource baseresource base

bull Reduction of greenhouse gasReduction of greenhouse gas emissions emissions

bull Will diversify and reinvigorate Will diversify and reinvigorate rural economyrural economy

bull Bio-refineries utilize residueBio-refineries utilize residue from existing industryfrom existing industry

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future OutlookEnergy Future Outlookhellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo hellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo

abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) the following energy future outlook is possiblehellipthe following energy future outlook is possiblehellip

1 Creative adaptation and innovations with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuelsrsquo era)

2 Intelligent hi-tech local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste improve efficiency and quality of environment and life)

3 Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs

4 Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale (to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency)

5 Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials particularly in industry (also in transportation commercial and residential sectors)

6 Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy transportation and chemicals)

7 Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels advanced batteries hydrogenhellip)

8 Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gaphellip)

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip bull The The renewable biomass energyrenewable biomass energy (BM) and (BM) and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbons (SynHC) will be will be very important if not criticalvery important if not critical for substitution of fossil fuelshellipfor substitution of fossil fuelshellip

bull hellip hellip since they are since they are natural extensions of fossil fuels the of fossil fuels the existing existing energy infrastructureenergy infrastructure could be could be easily adaptedeasily adapted

bull global global CO2 emission will be balanced during during renewable biomass production renewable biomass production

bull BMampSynHC particularly BMampSynHC particularly promising for for energy storageenergy storage and use in and use in transportationtransportation to replace fossil fuels to replace fossil fuels

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

hellip hellip especially considering the especially considering the Hydrogen factsHydrogen facts

bull (1)(1) hydrogen does not exist in nature as primary energy sourceas primary energy source

bull (2)(2) hydrogen production (from hydrocarbons or water) (from hydrocarbons or water) is is energy inefficient (always net-negative(always net-negative energy storage only) energy storage only)

bull (3)(3) hydrogen storage and distribution are facing are facing a a host of problems that cannot be economically that cannot be economically resolved with present state of knowledge resolved with present state of knowledge

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

Instead of going Instead of going lsquoagainstrsquo the naturelsquoagainstrsquo the nature with with hydrogenhydrogen hellip hellip

HH H-HH-H H-C-hellipH-C-hellip

HH

hellip hellip we should we should go lsquogo lsquoalongrsquo with naturersquo with nature with with biomassbiomass energy and energy and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbonssynthetic hydro-carbons

wwwkosticniuedu

George CrabtreeGeorge Crabtree

Senior Scientist and Director

Materials Science Division

Northern Illinois University

November 5 2004

The Hydrogen EconomyThe Hydrogen EconomyChallenges and Opportunities

A US Department of EnergyOffice of Science LaboratoryOperated by The University of Chicago

Argonne National Laboratory

US Department of Energy

the hydrogen economy requires breakthrough basic research

to find new materials and processesincremental advances in the present state of

the art will not meet the challenge

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

about 20efficiency

about 75efficiency

about 50efficiency

about 33efficiency

wwwkosticniuedu

46 of 6=28 28

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Waste

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Biorefinery SummaryBiomass and Biorefinery Summary

bull Biomass is the Biomass is the only sustainable sourceonly sustainable source of of hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals and plasticsand plastics

bull LargeLarge national and world-wide biomass national and world-wide biomass resource baseresource base

bull Reduction of greenhouse gasReduction of greenhouse gas emissions emissions

bull Will diversify and reinvigorate Will diversify and reinvigorate rural economyrural economy

bull Bio-refineries utilize residueBio-refineries utilize residue from existing industryfrom existing industry

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future OutlookEnergy Future Outlookhellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo hellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo

abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) the following energy future outlook is possiblehellipthe following energy future outlook is possiblehellip

1 Creative adaptation and innovations with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuelsrsquo era)

2 Intelligent hi-tech local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste improve efficiency and quality of environment and life)

3 Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs

4 Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale (to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency)

5 Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials particularly in industry (also in transportation commercial and residential sectors)

6 Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy transportation and chemicals)

7 Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels advanced batteries hydrogenhellip)

8 Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gaphellip)

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

hellip hellip especially considering the especially considering the Hydrogen factsHydrogen facts

bull (1)(1) hydrogen does not exist in nature as primary energy sourceas primary energy source

bull (2)(2) hydrogen production (from hydrocarbons or water) (from hydrocarbons or water) is is energy inefficient (always net-negative(always net-negative energy storage only) energy storage only)

bull (3)(3) hydrogen storage and distribution are facing are facing a a host of problems that cannot be economically that cannot be economically resolved with present state of knowledge resolved with present state of knowledge

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

Instead of going Instead of going lsquoagainstrsquo the naturelsquoagainstrsquo the nature with with hydrogenhydrogen hellip hellip

HH H-HH-H H-C-hellipH-C-hellip

HH

hellip hellip we should we should go lsquogo lsquoalongrsquo with naturersquo with nature with with biomassbiomass energy and energy and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbonssynthetic hydro-carbons

wwwkosticniuedu

George CrabtreeGeorge Crabtree

Senior Scientist and Director

Materials Science Division

Northern Illinois University

November 5 2004

The Hydrogen EconomyThe Hydrogen EconomyChallenges and Opportunities

A US Department of EnergyOffice of Science LaboratoryOperated by The University of Chicago

Argonne National Laboratory

US Department of Energy

the hydrogen economy requires breakthrough basic research

to find new materials and processesincremental advances in the present state of

the art will not meet the challenge

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

about 20efficiency

about 75efficiency

about 50efficiency

about 33efficiency

wwwkosticniuedu

46 of 6=28 28

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Waste

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Biorefinery SummaryBiomass and Biorefinery Summary

bull Biomass is the Biomass is the only sustainable sourceonly sustainable source of of hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals and plasticsand plastics

bull LargeLarge national and world-wide biomass national and world-wide biomass resource baseresource base

bull Reduction of greenhouse gasReduction of greenhouse gas emissions emissions

bull Will diversify and reinvigorate Will diversify and reinvigorate rural economyrural economy

bull Bio-refineries utilize residueBio-refineries utilize residue from existing industryfrom existing industry

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future OutlookEnergy Future Outlookhellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo hellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo

abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) the following energy future outlook is possiblehellipthe following energy future outlook is possiblehellip

1 Creative adaptation and innovations with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuelsrsquo era)

2 Intelligent hi-tech local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste improve efficiency and quality of environment and life)

3 Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs

4 Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale (to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency)

5 Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials particularly in industry (also in transportation commercial and residential sectors)

6 Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy transportation and chemicals)

7 Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels advanced batteries hydrogenhellip)

8 Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gaphellip)

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

The renewable biomass energy The renewable biomass energy and development of and development of

synthetic hydro-carbons hellipsynthetic hydro-carbons hellip

Instead of going Instead of going lsquoagainstrsquo the naturelsquoagainstrsquo the nature with with hydrogenhydrogen hellip hellip

HH H-HH-H H-C-hellipH-C-hellip

HH

hellip hellip we should we should go lsquogo lsquoalongrsquo with naturersquo with nature with with biomassbiomass energy and energy and

development of development of synthetic hydro-carbonssynthetic hydro-carbons

wwwkosticniuedu

George CrabtreeGeorge Crabtree

Senior Scientist and Director

Materials Science Division

Northern Illinois University

November 5 2004

The Hydrogen EconomyThe Hydrogen EconomyChallenges and Opportunities

A US Department of EnergyOffice of Science LaboratoryOperated by The University of Chicago

Argonne National Laboratory

US Department of Energy

the hydrogen economy requires breakthrough basic research

to find new materials and processesincremental advances in the present state of

the art will not meet the challenge

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

about 20efficiency

about 75efficiency

about 50efficiency

about 33efficiency

wwwkosticniuedu

46 of 6=28 28

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Waste

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Biorefinery SummaryBiomass and Biorefinery Summary

bull Biomass is the Biomass is the only sustainable sourceonly sustainable source of of hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals and plasticsand plastics

bull LargeLarge national and world-wide biomass national and world-wide biomass resource baseresource base

bull Reduction of greenhouse gasReduction of greenhouse gas emissions emissions

bull Will diversify and reinvigorate Will diversify and reinvigorate rural economyrural economy

bull Bio-refineries utilize residueBio-refineries utilize residue from existing industryfrom existing industry

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future OutlookEnergy Future Outlookhellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo hellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo

abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) the following energy future outlook is possiblehellipthe following energy future outlook is possiblehellip

1 Creative adaptation and innovations with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuelsrsquo era)

2 Intelligent hi-tech local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste improve efficiency and quality of environment and life)

3 Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs

4 Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale (to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency)

5 Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials particularly in industry (also in transportation commercial and residential sectors)

6 Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy transportation and chemicals)

7 Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels advanced batteries hydrogenhellip)

8 Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gaphellip)

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

George CrabtreeGeorge Crabtree

Senior Scientist and Director

Materials Science Division

Northern Illinois University

November 5 2004

The Hydrogen EconomyThe Hydrogen EconomyChallenges and Opportunities

A US Department of EnergyOffice of Science LaboratoryOperated by The University of Chicago

Argonne National Laboratory

US Department of Energy

the hydrogen economy requires breakthrough basic research

to find new materials and processesincremental advances in the present state of

the art will not meet the challenge

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

about 20efficiency

about 75efficiency

about 50efficiency

about 33efficiency

wwwkosticniuedu

46 of 6=28 28

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Waste

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Biorefinery SummaryBiomass and Biorefinery Summary

bull Biomass is the Biomass is the only sustainable sourceonly sustainable source of of hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals and plasticsand plastics

bull LargeLarge national and world-wide biomass national and world-wide biomass resource baseresource base

bull Reduction of greenhouse gasReduction of greenhouse gas emissions emissions

bull Will diversify and reinvigorate Will diversify and reinvigorate rural economyrural economy

bull Bio-refineries utilize residueBio-refineries utilize residue from existing industryfrom existing industry

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future OutlookEnergy Future Outlookhellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo hellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo

abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) the following energy future outlook is possiblehellipthe following energy future outlook is possiblehellip

1 Creative adaptation and innovations with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuelsrsquo era)

2 Intelligent hi-tech local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste improve efficiency and quality of environment and life)

3 Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs

4 Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale (to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency)

5 Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials particularly in industry (also in transportation commercial and residential sectors)

6 Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy transportation and chemicals)

7 Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels advanced batteries hydrogenhellip)

8 Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gaphellip)

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

about 20efficiency

about 75efficiency

about 50efficiency

about 33efficiency

wwwkosticniuedu

46 of 6=28 28

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Waste

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Biorefinery SummaryBiomass and Biorefinery Summary

bull Biomass is the Biomass is the only sustainable sourceonly sustainable source of of hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals and plasticsand plastics

bull LargeLarge national and world-wide biomass national and world-wide biomass resource baseresource base

bull Reduction of greenhouse gasReduction of greenhouse gas emissions emissions

bull Will diversify and reinvigorate Will diversify and reinvigorate rural economyrural economy

bull Bio-refineries utilize residueBio-refineries utilize residue from existing industryfrom existing industry

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future OutlookEnergy Future Outlookhellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo hellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo

abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) the following energy future outlook is possiblehellipthe following energy future outlook is possiblehellip

1 Creative adaptation and innovations with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuelsrsquo era)

2 Intelligent hi-tech local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste improve efficiency and quality of environment and life)

3 Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs

4 Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale (to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency)

5 Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials particularly in industry (also in transportation commercial and residential sectors)

6 Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy transportation and chemicals)

7 Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels advanced batteries hydrogenhellip)

8 Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gaphellip)

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

about 20efficiency

about 75efficiency

about 50efficiency

about 33efficiency

wwwkosticniuedu

46 of 6=28 28

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Waste

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Biorefinery SummaryBiomass and Biorefinery Summary

bull Biomass is the Biomass is the only sustainable sourceonly sustainable source of of hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals and plasticsand plastics

bull LargeLarge national and world-wide biomass national and world-wide biomass resource baseresource base

bull Reduction of greenhouse gasReduction of greenhouse gas emissions emissions

bull Will diversify and reinvigorate Will diversify and reinvigorate rural economyrural economy

bull Bio-refineries utilize residueBio-refineries utilize residue from existing industryfrom existing industry

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future OutlookEnergy Future Outlookhellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo hellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo

abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) the following energy future outlook is possiblehellipthe following energy future outlook is possiblehellip

1 Creative adaptation and innovations with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuelsrsquo era)

2 Intelligent hi-tech local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste improve efficiency and quality of environment and life)

3 Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs

4 Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale (to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency)

5 Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials particularly in industry (also in transportation commercial and residential sectors)

6 Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy transportation and chemicals)

7 Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels advanced batteries hydrogenhellip)

8 Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gaphellip)

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

46 of 6=28 28

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Waste

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Biorefinery SummaryBiomass and Biorefinery Summary

bull Biomass is the Biomass is the only sustainable sourceonly sustainable source of of hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals and plasticsand plastics

bull LargeLarge national and world-wide biomass national and world-wide biomass resource baseresource base

bull Reduction of greenhouse gasReduction of greenhouse gas emissions emissions

bull Will diversify and reinvigorate Will diversify and reinvigorate rural economyrural economy

bull Bio-refineries utilize residueBio-refineries utilize residue from existing industryfrom existing industry

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future OutlookEnergy Future Outlookhellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo hellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo

abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) the following energy future outlook is possiblehellipthe following energy future outlook is possiblehellip

1 Creative adaptation and innovations with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuelsrsquo era)

2 Intelligent hi-tech local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste improve efficiency and quality of environment and life)

3 Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs

4 Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale (to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency)

5 Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials particularly in industry (also in transportation commercial and residential sectors)

6 Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy transportation and chemicals)

7 Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels advanced batteries hydrogenhellip)

8 Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gaphellip)

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Waste

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Biorefinery SummaryBiomass and Biorefinery Summary

bull Biomass is the Biomass is the only sustainable sourceonly sustainable source of of hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals and plasticsand plastics

bull LargeLarge national and world-wide biomass national and world-wide biomass resource baseresource base

bull Reduction of greenhouse gasReduction of greenhouse gas emissions emissions

bull Will diversify and reinvigorate Will diversify and reinvigorate rural economyrural economy

bull Bio-refineries utilize residueBio-refineries utilize residue from existing industryfrom existing industry

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future OutlookEnergy Future Outlookhellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo hellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo

abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) the following energy future outlook is possiblehellipthe following energy future outlook is possiblehellip

1 Creative adaptation and innovations with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuelsrsquo era)

2 Intelligent hi-tech local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste improve efficiency and quality of environment and life)

3 Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs

4 Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale (to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency)

5 Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials particularly in industry (also in transportation commercial and residential sectors)

6 Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy transportation and chemicals)

7 Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels advanced batteries hydrogenhellip)

8 Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gaphellip)

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Biorefinery SummaryBiomass and Biorefinery Summary

bull Biomass is the Biomass is the only sustainable sourceonly sustainable source of of hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals and plasticsand plastics

bull LargeLarge national and world-wide biomass national and world-wide biomass resource baseresource base

bull Reduction of greenhouse gasReduction of greenhouse gas emissions emissions

bull Will diversify and reinvigorate Will diversify and reinvigorate rural economyrural economy

bull Bio-refineries utilize residueBio-refineries utilize residue from existing industryfrom existing industry

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future OutlookEnergy Future Outlookhellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo hellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo

abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) the following energy future outlook is possiblehellipthe following energy future outlook is possiblehellip

1 Creative adaptation and innovations with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuelsrsquo era)

2 Intelligent hi-tech local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste improve efficiency and quality of environment and life)

3 Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs

4 Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale (to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency)

5 Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials particularly in industry (also in transportation commercial and residential sectors)

6 Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy transportation and chemicals)

7 Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels advanced batteries hydrogenhellip)

8 Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gaphellip)

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Biorefinery SummaryBiomass and Biorefinery Summary

bull Biomass is the Biomass is the only sustainable sourceonly sustainable source of of hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals and plasticsand plastics

bull LargeLarge national and world-wide biomass national and world-wide biomass resource baseresource base

bull Reduction of greenhouse gasReduction of greenhouse gas emissions emissions

bull Will diversify and reinvigorate Will diversify and reinvigorate rural economyrural economy

bull Bio-refineries utilize residueBio-refineries utilize residue from existing industryfrom existing industry

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future OutlookEnergy Future Outlookhellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo hellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo

abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) the following energy future outlook is possiblehellipthe following energy future outlook is possiblehellip

1 Creative adaptation and innovations with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuelsrsquo era)

2 Intelligent hi-tech local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste improve efficiency and quality of environment and life)

3 Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs

4 Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale (to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency)

5 Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials particularly in industry (also in transportation commercial and residential sectors)

6 Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy transportation and chemicals)

7 Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels advanced batteries hydrogenhellip)

8 Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gaphellip)

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Biorefinery SummaryBiomass and Biorefinery Summary

bull Biomass is the Biomass is the only sustainable sourceonly sustainable source of of hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals and plasticsand plastics

bull LargeLarge national and world-wide biomass national and world-wide biomass resource baseresource base

bull Reduction of greenhouse gasReduction of greenhouse gas emissions emissions

bull Will diversify and reinvigorate Will diversify and reinvigorate rural economyrural economy

bull Bio-refineries utilize residueBio-refineries utilize residue from existing industryfrom existing industry

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future OutlookEnergy Future Outlookhellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo hellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo

abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) the following energy future outlook is possiblehellipthe following energy future outlook is possiblehellip

1 Creative adaptation and innovations with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuelsrsquo era)

2 Intelligent hi-tech local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste improve efficiency and quality of environment and life)

3 Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs

4 Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale (to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency)

5 Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials particularly in industry (also in transportation commercial and residential sectors)

6 Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy transportation and chemicals)

7 Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels advanced batteries hydrogenhellip)

8 Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gaphellip)

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Biorefinery SummaryBiomass and Biorefinery Summary

bull Biomass is the Biomass is the only sustainable sourceonly sustainable source of of hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals and plasticsand plastics

bull LargeLarge national and world-wide biomass national and world-wide biomass resource baseresource base

bull Reduction of greenhouse gasReduction of greenhouse gas emissions emissions

bull Will diversify and reinvigorate Will diversify and reinvigorate rural economyrural economy

bull Bio-refineries utilize residueBio-refineries utilize residue from existing industryfrom existing industry

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future OutlookEnergy Future Outlookhellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo hellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo

abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) the following energy future outlook is possiblehellipthe following energy future outlook is possiblehellip

1 Creative adaptation and innovations with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuelsrsquo era)

2 Intelligent hi-tech local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste improve efficiency and quality of environment and life)

3 Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs

4 Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale (to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency)

5 Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials particularly in industry (also in transportation commercial and residential sectors)

6 Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy transportation and chemicals)

7 Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels advanced batteries hydrogenhellip)

8 Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gaphellip)

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Biorefinery SummaryBiomass and Biorefinery Summary

bull Biomass is the Biomass is the only sustainable sourceonly sustainable source of of hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals and plasticsand plastics

bull LargeLarge national and world-wide biomass national and world-wide biomass resource baseresource base

bull Reduction of greenhouse gasReduction of greenhouse gas emissions emissions

bull Will diversify and reinvigorate Will diversify and reinvigorate rural economyrural economy

bull Bio-refineries utilize residueBio-refineries utilize residue from existing industryfrom existing industry

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future OutlookEnergy Future Outlookhellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo hellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo

abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) the following energy future outlook is possiblehellipthe following energy future outlook is possiblehellip

1 Creative adaptation and innovations with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuelsrsquo era)

2 Intelligent hi-tech local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste improve efficiency and quality of environment and life)

3 Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs

4 Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale (to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency)

5 Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials particularly in industry (also in transportation commercial and residential sectors)

6 Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy transportation and chemicals)

7 Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels advanced batteries hydrogenhellip)

8 Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gaphellip)

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Biorefinery SummaryBiomass and Biorefinery Summary

bull Biomass is the Biomass is the only sustainable sourceonly sustainable source of of hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals and plasticsand plastics

bull LargeLarge national and world-wide biomass national and world-wide biomass resource baseresource base

bull Reduction of greenhouse gasReduction of greenhouse gas emissions emissions

bull Will diversify and reinvigorate Will diversify and reinvigorate rural economyrural economy

bull Bio-refineries utilize residueBio-refineries utilize residue from existing industryfrom existing industry

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future OutlookEnergy Future Outlookhellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo hellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo

abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) the following energy future outlook is possiblehellipthe following energy future outlook is possiblehellip

1 Creative adaptation and innovations with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuelsrsquo era)

2 Intelligent hi-tech local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste improve efficiency and quality of environment and life)

3 Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs

4 Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale (to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency)

5 Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials particularly in industry (also in transportation commercial and residential sectors)

6 Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy transportation and chemicals)

7 Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels advanced batteries hydrogenhellip)

8 Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gaphellip)

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Biorefinery SummaryBiomass and Biorefinery Summary

bull Biomass is the Biomass is the only sustainable sourceonly sustainable source of of hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals and plasticsand plastics

bull LargeLarge national and world-wide biomass national and world-wide biomass resource baseresource base

bull Reduction of greenhouse gasReduction of greenhouse gas emissions emissions

bull Will diversify and reinvigorate Will diversify and reinvigorate rural economyrural economy

bull Bio-refineries utilize residueBio-refineries utilize residue from existing industryfrom existing industry

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future OutlookEnergy Future Outlookhellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo hellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo

abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) the following energy future outlook is possiblehellipthe following energy future outlook is possiblehellip

1 Creative adaptation and innovations with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuelsrsquo era)

2 Intelligent hi-tech local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste improve efficiency and quality of environment and life)

3 Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs

4 Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale (to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency)

5 Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials particularly in industry (also in transportation commercial and residential sectors)

6 Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy transportation and chemicals)

7 Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels advanced batteries hydrogenhellip)

8 Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gaphellip)

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Biorefinery SummaryBiomass and Biorefinery Summary

bull Biomass is the Biomass is the only sustainable sourceonly sustainable source of of hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals and plasticsand plastics

bull LargeLarge national and world-wide biomass national and world-wide biomass resource baseresource base

bull Reduction of greenhouse gasReduction of greenhouse gas emissions emissions

bull Will diversify and reinvigorate Will diversify and reinvigorate rural economyrural economy

bull Bio-refineries utilize residueBio-refineries utilize residue from existing industryfrom existing industry

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future OutlookEnergy Future Outlookhellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo hellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo

abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) the following energy future outlook is possiblehellipthe following energy future outlook is possiblehellip

1 Creative adaptation and innovations with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuelsrsquo era)

2 Intelligent hi-tech local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste improve efficiency and quality of environment and life)

3 Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs

4 Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale (to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency)

5 Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials particularly in industry (also in transportation commercial and residential sectors)

6 Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy transportation and chemicals)

7 Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels advanced batteries hydrogenhellip)

8 Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gaphellip)

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

Biomass and Biorefinery SummaryBiomass and Biorefinery Summary

bull Biomass is the Biomass is the only sustainable sourceonly sustainable source of of hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals hydrocarbon-based fuels petrochemicals and plasticsand plastics

bull LargeLarge national and world-wide biomass national and world-wide biomass resource baseresource base

bull Reduction of greenhouse gasReduction of greenhouse gas emissions emissions

bull Will diversify and reinvigorate Will diversify and reinvigorate rural economyrural economy

bull Bio-refineries utilize residueBio-refineries utilize residue from existing industryfrom existing industry

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future OutlookEnergy Future Outlookhellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo hellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo

abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) the following energy future outlook is possiblehellipthe following energy future outlook is possiblehellip

1 Creative adaptation and innovations with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuelsrsquo era)

2 Intelligent hi-tech local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste improve efficiency and quality of environment and life)

3 Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs

4 Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale (to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency)

5 Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials particularly in industry (also in transportation commercial and residential sectors)

6 Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy transportation and chemicals)

7 Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels advanced batteries hydrogenhellip)

8 Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gaphellip)

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

Energy Future OutlookEnergy Future Outlookhellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo hellipa probable scenario hellip in the wake of a short history of fossil fuelsrsquo

abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) abundance and use (a bleep on a human history radar screen) the following energy future outlook is possiblehellipthe following energy future outlook is possiblehellip

1 Creative adaptation and innovations with change of societal and human habits and expectations (life could be happier after fossil fuelsrsquo era)

2 Intelligent hi-tech local and global energy management in wide sense (to reduce waste improve efficiency and quality of environment and life)

3 Nuclear energy and re-electrification for most of stationary energy needs

4 Cogeneration and integration of power generation and new industry at global scale (to close the cycles at sources thus protecting environment and increasing efficiency)

5 Energy conservation and regeneration have unforeseen (higher order of magnitude) and large potentials particularly in industry (also in transportation commercial and residential sectors)

6 Renewable biomass and synthetic hydro-carbons for fossil fuel replacement (mobile energy transportation and chemicals)

7 Advanced energy storage (synthetic fuels advanced batteries hydrogenhellip)

8 Redistributed solar-related and other renewable energies (to fill in the gaphellip)

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

Thanks (for sharing their presentations with me) toThanks (for sharing their presentations with me) to Dr George Crabtree Dr George Crabtree Materials Science Division

Dr Romesh KumarDr Romesh Kumar Chemical Engineering DivisionArgonne National LaboratoryArgonne National Laboratory

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22

wwwkosticniuedu

More information at wwwkosticniueduenergy

2000 kcalday2000 kcalday100 Watt100 Watt

World ProdWorld Prod2200 Wattp2200 Wattp

275 W275 Welecelecpp

USA ProdUSA Prod12000 Wattp12000 Wattp

1500 W1500 Welecelecpp

137 kWm137 kWm22 12 12 165 Wm 165 Wm22