Wouter Noordkamp The assessment of new platforms on operational performance and manning concepts

Wouter Noordkamp

The assessment of new platforms on operational performance and manning concepts

23 October 2009 2

Contents

• Introduction• Simulation Based Performance Assessment (SBPA)• Manning concept framework• Combining both methods• Conclusions

23 October 2009 3

Background

ANEP-49 Ways to Reduce Costs of Ships

Integrated approachIntegrated approachFeasibility and consistency of designs

23 October 2009 4

“ANEP-49 Ways to Reduce Costs of Ships”

Costs

Costs

Life cycle

disposalin-serviceproductiondesign & development

intr

odu

ctio

n

life

cycl

e co

sts

fixed

spent

23 October 2009 5

Operational Effectiveness

How does the platform perform its tasks?

• Taking into account realistic circumstances:

Operational effectiveness

• Enemy attacks • Non availability of systems

23 October 2009 6

Survivability

How well is the platform equipped and prepared for executing tasks when being attacked?

Survivability

• Follow-on missions cannot be executed • Unexpected costs of reparation

23 October 2009 7

Sustainability

How well is the platform equipped and prepared for executing tasks in normal circumstances?

Sustainability

• How often do systems fail?• How easy is maintenance?• Enough spare parts?

23 October 2009 8

Is this all?

Operational effectiveness

Survivability

CostsSustainability

Assessment Framework

• Expected role

• Missions and tasks

• Scenarios

23 October 2009 9

SBPAStep-by-step plan

Repeat for each design alternative

Input

Combine

Weights

Utility

Calculate FOMsurv

Determine MOEs

Deployment

Tree

MOEs

Scenarios

Tasks Definition phase

Product effectiveness

Calculate LCC

LCC/Cost

Cost effectiveness Comparison of results and sensitivity analysis

LCC tree

Input

Utility

Tree

MOEs

Input

Utility

Tree

MOEs

Sensitivity analysis

Ope

ratio

nal e

ffec

tiven

ess

Sur

viva

bilit

y

Sus

tain

abili

ty

Weights Weights

Combine Combine

Calculate FOMop

Calculate FOMsust

Determine MOEs

Determine MOEs

23 October 2009 10



Input

Combine

Utility

MOEs

Calculate FOMsurv

Determine MOEs

Deployment

Tree

Weights

Scenarios



Calculate LCC

LCC/Cost


LCC tree

Input

MOEs

Tree

Weights

Input

MOEs

Tree

Weights


Ope

ratio

na

l effe

ctiv

ene

ss

Sur

viva

bili

ty

Sus

tain

abi

lity

Utility Utility

Combine Combine

Calculate FOMop

Calculate FOMsust

Determine MOEs

Determine MOEs

Deployment

Scenarios


Description of operational deployment

23 October 2009 11



Input

Combine

Utility

MOEs

Calculate FOMsurv

Determine MOEs

Deployment

Tree

Weights

Scenarios



Calculate LCC

LCC/Cost


LCC tree

Input

MOEs

Tree

Weights

Input

MOEs

Tree

Weights


Ope

ratio

na

l effe

ctiv

ene

ss

Sur

viva

bili

ty

Sus

tain

abi

lity

Utility Utility

Combine Combine

Calculate FOMop

Calculate FOMsust

Determine MOEs

Determine MOEs

Input

Combine

Utility

MOEs

Tree

Weights

Product effectiveness LCC/Cost

LCC tree

Input

MOEs

Tree

Weights

Input

MOEs

Tree

Weights

Ope

ratio

na

l effe

ctiv

ene

ss

Sur

viva

bili

ty

Sus

tain

abi

lity

Utility Utility

Combine Combine

Set-up of evaluation of performance• Operational effectiveness• Survivability• Sustainability

Set-up of Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis

23 October 2009 12

Evaluation Operational Effectiveness

• Weights

• Simulation/Expert judgement

• Aggregation of partial results to

generate overall operational

effectiveness


Framework

• Evaluation hierarchy

• Mission task tree

Scena rio

Mission

Mission

Scenario Scenario

Task Task Task

Task


23 October 2009 13



Input

Combine

Utility

MOEs

Calculate FOMsurv

Determine MOEs

Deployment

Tree

Weights

Scenarios



Calculate LCC

LCC/Cost


LCC tree

Input

MOEs

Tree

Weights

Input

MOEs

Tree

Weights


Ope

ratio

na

l effe

ctiv

ene

ss

Sur

viva

bili

ty

Sus

tain

abi

lity

Utility Utility

Combine Combine

Calculate FOMop

Calculate FOMsust

Determine MOEs

Determine MOEs


Calculate FOMsurv

Determine MOEs

Calculate LCC

Calculate FOMop

Calculate FOMsust

Determine MOEs

Determine MOEs

Evaluation of alternatives

23 October 2009 14



Input

Combine

Utility

MOEs

Calculate FOMsurv

Determine MOEs

Deployment

Tree

Weights

Scenarios



Calculate LCC

LCC/Cost


LCC tree

Input

MOEs

Tree

Weights

Input

MOEs

Tree

Weights


Ope

ratio

na

l effe

ctiv

ene

ss

Sur

viva

bili

ty

Sus

tain

abi

lity

Utility Utility

Combine Combine

Calculate FOMop

Calculate FOMsust

Determine MOEs

Determine MOEs



Analysis of results• Cost effectiveness analysis• Comparison of alternatives• Sensitivity analysis

23 October 2009 15

Simulation Based Performance Assessment

• A methodology for assessing operational performance and life cycle cost of a platform

• Application:• Can be applied during all phases of the Defence Materiel

Process and in maintenance/ modification programmes.• The methodology is being adjusted for translating operational

requirements into technical requirements.

23 October 2009 16

Manning concept framework

Missions

ScenariosMaritime

tasks

Operational context

OrganisationalStructure

SystemsTasks & Work

processes

Architectures

DesignChoices

Requirements

Functional demands

Detailed design

Conceptual design

Eff

ect

ive

ness

Inve

stmen

t and

life cycle

costs

Strategic andAmbition level

Workspace

Terminal station

Collaboration

Crew

DesignChoices

Role Plan

Environment

Missions

ScenariosMaritime

tasks

Operational context


SystemsTasks & Work

processes

Architectures

DesignChoices

Requirements

Functional demands

Detailed design

Conceptual design

Eff

ect

ive

ness

Inve

stmen

t and

life cycle

costs


Workspace

Terminal station

Collaboration

Crew

DesignChoices

Role Plan

Environment

23 October 2009 17

Strategic ambition

Level of violenceAmbition level task performance

Endurance ambition

Ambition level Technology & RAM Training Manning

HighAll main tasks parallel Good

High tech, high RAM Ashore Constrained

Medium

Main tasks parallel - without external support Poor

High tech, low RAM

On board - self supporting Not constrained

Low

Main tasks parallel - with external support

Low tech, high RAM

On board - with coachingMain tasks

sequential - without external support Low tech, low RAMMain tasks sequential - with external support

23 October 2009 18

Functional demands

• Focus on the platform

• Operational context• Scenarios

• Missions and tasks• MOEs to evaluate these tasks

Missions

ScenariosMaritime

tasks

Operational context


SystemsTasks & Work

processes

Architectures

DesignChoices

Requirements

Functional demands

Detailed design

Conceptual design

Eff

ect

ive

ness

Inve

stmen

t and

life cycle

costs


Workspace

Terminal station

Collaboration

Crew

DesignChoices

Role Plan

Environment

Missions

ScenariosMaritime

tasks

Operational context


SystemsTasks & Work

processes

Architectures

DesignChoices

Requirements

Functional demands

Detailed design

Conceptual design

Eff

ect

ive

ness

Inve

stmen

t and

life cycle

costs


Workspace

Terminal station

Collaboration

Crew

DesignChoices

Role Plan

Environment

23 October 2009 19

Conceptual design

• Focus on manning teams

• Organisational structure• Tasks and work processes• Teams• Architecture

• Examples:• Command bridge• Modular teams• Support ashore

Missions

ScenariosMaritime

tasks

Operational context


SystemsTasks & Work

processes

Architectures

DesignChoices

Requirements

Functional demands

Detailed design

Conceptual design

Eff

ect

ive

ness

Inve

stmen

t and

life cycle

costs


Workspace

Terminal station

Collaboration

Crew

DesignChoices

Role Plan

Environment

Missions

ScenariosMaritime

tasks

Operational context


SystemsTasks & Work

processes

Architectures

DesignChoices

Requirements

Functional demands

Detailed design

Conceptual design

Eff

ect

ive

ness

Inve

stmen

t and

life cycle

costs


Workspace

Terminal station

Collaboration

Crew

DesignChoices

Role Plan

Environment

23 October 2009 20

Detailed design

• Focus on single crew members

• Working environment• Outside view• Workplace• Noise

• People• Education• Workload

• Technique• Ergonomics• Automation

• Rules and laws

Missions

ScenariosMaritime

tasks

Operational context


SystemsTasks & Work

processes

Architectures

DesignChoices

Requirements

Functional demands

Detailed design

Conceptual design

Eff

ect

ive

ness

Inve

stmen

t and

life cycle

costs


Workspace

Terminal station

Collaboration

Crew

DesignChoices

Role Plan

Environment

Missions

ScenariosMaritime

tasks

Operational context


SystemsTasks & Work

processes

Architectures

DesignChoices

Requirements

Functional demands

Detailed design

Conceptual design

Eff

ect

ive

ness

Inve

stmen

t and

life cycle

costs


Workspace

Terminal station

Collaboration

Crew

DesignChoices

Role Plan

Environment

23 October 2009 21

Use of the framework

Strategic ambition

Functional demands

Conceptual design

Detailed design

23 October 2009 22


• A framework to support the generation and evaluation of manning concepts

• On effectiveness and costs• Provides a structure to consider all relevant manning related

aspects

Missions

ScenariosMaritime

tasks

Operational context


SystemsTasks & Work

processes

Architectures

DesignChoices

Requirements

Functional demands

Detailed design

Conceptual design

Effe

ctiv

enes

s

Investment and

life cycle co

sts


Workspace

Terminal station

Collaboration

Crew

DesignChoices

Role Plan

Environment

Missions

ScenariosMaritime

tasks

Operational context


SystemsTasks & Work

processes

Architectures

DesignChoices

Requirements

Functional demands

Detailed design

Conceptual design

Effe

ctiv

enes

s

Investment and

life cycle co

sts


Workspace

Terminal station

Collaboration

Crew

DesignChoices

Role Plan

Environment

23 October 2009 23

SBPA and manning concepts

Strategic ambition

Platform level /

Functional demands

Conceptual level

Detailed level

Manning conceptShip design

Ship design

Ship design

Manning concept

Manning concept


SBPAShip design Manning concept

Strategic ambition

Platform level /

Functional demands

Conceptual level

Detailed level

Manning conceptManning conceptShip designShip design

Ship designShip design

Ship designShip design

Manning conceptManning concept

Manning conceptManning concept


SBPAShip designShip design Manning conceptManning concept

23 October 2009 24

Conclusions

• SBPA & Manning concept framework• Support the design and acquisition process of new platforms• Integral assessment on performance and costs• At various levels of detail• Not an easy recipe• Provide a structure to assess relevant aspects

23 October 2009 25

Conclusions

• SBPA & Manning concept framework• Support the design and acquisition process of new platforms• Integral assessment on performance and costs• At various levels of detail• Not an easy recipe

Questions ?

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Documents

Wouter Noordkamp The assessment of new platforms on operational performance and manning concepts