Hanoverian and Windsor monarchies

The Royal Marriage Act of 1772 That no descendant of the body of his late majesty King George the Second, male or female, (other than the issue of princesses who have married, or may hereafter marry, into foreign families) shall be capable of contracting matrimony without the previous consent of his Majesty, his heirs, or successors, signified under the great seal, and declared in council that every marriage, or matrimonial contract, of any such descendant, without such consent first had and obtained, shall be null and void, to all intents and purposes whatsoever.

George III ruled for 60 years

1760-1820

Prince of Wales marries Mrs. Maria Fitzherbert

A young and beautiful widow with a jointure of 2000 a year, she took up her abode in 1782 at Richmond, Surrey, having at the same time a house in town. In or about 1784 happened her first meeting with George, Prince of Wales, then about twenty-two years of age, she about six years older. He straightway fell in love with her. Marriage with her princely suitor being legally impossible, Mrs. Fitzherbert turned a deaf ear to the prince's solicitations, to get rid of which she withdrew to the Continent. However, on receipt of an honourable offer from the prince, she returned after a while to England, and they were privily married in her own London drawing-room and before two witnesses, 15 Dec., 1785, the officiating minister being an Anglican curate.

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they continued to live together on a matrimonial footing until 1794, when, being about to contract a forced legal marriage with his cousin, Caroline of Brunswick, the prince very reluctantly cast Mrs. Fitzherbert off, at the same time continuing the pension of 3000 a year, which he had allowed her ever since their marriage. Shortly after the birth of Princess Charlotte in 1796, the prince, who hated the Princess of Wales, separated from her and besought the forsaken Mrs. Fitzherbert to return to him. This, after consultation with Rome, she at length did in 1800, and remained with him some nine years more, when they virtually parted. At last, in 1811, because of a crowning affront put upon her on occasion of a magnificent fte given at Carlton House by the prince, lately made regent, at which entertainment no fixed place at the royal table had been assigned her, she broke off connexion with the prince for ever; withdrawing into private life upon an annuity of 6000. Her husband, as King George IV, died in 1830, with a locket containing her miniature round his neck, and was so buried. Mrs. Fitzherbert survived him seven years, dying at the age of eighty, at Brighton, where she was buried in the Catholic church of St. John the Baptist, to the erection of which she had largely contributed, and wherein a mural monument to her memory is still to be seen.

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Brighton, dtails de la salle manger

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La Duchesse de Kent et sa fille en 1824

Portrait de la princesse Victoria ge de 11 ans, par son prof de dessein

William IV renvoie sa matresse et pouse Adelade de Saxe Meinginen

malgr 2 filles lgitimes) pour le trne Comme Amiral, il permet aux officiers de marine de boire sa sant ASSIS!

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Speech ready by Queen Victoria in Council on the day of her accession, 20 June 1837. The severe and afflicting loss, which the Nation has sustained by the death of his Majesty, my beloved Uncle has devolved upon me the duty of administering the Government of this empire. This awful responsibility is imposed upon me so suddenly and at so early a period of my Life, that I should feel myself utterly oppressed by the burthen [burden], were I not sustained by the hope, that Divine Providence, which has called me to this work, will give me strength for the performance of it, and that I shall find in the purity of my Intentions and in my zeal for the public welfare that support & those resources, which usually belong to a more mature age and to longer experience. I place my firm reliance upon the wisdom of Parliament and upon the loyalty and affection of my People. I esteem it also a peculiar advantage, that I succeed to a Sovereign whose constant regard for the rights and Liberties of his Subjects & whose desire to promote the amelioration of the Laws and Institutions of the Country have rendered his name the object of general attachment and veneration. Educated in England under the tender and enlightened care of a most affectionate Mother I have learned from my Infancy to respect and love the Constitution of my native Country. It will be my unceasing study to maintain the reformed Religion as by Law established securing at the same time to all the full enjoyment of religious liberty, and I shall steadily protect the rights and promote to the utmost of my Power the happiness and welfare of all Classes of my Subjects.

Kensington Palace June 7th 1836 My dearest Uncle, These few lines will be given to you by my dear Uncle Ernest, when he sees you. I must thank you, my beloved Uncle, for the prospect of great happiness, you have contributed to give me, in the person of dear Albert. Allow me, then, my dearest Uncle, to tell you how delighted I am with him, and how much I like him in every way. He possesses every quality, that could be desired to render me perfectly happy. He is so sensible, so kind , and so good, and so amiable too. He has besides, the most pleasing and delightful exterior and appearance, you can possibly see. I have only now to beg you, my dearest Uncle, to take care of the health of one, now so dear to me, and to take him under your special protection. I hope and trust, that all will go on prosperously and well, on this subject of so much importance to me. Believe me always, my dearest Uncle, your most affectionate devoted & grateful niece Victoria.

Le mariage de Victoria et Albert, par Sir George Hayter, 10 February 1840

La Reine Victoria fait des esquisses de sa vie domestique

Le bain pour la princese Pussy

1845 avec la princesse Victoria

Les 9 enfants royaux

Victoria, Princess Royal (born 1840); Albert Edward, Prince of Wales (born 1841); Alice (born 1843); Alfred (born 1844); Helena (born 1846); Louise (born 1848); Arthur (born 1850); Leopold (born 1853) and Beatrice (born 1857).

In 1877 Queen Victoria was proclaimed Empress of India

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Imperial Crown of India

Ouverture du Parlement en 1880

House of Lords, the Woolsack where the Lord Chancellor sits

Bague de la reine consort

Le sceptre, avec le plus grand diamant

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Petite couronne en diamants, cre pour la Reine Victoria en 1870

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Painting by Queen Victoria

1854

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her relationship with a Scottish servant, John Brown (played by Billy Connolly), and the subsequent uproar it provoked. Brown had been a trusted servant of Victoria's then deceased and beloved Prince Consort, Prince Albert; Victoria's chief servants thought Brown might help to ease an inconsolable Queen since the Prince Consort's death in 1861. In 1863, hoping to subtly coax the Queen toward resuming public life after years of seclusion,

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Osbourne House, Isle of Wight, designed by Prince Albert

La Reine et son domestique hindoue, Abdul Karim Balmoral, c. 1890.

Charge of the 21st Lancers at Omdurman, 1898

1898 at Osbourne House

Or the Rhodes colosseus

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Jubil de diamant de la Reine Victoria

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Edward was related to nearly every other European monarch and came to be known as the "uncle of Europe". The German Emperor Wilhelm II, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, Grand Duke Ernest Louis of Hesse, Duke Charles Edward of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, and Duke Ernst August of Brunswick were Edward's nephews; Queen Victoria Eugenia of Spain, Crown Princess Margaret of Sweden, Crown Princess Marie of Romania, Crown Princess Sophia of Greece, Empress Alexandra of Russia, Grand Duchess Alexandra of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, and Duchess Charlotte of Saxe-Meiningen were his nieces; Haakon VII of Norway was both his nephew by marriage and his son-in-law; George I of Greece and Frederick VIII of Denmark were his brothers-in-law; Albert I of Belgium, Charles I and Manuel II of Portugal, and Tsar Ferdinand of Bulgaria were his second cousins. Edward doted on his grandchildren, and indulged them, to the consternation of their governesses.[72] However, there was one relation whom Edward did not like and his difficult relationship with his nephew, Wilhelm II, exacerbated the tensions between Germany and Britain

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4 gnrations de souverains en 1899

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Cousins Willy and Nicky

(German and Russian Emperors)

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Prince John, souffre

en 1905-1919

Lalla Bill telephoned from Wood Farm, Wolferton, that our poor darling Johnnie had died suddenly after one of his attacks. The news gave me a great shock, though for the little boy's restless soul, death came as a great release. I brought the news to George & we motored down to Wood Farm. Found poor Lalla very resigned but heartbroken. Little

him it is a great release as his malady was becoming worse as he grew older and he has thus been spared much suffering. I cannot say how grateful we feel to God for having taken him in such a peaceful way, he just slept

the poor little troubled spirit, which had been a great anxiety for us for many years ever since he was four

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Edward VII, le futur roi George V, les futurs rois Edward VIII et George VI

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La Reine Mary et sa fille Mary pendant la premire Guerre

mondiale

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At a meeting of the Privy Council on 17 July 1917, George V declared that 'all descendants in the male line of Queen Victoria, who are subjects of these realms, other than female descendants who marry or who have married, shall bear the name of Windsor'.

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1919

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The Royal Family name of Windsor was confirmed by The Queen after her accession in 1952. However, in 1960, The Queen and The Duke of Edinburgh decided that they would like their own direct descendants to be distinguished from the rest of the Royal Family (without changing the name of the Royal House), as Windsor is the surname used by all the male and unmarried female descendants of George V.

It was therefore declared in the Privy Council that The Queen's descendants, other than those with the style of Royal Highness and the title of Prince/Princess, or female descendants who marry, would carry the name of Mountbatten-Windsor. This reflected Prince Philip's surname. In 1947, when Prince Philip of Greece became naturalised, he assumed the name of Philip Mountbatten as a Lieutenant in the Royal Navy. The effect of the declaration was that all The Queen's children, on occasions when they needed a surname, would have the surname Mountbatten-Windsor. For the most part, members of the Royal Family who are entitled to the style and dignity of HRH Prince or Princess do not need a surname, but if at any time any of them do need a surname (such as upon marriage), that surname is Mountbatten-Windsor.

The surname Mountbatten-Windsor first appeared on an official document on 14 November 1973, in the marriage register at Westminster Abbey for the marriage of Princess Anne and Captain Mark Phillips.

the Honourable Elizabeth Angela Marguerite Bowes Lyon, and her brother

1915

3 mai 1923

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Mars 1944

Buckingham Palace bombed

Royal Troop Artillery dans Hyde Park

Partie Princesse, elle revient Reine, le cabinet de W. Churchill

They had a code at Sandringham which was 'Hyde Park Corner'. The private secretary in Sandringham rung Buckingham Palace and got the private secretary there. He would have said 'Hyde Park Corner' which meant that the King had died.

"That was his cue to go and see Queen Mary, and then Churchill to inform them of the news. All these people had to be told before it could be officially announced.

When a King or Queen dies, the Accession Council meets in St James's Palace to announce a formal proclamation of the new monarch The new monarch must take a religious oath, known as the accession declaration In 1952, the Privy Councillors in attendance wore scarlet and gold medieval costumes

Trois reines en deuil,

pouse, mre et fille

Aprs avoir jur, elle accde au trne

Les deux pouses de Charles

Dans notre mariage il y avait 3 personnes, dit Diana la BBC

Est-que tout le monde est tout

fait sr que Mummy est morte?

Demande le prince Harry