WP3: [Adaptation of energy monitoring tool]€¦ · WP 3 - Adaptation of energy monitoring tool - Task 3.1 – 01/2016 Grant agreement number: 649669 – H2020-EE-2014-2015 / HG2020-EE-2014-3

WP 3 - Adaptation of energy monitoring tool - Task 3.1 – 01/2016

Grantagreementnumber:649669–H2020-EE-2014-2015/HG2020-EE-2014-3-MarketUptake 1

DeliverableD.3.2:[Energyconsumptionandreviewtoolforvulnerableconsumers]

WP3:[Adaptationofenergymonitoringtool]Task3.2:[Energyconsumptionandreviewtoolforvulnerableconsumers]

Grantagreement 649669ProjectAcronym SMART-UPProjectTitle ConsumerempowermentinasmartmeterWorld

Typeoffundingscheme H2020-EE-2014-2015/HG2020-EE-2014-3-marketupdateProjectwebsite http://www.smartup-project.euStartDateofproject March1,2015Duration 36monthsDueDate August2015Actualdate January2016Disseminationlevel PublicNature ReportNumberofpages XxpagesVersion Draft/finalWorkpackage WP3–D3.2

[Energyconsumptionandreviewtoolforvulnerableconsumers]Authors BrianRestall(ProjectsinMotionLtd)ContributorsReviewer PierreNolay(Alpheeis)Keywords Adaptationofenergymonitoringtool

Alphéeis,coordinator

AISFOR(Italy),Ecoserveis(Spain),NEA(UK),PIM(Malta),

Ref. Ares(2016)997332 - 26/02/2016



Tableofcontent

1 PresentationofSMART-UPProject........................................................................................3

2 ContextandObjectives.........................................................................................................3

2.1 Contextofthetask........................................................................................................4

2.2 Objectivesofthetask....................................................................................................4

2.2.1 Deliverables....................................................................................................................5

Workperformed..........................................................................................................................6

2.3 Backgroundonenergypoverty.....................................................................................6

2.4 Energydiariesliteraturereview....................................................................................9

2.5 Existingenergydiaries................................................................................................10

2.6 Limitationsoftime-usestudiesandenergydiaries........................................................12

3 Finalenergydiaryoutputs...................................................................................................13



1 PresentationofSMART-UPProject

The overarching aim of SMART-UP is to encourage the active use of smartmeters and in-homeDisplays(IHDs)byvulnerablecustomers,inthoseMemberStateswheretheroll-outofSmartMetershasbeenembarkedupon.Indeed,previousstudieshaveshownthatSmartMetersdonotleadtoenergysavingsintheresidentialsectorunlesshouseholdsactivelyusethemandareencouragedtomodifytheireverydaypractices.Ourprojectintendstofillinthisgap,whilealsoraisingawarenessondemandresponseservices.

SMART-UPisdevelopingatrainingprogramforinstallers,socialworkersandotherfrontlinestaffincontactwithvulnerablepeople,sothattheycaninformvulnerableconsumersaboutthebenefitsbroughtaboutbysmartmeteringandenergyefficiency.SMART-UPwillalsotrainoutreachstaffonhowtoadvisevulnerablehouseholdsonhowtousetheirSmartMeterandInHomeDisplay(IHD)units(wherefitted)tobesteffect,eachtimetheyareincontactwiththem.Thiswillensurethatthevulnerableandlow-incomehouseholdersreceiveone-to-oneandon-goingsupport.

The training packages will be tested and improved before dissemination amongst the majorstakeholders involved insmartmeterdeployment (DSOs,energyutilities, installers…).From50to100installersorotherfrontlinestaffwillreceivetrainingineachprojectpartner’scountry.Eachofthemwilldeliverface-to-faceadviceto10to20households,inordertoreach1,000householdsineachcountry.DSOandenergyutilities(dependingonthenationalcontext)willbeinvolvedtoprovidethe necessary support for this experiment and to ensure further dissemination of the trainingpackages.

Besidesempoweringvulnerable consumers, theprojectwill serve toget some feedbackon theirspecificneedsandonthewaystoappropriatelycommunicatewiththemandhelpthemtakeprofitofsmartmetering.Theprojectwillalsohelpgatherdataonhowmuchenergycanbepotentiallysaved ifvulnerablehouseholdersareempowered tomake thebestuseof theopportunities thatSmartMeteringoffers.

2 ContextandObjectives

WorkPackage3titled“Adaptationofenergymonitoringtool”runsfrommonths:1-31,andisleadbyProjectsinMotion(PiM)incollaborationwithALPHEEIS,NEA,ECOSERVEISandAISFOR.Themainaim of this work package is to review existing paper-based energy monitoring tools developedelsewhere and to adapt these to an easy-to-use tool suitable for the target group of vulnerableconsumers and people at risk of fuel poverty. This tool will effectively help targetedhouseholds/consumerstomonitortheirconsumptionoverthecourseoftheprojectandbeyond.Representativesofthestakeholderspreviouslyidentified(WP2)willbeinvitedatanationalsteeringgroupmeetingtoreviewtheadaptedtoolandreceivetraininginitsproperusewiththetargetgroup.Thefeedbackreceivedatthesteeringgroupmeetingandtrainingfedintothefinalversionoftheadaptedmonitoringtool.The roll out process is different in each country and the way stakeholders reach vulnerableconsumersvaryfromoneregiontotheother.DelaysinundertakingthevalidationandtrainingsessionswherenotedacrossalltheparticipatingpartnersandthisisprimarilyduetodelaysinsigningagreementswiththestakeholdersrequiredinWP2.WP2involvedtheidentificationofkeystakeholders(installersandfront-linestaff)andtoreachagreementsinprincipleoftheirsupportandparticipationinthisproject.Theobjectiveofthisworkpackageistoensureappropriatestakeholdersareinvolvedformthestartandthatallthelegalities



(agreements between installers, front-line staff and project partners) are addressed, agreed andsignedatthebeginningoftheproject.ThisdeliverableunderWP2resultedtobemorecomplexthanoriginallyexpected,primarilyduetohesitationandnoveltyoftheenergypovertytopic,andrelateddataprotectionissueswhendealingwithpublicbodiesandvulnerablehouseholds.ThisdelaywaspredictedandisinlinewiththepotentialrisksindicatedintheGrantagreement.

2.1 Contextofthetask

ThetasksforWP3aslistedintheGrantagreementinclude:

§ Task 3.1 - Review and adaptation of energy consumption monitoring tool for vulnerableconsumers

§ Task3.2-Organiseandhostastakeholdertrainingandsteeringgroupmeeting§ Task3.3-Refinetheenergydatareviewtool§ Task3.4-Initialandon-goingsupporttostakeholdersandtargetgroup

Deliverable3.2which is the focusof this report,details theworkundertaken forTask3.1and isexplainedinbetterdetailinSection2.2below,howeverthisdeliverablereportsontherequirementsofTask3.3andTask3.4whichwillbereportedatalaterstageintheproject(Month31).Itisimportanttonotethattheabovetaskswereundertakeninthesameorderabovesoastokeepa structured approach towards the development of the tool, its validation by stakeholders andultimatelyitsuseinthefield.Theexecutionoftheabovetasksisdocumentedinthefollowinglistofdeliverablesaslistedinthegrantagreement:

§ D3.1Reportonstakeholdertrainingeventineachcountry(Public-DueMonth5)§ D3.2Energyconsumptionandreviewtoolforvulnerableconsumers(Public-DueMonth6)§ D3.3Feedbackonenergymonitoringtool(Public-Month31)

Furthermore,completionofalltheabovetasksanddeliverablesinWP3willleadtothesuccessfulachievementofMilestone2(MS2)titled‘Validationoftheenergymonitoringtoolineachcountry’intheSMART-UPproject.

2.2 ObjectivesofthetaskDeliverable3.2deals specificallywith theoutcomesof Task3.1 titled “Reviewandadaptationofenergyconsumptionmonitoringtoolforvulnerableconsumers”.ThisTaskcommitsSMART-UPtoundertakeacomprehensivereviewexerciseofexistingpaperandExcel-based energy monitoring tools in order to create an energy diary specifically suitable tovulnerableconsumers.Theintentionisthatthispaper-basedenergydiaryisusedtohelpvulnerablehouseholdsmonitoranddocumenttheirenergyconsumptioninasimpleformat,thusenablingthemtounderstandtheirconsumptionandtotakecorrectiveactionwherepossibletowardsenergyusereduction.ThetoolisintendedtoreflectthedifferentlocalnecessitiesinrelationtothetechnicaloutputsofsmartmetersindifferentpartnerMemberStates;andtobeaccessibletopotentiallowliteracylevels.Consequentlythepapertooldevisedshouldremainuser-friendlyandsimple,whileatthesametimeensuringthatreadingsdisplayedonthemetercanbeeasilyrecorded,andquicklyconvertedtoeasyandvisualstatisticsovertime.



TheliteraturereviewwillincluderesultsobtainedfromWP2,andanotherIntelligentEnergyEuropeprojectsoutputsthatmightberelevanttothistool.Asmentionedearlier,thetoolwillbeadaptedbyeachpartnercountrytorelectthedataoutputchoicesofthesmartmetersadoptedinthatcountry,inrelationwithnational/regionalenergytariffregimes.TheWPLeaderwasresponsibleforproducingtheliteraturereview,andproducingtemplatesofthetoolwhichiscapableofensuringcomparableresultsacrossallparticipant,whilefollowing/reportingprogressacrossthevariousprojectpartners.Roleofpartners:Adaptationofthetooltothecountry’scontext.Inordertoexplainthecontextoftheobjectives,theliteraturereviewundertakeninTask3.1createsthebasisforthefollowingtasksproposedintheWP3objectivesoftheGrantAgreement:Task3.2–OrganiseandhostastakeholdertrainingandsteeringgroupmeetingRepresentativesoftheinvolvedstakeholdersandfrontlinestaff(identifiedinWP2)willbeinvitedtoattendastakeholdertrainingandsteeringgroupmeetingtodiscusstheenergymonitoringtool,itsfunction,andhowtoguidevulnerableconsumersinitsproperuse.Everypartnerwillorganisesuchahalf-dayeventinhis/hercountry.Roleofpartners:OrganiseandhostastakeholdertrainingandsteeringgroupmeetingTask3.3-RefinetheenergydatareviewtoolEachpartnerwillberesponsiblefortherefinementofthetoolforhis/hercountry,withguidanceprovidedbytheWPleader.Thisrefinementwillbebasedonthefindingsandfeedbackreceivedfromthesteeringgroupmeetingsandtrainings.Particularattentionwillbegiventoreachagoodbalancebetweenusabilityofthetool,thelevelofdetailrequiredtoadequatelyinformconsumersabouttheirconsumptionandwaysofhowtosaveenergy.Theywillalsopayspecificattentiontousers’literacyandnumeracylevels.Roleofpartners:Refinetheanalyticaltoolthatwillbeusedineachcountry.Task3.4–Initialandon-goingsupporttostakeholdersandtargetgroupPartnerswill ensureadequateon-goingmonitoringof theuseof the tool is inplaceand instructfrontlinestaff (meter readers, installers, socialworkersetc.)on itsproperusewhenapproachingvulnerable consumers. Particular attention will be given to literacy and numeracy issues whenprovidingguidanceonitsuse.TheWPleaderwillproduceafeedbackformthatwillbecirculatedtofrontlinestaffbyeachpartnertomonitorandrecordanypotentialproblemsandinitiatecorrectiveactionifnecessary.Roleofpartners:Contributetoon-goingsupportinhis/hercountry.

2.2.1 DeliverablesThis deliverable 3.2 titled “Energy consumption and review tool for vulnerable consumers”documentstheliteraturereviewundertakeninordertodevelopthepaper-basedenergydiary.Theaimofthisreviewwastobuildonanypreviousworkinthedevelopmentofthesetools,andtoadaptthatknowledgetovulnerablehouseholds.Thisdocumentsummarisesthemainoutcomesfromthisreview,andanypotential limitations. Italsopresentsa first fewdraftsof this tool,which is thenadaptedtothepartnercountryspecificities,andeventuallytrialledwithlocalstakeholdersaspartoftheeffortsofTask3.2-Organiseandhostastakeholdertrainingandsteeringgroupmeeting,andeventually lead to further improvementsor changesaspartofTask3.3 -Refine theenergydatareviewtool



Asmentionedearlier,D3.2alsoreportsonoverlapsbetweenotherTasks,namely:§ Task3.1-Organiseandhostastakeholdertrainingandsteeringgroupmeeting§ Task3.3-Refinetheenergydatareviewtool§ Task3.4-Initialandon-goingsupporttostakeholdersandtargetgroup

Workperformed

RecentadvancesinthedevelopmentofEuropeansustainableenergypolicieshasrecentlystartedtofindabalancebetweenthereductionofCO2emissionsandtheprotectionofvulnerablehouseholdsin order to reduce the widening "energy gap" among EU consumers. Research suggests thatvulnerablehouseholdsaremorelikelytobeaffectedbyfuelpovertyandtostruggleinwarmingorcoolingtheirhomesadequately(JamasbandMeier,2010)1.Inthiscontext,vulnerablehouseholdsincludethoseonlowincomes,whichtypicallyincludespensioners,femalesingleparents,andbenefitrecipients.AnEU-widepushtowardssmart-meteringhasthepotentialtoprovidenewinsightintoenergypovertyopportunitiesandchallenges.FurthertoD3.1,traditionally,electricitymeteringataresidentiallevelhasbeenconductedatlowtimeresolution,thatiseitheronamonthlyorbi-monthlybasis.Consequently,policy-makers,energysuppliersandenergyservicecompanieshavebasedtheirenergypoliciesandtariffsonaveragedailyload profiles. However, the increased penetration of smartmetering technologies nowmakes itpossible to usemore detailed time-use data profiles and providemicro-data on energy use. Forinstance,thetimeresidentialend-usersswitchlights,howlongheatingandappliancesarekepton,for how long, and at what time they switch them off can help establish personal electricityconsumptionprofilesofspecifichouseholdsandcohorts.

2.3 Backgroundonenergypoverty

Ahouseholdisconsideredasvulnerableifsomeof itsmembersareofpensionableage,disabled,chronicallysickandfamilieswithyoungchildren.Inthewidercontextthisincludeshouseholdsonverylowincomes,pensioners,femalesingleparenthouseholds,andbenefitrecipients.Infactenergypovertyhasbeenunderstoodtoapplywhenaconsumer’spersonalcircumstancesandcharacteristicscombinewithaspectsofthemarkettocreatesituationswhereheorsheissignificantlylessablethana typical consumer to protect or represent his or her interests in the energy market; and/orsignificantlymorelikelythanatypicalconsumertosufferdetriment,orthatdetrimentislikelytobemoresubstantial.However,energypovertydefinitionsvarybetweenMemberStates,butLondonEconomics has recently published (Feb 2016) 2 a more comprehensive definition of vulnerableconsumersandnewmethodologyformeasuringconsumervulnerabilityandprovidesnewinsightsinto the actual patterns of consumer vulnerabilityin key markets. This effort distinguishes fivedimensionsofconsumervulnerability.Avulnerableconsumercouldbedefinedas:

§ “A consumer, who, as a result of socio-demographic characteristics, behaviouralcharacteristics,personalsituation,ormarketenvironment:

§ Isathigherriskofexperiencingnegativeoutcomesinthemarket;§ Haslimitedabilitytomaximisehis/herwell-being;§ Hasdifficultyinobtainingorassimilatinginformation;§ Islessabletobuy,chooseoraccesssuitableproducts;or

1JamasbToorajandMeierHelena(2010).EnergySpendingandVulnerableHouseholdsEPRGWorkingPaper1101CambridgeWorkingPaperinEconomics1109.2LondonEconomics,VVAConsultingandIpsosMoriconsortium(2016).UnderstandingconsumervulnerabilityintheEU'skeymarketshttp://ec.europa.eu/consumers/consumer_evidence/market_studies/vulnerability/index_en.htm



§ Ismoresusceptibletocertainmarketingpractices.”

The incidence of perceived consumer vulnerability varies both across aspects of perceivedvulnerabilityandacrosscountries.Table1belowindicatesthecountrylevelshareofconsumerswhofeelvulnerable"toagreatextent"foranyreasonandcountry levelcombinedmeanratingoftheextenttowhichthoseconsumersfeelvulnerableacrosstheEU28(LondonEconomics,2016).

Note:Resultsweightedusingcountryweights.EU28+NOandISN=26,653.

Vulnerablehouseholdsareatespeciallyhighriskintermsofbeingaffectedbyfuelpoverty(DefraandBERR,2008)3.Inparticular,threeargumentscanbemadeonhowlowincomehouseholdsdifferfromotherhouseholds(JamasbToorajandMeierHelena,2010)4,namely:

i. vulnerablehouseholds liveonlowerthanaverageincomesandinordertoreachacertainlevelofcomfortortoheattheirhomesadequatelytheyneedtospendalargershareoftheirincomeonenergy.

ii. thesehouseholdsspendmoretimeathomethanhouseholdsthatconsistmainlyoffulltimeworkersandthususemoreenergythanothers.

iii. these households are not able to improve the energy efficiency of their homes, thus theenergy efficiency of their homes is lower and their energy using appliancesmay be lessefficient.

3DEFRAandBERR(2008).TheUKFuelPovertyStrategy6thAnnualProgressReport2008.DepartmentforEnvironment,FoodandRural Affairs, Department for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform. Available at: http://www.berr.gov.uk/energy/fuel-poverty/strategy/index.html4JamasbToorajandMeierHelena(2010).EnergySpendingandVulnerableHouseholdsEPRGWorkingPaper1101CambridgeWorkingPaperinEconomics1109.http://www.econ.cam.ac.uk/dae/repec/cam/pdf/cwpe1109.pdf



Furthermore,whenconfrontedwithanincreaseinenergycosts,lower-incomefamiliestendtomake“lifestylecutbacks”,whichisinstarkcomparisontohigher-incomefamilieswhichtendtoinvestinenergyconservationmeasures(DillmanandDillman,1983).5Furthermore,rentersarenotlikelytoinvestinenergyefficiencyandthereforecurtailmentistheonlyoptiontoreduceconsumption(Blacketal,1985).6More recently, temperature-related mortality is being increasingly studied across both thedevelopedanddevelopingworldespeciallyinviewofclimatechange.Thereisnodoubtthatambienttemperaturehasastrongeffectondailyall-causemortality,andcanbeaseriouspotentialpublichealthconcernofdirectrelevancetovulnerablehouseholdsbothintermsofexcessivecoldandheat(CauchiJohnPaul,2012).7Whereasfinancialsupportandsocialtariffspaidtovulnerablehouseholdsremainanimportantaid,smart metering can play an important part in eradicating fuel poverty and assiting vulnerablehouseholds.Theassumptionisthatsmartmeteringcanprovideconsumerswithinformationontheactualenergyconsumptionandmightleadtobehaviouralchanges.SMART-UPattemptstoleveragethecurrentroll-outofsmart-metersacross5partnercountries,inordertoenablevulnerablehouseholdsleveragetheopportunitiesprovidedbysmartmeteringandreal-timeenergyconsumptionpatterns.However,eventhoughmanypeoplehaveembracedonlineandelectroniccommunication,somegroupsofpeopleareslowertochange(Boyeretal.,2001),8such as elderly people; people not familiar with new technology; or peoplewho do not have acomputerorandroiddevice,possiblyforfinancialreasons.Thismeansthattheuseofsmartmeteringmightexcludethesegroups,especiallyifrespondentsdonothaveaccesstocomputingequipmentorinternetaccess(Mehl&Conner,2012).9Consequently,paper-basedenergydiaries(ED)couldbeusedbypeoplewhodonothaveorhavelimitedaccesstocomputers,orareunfamiliarwithdigitaltools(Fell&King,2012).10Paper-basedenergydiarieshavebeenwidelyusedbecausetheydonotneedequipment,minimumtrainingisrequired,theyareeasytouse;andareportable(Joerietal.,2013).11Itisimportanttonotethatevenwheredigitalrecordingispossible,paper-baseddiariesmaystillbeuseful.Thislastpointisparticularlyrelevanttovulnerablehouseholdswhichtendtobesomewhatafflictedbythedigital-divideandilliteracy.

5Dillman,D.A.,RosaE.A.,&Dillman,J.J.(1983).LifestyleandHomeEnergyConservationintheUnitedStates:ThePoorAcceptLifestyleCutbackswhiletheWealthyInvestinConservation.JournalofEconomicPsychology,3,299-315.6Black,J.S.,Stern,P.C.&Elworth,J.(1985).PersonalandContextualInfluencesonHouseholdEnergyAdaptations.JournalofAppliedPsychology,70[1],3-21.7 Cauchi John Paul (2012). Temperature-Related Mortality in the Maltese Islands. Investigating the association between airtemperatureandhealthoutcomes,intheMaltese.UnpublishedpaperinpartialfulfilmentofanMScinPublicHealthattheLondonSchoolofHygiene&Tropicalmedicine.islandsintheperiod1992-20108Boyer,K.,Olson,J.,&Jackson,E.(2001).Electronicsurveys:Advantagesanddisadvantagesovertraditionalprintsurveys.DecisionLine,32(4),4–7.9Mehl,M.,&Conner,T.(2012).Handbookofresearchmethodsforstudyingdailylife.NewYork,USA:TheGuilfordPress.10Fell,D.,&King,G.(2012).Domesticenergyusestudy:tounderstandwhycomparablehouseholdsusedifferentamountsofenergy.AreporttotheDepartmentforEnergyandClimateChange.BrookLyndhurst.DECC,London,UK.Retrievedfromhttps://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/65599/6919-domestic-energy-use-study.pdf11Minnen,J.,Glorieux,I.,Tienoven,T.,&Weenas,D.(2013,March).MOTUS:ModularonlineTime-UseSurvey.PaperpresentedattheNTTS 2013- New techniques and technologies for statistics conference, Brussels, Belgium. Retrieved from http://www.cros-portal.eu/content/motus-modular-online-time-use-survey-joeri-minnen-et-al



Inviewoftheabove,apaper-basedtoolintheformofanenergydiarywasdeemednecessaryinorder toprovideamore inclusiveandaccessiblewayof self-reportingwhereinhouseholdscouldrecordtheirindividualactivities.Anenergydiarycanbeacostandtime-effectivemethodforstudyingenergyactivities,andalsoanon-intrusivemethodofgatheringrespondents‘data.Otheradvantagesof this approach include collecting energy-related activities in greater detail across all ages, andhelpinghouseholdstobetterunderstandtheirenergyuse.

2.4 EnergydiariesliteraturereviewTheissueofhowtomeasureresidentialelectricitydemandandhowitisusedhasrecentlybeenamajorfocusofpolicymakersengagedwithvulnerablehouseholds.Oneemergingapproachhasbeentomonitor habitants’ practices in the household, in order to establish links between residentialelectricitydemandandhumanbehaviour.Thisapproachtendstorelyprimarilyonmeasuredtime-use surveydata, andoriginate fromvariousacademicdisciplines, includingenergyeconometrics,electricalengineering,sociologyofpractice,environmentalpsychologyandhouseholdeconomics.Theanalysisofhouseholdenergyconsumptionpatternsusuallyinvolvestheassessmentoftechnicalsetups inhomes, andofpeoplebehaviors. The intention is toexamine the relationshipbetweenpeopleactivities,howtheyusetheirappliances,andtheirelectricconsumption.Energydiariesareagoodtooltocollectself-reporteddataonahousehold’sfrequencyanddurationofapplianceuseandthe final energy consumption. The literature indicates that while questionnaires can provideconsistentinformationonenergyconsumptioninhouseholds,howeverenergydiariescanprovidereliableinformationaboutwhenthisenergyisconsumed(Daubin,2013).12Sincethisprojectreliesheavilyontheacquisitionofqualitydatathroughparticipation,itisessentialto follow proper steps to engage and relate to participants, and making them aware of theimportanceoftheirroleintheresearch.Theliteratureshowsthatthereareanumberofstrategiesthat canbeemployedprior todata collection inorder to addresspotentialweaknessesof TUDs(Ocampo2015)13:

§ Theresearcherspends timewith respondents talking themthrough theEDprocessand torespondtoquestions(Iidaetal.,2012).14

§ Theresearcherbecomesastoryteller,effectivelyteachingparticipantswhichactivitiesresultinenergy consumption through realworldexamples, as sometimes this information isnotcleartoparticipants(Cames&Brohmann,2003).15

§ Sendingrespondentstextremindersfordatarecording(Mehl&Conner,2012).16§ Providingmonetarycompensation for therespondents‘ timeandasking therespondent to

signastatementofcommitmenttofilloutthediaryinordertoincreasecompliance(Mehl&Conner,2012).

12Durand-Daubin,Mathieu(2013).Householdactivitiesthroughvarious lenses:crossingsurveys,diariesandelectricconsumption.Retrievedonline02/02/2016.http://escholarship.org/uc/item/83z390h213 Giraldo Ocampo, D. (2015). Developing an energy-related Time-Use Diary for gaining insights into New Zealand households’electricityconsumption(Thesis,MasterofScience).UniversityofOtago.14Iida,M.,Shrout,P.E.,Laurenceau,J.-P.,&Bolger,N.(2012).Usingdiarymethodsinpsychologicalresearch.InH.Cooper,P.Camic,D.Long,A.T.Panter,D.Rindskopf,&K.Sher(Eds.),APAhandbookofresearchmethodologyinpsychology(3volumes).Washington,DC,USA:APABooks.doi:10.1037/13619-01615Cames,M.,&Brohmann,B.(2003).Optionsandpotentialsofenergydiaries:energydiariesasatoolforidentifyingpotentialenergysavingsthroughbehaviouralchanges.Timetoturndownenergydemand,1079–1090.16Mehl,M.,&Conner,T.(2012).Handbookofresearchmethodsforstudyingdailylife.NewYork,USA:TheGuilfordPress.



§ Theresearcherensuresthatrespondentsunderstandthebenefitsoftheresearchsothattheyhave a personal commitment to it (Lai et al., 2013).17In thisway, respondents learn howaccurateinformationwillaidthestudyoutcomes(Mehl&Conner,2012).

The literature reviewsuggested thatanumberof key featuresareessential for thedesignof anenergydiary.Theseinclude:

§ activitiestoberecorded,§ timeintervals,§ daysofrecording,§ andstrategiestoovercomecomplianceproblems.

Similarly,aspectsregardingwordingofquestions,predefinedlistofactivitiesoropen-endedanswers,instructions,definitions,andlayoutandformattingfeatureswherealsoconsideredinthefinaldatacollectiondesigninordertohelpreducebias(Jones,2003).18OtherimportantconsiderationsinthedesignofanyTime-UseorEnergyDiaryare(Ocampo,2015)19:

§ user-friendlydesign;§ reducingparticipants‘burdenincompletingthediary;§ thevalidityandreliabilityofthedataprovided;§ literacyrateoftheparticipants;andwillingnessofthechosenparticipantstocomplete

them.

2.5 ExistingenergydiariesQuite a bit of research has beenundertaken in order to better understand energy consumptionbehaviour in households, and many different forms of time-use or energy diaries have beendevelopedinordertocapturethisinformationaccurately.Designingthetime-usediaryinitiallydrewfromdifferentfeaturesprovidedbytheliteratureaboutgenericenergydiaries(ED).Consequently,Task3.1developedandassessedanumberofdraftenergydiariesbasedonaliteraturereviewofsimilardiariesusedbypartnerslikeNEA,relatedFP7projectsandelsewhere.Somerelevantexamplesincludethefollowing:

Existingenergymonitoringtoolsforhouseholds(paper-based)1. TESCO–Trackyourhomeenergyuse.

http://www.dgfl.org/Caring%20for%20the%20Environment%20Documents/Track%20your%20home's%20energy%20use.pdf

2. IntegrationofActiveLearningandEnergyMonitoringwithSchoolCurriculum(ACTIVELEARNING).https://ec.europa.eu/energy/intelligent/projects/en/projects/active-learning

17Lai,J.,Vanno,L.,Link,M.,Pearson,J.,Makowska,H.,Benezra,K.,&Green,M.(2013).Life360:UsabilityofMobileDevicesforTimeUseSurveys.SurveyPractice;Vol3,No1(2010).Retrievedfromhttp://www.surveypractice.org/index.php/SurveyPractice/article/view/120.18Jones, J. (2003).Aframework for reviewingdatacollection instruments inbusinesssurveys.Thereviewprogrammeforbusinesssurveydatacollectioninstruments,34.19 Giraldo Ocampo, D. (2015). Developing an energy-related Time-Use Diary for gaining insights into New Zealand households’electricityconsumption(Thesis,MasterofScience).UniversityofOtago.https://ourarchive.otago.ac.nz/handle/10523/5957



3. Learningtogive.MeasuringEnergyUse.http://learningtogive.org/lessons/unit527/lesson1.html

4. REACH–Reduceenergyuseandchangehabits.http://reach-energy.eu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/Data-collection-sheet_eng.pdf

Existingenergymonitoringtoolsforhouseholds(online/computer)1. EuropeanCitizensClimateCup

http://www.theclimatecup.eu/2. Persuasiveforceofchildrenthrougheducation(FEEDU).EnergyDiary

https://ec.europa.eu/energy/intelligent/projects/en/projects/feedu3. ResidentialMonitoringtoDecreaseEnergyUseandCarbonEmissionsinEurope-

http://remodece.isr.uc.pt/4. Energyneighbourhood

http://www.energyneighbourhoods.eu/en_ie5. Peer-to-peerEducationforYouthsonSmartUseofInformationandCommunication

Technologieshttp://www.useitsmartly.com/toolbox/

6. EnergyXchangehttp://www.energyxchange.eu/en/donate.php

7. Sust-It.Simplyefficientshoppinghttp://www.sust-it.net/running-costs-of-old-appliances.php

8. Intelligentuseofenergyatschool(IUSES)http://www.iuses.eu/downloads.php

9. RecyclingCentershttp://www.recyclingcenters.org/ecological_footprint_calculators.php#homes_businesses

10. EnergySavingTrust.Energysavingquickwinshttp://www.energysavingtrust.org.uk/domestic/energy-saving-quick-wins

ExistingEnergymonitoringtoolsforhouseholds(Appsformobile/tabletwithoutinterfaces)1. EnergyConsumptionAnalyzer

https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=at.topfen.ecas2. SMERTY-YoungEnergyEfficiency(YEFF)

https://ec.europa.eu/energy/intelligent/projects/en/projects/yeff3. SmartMeters

https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=by.yegorov.communal4. SmartMeter

https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.jems.smartmeter5. ElectricityMeter

https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.depADVANCE.Blink6. SpEne-SPEnergyMeter

https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.kspsoft.stefan.energyconsumptionmeter

7. MeterReadingshttps://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=dk.ilios.meterreadings

Related



1. EvaluationofEnergyBehaviouralChangeProgrammes(BEHAVE)https://ec.europa.eu/energy/intelligent/projects/en/projects/behave

2. EnergyStar.EnergySavingsatHome.https://www.energystar.gov/campaign/waysToSave?tagIdList=Featured-Advice

2.6 Limitationsoftime-usestudiesandenergydiaries

AccordingTorriti(2014)20,thereareatleastsixissueswhichimpactthemeasurementofthetimingofresidentialelectricitydemandthroughtimeusedata.

1) timeusedataisnotsignificantforindividualusersalone,andhighernumbersofaggregateusersarenecessaryforstatisticalsignificance;

2) timeusedataarerepresentativeofaveragedaysbasedontypicalroutinesandpracticeofeverydaylife,anddonotnecessarilyreflectpeakeventsnon-typicaldaysduetoeitherparticularweatherconditionsorrarepublicevents;

3) nation-widetimeusesurveysarenotconductedregularlyandtypicallydon’treflectchangesinoccupancypatternsovertimeliketheincreaseddependenceonelectronicdevices;

4) residentialdemandcurvesagainsttimeandpriceacrossdevelopedcountriesseemtoindicatehighsimilaritiesduetoglobalisationandsimilarityinoccupancypatternscoupledagainstimprovedapplianceefficienciesovertime(Torriti,2012)makeithardertoidentifysignificantenergysavingopportunities;21

5) whilstoccupancyforsingle-personhouseholdsarerelativelyeasytomeasureandmodel,itbecomesharderwithvulnerablehouseholdswhichtypicallyinvolvemultiple-personflowscanunderminecanunderminetheidentificationofsavingopportunities.

Furthermore, it is important to mention that at the time of writing this report, In-Homedisplays/deviceshadjuststartedtopenetratetheEuropeanmarketandlimitedpilottrialshavebeenconducted.OnlytheUKhasdecidedonanationalroll-outincludinganIn-Homedisplay.ItisexpectedthatIHD’swouldprovideformoreaccuratedatacollationespeciallyforvulnerablehouseholdsinthenearfuture.

Onasimilarnote,itiscriticalforthisprojecttotakestockoffindingspublishedina2012studybyAlahmadetal.22,whichattemptedtodeterminewhetherthefeedbackprovidedbyreal-timeenergymonitorsresultsinlowerresidentialconsumptionratesduringthe30daysafterinstallation.Althoughthe opinions of the project participants suggested that they took action to reduce their energyconsumptionasaresultofthedirectvisibilityofthereal-timedata,theactualpowerconsumptiondatacollectedfromthedevicesdidnotsupportsuchassertions.Whiletheresultsindicatedthatnoneofthefeedbackmethodsprovidedbyreal-timedevicesreducedtherateofenergyconsumptionbyastatisticallysignificantamountincomparisontothecontrolgroups,previousresearchhasshownthatfeedbackcanbeusefulforshort-termenergysaving.

20TorritiJacopo(2014.)Areviewoftimeusemodelsofresidentialelectricitydemand.https://www.academia.edu/7263832/A_review_of_time_use_models_of_residential_electricity_demand21Torriti,J.2012.DemandsidemanagementfortheEuropeanSupergrid:occupancyvariancesofEuropeansingle-personhouseholds.EnergyPolicy,44,199-20622AlahmadA.Mahmoud,WheelerG.Patrick,SchwerAvery,EidenJoshua,andBrumbaughAdam(2012).AComparativeStudyofThreeFeedbackDevicesforResidentialReal-TimeEnergyMonitoring.



3 Finalenergydiaryoutputs

Theabovereviewprovidedthetoolsnecessarytodesignapaper-basedtoolthatmadeiteasyforparticipantstoengagewiththediary,whileenablingtheirpersonaltrackingandunderstandingofenergyuseathome.Inordertoensureengagement,householdswerenotaskedtorecordtoomanydetailsabouttheirdailyenergypatterns,andaskedtofocusspecificallyontheirenergyconsumptionbehaviour,andreportitaccurately.Followingtheliteraturereview,andrespondingtothelimitationsfoundwithexistingenergydiaries,theproposedEDaimedtofulfilthefollowingcriteria:

§ Producesdatatounderstanddailypatternsofenergy-relatedbehaviour§ Producesdatatounderstandhowtheenergyisconsumedinahouseholdcontext.§ CapturesregularhouseholdbehavioursthatoccuroutsidetheTUDperiod.§ Producesreliableandvaliddata

AfirstdraftoftheenergydiarywaspresentedbytheWP3leaderattheconsortiummeetingheldinNewcastle (UK) on September 12th, 2015. Preliminary feedback received specifically from theSMART-UPpartnerswasnoted,andchangesmadetothedraftsaccordinglysoonafterthemeeting.

AllcommentsreceivedfrompartnersandtheirstakeholderswherediscussedinternallyduringtheconsortiummeetinginNewcastle,viaemailandskypewhenclarificationswherenecessary.Theendresultisatemplateof3differentenergydiariesthatcouldbesuitabletothevulnerablehouseholdinquestion.

Once the revised drafts where prepared, each project partnerwas asked to organise a half-daystakeholder training and steering group meeting to which representatives of the involvedstakeholdersandfrontlinestaff(identifiedinWP2)wouldbeinvited.Theaimofthistrainingsessionwastodiscusstheenergymonitoringtool,itsfunction,andhowtoguidevulnerableconsumersinitsproper use. Different countries approached the stakeholder event differently, but inmost casesfollowedtheabovedirections.Partnerswherethenaskedtosenda1-pagereporttotheWPleader(PiM)askingpartnerstofollowanddocumentthefollowingsteps:

§ how youwent about organising the internal workshops, the number of people involved,location,etc;

§ summarisingthemainoutcomesfromeachevent;§ mainbarriersandopportunitiesineachcountry;§ andfeedbackreceivedfromtheparticipatingstakeholders;§ reportthemainoutcomesoftheevent–indicatingthemainbarriersandopportunitiesin

theircountry,andanyfeedbackreceivedfromtheparticipatingstakeholders.

Thedesignofthisenergydiaryalsoinvolvedrespondents‘requirementsandfeedbackthroughouttheprocess.ThefeedbackcollectedthroughthisprocesshasgreatlyimprovedthedesignoftheTUDfromitsfirstversionandwillalsocontinuetoimprovethedesignforfuturestudies.Thefeedbackandreiterationprocessundertakeninordertoimprovetheenergy-diarydevelopedaredetailedinD3.1-Reportonstakeholdertrainingeventineachcountry.

FeedbackwasreceivedbytheWPleader(PiM),changesrequestedassessedandincludedinthefinalreiteration of the paper-based tool outputs. Country specific feedback and requirements arereflectedinthesectionsbelow.



AnelectronicversionoftheEnergyDiarytoolisavailableinexcelhere.SMARTUP-Energ yDiary_v12.xlsx

Theenergydiarydevelopedcomprisesof3differentpotentialtools,including:

1) Anelectricityconsumptionandcostdiary(3pages)2) Anelectricityconsumptionandcostdiary(2pages)3) Anappliancesrunningcosttool(1page)

PleasekeepinmindthattheenergytoolshouldbeprovidedtohouseholdsthathavealreadybeenprovidedwithotherrequireddocumentsdevelopedinWP2,namely:

§ SMART-UPparticipantinformationandInstructionssheet,§ theSMART-UPInformedconsentform§ IHDandgenericenergy-savingtipssheet

Thefinalenergydiarytemplatesarepresentedbelow,butdescribedinfurtherdetailinD3.1-‘Energyconsumptionandreviewtoolforvulnerableconsumers’(Public-DueMonth6).Partnersareexpectedtomakeanychangesoradditionstothesetemplates,insuchawayastosuitetheir constituency. The reporting of the final drafts utilised by the Partner countries will beundertakeninD3.3,andareexpectedtoremainaworkinprogressuntiltheendoftheWP3timelinewhichendsinMonth31,andwillbereportedaccordinglyatalaterstageintheproject.













