World History Chapter 10:The Later Middle Ages VocabularyBy Jan Gomez#13 (Block 1)March 2012

excommunicateExcommunicate means “to cast

out from the church, the offender.The pope excommunicated the

man that set the church on fire.

Pope Gregory VIIPope Gregory excommunicated

the Roman emperor Henry IV in 1073. Gregory disapproved of a bishop that Henry chose.

Emperor Henry IVEmperor Henry IV was an

emperor of the Holy roman Empire.

In 1073, Pope Gregory VII excommunicated Henry because he disapproved of a bishop he chose.

When Gregory sent out nobles to overthrow Henry, he stood for 3 days in the snow until Gregory finally noticed he was there. He then accepted his apology.

CrusadesThe Crusades were a long series

of wars between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia.

There was 4 crusades. The 1st was in favor of the Christians, but the rest was in favor of the Muslims.

The Crusaders would not rest until they had the Holy Land.

Holy LandThe Holy Land, or Palestine, was

called the Holy Land because it was the region where Jesus had lived, preached, and died.

The Crusades were a fight for the Holy Land during the late 1000s.

We made a trip to the Holy Land, where it was warm.

Pope Urban IIThe Byzantine Empire were being

attacked by Muslims, and he asked Pope Urban for help.

Urban agreed to the request.They sent off unarmed peasants

and soldiers out there, and they claimed the Holy Land once they had won, chanting their cry, “God wills it!” It was all thanks to Pope Urban, who helped them.

King Richard IKing Richard I was the King of

England.He was sent out to the Third

Crusade, along with French and German kings.

After the German king died, and the French king left, King Richard was left in the Holy Land alone.

He had to face the brilliant Muslim leader, Saladin.

SaladinSaladin was the leader of the

Muslim forces.Saladin was a brilliant leader.

Even the Crusaders respected his kindness toward fallen enemies. In turn, Muslims admired Richard’s bravery.

Richard and Saladin fought and negotiated. But Richard came just short.

clergyClergy are church officials.The clergy tried to ask God for

help when the flood hit the city.

Religious orderA religious order is a group of

people who dedicate their lives to religion and follow common rules.

The religious order was very nice to everyone.

Francis to AssisiFrancis, born in Assisi, Italy in

1182, gave all his money and possessions away and left his father’s house.

He preached to people who were poor or ill.

friarsFriars are people who belonged

to religious orders but lived and worked among the general public.

The friars, in my opinion, lived a very simple life.

Thomas Aquinas

Thomas Aquinas was a teacher at the University of Paris.

He argued that rational thought could be used to support Christian beliefs.

He wrote an argument to prove the existence of God.

Natural lawA law that governed how the

world operated. Aquinas called it natural law.

Natural law gave me an idea of how to live.

Magna CartaThis document listing rights that

the king could not ignore was Magna Carta.

The king disapproved of Magna Carta, and argued that the makers of this remove it.

ParliamentThe lawmaking body that

governs England today. The parliament of Canada

decided to make that bill a law.

Hundred Years’ WarA long conflict between England

and France.The Hundred Years’ War was

teamed up with Black Death to make the worst years of Europe.

Joan of ArcRallied the French troops.Eventually captured by the

English, but was too late.The French drove the English in

1453.

Black DeathDeadly plague that swept

through Europe between 1347 and 1351.

The Black Death created major chaos as over 25 million people died from it.

heresyReligious ideas that oppose

accepted church teachings are called heresy.

Ms. Ana did not accept heresy in her class.

Spanish ReconquistaSpanish efforts to retake Spain

from the Moors.The Spanish Reconquista was big

for the Christians and Muslims following the Crusades.

King FerdinandKing Ferdinand was the prince of

Aragon who married Isabella of Castilla.

Ten years, later he became king of Spain.

Queen IsabellaMarried to the king of Aragon.Became king and queen of Spain

soon after 10 years.

Spanish InquisitionsAn organization of priests that

looked for and punished anyone in Spain suspected in secretly practicing their old religion.

The Spanish Inquisitions killed more than 3,400 people.