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World War I: underlying causesMarching toward war
ALLIANCES: __________________________________ among nations
The Cousins War
Wilhelm II of ______________ George V of ________________ Nicholas II of _______________UNDERLYING CAUSES: M.A.N.I.A.
M: _____________ A: _____________ N: _____________ I: _____________ A: ____________militarism The policy of glorifying _____________________ and keeping an army prepared for
___________ Includes the development of new ___________________ and large reserve _________________ Results in the rise of a dangerous European _________________________ Mobilization: The organization of resources for ______________; Generally triggers other
______________to do the same Example: During the early 1900s Kaiser Wilhelm II expanded the German _____________
o Wanted Germany to be ______________________________ in terms of naval strengtho Great Britain felt ______________________as a result of Germany’s naval buildupo Solution? _____________________ the British Navy & developed a new _________________;
The Dreadnought
Triple Entente (1907):
_______________________________________________________________ (Allied Powers)
*After the war starts _________________ switches sides and joins the Allied Powers
Triple alliance (1882):
_______________________________________________________* (Central Powers)
Allied in an attempt to isolate ______________________
Nationalism French Nationalism: French nationalists sought revenge against ________________ after
their loss of _________________________________in the Franco-Prussian War (1870) Slavic Nationalism: A large-scale movement to ___________ all Slavic people under
__________________ The _______________wanted to lead Slavic unification; supported by ___________________ (why?) German Nationalism: Germany wanted to prove its ____________________ in comparison to
the other great powers of EuropeImperialism As European countries continued to compete for
_____________________________, their sense of rivalry & ____________________ of one another deepened
Germany & ________________came close to fighting a war over the control of Morocco
Germany wanted to create a ________________________ Railway; Caused resentment in ____________________
Feared interference with ________________ & reduced traffic thru the Suez Canal
anarchy At this time the nations of
Europe began to ______________________ without consulting their neighbors
Problem? If a crisis arose there was no
__________________________________________________________ to monitor it…
World War I: the beginnings
Declarations of war!
Austria-Hungary gave Serbia ______________________to agree to the ultimatum; Serbia _______________________ to agree to all parts
July 28, 1914 : Austria-Hungary __________________________ on Serbia! Russia, an __________________ Serbia, ___________________________ along the
borders of Germany & Austria-Hungary Germany _____________________ to stop; Russia _________________! Germany issued an ultimatum to ______________; Gave France 18 hours to decide
whether or not it would _____________________; France gave an _________________________ answer!
08/01/1914 : ________________ declared war on _________________ 08/03/1914: Germany declared war on ______________________ Great Britain hoped to remain _______________; DID NOT want to become
______________ in a war…HOWEVER…
The Spark! Archduke _____________________________ of Austria-Hungary
was ____________________ by Gavrilo Princip Princip was a member of the __________________nationalist group
__________________________ Ferdinand planned to give the Slavs of Bosnia-Herzegovina an
_________________ in the Austro-Hungarian government This threatened the _________________ for a separate _______________
state
Trouble in the balkans Many groups in the ______________________ win independence from
____________________________________in the early 1900s New nation of Serbia is made up largely of _______________ Austria-Hungary ___________________ the Slavic region of
_________________________________________ (1908) Serbia is ____________________!; sees itself as the rightful ruler of these Slavic
lands Serbia vowed to take B-H away from Austria; Austria-Hungary vowed to
___________________________ if they did…
The Balkan Powder
Keg June 28, 1914
Tensions build! – Alliances Tested! Austria-Hungary held the _____________________________ responsible for the assassination of
Ferdinand Austria-Hungary sought _____________________ from Germany in the event of war Germany issued a “__________________________” to Austria-Hungary Blank Check: William II _______________________________ any actions that Austria-
Hungary might take against Serbia The Ultimatum : (set of final conditions that must be accepted to avoid severe
consequence) Main condition: Austria-Hungary demanded ___________________ into Serbia to conduct an
Expectations
World War I: The Turning Point
The U.S. Enters…
The Belgium issue Germany _________________________ across Belgium in order to
fight France Part of Germany’s ____________________ Plan Back in 1839 Britain, Russia, France & Germany had signed a
treaty that guaranteed ______________________________; Great Britain ____________________ Germany’s demand
Despite Belgium’s neutrality, _________________________ it Great Britain demanded that Germany immediately
________________ from Belgium Germany responded by referring to the treaty as nothing
more than a “__________________________________” ____________________________ declared war on Germany on Aug
4, 1914
The Schlieffen Plan
The Schlieffen Plan: Germany’s plan to deal with a ________________________ war
The German army DID NOT want to fight the war on _________________ fronts at the ______________ time
Germany believed that the Russian army would be __________________________________
Believed they could defeat _________________ on the Western Front in 5 to 6 weeks
Planned to invade Belgium & _______________________; They would then be able to fight __________________ on the Eastern Front
Both sides thought that the war would be a quick ordeal… Kaiser told his soldiers, “You’ll be home before
the leaves have fallen from the trees.” French troops marched off shouting, “We’ll be
home by Christmas.” They underestimated the role industrialization
would play in this war…
U.S. Early Policy
When World War I began, the U.S. The Lusitania (May, 1915) Germany ______________ a British
passenger ship
wwi: The Turning PointRussia ExitS
U.S. Early Policy
When World War I began, the U.S. The Lusitania (May, 1915) Germany ______________ a British
passenger ship
German submarine warfare
Germany ___________________unrestricted submarine warfare
Germany sank 4 US ___________________ during the winter of 1917
Zimmermann telegram
Message from _______________ foreign minister to German ambassador to _________________
Promised Mexico the return of New Mexico, Texas & Arizona in exchange for _________________________
The British ___________________ the telegram & shared with US
propaganda
In the US most ____________ about the war came from _________________
___________________ German atrocities against British citizens
Affected US ___________________
The u.s. enters wwi! 4/2/1917 –_________________ asked Congress
for a declaration of _____________ 4/6/1917 – Congress voted to enter war on
the side of ___________________; The Yanks are Coming!
A new kind of war War of the Industrial Revolution – warfare relies on ____________________ TOTAL WAR: Nations devoted all ___________________ to war
o Governments took control of __________________ to produce war goods; Factories produced munitions; citizens put to work
o Women replaced men in _________________________; built tanks and munitions, plowed fields, paved streets, ran hospitals, supplied troops
o Rationing: Since goods were in ______________________, governments asked people to only buy small amounts of items; Everyone did their part!
Russia before wwi __________________empire; Great __________________ Limited industry
wwi: The END OF THE WAR
Russia during wwi ________________________ from all supplies & allies… However, Russia greatly aided the war effort by
_________________ German troops from attacking France & Great Britain
Problems : Morale was ________________________________
Over _______of soldiers had no gun; had to retrieve guns from dead soldiers
Inadequate _______________________; food ________________ in the cities
1 st Russian revolution (March 1917)
Problems lead to _______________________ in Russia Czar Nicholas II: Unpopular & ______________; Relied on mystic healer
____________ Chose NOT to ____________ the government Nicholas II was _____________ – end of ______________ Dynasty! Revolutionaries set up a _________________ (temporary) government Provisional government pledged to continue to fight in the war, BUT… By 1917 Russian soldiers ________________ to fight! (nearly 5.5 million
Russian soldiers had been wounded, killed, or taken prisoner!) Provisional government lost its ______________; Opens the door for
socialism! Rival groups emerged – __________(socialist workers councils) - to fill the
role of the gov’t
2nd Russian Revolution: (November 1917) Bolsheviks: Radical group that wanted to introduce a
_____________ society by ________ Promised the people “__________, ___________ and bread” Vladimir Lenin : Leader of the _____________ (communists) who had been in
exile ____________ aided Lenin in returning to Russia…why? November 1917: Lenin/Bolsheviks staged a ___________________ Established a ________________ state Ended _________________ property Distributed land among peasants
March 1918: Russia __________________from WWI! Treaty of Brest-Litovsk: Russia lost much of its
_______________territory; _____ of its population (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Ukraine)
The end of the war! After Russia withdrew from the war, Germany
only had to deal with a _______________ war Germany hoped to launch a final
Armistice (agreement to stop fighting) was signed on
_____________________________________________
Legacy of war 8.5 million soldiers
_____________; 21 million _____________________
Devastated European ___________________; drained national treasuries
Destroyed ________________ of farmland & towns
The end of the war! After Russia withdrew from the war, Germany
only had to deal with a _______________ war Germany hoped to launch a final