Writing into the Day

Guernica•What is the mood of the painting?•What symbols can you make out in the painting?•What do these symbols mean?•What is the Purpose of this painting?•What is the value of this painting as a historical primary source?•What are the limitations of a painting in terms of its value as a historical primary source?

Starnes 29 Quiz1. This was an artistic movement of the 1920s, most notably

characterized by the work of Pablo Picaso.2. This intergovernmental organization is made up of Canada, South

Africa, Australia, and other former members of the British Empire (Mozambique and Rwanda excepted).

3. This was an ultra nationalist right wing movement developed under Mussolini.

4. He was a Mexican Revolutionary and President of Mexico from 1911 to 1913.

5. This group led the October Revolution(Which happened in November on western Calendars) in Russia, establishing communist rule.

6. He was a survivor of the Long March who founded a new type of communism in China.

7. He was the Nationalist opponent of communism in China, we was ultimately defeated and retreated to Taiwan

8. What was the significance of the Sudetan Land and the Rhineland?9. This populist nationalist leader came to power in Argentina in 194610. He was the nationalistic Prime Minister of Japan during WWII

Socialism,Communism,

Fascism

Let’s Review…

• Liberalism was a reaction to feudal society, involving:focus on the individual, idea of responsible

gov’t, support for Laissez-Faire capitalism, belief in individual rights and freedoms

• Conservatism was a reaction to Liberalism, involving:desire to preserve tradition, support for

common values, belief in strong gov’t control, idea that hierarchy and inequality were natural, support for aristocracies, suspicion of Laissez-Faire capitalism

Comparing the two…

LIBERALISM• man is naturally good• gov’t should interfere

as little as possible in economic and social lives

• individual rights are most important

• people give gov’t the authority to rule, and can take it away if they are unhappy

CONSERVATISM• man can be evil• gov’t should control

economic and social/moral lives

• stability and order of society most important

• class hierarchy is natural, and so right to rule is hereditary

Socialism

• a reaction to the IndustrialRevolution, characterized by:

– rejection of the idea that the wealthy “deserve their wealth” because they created it - but instead an argument that wealthy exploit working classes

– vision of society based on economic equality

– belief in cooperation, production for benefit of all

– idea of public ownership of means of production

Socialism vs. Liberalism

AGREE that…• all people deserve equal treatment

DISAGREE about…• unlike Liberalism, Socialism did not

believe people could develop individually

• Socialism is not suspicious of the state – in fact, Socialists rely on gov’t to regulate services and to provide for common good

Marx and Socialism

• German Socialist writer (1818 – 1883)• believed society wasn’t made up of individuals,

but of CLASSES (based on economics)• argued some classes were oppressed by

others• during his lifetime, he looked at the working

classes and argued they were oppressed by the capitalist classes – and that this was wrong

• Marx envisioned the working class taking over the gov’t (through revolution) and then the gov’t taking over all industry

Marxism to Communism

Many Socialists disagreed with Marx’s ideas on:

• need for revolution• complete abolition of all private

ownership

1848: Marx and Engels publish the COMMUNIST MANIFESTO

Communism

Communism is characterized by:

• idea that history is guided by class struggle

• desire to establish a classless, stateless society

• belief in the abolition of all private ownership,

• belief that this will come about through revolution

The immediate aim of the Communists is the… formation of the proletariat into a class, overthrow of the bourgeois supremacy,

conquest of political power by the proletariat." - Karl Marx, Communist Manifesto, 1848

Communism vs. Socialism

• Communism emerged out of Socialism – and early communists considered themselves socialist

• For modern communists: Communism is an advanced stage of Socialism Socialism is the stage between Capitalism (which is bad) and Communism (which is perfect)

• Communism in practice has moved significantly away from the theory – disconnecting it from Socialism

Fascism

• a reaction to the rise of Liberalism,Socialism and Communism

• developed in Italy under Mussolini• flourished in economically unstable

countries prior to WWII

Fascism vs. Communism

Both were dictatorial in nature and both deprived individuals of their rights within

society… BUT

Communism• proposed revolution

to overthrow capitalism and ban private ownership

• called for a ‘withering away of the state’ with eventual cooperative public control

Fascism• gov’t works within

capitalism – works with people who control production to improve state economy

• exalted the state above all, and used police and military to control people

Why did Fascism object to Liberalism, Conservatism,

Socialism and Communism?

• Fascists saw these other ideologies as having failed because they couldn’t bring stability

• Fascism is based on idea of absolute state• In a fascist state, citizens are obliged “to

believe, to obey, to combat” for the good of the state – this is the direct opposite of the 19th century ideals of individual liberty and freedom

Let’s Summarize…SOCIALISM• man is naturally good

– a bad environment makes people bad

• gov’t should regulate economy – public ownership

• equality is important, but the common good is the ultimate goal

• people give gov’t authority, and can take it away change happens through REFORM

COMMUNISM• man is perfectible• eventually, the state

will wither away and people will not need gov’t

• all goods will be held in common

• equality is important, but the common good is the ultimate goal

• people consent to be governed until the state withers away – starts with REVOLUTION

To continue…

FASCISM• man needs to be controlled• the state is all important – the individual is

only important insofar as how he contributes to the state

• the gov’t controls all aspects of life – this brings stability and order

• the people have no control over gov’t, and no right to rebel against gov’t

• enemies of the state will be dealt with harshly

A short list of Communist and fascist leaders of this period:

• Benito Mussolini• Francisco Franco• Chiang Kai-shek• Vladimir Lenin• Mao Zedong• Joseph Stalin• Juan Peron• Hideki Tōjō • Josip Broz Tito

With God on our Side

• What commentary does this song make on the motivations of nations to go to war?

• What is meant by a nation thinking they “have God on their side.”

• Does the writer think that any war is ever really justified? Why?

• Why did he include the verse on Judas Iscariot?