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TRANS-CSPTRANS-CSP
Study Project TRANS-CSP
Trans-Mediterranean Interconnection for Concentrating Solar Power (WP01 Transmission Technologies)
Project for the Research & Development Programme of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU)
IFEED
NREA
TRANS-CSPTRANS-CSP
WP01 Transmission Technologies
Scope:
Assessment, characterisation and comparison of technology options for the transmission of solar electricity produced by Concentrating Solar Power Plants or by other renewables from MENA to Europe
Result:
High Voltage Direct Current transmission (HVDC) is the least cost and most efficient solution
TRANS-CSPTRANS-CSP
Power transmission via Hydrogen is possible, but 75 % of the solar electricity would be lost.
TRANS-CSPTRANS-CSP
After closing the Mediterranean Ring in 2010, about 0.5 % of European electricity demand could be imported through the conventional AC grid. If upgraded to European standards, 3 %. However, 45 % of the solar electricity would be lost over 3000 km.
Source:OME
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Security and Redundancy of Power Supply by a Future
TRANS-Mediterranean HVDC Grid High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) power transmission looses only 10 % over 3000 km distance.
Like interstate highways, HVDC lines will serve long distance transfer, with only few outlets to the conventional Alternating Current (AC) grid which will be used analogue to country roads and city streets.
By 2050, 700 TWh/y solar electricity could be imported from 20 locations in MENA at a cost of 5 c/kWh providing about 15 % of European electricity demand.
TRANS-CSPTRANS-CSP
Options for Solar Electricity Transfer over 3000 km Distance
Solar Power Transfer by:
Hydrogen AC / HVAC HVDC Line
Losses 75 % 45 % / 25 % 10 %
Cost very high high low
Adaptation to Consumers (Transformer)
has to be transformed to AC first
directly transformable
has to be transformed to AC first
Over Sea Transport
by tankers or pipelines
not over 30 km standard solution
Visibility Impact very low high low
Materials and Emissions
moderate moderate low
Preferred Application
eventually fuel for transport
regional and local power
long distance power transfer
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Year 2020 2030 2040 2050
Capacity GW 2 x 5 8 x 5 14 x 5 20 x 5
Transfer TWh/y 60 230 470 700
Capacity Factor 0.60 0.67 0.75 0.80
Turnover Billion €/y 3.8 12.5 24 35
Land Area CSPkm x km HVDC
15 x 153100 x 0.1
30 x 303600 x 0.4
40 x 403600 x 0.7
50 x 503600 x 1.0
Investment CSPBillion € HVDC
425
13416
24531
35045
Elec. Cost CSP€/kWh HVDC
0.0500.014
0.0450.010
0.0400.010
0.0400.010
Total EU-MENA HVDC Interconnection 2020 – 2050 *
* All countries analysed in TRANS-CSP
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Interconnecting HVDC* to the AC** System
Source: ABB
Monopolar HVDC System,e.g. sea cable
Bipolar HVDC System, e.g. overhead line
* HVDC High Voltage Direct Current (electricity flows steadily from a negative to a positive pole)** AC Alternating Current (the flow direction is reversed 50 or 60 times per second)
TRANS-CSPTRANS-CSP
Cost of 5 GW Overhead Link
0
500
1000
1500
20002500
3000
3500
4000
4500
0 1000 2000 3000 4000
Distance [km]In
vest
men
t [M
€]
1150 kV HVAC ± 800 kV HVDC
Cost of HVDC and HVAC Links with 5 GW Capacity
HVDC High Voltage Direct CurrentHVAC High Voltage Alternating Current
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(Quelle: ABB, erweitert)
Space required for 10 GW Power Transmission
AC Alternate CurrentHVDC High Voltage Direct CurrentUHVDC Ultra High Voltage Direct Current
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HVDC is well established, transmitting 75 GW world wide,mainly remote hydro- and geothermal power
Source: ABB
TRANS-CSPTRANS-CSP
Year 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050Austria 0 0 0 0 0 0Cyprus 0 0 0 0 0 0Denmark 0 0 0 2 3 5Finland 0 0 0 0 0 0France 0 0 10 35 70 110Czech Republic 0 0 0 5 15 30Belgium 0 0 0 10 16 24Ireland 0 0 0 0 0 0Luxembourg 0 0 0 0 0 0Netherlands 0 0 5 10 15 17,5Sweden 0 0 0 0 0 0Switzerland 0 0 0 0 0 0United Kingdom 0 0 0 15 35 65Poland 0 0 0 15 50 90Bulgaria 0 0 0 4 6 6,5Slowac Republic 0 0 0 2 8 12,5Slowenia 0 0 0 0 0 0Germany 0 0 15 40 80 120Hungary 0 0 0 8 10 12Greece 0 0 0 5 10 15Italy 0 0 10 25 45 60Malta 0 0 0 0 0 0Portugal 0 0 0 0 0 0Spain 0 0 15 25 35 45Turkey 0 0 5 15 45 60Macedonia 0 0 0 0 0 0Croatia 0 0 0 0 0 0Romania 0 0 0 15 30 35Serbia & Montenegro 0 0 0 0 0 0Bosnia-Herzegowina 0 0 0 0 0 0Iceland 0 0 0 0 0 0Norway 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 0 0 60 231 473 707,5
Solar Import Electricity in TWh/y
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Year 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050Austria 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00Cyprus 0 0 0 0 0 0Denmark 0 0 0 0,4 0,5 0,75Finland 0 0 0 0 0 0France 0 0 2 5 9 15Czech Republic 0 0 0 1 2 4Belgium 0 0 0 2 2,5 3,5Ireland 0 0 0 0 0 0Luxembourg 0 0 0 0 0 0Netherlands 0 0 1 1,5 2 2,4Sweden 0 0 0 0 0 0Switzerland 0 0 0 0 0 0United Kingdom 0 0 0 2,5 5 9Poland 0 0 0 2,5 8 14Bulgaria 0 0 0 0,75 1 1Slowac Republic 0 0 0 0,5 1,5 2Slowenia 0 0 0 0 0 0Germany 0 0 3 6 11 16Hungary 0 0 0 1,5 1,75 2Greece 0 0 0 1 1,5 2Italy 0 0 2 5 8 10Malta 0 0 0 0 0 0Portugal 0 0 0 0 0 0Spain 0 0 2,5 4 5 8Turkey 0 0 1 2,5 6 7,5Macedonia 0 0 0 0 0 0Croatia 0 0 0 0 0 0Romania 0 0 0 3 5 5Serbia & Montenegro 0 0 0 0 0 0Bosnia-Herzegowina 0 0 0 0 0 0Iceland 0 0 0 0 0 0Norway 0 0 0 0 0 0Total 0 0 11,5 38,65 69,25 102,15
Solar Import Capacity in GW