World War II, 1920 - 1945:

The Lost Generation, 1918 - 1929

AP European History

Androstic

2012-2013

Introduction● World War One will have dramatic

consequences that few understand● Europe was unable to cope with the challenges

of the 1920's, and will search for new ways to govern.

● Topics– Lost Generation– Spread of Democracy– Weimar Republic– Pacifism– The Great Depression

The Lost Generation

“Lost”

● A sense of despair prevailed throughout Europe and America– What was gained by the war?

– What had peace brought?

– Disillusionment with old ideas and concepts

– Cynical about the casualties of the war

● New Artistic styles

– Writers such as Ernest Hemingway, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and Erich Maria Remarque

– Jazz!– Dadaism, Surrealism, and Cubism

The Spread of Democracy

Political Changes

● Universal suffrage granted for both men and women

● Increased government regulation of the economy– 8 hour work day– Labor unions grow

powerfulGerman election poster from 1919: Equal rights - equal duties!

1. What were the major problems of the new states that emerged after World War One?

2. How successful were these new states at modernizing?

Eastern European Problems

The Weimar Republic

1. Describe the revolution of 1918.

Weimar Republic: 1924 - 1933

Weimar Republic

2. Describe the threats to the Weimar Republic arose from the

left and the right.

Stabbed in the Back Theory

Disgruntled German WWI veterans

The German Government, 1919 - 1920

The Spartacist League

Treaty of Rapallo, 1922

● No states would trade with either Germany or the USSR

● Provisions– Opened trade

between the two states

– Germany would train its military there

3. How did the great inflation of 1923 affect Germany?

The German Mark

INFLATION!

French Occupy the Ruhr Valley, 1923

23

Ruhr Valley

Beer Hall Putsch, 1923

Hitler in Prison

Dawes Plan

Political Representation in the Weimar

Republic, 1920 - 1933

Pacifism

Search for Security

● The European states were horrified by the brutality of WWI and they did not want to repeat it

● They signed a series of treaties they thought would prevent future problems

Washington Naval Conference, 1921 - 1922

Maginot Line

4. Describe the Treaty of Locarno.

Locarno Pact, 1925

● Germany ended its objections to its loss of territory

● All states agreed to cooperate

Kellogg-Briand Pact, 1928

● 65 States agree to renounce war as national policy

● Problem! How to enforce?

1. What was the significance of the Japanese political invasion

of Manchuria?

The Great Depression

1. Explain the major weaknesses in the prosperity of

the 1920s.

2. What brought on the stock market crash of October 1929?

Describe the events that followed the financial crisis.

Stock Market Crash of 1929

The Great Depression, 1929 - 1941

3. Explain the impact of the Depression of the world

economy.

4. How did unemployment affect people’s political

developments?

Unemployment Number and Percentage, 1930 - 1938

5. Describe the economic measures taken by

governments during the depression.

Reaction to Crisis

Many people blamed old European ideas for causing the crash and the problems of Europe. They looked for new ways of

government and economics

FASCISM

AND

COMMUNISM

Summary

● After World War One, Europe was “Lost”● The Weimar Republic struggled to keep

Germany stable● Diplomatically, Pacifism dominated● Following the NY Stock Market crash, Europe

went into a deep Depression– Worse than the USA– Germany was hit the hardest