Allegory: A narrative story where it is easy to apply to another group of characters Usually told to teach

Analogy: A comparison showing the things that are the sae between two things, people or situations An Extended metaphor or simile

Ambiguity: When there is more than one possible meaning

Alliteration: Repetition of a vowel sound in words with close connection

Assonance: Repetition of a vowel sound in words with close connection

Antithesis: The opposite or contrast Involves the balancing of one point of view against another

Appropriation: Taking over or possessing something for personal use We ‘lift’ material from a certain source and we can transform it

Cliché: A phrase or expression which was once novel, vivid and exciting but which has been so overused that

it lacks real meaningEuphemism:

An expression used to avoid directly saying something distasteful, unpleasant or confronting An avoidance technique for talking about something that everyone understands but people avoid

expression directly Figurative Language:

Language that means more than the literal (exact) meaning of the words It’s intended to enhance our understanding of feelings or images

Figures of speech: The devices used by writers to convey more meaning and to create better images that ordinary

language can conveyIdiom:

An expression or way of speaking which is peculiar to a language Local people understand it to mean something other than it’s literal translation

Imagery: The picture or image created in our imagination by writers choice of words

Irony: It is when the MEANING (that the audience is to understand) Differs from what is ACTUALLY being

said or done. One is the ‘secret’ the other is not.Oxymoron:

This is a seeming contradiction between two words in close connection.Jargon:

Language that is particular to a group in society Differs from slang because it is acceptable in a formal setting

Pun: A play on words It is dependant on two words sounding similar on their being two meaning for the same word

Vector: Lines in a photograph, painting or picture that draw the eye to a particular object or person They can show a relationship between objects or people in a picture

Parody: An imitation or mimicking of a text especially using exaggeration to create humour.

What are the techniques of Descriptive Writing?

An appeal to the responders senses (Visual, auditory, smell, taste, touch) Use of detail to create descriptive language The use of vivid verbs to describe actions EG. Whirled, bellowed, engulfed etc. The use of effective adjectives to describe nouns EG. Bedraggled, fatuous etc. Listing of objects or verbs to accumulate an image Realistic dialogue to convey character and speech patterns Sentence control – use of short or complex sentences Effective pauses – controlled by punctuation Creation of an effective mood/atmosphere/tone The use of figurative devices to create imagery:

SIMILE: A figure of speech that expresses a resemblance between things of different kinds (usually formed

with 'like' or 'as') METAPHORS:

Metaphors are comparisons that show how two things that are not alike in most ways are similar in one important way. Metaphors are a way to describe something. Authors use them to make their writing more interesting or entertaining.

Unlike similes that use the words “as” or “like” to make a comparison, metaphors state that something is something else. EG. We would have had more pizza to eat if Tammy hadn’t been such a hog.

PERSONIFICATION: Is giving human traits (qualities, feelings, action, or characteristics) to non-living objects (things,

colours, qualities, or ideas). EG. The window winked at me. The verb, wink, is a human action. A window is a non-living object.

HYPERBOLE: (Exaggeration) Hyperbole is a figure of speech which is an exaggeration. Persons often use expressions such as "I

nearly died laughing," "I was hopping mad," and "I tried a thousand times." Such statements are not literally true, but people make them to sound impressive or to emphasize something, such as a feeling, effort, or reaction.

CONNOTATIVE WORDS AND PHRASES: invoke feeling Connotative words are words that have a little bit of "extra" meaning to them. EG. I can say "She is a

hot woman". Or, I can say "She is a hot chick"Both "woman" and "chick" refer to females, however chick has a slightly negative connotation and woman has more of a neutral connotation.

PARADOXES: Can be an apparently true statement or group of statements that leads to a contradiction or a

situation which defies intuition. EG. What runs but has no legs.. your nose.OXYMORONS:

Is a figure of speech that combines two normally contradictory terms. EG. Fine Mess, Almost Totally.

ONOMATOPOEIA: Onomatopoeia is a type of word that sounds like the thing it is describing.

RHYME: Is a repetition of identical or similar sounds in two or more different words and is most often used in

poetry.RHYTHM:

Is the variation of the length and accentuation of a series of sounds or other events.JUXTAPOSITION:

Two words being placed next to each other to emphasize contrast or comparison.REPETITION:

T he act or an instance of repeating or being repeated. COLLOQUIAL LANGUAGE:

Informal language, that is not rude, but would not be used in formal situations. Not used in formal speech or writing.

SLANG:

Is the use of informal words and expressions to describe an object or condition. Slang is vocabulary that is meant to be interpreted quickly but not necessarily literally, as slang words or terms are often a metaphor or an allegory.