WORLD WAR I AND ITS AFTERMATH

What were the results?

• Germany surrendered.• Allies impose Treaty of Versailles.

• Declares Germany guilty for war.

• This sets the stage for WWII! • League of Nations formed to try to

prevent war in the future.

Surrender

•Eventually, the Allies overwhelmed the Germans with men and equipment •“Americans and tanks”

German Surrender

• Germans protesting against the war• Economic collapse of Germany (British

navy blocking German ports: Germans starving)

• German mutiny (Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm II gave up power on November 9th, 1918)

Germany

• Germany: Nov 11, 1918

• ARMISTICE TREATY: Officiallyended WWI with a treaty between Germany and Allies that ended the war on the Western Front

• Armistice Day Veterans Day (1954)

Paris Peace Conference

• Dominated by the BIG FOUR: U.S., France,

Britain, and Italy• The victorious powers

met in Paris in 1919 to determine the postwar settlement• Representatives from the

Central Powers were NOT invited to attend

• The Russians were NOT invited to attend

• January 1919

Georges Clemenceau (France), Lloyd George (Britain), and Woodrow Wilson (US) at Versailles

PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE

• Wanted Germany to pay back reparations to the Allies

• Brought about the Treaty of Versailles

Treaty of Versailles

• Peace treaty signing in Versailles, France in June 1919

• Germany’s colonies were divided among surrounding nations• Had to surrender their African colonies

• Germany pay back billions in reparations

• Germany limit the size of their military

NEW COUNTRIES

• Created new nations of• Czechoslovakia • Yugoslavia (Bosnia and Serbia were joined

under this new nation)

• Reestablished Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and Poland as independent countries

Creation of new countries

• Austria• Hungary• Czechoslovakia• Romania• Yugoslavia• Poland• East Prussia• Latvia• Estonia• Lithuania• Russia U.S.S.R.

Wilson’s Fourteen Points

Wilson’s Fourteen Points

• Were never adopted for several reasons

• The U.S. never joined the League of Nations because Senate rejected it, but it did set up a model for the United Nations

• The U.S. adopted a policy of isolationism

•The League might possibly drag the U. S. back into another war

•The League might interfere in our own domestic affairs.

•The U.S. felt the League would be dominated by England and its buddies.

• League membership would involve the U.S. in world problems • Violates isolationist poicy

Russian Revolution

• Russian citizens demand a change in government and an end to the war, so they overthrow the Russian czar

• Rise of the Bolsheviks, a group of radical Russian socialists • New Bolshevik leader, Vladimir Lenin,

withdrew Russia from the war• Sets the stage for Joseph Stalin

coming into power

Impact

Social:• Almost 10 million soldiers were killed

and over 20 million are wounded• Millions of civilians died as a result of

the hostilities, famine, and disease• The world was left with hatred,

intolerance, and extreme nationalism.

ImpactEconomic:• The total cost of the war: Over $350

billion. How was this paid for???•HEAVY TAXES: causes lower standard

of living for the European people.• Russia: communist seize power and

introduce a new economic system.• Economic collapses bring on the

Great Depression of the late 1920’s and 1930’s.

Impact

Political:• U. S. emerges as a world power

• New countries are created in central Europe

• The League of Nations is created to solve international problems and

maintain world peace. • Will be a failure.

• Many nations turn to military dictatorships• Primarily Russia, Italy, and Germany, to

control their political problems.

A Look Into WWII

• Germany is upset by the harsh treatment by the Allies……………

WHAT WILL THEY DO?????