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WWII
In The Pacific
VS
Douglas McArthur U.S. General in the Pacific
Battles/wars Mexican Revolution
*Battle of Vera Cruz World War I *Champagne-Marne Offensive *Second Battle of the Marne *Battle of Saint-Mihiel *Battle of the Argonne Forest World War II *First Philippines Campaign *New Guinea Campaign *Solomon Islands Campaign *Second Philippines Campaign Korean War *Battle of Incheon
Awards Medal of Honor
Distinguished Service Cross (3) Army Distinguished Service Medal (5) Navy Distinguished Service Medal Distinguished Flying Cross Silver Star (7) Bronze Star Purple Heart (2)
Pearl Harbor attack missed U.S. Subs & Aircraft Carriers.
Doolittle Raid
April 18th 1942 Pearl Harbor style bombing of Tokyo.
Lifts American Spirits.
April 1942: Lt. Col. James H. Doolittle and Capt. Marc A. Mitscher with members of Doolittle's Raiders while en route to Japan on board USS Hornet CV-8.
April 1942: USS Hornet CV-8 at sea loaded with the 16 B-25 Mitchell bombers that would be used in the raid.
April 18, 1942: A B-25 begins take off for the raid on Japan.
April 18, 1942: A B-25 Mitchell bomber takes off from the USS Hornet CV-8.
April 18, 1942: Launching the Doolittle Raid from USS Hornet CV-8.
Following the Doolittle Raid, most of the B-25’s crew that came down in China eventually made it to safety with the help of Chinese civilians and soldiers. The Japanese killed an estimated 250,000 Chinese civilians while searching for Doolittle's men.
Of the 10 missing crew:
2 died upon crash landing, 8 were captured, tortured and starved. 3 were executed, 2 died in captivity and 3 were rescued at the end of the war.
Battle of the Coral Sea - May 4-8th 1942
U.S. & Australian forces stop advance of Japanese towards Australia.
1st time since Pearl Harbor a Japanese advance was stopped.
The Battle of Midway June 4-6th, 1942
U.S. broke Japanese codes and knew of attack on Midway.
U.S. attacked Japan’s fleet resulting in 4 Carriers, 1 Cruiser, 250 Planes destroyed.
Midway was a turning point.
Devastates Japanese Fleet.
Lead to ―Island Hopping‖ Strategy.
Allies go on the Offensive Battle of Guadalcanal: Aug 1942 – Feb 1943
Air field secured on the Island of Guadalcanal.
Important launching pad for attack on Philippines.
Us troops dragging Japanese from their bunker on Guadalcanal
Japans Defense:
Threw entire fleet into Battle of Philippines
Oct 20, 1944-wars end
Kamikaze attacks!
Japan lost 80,000 men 3 Battleships, 4 aircraft carriers, 13 Cruisers, 500 Planes!
Gen. MacArthur returns!
Japanese Navy is virtually destroyed!
Battle of Iwo Jima February 19 - March 26, 1945
Critical as a base to launch bombing raids of Japan.
Heavily defended – 20,700 Japanese hiding in tunnels & caves.
Heaviest U.S. casualties – 6,000 Marines.
Only 200 Japanese survived.
See website!
http://www.iwojima.com/
Firebombing of Japan March 9, 1945
Napalm – Gasoline filled bombs = FIRES!
67 cities were firebombed.
In Tokyo alone - 80,000 dead 250,000 buildings destroyed!
―The fires were incredible . . . with flames leaping hundreds of feet into the air. . . . Many people were
gasping for breath. With every passing moment the air became more foul . . . the noise was a continuing crashing roar. . . . Fire-winds filled with burning particles rushed up and down the streets. I watched people . . . running for their lives. . . . The flames raced after them like living things, striking them down. . . . Wherever I turned my eyes, I saw people . . . seeking air to breathe.‖
—quoted in New History of World War II
The use of firebombs was very controversial because the fires would also kill civilians; however, LeMay could think of no other way to destroy Japan’s war production quickly. Loaded with firebombs, B-29s attacked Tokyo on March 9, 1945. As strong winds fanned the flames, the firestorm grew so intense that it sucked the oxygen out of the air, asphyxiating thousands. As one survivor later recalled:
The Battle for Okinawa
One of the most Brutal of the Pacific Battles.
Japanese dug into the mountains.
12,000 U.S. dead.
By June 1945. Americans took the Island.
Dropping the Atomic Bomb Aug 6th 1945 Hiroshima & Aug 9th 1945 Nagasaki
The bomb destroyed 76,000 buildings—about 63 percent of the city. Somewhere between 80,000 and 120,000 people died instantly, and thousands more died later from burns and radiation sickness. Everywhere, as witness Nozaki Kiyoshi recalled, were ―horrific scenes‖:
―The center of the city was still burning bright red, like live charcoal. Roof tiles were popping. We passed numerous war dead who had been carbonized. . . . We found five or six half-burned roofless streetcars. Inside were piles of corpses smoldering under white smoke. . . . A young mother lay face down, her baby tucked under her breast. They looked more like pink wax dolls than human beings.‖ —quoted in Senso: The Japanese Remember the Pacific War
V-J Day! August 15th 1945
Surrender is signed onboard the USS Missouri
Commander William J. Kitchell leads General of the Army Douglas MacArthur and Fleet Admiral Chester W. Nimitz to the table where the surrender will be signed.
A new organization was set up in 1945 to keep the peace called the United Nations.
UN Security Council: 5 Permanent members: U.S., Russia, France, Great Britain, and China all they all have veto power.
Nuremberg Trials – Trials of Nazi and Japanese leaders between 1945-1949.
executed or jailed.
Modern Marvels: The Manhattan Project Video – 45 min
