INDEX

Chemotherapy Drug action and drug resistance Amphotericin B 123, 124 Antimony 120-l22 Miltefosine 122, 123 Pentamidine 124, 125

Drug therapy and immune modulation 140, 157

Drug therapy and PKLD 140 Mucosal leishmaniasis 120 Treatment issues 115-118 Treatment failure and IL-lO 138 Visceral leishmaniasis 118, 119

Epidemiology Control programs 8,9 Ecology of New World species 13-27 Effect of human actions on ecology 12,13 Geographical distribution 6,7 Occult infections 27

Host genetics NrampllS1cllal 138, 139 TNF genes and mucosal disease 162

Immune response to cutaneous infection Immune regulation Interleukin IL-lO 157, 159-162 TGF~ 153, 156-162 Interleukin IL-12 152-157, 159 Role of costimulation 153-155 Role ofCD4+ T cells 151-157 Role of CD8+ T cells 155, 156, 159, 160 TNFa 152,161-162

Response to L. amazonensis 155, 157, 158 Response to L. major Nitric oxide production 152,160 Response to L. mexicana 157,158 Response to L. pifanoi 158 T cell subsets and human infection 159, 161, 162 T cell subsets and murine infection 151-158

Immune response to visceral infection Chemokines and resistance 142 Interleukin IL-I0 138, 140, 142, 143, 145 Interleukin IL-12 138, 14, 144 TGF~ 140, 143, 145 Role ofCTLA-4 143, 145 Role ofCD4+ T cells 140, 142, 144, 145 Role of CD8+ T cells 142, 143 TNFa 152,161-162 Immunopathology 40, 41 Th2 cells and human infection 138 Hamster model 145, 146

Leishmania Classification 2 Life cycle 4 Tissue distribution and disease 4, 5

Leishmania amazonensis 3, 14, 15, 16,19,20,35,89,92,96,97, 98

Leishmania aethiopica 3, 7, 34, 119, 136

192 Leishmania arabica 3

Leishmania archibaldi 3

Leishmania aristidesi 3, 20

Leishmania braziliensis 3, 5, 7,14-16,21,22,35,46,49,50, 54,89,155,157,158,160

Leishmaniachagasi 3,14-17,35, 46,50,64, 115, 13~ 139, 141, 143,171

Leishmania colombiensis 14,35

Leishmania deanei 3, 14,26

Leishmania donovani 3-6, 17, 34, 38,45,46,49,62-66, 75, 77, 79, 80,82,89,91,92,98,104,106, 107,115,116,120-124,137,138, 140, 141, 143-145, 155

Leishmania. enriettii 3, 14,25, 76,77,84

Leishmania. gerbilli 3

Leishmania guyanensis 2,3,7, 14-16, 35 159

Leishmania. hertigi 3, 15,26

Leishmania infantum 2-6, 14-17, 34,35,38,39,45-50,52,54,115, 121,137, 140

Leishmania killicki 3

Leishmania iainsoni 14

Leishmania major 3,5, 7, 14, 15, 21,34,38,49,61-68,82,89-92,

96,98,140, 144, 149-159, 169, 171-181

Leishmania mexicana 3, 7, 14-19, 2~35,4~64,76,83, 117, 119, 143,157,158,171,172

Leishmania. naiffi 3, 14, 15,25, 35

Leishmania panamensis 2,3,5, 7, 14, 15, 19,22-24,27,35,63, 136, 159

Leishmania peruviana 3, 4, 7, 16, 22,23,35,46,49

Leishmania tropica 3, 4, 6, 7, 34, 38,49,63,64,116,117,119, 123, 158

Leishmania. turanica 2, 3, 7

Leishmania surface receptors GP63 61,63, 89,90, 92-94, 123, 171,172 GP63 expression by promastigotes 63 GP63 in sand fly midgut infection 64,65 Lipophosphoglycan 61-66, 90, 92,96,104 LPG interaction with sand fly midgut 65,66 Role in LPG in metacyclogenesis 66,67 Structure of LPG 62, 65

Macrophage and infection Complement and complement receptor 87-93, 97, 106 Fc receptor 95,96, 158, 160 Expression of Class II 106 IL-12 production 98, 105

Macrophage activation by imidazoquinolines 108 Macrophage gene expression 106, 107 Macrophage viability 106, 107 Phagolysosome 104

Membrane transporters Biopterin transporter 80, 81 GDP-mannose transporter 79, 80

GDP-mannose association with LPG 79,80

Glucose transporters 76-79, 84 Mode of activity 77, 78 Structure 77

Myo-inositol transporter79 Nucleoside transporter 81-83

Vaccination L. amazonensis 172, 178 L. chagasi 171 L. majorl69, 171-183 L. mexicana 171-172

Vaccine adjuvants 175-179 IL-12 171, 175-177, 179-183

Vaccine antigens LACK 173, 175, 176, 180 LeIF 174,178 LMSTlI 178, 180-183 TSA 178,180-183

193

Vaccination with DNA 173-179

Vector Control 37-39 Infection in sand flies Parasite transmission 66-68 Promastigotes and the sand fly bloodmeal 61-66 Sand fly chitinase 60 Sand fly life cycle 36, 37 Sand fly colonies 40 Sand fly saliva 67, 68 Sand fly taxonomy 33-35 Vector specificity 63