World War I was all about the place of Germany in Europe

France and Germany hated each other! When Germany became united country in 1870-1, France went to war to try to stop it … but got WHOPPED!

France also lost Alsace-Lorraine in 1870-1.The French never forgave the Germans.

They wanted REVENGE.

Germany in the Middle

That made it VULNERABLE if it came to a war.

Causes of the Great WarCauses of the Great War

Europe @ its peak by 1914Europe @ its peak by 1914

- Industrial Revolution- Industrial Revolution 4 conditions lead to the Great War4 conditions lead to the Great War

- M.A.I.N.- M.A.I.N.1.1. MilitarismMilitarism

2.2. Alliance SystemAlliance System

3.3. ImperialismImperialism

4.4. NationalismNationalism

ImperialismImperialism

Competition Competition among nations among nations for colonies, for colonies, resources, resources, markets, etc.markets, etc.

GB and France GB and France successful successful while Germ and while Germ and Austria-Austria-Hungary not!Hungary not!

Imperialism and the Balance of Power

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                

                                                                                                                                                                       

MilitarismMilitarism Pride in fighting for Pride in fighting for

country, glory, country, glory, heroismheroism

Increased build-up Increased build-up of military spending of military spending & military forces& military forces

1.1. Germany: naval Germany: naval forces to rival forces to rival EnglandEngland

2.2. Increase size of most Increase size of most Euro armiesEuro armies

Militarism & Arms RaceMilitarism & Arms Race

1870 1880 1890 1900 1910 1914

94 130 154 268 289 398

Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br.,

Rus.] in millions of £s.

1910-1914 Increase in Defense

Expenditures

France 10%

Britain 13%

Russia 39%

Germany

73%

NationalismNationalism

Desire of a people to Desire of a people to rule themselvesrule themselves

– Americans vs British Americans vs British (1776)(1776)

– Bosnian Slavs vs AH Bosnian Slavs vs AH (1914)(1914)

Alliance SystemAlliance System

Triple Alliance 1882Triple Alliance 1882

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, and Ottoman Empire Italy, and Ottoman Empire

Triple Entente 1907Triple Entente 1907

France, Russia, France, Russia, Great Britain Great Britain

Effect: If two countries have a conflict, this Effect: If two countries have a conflict, this will bring in all of their allies= WORLD will bring in all of their allies= WORLD CONFLICT!CONFLICT!

Stage is SetStage is Set

Nationalism in Bosnia and SerbiaNationalism in Bosnia and Serbia Competition for BosniaCompetition for Bosnia

– Russia and A-H compete Russia and A-H compete

for control of Balkan Peninsulafor control of Balkan Peninsula– 1908, A-H annexes Bosnia; 1908, A-H annexes Bosnia; – Serbia wants independenceSerbia wants independence

for Bosnia!for Bosnia!– Serbian Nationalists scheme Serbian Nationalists scheme

to assassinate Archduke of to assassinate Archduke of

Austria-Hungary (heir to the Austria-Hungary (heir to the thrown)thrown)

War Breaks OutWar Breaks Out Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, June 1914June 1914 Serbian Nationalist Group called the Black HandSerbian Nationalist Group called the Black Hand July 5, 1914 Germany issues A-H “blank check” July 5, 1914 Germany issues A-H “blank check”

– pledging military assistance if A-H goes to war against pledging military assistance if A-H goes to war against RussiaRussia

ADFFADFF Gavrilo PrincipGavrilo Princip

Who’s To Blame?Who’s To Blame?

TimelineTimeline AH and Germany vs AH and Germany vs

SerbiaSerbia Russia defends Slavic Russia defends Slavic

country of Serbiacountry of Serbia France supports ally France supports ally

Russia Russia Germany invades Germany invades

Belgium (“Belgium is a Belgium (“Belgium is a country, not a road”)country, not a road”)

Belgium gains British Belgium gains British supportsupport

WORLD WAR I Begins WORLD WAR I Begins – July 28, 1914 – July 28, 1914

Alliances GrowAlliances Grow

Triple Entente Triple Entente “Allied Powers” “Allied Powers”– France, Great Britain, Russia, BelgiumFrance, Great Britain, Russia, Belgium

Triple Alliance Triple Alliance “Central Powers” “Central Powers”– Germany, A-H, Bulgaria, Ottoman Germany, A-H, Bulgaria, Ottoman

EmpireEmpire

Where is the US in all of this?

What plan do you think What plan do you think Germany had to end the Germany had to end the

war?war?

““Race to the Sea”Race to the Sea”

Paris then MoscowParis then Moscow von Schlieffen Planvon Schlieffen Plan Belgium. . . BritainBelgium. . . Britain 11stst Battle of the Marne Battle of the Marne

MobilizationMobilization

Home by Christmas!

No major war in 50 years!

Nationalism!

Home by Christmas!

No major war in 50 years!

Nationalism!

A Young Australian Recruit

A Young Australian Recruit

Recruits of the Central PowersRecruits of the Central Powers

Austro-Austro-HungariansHungarians

Austro-Austro-HungariansHungarians

A German Soldier A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Says Farewell to His

MotherMother

A German Soldier A German Soldier Says Farewell to His Says Farewell to His

MotherMother

New French RecruitsNew French Recruits

A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

A German Boy Pretends to Be a Soldier

Soldiers Mobilized

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

France Germany Russia Britain

Mil

lio

ns

Modern WarfareModern Warfare

Stalemate- situation where neither Stalemate- situation where neither side is able to gain the advantageside is able to gain the advantage

Both sides thought quick warBoth sides thought quick war

Trench WarfareTrench Warfare

Dug themselves Dug themselves into the groundinto the ground

Horrible conditionsHorrible conditions– Dead bodiesDead bodies– RatsRats– LiceLice Trench Fever Trench Fever

Caused the war to Caused the war to drag ondrag on

US ResponseUS Response

Neutral Neutral Personal involvementPersonal involvement

– Why would a third of the population feel Why would a third of the population feel personally involved?personally involved?

– ¼ German, 1/8 Irish: Didn’t like GB¼ German, 1/8 Irish: Didn’t like GB US opposed Kaiser WilhelmUS opposed Kaiser Wilhelm

– Autocrat: Ruler with unlimited powerAutocrat: Ruler with unlimited power

US ResponseUS Response

Why would the US stay neutral?Why would the US stay neutral? TradeTrade

– US investment: 3.5 billion US investment: 3.5 billion German ships disrupting tradeGerman ships disrupting trade

Preparation and PeacePreparation and Peace

GB urged US to prepareGB urged US to prepare– To help aid: supplies or troopsTo help aid: supplies or troops

1914: Patriotic Education1914: Patriotic Education 1915: Gov’t setup camps to train1915: Gov’t setup camps to train 1916: Congress ok’d an increase in 1916: Congress ok’d an increase in

armed forces armed forces PeacePeace

– Progressives, women, CongressProgressives, women, Congress

ReviewReview

What was US response to the war?What was US response to the war? What did the US do to prepare for the What did the US do to prepare for the

war?war?

U BoatsU Boats

U-boat- Unterseeboot/submarine U-boat- Unterseeboot/submarine Changed naval warfareChanged naval warfare

– How?How? Passenger and merchant ships Passenger and merchant ships Issued no warning to their targets Issued no warning to their targets

– Americans dislikedAmericans disliked

LusitaniaLusitania

May 7, 1915- British passenger ship May 7, 1915- British passenger ship – Carrying weaponsCarrying weapons– 1,200 passengers died1,200 passengers died

Media Media – Ran wild with this issueRan wild with this issue

Wilson= patience Wilson= patience – Germany repay the familiesGermany repay the families

Sussex PledgeSussex Pledge

Germany Germany – Still went after passenger ships w/o Still went after passenger ships w/o

warningwarning US threaten to cut off relations w. US threaten to cut off relations w.

Germ.Germ. Sussex PledgeSussex Pledge

– U Boats warn ships before attackingU Boats warn ships before attacking US gives the Allies a huge loanUS gives the Allies a huge loan

– What does this mean?What does this mean?

Election of 1916Election of 1916

““He kept us out of war”He kept us out of war” Wilson won a close raceWilson won a close race Germany tested WilsonGermany tested Wilson

– Broke Sussex PledgeBroke Sussex Pledge

Zimmermann NoteZimmermann Note

Filibuster- Tactic where senators take Filibuster- Tactic where senators take the floor and talk to prevent a vote to the floor and talk to prevent a vote to occuroccur

Zimmermann NoteZimmermann Note– Germany to MexicoGermany to Mexico– Mexico and Wilson took it lightly Mexico and Wilson took it lightly – Inching the US towards warInching the US towards war

RevolutionRevolution

Russia 1917Russia 1917– GETTING GETTING

CRUSHED!!!!!!!CRUSHED!!!!!!!– 1.8 Million dead, 2.4 1.8 Million dead, 2.4

Mil. POWs, 2.8 mil Mil. POWs, 2.8 mil sick or wounded sick or wounded

– No food or supplies No food or supplies – March 197 Tsar is March 197 Tsar is

outout April 6, 1917April 6, 1917

– US declares warUS declares war