The Later Middle Ages

(1000-1500)

I. A Growing Food Supply:1. Warmer climate

(800-

1200)

2. New farming methods:a. Three-field system: allowed farmers to plant more crops each year

b. The more efficient horses replaced the oxen

c. New harness allowed the horse to pull heavier loads without choking them

3. RESULT – More food = Increased population

II. Trade – population increase – trade increase, therefore towns grow

1. Crusades: opened many trade routes between Europe and Asia

2. By 1000, towns held fairs (markets were merchants sold their goods)ex. Cloth, salt, honey, cheese, wine, leather, knives

3. MANORS are no longer SELF-SUFFICIENT!!!

4. Trade caused need for MONEY! $$$

III. Guilds: developed in towns and cities and were associations of people who worked at the same occupation (union)

1. Guilds controlled all wages/prices in their craft

2. Must be a master at your craft to join a guild

3. Becoming a master at your craft took years of training as an apprentice

IV. Bubonic Plague: (1300-1400) Deadly disease which swept through Europe from Asia through trade routes

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/2f/Plague_-buboes.jpg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/Smallpox01.jpg

Monks disfigured by

the plague being blessed by a priest

1. Killed 1/3 of the population of Europe (25 million people)

2. EFFECTS OF BLACK DEATH:• Population dramatically decreased

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f8/Spread-Of-The-Black-Death.gif

• Trade Decreased

Ring around the rosiePockets full of posiesAshes, AshesWe all fall down

•Decrease in population = decrease in

workers, therefore serfs left the

manor in search of better wages in

towns and cities Ends Feudal

System/ Manors

•People lost faith in Church

because of their failure to stop the

spread of the Bubonic PlagueDecrease

in power of

Catholic Church

Flagellants

Decrease in power

of Catholic Church

•People became pessimistic about life and focused on death

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Holbein-death.png

Black Death Video Notes Black Death Video Notes – 3-5 Facts/box– 3-5 Facts/box

Causes (Fact and Theory)

Spread

Symptoms Results

 "Realizing what a deadly disaster had come to them the people quickly drove the Italians from their city. However, the disease remained, and soon death was every where. Fathers abandoned their sick sons. Lawyers refused to come and make out wills for the dying. Friars and nuns were left to care for the sick, and monasteries and convents were soon deserted, as they were stricken, too. Bodies were left in empty houses, and there was no one to give them a Christian burial."

 "How many valiant men, how many fair ladies, breakfast with their kinfolk and the same night supped with their ancestors in the next world! The condition of the people was pitiable to behold. They sickened by the thousands daily, and died unattended and without help. Many died in the open street, others dying in their houses, made it known by the stench of their rotting bodies. Consecrated churchyards did not suffice for the burial of the vast multitude of bodies, which were heaped by the hundreds in vast trenches, like goods in a ships hold and covered with a little earth."