World Geography 7Mrs. Wethington

Out of Office

Staying Out of Alarm

Tips and Tricks for Taking Notes and

Assessments

Discuss conflicts in Southwest Asia and

the upcoming QUIZ

Study tips

Note taking tricks

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Where Do People Live?

• SW Asia is most densely populated along the coasts

– Higher rainfall permits fertile land for farming

– Ports give access to trade

• North has high population density due to larger and more reliable water supplies

– Turkey and Iran

– River Valleys of Iraq

– Mediterranean coast in Syria, Lebanon, & Israel

• Yemeni Highlands receive rain than deserts to the north & very high birth rates

• Persian Gulf and Arabian Peninsula have many jobs available in the oil industry

• Areas with semi-arid climates have little rainfall and make farming difficult

Faith

• Cyprus is mainly Christian

• Israel is mainly Jewish

• Most in SW Asia are Muslim– Sunni (follow 5 Pillars of Islam)

• Most tolerant of modern culture

• Wahhabism - branch of fundamentalists who take the Quran literally (word for word); most influential in Saudi Arabia

– Shia (follow 5 Pillars of Islam)• Live mainly in Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon

– Ibadi

Arabs

• Largest ethnic group in SW Asia

– Majority in every country except Turkey, Iran, Cyprus, and Israel

• Kurds are second largest group in region

• Turks are largest ethnic group in Turkey

• Persians are largest group in Iran

• Jewish Israelis are largest group in Israel

• Oil rich countries have high #s of people from outside the region like Africa

• Qatar and UAE (United Arab Emirates) have majority of foreigners from Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Bangladesh, and the Philippines

People

• Cyprus is mainly Christian

• Israel is mainly Jewish

• Most in SW Asia are Muslim (practice Islam)– Sunni (follow 5 Pillars of Islam)

• Most tolerant of modern culture

• Wahhabism - branch of fundamentalists who take the Quran literally; influential in Saudi Arabia

– Shia (follow 5 Pillars of Islam)• Live mainly in Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon

– Ibadi

Cultural Diffusion

• Western culture brought modern technologies; TV, computers, etc.

• Christians, Jews, and moderate Muslims embraced modern ideas

• Conservative Muslims see modern practices as a threat to their faith

Income from oil changed society when people met Westerners in the business.

Status of Women

• Sharia law: Islamic law code with strict laws based on tradition that women must follow

• Traditionally women must obey men

• Saudi Arabia

– Women cannot travel w/out permission of father, husband, etc.

– Expected to cover their hair and sometimes faces

• Wear hijabs or veils

– Unrelated men and women cannot interact

– Cannot ride bicycles or drive cars

– Cannot pursue same careers as men

• Women in Israel enjoy full rights; serve in the military, serve as prime minister, work in executive positions, etc.

• The Fertile Crescent support most of the population due to farming

• Turkey & northern and western Iran have more people due to moist climates

• Technology has brought irrigation, clean drinking water, and helped with pollution

• SW Asian countries are rich in oil and natural gas esp. around the Persian Gulf

• Saudi Arabia nationalized oil industry in mid-1900s

• Iran, Saudi Arabia, and other oil-rich states are mixed economies, more to command

• Lebanon, Israel, and others are mixed economies, closer to market

• Some small tribal groups live in remote parts of the region

• Lack of investment in human capital through education is a challenge– Literacy rates are low– Standards of living are low– Israel has HIGH standard of living because

they invest in education

• SW Asian countries specialize and trade in oil, technology, good, etc.

Saudi Arabia• Mixed economy (more command)• Heavy government control• 20% of world’s oil reserves• Was a poor desert region prior to oil industry• High standard of living

Turkey

• Diverse economy of agriculture (fruits, nuts, vegetables), industry (textiles, steel, shipbuilding, defense), & services

• Market-oriented due to privately owned businesses

• Low literacy rates/incomes due to weak educational system

Israel• Mixed economy (more market)

• Does NOT export oil so relies heavily on trade

• Most employment in service sector, industrial sector, and high-tech business

• High value on education causing highly literate, skilled workers.

Democracies• Lebanon

– Leaders chosen based on religion not by vote

• Turkey– Flawed democracy (President passed laws limiting freedoms

of the press & civil right; put political opponents in jail)– Cyprus

Monarchies• Absolute: the king has ultimate control

– Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Oman, and UAE

• Constitutional: citizens elect representatives to parliament

– Jordan, Kuwait, and Bahrain

Dictatorships• Iraq

– Saddam Hussein lost power

• Syria

– Bashar al-Assad’s rule challenged by civil war

Theocracies (govt. run by religious power)• Syria, Yemen, and Iran

Israel, the West Bank, and Gaza• 1967 - Israel takes control of West Bank and Gaza during Arab-Israeli

War– Both Jews and Palestinian Arabs see the region as their homeland & want it back

• 1973 – Egypt and Syria attack Israel on Yom Kippur; Israel wins

• 1980s – the 1st Intifada (attacks by Palestinian Arabs against Israeli citizens)

• 1993 – Israel signs agreements with the PLO (Palestinian Liberation Organization) called the Oslo Accords

– Palestinian National Authority to rule parts of West Bank and Gaza

– PLO recognizes Israel’s right to exist

• 2000 – Oslo Accords fail/Palestinians launch 2nd Intifada

• 2005 – Israel withdraws from Gaza and Hamas (Palestinian group vocal about eliminating State of Israel) takes over parliament

• 2006 – Israel attacks Hezbollah (Lebanese Shia group) for launching rockets into Northern Israel

• 2007 – Hamas shoots rockets into Israel killing Israeli citizens

• 2008/9 – Israel sends troops to kill or capture Hamas fighters

• 2010s – Israel expands settlements on West Bank land; other nations protest

• 2014 – Rockets again fired into Israel from Gaza and Israel sends in troops to eliminate threat

Syria• 2011 – Syrians demonstrated against authoritarian government in

Arab Spring

• 2012 - Assad govt. uses chemical weapons again civilians with support from Iran and Russia

• 2013 – UN removes Syria’s chemical weapons

• 2014 – ISIS launched attack on both pro-Assad govt. forces and anti-Assad rebels Syria

• 2017 – govt. struck the people again with chemical weapons

Yemen• 1990 – Country unites but two regions still want separation

• 2011 – Arab Spring protestors remove president from office

• 2012 – former VP becomes president and tries to gain unity

• 2014 – Houthis (Iranian backed rebels) take control & install their own govt.

• 2015 – ISIS enters Yemen and take control of parts; Saudi-led forces launch air strikes against rebel territory; Yemen becomes failed state

Iraq• Saddam Hussein removed from power in 2003

• Shia and Sunni fought for control of land near Baghdad

• Arabs fought against Iraqi Kurds in the north

• ISIS arose, took Mosul, & continues to spread terror