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World History End of Course Test Review
What are the two conflicting ideals of the Cold War?
Democracy – United StatesCommunism – Soviet Union
During the Cold War, who dominated Eastern European countries such as East Germany and Poland?
Eastern European was dominated by the Soviet Union
What method did Gandhi and others used to gain independence and civil rights for all?
Nonviolent civil disobedience
The Nuremberg Trials was a major event in the 20th Century, what did the trials establish?
The Trials established principles of responsibility for human rights violations
Place the following events in order as the happened.
a. Victory in Japanb. Europe surrendersc. Bombing of Hiroshima and
Nagasakid. D-Daye. Invasion of Poland1
2
34
5
The Nuremberg Laws lead to what major event during World War II?
The Laws led to the Holocaust
Why did Russia enter World War II?
Russia enters into WWII in response to German invasion
Japan’s industrialization leads to a demand for ________________.
natural resources
Explain the Roosevelt Corollary.
Gave the U.S. the right to intervene if Latin American independence was threatened
Why did the League of Nations fail (not work)?
No power to enforce its decisions
United States did not participate
What is an effect of the Treaty of Versailles?
The terms of the Treaty led to World War II.
What are the causes of the Russian Revolution of 1917?
Incompetent leadership by Czar Nicholas II
Peasants’ demands for land reform
Russia’s defeat in the Russo-Japanese War
High Russian casualties in World War I
What are the 2 reasons the U.S. ended the policy of isolationism and entered into World War I?
Sinking of the LusitaniaThe Zimmerman Telegram – Germany’s attempt to ally themselves with Mexico
List the causes of World War I.
assassination of the heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire
attack on the neutral country of Belgium by the German army
division of Europe into a system of two opposing alliances
Define imperialism. How does mercantilism fit into the idea of imperialism?
Imperialism – land grabMercantilism – for the home country to do all it could do to increase wealth through its colonies
Why do Europeans want to control the Suez Canal?
To establish a direct sea trade route from Europe to east Asia
Compare and contrast Capitalism, Socialism, and Communism.
Capitalism is controlled by free market system
Socialism is controlled by the society as a whole
Communism is controlled by the government.
Otto von Bismarck believed in the concept of _______________.
powerful state
What is the Columbian Exchange?
introduction of new foods to both Europe and the Americas
One of Napoleon’s major achievements left behind, which still influences politics today, is __________________________.
the codification of the law
How did the American Revolution influence the independence movement in South America?
providing an example of a successful colonial rebellion for Simon Bolivar and others to try to repeat
List the protections in the American Bill of Rights influenced by the Magna Carta.
life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness
How are the American and French Revolutions similar?
both favored representative governments
List John Locke’s beliefs.
people are born with unalienable rights
people’s individual rights should be protected by a government
What are the effects from the Industrial Revolution in Europe?
the growth of the middle class
What is the central idea behind the Scientific Revolution?
observation and experimentation
Explain Newton’s theory.
Theory includes the laws of motion and gravitation
Machiavelli’s political writings support what political idea?
absolute power
What is a similarity between the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation?
They create less religious tolerance
Martin Luther established a new religion, which led to _________________.
Protestantism
What are the major characteristics of the Renaissance?
classical cultures of Greece and Rome were revived and imitated
Compare and contrast the art of the Middle Ages and of the Renaissance.
Middle Ages – the Church and salvation
Renaissance – everyday life and family relationships
World History End of Course Test Review
Explain the event that takes place in 1066.
Battle of Hastings ◦Anglo-Saxon England was conquered by William of Normandy
List the causes and effect of the Crusades.
Cause◦to regain the Holy Land
Effects◦the growth of trade◦the growth of towns ◦creation of a banking system
Explain the Feudal system. Know the “Feudal System Pyramid”.
Explain how the Byzantine culture has influenced Russia. Why is Constantinople an important city?
The Byzantine – ◦emperor had absolute power◦emperor was the head of both the state and the church
◦style of architecture was greatly admiredConstantinople –
◦located on an easily fortified peninsula near the Black Sea
◦capital of the Byzantine Empire until the Ottoman conquest
Explain the importance of the Twelve Tables. Why were the Twelve Tables written?
Became a model for future law
Reason - To prevent patricians from abusing their positions
During the Punic Wars, what path did Hannibal take to invade Italy?
From Northern Africa through Spain then over the Alps into Italy
What are some of the achievements of Julius Caesar?
Formed triumvirate with Pompey and Crassus
Conquered GaulNamed dictator over Rome
Define Hellenism.
Greek and Macedonian cultures spread through conquest
Plato believed in a government ruled by an aristocracy, or __________________________.
an intellectual upper class
What was Socrates’ belief toward education? How could this be achieved?
Belief – learn to think for themselves
Achievement – through questioning everything
Who ruled the Greek city-state? What are three Greek words that describe the city-state?
Ruled – by the aristocraciesCity-state – polis, acropolis, agora
Explained the geography of Greece.
Greece’s mountains kept groups of Greeks separated.
Define the term “golden age”.
a period of exceptional prosperity and cultural progress
What is a Doric, Ionic, and a Corinthian?
Types of Greek Columns
List the characteristics of the Ancient China society.
Respect for eldersAncestor worshipCivil service examinations
What is Hammurabi’s Code? How is it related to the Chinese legalism?
Hammurabi’s Code –sometimes laws need to distinguish between social classes
Hammurabi’s Code and Chinese legalism both believe harsh laws are needed to control society
Describe the Phoenician civilization.
Developed the alphabetGreat sailors of the ancient world
Established colonies in Spain and North Africa
Why was government development necessary in early civilizations?
Government is needed to maintain order among soaring populations
Why did the humans settle in the Fertile Crescent?
Its many rivers and rich soil supported crops.
Also known as Mesopotamia
Why is the Rosetta Stone important?
helped decode hieroglyphics
Define commodities.
goods with value for trade
List the ways cultural diffusion happens. What determined the movement patterns of early humans?
Cultural diffusion happened through trade and war
Movement patterns of early humans follow animal migration
List the characteristics of a civilization.
Specialize division in jobsGovernment WritingCultureA belief system
How do archaeologists learn about ancient people?
Through artifacts
Explain the Neolithic Agriculture Revolution.
Discovery of agriculture – food could be grown from seeds which led to permanent civilizations
Hinduism Buddhism Judaism Christianity Islam
Founder
Sacred Text
Type of Religion
Important Cities
Basic Beliefs
Unknown
Vedas and Rig-Veda
Caste System
Reincarnation
Siddhartha
None
Four Noble Truths
Reincarnation
Nirvana
Abraham
Torah
10 Com-mandments
Jesus
Holy Bible
Holy trinity
Heaven and Hell
Mohammad
Quran
5 Pillars of Islam
Prayer 5 times a day
Polytheistic Polytheistic Monotheistic
Jerusalem
Monotheistic
Jerusalem
Monotheistic
Mecca