World History

Unit 3

An Age of Exchange and Encounter:

500 to A.D. 1500

Chapter 11Byzantines, Russians, and Turks

Interact, 500 - 1500 A.D.

Section 2

Byzantium Becomes the New Rome

Byzantines, Russians, and Turks Interact, 500–1500

11CHAPTER

Time Line

500 1500

527 Justinian becomes ruler of Byzantine Empire.

850s Byzantine culture spreads to Russia.

1054 Christianity splits into Roman Catholic and Orthodox branches.

1240 Kiev destroyed by Mongols.

1480 Ivan III ends Mongol control of Russia.

Byzantium Becomes the New Rome

Objectives• To describe Byzantine politics and the rise of Emperor

Justinian.• To describe Justinian’s achievements, and life in

Constantinople.• To characterize Byzantine education.• To identify the causes of the Byzantine Empire’s collapse• To explain why the Eastern and Western churches created

two traditions.• Vocabulary: Justianian Code, Hagia Sophia, patriarch, icon,

iconoclast, excommunication, schism, Cyrillic alphabet

The New Rome

Capital– Constantinople– Constantine - 330 AD

Justinian - 527 AD– Belisarius

• recovered most of empire

– ‘New’ Caesar• ruled state and church• absolute power

New Rome– Greek not Latin– Justinian Code

• single, uniform civil law code– 4 parts

• serves for 900 years

Life in Constantinople

Rebuilding a New Rome– rebuilt fortress-like city

• palace

– intensive church-building• church and state

• Hagia Sophia– Christianity’s most splendid

– law courts, schools, hospitals• Hippodrome

– chariot races– riots (Theodora)

Education– Greek and Roman literature

• Homer, Euclid, Herodotus

– girls home schooled

Byzantine Decline

Justinian’s Plague - 542 AD– bubonic plague

• 8-12 years

– 10,000 deaths a day

Attacks– Germanic tribes in west

• Crusades in 1204

– Slavs in the north• Russians

– Sassanid in east– Islam from the south

Fall– Ottoman Turks in 1453

A Church Divided

Eastern Orthodox– patriarch

• heads church with bishops

– icons• religious images; banned in east by

Leo III

• iconoclasts - icon-breakers

• restored by Theodora

Roman Catholic– excommunication

• Byzantine emperor over icons

• 1054– pope versus patriarch

– schism• split in two churches

• Cyrillic alphabet– Saints Methodius and Cyril

Byzantium Becomes the New Rome

Section 1 Assessment

1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List Justinian’s accomplishments as emperor of the New Rome.

Justinian

Conquered most of Italy and parts of Spain

Rebuilt the Hagia Sophia

Established Justinian Code

Enlarged his palace

Encouraged trade, education

Built aqueducts, courts, schools, hospitals

Rebuilt Constantinople’s fortifications

Chapter 11Byzantines, Russians, and Turks

Interact, 500 - 1500 A.D.

Section 2

Russians Adapt Byzantine Culture

Russians Adapt Byzantine Culture

Objectives

• To summarize the Slavic, Greek, and Viking roots of Russia and Russian culture.

• To describe the rise and fall of the principality of Kiev.

• To explain how the Mongol invasions united Russia and empowered Moscow.

• Vocabulary: Slavs, boyars, Olga, Vladimer, Yaroslav the Wise, Alexander Nevsky, czar

Slavic and Greek Cultures

Slavs– people from Black Sea forests– farmers and traders

Varangians (Rus)– Vikings from Scandanavia– boyars - nobles– Novgorod

• 1st important city

– Kiev• trade with Byzantines

Christianity – Princess Olga

• 1st to convert

– Vladimir - 989• Kievan Christian conversion

Kievan Russia

Yaroslav the Wise - 1019-54– Vladimir’s son– legal code for property /

commerce

Kievan Decline– division of empire– Crusade’s impact

Mongol Rise - 1200s– Genghis Khan– rule southern Russia 200 years– Khanate of the Golden Horde

• Slavic obedience

• massive tribute– Alexander Nevsky

Moscow

Saint Alexander Nevsky– military hero; church defender

Moscow– founded 1100– Iine of Ivan princeships

• Ivan III - 1462-1505– 1st czar; Caesar

• married Byzantine princess

– Ugra River • bloodless standoff

Russians Adapt Byzantine Culture

Section 2 Assessment

1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. Explain the effects of Mongol rule in Russia.

Nobles Church PeopleMoscow Princes

Collected tribute;put down revolts

Tolerated by Mongols; acted as link between Mongols andRussians

Paid high taxes;developed a devotion to icons

Became taxcollectors forMongols; gained control of smallstates aroundMoscow

Chapter 11Byzantines, Russians, and Turks

Interact, 500 - 1500 A.D.

Section 3

Turkish Empires Rise in Anatolia

Turkish Empires Rise in Anatolia

Objectives

• To describe the rise of the Seljuk Turks and their impact on Persian culture.

• To explain how internal problems and foreign attack ended Seljuk power.

• Vocabulary: mamelukes, Seljuks, vizier, Malik Shah

Rise of the Turks

Turks– nomadic herders, horsemen

• fierce warriors

– mamelukes• Turkish military slaves

– Abbasid Empire (Persian)• after 945, religious leader only

• Seljuks– migrated into Abbasid

• Islamic conversion (Shi’a)

– capture Baghdad

– Anatolia• Battle of Manzikert (1071)

– courting of Persians• strong support; influence

Seljuk Turks

Malik Shah - (1055-1092)– last great Seljuk sultan

• vizier– prime minister

– collection of minor kingdoms

Crusades– 1095 Edict

• Pope Urban II

– 1099• capture Jerusalem

– 1187• Saladin recaptures Jerusalem

Mongols– 1200 (Genghis Khan)

Turkish Empires Rise in Anatolia

3Section Assessment

1. Look at the graphic to help organize your thoughts. List several events in the last 200 years of the Abassid Empire.

756 Spainbreaksaway.

788Moroccobreaks away.

800Tunisiabreaksaway.

809Parts ofPersiaare lost.

868Abbasidslose controlof Egypt.

945Baghdadfalls to Persians.