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3/1/2018
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Workplace Violence PreventionWebinar
3-1-18
THOMAS ESS
ASSOCIATE VICE PRESIDENT RESIDENTIAL SERVICES
EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS COORDINATOR
Introduction
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Sources of Workplace Violence
Violence by a stranger or visitor.
Domestic Violence involving an employee that manifests at the work place.
Violence between employees
Behavior exhibited by individuals receiving supports and services towards an employee providing care.
OSHA
OSHA does not have a Workplace Violence Standard
However…The General Duty Clause, Section 5(a)(1) of the Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970, states a workplace must be
“free from recognized hazards that are causing or are likely to cause death or serious harm.“
The courts have interpreted OSHA's general duty clause to mean that an employer has a legal obligation.
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OSHA: Patient, Client and Setting-Related Risk FactorsHealthcare and Social Services Field
Working directly with people who have a history of violence, abuse drugs or alcohol, gang members, and relatives of patients or clients
Transporting patients and clients
Working alone in a facility or in patients’ homes
Poor environmental design of the workplace that may block employees’ vision or interfere with their escape from a violent incident
OSHA: Patient, Client and Setting-Related Risk FactorsHealthcare and Social Services Field
Poorly lit corridors, rooms, parking lots and other areas
Lack of means of emergency communication
Prevalence of firearms, knives and other weapons among patients and their families and friends; and
Working in neighborhoods with high crime rates.
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OSHA: Organizational Risk Factors
Lack of facility policies and staff training for recognizing and managing escalating hostile and assaultive behaviors from patients, clients, visitors, or staff
Working when understaffed—especially during mealtimes and visiting hours
High worker turnover
Inadequate security and mental health personnel on site
OSHA: Organizational Risk Factors
Unrestricted movement of the public
Perception that violence is tolerated and victims will not be able to report the incident to police and/or press charges.**
**The Fundamental shift for the human Services field: We can no longer accept service recipient only protection, employees must be considered.
Examples
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OSHA: Basic Tenants
Management commitment and employee participation
Worksite analysis and Hazard Identification
Hazard prevention and control
Safety and health training
Recordkeeping and program evaluation
Considerations
Develop a robust Workplace Violence Prevention Program
• Establish go to staff (Champions Model)
• Training standards for staff.
• Recordkeeping of occurrences
• Monitoring/Data Analysis of all occurrences
• Trending of all occurrences
• Engage stakeholders in recommendations for preventative measures
• Health and Safety Committee
• Mechanism for anonymous reporting by employees
• Open door philosophy
• Relationship with Law Enforcement
• Program Evaluation
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Considerations
Develop a robust Workplace Violence Policy and Procedures
• Access control
• Employee Identification
• Physical plant evaluation
• Risk specific training
• Community safety
• Reception safety
• Active Shooter / Violent Intruder Policy
The Facts
The agreed-upon definition of an “active shooter” by US government agencies (including the White House, US Department of Justice, FBI, US Department of Education, US Department of Homeland Security, and Federal Emergency Management Agency) is “an individual actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a confined and populated area.” In most cases, active shooters use firearms and there is no pattern or method to their selection of victims.
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The Facts: FBI Analysis 2000-2016
The Facts: FBI Analysis 2000-2016
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The Facts: FBI Analysis 2000-2016
The Facts: FBI Analysis 2000-2016
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The Facts
FBI Study of Active Shooter Incidents in the U.S. 2013
• 99% involved 1 shooter
• 69% of all incident ended in 5 minutes or less.
• Predominantly perpetrated by White Males 16-60 years of age.
ALICE
Citizen Response to a Violent Intruder
Alert Lockdown Inform Counter Evacuate
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ALICE
Why is Citizen Preparation Necessary?
25 Years of mass shooting events have
yielded a national average for Law
Enforcement response to the scene
Arrival 5-6 Minutes
ALICE
Citizen preparation for danger is nothing new. Where do we first learn what to do when….
• There is a fire ? • There is a stranger? • There is an active shooter/violent
intruder ?
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ALICE
Humans Beings Three
Natural Responses
Fight Flight FreezeWhich is
preferred?
ALICE
Columbine High School, April 20, 1999
Lessons Learned: There were many but the primary
one is often missed
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Columbine High School 911 Call
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WHAT IF THEY HAD EVACAUTED INSTEAD?
The Lesson from Virginian Tech
Room 210
No Class
Stayed Down
Room 206 14 Present
10-Killed 2- Wounded
Jumped and Barricaded Room 204 19 Present
2-Killed 3-Wounded
Room 200
No Class
Offices
Stayed Down
Room 211 19 Present
12-Killed 6- Wounded
Barricaded After 1st time Room 207 13 Present
5-Killed 6-Wounded
Barricaded
Room 205 12 Present
0-Killed 0-Wounded
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The Lesson from Virginian Tech
Fatalities
28 vs. 2
Passive vs. Proactive
ALICE
Common Sense, just not Common Knowledge
Alert
Lockdown
Inform
Counter
Evacuate
ALICE is NOT linear, progressive response
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ALERT
ALERT
Information is the key to good decisions
Information should flow in all directions
Provide as much initial intel as possible to as many people as possible.
Use any and all available means: Texts, PA through Phones, web, twitter, Facebook etc.
May be your sensory inputs (don’t ignore your gut)
ALERT
GUNMAN IN THE FRONT LOBBY NEAR FRANKS OFFICE ALICE ALICE ALICE
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LOCKDOWN
Excellent Starting Point
When should doors be locked?
Locked doors are a time barrier. Locks can, and have been defeated
BARRICADE – The idea is to create a stronghold than nobody can breach… BE A HARDER TARGET!
Once Lockdown is in effect no one should be allowed into a secure room under any circumstances. Only open the locked door for uniformed police personnel.
Enhanced Lockdown
LOCKDOWN
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LOCKDOWN
INFORM
Real-time information should be provided to all by all means possible.
Use the information to make a single of collective decision as to the best option for survival.
Be flexible because the situations will be dynamic and can change quickly.
Information (especially your senses) can you your greatest ally.
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EVACUATE
The preferred method !
Only 1% of Violent Intruder events have been more than one person.
Do not use car to evacuation
RALLY POINT
COUNTER
Is it possible to interrupt the skill set needed to shoot accurately?
Skill Level
Active Shooter Police
Low High
Police: 20-30% Active Shooter 50%+
Hit Rate
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COUNTER
You can survive contact with an armed intruder!!
Police miss 70-80% of their shots in a dynamic environment
The “bad guy” is not usually a highly skilled shooter
Engage in acts that will create a dynamic environment
Noise
Distance
Distraction
Clean or Clutters there is plenty to Counter
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ALICE
Resolution Number of Incidents
Percentage
Applied Force (Citizen/Police) 93 46%
No Applied Force 28 14%
Suicide/Attempted Suicide 80 40%
Attacker Fled 1 <1%
Total 202 100%
SOURCE: NYPD Active Shooter Recommendations and Analysis of Risk Mitigation 2011
ALICE
SINCE 1966 by Casualties Category
•Police Resolution: 1300
•Shooter Resolution: 500
•Victim Resolution: 275
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Usual Opponent Concerns
There could be more than one shooter
They could run into the shooter
How will we account for people?
Who will be liable ?
Rally Point could be a secondary attack location.
Evacuating people will get in the way of Police
How will the police distinguish friendlies from the shooter if you get the gun away?
Counter Strategies are ridiculous.
The Facts
Where is your greater risk ?
2000-2016 fatalities by event type
• Active Shooter : 661 (FBI Study)
• Natural Disaster : 9,690 (NWS)
• Fire: 55,557 (U.S. Fire Administration)
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Implementation Challenges
Who should be trained?
How does this meet the needs of our individuals?
Cost
Things to consider
• Rally Point Identification
• Use of Fire Alarms
• Reunification
• Mass Notification
• Communication Plan
• Incident Command
• Department of Homeland Security: Run Hide Fight
Workplace Violence PreventionWebinar
3-1-18
ANY QUESTIONS? Contact Information
E-mail [email protected] 716-817-3208Cell 716-866-1728
Sources: ALICE Training Institutehttps://www.alicetraining.com/ OSHA Workplace Violence Prevention Guide 2016 osha.govhttps://www.osha.gov/Publications/osha3148.pdf FBI 2000-2016 Analysis of Active Shooters fbi.govhttps://www.fbi.gov/about/partnerships/office-of-partner-engagement/active-shooter-incidents-graphics FBI:A Study of Active Shooter Incidents in the United States 2000-2013https://www.fbi.gov/file-repository/active-shooter-study-2000-2013-1.pdfNYPD : Active Shooter Recommendations and Analysis for Risk Mitigationwww.nypdshield.org/public/SiteFiles/documents/Activeshooter.pdfNational Weather Service Fatalities Statistics http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/hazstats.shtmlUS Fire Administration https://www.usfa.fema.gov/data/statistics/
