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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profile of the Frontline
Health and Health Care Workforce
November 2006
HEALTH WORKFORCE SOLUTIONS LLC
copy 2006 the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
Report prepared by
Health Workforce Solutions LLC
San Francisco California
wwwhealthwscom
Jennifer Schindel PhD
Principal Investigator
David Cherner MBA MPH
Project Director
Edward OrsquoNeil MPA PhD FAAN
Project Advisor
Kim Solomon MBA MPH
Project Advisor
Brian Iammartino MPP
Project Analyst
Janine Santimauro MPP MPH
Project Analyst
The fi ndings and views contained in this report do not necessarily refl ect those of
the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profile of the Frontline
Health and Health Care Workforce
November 2006
HEALTH WORKFORCE SOLUTIONS LLC
Contents
Introduction 1
Overview of Methodology 3
How to Use the Chartbook 5
Overview of the FrontlineHealth and Health Care Workforce 11
Occupational Variation Across theFrontline Health and Health Care Workforce17
Occupational Profi les 27
Conclusion 129
Appendix A Extended Methodology and Data Availability 133
Appendix B TablesmdashOccupational Profi les State by State Data 137
Appendix C Bibliography 235
The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) is dedicated to improving the health and health care of all Americans Historically the Foundationrsquos workforce initiatives have targeted primarily prominent and professionalized occupations such as physicians registered nurses and health care executives These professions are critical highly visible components of the United States health care system they provide vital contributions to the public their patients key constituents and the organizations they represent However a signifi cant number of public health and health care workersmdashreferred to here as the frontline workforcemdashalso deliver vital care and services but are often underrepresented in current research and outreach initiatives within the health and health care system This frontline workforce is a diverse group of professionals and paraprofessionals who provide a range of direct patient care and client services The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation believes this fast-growing segment of the health and health care workforce a group that plays a critical role in ensuring delivery of high-quality care and services warrants further research and outreach
This frontline workforce is growing rapidly collectively it is growing faster (326) than the growth rate of all health and health care occupations (283) and signifi cantly faster than the growth rate for all occupations (148) in the United States workforce (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment Statistics 2003) Although we know the frontline workforce will continue to play a critically important role within public health and the health care delivery system little has been known about who these workers are and what employment issues and needs they face This chartbook attempts to fi ll this research gap by providing information about frontline occupations on both national and state levels Frontline workers are diverse in terms of the patient care services they provide the settings in which they work and their particular employment outlook but they do share some common characteristics
bull Frontline workersrsquo wage earnings are generally lower than in other health care occupations most earn annual wages of $40000 or less
bull Most frontline occupations require educational training at a bachelorrsquos degree or below or simply on-the-job training
bull Workers often do not have clear career ladders or mechanisms to enhance their occupational role
In total the frontline workforce occupations selected for this chartbook represent more than 6 million workers employed in 2002 (based on data reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics) which represents just over half of the total health and health care workforce Not all occupations document comprehensive demographic information however existing data do indicate that 80 percent of frontline workers in the occupations included in this study are female and 32 percent are African American or Hispanic These demographics are in sharp contrast with many other health professions in which workers are predominantly white and male
Introduction
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 1
Although some frontline occupations have voluntary member associations connections with accrediting bodies or related organizational affi liations no comprehensive resource has provided consistent data on the occupational outlook for this workforce This chartbook offers a synthesis of the core data available across these occupations including occupational growth outlook per capita employment demographic information and wage outlook and trends These data will serve as a resource for workforce policy-makers and analysts occupational associations employers foundations and researchers by profi ling the frontline workforce as a whole the variability across frontline occupations and the employment outlook for each occupation as it varies across states
The frontline workforce will become an increasingly important part of the United States health and health care system as the population ages Changes in disease advances in technology and increases in consumer demand and costs will affect the entire health care system but many frontline employers and workers will have fewer resources available to respond to those challenges As our nationrsquos health care needs increase it is essential to the nationrsquos health that policies be developed to ensure that a sustainable frontline workforce is available to deliver the highest quality of care and services
Intro
ductio
n
2 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
This chartbook provides comprehensive employment data on frontline health and health care workforce occupations The data offer a profi le of the frontline workforce at the national level as well as a more nuanced description of the ways in which the frontline occupational outlook varies across states and regions The researchers gathered the core occupational data presented here from federal sources such as the Bureau of Labor Statistics and from state sources such as state labor market information databases
Defi ning the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Thirty-two occupational categories comprise the frontline health and health care workforce profi led in this chartbook1 These occupational categories are defi ned by the Bureau of Labor Statistics 2000 Standard Occupational Classifi cation (SOC) which the researchers used to obtain the most standardized and consistent data available for this workforce To delineate which occupations make up the frontline workforce the researchers targeted occupations with the following general characteristics
bull a high level of direct patient care or care delivery support services
bull median annual wages of approximately $40000 or less and
bull required educational training of a bachelorrsquos degree or below
Collectively the frontline workforce refl ects these general characteristics However as discussed in more detail in the Appendix a few occupational categories that do not precisely fi t these criteria are included in the frontline workforce because they generally represent the health and health care occupations warranting further research and attention
Data Collection and Analysis
The researchers used both federal and state resources to gather core occupational data Because state labor market information resources use the federal Bureau of Labor Statistics Standard Occupational Classifi cation parallel gathering processes produced consistent and comparable state and national occupational data Core data on this workforce include2
bull 2002ndash2012 national and state employment and projections
mdash growth rate
mdash percentage of annual job openings due to replacement needs and
mdash per capita occupational employment
Overview of Methodology
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 3
1 An extensive discussion of the process of defi ning this workforce can be found in the Extended Methodology section in the Appendix
2 For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
bull 2004 national and state wage outlook and trends
mdash average occupational wage
mdash percentile range of wage earnings and
mdash national and state wage gain trends
bull demographics (national data) and
bull educational training levels (national data)
The core data were analyzed organized and presented to provide (1) a view of the frontline workforce as a whole (2) occupational variations across the workforce and (3) in-depth occupational profi les that illuminate state variations in key information such as per capita employment occupational growth rates reported wage gains and other occupational trends In addition to the core data in the main portion of the chartbook a complete set of data tables are included in the Appendix which provides occupational data specifi c to each state
Ove
rview
of M
eth
odolo
gy
4 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Medical Records and Health Information Technicians
Physical Therapist Assistants
Physical Therapist Aides
Occupational Therapist Assistants
Dental Assistants
Personal and Home Care Aides
Respiratory Therapy Technicians
Cardiovascular Technologists and Techicians
Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers
Rehabilitation Counselors
Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics
Medical and Public Health Social Workers
Pharmacy Technicians
Surgical Technologists
Mental Health Counselors
Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants
Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors
Child Family and School Social Workers
Radiologic Technologists and Technicians
Medical Transcriptionists
Dietetic Technicians
Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses
Health Educators
Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians
Pharmacy Aides
Psychiatric Aides
All Frontline Occupations
Medical Assistants
Social and Human Services Assistants
Home Health Aides
Occupational Health and Safety Specialists
Recreational Therapists
Psychiatric Technicians
326
586
489
481
146
74
50
469
460
459
444
425
400
400
349
347
344
330
290
284
278
259
249
239
234
230
228
207
202
200
197
183
153
Growth Rate (in percent)
How to Use the Chartbook
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 5
Overview of the Frontline Workforce(page 11 to 15)
This section of the chartbook provides overview data on the total frontline workforce The data presented are aggregated across all 32 occupations to present a view of the employment and wage outlook for the frontline workforce as a whole Data presented include
bull Frontline workforce population relative to the total health and health care workforce
bull Employment projections
bull Regional distribution and outlook
bull Gender and racial distribution
bull Wage earningsMales
Females
21
79
Total health and health care workforce12080000
Frontline workforce6476000
Data ranked high to low
Top 3 entries are
Bottom 3 entries are
Occupational Variation Across the Frontline Workforce(page 17 to 26)
This section of the book provides data focusing on the variation across the 32 occupations Figures 10 and 11 in this section show the employment and wage outlook across these occupations ordered from high to low
MEAN ANNUAL
Nursing Aides Orderlies and AttendantsHome Health Aides
Personal and Home Care Aides
Occupational Health and Safety SpecialistsRadiologic Technologists and Technicians
Cardiovascular Technologists and TechniciansRespiratory Therapy Technicians
Surgical TechnologistsMedical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians
Medical Records and Health Information TechniciansEmergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics
Medical AssistantsPharmacy Technicians
Health EducatorsMedical and Public Health Social Workers
Social and Human Service Assistants
Mental Health CounselorsMental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers
Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder CounselorsPsychiatric Technicians
Psychiatric Aides
Occupational Therapist AssistantsChild Family and School Social Workers
Physical Therapist AssistantsLicensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses
Recreational TherapistsRehabilitation Counselors
Dental AssistantsMedical Transcriptionists
Dietetic TechniciansPhysical Therapist Aides
Pharmacy Aides
$21890
$19200
$17560
$54410
$45900
$40770
$37840
$35560
$32820
$28160
$27940
$25860
$25150
$43150
$42250
$26300
$36630
$36620
$35170
$28710
$23770
$38550
$38280
$38050
$35580
$34780
$30820
$29570
$29530
$25390
$23270
$20270
Long-term Care Roles
Allied Health Roles
Community and Public Health Roles
Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles
All Other Frontline Roles
lt$25900$26000ndash 30900
$31000ndash 40900
$41000ndash 50000+
OCCUPATIONAL ROLES
How
to U
se th
e C
hartb
ook
6 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Wage ranges
Summary occupational employment information
Supplemental data points
Per capita distribution by quartiles
Frontline occupational data point groupings
Occupational Profi les(page 27 to 128)
This third section provides occupational profi les for each of the 32 occupations in the frontline workforce
Page 1
The top of this page provides summary employment information for the occupation followed by a few additional data points The map of the United States on the bottom portion of the page presents the per capita distribution for this occupation across the country The per capita population is presented in quartiles with the legend showing the distribution for each quartile by color and the states shaded by the corresponding quartile color
A complete listing of each statersquos per capita distribution is located in the Appendix tables corresponding with each occupation
The second set of charts Figures 12 through 18 present comparison data of the average annual occupational wage relative to several other data points occupational roles demographics and education level along with other wage data points such as wage gain and wage range The purpose is to show where certain data points correlate with higher or lower wages
For example if one wanted to look at the wages for
occupations requiring a bachelorrsquos degree compared with wages of occupations requiring an associate degree the comparison is displayed on this chart
Allied Health Roles
Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians
Additional Findings
bull Cardiovascular technologists can deliver their services to patients in any medical setting that provides the necessary supervision of a doctor of medicine or osteopathy (American Medical Association 2005)
bull A vast majority of cardiovascular technologists and technicians work in medical and surgical hospitals while others work in offices of physicians and federal government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)
Projected Growth Annual Openings
2002 43000 2265 Average Annual Openings2012 58000
35 Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians
Percent of Annual Openings Due to
148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 642 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 358 Replacements
Figure 19 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
Per capita employment (per 100000)
1914ndash37901545ndash18941192ndash1505499ndash1178Data not available
(Median = 1545)
CA
AK
HI
NV
UT
AZ NM
CO
TX
OK
NE
KS
SD
ND
MN
IA
MO
AR
LAMS AL
TNNC
SC
VAKY
WI
MI
IL INOH
NH
ME
MARI
CTNJ
DEMDDC
NY
PA
WV
GA
FL
MT
ID
OR
WA
VT
WY
How
to U
se th
e C
hartb
ook
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 7
States with the highest and lowest replacement needs
2004 mean annual wage for all occupa-tions in given state
High
ArizonaUtahKansasNevadaArkansas
400
400
393
360
345
Low
South CarolinaLouisianaDistrict of ColumbiaMichiganNorth Dakota
89
85
82
76
48
Growth Rate
High
North DakotaWest VirginiaMichiganLouisianaDistrict of Columbia
857
800
771
750
739
Low
WisconsinCaliforniaArizonaKansasUtah
400
373
361
353
333
Replacement Need (in percent)
NV
UT
AZ
KS
ND
AR
LA
MI
DC
SC
CA UT
AZ
KS
ND
WI
LA
MI
DC
SC
States with the highest and lowest
growth rate
Wage gain percent in the given state
2004 mean annual occupational wage
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Highest Wage Gain
$38
880
$42
630
$31
740
$39
160
$47
450
$37
450
$34
880
$31
150
$34
300
$43
040
775 584 525 509 399
New Hampshire Arizona Oklahoma Nevada New Jersey
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Lowest Wage Gain
$34
110
$39
050
$34
650
$35
240
$36
750
Utah Delaware Vermont Wisconsin Hawaii
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
09 -52 -87 -138-26
$35
400
$32
910
$38
220
$37
930
$34
510
Page 3
This page presents the variation in wage outlook and average wage across states for the occupation The top chart highlights the fi ve states with the greatest wage gains from 2000ndash2004 and the chart below highlights the states with the lowest wage gains Additionally the average wage for the occupation in this state is presented next to the average wage for all occupations in that state
Here one can see the mean annual wage for the profi led occupation in the given state benchmarked next to the average wages across all occupations in that state providing insight into the economic context for the particular occupation in the given state
Page 2
This page presents data on the variation across states for the growth outlook and replacement needs for the occupation For both growth and replacement needs one can see the top and bottom fi ve states highlighted on the maps along with the corresponding percentage data on the left
Community and Public Health Roles
Health Educators
Additional Findings
bull The average age of the total public health workforce of which health educators are a key element is estimated at 47 indicating a looming retirement problem (Mahan and Malecki 2004)
bull The health educator occupational group is noted for persistent shortages and cited as a top priority within the public health infrastructure (Northwest Center for Public Health Practice University of Washington 2002)
bull Health educators work in a variety of settings including medical and surgical hospitals local government institutions individual and family services and state government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)
Projected Growth Annual Openings
2002 45000 1759 Average Annual Openings2012 54000
20 Health Educators Percent of Annual Openings Due to
148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 554 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 446 Replacements
Figure 49 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
Per capita employment (per 100000)
2048ndash66941482ndash20111041ndash14211414ndash1019Data not available
(Median = 1482)
CA
AK
HI
NV
UT
AZ NM
CO
TX
OK
NE
KS
ND
MN
IA
MO
AR
LAMS AL
TNNC
SC
VAKY
WI
MI
IL INOH
ME
MARI
CTNJ
DEMDDC
NY
PA
WV
GA
FL
MT
ID
OR
WA
WY
SDNH
VT
Per Capita (total population)
State Per 100000
District of Columbia 669
Vermont 462
Delaware 347
Hawaii 332
Oregon 315
Alaska 296
Georgia 290
Maine 276
Minnesota 262
Massachusetts 245
New Jersey 210
New Mexico 205
Rhode Island 201
Washington 199
Maryland 194
Colorado 180
New York 178
Oklahoma 169
Nebraska 166
Missouri 165
North Carolina 161
California 157
Mississippi 154
Florida 149
New Hampshire 148
Kentucky 142
Ohio 135
Indiana 127
Texas 127
Michigan 123
Wisconsin 123
Utah 121
Pennsylvania 114
West Virginia 111
Kansas 107
Montana 104
Connecticut 104
Tennessee 102
Virginia 101
Nevada 92
Arizona 88
Iowa 83
South Dakota 83
Louisiana 83
Alabama 80
Idaho 74
Arkansas 73
Illinois 73
South Carolina 41
North Dakota NA
Wyoming NA
Annual Openings Due to Replacements
State Percentage
District of Columbia 875
Michigan 667
Rhode Island 667
West Virginia 667
New York 600
Arkansas 571
Illinois 571
Maryland 559
Washington 540
Indiana 533
Alaska 500
California 500
Delaware 500
Hawaii 500
Idaho 500
Iowa 500
Missouri 500
Montana 500
New Mexico 500
Ohio 500
Tennessee 500
Utah 500
Vermont 500
Wisconsin 500
Georgia 489
Pennsylvania 472
Mississippi 471
Colorado 460
Nebraska 455
Massachusetts 451
Virginia 448
Maine 429
New Jersey 429
Kentucky 400
Louisiana 400
Texas 400
Minnesota 397
Florida 383
Arizona 375
Kansas 375
New Hampshire 375
Oklahoma 350
Oregon 350
Alabama 333
North Carolina 333
South Dakota 333
Connecticut 300
Nevada 100
North Dakota NA
South Carolina NA
Wyoming NA
Total Growth
State Percentage
Utah 464
Nevada 450
Colorado 333
Arizona 315
Florida 298
South Dakota 286
New Hampshire 275
Texas 273
Minnesota 264
Alaska 263
New Mexico 263
Kentucky 256
Hawaii 244
Montana 242
Maine 235
Oregon 234
North Carolina 231
Missouri 223
Alabama 222
New Jersey 222
Virginia 221
Delaware 214
Idaho 212
Oklahoma 203
Mississippi 201
Pennsylvania 199
Washington 198
Connecticut 194
Arkansas 192
Nebraska 192
Georgia 185
California 182
Indiana 179
Wisconsin 179
Vermont 179
Massachusetts 178
Ohio 175
Kansas 172
Louisiana 162
Tennessee 153
Iowa 143
Maryland 142
Illinois 131
West Virginia 115
New York 115
Rhode Island 112
Michigan 89
South Carolina 59
District of Columbia 24
North Dakota NA
Wyoming NA
How
to U
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e C
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ook
8 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Corresponding data for every state can be found in Appendix B TablesmdashOccupational Profi les State by State Data
Appendix Data Tables(page 137 to 234)
The data tables in Appendix B provide a complete listing of the state-by-state data highlighted in the occupational profi les The data tables are organized by occupation and include state data for growth replacements and per capita and wage gains benchmarks and differentials Data for certain occupations were not available in all states and unavailable data are labeled as ldquonardquo
For example for a more detailed look at the specifi c per capita population of health educators in Texas one can turn to the corresponding per capita Appendix table for health educators which will show the per capita population for that state listed in order from highest to lowest per capita distribution
Commonly Used Terms
Several terms are repeatedly used throughout the chartbook The table below provides brief defi nitions for each term
TERM DEFINITION
Frontline workforce 32 unique occupational groups of health and health care workers as defi ned by the researchers Key characteristics include high level of direct careservice median annual wage under $40000 and required educational training of a bachelorrsquos degree or below For more detail on how the 32 groups were chosen please review the Extended Methodology section in the Appendix
Growth or growth rate Difference or percent change between 2002 and 2012 refl ecting expected growth in an occupation throughout the ten-year period
Replacements The need in job openings from workers that permanently leave an occupation (eg retirement health and family reasons switch careers etc)
Separations Synonym for replacements
Average annual openings Sum for each occupation of Growth plus the expected number of Replacement workers needed to fi ll those openings and then annualized
Short term on-the-job training Short demonstration or up to one month of on-the-job experience or instruction
Moderate term on-the-job training One to 12 months of combined on-the-job experience and instruction
Allied health roles Occupations that support aid and increase the effi ciency of the physician or dentist or primary clinical specialist
For more detail on specifi c calculations or methods please refer to the Extended Methodology section in the Appendix
How
to U
se th
e C
hartb
ook
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 9
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 11
Frontline workers represent a large and signifi cant segment of the total health and health care workforce There are approximately 12 million health and health care workers in the United States working in community and social service occupations health care practitioner and technical occupations and health care support occupations (Bureau of Labor Statistics 2003) These workers represent a range of roles in the delivery of health services and care they include physicians registered nurses substance abuse counselors medical assistants and X-ray technicians The frontline workforce as defi ned in this chartbook constitutes half of the total health and health care workforce with more than 6 million workers in frontline occupations1
Figure 1 Frontline Workforce Population Relative to Total Health and Health Care Workforce Population
The frontline workforce as a whole is predominantly female and approximately one-third of the workers are part of a racial minority
Figure 2 Gender Distribution Across the Frontline Workforce
Overview of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Males
Females
21
79
Total health and health care workforce12080000
Frontline workforce6476000
1 For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Figure 3 Racial Distribution Across the Frontline Workforce
The frontline workforce consists of a diverse set of occupations within various health services and health care delivery roles
Figure 4 Frontline Workforce Occupational Roles
Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles
Mental Health Counselors
Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers
Psychiatric Aides
Psychiatric Technicians
Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors
Other Frontline Occupational Roles
Child Family and School Social Workers
Dental Assistants
Dietetic Technicians
Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses
Medical Transcriptionists
Occupational Therapist Assistants
Pharmacy Aides
Physical Therapist Aides
Physical Therapist Assistants
Recreational Therapists
Rehabilitation Counselors
Allied Health Roles
Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians
Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics
Medical Assistants
Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians
Medical Records and Health Information Technicians
Occupational Health and Safety Specialists
Pharmacy Technicians
Radiologic Technologists and Technicians
Respiratory Therapy Technicians
Surgical Technologists
Community and Public Health Roles
Health Educators
Medical and Public Health Social Workers
Social and Human Services Assistants
Long-term Care Roles
Home Health Aides
Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants
Personal and Home Care Aides
White
Asian
AfricanAmerican
HispanicLatino
6718
10
4
Ove
rview
of th
e F
rontlin
e H
ealth
and H
ealth
Care
Work
forc
e
12 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Employment Outlook
This frontline workforce is growing rapidly collectively it is growing faster (326) than the growth rate for all health and health care occupations (283) and signifi -cantly faster than the growth rate for all occupations (148) in the United States (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment Statistics 2003)
Figure 5 Projected Employment for the Frontline Workforce Due to Growth (2002ndash2012)
This projection refl ects only the increase in jobs needed due to occupational growth it does not include additional job openings due to replacement need which includes workers who retire leave the occupation or leave the employment workforce altogether For the frontline workforce 342 of the average annual projected job openings are due to replacement need This means an additional 1 million frontline workforce jobs will need to be fi lled by 2012
Figure 6 Projected Employment for the Frontline Workforce Due to Growth + Replacement Need (2002ndash2012)
2012Projected employment
8589000
2002Employment
6476000
Growth rate = 326
2012Projected employment (growth + replacements)
9686760
2002Employment
6476000
Growth rate = 496
Ove
rview
of th
e F
rontlin
e H
ealth
and H
ealth
Care
Work
forc
e
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 13
Regional Outlook
With the exception of the West there is little observable regional variation in growth rate or percentage of replacement need for the total frontline workforce across the four Census regions Variations in employment and wage outlook appear much more salient at the state level when comparing particular occupations as shown in the Occupational Profi les section
The overall regional distribution of the frontline workforce is fairly evenly distributed relative to the regional distribution of the population as a whole The Western region exhibits the most variation relative to the other regions with the frontline workforce there less representative of the regionrsquos population as a whole The total 2002 population distribution across regions is
West 26 of total United States population
South 35 of total United States population
Northeast 18 of total United States population
Midwest 21 of total United States population
Figure 7 Frontline Workforce Regional Distribution
Total workforce employment 6400000
West1140230
Northeast1439258
South2261969
Midwest1558525
178
353
224
243
Ove
rview
of th
e F
rontlin
e H
ealth
and H
ealth
Care
Work
forc
e
14 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 15
Wage Outlook
Workers in the frontline workforce generally earn less than $40000 per year the mean annual wage for the total frontline workforce is $32180 (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment Statistics Wage Estimates 2004) Looking at the percentile spread of wage earnings for frontline occupations from the 10th percentile to the 90th percentile there is some variability between the minimum and maximum wage earning potential The highest annual wage earning potential for this workforce as a whole is under $50000
Figure 9 Frontline Workforce Wage Earnings (2004)
260 259 311 341 397 394 354 358
Northeast Midwest South West Northeast Midwest South West
Figure 8 Frontline Workforce Regional Outlook Projected Growth (2002ndash2012) and Percent Job Openings Due to Replacement Need
Ove
rview
of th
e F
rontlin
e H
ealth
and H
ealth
Care
Work
forc
e
Percentile Differential
$20299
Median $30665
$46673
10th Percentile
90th Percentile
130
The following section highlights the employment and wage outlook for the frontline workforce by occupation and illuminates variations among frontline occupations There is signifi cant variation in growth and replacement need across occupations and there is also some observable variation in wage earnings The variations in growth and replacement need do not appear to relate directly to particular occupational roles In wage outlook however certain occupational roles tend to cluster at the top and the bottom of the wage-earning spectrum For example long-term care roles are among the lowest wage earners and experienced the smallest wage gain in the past four years Allied health roles (some not all) on the other hand are among the highest wage earners in this workforce and experienced some of the largest wage gains1
Although the data on educational training for frontline occupations are limited2 the researchers were able to categorize these occupations based on the following standard educational training levels
Short-term on-the-job training3
Moderate-term on-the-job training4
Postsecondary vocational award
Associate degree
Bachelorrsquos degree
Masterrsquos degree
(Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Projections and Training Data 2005)
In frontline workforce occupations higher education and training do not directly correlate with the highest wage earnings but workers with only on-the-job training are among the lowest wage earners in the workforce
The demographic data available for frontline occupations is also limited However by grouping occupations by their percentage of minority workers there are some patterns within occupational roles with a high percentage or a low percentage of minority workers For example long-term care roles have the highest percentage of minority workers and the lowest wage earnings and allied health roles (some not all) have the lowest number of minority workers and are among the highest wage earners
Occupational Variation Across the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 17
1 For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
2 Further discussion on data availability can be found in the Extended Methodology section in the Appendix
3 Defi ned as short demonstration or up to 1 month of on-the-job experience or instruction
4 Defi ned as 1 to 12 months of combined on-the-job experience and instruction
Occupatio
nal V
aria
tion
|
Em
plo
ym
ent G
row
th
18 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Medical Records and Health Information Technicians
Physical Therapist Assistants
Physical Therapist Aides
Occupational Therapist Assistants
Dental Assistants
Personal and Home Care Aides
Respiratory Therapy Technicians
Cardiovascular Technologists and Techicians
Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers
Rehabilitation Counselors
Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics
Medical and Public Health Social Workers
Pharmacy Technicians
Surgical Technologists
Mental Health Counselors
Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants
Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors
Child Family and School Social Workers
Radiologic Technologists and Technicians
Medical Transcriptionists
Dietetic Technicians
Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses
Health Educators
Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians
Pharmacy Aides
Psychiatric Aides
All Frontline Occupations
Medical Assistants
Social and Human Services Assistants
Home Health Aides
Occupational Health and Safety Specialists
Recreational Therapists
Psychiatric Technicians
326
586
489
481
146
74
50
469
460
459
444
425
400
400
349
347
344
330
290
284
278
259
249
239
234
230
228
207
202
200
197
183
153
Growth Rate (in percent)
Figure 10 Occupational Employment Projections (2002ndash2012)mdashGrowth Rate
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Occupatio
nal V
aria
tion
|
Rep
lacem
ent N
eed
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 19
Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians
Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses
Pharmacy Aides
Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors
Psychiatric Aides
Mental Health Counselors
Medical Transcriptionists
Radiologic Technologists and Technicians
Health Educators
Child Family and School Social Workers
Rehabilitation Counselors
Dental Assistants
Dietetic Technicians
Medical and Public Health Social Workers
Cardiovascular Technologists and Techicians
Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants
Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers
Surgical Technologists
Pharmacy Technicians
Personal and Home Care Aides
Respiratory Therapy Technicians
Physical Therapist Assistants
Social and Human Services Assistants
Physical Therapist Aides
Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics
Occupational Therapist Assistants
All Frontline Occupations
Recreational Therapists
Psychiatric Technicians
Occupational Health and Safety Specialists
Medical Assistants
Medical Records and Health Information Technicians
Home Health Aides
342
725
688
623
239
234
214
581
519
513
496
474
462
450
449
446
425
403
397
392
374
358
345
332
318
312
284
275
272
265
265
257
244
Replacement Need (in percent)
Figure 11 Occupational Employment Projections (2002ndash2012)mdashPercent of Job Openings Due to Replacement Need
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Occupatio
nal V
aria
tion
| W
ag
e G
ain
20 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Wage Gain
All Frontline Occupations
Radiologic Technologists and Technicians
Occupational Health and Safety Specialists
Mental Health Counselors
Surgical Technologists
Health Educators
Recreational Therapists
Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors
Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses
Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians
Pharmacy Technicians
Medical and Public Health Social Workers
Medical Records and Health Information Technicians
Medical Transcriptionists
Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants
Child Family and School Social Workers
Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers
Rehabilitation Counselors
Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians
Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics
Physical Therapist Aides
Dietetic Technicians
Physical Therapist Assistants
Dental Assistants
Occupational Therapist Assistants
Respiratory Therapy Technicians
Social and Human Service Assistants
Psychiatric Technicians
Personal and Home Care Aides
Medical Assistants
Pharmacy Aides
Home Health Aides
Psychiatric Aides
2000Mean annual
2004Mean annual
144
231
226
205
199
178
175
168
168
166
164
161
153
148
146
142
136
134
133
129
112
112
107
106
106
105
103
102
100
85
71
60
59
$28141
$37290
$44380
$30390
$29660
$36640
$29590
$30100
$30470
$34960
$21600
$36400
$24430
$25720
$19100
$33530
$32240
$27170
$28970
$24740
$20930
$22830
$34370
$26740
$34860
$34230
$23840
$26060
$15960
$23840
$18930
$18110
$22440
$32179
$45900
$54410
$36630
$35560
$43150
$34780
$35170
$35580
$40770
$25150
$42250
$28160
$29530
$21890
$38280
$36620
$30820
$32820
$27940
$23270
$25390
$38050
$29570
$38550
$37840
$26300
$28710
$17560
$25860
$20270
$19200
$23770
Figure 12 Occupational Wage Gains 2000ndash2004
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Percentile Differential
All Frontline Occupations
Health Educators
Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians
Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics
Mental Health Counselors
Rehabilitation Counselors
Occupational Health and Safety Specialists
Recreational Therapists
Social and Human Service Assistants
Dietetic Technicians
Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers
Child Family and School Social Workers
Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors
Psychiatric Technicians
Medical Records and Health Information Technicians
Medical and Public Health Social Workers
Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians
Physical Therapist Assistants
Occupational Therapist Assistants
Physical Therapist Aides
Psychiatric Aides
Dental Assistants
Pharmacy Aides
Pharmacy Technicians
Respiratory Therapy Technicians
Radiologic Technologists and Technicians
Medical Transcriptionists
Surgical Technologists
Medical Assistants
Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants
Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses
Home Health Aides
Personal and Home Care Aides
$20299
$23740
$22390
$16260
$21590
$18610
$31560
$20420
$15620
$14860
$21860
$23470
$21440
$18360
$18080
$25790
$20570
$24140
$24530
$15450
$15670
$19370
$13640
$16800
$25320
$30710
$20360
$24260
$18290
$15400
$24910
$13760
$12330
$46673
$68830
$61310
$43590
$56590
$48290
$81670
$52520
$40110
$37370
$54820
$58410
$51720
$44220
$42360
$60120
$47110
$52740
$53510
$33390
$33840
$41790
$29330
$34970
$52350
$62900
$40880
$47860
$35090
$29520
$47440
$26110
$22760
10th Percentile
90th Percentile
190
174
168
162
159
159
157
157
151
151
149
141
141
134
133
129
118
118
116
116
116
115
108
107
105
101
97
92
92
90
90
85
130
Occupatio
nal V
aria
tion
| W
ag
e R
ang
es
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 21
Figure 13 Occupational Wage Range 10thndash90th Percentile
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
MEAN ANNUAL
Nursing Aides Orderlies and AttendantsHome Health Aides
Personal and Home Care Aides
Occupational Health and Safety SpecialistsRadiologic Technologists and Technicians
Cardiovascular Technologists and TechniciansRespiratory Therapy Technicians
Surgical TechnologistsMedical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians
Medical Records and Health Information TechniciansEmergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics
Medical AssistantsPharmacy Technicians
Health EducatorsMedical and Public Health Social Workers
Social and Human Service Assistants
Mental Health CounselorsMental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers
Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder CounselorsPsychiatric Technicians
Psychiatric Aides
Occupational Therapist AssistantsChild Family and School Social Workers
Physical Therapist AssistantsLicensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses
Recreational TherapistsRehabilitation Counselors
Dental AssistantsMedical Transcriptionists
Dietetic TechniciansPhysical Therapist Aides
Pharmacy Aides
$21890
$19200
$17560
$54410
$45900
$40770
$37840
$35560
$32820
$28160
$27940
$25860
$25150
$43150
$42250
$26300
$36630
$36620
$35170
$28710
$23770
$38550
$38280
$38050
$35580
$34780
$30820
$29570
$29530
$25390
$23270
$20270
Long-term Care Roles
Allied Health Roles
Community and Public Health Roles
Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles
All Other Frontline Roles
lt$25900$26000ndash 30900
$31000ndash 40900
$41000ndash 50000+
OCCUPATIONAL ROLES
Occupatio
nal V
aria
tion
| W
ag
e C
om
paris
ons
22 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Figure 14 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Occupational Roles
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
MEAN ANNUAL
Radiologic Technologists and TechniciansOccupational Health and Safety Specialists
Mental Health Counselors
Surgical TechnologistsHealth Educators
Recreational TherapistsSubstance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors
Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational NursesCardiovascular Technologists and Technicians
Pharmacy TechniciansMedical and Public Health Social Workers
Medical Records and Health Information Technicians
Medical TranscriptionistsNursing Aides Orderlies and AttendantsChild Family and School Social Workers
Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social WorkersRehabilitation Counselors
Medical and Clinical Laboratory TechniciansEmergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics
Dietetic TechniciansPhysical Therapist Aides
Physical Therapist AssistantsOccupational Therapist Assistants
Dental AssistantsRespiratory Therapy Technicians
Social and Human Service AssistantsPsychiatric Technicians
Personal and Home Care Aides
Medical AssistantsPharmacy Aides
Home Health AidesPsychiatric Aides
$45900
$54410
$36630
$35560
$43150
$34780
$35170
$35580
$40770
$25150
$42250
$28160
$29530
$21890
$38280
$36620
$30820
$32820
$27940
$25390
$23270
$38050
$38550
$29570
$37840
$26300
$28710
$17560
$25860
$20270
$19200
$23770
20ndash25
15ndash20
10ndash15
5ndash10
lt$25900$26000- 30900
$31000- 40900
$41000- 50000+
PERCENT WAGE GAIN 2000ndash2004
Occupatio
nal V
aria
tion
| W
ag
e C
om
paris
ons
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 23
Figure 15 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Percent Wage Gain Across Occupations
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Occupatio
nal V
aria
tion
| W
ag
e C
om
paris
ons
24 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
MEAN ANNUAL
Health EducatorsCardiovascular Technologists and Technicians
Emergency Medical Technicians and ParamedicsMental Health CounselorsRehabilitation Counselors
Occupational Health and Safety SpecialistsRecreational Therapists
Social and Human Service AssistantsDietetic Technicians
Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers
Child Family and School Social WorkersSubstance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors
Psychiatric TechniciansMedical Records and Health Information Technicians
Medical and Public Health Social Workers
Medical and Clinical Laboratory TechniciansPhysical Therapist Assistants
Occupational Therapist AssistantsPhysical Therapist Aides
Psychiatric AidesDental AssistantsPharmacy Aides
Pharmacy TechniciansRespiratory Therapy Technicians
Radiologic Technologists and TechniciansMedical Transcriptionists
Surgical TechnologistsMedical Assistants
Nursing Aides Orderlies and AttendantsLicensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses
Home Health AidesPersonal and Home Care Aides
$43150
$40770
$27940
$36630
$30820
$54410
$34780
$26300
$25390
$36620
$38280
$35170
$28710
$28160
$42250
$32820
$38050
$38550
$23270
$23770
$29570
$20270
$25150
$37840
$45900
$29530
$35560
$25860
$21890
$35580
$19200
$17560
150ndash180
130ndash150
110ndash130
80ndash110
lt$25900$26000ndash 30900
$31000ndash 40900
$41000ndash 50000+
WAGE DIFFERENTIAL 10ndash90 PERCENTILE
Figure 16 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Wage Earnings Range (10thndash90th percentile)
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Occupatio
nal V
aria
tion
| W
ag
e C
om
paris
ons
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 25
Figure 17 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Education Training Levels
MEAN ANNUAL
Home Health AidesNursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants
Psychiatric AidesPhysical Therapist Aides
Pharmacy AidesPersonal and Home Care Aides
Social and Human Service AssistantsDietetic Technicians
Pharmacy TechniciansPsychiatric Technicians
Dental AssistantsMedical Assistants
Emergency Medical Technicians and ParamedicsRespiratory Therapy Technicians
Surgical TechnologistsLicensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses
Medical Transcriptionists
Medical and Clinical Laboratory TechniciansCardiovascular Technologists and Technicians
Radiologic Technologists and TechniciansMedical Records and Health Information Technicians
Occupational Therapist AssistantsPhysical Therapist Assistants
Child Family and School Social WorkersMedical and Public Health Social Workers
Recreational TherapistsOccupational Health and Safety Specialists
Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder CounselorsMental Health CounselorsRehabilitation Counselors
Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social WorkersHealth Educators
$19200
$21890
$23770
$23270
$20270
$17560
$26300
$25390
$25150
$28710
$29570
$25860
$27940
$37840
$35560
$35580
$29530
$32820
$40770
$45900
$28160
$38550
$38050
$38280
$42250
$34780
$54410
$35170
$36630
$30820
$36620
$43150
Short-term On-the-job Training
Moderate-term On-the-job Training
Postsecondary Vocational Award
Associate Degree
Bachelorrsquos Degree
lt$25900$26000ndash 30900
$31000ndash 40900
$41000ndash 50000+
Masterrsquos Degree
EDUCATIONAL LEVEL
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
MEAN ANNUAL
Emergency Medical Technicians and ParamedicsCardiovascular Technologists and Technicians
Radiologic Technologists and Technicians
Physical Therapist AidesPharmacy Technicians
Dietetic TechniciansPsychiatric Technicians
Dental AssistantsSurgical Technologists
Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational NursesRespiratory Therapy Technicians
Physical Therapist Assistants
Social and Human Service AssistantsMedical Records and Health Information Technicians
Rehabilitation CounselorsMedical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians
Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder CounselorsMental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers
Mental Health CounselorsChild Family and School Social Workers
Medical and Public Health Social WorkersHealth Educators
Personal and Home Care AidesPharmacy Aides
Medical AssistantsMedical Transcriptionists
Home Health AidesNursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants
Psychiatric Aides
Recreational TherapistsOccupational Therapist Assistants
Occupational Health and Safety Specialists
$27940
$40770
$45900
$23270
$25150
$25390
$28710
$29570
$35560
$35580
$37840
$38050
$26300
$28160
$30820
$32820
$35170
$36620
$36630
$38280
$42250
$43150
$17560
$20270
$25860
$29530
$19200
$21890
$23770
$34780
$38550
$54410
lt20
20ndash30
30ndash40
40ndash50
50ndash60
lt$25900$26000ndash 30900
$31000ndash 40900
$41000ndash 50000+
No demographic data available
PERCENTAGE NON-WHITE WORKERS (AFRICAN AMERICAN HISPANIC ASIAN)
Occupatio
nal V
aria
tion
| W
ag
e C
om
paris
ons
26 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Figure 18 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Percent of Minority Workers Within Occupations
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Occupational Profi les
The following section provides in-depth occupational profi les for each of the 32 occupations in the frontline workforce In particular they show variations in per capita employment growth outlook and wage outlook across states for each occupation
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 27
Allied Health RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles28
Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians 29
Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics 32
Medical Assistants 35
Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians 38
Medical Records and Health Information Technicians 41
Occupational Health and Safety Specialists 44
Pharmacy Technicians 47
Radiologic Technologists and Technicians 50
Respiratory Therapy Technicians 53
Surgical Technologists 56
Community and Public Health RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles 59
Health Educators 60
Medical and Public Health Social Workers 63
Social and Human Services Assistants 66
Long-term Care RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles 69
Home Health Aides 70
Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants 73
Personal and Home Care Aides 76
Mental Health and Substance Abuse RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles 79
Mental Health Counselors 80
Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers 83
Psychiatric Aides 86
Psychiatric Technicians 89
Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors 92
Other Frontline Occupational RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles 95
Child Family and School Social Workers 96
Dental Assistants 99
Dietetic Technicians 102
Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses 105
Medical Transcriptionists 108
Occupational Therapist Assistants 111
Pharmacy Aides 114
Physical Therapist Aides 117
Physical Therapist Assistants 120
Recreational Therapists 123
Rehabilitation Counselors 126
Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians
Cardiac catheterization technologists
Cardiograph operators
Cardiographers
Cardiology technologists
Cardiopulmonary technologists
Cardiovascular technologists
Echocardiographers
Electrocardiograph operators
Pulmonary function technologists
Radiographers
Technicians EKG
Technicians cardiac monitor
Technicians cardiology
Technicians cardiopulmonary
Technicians cardiovascular
Technicians electrocardigraphic
Technicians holter scanning
Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics
Ambulance driver-paramedics
EMT (emergency medical technicians)
Paramedics
Technicians EMT
Technicians emergency medical
Technicians medical emergency
Medical Assistants Assistants autopsy
Assistants chiropracticchiropractor
Assistants clinic
Assistants doctor other specifi ed or
ns less than associate degree
Assistants hospital clinic
Assistants medical
Assistants ophthalmic
Assistants optometric
Assistants orthopedic
Assistants physician other specifi ed or
ns less than associate degree
Assistants podiatric
Assistants podiatrist
Helpers doctor
Morgue attendants
Ocular care aides
Ophthalmic aides
Optometric aides
Orthopedic cast specialists
Physicianrsquos aides
Visual training aides
Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians
Assistants laboratory ns
Blood typers
Histologic aides
Laboratory workers ns
Technicians ns
Technicians blood or blood bank
Technicians clinical laboratory
Technicians cytogenetic
Technicians hematology
Technicians hemodialysis
Technicians histologic
Technicians histopathology
Technicians laboratory ns
Technicians medical ns
Technicians medical laboratory
Technicians microbiology
Technicians pathological
Technicians serology
Technicians tissue
Medical Records and Health Information Technicians
Assistants medical record
Disability raters
Health information specialists
Historians
Library historians
Medical care evaluation specialists
Medical record clerks
Medical record consultants
Medical record specialists
Medical records ns
Severity of illness coordinators
Technicians health record
Technicians medical record
Occupational Health and Safety Specialists
Adjustment examiners
Chiefs of safety and protection
Dental rating specialists
Environmental health sanitarians
Environmental health technologists
Environmental protection offi cers
Hazardous waste management
specialists
Health offi cers fi eld
Health sanitarians
Industrial hygienists
Industrial safety-and-health specialists
Inspectors ns
Inspectors environmental protection
Inspectors health
Inspectors industrial waste
Inspectors occupational safety and health
Inspectors quarantine
Inspectors rabies
Inspectors safety analysis or research
Inspectors safety work environment
Inspectors sanitarian
Inspectors sanitary
Inspectors sanitation
Inspectors tick
Inspectors water
Medical safety directors
Occupational health and safety
specialists
Public health service offi cers
Radiation protection specialists
Radiological health specialists
Sanitarians
Sanitation offi cers
Venereal disease investigators
Pharmacy Technicians Technicians pharmacist
Technicians pharmacy
Technicians pharmacy laboratory
Radiologic Technologists and Technicians
CAT scanner operators
MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)
technologists
Radiologic technologists
Skiagraphers
Technicians MRI
(magnetic resonance imaging)
Technicians X ray
Technicians radiologic
Technicians radiological health
X ray operators
Respiratory Therapy TechniciansTechnicians oxygen equipment
Technicians oxygen therapy
Technicians respiratory therapy
Surgical Technologists
Surgical orderlies
Surgical technicians
Technicians operating room
Technicians scrub
Technicians surgical
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s
28 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Allied Health RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles
ns = not specifi ed
Allied Health Roles
Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 29
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Card
iovascula
r Technolo
gis
ts a
nd
Technic
ians
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 29
Additional Findings
bull Cardiovascular technologists can deliver their services to patients in any medical setting that provides the necessary supervision of a doctor of medicine or osteopathy (American Medical Association 2005)
bull A vast majority of cardiovascular technologists and technicians work in medical and surgical hospitals while others work in offi ces of physicians and federal government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)
Projected Growth Annual Openings
2002 43000 2265 Average Annual Openings2012 58000
35 Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians
Percent of Annual Openings Due to
148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 642 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 358 Replacements
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Figure 19 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
Per capita employment (per 100000)
1914ndash37901545ndash18941192ndash1505499ndash1178Data not available
(Median = 1545)
CA
AK
HI
NV
UT
AZ NM
CO
TX
OK
NE
KS
SD
ND
MN
IA
MO
AR
LAMS AL
TNNC
SC
VAKY
WI
MI
IL INOH
NH
ME
MARI
CTNJ
DEMDDC
NY
PA
WV
GA
FL
MT
ID
OR
WA
VT
WY
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Card
iovascula
r Technolo
gis
ts a
nd
Technic
ians
30 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Figure 20 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
MS
NC
NHWI
AZ
UT
WA
DC
PA
KY
High
IdahoNevadaArizonaColoradoUtah
598
583
572
566
519
Low
WashingtonAlabamaSouth CarolinaPennsylvaniaDistrict of Columbia
209
205
174
165
107
Growth Rate
High
District of ColumbiaPennsylvaniaWashingtonUtahKentucky
667
536
533
500
469
Low
North CarolinaMississippiNew HampshireWisconsinArizona
286
267
250
250
237
Replacement Need (in percent)
NV
ID
UTCO
AZ
AL
WA
PA
HI
HI
DC
SC
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Card
iovascula
r Technolo
gis
ts a
nd
Technic
ians
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 31
Figure 21 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Highest Wage Gain
$42
710
$39
330
$42
430
$35
680
$33
720
$33
480
$31
940
$34
300
$33
820
$30
620
428 409 366 332 324
37 36
-13 -14
Maine Alabama Nevada Indiana North Dakota
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Lowest Wage Gain
$44
400
$31
150
$29
880
$32
170
$31
940
Connecticut Oklahoma Montana Kentucky South Carolina
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
$43
570
$29
050
$38
640
$35
420
$39
450
-56
Allied Health Roles
Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Em
erg
ency M
ed
ical Te
chnic
ians a
nd
Para
med
ics
32 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Additional Findings
bull A vast majority of employed workers in this category are non-Hispanic White (86) a recognized cultural competency issue for the profession given that the current demographic profi le of the US population identifi es over 32 of Americans as part of an ethnic minority (Committee on the Future of Emergency Care in the United States Health System 2006)
bull In rural areas training for EMTs and paramedics is increasingly offered through distance learning courses recent data show a three-fold increase between 2000 and 2004 of students taking an entire program using distance education resources (National Rural Health Association 2005)
bull Emergency medical technicians and paramedics work primarily in ambulatory health care services local government institutions and medical and surgical hospitals (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)
Projected Growth Annual Openings
2002 179000 7987 Average Annual Openings2012 238000
33 Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics
Percent of Annual Openings Due to
148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 743 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 257 Replacements
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Figure 22 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
Per capita employment (per 100000)
8066ndash123976536ndash80105120ndash64052253ndash5013
(Median = 6536)
CA
AK
HI
NV
UT
AZ NM
CO
TX
OK
NE
KS
SD
ND
MN
IA
MO
AR
LAMS AL
TNNC
SC
VAKY
WI
MI
IL INOH
VTNH
ME
MARI
CTNJ
DEMDDC
NY
PA
WV
GA
FL
WY
MT
ID
OR
WA
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Em
erg
ency M
ed
ical Te
chnic
ians a
nd
Para
med
ics
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 33
Figure 23 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
MN
AZNM
VA
VT
DC
OR
High
ArizonaColoradoNevadaNew MexicoUtah
1086
486
443
402
389
Low
MassachusettsOregonConnecticutMichiganDistrict of Columbia
161
159
129
127
00
High
District of ColumbiaMassachusettsOregonWyomingHawaii
1000
608
600
600
500
Low
VirginiaVermontMinnesotaNew MexicoArizona
238
235
228
180
97
NV
UTCO
AZ NM
CTMI
OR
HI
HI
DC
MA
MA
WY
Growth Rate
Replacement Need (in percent)
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Em
erg
ency M
ed
ical Te
chnic
ians a
nd
Para
med
ics
34 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Figure 24 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Highest Wage Gain
$26
960
$33
290
$37
260
$25
060
$35
960
$30
620
$38
240
$41
360
$32
510
$36
750
457 432 418 413 384
04
-21-14
04
North Dakota Rhode Island Maryland Wyoming Hawaii
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Lowest Wage Gain
$30
470
$35
240
$31
940
$41
980
$36
980
West Virginia Wisconsin Alabama California Oregon
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
$19
650
$22
380
$21
150
$27
460
$29
260
-72 -175
Allied Health Roles
Medical Assistants
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Med
ical A
ssis
tants
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 35
Additional Findings
bull In 2004 medical assistants were reported among the top fi ve fastest-growing occupations (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment Statistics 2004)
bull Currently there is no generalized state or national licensure for medical assistants although many employers prefer or require that employees be certifi ed with the American Association of Medical Assistants Certifi ed Medical Assistant (CMA) credential
bull A majority of medical assistants work in offi ces of physicians while others work in medical and surgical hospitals and offi ces of other health practitioners (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)
Projected Growth Annual Openings
2002 365000 28226 Average Annual Openings2012 579000
59 Medical Assistants Percent of Annual Openings Due to
148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 761 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 239 Replacements
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Figure 25 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
Per capita employment (per 100000)
14305ndash2908012025ndash142958992ndash116512204ndash8370
(Median = 12025)
CA
AK
HI
NV
UT
AZ NM
CO
TX
OK
NE
KS
SD
ND
MN
IA
MO
AR
LAMS AL
TNNC
SC
VAKY
WI
MI
IL INOH
VTNH
ME
MARI
CTNJ
DEMDDC
NY
PA
WV
GA
FL
WY
MT
ID
OR
WA
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Med
ical A
ssis
tants
36 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Figure 26 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
AZAR
UT
ID
DC
OR
NE
CO
AK
WA
High
IdahoArizonaWyomingArkansasUtah
810
785
727
718
694
Low
North DakotaNebraskaDistrict of ColumbiaOregonWashington
383
312
312
238
203
High
OregonWashingtonColoradoAlaskaNebraska
552
494
466
375
372
Low
UtahArkansasWyomingArizonaIdaho
207
202
200
191
189
UT
ID
WY
ARAZ
OR
WA
ND
NE
HI
HI
DC
WY
Growth Rate
Replacement Need (in percent)
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Med
ical A
ssis
tants
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 37
Figure 27 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Highest Wage Gain
16172005
Idaho Delaware Rhode Island Washington New Mexico
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Lowest Wage Gain
Connecticut North Dakota New York Alaska Vermont
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
$28
430
$27
670
$26
650
$29
870
$24
440
$32
770
$39
050
$38
240
$40
860
$33
000
295 283 211 190 189
-35
$44
400
$30
620
$43
590
$42
170
$34
650
$29
920
$21
840
$27
160
$31
370
$26
250
Allied Health Roles
Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Med
ical a
nd
Clin
ical L
ab
ora
tory
Technic
ians
38 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Additional Findings
bull Although salaries for medical and clinical laboratory technicians have shown moderate gains over time they are not equivalent to other health professions Many laboratory technicians report feeling overworked and underpaid and end up leaving to become physicianrsquos assistants (Koele 2004)
bull Due to closures of many hospital-based training programs the pipeline to employment for laboratory technicians has deteriorated though recent studies show renewed student interest and local efforts to restart or build new training programs to meet workforce demand (National Center for Health Workforce Analysis 2005)
bull A majority of medical and clinical laboratory technicians work in medical and surgical hospitals while others work in medical and diagnostic laboratories and offi ces of physicians (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)
Projected Growth Annual Openings
2002 147000 6841 Average Annual Openings2012 176000
20 Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians Percent of Annual Openings Due to
148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 419 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 581 Replacements
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Figure 28 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
Per capita employment (per 100000)
5985ndash92625089ndash58634096ndash49431803ndash4059
(Median = 5089)
CA
AK
HI
NV
UT
AZ NM
CO
TX
OK
NE
KS
SD
ND
MN
IA
MO
AR
LAMS AL
TNNC
SC
VAKY
WI
MI
IL INOH
VTNH
ME
MARI
CTNJ
DEMDDC
NY
PA
WV
GA
FL
WY
MT
ID
OR
WA
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Med
ical a
nd
Clin
ical L
ab
ora
tory
Technic
ians
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 39
Figure 29 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
AZ
UTNV
ID
DC
SC
PA
High
ArizonaUtahIdahoNevadaColorado
528
375
370
329
296
Low
New YorkSouth CarolinaConnecticutPennsylvaniaDistrict of Columbia
84
79
69
61
00
High
District of ColumbiaHawaiiPennsylvaniaSouth CarolinaConnecticut
1000
1000
817
800
775
Low
UtahIdahoNevadaArizonaNorth Dakota
444
421
375
338
267
UT
ID
NV
CO
AZ
NY
PA
SC
HI
HI
DC
CT
ND
CT
Growth Rate
Replacement Need (in percent)
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Med
ical a
nd
Clin
ical L
ab
ora
tory
Technic
ians
40 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Figure 30 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Highest Wage Gain
Illinois Louisiana Georgia New Hampshire Virginia
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Lowest Wage Gain
Connecticut Delaware New Mexico Utah Nevada
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
01
2639
-61
$37
200
$29
230
$30
050
$41
100
$31
550
$38
580
$31
230
$35
840
$37
450
$39
130
293 238 231 219 204
-63
$44
400
$39
050
$33
000
$34
110
$34
300
$37
970
$29
610
$33
810
$23
460
$32
100
Allied Health Roles
Medical Records and Health Information Technicians
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Med
ical R
ecord
s a
nd
Health
Info
rmatio
n Te
chnic
ians
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 41
Additional Findings
bull In 2002 the American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA) identifi ed educational capacity as a key issue for this occupational group They estimate that 6000 new medical records and health information specialists are needed annually but only 2000 graduate from training programs each year
bull The median age is high at 46 a strong indication of potential retirement replacement problems (American Health Information Management Association 2002)
bull Medical records and health information technicians work primarily in medical and surgical hospitals and offi ces of physicians as well as nursing care facilities and outpatient care centers (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)
Projected Growth Annual Openings
2002 147000 8974 Average Annual Openings2012 216000
47 Medical Records and Health Information Technicians
Percent of Annual Openings Due to
148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 766 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 234 Replacements
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Figure 31 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
Per capita employment (per 100000)
6727ndash157105512ndash65334765ndash55012798ndash4614
(Median = 5512)
CA
AK
HI
NV
UT
AZ NM
CO
TX
OK
NE
KS
SD
ND
MN
IA
MO
AR
LAMS AL
TNNC
SC
VAKY
WI
MI
IL INOH
VTNH
ME
MARI
CTNJ
DEMDDC
NY
PA
WV
GA
FL
WY
MT
ID
OR
WA
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Med
ical R
ecord
s a
nd
Health
Info
rmatio
n Te
chnic
ians
42 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Figure 32 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
AZ
AK
GA
NV
ID
DC
WA
OR
CO
High
ArizonaNevadaIdahoGeorgiaColorado
731
670
628
599
591
Low
PennsylvaniaOregonNew HampshireDistrict of ColumbiaWashington
266
249
245
201
192
High
OregonNew HamshireColoradoWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
517
473
466
436
429
Low
NevadaGeorgiaIdahoArizonaAlaska
189
186
180
164
50
ID
NV
CO
GA
AZ
WA
NH
NH
OR
PA
HI
HI
DC
Growth Rate
Replacement Need (in percent)
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Med
ical R
ecord
s a
nd
Health
Info
rmatio
n Te
chnic
ians
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 43
Figure 33 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Highest Wage Gain
District of Columbia New Jersey Nevada Wisconsin Virginia
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Lowest Wage Gain
Arizona Alaska Louisiana Hawaii Vermont
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
-073479
-60
$35
890
$37
350
$31
170
$28
130
$28
990
$57
980
$43
040
$34
300
$35
240
$39
130
322 305 279 257 236
-64
$34
880
$42
170
$31
230
$36
750
$34
650
$27
200
$31
470
$22
440
$31
100
$28
000
Allied Health Roles
Occupational Health and Safety Specialists
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Occup
atio
nal H
ealth
and
Safe
ty S
pecia
lists
44 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Additional Findings
bull Reports show there is a growing trend toward advanced degrees for occupational health and safety specialists (Brauer 2004)
bull While there are no cited shortages or high rates of vacancy for this occupation there are indications of layoffs by manufacturing companies due to downsizing and outsourcing of their safety personnel (Adams et al 2004)
bull Occupational health and safety specialists work in a variety of settings including local government institutions residential mental health facilities state government institutions and medical and surgical hospitals (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)
Projected Growth Annual Openings
2002 41000 1442 Average Annual Openings2012 47000
15 Occupational Health and Safety Specialists Percent of Annual Openings Due to
148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 377 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 623 Replacements
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Figure 34 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
Per capita employment (per 100000)
1942ndash37651514ndash19331209ndash1495656ndash1167Data not available
(Median = 1505)
CA
AK
HI
NV
UT
AZ
CO
TX
OK
NE
KS
SD
ND
MN
IA
MO
AR
LAMS AL
TNNC
SC
VAKY
WI
MI
IL INOH
VTNH
ME
MARI
CTNJ
DEMDDC
NY
PA
WV
GA
FL
WY
MT
ID
OR
WA
NM
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Occup
atio
nal H
ealth
and
Safe
ty S
pecia
lists
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 45
Figure 35 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
ID
CO
IA
OK
NC
DC
ND
UT
TN
WV
High
NevadaIdahoUtahArizonaCalifornia
290
268
206
205
200
Low
PennsylvaniaConnecticutDistrict of ColumbiaSouth CarolinaWest Virginia
60
58
37
13
07
High
North DakotaTennesseeUtahWest VirginiaConnecticut
1000
1000
1000
857
800
Low
IdahoIowaNorth CarolinaOklahomaColorado
500
500
500
500
440
ID
NV
UTCA
AZ
PA
SC
WV
HI
HI
DC
CT
CT
Growth Rate
Replacement Need (in percent)
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Occup
atio
nal H
ealth
and
Safe
ty S
pecia
lists
46 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Figure 36 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Highest Wage Gain
Mississippi Arkansas District of Columbia Illinois Wisconsin
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Lowest Wage Gain
North Dakota Utah Alabama Alaska Oklahoma
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
$48
580
$48
460
$76
790
$63
010
$51
570
$28
630
$29
560
$57
980
$38
580
$35
240
492 452 429 426 421
-12
1276
-36 -40
$30
620
$34
110
$31
940
$42
170
$31
150
$48
760
$52
760
$47
860
$69
920
$48
950
Allied Health Roles
Pharmacy Technicians
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Pharm
acy Te
chnic
ians
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 47
Additional Findings
bull Since its inception in 1995 the Pharmacy Technician Certifi cation Board (PTCB) has certifi ed 231745 pharmacy technicians (2005)
bull Unlike most other frontline occupations pharmacy technicians work primarily in retail settings such as health and personal care stores and grocery stores while others work in medical and surgical hospitals (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)
Projected Growth Annual Openings
2002 211000 8819 Average Annual Openings2012 271000
28 Pharmacy Technicians Percent of Annual Openings Due to
148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 688 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 312 Replacements
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Figure 37 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
Per capita employment (per 100000)
8297ndash101047614ndash81336469ndash75674407ndash6245
(Median = 7614)
CA
AK
HI
NV
UT
AZ NM
CO
TX
OK
NE
KS
SD
ND
MN
IA
MO
AR
LAMS AL
TNNC
SC
VAKY
WI
MI
IL INOH
VTNH
ME
MARI
CTNJ
DEMDDC
NY
PA
WV
GA
FL
WY
MT
ID
OR
WA
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Pharm
acy Te
chnic
ians
48 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Figure 38 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
CO
WA
OR
DC
UT
ID
NV
AZ
High
NevadaAlaskaUtahColoradoIdaho
624
583
554
515
506
Low
PennsylvaniaNew YorkWashingtonRhode IslandDistrict of Columbia
191
190
179
179
50
High
District of ColumbiaMassachusettsOregonColoradoWashington
750
519
505
467
423
Low
IdahoArizonaNevadaUtahWyoming
217
207
176
167
00
ID
NV
AK
UTCO
PA
NY
WA
HI
HI
DC
RI
MA
WY
Growth Rate
Replacement Need (in percent)
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Pharm
acy Te
chnic
ians
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 49
Figure 39 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Highest Wage Gain
District of Columbia Connecticut Alabama Arizona Maine
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Lowest Wage Gain
Kentucky Pennsylvania California Vermont Delaware
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
102 99 79 76 67
$32
170
$35
970
$41
980
$34
650
$39
050
$22
030
$21
300
$33
090
$22
760
$20
270
$31
190
$28
000
$21
520
$26
350
$23
870
$57
980
$44
400
$31
940
$34
880
$33
480
320 272 259 253 251
Allied Health Roles
Radiologic Technologists and Technicians
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Rad
iolo
gic
Technolo
gis
ts a
nd
Technic
ians
50 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Additional Findings
bull According to a 2003 report by the American Society of Radiologic Technologists in addition to an aging workforce the fi eld of radiologic technology has fewer people entering the profession as it competes with careers that are perceived to be more rewarding and less stressful
bull One of the priorities of the American Society of Radiologic Technologists (2004) is passage of the Consumer Assurance of Radiologic Excellence (CARE) Act which has garnered support in Congress to establish nationwide educational and credentialing standards for medical imaging and radiation therapy personnel
bull A majority of radiologic technologists and technicians work in either medical and surgical hospitals or offi ces of physicians while others work in medical and diagnostic laboratories (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)
Projected Growth Annual Openings
2002 174000 7246 Average Annual Openings2012 214000
48 Radiologic Technologists and Technicians Percent of Annual Openings Due to
148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 551 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 449 Replacements
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Figure 40 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
Per capita employment (per 100000)
7246ndash104546299ndash71895262ndash62634116ndash5208
(Median = 6299)
CA
AK
HI
NV
UT
AZ NM
CO
TX
OK
NE
KS
SD
ND
MN
IA
MO
AR
LAMS AL
TNNC
SC
VAKY
WI
MI
IL INOH
VTNH
ME
MARI
CTNJ
DEMDDC
NY
PA
WV
GA
FL
WY
MT
ID
OR
WA
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Rad
iolo
gic
Technolo
gis
ts a
nd
Technic
ians
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 51
Figure 41 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due toReplacement Need
SC
PA
KY
IL
DC
AK
ID
NV
AZ
High
ArizonaIdahoNevadaUtahColorado
507
460
416
392
364
Low
KentuckyIllinoisSouth CarolinaPennsylvaniaDistrict of Columbia
122
122
70
64
26
High
District of ColumbiaSouth CarolinaPennsylvaniaIllinoisKentucky
833
750
743
608
604
Low
NevadaIdahoArizonaAlaskaWyoming
304
294
270
100
00
ID
NV
UT
AZ
CO
PA
SC
IL
KY
HI
HI
DC
WY
Growth Rate
Replacement Need (in percent)
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Rad
iolo
gic
Technolo
gis
ts a
nd
Technic
ians
52 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Figure 42 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Highest Wage Gain
Missouri Maine Massachusetts Montana Louisiana
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Lowest Wage Gain
South Carolina Alabama Delaware North Dakota Tennessee
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
$54
220
$45
960
$57
070
$41
150
$41
210
$34
460
$33
480
$45
290
$29
880
$31
230
606 363 353 352 325
152 143 54 37
-07
-07
$31
940
$31
940
$39
050
$30
620
$32
730
$42
650
$38
650
$42
260
$35
880
$41
260
Allied Health Roles
Respiratory Therapy Technicians
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Resp
irato
ry T
hera
py Te
chnic
ians
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 53
Additional Findings
bull The vacancy rate for respiratory care professionals in hospitals increased from 596 percent in 2000 to 865 percent in 2005 This translates to approximately 11695 vacant full-time positions in 2005 (American Association for Respiratory Care 2006)
bull Respiratory therapy technicians work closely with respiratory therapists and almost exclusively in medical and surgical hospitals with a small percentage working in offi ces of physicians or other health practitioners (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)
Projected Growth Annual Openings
2002 25000 1249 Average Annual Openings2012 35000
40 Respiratory Therapy Technicians Percent of Annual Openings Due to
148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 725 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 275 Replacements
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Figure 43 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
Per capita employment (per 100000)
1287ndash2977965ndash1245665ndash937272ndash647Data not available
(Median = 965)
CA
AK
HI
NV
UT
AZ NM
CO
TX
OK
NE
KS
MN
IA
MO
AR
LAMS AL
TNNC
SC
VAKY
WI
MI
IL INOH
VT
ME
MARI
CTNJ
DEMDDC
NY
PA
WV
GA
FL
MT
ID
OR
WA
WY
SDNH
ND
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Resp
irato
ry T
hera
py Te
chnic
ians
54 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Figure 44 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
OR
CO
IA PA
DC
UT
ID
NV
AZ
MS
High
AlaskaColoradoIdahoNevadaUtah
731
579
578
533
533
Low
WashingtonSouth CarolinaAlabamaPennsylvaniaDistrict of Columbia
182
179
167
164
161
High
OregonIowaColoradoMassachusettsPennsylvania
550
500
476
472
455
Low
MissisippiIdahoArizonaNevadaUtah
214
211
155
100
00
ID
NV
AK
UTCO
PA
SC
AL
NY
WA
HI
HI
DC
MA
Growth Rate
Replacement Need (in percent)
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Resp
irato
ry T
hera
py Te
chnic
ians
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 55
Figure 45 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Highest Wage Gain
Idaho Colorado Maine Illinois Pennsylvania
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Lowest Wage Gain
South Carolina District of Columbia Montana Maryland Wyoming
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
-07
$41
140
$39
460
$40
080
$38
420
$38
740
$32
770
$39
820
$33
480
$38
580
$35
970
513 419 343 338 300
-06 -06 -78 -117 -141
$31
940
$57
980
$29
880
$41
360
$32
510
$35
150
$36
960
$31
520
$51
860
$31
010
Allied Health Roles
Surgical Technologists
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Surg
ical Te
chnolo
gis
ts
56 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Additional Findings
bull According to the Association of Surgical Technologists in 2006 many employers prefer to hire graduates from two-year associate degree programs accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP)
bull The Association of Surgical Technologists has developed recommended Clinical Ladders to provide a long-term occupational strategy to decrease attrition increase skill levels and enhance quality patient surgical care (2006)
bull A vast majority of surgical technologists work in medical and surgical hospitals while others work in offi ces of physicians or dentists (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)
Projected Growth Annual Openings
2002 72000 2959 Average Annual Openings2012 92000
28 Surgical Technologists Percent of Annual Openings Due to
148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 682 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 318 Replacements
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Figure 46 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
Per capita employment (per 100000)
3143ndash53312591ndash31242090ndash24941202ndash2081Data not available
(Median = 2591)
CA
AK
HI
NV
UT
AZ NM
CO
TX
OK
NE
KS
ND
MN
IA
MO
AR
LAMS AL
TNNC
SC
VAKY
WI
MI
IL INOH
ME
MARI
CTNJ
DEMDDC
NY
PA
WV
GA
FL
MT
ID
OR
WA
WY
SDNH
VT
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Surg
ical Te
chnolo
gis
ts
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 57
Figure 47 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
OR
AK
SC
PA
DC
NHID
NV
AZ
MS
High
ArizonaColoradoNevadaIdahoUtah
637
500
492
477
472
Low
New YorkWyomingPennsylvaniaSouth CarolinaDistrict of Columbia
187
167
115
114
63
High
District of ColumbiaAlaskaSouth CarolinaOregonPennsylvania
667
600
575
533
529
Low
MissisippiNew HampshireIdahoNevadaArizona
245
231
214
200
167
ID
NV
AZ
UTCO
PA
SC
NY
WY
HI
HI
DC
Growth Rate
Replacement Need (in percent)
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Surg
ical Te
chnolo
gis
ts
58 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Figure 48 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Highest Wage Gain
Wisconsin Georgia Maine Montana Arizona
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Lowest Wage Gain
Oklahoma District of Columbia Utah Hawaii Idaho
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
-07
$39
700
$31
320
$34
670
$37
240
$40
830
$35
240
$35
840
$33
480
$29
880
$34
880
322 307 304 297 287
-03 -13
77 66 38$31
150
$57
980
$34
110
$36
750
$32
770
$28
500
$35
390
$29
570
$34
270
$35
910
Health Educators Health educators
Public health advisors
Public health analysts
Public health educators
Public health instructors
Public health representatives
Public health specialists
Public health technologists
Medical and Public Health Social Workers
Bereavement counselors
Geriatric social workers
Group social workers
Health care social workers
Home health care social workers
Hospice social workers
Hospital social workers
Long term care social workers
Medical case workers
Medical social consultants
Medical social workers
Neonatal social workers
Nephrology social workers
Nursing home social workers
Older adult social work specialists
Oncology social workers
Outreach and education social workers
Pediatric social workers
Perinatal social workers
Public health social workers
Public welfare workers
Renal social workers
Social and Human Service Assistants
Aides welfare
Assistants clinical
Assistants human services
Assistants social services
Boyrsquos advisors counselors or workers
Case aides
Case work aides
Childrenrsquos aides
Clerical aides
Clinical social work aides
Community aides
Community coordinators
Community development aides
Community development workers
Community organization aides
Community service workers
Counseling aides
Family service aides
Field representatives
Field workers
Group workers
Head workers
Home visitors
House visitors
Human services workers
Management aides
Neighborhood aides
Neighborhood coordinators
Neighborhood workers
Promotores
Outreach workers
Red cross workers
Service aides
Social contact workers
Social service workers
Technicians human service
Travelersrsquo aid workers
Visitors
Welfare service aides
Welfare visitors
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 59
Community and Public Health Roles Frontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles
Community and Public Health Roles
Health Educators
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Health
Ed
ucato
rs
60 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Additional Findings
bull The average age of the total public health workforce of which health educators are a key element is estimated at 47 indicating a looming retirement problem (Mahan and Malecki 2004)
bull The health educator occupational group is noted for persistent shortages and cited as a top priority within the public health infrastructure (Northwest Center for Public Health Practice University of Washington 2002)
bull Health educators work in a variety of settings including medical and surgical hospitals local government institutions individual and family services and state government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)
Projected Growth Annual Openings
2002 45000 1759 Average Annual Openings2012 54000
20 Health Educators Percent of Annual Openings Due to
148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 554 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 446 Replacements
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Figure 49 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
Per capita employment (per 100000)
2048ndash66941482ndash20111041ndash14211414ndash1019Data not available
(Median = 1482)
CA
AK
HI
NV
UT
AZ NM
CO
TX
OK
NE
KS
ND
MN
IA
MO
AR
LAMS AL
TNNC
SC
VAKY
WI
MI
IL INOH
ME
MARI
CTNJ
DEMDDC
NY
PA
WV
GA
FL
MT
ID
OR
WA
WY
SDNH
VT
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Health
Ed
ucato
rs
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 61
Figure 50 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
MINY
WV DC
NV
SD
NC
AL
High
UtahNevadaColoradoArizonaFlorida
464
450
333
315
298
Low
New YorkRhode IslandMichiganSouth CarolinaDistrict of Columbia
115
112
89
59
24
High
District of ColumbiaMichiganRhode IslandWest VirginiaNew York
875
667
667
667
600
Low
AlabamaNorth CarolinaSouth DakotaConnecticutNevada
333
333
333
300
100
FL
NV
AZ
UTCO
MI
SC
NY
HI
HI
DC
RI
RICT
Growth Rate
Replacement Need (in percent)
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Health
Ed
ucato
rs
62 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Figure 51 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Highest Wage Gain
Tennessee Connecticut Oregon New Hampshire Georgia
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Lowest Wage Gain
New Jersey Nevada Mississippi West Virgina Arizona
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
$53
100
$49
190
$44
400
$42
320
$50
460
$32
730
$44
400
$36
980
$37
450
$35
840
743 375 357 311 311
-123 -126
01
-19-41
$43
040
$34
300
$28
630
$30
470
$34
880
$46
310
$41
380
$34
470
$25
140
$39
650
Community and Public Health Roles
Medical and Public Health Social Workers
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Med
ical a
nd
Pub
lic H
ealth
Socia
l Work
ers
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 63
Additional Findings
bull A national study indicates that 80 of the licensed social worker respondents held a masterrsquos degree in social work 12 reported a bachelorrsquos as their highest attained social work degree (National Association of Social Workers 2005)
bull The same study showed that nearly 62 of the licensed social work profession is over age 45 and 12 report plans to leave the workforce in the next 2 years (National Association of Social Workers 2005)
bull Medical and public health social workers work primarily in medical and surgical hospitals along with individual and family services nursing care facilities local government institutions and home health care services (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)
Projected Growth Annual Openings
2002 107000 4906 Average Annual Openings2012 138000
29 Medical and Public Health Social Workers Percent of Annual Openings Due to
148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 626 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 374 Replacements
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Figure 52 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
Per capita employment (per 100000)
4736ndash92583504ndash47292781ndash34911620ndash2746
(Median = 3504)
CA
AK
HI
NV
UT
AZ NM
CO
TX
OK
NE
KS
SD
ND
MN
IA
MO
AR
LAMS AL
TNNC
SC
VAKY
WI
MI
IL INOH
VTNH
ME
MARI
CTNJ
DEMDDC
NY
PA
WV
GA
FL
WY
MT
ID
OR
WA
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Med
ical a
nd
Pub
lic H
ealth
Socia
l Work
ers
64 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Figure 53 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
WA
AK
AL
PA
DC
ID
UT
AZ
KS
High
ArizonaIdahoNevadaUtahNew Hampshire
551
489
453
452
450
Low
WashingtonNebraskaAlabamaPennsylvaniaDistrict of Columbia
196
196
161
149
50
High
District of ColumbiaWyomingPennsylvaniaAlabamaWashington
727
600
535
526
469
Low
IdahoUtahKansasArizonaAlaska
273
250
238
235
100
ID
NV
AZ
UT
NH
PANE
AL
WA
HI
HI
DC
WY
Growth Rate
Replacement Need (in percent)
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Med
ical a
nd
Pub
lic H
ealth
Socia
l Work
ers
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 65
Figure 54 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Highest Wage Gain
Tennessee Delaware Nebraska Hawaii Illinois
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Lowest Wage Gain
Alabama North Carolina Missouri South Carolina Mississippi
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
-07
$44
490
$47
620
$36
710
$54
710
$39
680
$32
730
$39
050
$33
060
$36
750
$38
580
445 410 367 361 346
69 6429
-23 -72
$31
940
$34
120
$34
460
$31
940
$28
630
$32
980
$38
520
$36
970
$33
760
$31
770
Community and Public Health Roles
Social and Human Services Assistants
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Socia
l and
Hum
an S
erv
ices A
ssis
tants
66 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Additional Findings
bull There is a growing awareness that social and human services assistants are very effective at linking different communities and agencies and can be powerful change agents (Keane et al 2004)
bull Estimated turnover among social and human services assistants is high especially for those without formal academic preparation Some studies cite annual attrition rates as high as 77 (Bhattacharyya et al 2001)
bull Social and human services assistants work in a variety of settings including individual and family services state government institutions local government institutions and residential mental health facilities (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)
Projected Growth Annual Openings
2002 305000 20245 Average Annual Openings2012 454000
49 Social and Human Services Assistants Percent of Annual Openings Due to
148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 735 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 265 Replacements
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Figure 55 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
Per capita employment (per 100000)
18933ndash4563912705ndash182137872ndash115593311ndash7803
(Median = 12705)
CA
AK
HI
NV
UT
AZ NM
CO
TX
OK
NE
KS
SD
ND
MN
IA
MO
AR
LAMS AL
TNNC
SC
VAKY
WI
MI
IL INOH
VTNH
ME
MARI
CTNJ
DEMDDC
NY
PA
WV
GA
FL
WY
MT
ID
OR
WA
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Socia
l and
Hum
an S
erv
ices A
ssis
tants
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 67
Figure 56 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
WA
ND
OR
DC
IDSD
UT
AZ
NV
High
IdahoNevadaArizonaUtahMaine
767
708
644
636
630
Low
MississippiNorth DakotaDistrict of ColumbiaWashingtonOregon
285
257
237
196
154
High
OregonWashingtonColoradoDistrict of ColumbiaNorth Dakota
520
489
463
430
414
Low
South DakotaArizonaNevadaUtahIdaho
217
216
206
206
187
ID
NV
AZ
UT
MEND
MS
WA
OR
HI
HI
DC
CO
Growth Rate
Replacement Need (in percent)
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Socia
l and
Hum
an S
erv
ices A
ssis
tants
68 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Figure 57 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Highest Wage Gain
Louisiana Connecticut Michigan Arizona Massachusetts
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Lowest Wage Gain
North Dakota Iowa Tennessee Washington Texas
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
-07
$28
750
$37
220
$31
740
$29
050
$30
060
$31
230
$44
400
$39
590
$34
880
$45
290
597 300 294 265 199
33 32 20
-39 -184
$30
620
$31
990
$32
730
$40
860
$35
310
$21
490
$24
320
$24
920
$23
690
$18
450
Home Health Aides Home attendants
Home health aides
Nursersquos companions
Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants
Aides ns
Assistants ns
Assistants certifi ed nursing
Assistants nurse
Assistants nursing
Assistants operating room
Attendant nurses
Baby nurses
Birth attendants
CNA (certifi ed nursing assistants)
CNA activity ns
CNA with medical or nursing
Cart attendants
Doulas
First aid attendants
First aid nurses
Gericare aides
Health aides
Health care aides
Helpers ns
Helpers ward
Hospice aides
Hospice entrance attendants
Hospital aides
Hospital attendants
Hospital corpsmen
Hospital orderlies
Infi rmary attendants
Institutional aides
Medical aides
Medical attendants
Medication aides
Midwives
New patient escorts
Nurses other specifi ed or ns
less than high school diploma
Nurse sitters
Nursersquos aides
Nursery attendants
Nursing aides
Operating room orderlies
Orderlies
Patient care excluding nursing
Patient escorts
Patient sitters
Patient sitters cleaning
Patient transporters
Student nurses
Surgical aides
Teacher orderlies
Technicians aides
Technicians certifi ed medication
Technicians nurse less than associate
degree
Technicians nursery
Trained attendants
Transporters
Ward aides
Ward attendants
Personal and Home Care AidesAides ns
Blind aides
Blind escorts
Caregivers
Caretakers family member
Companions
Convalescent sitters
Direct care staffers
Geriatric aides
Guardian family members
Home care aides
Homemakers
Nutrition aides
Personal attendants
Sitters excluding animal or child care
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 69
Long-Term Care RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles
ns = not specifi ed
Additional Findings
bull Within the frontline workforce as presented in this chartbook long-term care employees (of which home health aides are a subset) comprise the largest percentage of ethnic minority workers with half identifi ed as an ethnic minority 35 African American and 13 Latino (Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Population Survey 2005)
bull While turnover of long-term-care workers has been understood to be a serious problem only a few studies have thoroughly identifi ed the actual per worker costs of turnover with some researchers indicating further studies are needed to better inform and address turnover issues (Seavey 2004)
bull Home health aides work primarily in home health care services residential mental health facilities community care facilities for the elderly and individual and family services (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)
Long-term Care Roles
Home Health Aides
Projected Growth Annual Openings
2002 580000 35497 Average Annual Openings2012 859000
48 Home Health Aides Percent of Annual Openings Due to
148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 786 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 214 Replacements
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Hom
e H
ealth
Aid
es
70 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Figure 58 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
Per capita employment (per 100000)
22152ndash5917718257ndash2208212701ndash179266526ndash12368Data not available
(Median = 18091)
CA
AK
HI
NV
UT
AZ NM
TX
OK
NE
KS
SD
ND
MN
IA
MO
AR
LAMS AL
TNNC
SC
VAKY
WI
MI
IL INOH
VTNH
ME
MARI
CTNJ
DEMDDC
NY
PA
WV
GA
FL
WY
MT
ID
OR
WA
CO
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Hom
e H
ealth
Aid
es
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 71
Figure 59 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
KS
UT
ID
AZ
MN
ND
DC
SC
High
ArizonaUtahIdahoGeorgiaMaryland
690
688
631
528
518
Low
NebraskaOregonNorth DakotaWashingtonConnecticut
266
239
229
213
189
High
ConnecticutWashingtonNorth DakotaOregonWyoming
416
402
367
367
367
Low
KansasUtahIdahoArizonaRhode Island
200
176
173
159
26
ID
UT
AZ
GA
ND
WA
OR
MD
CT
HI
HI
DC
NE
CTRIWY
WA
OR
Growth Rate
Replacement Need (in percent)
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Hom
e H
ealth
Aid
es
72 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Figure 60 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Highest Wage Gain
$22
490
$19
260
$17
800
$20
110
$21
500
$36
750
$30
620
$29
560
$29
080
$34
300
348 221 220 220 213
-46 -102 -114 -148 -152
Hawaii North Dakota Arkansas South Dakota Nevada
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Lowest Wage Gain
$44
400
$35
310
$31
230
$39
820
$28
630
Connecticut Texas Louisiana Colorado Mississippi
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
$25
320
$14
680
$16
400
$19
600
$16
170
Additional Findings
bull Some studies estimate over 25 of certifi ed nursing assistants (CNAs) in nursing homes have no health insurance compared with 16 of all US workers (General Accounting Offi ce 2001)
bull Nursing aides orderlies and attendants work primarily in nursing care facilities and also may work in medical and surgical hospitals and community care facilities for the elderly (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)
Long-term Care Roles
Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants
Projected Growth Annual Openings
2002 1375000 52299 Average Annual Openings2012 1718000
25 Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants Percent of Annual Openings Due to
148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 655 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 345 Replacements
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Nurs
ing A
ides O
rderlie
s a
nd
Atte
nd
ants
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 73
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Figure 61 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
Per capita employment (per 100000)
65204ndash9321651946ndash6457241418ndash5116226080ndash40279
(Median = 51946)
CA
AK
HI
NV
UT
AZ NM
CO
TX
OK
NE
KS
SD
ND
MN
IA
MO
AR
LAMS AL
TNNC
SC
VAKY
WI
MI
IL INOH
VTNH
ME
MARI
CTNJ
DEMDDC
NY
PA
WV
GA
FL
WY
MT
ID
OR
WA
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Nurs
ing A
ides O
rderlie
s a
nd
Atte
nd
ants
74 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Figure 62 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
NV
UT
ID
AZ
MN
NY
DC
SC
High
ArizonaNevadaIdahoUtahHawaii
502
454
451
417
344
Low
New YorkMinnesotaConnecticutDistrict of ColumbiaSouth Carolina
146
145
93
58
40
High
South CarolinaDistrict of ColumbiaConnecticutNew YorkMinnesota
799
695
585
475
475
Low
HawaiiUtahIdahoNevadaArizona
250
239
225
224
207
NV
ID
UT
AZ
MN
NY
CT
HI
HI
DC
SC
CT
Growth Rate
Replacement Need (in percent)
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Nurs
ing A
ides O
rderlie
s a
nd
Atte
nd
ants
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 75
Figure 63 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Highest Wage Gain
$20
920
$23
910
$21
130
$20
210
$18
750
$32
510
$41
980
$33
780
$30
620
$35
310
233 205 194 194 190
101 98 92 83 66
Wyoming California Kansas North Dakota Texas
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Lowest Wage Gain
$31
940
$28
630
$44
400
$36
980
$43
040
South Carolina Mississippi Connecticut Oregon New Jersey
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
$18
830
$16
590
$27
110
$22
560
$24
070
Long-term Care Roles
Personal and Home Care Aides
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Pers
onal a
nd
Hom
e C
are
Aid
es
76 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Additional Findings
bull A national study found that a ldquogray marketrdquo exists within the long-term-care workforce (workers hired directly by individuals and families who are not counted in most formal surveys) as up to 29 of workers providing long-term-care assistance to the Medicare population in the home are self-employed (Leon and Franco 1998)
bull A report indicates that 40ndash45 of home care aides lack health insurance (Lipson and Regan 2004)
bull Personal and home care aides work in a variety of settings including home health care services individual and family services and residential mental health facilities (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)
Projected Growth Annual Openings
2002 608000 34327 Average Annual Openings2012 854000
41 Personal and Home Care Aides Percent of Annual Openings Due to
148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 716 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 284 Replacements
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Figure 64 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
Per capita employment (per 100000)
24377ndash4697716307ndash2345211381ndash159584379ndash11357Data not available
CA
AK
HI
NV
UT
AZ NM
CO
TX
OK
NE
KS
SD
ND
MN
IA
MO
AR
LAMS AL
TNNC
SC
VAKY
WI
MI
IL INOH
VTNH
ME
MARI
CTNJ
DEMDDC
NY
PA
WV
GA
FL
WY
MT
OR
WA
(Median = 16307)
ID
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Pers
onal a
nd
Hom
e C
are
Aid
es
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 77
Figure 65 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
WA
ND
NE
CO
OR
DC
NVUT
NM
High
UtahNevadaMaineNew MexicoMinnesota
637
563
546
533
519
Low
District of ColumbiaMichiganOregonNebraskaNorth Dakota
225
224
214
181
157
High
North DakotaColoradoNebraskaOregonWashington
507
464
462
450
432
Low
MinnesotaMaineNew MexicoNevadaUtah
236
227
226
220
176
ME
NV
NM
MN
UT
MI
ND
NE
OR
HI
HI
DC
ME
MN
Growth Rate
Replacement Need (in percent)
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Pers
onal a
nd
Hom
e C
are
Aid
es
78 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Figure 66 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Highest Wage Gain
Delaware District of Columbia California Vermont Wyoming
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Lowest Wage Gain
South Dakota Mississippi Connecticut Tennessee Nevada
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
-07
$19
790
$21
630
$21
100
$19
760
$17
280
$39
050
$57
980
$41
980
$34
650
$32
510
321 314 263 198 197
24
-15 -21 -29 -35
$29
080
$28
630
$44
400
$32
730
$34
300
$17
300
$14
190
$20
870
$16
250
$17
670
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 79
Mental Health CounselorsClinical mental health counselors
Mental health counselors
Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers
Alcoholism workers
Clinical social workers
Community mental health workers
Drug abuse workers
Marriage and family social workers
Private practice social workers
Psychiatric social workers
Psychotherapist social workers
Supervisors social work
Psychiatric Aides Charge aides
Charge attendants
Mental health aides
Mental retardation aides
Neuropsychiatric aides
Psychiatric aides
Psychiatric attendants
Psychiatric orderlies
Psychiatric Technicians Technicians mental health
Technicians psychiatric
Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors
Addiction counselors
Alcoholic counselors
Certifi ed abuse and drug addiction
counselors
Certifi ed alcohol and drug counselors
Certifi ed alcohol counselors
Certifi ed drug counselors
Certifi ed substance abuse counselors
Chemical dependency counselors
Drug abuse counselors
Drug and alcohol testers
Drug counselors
Human relations counselors drug or
alcohol abuse
Substance abuse counselors
Technicians drug abuse
Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles Frontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles
Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles
Mental Health Counselors
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Menta
l Health
Counselo
rs
80 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Additional Findings
bull More than 60 of rural Americans live in designated mental health professional shortage areas (Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education Mental Health Program 2004)
bull Mental health counselors work in a variety of settings including outpatient care centers individual and family services and local government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)
Projected Growth Annual Openings
2002 85000 4198 Average Annual Openings2012 107000
26 Mental Health Counselors Percent of Annual Openings Due to
148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 538 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 462 Replacements
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Figure 67 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
Per capita employment (per 100000)
4624ndash143452642ndash46131992ndash2614617ndash1985Data not available
CA
AK
HI
NV
UT
AZ NM
CO
TX
OK
NE
KS
SD
ND
MN
IA
MO
AR
LAMS AL
TNNC
VAKY
WI
MI
IL INOH
VTNH
ME
MARI
CTNJ
DEMDDC
NY
PA
WV
GA
FL
WY
MT
ID
OR
WA
(Median = 2642)
SC
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Menta
l Health
Counselo
rs
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 81
Figure 68 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
MI
DC
AZ
UT
MO
ID
IL
NC
AL
High
MarylandMissouriArizonaIdahoSouth Dakota
458
453
448
411
383
Low
MassachusettsDistrict of ColumbiaMichiganIllinoisLouisiana
141
117
90
90
60
High
HawaiiLouisianaIllinoisMichiganWyoming
1000
750
720
719
700
Low
ArizonaIdahoUtahMarylandMissouri
340
333
333
328
314
AZ
ID
MI
IL
LA
SD
MO
HI
HI
DCMD
MA
MD
LA
WY
Growth Rate
Replacement Need (in percent)
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Menta
l Health
Counselo
rs
82 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Figure 69 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Highest Wage Gain
Idaho Iowa West Virginia Mississippi South Carolina
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Lowest Wage Gain
Colorado Nebraska Wisconsin Nevada Utah
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
-07
$68
270
$40
620
$34
500
$36
630
$36
720
$32
770
$31
990
$30
470
$28
630
$31
940
1094 862 599 484 426
51
-01-30
-63 -130
$39
820
$33
060
$35
240
$34
300
$34
110
$35
680
$34
230
$45
110
$40
150
$29
120
Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles
Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Menta
l Health
and
Sub
sta
nce A
buse S
ocia
l Work
ers
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 83
Additional Findings
bull There is an observed potential disconnect particularly in California between the social work services offered and the needs of a population that is culturally diverse and aging (McRee et al 2003)
bull Making mental health and substance abuse care available in rural areas is increasingly important although recruiting to rural areas is particularly diffi cult due to professional isolation lower salaries and limited career opportunities for spouses (Kimerling 2002)
bull Mental health and substance abuse social workers work in a variety of settings including individual and family services outpatient care centers residential mental health facilities local government institutions and psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)
Projected Growth Annual Openings
2002 95000 4901 Average Annual Openings2012 128000
35 Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers
Percent of Annual Openings Due to
148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 668 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 332 Replacements
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Figure 70 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
Per capita employment (per 100000)
5102ndash105953525ndash44562312ndash3501722ndash2273
CA
AK
HI
NV
UT
AZ NM
CO
TX
OK
NE
KS
SD
ND
MN
IA
MO
AR
LAMS AL
TNNC
VAKY
WI
MI
IL INOH
VTNH
ME
MARI
CTNJ
DEMDDC
NY
PA
WV
GA
FL
WY
MT
ID
OR
WA
(Median = 3513)
SC
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Menta
l Health
and
Sub
sta
nce A
buse S
ocia
l Work
ers
84 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Figure 71 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
DC
NV
GA
AR
KS
High
GeorgiaIdahoSouth DakotaNew MexicoArkansas
600
567
467
463
459
Low
District of ColumbiaWashingtonWest VirginiaNorth DakotaLouisiana
152
150
132
123
107
High
North DakotaLouisianaWest VirginiaWashingtonDistrict of Columbia
600
567
548
547
500
Low
ArkansasKansasMassachusettsGeorgiaNevada
267
254
250
233
00
NM
ID
ND
WA
LA
SD
AR
GA
HI
HI
DCWV
MA
LA
WV
ND
WA
Growth Rate
Replacement Need (in percent)
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Menta
l Health
and
Sub
sta
nce A
buse S
ocia
l Work
ers
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 85
Figure 72 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Highest Wage Gain
Nevada Arizona Kansas Utah West Virginia
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Lowest Wage Gain
New Mexico Virginia Alaska Georgia Wyoming
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
-07
$54
070
$34
450
$36
450
$40
190
$23
400
$34
300
$34
880
$33
780
$34
110
$30
470
472 378 282 277 261
-56-44 -102 -142 -264
$33
000
$39
130
$42
170
$35
840
$32
510
$32
290
$39
160
$31
960
$33
200
$25
190
Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles
Psychiatric Aides
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Psychia
tric A
ides
86 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Additional Findings
bull There is often very little formal training required for psychiatric aides although many do take part in informal on-the-job training and instruction lasting from several days to several months (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)
bull Psychiatric aides work primarily in psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals residential mental health facilities and medical and surgical hospitals (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)
Projected Growth Annual Openings
2002 59000 1636 Average Annual Openings2012 68000
15 Psychiatric Aides Percent of Annual Openings Due to
148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 526 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 474 Replacements
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Figure 73 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
Per capita employment (per 100000)
2888ndash145032002ndash28461306ndash1920249ndash1159Data not available
CA
AK
HI
NV
UT
AZ NM
TX
OK
NE
KS
SD
ND
MN
MO
AR
LAMS AL
TNNC
VAKY
WI
MI
ILOH
VTNH
ME
MARI
CTNJ
DEMDDC
NY
PA
WV
GA
FL
WY
MT
ID
OR
WA
(Median = 2002)
SC
CO
IA
IN
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Psychia
tric A
ides
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 87
Figure 74 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
MI
KY
LA
NY
PA
DC
AZAR
WI
High
ArizonaUtahArkansasNevadaIdaho
517
372
370
350
319
Low
ConnecticutKentuckyDelawareMichiganLouisiana
32
18
00
00
00
High
LouisianaMichiganKentuckyNew YorkPennsylvania
1000
1000
833
778
755
Low
ArkansasWisconsinArizonaConnecticutDelaware
250
250
211
00
00
NV
AZ AR
ID
UT
MI
KY
LA
HI
HI
DC
DE
CT
CT
DE
Growth Rate
Replacement Need (in percent)
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Psychia
tric A
ides
88 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Figure 75 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Highest Wage Gain
Maine West Virginia Louisiana Alaska Massachusetts
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Lowest Wage Gain
Virginia Michigan Tennessee Florida Ohio
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
-07
$27
710
$18
610
$19
600
$33
850
$27
960
$33
480
$30
470
$31
230
$42
170
$45
290
260 224 208 202 202
-72-59 -79 -100 -280
$39
130
$39
590
$32
730
$33
750
$35
910
$21
770
$25
780
$20
180
$19
780
$20
210
Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles
Psychiatric Technicians
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Psychia
tric Te
chnic
ians
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 89
Additional Findings
bull As of 2004 only four states (California Colorado Kansas and Arkansas) license psychiatric technicians (California Association of Psychiatric Technicians 2004)
bull Psychiatric technicians work primarily in psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals state government institutions and medical and surgical hospitals (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)
Projected Growth Annual Openings
2002 60000 1134 Average Annual Openings2012 63000
5 Psychiatric Technicians Percent of Annual Openings Due to
148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 312 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 688 Replacements
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Figure 76 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
Per capita employment (per 100000)
2381ndash90501675ndash2334933ndash1634229ndash921Data not available
CA
AK
HI
UT
AZ
TX
OK
NE
KS
SD
ND
MN
AR
LAMS AL
TNNC
VAKY
WI
MI
ILOH
VT
ME
MARI
CTNJ
DEMDDC
NY
PA
WV
GA
FL
MT
ID
OR
WA
(Median = 1654)
SC
CO
IA
INNV
NM
MO
NH
WY
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Psychia
tric Te
chnic
ians
90 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Figure 77 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
MI
KY
LA
IL
DC
AZ
GA
NC
UT
MT
High
ArizonaNorth CarolinaMontanaNew JerseyMinnesota
451
398
377
375
330
Low
MichiganIllinoisNebraskaDistrict of ColumbiaKentucky
00
00
00
00
00
High
District of ColumbiaIllinoisKentuckyLouisianaMichigan
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
Low
UtahGeorgiaNorth CarolinaMontanaArizona
333
300
267
250
219
AZ
NC
MTMN
MI
KY
IL
NE
HI
HI
DC
NJ
Growth Rate
Replacement Need (in percent)
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Psychia
tric Te
chnic
ians
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 91
Figure 78 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Highest Wage Gain
Idaho New Mexico Arizona Iowa Texas
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Lowest Wage Gain
Virginia New Jersey Mississippi Minnesota Oklahoma
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
-07
$27
250
$24
080
$28
410
$26
140
$23
540
$32
770
$33
000
$34
880
$31
990
$35
310
430 407 376 359 321
07
-01 -04 -10 -68
$39
130
$43
040
$28
630
$39
840
$31
150
$22
870
$33
690
$19
790
$28
000
$23
400
Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles
Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Sub
sta
nce A
buse a
nd
Behavio
ral D
isord
er C
ounselo
rs
92 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Additional Findings
bull It is estimated that more than half of substance abuse treatment professionals are female although 68 of the client population is male Similarly 85 of substance abuse treatment professionals are white compared with a client base that is only 56 white (Mulvey Hubbard and Hayashi 2003)
bull A study of directors and key staff from 175 drug and alcohol treatment programs found particularly high levels of staff turnover among counselors and upper management positions such as program directors (McLellan Carise and Kleber 2003)
bull Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors work in a variety of settings including outpatient care centers residential mental health facilities individual and family services and local government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)
Projected Growth Annual Openings
2002 67000 3095 Average Annual Openings2012 83000
24 Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors
Percent of Annual Openings Due to
148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 504 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 496 Replacements
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Figure 79 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
Per capita employment (per 100000)
3511ndash131062184ndash34471797ndash2183920ndash1774
(Median = 2184)
CA
AK
HI
NV
UT
AZ NM
CO
TX
OK
NE
KS
SD
ND
MN
IA
MO
AR
LAMS AL
TNNC
SC
VAKY
WI
MI
IL INOH
VTNH
ME
MARI
CTNJ
DEMDDC
NY
PA
WV
GA
FL
WY
MT
ID
OR
WA
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Sub
sta
nce A
buse a
nd
Behavio
ral D
isord
er C
ounselo
rs
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 93
Figure 80 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
High
ArizonaUtahKansasNevadaArkansas
400
400
393
360
345
Low
South CarolinaLouisianaDistrict of ColumbiaMichiganNorth Dakota
89
85
82
76
48
High
North DakotaWest VirginiaMichiganLouisianaDistrict of Columbia
857
800
771
750
739
Low
WisconsinCaliforniaArizonaKansasUtah
400
373
361
353
333
NV
UT
AZ
KS
ND
AR
LA
MI
DC
SC
CA UT
AZ
KS
ND
WI
LA
MI
DC
SC
Growth Rate
Replacement Need (in percent)
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Sub
sta
nce A
buse a
nd
Behavio
ral D
isord
er C
ounselo
rs
94 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Figure 81 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Highest Wage Gain
$38
880
$42
630
$31
740
$39
160
$47
450
$37
450
$34
880
$31
150
$34
300
$43
040
775 584 525 509 399
New Hampshire Arizona Oklahoma Nevada New Jersey
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Lowest Wage Gain
$34
110
$39
050
$34
650
$35
240
$36
750
Utah Delaware Vermont Wisconsin Hawaii
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
09 -52 -87 -138-26
$35
400
$32
910
$38
220
$37
930
$34
510
Child Family and School Social Workers
Adoption agents
Adoption workers
Child abuse workers
Child and family services workers
Child consultants
Child development consultants
Child welfare consultants
Child welfare workers
Childrenrsquos counselors
Family preservation workers
Foster care workers
Juvenile officers
Protective services social workers
School social workers
Dental Assistants Aides ns
Assistants dental
Assistants dentist excluding clerical
Assistants orthodontist
Attendants ns
Dental aides
Dentist attendants
Helpers dentist
Dietetic Technicians Technicians dietary
Technicians dietetic
Technicians food service
Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses
LP nurses
LPN (licensed practical nurses)
LVN (licensed vocational nurses)
Licensed attendants
Licensed practical nurses
Licensed vocational nurses
Maternity nurses
Nurses other specified or ns
high school diploma or some college
and no degree
Nurses LPN
Nurses practical
Practical nurses
Private duty nurses practical
TPN (trained practical nurses)
Trained practical nurses
Vocational nurses
Medical TranscriptionistsMedical stenographers
Medical transcribers
Medical transcriptionists
Occupational Therapist AssistantsAssistants occupational therapy
Occupational therapy ns
associate degree
Technicians occupational therapy
Pharmacy Aides Assistants dispensary
Assistants pharmacist
Assistants pharmacy
Dispensary attendants
Drug clerks
Helpers pharmacist
Helpers pharmacy
Pharmacistrsquos aides
Pharmacy clerks
Prescription clerks
Physical Therapist AidesPhysical therapy ns
less than associate degree
Physical therapy aides
Physical therapy attendants
Physiotherapy aides
Physical Therapist AssistantsAssistants physical therapisttherapy
Physical therapy ns associate degree
Technicians physical therapy
Recreational Therapists Activity therapists
Recreational therapists
Therapeutic recreation specialists
Rehabilitation Counselors Coordinators of rehabilitation services
Directors of rehabilitation
Homemaking rehabilitation consultants
Psychosocial rehabilitation counselors
Rehabilitation counselors
Residence counselors
Veterans rehabilitation counselors
Occupatio
nal P
rofi
les
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profile of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 95
Other Frontline Occupational RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles
ns = not specified
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Child
Fam
ily a
nd
School S
ocia
l Work
ers
96 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Other Frontline Occupational Roles
Child Family and School Social Workers
Additional Findings
bull The estimated annual turnover rate among child social workers employed in private child-serving agencies (eg group homes residential treatment centers and home-based counseling programs) is reported to be as high as 40 (Annie E Casey Foundation 2004)
bull School social workers make up only 5 of the total social worker profession and tend to be professionalized as their own subgroup of social workers (National Association of Social Workers 2004)
bull Child family and school social workers work in a variety of settings including state government institutions local government institutions individual and family services and elementary and secondary schools (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)
Projected Growth Annual Openings
2002 274000 11057 Average Annual Openings2012 338000
23 Child Family and School Social Workers Percent of Annual Openings Due to
148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 575 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 425 Replacements
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Figure 82 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
Per capita employment (per 100000)
12717ndash2233110323ndash126377335ndash102381936ndash7117
(Median = 10280)
CA
AK
HI
NV
UT
AZ NM
CO
TX
OK
NE
KS
SD
ND
MN
IA
MO
AR
LAMS AL
TNNC
SC
VAKY
WI
MI
IL INOH
VTNH
ME
MARI
CTNJ
DEMDDC
NY
PA
WV
GA
FL
WY
MT
ID
OR
WA
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Child
Fam
ily a
nd
School S
ocia
l Work
ers
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 97
Figure 83 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
MI
LA
OK
DC
NV
ID
KS
UT
High
NevadaIdahoUtahNew MexicoArizona
411
381
353
313
303
Low
IllinoisOklahomaLouisianaDistrict of ColumbiaMichigan
122
107
102
83
66
High
MichiganDistrict of ColumbiaLouisianaOklahomaHawaii
719
679
620
613
600
Low
UtahKansasNevadaIdahoWyoming
333
326
290
286
100
AZNM
ID
UTNV
MI
IL
OK
LA
HI
HI
DC
WY
Growth Rate
Replacement Need (in percent)
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Child
Fam
ily a
nd
School S
ocia
l Work
ers
98 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Figure 84 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Highest Wage Gain
Wyoming Montana Massachusetts New Hampshire North Dakota
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Lowest Wage Gain
Mississippi District of Columbia Oregon New Mexico Idaho
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
-07
$33
800
$32
640
$45
800
$38
870
$38
010
$32
510
$29
880
$45
290
$37
450
$30
620
423 365 317 260 259
41 3715
-68 -167
$28
630
$57
980
$36
980
$33
000
$32
770
$29
380
$37
870
$35
710
$28
850
$32
340
Other Frontline Occupational Roles
Dental Assistants
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Denta
l Assis
tants
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 99
Additional Findings
bull Currently there are no national guidelines governing dental assistant practice in the United States though dental assistants may become certifi ed through passing the Certifi ed Dental Assistant examination (American Dental Assistants Association 2005)
bull Dental assistants can be trained through a variety of sources including accredited programs non-accredited postsecondary programs in-offi ce training courses state dental board approved courses and on-the-job training (American Dental Assistants Association 2005)
bull Dental assistants work almost exclusively in offi ces of dentists while a very small percentage work in physiciansrsquo offi ces or a federal government institution (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004))
Projected Growth Annual Openings
2002 266000 18735 Average Annual Openings2012 379000
43 Dental Assistants Percent of Annual Openings Due to
148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 603 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 397 Replacements
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Figure 85 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
Per capita employment (per 100000)
10197ndash147439288ndash101797939ndash92313479ndash7696Data not available
(Median = 9260)
CA
AK
HI
NV
UT
AZ NM
CO
TX
OK
NE
KS
SD
ND
MN
IA
MO
AR
LAMS AL
TNNC
SC
VAKY
WI
MI
IL INOH
VTNH
ME
MARI
CTNJ
DEMDDC
NY
PA
WV
GA
FL
WY
MT
ID
OR
WA
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Denta
l Assis
tants
100 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Figure 86 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
MI
NE
WA
DCCA
AZ
ID
KS
High
ArizonaGeorgiaCaliforniaIdahoTennessee
700
607
571
569
563
Low
IllinoisHawaiiWashingtonNebraskaConnecticut
243
230
218
218
165
High
ConnecticutHawaiiWashingtonNebraskaMichigan
620
600
580
556
537
Low
CaliforniaIdahoArizonaKansasWyoming
328
327
286
286
200
AZ
CA
TN
GA
ID
IL
WA
NE
HI
HI
DC
CT
WY CT
Growth Rate
Replacement Need (in percent)
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Denta
l Assis
tants
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 101
Figure 87 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Highest Wage Gain
New Hampshire Arizona South Dakota West Virginia Maryland
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Lowest Wage Gain
Texas Washington Idaho Alaska District of Columbia
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
-07
$35
540
$32
080
$26
360
$26
070
$32
050
$37
450
$34
880
$29
080
$30
470
$41
360
545 409 395 363 291
17 09
-06 -59 -75
$35
310
$40
860
$32
770
$42
170
$57
980
$27
550
$32
670
$29
050
$34
240
$36
930
Other Frontline Occupational Roles
Dietetic Technicians
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Die
tetic
Technic
ians
102 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Additional Findings
bull Each state varies in its regulation of dietetic technicians through licensure statutory certifi cation or registration (Commission on Dietetic Registration 2006)
bull A majority of dietetic technicians work in medical and surgical hospitals or nursing care facilities while others work in community care facilities for the elderly (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)
Projected Growth Annual Openings
2002 29000 969 Average Annual Openings2012 35000
21 Dietetic Technicians Percent of Annual Openings Due to
148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 608 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 392 Replacements
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Figure 88 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
Per capita employment (per 100000)
1285ndash3707983ndash1248686ndash975199ndash679Data not available
(Median = 979)
CA
AK
HI
NV
UT
AZ NM
CO
TX
OK
NE
KS
ND
MN
IA
MO
AR
LAMS AL
TNNC
SC
VAKY
WI
MI
IL INOH
NH
ME
MARI
CTNJ
DEMDDC
NY
PA
WV
GA
FL
MT
ID
OR
WA
SD
VT
WY
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Die
tetic
Technic
ians
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 103
Figure 89 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
SC
WV
LA
DC
UT
AZ
MS
FL
NC
High
ArizonaIdahoNevadaUtahNew Mexico
489
434
400
391
353
Low
OhioSouth CarolinaMarylandWest VirginiaDistrict of Columbia
119
114
107
57
16
High
District of ColumbiaNew JerseyWest VirginiaLouisianaSouth Carolina
1000
1000
1000
600
600
Low
FloridaMississippiNorth CarolinaArizonaUtah
320
286
250
218
00
AZNM
ID
UTNV OH
WV
NC
HI
HI
DCMD
NJ
Growth Rate
Replacement Need (in percent)
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Die
tetic
Technic
ians
104 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Figure 90 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Highest Wage Gain
Utah Idaho Massachusetts Nevada Alabama
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Lowest Wage Gain
West Virginia Arizona South Carolina Arkansas Georgia
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
-07
$23
880
$24
840
$32
100
$34
520
$23
790
$34
110
$32
770
$45
290
$34
300
$31
940
429 424 420 399 368
-43 -79 -96 -159 -235
$30
470
$34
880
$31
940
$29
560
$35
840
$21
620
$19
950
$19
250
$18
930
$22
940
Other Frontline Occupational Roles
Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Lic
ensed
Pra
ctic
al a
nd
Lic
ensed
Vocatio
nal N
urs
es
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 105
Additional Findings
bull While there are some similarities across states in the implementation of the Nursing Practice Act the historic legislation on scope of practice and responsibilities for registered nurses there is also a great deal of state level variation in practice requirements regulations and tasks for licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses (Seago et al 2004)
bull Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses work in a variety of settings including nursing care facilities medical and surgical hospitals offi ces of physicians and home health care services (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)
Projected Growth Annual Openings
2002 702000 29480 Average Annual Openings2012 844000
20 Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses
Percent of Annual Openings Due to
148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 481 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 519 Replacements
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Figure 91 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
Per capita employment (per 100000)
31314ndash4705624993ndash3121017677ndash249558114ndash17519Data not available
(Median = 24974)
CA
AK
HI
NV
UT
AZ NM
CO
TX
OK
NE
KS
ND
MN
IA
MO
AR
LAMS AL
TNNC
SC
VAKY
WI
MI
IL INOH
ME
MARI
CTNJ
DEMDDC
NY
PA
WV
GA
FL
MT
ID
OR
WA
SD
VT
WY
NH
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Lic
ensed
Pra
ctic
al a
nd
Lic
ensed
Vocatio
nal N
urs
es
106 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Figure 92 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
SC
PA
ND
DC
UT
ID
NV
AZ
FL
High
ArizonaNevadaIdahoUtahFlorida
392
369
340
316
268
Low
PennsylvaniaNorth DakotaConnecticutSouth CarolinaDistrict of Columbia
82
63
62
14
00
High
District of ColumbiaSouth CarolinaConnecticutNorth DakotaPennsylvania
1000
949
781
773
727
Low
FloridaIdahoNevadaUtahArizona
449
388
375
375
357
AZ
FL
ID
UTNV
ND
SC
PA
HI
HI
DC
CT
CT
Growth Rate
Replacement Need (in percent)
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Lic
ensed
Pra
ctic
al a
nd
Lic
ensed
Vocatio
nal N
urs
es
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 107
Figure 93 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Highest Wage Gain
District of Columbia New Jersey New Mexico South Carolina Maryland
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Lowest Wage Gain
Indiana Tennessee Texas Rhode Island Kansas
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
-07
$48
370
$46
010
$38
030
$34
960
$44
110
$57
980
$43
040
$33
000
$31
940
$41
360
406 279 273 269 227
121 119 115 105 101$33
820
$32
730
$35
310
$38
240
$33
780
$34
440
$30
940
$34
260
$42
730
$31
710
Other Frontline Occupational Roles
Medical Transcriptionists
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Med
ical T
ranscrip
tionis
ts
108 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Additional Findings
bull Optional medical transcriptionist certifi cation is offered through the American Association of Medical Transcription (AAMT) While certifi cation is encouraged and understood as a verifi cation of standard training it is not required for employment As of February 2004 approximately one-third (2840) of the 7450 medical transcriptionists registered with the AAMT were certifi ed
bull Outsourcing of medical transcription overseas has become increasingly common Nearly 50 of the current contract transcription market demand is outsourced to a specialized vendor community and an estimated 8ndash10 of all con-tract transcription from the US health care industry is done overseas (Medical Transcription Industry Alliance 2003)
bull Medical transcriptionists work primarily in medical and surgical hospitals and offi ces of physicians (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)
Projected Growth Annual Openings
2002 101000 4146 Average Annual Openings2012 124000
23 Medical Transcriptionists Percent of Annual Openings Due to
148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 550 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 450 Replacements
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Figure 94 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
Per capita employment (per 100000)
4824ndash99813561ndash48012957ndash35431614ndash2891Data not available
(Median = 3552)
CA
AK
HI
NV
UT
AZ NM
CO
TX
OK
NE
KS
ND
MN
IA
MO
AR
LAMS AL
TNNC
SC
VAKY
WI
MI
IL INOH
ME
MARI
CTNJ
DEMDDC
NY
PA
WV
GA
FL
MT
ID
OR
WA
SD
VT
WY
NH
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Med
ical T
ranscrip
tionis
ts
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 109
Figure 95 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
SC
PA
DC
UT
ID
NMAZ
FL
High
ArizonaUtahIdahoKansasNevada
412
371
370
364
343
Low
Rhode IslandPennsylvaniaSouth CarolinaNebraskaDistrict of Columbia
116
116
109
86
59
High
WyomingDistrict of ColumbiaSouth CarolinaNebraskaPennsylvania
800
750
725
692
612
Low
New MexicoFloridaIdahoArizonaUtah
367
352
333
314
250
AZ
KS
ID
UTNV NE
PA
SC
HI
HI
DC
RI
WY
NE
Growth Rate
Replacement Need (in percent)
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Med
ical T
ranscrip
tionis
ts
110 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Figure 96 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Highest Wage Gain
Massachusetts Kansas Colorado Tennessee Delaware
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Lowest Wage Gain
New Mexico Oklahoma Maryland Nevada Hawaii
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
$36
850
$27
560
$34
440
$28
310
$30
270
$45
290
$33
780
$39
820
$32
730
$39
050
298 298 297 245 219
-30
59
-15
12 059 $33
000
$31
150
$41
360
$34
300
$36
750
$25
890
$23
650
$33
960
$32
900
$32
050
Other Frontline Occupational Roles
Occupational Therapist Assistants
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Occup
atio
nal T
hera
pis
t Assis
tants
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 111
Additional Findings
bull Occupational therapist assistants may be trained in either a two-year associate degree program or a one-year certifi cate program available at two- and four-year colleges and universities or postsecondary vocationaltechnical schools and institutions (American Medical Association 2005)
bull Occupational therapist assistants work in a variety of settings including offi ces of health practitioners medical and surgical hospitals and nursing care facilities (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)
Projected Growth Annual Openings
2002 18000 958 Average Annual Openings2012 26000
44 Occupational Therapist Assistants Percent of Annual Openings Due to
148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 756 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 244 Replacements
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Figure 97 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
Per capita employment (per 100000)
784ndash4915578ndash757486ndash576248ndash449Data not available
(Median = 577)
CA
AK
HI
NV
UT
AZ NM
CO
TX
OK
NE
KS
ND
MN
MO
AR
LAMS AL
TNNC
SC
VA
WI
MI
IL INOH
ME
MARI
CTNJ
DEMDDC
NY
PA
WV
GA
FL
MT
ID
OR
WA
SD
WY
NH
IA
KY
VT
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Occup
atio
nal T
hera
pis
t Assis
tants
112 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Figure 98 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
SC
TN
NJ
DC
OR
FL
NMAZ
UT
ID
High
VirginiaArkansasUtahArizonaCalifornia
599
593
571
548
538
Low
OregonConnecticutSouth CarolinaDistrict of ColumbiaNew Jersey
200
194
129
00
00
High
OregonSouth CarolinaMontanaNew JerseyTennessee
600
600
500
500
500
Low
New MexicoFloridaIdahoArizonaUtah
100
100
100
00
00
AZ AR
VA
UTCA
OR
SC
HI
HI
DC
CT
NJ
MT
Growth Rate
Replacement Need (in percent)
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Occup
atio
nal T
hera
pis
t Assis
tants
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 113
Figure 99 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Highest Wage Gain
North Carolina Nebraska Utah Michigan Maryland
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Lowest Wage Gain
Wyoming Louisiana Georgia Tennessee Illinois
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
-07
$40
480
$33
010
$39
840
$39
480
$40
660
$34
120
$33
060
$34
110
$39
590
$41
360
448 400 319 317 287
-45 -63 -73 -81 -93
$32
510
$31
230
$35
840
$32
730
$38
580
$28
500
$37
930
$33
380
$43
700
$31
800
Other Frontline Occupational Roles
Pharmacy Aides
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Pharm
acy A
ides
114 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Additional Findings
bull According to a 1999 study of pharmacy activity costs over 55 of pharmacy aide time is spent on prescription transactions with customers (Arthur Andersen 1999)
bull Similar to pharmacy technicians pharmacy aides are employed primarily in retail settings such as health and personal care stores and grocery stores (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)
Projected Growth Annual Openings
2002 60000 2175 Average Annual Openings2012 71000
18 Pharmacy Aides Percent of Annual Openings Due to
148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 487 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 513 Replacements
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Figure 100 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
Per capita employment (per 100000)
2328ndash34171822ndash22391444ndash1815253ndash1423Data not available
(Median = 1819)
CA
AK
HI
NV
UT
AZ NM
CO
TX
OK
NE
KS
ND
MN
MO
AR
LAMS AL
TNNC
SC
VA
WI
MI
IL INOH
ME
MARI
CTNJ
DEMDDC
NY
PA
WV
GA
FL
MT
ID
WA
SD
WY
NH
IA
KY
VTOR
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Pharm
acy A
ides
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 115
Figure 101 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
DC
DE
VT
LA
IN
MA
WV
AZ
UT
High
NevadaColoradoAlaskaArizonaUtah
464
420
400
336
333
Low
MaineNew YorkWest VirginiaWyomingDistrict of Columbia
98
86
41
00
00
High
District of ColumbiaWest VirginiaMassachusettsLouisianaIndiana
1000
875
704
700
675
Low
DelawareNevadaArizonaVermontHawaii
385
350
348
333
00
AZ
AK
UTNV
CO
WY
ME
NY
WV
HI
HI
DC
Growth Rate
Replacement Need (in percent)
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Pharm
acy A
ides
116 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Figure 102 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Highest Wage Gain
Texas Idaho Wyoming Vermont Illinois
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Lowest Wage Gain
California Florida North Dakota North Carolina South Carolina
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
-07
$21
980
$24
320
$23
200
$19
750
$24
300
$35
310
$32
770
$32
510
$34
650
$38
580
368 366 316 298 253
-37 -56 -90 -106 -121
$41
980
$33
750
$30
620
$34
120
$31
940
$23
050
$17
550
$16
730
$17
480
$15
740
Other Frontline Occupational Roles
Physical Therapist Aides
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Physic
al T
hera
pis
t Aid
es
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 117
Additional Findings
bull The data available on physical therapist aidesmdashone of the smaller frontline occupational groups profi led in this chartbookmdashare in conjunction with or subsumed within information on physical therapist assistants
bull Similar to physical therapist assistants physical therapist aides work in a variety of settings including offi ces of health practitioners medical and surgical hospitals and nursing care facilities (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)
Projected Growth Annual Openings
2002 37000 2332 Average Annual Openings2012 54000
46 Physical Therapist Aides Percent of Annual Openings Due to
148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 735 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 265 Replacements
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Figure 103 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
Per capita employment (per 100000)
1615ndash30291348ndash1552966ndash1347302ndash950Data not available
(Median = 1347)
CA
AK
HI
NV
UT
AZ NM
CO
TX
OK
NE
KS
ND
MN
MO
AR
LAMS AL
TNNC
VA
WI
MI
IL INOH
ME
MARI
CTNJ
DEMDDC
NY
PA
WV
GA
FL
MT
ID
WA
SDNH
IA
KY
VTOR
SC
WY
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Physic
al T
hera
pis
t Aid
es
118 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Figure 104 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
DC
WA
OR
CO
NM
NC
WIID
UT
High
IdahoArizonaCaliforniaVirginiaUtah
668
647
619
590
571
Low
OregonNebraskaWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaRhode Island
242
231
204
57
51
High
District of ColumbiaRhode IslandOregonWashingtonColorado
1000
800
550
500
458
Low
New MexicoNorth CarolinaWisconsinIdahoUtah
200
200
200
176
00
UTCA
ID
NE
WA
OR
HI
HI
DC
RI
AZ
VA
RI
Growth Rate
Replacement Need (in percent)
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Physic
al T
hera
pis
t Aid
es
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 119
Figure 105 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Highest Wage Gain
Delaware Montana Texas Virginia Illinois
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Lowest Wage Gain
Florida Hawaii Indiana South Carolina Rhode Island
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
-07
$28
020
$23
710
$25
800
$22
100
$26
020
$39
050
$29
880
$35
310
$39
130
$38
580
453 391 391 241 225
-19 -19-101 -259 -343
$33
750
$36
750
$33
820
$31
940
$38
240
$20
880
$25
070
$22
150
$20
100
$21
430
Other Frontline Occupational Roles
Physical Therapist Assistants
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Physic
al T
hera
pis
t Assis
tants
120 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Additional Findings
bull Typical training for physical therapist assistants does not provide approved prerequisites to move into a physical therapist role Those interested in advancing their career can do so through an accredited physical therapist assistant to physical therapist (PTA-PT) program (wwwallalliedhealthschoolscom 2006)
bull Licensure is not mandatory for physical therapist assistants licensing and certifi cation requirements vary from state to state (American Medical Association 2005)
bull Physical therapist assistants work in a variety of settings including offi ces of health practitioners medical and surgical hospitals and nursing care facilities (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)
Projected Growth Annual Openings
2002 50000 3077 Average Annual Openings2012 73000
46 Physical Therapist Assistants Percent of Annual Openings Due to
148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 728 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 272 Replacements
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Figure 106 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
Per capita employment (per 100000)
2233ndash31771802ndash21301296ndash1747780ndash1243
(Median = 1802)
CA
AK
HI
NV
UT
AZ NM
CO
TX
OK
NE
KS
SD
ND
MN
IA
MO
AR
LAMS AL
TNNC
SC
VAKY
WI
MI
IL INOH
VTNH
ME
MARI
CTNJ
DEMDDC
NY
PA
WV
GA
FL
WY
MT
ID
OR
WA
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Physic
al T
hera
pis
t Assis
tants
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 121
Figure 107 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
DC
OR
CO
OKSC
AZ
UT
AR
ID
MT
High
ArizonaIdahoArkansasWyomingUtah
640
635
610
600
583
Low
OregonConnecticutWashingtonSouth CarolinaDistrict of Columbia
265
255
217
214
143
High
OregonDistrict of ColumbiaColoradoOklahomaSouth Carolina
567
500
460
450
450
Low
IdahoMontanaArizonaArkansasUtah
231
222
209
205
00
UT
WY
ID
SC
WA
OR
HI
HI
DC
CT
AZ AR
Growth Rate
Replacement Need (in percent)
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Physic
al T
hera
pis
t Assis
tants
122 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Figure 108 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Highest Wage Gain
Louisiana Nebraska Maryland Idaho Nevada
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Lowest Wage Gain
Missouri New Mexico Minnesota Hawaii Georgia
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
$39
540
$36
640
$41
560
$37
190
$42
870
$31
230
$33
060
$41
360
$32
770
$34
300
596 401 395 369 254
-27
17
-10
16-01$3
446
0
$33
000
$39
840
$36
750
$35
840
$35
600
$32
060
$33
570
$33
030
$37
740
Other Frontline Occupational Roles
Recreational Therapists
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Recre
atio
nal T
hera
pis
ts
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 123
Additional Findings
bull Employers and national regulatory and accreditation organizations increasingly use National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certifi cation (NCTRC) as a criterion for employment and as a preferred entry-level credential for recreational therapists (2004)
bull Recreational therapists work in a variety of settings including nursing care facilities medical and surgical hospitals psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals and state government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)
Projected Growth Annual Openings
2002 27000 880 Average Annual Openings2012 29000
7 Recreational Therapists Percent of Annual Openings Due to
148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 275 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 725 Replacements
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Figure 109 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
Per capita employment (per 100000)
1384ndash29501038ndash1365626ndash974314ndash502Data not available
CA
AK
HI
UT
AZ NM
CO
TX
OK
NE
KS
SD
ND
MN
IA
MO
AR
LAMS AL
TNNC
VAKY
WI
MI
IL INOH
VTNH
ME
MARI
CTNJ
DEMDDC
NY
PA
WV
GA
FL
MT
ID
OR
WA
(Median = 1006)
NV
SC
WY
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Recre
atio
nal T
hera
pis
ts
124 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Figure 110 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
DC
LA
ND
MI
ID
UTCO
AZ
IA
High
ArizonaColoradaUtahIdahoNew Mexico
312
290
276
218
214
Low
New JerseyDistrict of ColumbiaMichiganNorth DakotaLouisiana
00
00
00
00
00
High
LouisianaDistrict of ColumbiaMichiganNew JerseyNorth Dakota
1000
1000
1000
1000
1000
Low
UtahColoradoArizonaIdahoIowa
500
438
409
400
00
UTCO
ID
HI
HI
DC
NJ
LA
ND
MI
AZ NM
NJ
Growth Rate
Replacement Need (in percent)
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Recre
atio
nal T
hera
pis
ts
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 125
Figure 111 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Highest Wage Gain
Wyoming New Hamphire Vermont Illinois Colorado
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Lowest Wage Gain
Oklahoma North Dakota South Carolina Rhode Island New Mexico
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
$38
410
$37
190
$44
910
$32
350
$34
160
$32
510
$37
450
$34
650
$38
580
$39
820
670 451 435 344 342
-135
15
-68
06
-57
$31
150
$30
620
$31
940
$38
240
$33
000
$30
530
$28
370
$26
010
$33
140
$28
540
Other Frontline Occupational Roles
Rehabilitation Counselors
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Rehab
ilitatio
n C
ounselo
rs
126 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Additional Findings
bull The Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certifi cation (CRCC) has certifi ed more than 35000 counselors since its inception in 1974 To sit for the certifi cation exam applicants must have a masterrsquos degree or be currently enrolled in an accredited masterrsquos program (2006)
bull The role of rehabilitation counselors has expanded to include aiding in transition services for children within school systems providing geriatric rehabilitation services and providing services for workers injured on the job through pri-vate rehabilitation counseling companies and employee assistance programs (American Medical Association 2005)
bull Rehabilitation counselors work in a variety of settings including vocational rehabilitation services residential mental health facilities individual and family services and state government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)
Projected Growth Annual Openings
2002 122000 6922 Average Annual Openings2012 164000
34 Rehabilitation Counselors Percent of Annual Openings Due to
148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 597 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 403 Replacements
For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section
Figure 112 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
Per capita employment (per 100000)
6735ndash162514809ndash64882511ndash4756600ndash2431
(Median = 4809)
CA
AK
HI
NV
UT
AZ NM
CO
TX
OK
NE
KS
SD
ND
MN
IA
MO
AR
LAMS AL
TNNC
SC
VAKY
WI
MI
IL INOH
VTNH
ME
MARI
CTNJ
DEMDDC
NY
PA
WV
GA
FL
WY
MT
ID
OR
WA
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Rehab
ilitatio
n C
ounselo
rs
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 127
Figure 113 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
DC
AZ
MN
TN
NH
High
MarylandNevadaArizonaTennesseeUtah
550
462
451
439
430
Low
District of ColumbiaMississippiMichiganOhioNorth Dakota
100
90
86
76
06
High
North DakotaOhioDistrict of ColumbiaMichiganMississippi
923
750
714
714
714
Low
MinnesotaNew HampshireArizonaTennesseeMaryland
372
349
333
308
295
AZ
UTNV
TN
SD
MI
OH
MS
HI
HI
DCMD
ND
OH
MI
MS
MD
Growth Rate
Replacement Need (in percent)
Occupatio
nal P
rofi le
s |
Rehab
ilitatio
n C
ounselo
rs
128 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Figure 114 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Highest Wage Gain
Hawaii New Mexico Wisconsin North Dakota Delaware
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)
Lowest Wage Gain
Connecticut New York Nevada Rhode Island Mississippi
2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)
-07
$51
550
$27
370
$34
920
$34
560
$33
340
$36
750
$33
000
$35
240
$30
620
$39
050
596 572 510 507 388
-44 -101 -103 -151 -342
$44
400
$43
590
$34
300
$38
240
$28
630
$33
880
$27
590
$28
550
$33
590
$33
770
Conclusion
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 129
Summary
Frontline health and health care workers are a large fast-growing and vital component of the workforce constituting just over half of all health and health care occupations As the population ages the contributions of these workers will become even more central to the quality and cost of health care and services in this country As a whole the frontline workforce is growing rapidlymdashadding many new workers each year with a growth rate signifi cantly higher than other occupations and requiring a signifi cant number of replacement workers to fi ll future job openings due to turnover workers retiring and workers leaving the workforce altogether
Implications for Further Policy and Research Efforts1
This research on the frontline workforce must be placed in the context of broader challenges in the health care system and the general employment picture facing the nation over the next decade This will take effective action from a broad spectrum of health and health care stakeholders including employers educators professionals policy-makers labor and philanthropic entities
Health and Health Care Employers
Labor costs exceed 60 of total health care expenditures Any effort to change or rationalize the health care system will affect workers their patterns of practice and the material aspects of their employment Although most frontline workers are at the lower end of the compensation range in health care they represent a large critically impor-tant segment essential to any strategy to improve the quality lower the costs or expand access to health care and health services in the United States In each of these three vital areas the nation underperforms its potential In light of these challenges a solitary response of recruiting or fi nding frontline workers to keep the clinics long-term-care facilities and hospitals operating will be inadequate
Industry leaders will need to incorporate the following strategies into their overall action plan
bull Create new practice models and policies to reshape the nature of the work for frontline workers
bull Assist this transition by investing in care and service management technologies to allow fewer workers to do more with less time and to engage patients and their families in more productive ways These investments should include new facilities in addition to new technologies
1 Implications are based on the researchersrsquo fi ndings and recommendations and do not necessarily refl ect the viewpoints of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
Conclu
sion
130 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
bull Integrate work and education to create laddered opportunities for the existing frontline workforce to take advantage of these new policies and technologies by getting higher levels of training on the job and improving their opportunities for higher wages and career advancement
bull Create more collaborative team-oriented work settings that allow for a fuller range of contributions by these new types of frontline workers including the responsibility to manage this service sector more effectively
bull Develop new strategic partnerships with labor and professional organizations who wish to change the nature of frontline work and are willing to respond creatively to the realities and challenges of the service sector
Teaching and Learning Organizations
Frontline workers will need a different set of skills and expectations as they prepare to enter the workforce and continue to grow and learn in an occupation that may begin to resemble more of a career or profession Educational institutions must play a vital role in reshaping program curricula positioning themselves as career partners and lowering the boundaries between education service and care delivery organizations to foster deeper partnerships Specifi cally teaching and learning organizations should consider the following for strategic success
bull Assess their programs in the context of emergent employer needs and changing student situations and demands Such an assessment will require a deeper commitment to securing input from both of these vital stakeholders These conversations and interactions should be ongoing with equal weight given to all voices at the assessment table
bull Create delivery mechanisms to employ new teaching and learning technologies that allow for more distance learning assessment of competence work-based learning and simulation These technologies should make education more accessible and more relevant to the learner
bull Commit to students throughout a lifetime of practice and growth not just a short-term training or educational program This will require a new partnership commitment between student school and employer that will serve each constituency as it adapts to strategic challenges
Professional Associations and Accrediting Organizations
Although they are separate entities professional associations and accrediting organiza-tions often speak for the professional conscience of the frontline health care worker They aim to represent both the publicrsquos interest and the interests of their members Usually member interests outweigh the publicrsquos interest as professional associations pursue a familiar pathway of more restrictive and protective accreditation and licen-sure more education and higher pay This form of protectionism has served the interests of the health professions for more than a century but it now threatens the viability of the health care system Instead leaders of the frontline health professional organizations can
Conclu
sion
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 131
bull Invite other aligned and similar frontline groups into larger affi nity combinations to consolidate action Smaller groups will be easier to ignore in the changes that are to come larger and broader groups will create a context for more effective action
bull Encourage education programs to respond to the need to create new value by changing the competencies provided to students broadening the work to educate more generally and making the movement through education effi cient and continuous after graduation
bull Alter the accreditation and licensure process to focus less on testing for entry and more on continuous improvement of quality and adaptation to changes in the environment
bull Work to ensure that the system is an agent of change by encouraging innovation lowering regulations and simplifying processes involved for assurance of professional status
Researchers
Understanding the value of the frontline workforce how it is changing and what might be done to accelerate the change process is a valued but largely ignored topic by most researchers Analyzing these and related dimensions of the frontline workforce in a critical manner will be essential to any effort to position the frontline occupations for signifi cant change To address these changes researchers and the institutions that support them should
bull Develop a national discussion to focus and refi ne a shared research agenda related to how frontline health professionals can transition to the new roles described above
bull Facilitate partnerships between education and delivery groups and organizations (particularly in the private sector) to provide support for research and access to key data for action research projects that meet the business needs of the sponsoring organizations
Policy-makers and Public Agencies
Over the past two decades the public and private sectors have built a large infrastructure to support the development of the health and health care workforce At the ground level regional workforce centers are often well integrated with both employers and educators Policy-makers and public agencies however often fail to connect this resource to a solution to do so they should take the following steps
bull Enhance understanding of the role and experience of regional workforce centers in developing programs to integrate education and work among employers labor and policy-makers
bull Target and fund breakthrough innovations that bring rapid cycle improvement to education transition to work retraining and assessment of value
bull Use existing relationships at the community level to build stronger programs among labor management practice and education to demonstrate the value of such enlarged and expanded partnerships
Conclu
sion
132 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
bull Build on the existing leadership of community and local agencies and partnerships to strengthen their ability to negotiate and play a genuine broker role among the various parties including labor schools and employers
Foundations
Community regional and national foundations have played an important role in other workforce areas including nursing and medicine For the frontline workforce foundations can provide needed leadership and capital for all of the activities described above Foundations can undertake the following specifi c strategic actions
bull Convene key actors at the local regional or state level to discuss priorities share resources and determine if a shared vision can emerge
bull Fund demonstration programs particularly when they involve more than one key partner or when they involve a truly innovative approach or have a demonstrated way of measuring the value of the experiment
bull Build the leadership skills and capacities of key actors across the continuum of stakeholders particularly at the local and regional level
bull Recognize achievement that advances the principles of an improved frontline workforce and highlight particular models that are worthy of replication and implementation
The research team used a deliberate process to identify a working defi nition of the frontline health and health care workforce and the occupations included in that classifi cation for this chartbook This defi nition of ldquofrontlinerdquo is less an exclusionary mechanism than a way to delimit a set of occupational categories on which to focus the research
The researchers used the Bureau of Labor Statistics 2000 Standard Occupational Classifi cation (SOC) System as the source for occupational categories The SOC offers important advantages it is comprehensive it is the federal government standard and it has a fl exible structure scaled from broad categories to detailed occupations It also links to key resources such as the Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment Statistics dataset and the Occupational Outlook Handbook and has a pre-built crosswalk to the Census 2000 databank where a wealth of job title detail (more than 31000 titles) is available to fl esh out the SOC data
A review of the complete SOC listing of 23 major categories covering all occupations resulted in the identifi cation of eight categories that constitute all health and health care occupations From this group key health care and human services occupations outside the scope of the criteria defi ned for this researchmdashoccupations with little or no direct patient or client contact research-based occupations and sales- and retail-focused occupationsmdashwere eliminated The remaining occupational groups were reviewed and further delineated using the Census 2000 job title database then cross-referenced using several sources including civil service occupation listings from the federal government and four states (California Texas New York and New Jersey) The result is a working universe of 78 occupational groups and more than 840 Census 2000 job titles encompassing a full range of direct care providers from registered nurses and surgeons to various health care support and technical roles
The researchers then identifi ed and categorized the frontline health and health care delivery occupations that are a subset of the larger universe of all health and health care delivery occupations Following a review of the preliminary available occupational data the following criteria were developed as defi ning characteristics of frontline workers
bull provide a high level of direct patientclient care or care delivery support services
bull require educational training of a bachelorrsquos degree or below and
bull earn annual wages of $40000 or less
The researchers then excluded from the larger set of health and health care delivery occupations those that do not meet these criteria Exceptions were made for a few occupational groups Social workers and counselors are included although many do have a masterrsquos degree and two allied health roles (radiologic technologiststechnicians and occupational health and safety specialists) are included despite median annual earnings slightly more than $40000 In these cases it was determined that the occupa-tional categories fi t the overall defi nition and characteristics of the frontline workforce and should therefore be included
Appendix A
Extended Methodology and Data Availability
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 133
Initially a preliminary report was released that profi led 20 frontline workforce occupational groups and included federal level employment and wage data along with some secondary research presented as narrative overviews This report details how the frontline workforce was defi ned and offers both quantitative and qualitative information on each of the profi led occupational groups in an effort to enhance understanding of the environment and challenges each faces (Solomon Schindel OrsquoNeil and Cherner Defi ning the Frontline Workforce Princeton NJ The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation September 2005) For this chartbook that preliminary set of 20 occupational groups was expanded to 32 Many allied health rolesmdashleft out of the preliminary report due to the notion that suffi cient information on those roles was already availablemdashhave been included here to provide a more comprehensive profi le of the total frontline workforce
National Level Data Availability
Employment Projections
The researchers gathered data on 2002 occupational employment and 2012 occupa-tional employment projections through Bureau of Labor Statistics and individual state labor market information sources These projections refl ect
bull anticipated growth rates of frontline occupations
bull projected job openings due to occupational growth
bull projected job openings due to ldquoreplacementsrdquo (workers retiring leaving the profession or leaving employment altogether) and
bull ldquototal average annual job openingsrdquo (total number of job openings due to both growth and replacements needs)
Based on this data the researchers analyzed and compared growth ratepercentage total average annual job openings and the percentage of openings due to growth and to replacement needs
Wage Outlook
Using the Bureau of Labor Statistics November 2004 wage estimates along with the archived 2000 wage estimates the researchers gathered data on mean annual wages the 2000ndash2004 wage gain and the 10th to 90th percentile wage range for each occupation The researchers were then able to determine the wage outlook for each occupation and compared our fi ndings across the workforce noting where and how occupations varied in terms of wages and earning potential
Demographics
The demographic data available for frontline occupations are limited The Bureau of Labor Statistics does provide some data on gender and racial breakdown within occupations but much of the information is aggregated across several occupational categories For instance demographics are available for the occupational category representing all ldquodiagnostic and related health diagnosing technologists and techni-ciansrdquo which includes several frontline allied health roles as well as a few non-frontline occupations but they are not available for particular frontline job titles
Ap
pend
ix A
Exte
nded M
eth
odolo
gy a
nd D
ata
Ava
ilability
134 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
within that occupational category Thus it is not possible to use those demographics to make specifi c analyses based on particular occupations Instead higher-level demographics are used in this chartbook to offer insight into the frontline workforce as a whole and how selected occupational categories compare in terms of their percentage of minority workers
Educational Training Level
The data on educational training level are also somewhat limited but the researchers used the Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Projections and Training Data standard educational training level classifi cations to identify the most signifi cant training and educational pathways to employment for particular frontline occupations These data defi ne 11 categories of educational training Frontline workforce occupa-tions can be categorized into six of these educational training levels
bull short-term on-the-job training (up to 1 month)
bull moderate-term on-the-job training (1 to 12 months)
bull postsecondary vocational award
bull associate degree
bull bachelorrsquos degree and
bull masterrsquos degree
Although these classifi cations are somewhat general they are assigned to particular occupations and are not aggregated across multiple occupational categories as a result researchers can compare and look for patterns based on the standard educational training for occupations represented in this workforce
Workplace Distribution
The researchers gathered federal level data on the workplace distribution for workers in frontline occupations showing the percentage breakdown in different work settings However there are more than 25 ldquosettingsrdquo categories that include not only actual settings (such as medical laboratories psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals and physician offi ces) but also more descriptive settings with affi liated employees (such as home health care services and federal government institutions) Because there are so many workplace designations there is a great deal of distribution and it is not possible to draw any signifi cant inferences or analyses However some points of interest are included as additional fi ndings in the occupational profi les beginning on page 27
State Level Data Availability
One of the primary purposes of this chartbook is to provide a view of the occupa-tional outlook for the frontline workforce at the state level in addition to the national level State variation (or lack of variation) is highlighted for key data such as per capita employment average occupational wage and occupational wage gains for the frontline occupations To keep state-level data consistent with national-level data the researchers used occupational data from each statersquos labor market information online data sources
Ap
pend
ix A
Exte
nded M
eth
odolo
gy a
nd D
ata
Ava
ilability
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 135
Employment Projections
Each state labor market information resource presents data in slightly different ways although the majority provide occupational employment projection data aligned with the federal Bureau of Labor Statistics Standard Occupational Classifi cation (SOC) If a state provided no occupational projection data the researchers used the American Labor Market Information System (ALMIS) Web site (wwwprojectionscentralcom) This resource stores and maintains labor market economic and occupational data and is maintained jointly by the states and the United States Department of Laborrsquos Employment and Training Administration (ETA) In some cases states maintain infor-mation in ALMIS that is not accessible on a separate state labor market information Web site Some states did not have employment data for some of the occupations in the frontline workforce because the occupational population has been too small to track (indicated in the data tables with ldquonardquo) Data were also gathered on the total population for each state and per capita employment for each occupation by state was calculated
In our total growth rate and average annual openings percentage calculations we have relied on the data as presented by the state labor market information sources andor the ALMIS web site In a limited number of instances this produced some atypical results which we have left in the Appendix B State by State Data Tables rather than attempt to amend source data
Wage Outlook
The researchers obtained state wage data from a database maintained by the Bureau of Labor Statistics Although the database did not include state-by-state employment projections it did provide some occupation-specifi c wage information (mentioned below) for each state As the researchers began gathering the data the November 2004 current wage data were released these data were used in the analyses For each occupation data were we on 2004 mean annual wage 2000ndash2004 wage gain and 10thndash90th percentile wage range across all 50 states Average state wage data for all occupations were also included in the analyses as a benchmark
Unavailable Data
Although state-level employment and wage outlook and trend data were available for the research team to gather and analyze there was no consistent source of state-level data on demographics educational training requirements or workplace distribution for frontline occupations Some state labor market information sources provided an overall gender and racial breakdown for the state workforce as a whole but these data were not available at the state level for particular occupations Demographic educational training or workplace distribution information available through studies or other publications is included as additional fi ndings in the occupational profi les beginning on page 27
Additional Data
To supplement the core data presented through this chartbook the researchers gathered additional data from relevant publications and reports Particularly salient data points or patterns from these secondary resources are included in the occupa-tional profi les
Ap
pend
ix A
Exte
nded M
eth
odolo
gy a
nd D
ata
Ava
ilability
136 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 137
Appendix B
TablesmdashOccupational Profi les State by State Data
Allied Health Roles
Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians 139
Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics 142
Medical Assistants 145
Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians 148
Medical Records and Health Information Technicians 151
Occupational Health and Safety Specialists 154
Pharmacy Technicians 157
Radiologic Technologists and Technicians 160
Respiratory Therapy Technicians 163
Surgical Technologists 166
Community and Public Health Roles
Health Educators 169
Medical and Public Health Social Workers 172
Social and Human Services Assistants 175
Long-term Care Roles
Home Health Aides 178
Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants 181
Personal and Home Care Aides 184
Mental Health and Substance Abuse RolesMental Health Counselors 187
Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers 190
Psychiatric Aides 193
Psychiatric Technicians 196
Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors 199
Other Frontline Occupational Roles
Child Family and School Social Workers 202
Dental Assistants 205
Dietetic Technicians 208
Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses 211
Medical Transcriptionists 214
Occupational Therapist Assistants 217
Pharmacy Aides 220
Physical Therapist Aides 223
Physical Therapist Assistants 226
Recreational Therapists 229
Rehabilitation Counselors 232
Per Capita (total population)
State Per 100000
District of Columbia 379
Maryland 241
North Dakota 230
South Carolina 224
West Virginia 224
Michigan 211
South Dakota 200
Kentucky 198
Alabama 196
Louisiana 194
Massachusetts 193
Pennsylvania 191
Nebraska 189
Florida 188
Tennessee 185
New York 184
Connecticut 176
Nevada 166
Maine 164
New Jersey 163
Indiana 162
Oklahoma 161
Montana 159
Rhode Island 159
Mississippi 154
Virginia 151
Ohio 146
Illinois 145
New Hampshire 144
Minnesota 143
Delaware 136
Hawaii 130
Georgia 126
Iowa 126
North Carolina 124
Kansas 122
Oregon 119
Colorado 118
Utah 116
Wisconsin 114
Missouri 113
Washington 110
Arkansas 109
Texas 108
California 94
Arizona 92
New Mexico 81
Idaho 61
Alaska 50
Vermont NA
Wyoming NA
Annual Openings Due to Replacements
State Percentage
District of Columbia 667
Pennsylvania 536
Washington 533
Utah 500
Kentucky 469
Connecticut 467
Oklahoma 467
South Carolina 467
Colorado 464
Oregon 450
Alabama 429
Massachusetts 429
North Dakota 429
Illinois 415
New York 412
Nebraska 400
Michigan 396
Maryland 391
Ohio 378
Kansas 375
New Jersey 375
Missouri 367
Tennessee 364
Arkansas 353
California 353
Virginia 351
Louisiana 350
West Virginia 348
Delaware 333
Idaho 333
Iowa 333
Minnesota 333
Rhode Island 333
South Dakota 333
Texas 310
Maine 308
Indiana 300
Montana 300
Nevada 300
Florida 289
Georgia 286
North Carolina 286
Mississippi 267
New Hampshire 250
Wisconsin 250
Arizona 237
Alaska NA
Hawaii NA
New Mexico NA
Vermont NA
Wyoming NA
Total Growth
State Percentage
Idaho 598
Nevada 583
Arizona 572
Colorado 566
Utah 519
Mississippi 492
Montana 483
New Hampshire 478
Georgia 472
North Carolina 456
Kansas 455
Florida 430
Texas 426
Maine 404
Wisconsin 403
New Mexico 400
Arkansas 395
West Virginia 384
South Dakota 382
Delaware 364
Minnesota 362
New Jersey 357
Indiana 350
Tennessee 346
Alaska 344
Rhode Island 341
California 333
Virginia 333
North Dakota 315
Ohio 305
Louisiana 299
Maryland 298
Missouri 297
Michigan 292
Massachusetts 290
Oklahoma 286
Iowa 284
Nebraska 281
New York 276
Illinois 263
Connecticut 262
Hawaii 250
Oregon 238
Kentucky 212
Washington 209
Alabama 205
South Carolina 174
Pennsylvania 165
District of Columbia 107
Vermont NA
Wyoming NA
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2000ndash2004 Wage Gain
State
M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004
Maine $29900 $42710 428
Alabama 27920 39330 409
Nevada 31060 42430 366
Indiana 26790 35680 332
North Dakota 25470 33720 324
Virginia 32910 43010 307
New Jersey 36710 47970 307
Mississippi 28110 36740 307
Nebraska 31170 40490 299
Rhode Island 34130 43610 278
Alaska 42150 53620 272
Texas 31300 39240 254
Tennessee 27950 34850 247
Oregon 36280 45040 241
Washington 42520 52650 238
New Mexico 34230 42030 228
Pennsylvania 31330 38480 228
North Carolina 33430 40630 215
Georgia 29920 36360 215
Idaho 31480 38180 213
Michigan 37270 44970 207
Wisconsin 33110 39820 203
Iowa 30420 36330 194
Colorado 35050 41800 193
Kansas 33300 39680 192
California 40180 47760 189
Arkansas 33090 39170 184
Massachusetts 41090 47280 151
New Hampshire 41720 47900 148
Ohio 35340 40290 140
Missouri 30850 34980 134
Illinois 34160 38670 132
Arizona 35080 39530 127
South Dakota 33090 37200 124
District of Columbia 39590 44440 123
Maryland 39860 43460 90
Florida 33090 36060 90
Hawaii 39130 42340 82
New York 41270 44260 72
West Virginia 33410 35150 52
Louisiana 31250 32780 49
Connecticut 42020 43570 37
Oklahoma 28030 29050 36
Montana 39140 38640 -13
Kentucky 35930 35420 -14
South Carolina 41770 39450 -56
Delaware 37520 NA NA
Minnesota NA 41550 NA
Utah 35230 NA NA
Vermont $32440 NA NA
2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark
State2004
Annual Wage2004 State
Annual Wage
Washington $52650 $40860
Alaska 53620 42170
New Hampshire 47900 37450
Arkansas 39170 29560
Maine 42710 33480
New Mexico 42030 33000
Montana 38640 29880
Nevada 42430 34300
South Dakota 37200 29080
Mississippi 36740 28630
Oregon 45040 36980
South Carolina 39450 31940
Nebraska 40490 33060
Alabama 39330 31940
North Carolina 40630 34120
Kansas 39680 33780
California 47760 41980
Hawaii 42340 36750
Idaho 38180 32770
Michigan 44970 39590
Rhode Island 43610 38240
New Jersey 47970 43040
West Virginia 35150 30470
Arizona 39530 34880
Wisconsin 39820 35240
Ohio 40290 35910
Iowa 36330 31990
Texas 39240 35310
Virginia 43010 39130
Kentucky 35420 32170
North Dakota 33720 30620
Pennsylvania 38480 35970
Florida 36060 33750
Tennessee 34850 32730
Maryland 43460 41360
Colorado 41800 39820
Massachusetts 47280 45290
Indiana 35680 33820
Minnesota 41550 39840
Louisiana 32780 31230
New York 44260 43590
Georgia 36360 35840
Missouri 34980 34460
Illinois 38670 38580
Connecticut 43570 44400
Oklahoma 29050 31150
District of Columbia 44440 57980
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140 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential
Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th
Alabama $17960 $70300 2914
Louisiana 16510 54900 2325
Virginia 22120 69330 2134
Mississippi 18320 56840 2103
Arizona 23320 70750 2034
Oklahoma 16860 50170 1976
Massachusetts 25230 73730 1922
Oregon 23950 68120 1844
Missouri 19660 55490 1822
Idaho 21100 59170 1804
Maine 22330 62330 1791
Georgia 20410 56380 1762
Tennessee 19910 54810 1753
Indiana 20370 56060 1752
Kentucky 20110 55300 1750
Texas 21340 58310 1732
Florida 20290 55320 1726
South Dakota 20480 55460 1708
Colorado 24250 65500 1701
Connecticut 25140 67060 1667
North Dakota 19800 52640 1659
Illinois 22210 58390 1629
South Carolina 22220 58220 1620
Pennsylvania 22140 57430 1594
Rhode Island 25260 64150 1540
Montana 22630 56710 1506
North Carolina 23540 58780 1497
Kansas 22500 56120 1494
New Hampshire 27660 67570 1443
New York 26480 64600 1440
Nebraska 23690 57680 1435
Hawaii 25660 62400 1432
California 28760 69890 1430
Alaska 30780 74480 1420
Arkansas 23510 56880 1419
Wisconsin 24210 57810 1388
New Mexico 23980 57220 1386
Minnesota 25410 59330 1335
New Jersey 30070 69260 1303
Maryland 25980 59090 1274
Ohio 25030 55780 1229
Washington 32280 71580 1217
Nevada 26350 57580 1185
District of Columbia 27850 60550 1174
Michigan 27940 59830 1141
West Virginia 21660 45980 1123
Iowa 23910 49270 1061
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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 141
Total Growth
State Percentage
Arizona 1086
Colorado 486
Nevada 443
New Mexico 402
Utah 389
Minnesota 382
New Hampshire 378
Virginia 362
Texas 357
Mississippi 348
Alabama 341
Kansas 335
Vermont 332
Montana 325
Arkansas 323
California 321
Georgia 314
Pennsylvania 305
New Jersey 302
Oklahoma 298
Florida 292
Louisiana 290
Alaska 286
Kentucky 283
Wisconsin 281
Missouri 276
South Dakota 275
Ohio 275
North Dakota 272
Rhode Island 258
West Virginia 244
North Carolina 244
Delaware 241
New York 241
Idaho 240
Indiana 235
Illinois 230
Maryland 230
South Carolina 217
Maine 210
Hawaii 208
Nebraska 208
Tennessee 208
Washington 198
Iowa 196
Wyoming 167
Massachusetts 161
Oregon 159
Connecticut 129
Michigan 127
District of Columbia 00
Annual Openings Due to Replacements
State Percentage
District of Columbia 1000
Massachusetts 608
Oregon 600
Wyoming 600
Hawaii 500
Connecticut 486
Michigan 474
Colorado 466
Alaska 450
Kansas 430
Washington 425
Iowa 417
Nebraska 385
South Carolina 367
Tennessee 364
Maine 347
Illinois 333
Indiana 333
Rhode Island 333
West Virginia 329
Maryland 327
Idaho 325
New York 324
Louisiana 307
North Carolina 304
Delaware 300
Wisconsin 300
Missouri 295
Ohio 295
New Jersey 294
Florida 289
Kentucky 288
North Dakota 286
Pennsylvania 274
South Dakota 273
California 267
Nevada 267
Arkansas 262
Alabama 259
Georgia 252
Montana 250
Utah 250
Mississippi 247
Oklahoma 244
Texas 243
New Hampshire 238
Virginia 238
Vermont 235
Minnesota 228
New Mexico 180
Arizona 97
Per Capita (total population)
State Per 100000
District of Columbia 1240
Maine 1165
North Dakota 1147
Pennsylvania 1129
West Virginia 1088
Kentucky 985
Missouri 938
Kansas 936
Wisconsin 903
Massachusetts 889
Tennessee 872
Idaho 848
Connecticut 807
Ohio 801
Georgia 794
North Carolina 765
South Dakota 756
Louisiana 748
Arkansas 709
Mississippi 700
Minnesota 685
Utah 677
Illinois 671
Iowa 670
New Hampshire 662
Oklahoma 654
Colorado 654
Alabama 640
Vermont 620
Montana 604
Maryland 604
Texas 562
Michigan 556
Indiana 554
New Mexico 550
Alaska 546
New York 546
Rhode Island 515
Florida 512
New Jersey 501
Oregon 483
Wyoming 481
Nevada 447
South Carolina 426
California 392
Hawaii 389
Washington 382
Virginia 362
Delaware 360
Arizona 284
Nebraska 225
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142 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
2000ndash2004 Wage Gain
State
M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004
North Dakota $18510 $26960 457
Rhode Island 23240 33290 432
Maryland 26270 37260 418
Wyoming 17740 25060 413
Hawaii 25980 35960 384
Utah 18970 26180 380
Alaska 29060 39020 343
Idaho 22860 30160 319
Massachusetts 26700 34810 304
Missouri 25050 31250 248
Michigan 23340 29010 243
New Hampshire 23170 28360 224
Arizona 21760 26610 223
Nebraska 21760 26570 221
Iowa 20430 24680 208
Kansas 17940 21590 203
Georgia 22100 26470 198
Vermont 20560 24590 196
New York 29290 34560 180
Indiana 22590 26490 173
New Jersey 27160 31650 165
Kentucky 19630 22820 163
Texas 22460 26040 159
Colorado 27680 31970 155
Maine 21440 24650 150
North Carolina 23900 27390 146
Ohio 23990 27410 143
Mississippi 22200 25320 141
Washington 32080 36410 135
Arkansas 21460 24350 135
Pennsylvania 22550 25300 122
Louisiana 24320 27120 115
Virginia 23810 26550 115
New Mexico 26610 29610 113
South Carolina 24290 26980 111
South Dakota 21070 23210 102
Connecticut 29130 32030 100
Illinois 26960 29500 94
Florida 25810 28220 93
Montana 19400 21000 82
Minnesota 27550 29670 77
Tennessee 24500 25030 22
West Virginia 19580 19650 04
Wisconsin 22700 22380 -14
Alabama 21600 21150 -21
California 29580 27460 -72
Oregon 35460 29260 -175
Delaware NA 30150 NA
District of Columbia NA 40800 NA
Nevada NA NA NA
Oklahoma 19580 NA NA
2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark
State2004
Annual Wage2004 State
Annual Wage
Hawaii $35960 $36750
Idaho 30160 32770
Alaska 39020 42170
Missouri 31250 34460
Mississippi 25320 28630
New Mexico 29610 33000
North Dakota 26960 30620
Louisiana 27120 31230
Maryland 37260 41360
Washington 36410 40860
Rhode Island 33290 38240
South Carolina 26980 31940
Arkansas 24350 29560
Florida 28220 33750
South Dakota 23210 29080
Nebraska 26570 33060
North Carolina 27390 34120
Iowa 24680 31990
Indiana 26490 33820
Wyoming 25060 32510
Oregon 29260 36980
Tennessee 25030 32730
Colorado 31970 39820
Utah 26180 34110
Arizona 26610 34880
Ohio 27410 35910
Maine 24650 33480
Montana 21000 29880
Delaware 30150 39050
New York 34560 43590
Illinois 29500 38580
New Hampshire 28360 37450
Texas 26040 35310
Kentucky 22820 32170
Georgia 26470 35840
Vermont 24590 34650
Minnesota 29670 39840
Massachusetts 34810 45290
Michigan 29010 39590
Pennsylvania 25300 35970
Alabama 21150 31940
West Virginia 19650 30470
New Jersey 31650 43040
Kansas 21590 33780
Connecticut 32030 44400
Virginia 26550 39130
Wisconsin 22380 35240
California 27460 41980
District of Columbia 40800 57980
Nevada NA 34300
Oklahoma NA 31150
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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 143
10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential
Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th
Maryland $17210 $67040 2895
Washington 13160 44120 2353
Hawaii 15810 52150 2299
Massachusetts 15060 45890 2047
New York 17470 51340 1939
Rhode Island 12020 35260 1933
Connecticut 13770 40270 1924
Colorado 13800 39970 1896
New Jersey 12130 35020 1887
Missouri 17520 47780 1727
Idaho 12040 32690 1715
Delaware 19750 52940 1681
Minnesota 16180 43210 1671
New Mexico 21240 56310 1651
Illinois 16120 42730 1651
Oregon 17120 45380 1651
Michigan 17050 44660 1619
New Hampshire 14800 38360 1592
Florida 16790 43440 1587
California 15330 39390 1569
Ohio 14450 35570 1462
North Carolina 14430 35400 1453
Louisiana 12990 31860 1453
South Carolina 18580 45510 1449
North Dakota 15900 37740 1374
Arizona 12370 29200 1361
Nebraska 15870 37070 1336
Virginia 16770 39090 1331
Indiana 20180 46550 1307
Georgia 15560 35610 1289
Utah 20850 47290 1268
Texas 19870 44560 1243
Mississippi 22920 50680 1211
Pennsylvania 18930 41510 1193
Wyoming 16400 35920 1190
Tennessee 16880 36560 1166
Iowa 16490 35520 1154
Maine 12560 26870 1139
Vermont 17870 38150 1135
Arkansas 21350 44690 1093
South Dakota 19380 40280 1078
Kentucky 17880 37060 1073
Wisconsin 15930 32010 1009
Kansas 17890 35500 984
Alabama 18750 37090 978
Montana 22850 43530 905
West Virginia 17860 32570 824
Nevada 31610 52150 650
Oklahoma 23900 37140 554
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144 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Total Growth
State Percentage
Idaho 810
Arizona 785
Wyoming 727
Arkansas 718
Utah 694
Kansas 690
Georgia 686
Virginia 686
New Hampshire 676
Tennessee 650
Maine 643
New Mexico 638
Colorado 633
Texas 622
New Jersey 622
Nevada 615
Kentucky 614
North Carolina 609
Florida 591
South Dakota 587
Wisconsin 581
Missouri 577
Indiana 563
Maryland 534
Montana 533
Ohio 524
Alabama 513
Vermont 512
Mississippi 510
Oklahoma 504
Louisiana 502
Delaware 500
Massachusetts 491
Minnesota 489
West Virginia 477
Iowa 475
Rhode Island 474
Alaska 472
Connecticut 466
California 460
Pennsylvania 459
New York 449
South Carolina 446
Illinois 445
Michigan 444
Hawaii 443
North Dakota 383
Nebraska 312
District of Columbia 312
Oregon 238
Washington 203
Annual Openings Due to Replacements
State Percentage
Oregon 552
Washington 494
Colorado 466
Alaska 375
Nebraska 372
North Dakota 364
District of Columbia 362
Massachusetts 351
Hawaii 304
South Carolina 295
Michigan 294
Illinois 294
New York 292
California 287
Pennsylvania 287
Iowa 286
West Virginia 283
Connecticut 280
Louisiana 279
Kansas 279
Vermont 278
Rhode Island 277
Minnesota 274
Delaware 271
Alabama 271
Mississippi 268
Ohio 261
Oklahoma 258
Maryland 258
Indiana 254
Montana 254
Missouri 242
Florida 237
South Dakota 235
Wisconsin 234
New Jersey 233
Kentucky 232
Nevada 232
North Carolina 231
Texas 229
Maine 223
New Mexico 221
Tennessee 218
New Hampshire 217
Georgia 213
Virginia 212
Utah 207
Arkansas 202
Wyoming 200
Arizona 191
Idaho 189
Per Capita (total population)
State Per 100000
Hawaii 2908
Arizona 2013
Texas 1945
Nebraska 1728
District of Columbia 1690
Michigan 1566
Florida 1532
South Carolina 1503
Kentucky 1476
California 1449
Ohio 1443
Washington 1434
Oregon 1430
Rhode Island 1430
Utah 1423
Tennessee 1371
Connecticut 1347
Pennsylvania 1337
Oklahoma 1307
Georgia 1303
New Jersey 1294
Colorado 1285
Indiana 1281
New Mexico 1251
Maine 1211
Missouri 1203
South Dakota 1165
Maryland 1127
Wisconsin 1123
Delaware 1067
New York 1065
Minnesota 1036
Nevada 1021
Kansas 1010
Virginia 991
North Carolina 978
Montana 962
Louisiana 929
Massachusetts 898
Vermont 837
New Hampshire 829
Alaska 827
West Virginia 826
Alabama 761
Illinois 751
Iowa 721
Idaho 710
Mississippi 693
Arkansas 444
North Dakota 305
Wyoming 220
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2000ndash2004 Wage Gain
State
M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004
Idaho $21950 $28430 295
Delaware 21570 27670 283
Rhode Island 22010 26650 211
Washington 25110 29870 190
New Mexico 20550 24440 189
West Virginia 17450 20650 183
Oklahoma 19510 23030 180
Nebraska 20450 24040 176
Hawaii 25160 29530 174
Wyoming 19150 22390 169
Arizona 21680 25150 160
South Dakota 19510 22560 156
Oregon 25290 29120 151
Colorado 24370 27890 144
Iowa 21990 24930 134
Massachusetts 27090 30690 133
Virginia 22980 25940 129
New Hampshire 24430 27530 127
Georgia 22660 25420 122
Wisconsin 24080 26890 117
Alabama 19850 22160 116
New Jersey 26060 28990 112
Michigan 23070 25640 111
Maryland 24110 26750 109
South Carolina 21490 23800 107
Indiana 23140 25550 104
Montana 21300 23420 100
Utah 20340 22280 95
Illinois 25830 28280 95
Kansas 20760 22720 94
North Carolina 23260 25250 86
Missouri 21620 23470 86
California 26870 29160 85
Maine 24390 26440 84
Minnesota 26150 28260 81
Ohio 22440 24160 77
Nevada 25000 26880 75
Florida 22640 24150 67
Kentucky 21720 23100 64
Mississippi 19190 20280 57
Louisiana 20310 21390 53
Arkansas 20270 21300 51
Texas 21210 22230 48
Tennessee 22270 23340 48
District of Columbia 30570 31640 35
Pennsylvania 23740 24560 35
Connecticut 29320 29920 20
North Dakota 21480 21840 17
New York 26720 27160 16
Alaska 31220 31370 05
Vermont 27210 26250 -35
2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark
State2004
Annual Wage2004 State
Annual Wage
Idaho $28430 $32770
Montana 23420 29880
South Dakota 22560 29080
Maine 26440 33480
Iowa 24930 31990
Hawaii 29530 36750
Nevada 26880 34300
Oregon 29120 36980
Oklahoma 23030 31150
South Carolina 23800 31940
Arkansas 21300 29560
Indiana 25550 33820
Wisconsin 26890 35240
Mississippi 20280 28630
Vermont 26250 34650
New Mexico 24440 33000
North Dakota 21840 30620
North Carolina 25250 34120
Nebraska 24040 33060
Kentucky 23100 32170
Tennessee 23340 32730
Florida 24150 33750
Arizona 25150 34880
Alabama 22160 31940
West Virginia 20650 30470
Louisiana 21390 31230
New Hampshire 27530 37450
Wyoming 22390 32510
Illinois 28280 38580
Georgia 25420 35840
Alaska 31370 42170
Washington 29870 40860
Missouri 23470 34460
Kansas 22720 33780
Delaware 27670 39050
Pennsylvania 24560 35970
Minnesota 28260 39840
Rhode Island 26650 38240
Ohio 24160 35910
Utah 22280 34110
Colorado 27890 39820
California 29160 41980
Texas 22230 35310
Virginia 25940 39130
Michigan 25640 39590
New Jersey 28990 43040
Connecticut 29920 44400
Maryland 26750 41360
Massachusetts 30690 45290
New York 27160 43590
District of Columbia 31640 57980
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146 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential
Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th
California $19340 $43360 1242
Illinois 19070 41980 1201
Idaho 18820 40880 1172
New Jersey 18950 40550 1140
Texas 14790 31020 1097
Virginia 18770 37620 1004
Alabama 15590 30590 962
Arkansas 15110 29320 940
New York 19180 36880 923
District of Columbia 22390 42730 908
Rhode Island 19510 36890 891
New Mexico 18120 34080 881
Missouri 16900 31760 879
Louisiana 15000 27970 865
Pennsylvania 17770 32940 854
Arizona 18500 34290 854
West Virginia 14720 27250 851
Colorado 19600 36200 847
Oregon 21270 39100 838
Maine 19240 35270 833
Maryland 19390 35200 815
Wyoming 15980 28530 785
North Carolina 18850 33450 775
Indiana 19110 33840 771
Mississippi 15000 26480 765
Nevada 19750 34840 764
Georgia 18800 33010 756
Kentucky 16850 29580 755
North Dakota 16170 28360 754
Tennessee 17700 31020 753
Washington 21980 38410 747
Florida 18430 32200 747
Iowa 18790 32750 743
Minnesota 20560 35600 732
Oklahoma 16860 28870 712
Alaska 23990 41000 709
Nebraska 18490 31550 706
Ohio 18580 31660 704
Delaware 21220 36090 701
Michigan 19520 32980 690
South Carolina 18220 30550 677
Wisconsin 20670 34270 658
Massachusetts 23540 38970 655
Vermont 20220 33320 648
Connecticut 23390 38440 643
Kansas 17820 29080 632
Hawaii 22630 36400 608
Montana 18270 29060 591
South Dakota 18400 27900 516
Utah 18280 27710 516
New Hampshire 22860 34460 507
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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 147
Total Growth
State Percentage
Arizona 528
Utah 375
Idaho 370
Nevada 329
Colorado 296
New Hampshire 286
New Mexico 274
Georgia 274
Virginia 271
Minnesota 268
Florida 255
Kansas 250
Wisconsin 250
Mississippi 248
North Carolina 246
Texas 246
Oregon 238
Tennessee 237
Maine 236
Arkansas 220
Montana 217
Alabama 211
Washington 206
New Jersey 205
Alaska 200
Maryland 195
Indiana 193
South Dakota 191
California 190
Oklahoma 160
Missouri 154
West Virginia 145
Massachusetts 143
Kentucky 139
Michigan 139
Vermont 138
Ohio 128
Hawaii 125
Louisiana 123
Iowa 120
Rhode Island 118
Wyoming 111
Nebraska 105
Illinois 100
North Dakota 98
Delaware 93
New York 84
South Carolina 79
Connecticut 69
Pennsylvania 61
District of Columbia 00
Per Capita (total population)
State Per 100000
District of Columbia 926
Arizona 874
Minnesota 764
Missouri 745
Pennsylvania 732
Massachusetts 675
South Carolina 675
Maryland 670
North Dakota 661
Tennessee 654
West Virginia 636
Alabama 625
Vermont 599
Utah 586
Kansas 575
North Carolina 571
Iowa 552
Washington 536
Georgia 535
Delaware 533
Indiana 531
Nebraska 530
Louisiana 527
Arkansas 516
New Jersey 513
South Dakota 509
Ohio 494
Mississippi 480
Oklahoma 467
New York 467
Texas 458
Kentucky 455
Hawaii 454
Maine 453
New Mexico 453
Michigan 452
Florida 415
Colorado 414
Illinois 410
Oregon 406
Rhode Island 396
Wisconsin 382
Connecticut 376
Virginia 368
California 360
Nevada 337
Alaska 312
Montana 299
New Hampshire 241
Idaho 223
Wyoming 180
Annual Openings Due to Replacements
State Percentage
District of Columbia 1000
Hawaii 1000
Pennsylvania 817
South Carolina 800
Connecticut 775
New York 750
Illinois 728
Delaware 706
Nebraska 706
Iowa 692
Rhode Island 688
Ohio 679
Louisiana 678
Vermont 667
Michigan 659
Kentucky 658
West Virginia 646
Missouri 639
Oklahoma 629
Massachusetts 622
South Dakota 611
Alaska 600
New Jersey 600
California 586
Washington 581
Indiana 580
Maryland 576
Montana 571
Arkansas 559
Alabama 556
Wisconsin 545
New Mexico 540
Maine 533
Tennessee 526
Texas 524
Mississippi 521
North Carolina 520
Oregon 514
Florida 508
Georgia 500
Minnesota 500
Virginia 497
Kansas 494
New Hampshire 471
Colorado 444
Utah 444
Idaho 421
Nevada 375
Arizona 338
North Dakota 267
Wyoming NA
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2000ndash2004 Wage Gain
State
M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004
Illinois $28780 $37200 293
Louisiana 23610 29230 238
Georgia 24420 30050 231
New Hampshire 33710 41100 219
Virginia 26200 31550 204
West Virginia 25430 30480 199
Kentucky 27080 32400 196
Iowa 26440 31620 196
Wisconsin 28820 34220 187
Florida 26170 31040 186
Missouri 24620 29170 185
Indiana 26980 31790 178
Mississippi 24110 28290 173
Nebraska 24960 29220 171
North Carolina 26700 31260 171
New York 32750 38080 163
Minnesota 31300 36170 156
Arizona 25750 29460 144
Kansas 25280 28850 141
Hawaii 31280 35520 136
Colorado 29510 33500 135
New Jersey 34080 38660 134
Tennessee 24830 28060 130
Alaska 39180 44070 125
Michigan 29070 32650 123
Maryland 32340 36290 122
Arkansas 25880 28920 117
California 33590 37200 107
Maine 28590 31620 106
Ohio 27730 30660 106
South Dakota 25450 28140 106
Alabama 25540 28130 101
Pennsylvania 30430 33300 94
Oregon 32920 35940 92
Massachusetts 33230 36180 89
Oklahoma 25050 27130 83
South Carolina 28870 31210 81
Rhode Island 40160 43190 75
Texas 26610 28600 75
Wyoming 26790 28700 71
District of Columbia 32510 34780 70
Washington 30900 32820 62
Idaho 30160 31990 61
Montana 28110 29600 53
North Dakota 28540 29890 47
Connecticut 36540 37970 39
Delaware 28870 29610 26
New Mexico 33780 33810 01
Utah 24990 23460 -61
Nevada 34240 32100 -63
Vermont 28220 NA NA
2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark
State2004
Annual Wage2004 State
Annual Wage
Rhode Island $43190 $38240
New Hampshire 41100 37450
Alaska 44070 42170
New Mexico 33810 33000
Kentucky 32400 32170
West Virginia 30480 30470
Montana 29600 29880
Mississippi 28290 28630
Iowa 31620 31990
Arkansas 28920 29560
South Carolina 31210 31940
North Dakota 29890 30620
Idaho 31990 32770
South Dakota 28140 29080
Wisconsin 34220 35240
Oregon 35940 36980
Hawaii 35520 36750
Illinois 37200 38580
Maine 31620 33480
Louisiana 29230 31230
Indiana 31790 33820
Nevada 32100 34300
Pennsylvania 33300 35970
Florida 31040 33750
North Carolina 31260 34120
Minnesota 36170 39840
Alabama 28130 31940
Wyoming 28700 32510
Nebraska 29220 33060
Oklahoma 27130 31150
Puerto Rico 18020 22070
New Jersey 38660 43040
Tennessee 28060 32730
California 37200 41980
Kansas 28850 33780
Maryland 36290 41360
Ohio 30660 35910
Missouri 29170 34460
Arizona 29460 34880
New York 38080 43590
Georgia 30050 35840
Colorado 33500 39820
Connecticut 37970 44400
Texas 28600 35310
Michigan 32650 39590
Virginia 31550 39130
Washington 32820 40860
Massachusetts 36180 45290
Delaware 29610 39050
Utah 23460 34110
District of Columbia 34780 57980
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10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential
Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th
Michigan $17120 $56980 2328
Idaho 20150 53770 1668
Rhode Island 26010 68100 1618
Illinois 22180 57060 1573
Delaware 17840 45640 1558
Louisiana 17910 45360 1533
Alaska 27300 66280 1428
New Mexico 21590 51910 1404
California 23560 56350 1392
New Hampshire 26730 63130 1362
Arizona 18700 44030 1355
Connecticut 24940 57740 1315
South Carolina 19380 44850 1314
Missouri 18820 43230 1297
Maryland 23650 54170 1290
Indiana 20120 45960 1284
Kansas 18610 42510 1284
Florida 19780 45100 1280
Oklahoma 17750 40200 1265
Georgia 19150 43280 1260
Nevada 20560 46280 1251
Mississippi 18260 40950 1243
Oregon 23460 52540 1240
Alabama 18570 41370 1228
West Virginia 19280 42940 1227
District of Columbia 22570 49930 1212
Virginia 20620 44960 1180
Wyoming 19460 42430 1180
Tennessee 18390 39390 1142
Massachusetts 24600 52030 1115
Pennsylvania 21640 45680 1111
New York 25840 54530 1110
Nebraska 19770 41600 1104
Colorado 22570 47380 1099
Kentucky 21580 44610 1067
Utah 16320 33560 1056
Arkansas 19660 40260 1048
Texas 19480 39860 1046
Maine 21240 43320 1040
Iowa 21450 43400 1023
North Carolina 21720 42930 977
Montana 20100 39080 944
Ohio 21840 41360 894
Wisconsin 24380 45830 880
New Jersey 27940 51830 855
Washington 24210 43530 798
North Dakota 22180 39300 772
South Dakota 20930 36880 762
Hawaii 26490 45890 732
Minnesota 27070 45690 688
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150 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Total Growth
State Percentage
Arizona 731
Nevada 670
Idaho 628
Georgia 599
Colorado 591
New Mexico 581
Utah 566
Texas 553
Tennessee 551
Kansas 551
Maine 546
Wisconsin 544
Virginia 529
Alaska 528
Florida 522
Arkansas 501
Minnesota 492
South Dakota 488
North Carolina 483
Alabama 461
Vermont 457
Montana 456
Massachusetts 451
Indiana 444
Maryland 429
New Jersey 417
Mississippi 415
Oklahoma 415
California 413
Hawaii 411
Iowa 402
Kentucky 398
Ohio 394
Missouri 389
Rhode Island 367
Delaware 367
Illinois 365
New York 356
North Dakota 354
Louisiana 349
West Virginia 348
Nebraska 340
South Carolina 317
Michigan 315
Connecticut 307
Wyoming 286
Pennsylvania 266
Oregon 249
New Hampshire 245
District of Columbia 201
Washington 192
Annual Openings Due to Replacements
State Percentage
Oregon 517
New Hampshire 473
Colorado 466
Washington 436
District of Columbia 429
Wyoming 400
Pennsylvania 350
Hawaii 333
Massachusetts 330
Michigan 312
New Jersey 308
North Dakota 300
Nebraska 298
Kansas 292
South Carolina 290
West Virginia 286
Connecticut 283
Illinois 282
New York 281
Rhode Island 273
Ohio 267
Delaware 267
Kentucky 265
Louisiana 264
Maryland 260
Mississippi 260
Missouri 257
California 253
Alabama 250
Indiana 247
Iowa 238
Montana 235
North Carolina 235
Arkansas 228
Oklahoma 227
Minnesota 224
Vermont 222
Wisconsin 222
South Dakota 220
Virginia 213
Florida 213
Maine 213
Tennessee 211
New Mexico 210
Texas 208
Utah 200
Nevada 189
Georgia 186
Idaho 180
Arizona 164
Alaska 50
Per Capita (total population)
State Per 100000
New Hampshire 1571
District of Columbia 1420
South Dakota 1051
North Dakota 948
Missouri 775
New Mexico 733
Kansas 730
Wisconsin 717
Massachusetts 702
Nebraska 688
Washington 686
Maine 683
Oregon 673
North Carolina 653
Mississippi 644
Minnesota 642
Iowa 641
Utah 625
Montana 619
Kentucky 616
Florida 614
Rhode Island 607
Oklahoma 588
Alaska 562
Ohio 557
Arizona 551
West Virginia 550
South Carolina 546
Indiana 523
Louisiana 511
Alabama 509
Nevada 503
Colorado 500
Illinois 500
Vermont 487
Pennsylvania 482
Michigan 480
Idaho 478
Tennessee 476
Georgia 461
Virginia 461
Hawaii 454
Arkansas 453
California 429
Wyoming 421
Texas 412
Maryland 402
Connecticut 396
Delaware 372
New York 336
New Jersey 280
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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 151
2000ndash2004 Wage Gain
State
M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004
District of Columbia $27140 $35890 322
New Jersey 28610 37350 305
Nevada 24370 31170 279
Wisconsin 22370 28130 257
Virginia 23460 28990 236
West Virginia 18880 23210 229
Maryland 26940 32870 220
Minnesota 24850 30280 219
Massachusetts 24880 30290 217
Arkansas 21810 26450 213
Delaware 23830 28530 197
Maine 21950 26270 197
Kentucky 22680 26850 184
Michigan 25510 30210 184
New York 27940 33030 182
Connecticut 29200 34390 178
North Dakota 20390 23950 175
Florida 23460 27380 167
Ohio 23680 27580 165
Indiana 22440 26120 164
Wyoming 22050 25650 163
Missouri 22430 26110 164
North Carolina 23130 26880 162
Idaho 21460 24850 158
Oklahoma 21300 24620 156
Mississippi 20440 23610 155
Montana 21100 24320 153
Alabama 19820 22840 152
Kansas 21900 25230 152
Pennsylvania 24920 28460 142
New Hampshire 24800 28330 142
South Dakota 22950 26210 142
Washington 26430 30170 142
Georgia 23890 27230 140
Colorado 27230 31010 139
Rhode Island 27550 31190 132
New Mexico 22610 25570 131
Tennessee 22010 24630 119
Illinois 23510 26140 112
Oregon 25960 28760 108
California 28740 31810 107
South Carolina 24390 26700 95
Texas 23450 25550 90
Nebraska 23860 25940 87
Iowa 22800 24770 86
Arizona 25200 27200 79
Alaska 30440 31470 34
Louisiana 22590 22440 -07
Hawaii 33080 31100 -60
Vermont 29900 28000 -64
Utah 21530 NA NA
2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark
State2004
Annual Wage2004 State
Annual Wage
South Dakota $26210 $29080
Arkansas 26450 29560
Nevada 31170 34300
Mississippi 23610 28630
South Carolina 26700 31940
Kentucky 26850 32170
Montana 24320 29880
Hawaii 31100 36750
New Jersey 37350 43040
Florida 27380 33750
Oklahoma 24620 31150
Vermont 28000 34650
North Dakota 23950 30620
Wyoming 25650 32510
Rhode Island 31190 38240
Nebraska 25940 33060
Wisconsin 28130 35240
Maine 26270 33480
Iowa 24770 31990
North Carolina 26880 34120
West Virginia 23210 30470
New Mexico 25570 33000
Pennsylvania 28460 35970
Arizona 27200 34880
Indiana 26120 33820
Idaho 24850 32770
Tennessee 24630 32730
Oregon 28760 36980
Ohio 27580 35910
Missouri 26110 34460
Maryland 32870 41360
Kansas 25230 33780
Georgia 27230 35840
Colorado 31010 39820
Louisiana 22440 31230
Alabama 22840 31940
New Hampshire 28330 37450
Michigan 30210 39590
Minnesota 30280 39840
Texas 25550 35310
Connecticut 34390 44400
Virginia 28990 39130
California 31810 41980
Delaware 28530 39050
New York 33030 43590
Alaska 31470 42170
Washington 30170 40860
Illinois 26140 38580
Massachusetts 30290 45290
District of Columbia 35890 57980
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152 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential
Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th
Maryland $20280 $51010 1515
California 19480 48760 1503
Arkansas 16580 41320 1492
Kentucky 16670 41470 1488
South Carolina 17070 41960 1458
Louisiana 14290 34790 1435
Michigan 18960 45480 1399
Texas 16350 38400 1349
Virginia 18270 42500 1326
North Carolina 17810 41230 1315
Oklahoma 15540 35940 1313
New Jersey 23450 54130 1308
Alabama 15190 34970 1302
Missouri 17000 39060 1298
Pennsylvania 18490 42430 1295
Georgia 17650 40320 1284
New York 20400 46450 1277
West Virginia 15260 34470 1259
Connecticut 22590 50920 1254
Oregon 18620 41930 1252
Mississippi 15830 35610 1250
Florida 18310 41140 1247
Colorado 20080 44700 1226
Illinois 17200 37840 1200
Kansas 16810 36910 1196
District of Columbia 23950 52470 1191
New Hampshire 18950 41510 1191
Arizona 18370 40230 1190
Tennessee 16440 35880 1182
South Dakota 17760 38580 1172
Wisconsin 19210 41620 1167
Massachusetts 20080 43490 1166
New Mexico 16840 36430 1163
Iowa 16790 36230 1158
Rhode Island 20270 43520 1147
Minnesota 20150 43020 1135
Washington 20090 42890 1135
Nevada 20680 44070 1131
Hawaii 21790 46360 1128
Vermont 19000 39920 1101
Indiana 18170 37670 1073
Montana 16490 34180 1073
Ohio 18880 39090 1070
Nebraska 18220 37040 1033
Wyoming 18020 36270 1013
North Dakota 16860 33780 1004
Maine 18920 36950 953
Delaware 21120 39470 869
Idaho 18800 33570 786
Alaska 23840 42250 772
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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 153
Per Capita (total population)
State Per 100000
Nebraska 376
Alaska 328
Kentucky 312
Vermont 290
Washington 280
Louisiana 261
Wyoming 260
Arkansas 246
District of Columbia 239
Oregon 216
Connecticut 199
Maine 194
Montana 193
Maryland 187
South Carolina 183
Texas 182
Minnesota 179
South Dakota 170
Kansas 170
Colorado 165
Ohio 164
West Virginia 160
Massachusetts 158
Missouri 151
Alabama 150
Utah 147
Virginia 144
Wisconsin 143
Nevada 143
New Hampshire 138
New York 136
Indiana 133
Hawaii 130
Idaho 125
Michigan 122
Pennsylvania 121
North Carolina 117
North Dakota 114
Oklahoma 106
California 100
Illinois 95
Georgia 95
Iowa 92
Florida 92
Mississippi 76
Rhode Island 75
Arizona 72
Tennessee 66
Delaware NA
New Mexico NA
New Jersey NA
Annual Openings Due to Replacements
State Percentage
North Dakota 1000
Tennessee 1000
Utah 1000
West Virginia 857
Connecticut 800
Wyoming 800
Pennsylvania 769
Alabama 750
Michigan 750
New York 750
Kansas 737
Indiana 733
Massachusetts 722
Virginia 719
Alaska 700
Georgia 700
Louisiana 700
Oregon 700
Ohio 695
Arkansas 682
District of Columbia 667
Kentucky 667
Maine 667
Montana 667
New Hampshire 667
Rhode Island 667
Wisconsin 667
Missouri 633
Washington 633
Maryland 629
Minnesota 625
South Dakota 600
Illinois 591
Texas 586
Nebraska 583
Vermont 571
Mississippi 556
Nevada 550
California 533
Arizona 529
Florida 517
Idaho 500
Iowa 500
North Carolina 500
Oklahoma 500
Colorado 440
Delaware NA
Hawaii NA
New Jersey NA
New Mexico NA
South Carolina NA
Total Growth
State Percentage
Nevada 290
Idaho 268
Utah 206
Arizona 205
California 200
Florida 190
Colorado 189
Wisconsin 179
North Carolina 175
Vermont 173
Mississippi 161
Nebraska 155
Wyoming 154
Illinois 153
Texas 152
Montana 136
Oklahoma 135
Minnesota 134
South Dakota 132
Maine 131
Washington 129
Missouri 128
Hawaii 125
Maryland 123
New Hampshire 119
Oregon 118
Iowa 111
Kentucky 110
Kansas 109
Arkansas 105
Alabama 104
Louisiana 103
Rhode Island 100
Massachusetts 99
Indiana 98
Ohio 96
Alaska 95
North Dakota 83
Virginia 83
Tennessee 79
Georgia 74
Michigan 73
New York 62
Pennsylvania 60
Connecticut 58
District of Columbia 37
South Carolina 13
West Virginia 07
Delaware NA
New Jersey NA
New Mexico NA
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154 Workers Who Care A 154
2000ndash2004 Wage Gain
State
M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004
Mississippi $32550 $48580 492
Arkansas 33370 48460 452
District of Columbia 53720 76790 429
Illinois 44190 63010 426
Wisconsin 36280 51570 421
Arizona 39770 56080 410
Rhode Island 43080 60280 399
Massachusetts 46360 64590 393
Maryland 44300 61170 381
New Mexico 36930 50690 373
Maine 40700 54400 337
Iowa 38790 51360 324
Tennessee 38590 50970 321
North Carolina 39530 51680 307
Louisiana 36680 47900 306
Georgia 42780 55290 292
Delaware 44990 58020 290
Hawaii 43450 55540 278
South Carolina 30050 38390 278
New Hampshire 47050 59370 262
Washington 47400 59450 254
Nebraska 39520 49420 251
Wyoming 48240 59460 233
Nevada 45470 55660 224
Montana 39930 48890 224
Indiana 41460 50730 224
Vermont 41220 50060 214
Texas 41400 50000 208
Pennsylvania 46740 56330 205
New York 48190 57810 200
Colorado 50350 60260 197
Kansas 37710 45100 196
New Jersey 48610 57720 187
South Dakota 41140 48500 179
Minnesota 49010 57460 172
Connecticut 48440 56630 169
Michigan 49130 56970 160
Kentucky 42780 49530 158
Ohio 43780 49950 141
California 52990 59980 132
Oregon 45200 51110 131
West Virginia 52030 58690 128
Missouri 43220 47520 99
Florida 47650 51860 88
Virginia 46930 50690 80
North Dakota 45330 48760 76
Utah 52140 52760 12
Alabama 48430 47860 -12
Alaska 72550 69920 -36
Oklahoma 51000 48950 -40
Idaho NA 57540 NA
2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark
State2004
Annual Wage2004 State
Annual Wage
West Virginia $58690 $30470
Alaska 69920 42170
Wyoming 59460 32510
Idaho 57540 32770
Illinois 63010 38580
Rhode Island 60280 38240
New Hampshire 59370 37450
Nevada 55660 34300
Arizona 56080 34880
Maine 54400 33480
Colorado 60260 39820
Pennsylvania 56330 35970
Mississippi 48580 28630
Maryland 61170 41360
Georgia 55290 35840
South Dakota 48500 29080
Iowa 51360 31990
Massachusetts 64590 45290
Montana 48890 29880
Delaware 58020 39050
Arkansas 48460 29560
District of Columbia 76790 57980
Hawaii 55540 36750
Utah 52760 34110
Washington 59450 40860
Tennessee 50970 32730
North Dakota 48760 30620
Florida 51860 33750
California 59980 41980
Oklahoma 48950 31150
New Mexico 50690 33000
Minnesota 57460 39840
North Carolina 51680 34120
Michigan 56970 39590
Kentucky 49530 32170
Indiana 50730 33820
Louisiana 47900 31230
Nebraska 49420 33060
Wisconsin 51570 35240
Alabama 47860 31940
Vermont 50060 34650
New Jersey 57720 43040
Texas 50000 35310
New York 57810 43590
Oregon 51110 36980
Ohio 49950 35910
Missouri 47520 34460
Connecticut 56630 44400
Virginia 50690 39130
Kansas 45100 33780
South Carolina 38390 31940
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10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential
Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th
Georgia $25560 $87400 2419
Oklahoma 24200 79280 2276
Louisiana 22230 69910 2145
Alabama 24760 76250 2080
Indiana 27450 84120 2064
Mississippi 25130 75640 2010
Illinois 29930 88790 1967
Texas 26610 78870 1964
Tennessee 26710 77310 1894
Ohio 27790 77000 1771
New Mexico 26220 71660 1733
Pennsylvania 32160 85780 1667
Colorado 33650 87990 1615
Nebraska 30270 78460 1592
Kansas 29280 75450 1577
Missouri 27730 70770 1552
Idaho 35550 90720 1552
Wyoming 35650 88510 1483
California 35640 87000 1441
Arizona 34540 83620 1421
South Carolina 23160 55650 1403
Virginia 31600 75260 1382
New York 36070 84810 1351
Michigan 36370 83820 1305
Maryland 37450 86280 1304
Hawaii 36260 82290 1269
West Virginia 38350 86860 1265
Iowa 31130 70470 1264
New Hampshire 37640 85200 1264
North Dakota 31910 72070 1259
Utah 32620 73240 1245
Connecticut 36970 82080 1220
North Carolina 34300 76000 1216
Massachusetts 40070 88560 1210
Nevada 34960 77220 1209
Wisconsin 33670 73140 1172
Montana 33720 72930 1163
Kentucky 31570 68250 1162
Florida 34030 73420 1158
New Jersey 37580 80810 1150
Alaska 46530 98010 1106
Oregon 34960 72230 1066
Delaware 38930 79770 1049
District of Columbia 51690 104710 1026
Rhode Island 42410 85560 1017
Arkansas 33110 64770 956
Washington 42620 83210 952
Maine 38140 73560 929
South Dakota 36470 69110 895
Minnesota 40110 74590 860
Vermont 36840 67160 823
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156 Workers Who Care A 156
Total Growth
State Percentage
Nevada 624
Alaska 583
Utah 554
Colorado 515
Idaho 506
Arizona 495
Wyoming 455
Delaware 443
Kansas 399
New Hampshire 391
Mississippi 389
Montana 382
New Mexico 350
Texas 340
North Carolina 333
Vermont 332
Florida 315
California 312
Oregon 306
Georgia 298
Wisconsin 293
South Dakota 289
Alabama 289
Oklahoma 288
Maine 287
Arkansas 284
New Jersey 280
Virginia 274
Minnesota 269
Missouri 267
Maryland 266
Nebraska 265
Iowa 257
Kentucky 253
Louisiana 245
Tennessee 244
Massachusetts 240
Illinois 237
Ohio 236
West Virginia 221
Indiana 220
South Carolina 213
Connecticut 206
North Dakota 205
Michigan 205
Hawaii 202
Pennsylvania 191
New York 190
Washington 179
Rhode Island 179
District of Columbia 50
Annual Openings Due to Replacements
State Percentage
District of Columbia 750
Massachusetts 519
Oregon 505
Colorado 467
Washington 423
New York 419
Rhode Island 419
Pennsylvania 406
Kansas 400
North Dakota 400
South Carolina 400
Michigan 391
Indiana 388
West Virginia 377
Illinois 356
Ohio 356
Tennessee 351
Connecticut 350
Louisiana 350
Kentucky 340
Hawaii 333
New Jersey 333
Minnesota 330
Maryland 329
Nebraska 327
Missouri 324
Virginia 322
Maine 318
Iowa 316
Arkansas 315
Wisconsin 313
Georgia 312
Oklahoma 309
Alabama 303
Alaska 300
New Mexico 300
South Dakota 300
Florida 297
California 293
North Carolina 290
Texas 279
Vermont 278
Montana 259
Mississippi 256
New Hampshire 244
Delaware 235
Idaho 211
Arizona 207
Nevada 176
Utah 167
Wyoming 00
Per Capita (total population)
State Per 100000
Oregon 1010
West Virginia 956
Missouri 937
South Dakota 934
Rhode Island 926
Kentucky 918
Alabama 897
Minnesota 879
Florida 870
Ohio 860
Michigan 844
Tennessee 841
Iowa 830
North Carolina 813
Maine 810
Pennsylvania 809
Texas 806
Nevada 800
Arkansas 796
District of Columbia 783
Illinois 774
Indiana 766
Oklahoma 765
South Carolina 765
Nebraska 764
Hawaii 761
Delaware 757
Virginia 729
Utah 724
Massachusetts 722
Connecticut 717
Maryland 704
Georgia 703
Louisiana 701
Wisconsin 697
Washington 691
New Hampshire 677
Idaho 660
New Mexico 647
Vermont 624
Mississippi 603
New Jersey 583
Kansas 582
Alaska 562
Montana 560
California 532
Arizona 525
Colorado 522
New York 502
North Dakota 484
Wyoming 441
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ians
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 157
2000ndash2004 Wage Gain
State
M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004
District of Columbia $23620 $31190 320
Connecticut 22020 28000 272
Alabama 17090 21520 259
Arizona 21030 26350 253
Maine 19080 23870 251
Rhode Island 20160 25140 247
Louisiana 18310 22810 246
Georgia 19390 24120 244
Maryland 21530 26740 242
Nebraska 19800 24460 235
New York 21500 26490 232
Texas 20800 25580 230
Kansas 19620 24040 225
Virginia 19550 23840 219
North Dakota 20570 25070 219
North Carolina 19060 23120 213
Massachusetts 22040 26640 209
Michigan 21180 25440 201
Alaska 27470 32710 191
Montana 21900 26060 190
South Carolina 20090 23830 186
New Mexico 22040 26150 186
Wyoming 21970 25930 180
Ohio 19580 23100 180
Minnesota 23240 27250 173
Indiana 20180 23660 172
New Hampshire 19960 23380 171
Illinois 20920 24480 170
Idaho 21860 25560 169
Nevada 25200 29440 168
Washington 27010 31480 165
Wisconsin 20450 23770 162
Oregon 25310 29370 160
Mississippi 18770 21710 157
New Jersey 21160 24440 155
Oklahoma 18850 21620 147
Arkansas 17830 20450 147
Missouri 19060 21790 143
Tennessee 20540 23410 140
South Dakota 21710 24740 140
Utah 23690 26990 139
West Virginia 18250 20710 135
Iowa 20280 22590 114
Florida 20160 22360 109
Colorado 25780 28590 109
Hawaii 24860 27550 108
Kentucky 20000 22030 102
Pennsylvania 19380 21300 99
California 30660 33090 79
Vermont 21160 22760 76
Delaware 18990 20270 67
2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark
State2004
Annual Wage2004 State
Annual Wage
Montana $26060 $29880
South Dakota 24740 29080
Nevada 29440 34300
North Dakota 25070 30620
Virgin Islands 22530 28340
Wyoming 25930 32510
New Mexico 26150 33000
Mississippi 21710 28630
Utah 26990 34110
Idaho 25560 32770
Oregon 29370 36980
South Carolina 23830 31940
Louisiana 22810 31230
Arizona 26350 34880
Nebraska 24460 33060
California 33090 41980
Arkansas 20450 29560
Hawaii 27550 36750
Tennessee 23410 32730
Washington 31480 40860
Iowa 22590 31990
Alaska 32710 42170
Oklahoma 21620 31150
Maine 23870 33480
Kansas 24040 33780
Texas 25580 35310
West Virginia 20710 30470
Kentucky 22030 32170
Indiana 23660 33820
Alabama 21520 31940
North Carolina 23120 34120
Colorado 28590 39820
Florida 22360 33750
Wisconsin 23770 35240
Georgia 24120 35840
Vermont 22760 34650
Minnesota 27250 39840
Missouri 21790 34460
Ohio 23100 35910
Rhode Island 25140 38240
New Hampshire 23380 37450
Illinois 24480 38580
Michigan 25440 39590
Maryland 26740 41360
Pennsylvania 21300 35970
Virginia 23840 39130
Connecticut 28000 44400
New York 26490 43590
New Jersey 24440 43040
Massachusetts 26640 45290
Delaware 20270 39050
District of Columbia 31190 57980
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158 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential
Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th
Rhode Island $14680 $36690 1499
New York 16740 38630 1308
Delaware 13540 30590 1259
Georgia 16160 34090 1110
Kentucky 14890 31250 1099
North Carolina 15580 32450 1083
Maryland 18620 38760 1082
Connecticut 18970 39480 1081
West Virginia 14250 29590 1076
Pennsylvania 14650 30400 1075
Vermont 15510 32020 1064
New Jersey 16750 34540 1062
Ohio 15690 32240 1055
New Mexico 18290 37160 1032
Wisconsin 16260 32580 1004
Tennessee 16300 31980 962
South Carolina 16660 32380 944
Missouri 15360 29650 930
Mississippi 15480 29840 928
Virginia 17020 32690 921
Hawaii 18720 35710 908
Louisiana 15900 30240 902
Massachusetts 19050 36210 901
Kansas 17460 32950 887
Maine 17050 32060 880
New Hampshire 16980 31850 876
Indiana 16880 31460 864
Illinois 18160 33730 857
Florida 16060 29770 854
Wyoming 18960 34840 838
Arizona 19220 35250 834
Michigan 18630 34010 826
California 24060 43620 813
Minnesota 19650 35570 810
Idaho 18690 33710 804
North Dakota 19340 34870 803
Alabama 15600 27990 794
Texas 18720 33580 794
Iowa 16350 29160 783
Colorado 20440 36160 769
Oklahoma 15880 28030 765
Nebraska 18500 32490 756
South Dakota 19030 33310 750
Arkansas 15450 26990 747
Montana 19610 34030 735
Alaska 24420 41870 715
District of Columbia 23990 40640 694
Oregon 21430 36110 685
Nevada 21770 36210 663
Utah 20650 34340 663
Washington 24130 39490 637
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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 159
Total Growth
State Percentage
Arizona 507
Idaho 460
Nevada 416
Utah 392
Colorado 364
Wyoming 346
New Mexico 323
North Carolina 315
Arkansas 314
Georgia 311
New Hampshire 308
Texas 300
Mississippi 299
Kansas 299
Florida 297
Virginia 278
Minnesota 277
Wisconsin 277
South Dakota 270
Alaska 267
Montana 254
New Jersey 246
Missouri 243
Oregon 240
Maine 232
Indiana 226
Tennessee 221
California 215
Alabama 214
Maryland 212
Delaware 204
Washington 201
West Virginia 198
Rhode Island 194
Ohio 186
Oklahoma 185
North Dakota 180
Iowa 180
Massachusetts 174
Hawaii 167
Nebraska 165
New York 164
Connecticut 153
Louisiana 149
Vermont 147
Michigan 128
Kentucky 122
Illinois 122
South Carolina 70
Pennsylvania 64
District of Columbia 26
Annual Openings Due to Replacements
State Percentage
District of Columbia 833
South Carolina 750
Pennsylvania 743
Illinois 608
Kentucky 604
Michigan 589
Vermont 583
Louisiana 580
Massachusetts 555
Connecticut 550
Iowa 538
Nebraska 538
New York 526
Oklahoma 525
Hawaii 500
North Dakota 500
Ohio 500
Washington 500
Rhode Island 485
West Virginia 481
Delaware 476
Oregon 475
Maryland 472
Tennessee 469
California 466
Indiana 459
Alabama 458
Colorado 458
Missouri 447
Maine 441
New Jersey 440
Montana 419
Kansas 418
Wisconsin 412
Minnesota 404
Virginia 403
New Mexico 400
Florida 392
South Dakota 389
Mississippi 388
Texas 385
Georgia 377
Utah 375
New Hampshire 371
Arkansas 370
North Carolina 367
Nevada 304
Idaho 294
Arizona 270
Alaska 100
Wyoming 00
Per Capita (total population)
State Per 100000
South Dakota 1045
District of Columbia 1004
South Carolina 867
Connecticut 853
Nebraska 848
Kentucky 838
Rhode Island 819
Montana 775
West Virginia 743
Ohio 743
Arkansas 736
Pennsylvania 725
Arizona 725
Massachusetts 719
North Carolina 710
Missouri 673
Tennessee 672
Wisconsin 671
Delaware 670
Virginia 669
New Jersey 665
Indiana 661
Alabama 656
Florida 651
Maine 635
Louisiana 630
Minnesota 626
Iowa 617
Utah 616
Idaho 591
Oklahoma 588
Vermont 584
Mississippi 574
Maryland 569
Kansas 568
New York 557
New Hampshire 547
Hawaii 535
Nevada 526
Wyoming 521
Georgia 515
Michigan 515
Texas 513
North Dakota 508
New Mexico 501
Illinois 500
Washington 493
Oregon 485
Colorado 476
Alaska 468
California 412
Ap
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160 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
2000ndash2004 Wage Gain
State
M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004
Missouri $33770 $54220 606
Maine 33710 45960 363
Massachusetts 42190 57070 353
Montana 30430 41150 352
Louisiana 31100 41210 325
Georgia 33050 43640 320
Pennsylvania 32740 43070 316
Wisconsin 34270 45040 314
Kansas 31220 40760 306
New Mexico 35420 45860 295
Nebraska 30300 39180 293
Iowa 30070 38790 290
Indiana 33620 43210 285
Colorado 36560 46800 280
Ohio 33380 42580 276
West Virginia 29950 38000 269
Arizona 35190 44550 266
Washington 40990 51660 260
Vermont 35310 44440 259
Virginia 34620 43560 258
Connecticut 40290 50390 251
Rhode Island 40100 50090 249
Texas 34430 42950 247
North Carolina 35810 44600 245
New Hampshire 38220 47550 244
Michigan 35590 44200 242
Minnesota 39200 48650 241
Oregon 40310 49980 240
Alaska 45740 56330 232
Kentucky 33350 40920 227
Illinois 35410 43130 218
New Jersey 43800 53260 216
Maryland 43850 53300 216
Oklahoma 32540 39510 214
Wyoming 36160 43900 214
Idaho 34940 42270 210
Florida 35840 43220 206
Nevada 41920 50510 205
South Dakota 33940 40770 201
Arkansas 31930 38240 198
District of Columbia 40490 48370 195
Mississippi 32750 38840 186
New York 44000 52130 185
Hawaii 43790 51880 185
California 44650 52810 183
Utah 34970 40910 170
South Carolina 37020 42650 152
Alabama 33800 38650 143
Delaware 40110 42260 54
North Dakota 34600 35880 37
Tennessee 41530 41260 -07
2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark
State2004
Annual Wage2004 State
Annual Wage
Missouri $54220 $34460
Nevada 50510 34300
Hawaii 51880 36750
Alaska 56330 42170
Oregon 49980 36980
New Mexico 45860 33000
Maine 45960 33480
Maryland 53300 41360
Rhode Island 50090 38240
Massachusetts 57070 45290
South Dakota 40770 29080
Wyoming 43900 32510
Montana 41150 29880
California 52810 41980
Washington 51660 40860
South Carolina 42650 31940
North Carolina 44600 34120
New Jersey 53260 43040
Mississippi 38840 28630
New Hampshire 47550 37450
Louisiana 41210 31230
Wisconsin 45040 35240
Vermont 44440 34650
Arizona 44550 34880
Idaho 42270 32770
Florida 43220 33750
Indiana 43210 33820
Minnesota 48650 39840
Kentucky 40920 32170
Arkansas 38240 29560
Tennessee 41260 32730
New York 52130 43590
Oklahoma 39510 31150
Georgia 43640 35840
Texas 42950 35310
West Virginia 38000 30470
Pennsylvania 43070 35970
Colorado 46800 39820
Kansas 40760 33780
Utah 40910 34110
Iowa 38790 31990
Alabama 38650 31940
Ohio 42580 35910
Nebraska 39180 33060
Connecticut 50390 44400
North Dakota 35880 30620
Michigan 44200 39590
Illinois 43130 38580
Virginia 43560 39130
Delaware 42260 39050
District of Columbia 48370 57980
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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 161
10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential
Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th
Missouri $26890 $69260 1576
Arizona 25820 64160 1485
Illinois 27560 60250 1186
Tennessee 26280 56180 1138
Arkansas 25240 53760 1130
Virginia 28150 59210 1103
Oklahoma 26440 54660 1067
California 35470 72560 1046
Nebraska 26580 54220 1040
Wyoming 29210 59420 1034
South Carolina 28530 57860 1028
Mississippi 26150 52990 1026
Utah 27570 55550 1015
District of Columbia 33430 66980 1004
Texas 28800 57420 994
Massachusetts 36750 72890 983
Montana 27840 54750 967
Maine 32110 62620 950
North Dakota 24250 47120 943
Pennsylvania 30180 58340 933
Colorado 32860 63050 919
Minnesota 34210 65450 913
Florida 29950 57230 911
South Dakota 29120 55070 891
Georgia 30250 57030 885
New York 37280 69920 876
Delaware 29880 55490 857
Washington 37640 69470 846
Louisiana 29930 55150 843
New Mexico 32410 59460 835
Oregon 35800 65370 826
North Carolina 31540 57530 824
Indiana 31070 56550 820
Michigan 31170 56670 818
Alabama 28340 51250 808
Kentucky 30290 54530 800
Iowa 29160 52020 784
Kansas 30180 53700 779
Maryland 39290 69890 779
New Jersey 39380 69840 773
Connecticut 37760 66890 771
Idaho 31370 55520 770
Wisconsin 32930 57740 753
Ohio 31770 54890 728
Vermont 33160 56480 703
Nevada 38460 65180 695
West Virginia 28840 48840 693
Hawaii 39160 65590 675
Alaska 43400 71030 637
New Hampshire 37550 58200 550
Rhode Island 39590 59900 513
Ap
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162 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Total Growth
State Percentage
Arizona 731
Colorado 579
Idaho 578
Nevada 533
Utah 533
Mississippi 526
New Mexico 500
Georgia 486
Texas 474
North Carolina 471
Montana 471
Florida 444
Wisconsin 443
Kansas 429
Arkansas 418
Minnesota 416
Maine 411
Nebraska 404
California 400
West Virginia 384
Rhode Island 352
Tennessee 342
Delaware 333
Indiana 333
New Jersey 333
Virginia 331
Ohio 328
Oklahoma 324
Missouri 322
Iowa 309
Connecticut 304
Louisiana 302
Michigan 302
Maryland 286
New York 274
Vermont 273
Illinois 270
Massachusetts 269
Oregon 265
Kentucky 202
Washington 182
South Carolina 179
Alabama 167
Pennsylvania 164
District of Columbia 161
Alaska NA
Hawaii NA
New Hampshire NA
North Dakota NA
South Dakota NA
Wyoming NA
Per Capita (total population)
State Per 100000
Delaware 298
District of Columbia 275
Louisiana 237
Kentucky 207
Idaho 200
South Carolina 163
Missouri 153
Illinois 147
New Jersey 140
Tennessee 131
Montana 131
Wisconsin 129
Arizona 124
Rhode Island 120
Arkansas 119
Pennsylvania 118
Alabama 107
Oklahoma 106
West Virginia 105
Massachusetts 104
Indiana 102
New Mexico 97
Oregon 97
Maryland 96
Iowa 94
Florida 92
Vermont 89
Texas 87
Georgia 87
North Carolina 84
Kansas 77
Mississippi 74
Nevada 69
Connecticut 66
New York 65
Utah 65
Virginia 59
Minnesota 58
Washington 54
Ohio 53
Michigan 53
Maine 43
California 43
Colorado 42
Nebraska 27
Alaska NA
Hawaii NA
New Hampshire NA
North Dakota NA
South Dakota NA
Wyoming NA
Annual Openings Due to Replacements
State Percentage
Oregon 550
Iowa 500
Colorado 476
Massachusetts 472
Pennsylvania 455
District of Columbia 400
New York 400
Oklahoma 400
South Carolina 400
Kentucky 393
Louisiana 360
Kansas 357
Alabama 333
Maine 333
Nebraska 333
New Jersey 333
Rhode Island 333
Vermont 333
Illinois 324
Maryland 318
Michigan 304
Connecticut 300
Indiana 300
Missouri 300
Virginia 300
Washington 300
West Virginia 300
Ohio 286
Tennessee 286
Georgia 280
Delaware 273
California 250
Minnesota 250
Montana 250
North Carolina 250
Wisconsin 250
Florida 244
Arkansas 222
Texas 217
Mississippi 214
Idaho 211
Arizona 155
Nevada 100
Utah 00
Alaska NA
Hawaii NA
New Hampshire NA
New Mexico NA
North Dakota NA
South Dakota NA
Wyoming NA
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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 163
2000ndash2004 Wage Gain
State
M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004
Idaho $27200 $41140 513
Colorado 27810 39460 419
Maine 29840 40080 343
Illinois 28720 38420 338
Pennsylvania 29790 38740 300
Virginia 31430 40720 296
Arizona 28330 36060 273
Louisiana 29430 37380 270
Minnesota 30440 38650 270
Michigan 29520 37280 263
Missouri 26590 33510 260
New York 34880 43940 260
Nebraska 29620 37250 258
Massachusetts 36460 45380 245
Iowa 27080 33000 219
Georgia 29980 36500 217
New Mexico 29260 35440 211
Arkansas 26490 31910 205
Utah 24740 29570 195
Kentucky 27710 32870 186
Hawaii 38780 45850 182
Texas 30980 36400 175
Florida 32080 37530 170
Oklahoma 29290 33200 133
New Jersey 40830 46020 127
Wisconsin 34540 38460 113
Indiana 34890 38710 109
Alabama 28630 31350 95
North Carolina 31260 33990 87
Connecticut 38910 41970 79
West Virginia 31940 34010 65
California 40280 42860 64
Mississippi 28930 30410 51
Ohio 33360 34820 44
Kansas 28680 29660 34
Tennessee 32580 33280 21
Washington 39350 39490 04
South Carolina 35360 35150 -06
District of Columbia 37190 36960 -06
Montana 34180 31520 -78
Maryland 58730 51860 -117
Wyoming 36090 31010 -141
Nevada 40140 NA NA
Oregon 39480 NA NA
Vermont 29240 NA NA
2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark
State2004
Annual Wage2004 State
Annual Wage
Maryland $51860 $41360
Hawaii 45850 36750
Idaho 41140 32770
Maine 40080 33480
Louisiana 37380 31230
Indiana 38710 33820
Nebraska 37250 33060
Florida 37530 33750
West Virginia 34010 30470
South Carolina 35150 31940
Wisconsin 38460 35240
New Jersey 46020 43040
Pennsylvania 38740 35970
New Mexico 35440 33000
Arkansas 31910 29560
Oklahoma 33200 31150
Mississippi 30410 28630
Montana 31520 29880
Virginia 40720 39130
Arizona 36060 34880
Texas 36400 35310
Iowa 33000 31990
California 42860 41980
Kentucky 32870 32170
Georgia 36500 35840
Tennessee 33280 32730
New York 43940 43590
Massachusetts 45380 45290
North Carolina 33990 34120
Illinois 38420 38580
Colorado 39460 39820
Alabama 31350 31940
Missouri 33510 34460
Ohio 34820 35910
Minnesota 38650 39840
Washington 39490 40860
Wyoming 31010 32510
Michigan 37280 39590
Connecticut 41970 44400
Kansas 29660 33780
Utah 29570 34110
District of Columbia 36960 57980
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164 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential
Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th
Massachusetts $25980 $75070 1890
Arkansas 18300 47900 1617
Wyoming 18780 45360 1415
Alabama 19480 43630 1240
Montana 19460 43310 1226
Georgia 23580 51360 1178
Connecticut 26540 57750 1176
Washington 25320 54720 1161
Michigan 24410 52740 1161
Nebraska 24600 51510 1094
Texas 24170 49590 1052
Pennsylvania 26470 53490 1021
North Carolina 22970 45220 969
Arizona 25160 49490 967
New Mexico 24240 47380 955
California 29510 57470 947
Missouri 23410 45360 938
Wisconsin 24650 47590 931
New York 30420 58420 920
Oklahoma 23340 44380 901
Colorado 28370 52700 858
South Carolina 24730 45820 853
Illinois 26890 49640 846
Kansas 20920 38490 840
District of Columbia 26530 48770 838
Iowa 24130 43760 814
Idaho 30570 54990 799
Virginia 29770 53410 794
Ohio 25030 44700 786
New Jersey 33150 59160 785
Maryland 38090 67620 775
Kentucky 24740 43420 755
Hawaii 32340 55820 726
Minnesota 28940 49700 717
West Virginia 25550 43690 710
Tennessee 25150 42860 704
Utah 23390 38660 653
Mississippi 23380 38510 647
Indiana 29150 47640 634
Florida 29950 46720 560
Louisiana 29320 45230 543
Maine 33270 46990 412
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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 165
Per Capita (total population)
State Per 100000
District of Columbia 533
South Dakota 463
Kentucky 367
South Carolina 363
Kansas 343
Mississippi 340
Louisiana 328
Oklahoma 318
Tennessee 318
North Dakota 317
Minnesota 315
Wisconsin 314
Alabama 312
Montana 293
Massachusetts 284
Missouri 283
Pennsylvania 283
Indiana 276
Washington 274
West Virginia 271
Maryland 270
Maine 267
North Carolina 262
Texas 260
Arizona 259
Georgia 249
Nebraska 246
California 246
Florida 245
Connecticut 240
Ohio 230
Illinois 229
Utah 228
Nevada 221
Iowa 215
New York 209
Colorado 209
Michigan 208
Arkansas 203
Rhode Island 203
New Hampshire 190
Virginia 182
Idaho 175
New Jersey 175
Delaware 174
Oregon 167
New Mexico 162
Alaska 156
Wyoming 120
Hawaii NA
Vermont NA
Annual Openings Due to Replacements
State Percentage
District of Columbia 667
Alaska 600
South Carolina 575
Oregon 533
Pennsylvania 529
Connecticut 500
Iowa 500
Massachusetts 475
Colorado 466
Washington 417
Illinois 404
Alabama 400
Delaware 400
New Mexico 400
Michigan 386
Kentucky 385
New York 385
North Dakota 375
Rhode Island 375
Louisiana 367
Kansas 365
Ohio 362
Maryland 345
New Jersey 333
Tennessee 333
Utah 333
Indiana 329
Virginia 327
Missouri 314
Maine 313
South Dakota 313
Montana 286
West Virginia 286
Arkansas 280
Nebraska 278
Minnesota 273
North Carolina 273
California 262
Texas 259
Florida 250
Georgia 250
Oklahoma 250
Wisconsin 250
Mississippi 245
New Hampshire 231
Idaho 214
Nevada 200
Arizona 167
Hawaii NA
Vermont NA
Wyoming NA
Total Growth
State Percentage
Arizona 637
Colorado 500
Nevada 492
Idaho 477
Utah 472
Kansas 430
Georgia 423
Mississippi 406
Alaska 400
New Mexico 400
New Hampshire 391
North Carolina 381
Texas 381
Florida 367
California 360
Montana 360
Minnesota 358
Wisconsin 357
South Dakota 324
Arkansas 318
Maine 308
Nebraska 304
Missouri 298
West Virginia 290
Massachusetts 286
Tennessee 283
Indiana 276
Oklahoma 270
North Dakota 269
New Jersey 267
Virginia 262
Louisiana 259
Oregon 254
Rhode Island 249
Maryland 245
Ohio 229
Alabama 229
Delaware 214
Iowa 214
Kentucky 214
Washington 211
Michigan 201
Illinois 196
Connecticut 193
New York 187
Wyoming 167
Pennsylvania 115
South Carolina 114
District of Columbia 63
Hawaii NA
Vermont NA
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166 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
2000ndash2004 Wage Gain
State
M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004
Wisconsin $30020 $39700 322
Georgia 23960 31320 307
Maine 26580 34670 304
Montana 28710 37240 297
Arizona 31720 40830 287
New York 28360 36490 287
Mississippi 21940 28150 283
Connecticut 35200 44610 267
Illinois 30650 38740 264
New Mexico 23630 29490 248
North Dakota 25470 31800 249
Nevada 33100 41190 244
Kansas 25730 32010 244
Wyoming 24530 30480 243
Florida 27670 34260 238
Washington 32420 39990 233
Colorado 29800 36730 233
Arkansas 23130 28500 232
South Dakota 25550 31380 228
Texas 27500 33780 228
Virginia 29090 35260 212
California 33910 41010 209
South Carolina 26570 32140 210
Ohio 28230 33880 200
Rhode Island 32590 39130 201
New Jersey 33680 40400 200
Missouri 27400 32800 197
Michigan 30290 36250 197
West Virginia 25890 30810 190
Massachusetts 34200 40660 189
Alabama 24150 28620 185
Minnesota 34720 41150 185
Kentucky 26960 31670 175
Iowa 26930 31560 172
Maryland 35610 41670 170
Louisiana 25480 29670 164
Oregon 33440 38900 163
Indiana 31170 36000 155
Alaska 36220 41770 153
Tennessee 29930 34230 144
Nebraska 28170 31970 135
New Hampshire 31590 35710 130
Pennsylvania 28140 31450 118
North Carolina 29000 32140 108
Oklahoma 26460 28500 77
District of Columbia 33210 35390 66
Utah 28490 29570 38
Hawaii 34380 34270 -03
Idaho 36390 35910 -13
Delaware 31860 NA NA
Vermont NA 32150 NA
2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark
State2004
Annual Wage2004 State
Annual Wage
Montana $37240 $29880
Nevada 41190 34300
Arizona 40830 34880
Wisconsin 39700 35240
Idaho 35910 32770
South Dakota 31380 29080
Indiana 36000 33820
Oregon 38900 36980
Tennessee 34230 32730
Minnesota 41150 39840
Maine 34670 33480
North Dakota 31800 30620
Rhode Island 39130 38240
Florida 34260 33750
West Virginia 30810 30470
Maryland 41670 41360
South Carolina 32140 31940
Connecticut 44610 44400
Illinois 38740 38580
Alaska 41770 42170
Iowa 31560 31990
Kentucky 31670 32170
Mississippi 28150 28630
Washington 39990 40860
California 41010 41980
Arkansas 28500 29560
Nebraska 31970 33060
Texas 33780 35310
Louisiana 29670 31230
Missouri 32800 34460
New Hampshire 35710 37450
Kansas 32010 33780
North Carolina 32140 34120
Wyoming 30480 32510
Ohio 33880 35910
Hawaii 34270 36750
Vermont 32150 34650
New Jersey 40400 43040
Oklahoma 28500 31150
Colorado 36730 39820
Alabama 28620 31940
Michigan 36250 39590
New Mexico 29490 33000
Virginia 35260 39130
Georgia 31320 35840
Pennsylvania 31450 35970
Utah 29570 34110
Massachusetts 40660 45290
New York 36490 43590
District of Columbia 35390 57980
Ap
pend
ix B
Ta
ble
s |
Allie
d H
ealth
Ro
les | S
urg
ical Te
chnolo
gists
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 167
10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential
Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th
Illinois $25190 $61410 1438
West Virginia 19710 46590 1364
New Mexico 18830 40460 1149
Missouri 21670 45380 1094
Arizona 26730 55970 1094
Idaho 22220 46000 1070
Alabama 19140 38650 1019
Louisiana 19840 40060 1019
Texas 22420 45090 1011
Wyoming 21410 42900 1004
Connecticut 28990 57950 999
Arkansas 19700 39240 992
Rhode Island 26890 53400 986
Colorado 25260 49660 966
Virginia 24710 48360 957
Tennessee 23940 46530 944
Maryland 28790 55900 942
Georgia 22460 43420 933
Pennsylvania 21910 42070 920
Nevada 28780 55140 916
Mississippi 19120 36570 913
Kansas 23110 44060 907
California 29650 55750 880
Indiana 25860 48490 875
Massachusetts 29230 54420 862
New York 27340 50830 859
Florida 24850 46020 852
Utah 21370 39510 849
Iowa 23160 41970 812
Nebraska 23650 42680 805
Kentucky 23360 42110 803
District of Columbia 25640 45840 788
New Jersey 30020 53420 779
Oklahoma 20590 36560 776
South Carolina 24140 42580 764
North Dakota 23990 42310 764
Ohio 25050 43680 744
North Carolina 24460 42260 728
Alaska 31420 54250 727
Minnesota 31190 53640 720
South Dakota 24150 41470 717
Washington 29940 51410 717
Wisconsin 30340 51690 704
Hawaii 25790 43830 699
Montana 26900 45230 681
Maine 26620 44250 662
Vermont 25190 41440 645
New Hampshire 27040 44200 635
Michigan 27970 44710 598
Oregon 30440 48020 578
Ap
pend
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ble
s |
Allie
d H
ealth
Ro
les | S
urg
ical Te
chnolo
gists
168 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Per Capita (total population)
State Per 100000
District of Columbia 669
Vermont 462
Delaware 347
Hawaii 332
Oregon 315
Alaska 296
Georgia 290
Maine 276
Minnesota 262
Massachusetts 245
New Jersey 210
New Mexico 205
Rhode Island 201
Washington 199
Maryland 194
Colorado 180
New York 178
Oklahoma 169
Nebraska 166
Missouri 165
North Carolina 161
California 157
Mississippi 154
Florida 149
New Hampshire 148
Kentucky 142
Ohio 135
Indiana 127
Texas 127
Michigan 123
Wisconsin 123
Utah 121
Pennsylvania 114
West Virginia 111
Kansas 107
Montana 104
Connecticut 104
Tennessee 102
Virginia 101
Nevada 92
Arizona 88
Iowa 83
South Dakota 83
Louisiana 83
Alabama 80
Idaho 74
Arkansas 73
Illinois 73
South Carolina 41
North Dakota NA
Wyoming NA
Annual Openings Due to Replacements
State Percentage
District of Columbia 875
Michigan 667
Rhode Island 667
West Virginia 667
New York 600
Arkansas 571
Illinois 571
Maryland 559
Washington 540
Indiana 533
Alaska 500
California 500
Delaware 500
Hawaii 500
Idaho 500
Iowa 500
Missouri 500
Montana 500
New Mexico 500
Ohio 500
Tennessee 500
Utah 500
Vermont 500
Wisconsin 500
Georgia 489
Pennsylvania 472
Mississippi 471
Colorado 460
Nebraska 455
Massachusetts 451
Virginia 448
Maine 429
New Jersey 429
Kentucky 400
Louisiana 400
Texas 400
Minnesota 397
Florida 383
Arizona 375
Kansas 375
New Hampshire 375
Oklahoma 350
Oregon 350
Alabama 333
North Carolina 333
South Dakota 333
Connecticut 300
Nevada 100
North Dakota NA
South Carolina NA
Wyoming NA
Total Growth
State Percentage
Utah 464
Nevada 450
Colorado 333
Arizona 315
Florida 298
South Dakota 286
New Hampshire 275
Texas 273
Minnesota 264
Alaska 263
New Mexico 263
Kentucky 256
Hawaii 244
Montana 242
Maine 235
Oregon 234
North Carolina 231
Missouri 223
Alabama 222
New Jersey 222
Virginia 221
Delaware 214
Idaho 212
Oklahoma 203
Mississippi 201
Pennsylvania 199
Washington 198
Connecticut 194
Arkansas 192
Nebraska 192
Georgia 185
California 182
Indiana 179
Wisconsin 179
Vermont 179
Massachusetts 178
Ohio 175
Kansas 172
Louisiana 162
Tennessee 153
Iowa 143
Maryland 142
Illinois 131
West Virginia 115
New York 115
Rhode Island 112
Michigan 89
South Carolina 59
District of Columbia 24
North Dakota NA
Wyoming NA
Ap
pend
ix B
Ta
ble
s |
Co
mm
unity
and
Pub
lic H
ealth
Ro
les | H
ealth
Educato
rs
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 169
2000ndash2004 Wage Gain
State
M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004
Tennessee $30470 $53100 743
Connecticut 35770 49190 375
Oregon 32730 44400 357
New Hampshire 32280 42320 311
Georgia 38500 50460 311
Virginia 32460 42520 310
Illinois 32460 41940 292
Louisiana 28950 36870 274
Alabama 30900 39080 265
Wyoming 30350 38320 263
Oklahoma 26880 33880 260
Colorado 36490 45700 252
Missouri 31930 39600 240
District of Columbia 49980 61620 233
Kentucky 31120 38220 228
Florida 32690 40160 229
Washington 39150 47710 219
Maryland 54610 66520 218
South Dakota 35200 42770 215
Indiana 31220 37740 209
Vermont 35180 42120 197
Wisconsin 32400 38670 194
Idaho 34260 40350 178
Pennsylvania 34380 40100 166
Iowa 32230 37290 157
North Carolina 34590 39700 148
New York 37560 42940 143
New Mexico 33450 38120 140
Ohio 34790 39480 135
California 40230 44430 104
Maine 31030 34230 103
Michigan 40500 44570 100
Minnesota 39400 43300 99
Texas 32870 36100 98
Arkansas 37040 40600 96
Montana 31400 33940 81
South Carolina 38110 40740 69
Kansas 34050 36210 63
Nebraska 35720 37950 62
Massachusetts 39520 41900 60
Utah 34080 35700 48
Hawaii 37030 38370 36
Alaska 36660 37860 33
New Jersey 46280 46310 01
Nevada 42190 41380 -19
Mississippi 35950 34470 -41
West Virginia 28650 25140 -123
Arizona 45390 39650 -126
Delaware NA 43320 NA
North Dakota NA 26120 NA
Rhode Island 50780 NA NA
2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark
State2004
Annual Wage2004 State
Annual Wage
Maryland $66520 $41360
Tennessee 53100 32730
Georgia 50460 35840
South Dakota 42770 29080
Arkansas 40600 29560
South Carolina 40740 31940
Idaho 40350 32770
Vermont 42120 34650
Oregon 44400 36980
Alabama 39080 31940
Nevada 41380 34300
Washington 47710 40860
Florida 40160 33750
Kentucky 38220 32170
Colorado 45700 39820
Mississippi 34470 28630
Wyoming 38320 32510
Louisiana 36870 31230
North Carolina 39700 34120
Iowa 37290 31990
Missouri 39600 34460
New Mexico 38120 33000
Michigan 44570 39590
Nebraska 37950 33060
New Hampshire 42320 37450
Connecticut 49190 44400
Arizona 39650 34880
Delaware 43320 39050
Pennsylvania 40100 35970
Montana 33940 29880
Indiana 37740 33820
District of Columbia 61620 57980
Ohio 39480 35910
Minnesota 43300 39840
Wisconsin 38670 35240
Virginia 42520 39130
Illinois 41940 38580
New Jersey 46310 43040
Oklahoma 33880 31150
California 44430 41980
Kansas 36210 33780
Hawaii 38370 36750
Utah 35700 34110
Maine 34230 33480
Texas 36100 35310
New York 42940 43590
Massachusetts 41900 45290
Alaska 37860 42170
North Dakota 26120 30620
West Virginia 25140 30470
Ap
pend
ix B
Ta
ble
s |
Co
mm
unity
and
Pub
lic H
ealth
Ro
les | H
ealth
Educato
rs
170 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential
Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th
Tennessee $24540 $95610 2896
Maryland 29730 106730 2590
Nevada 18540 64050 2455
North Dakota 13050 43590 2340
District of Columbia 31340 103490 2302
Arizona 20640 65190 2158
Illinois 22240 69850 2141
Kansas 18080 56470 2123
California 23080 72010 2120
Indiana 19270 59380 2081
Colorado 23270 71270 2063
Missouri 20730 62400 2010
Pennsylvania 20550 61650 2000
Maine 18190 54450 1993
West Virginia 13620 40060 1941
Massachusetts 22570 66210 1934
Georgia 29020 83980 1894
Louisiana 19820 56620 1857
Utah 19570 55740 1848
New Mexico 20180 56400 1795
Iowa 20250 55470 1739
Texas 21610 58450 1705
Arkansas 24610 63670 1587
Nebraska 21580 55830 1587
Delaware 25140 64650 1572
Virginia 24910 63970 1568
Oklahoma 20600 52470 1547
Minnesota 26030 65120 1502
Alabama 24140 60290 1498
South Dakota 26510 65870 1485
New York 26600 66090 1485
Florida 24540 59780 1436
Kentucky 23190 56430 1433
Wyoming 22590 54950 1432
Wisconsin 23340 56590 1425
Ohio 23600 57220 1425
New Jersey 28800 69270 1405
Hawaii 24290 58270 1399
Michigan 26880 64160 1387
Oregon 27910 66430 1380
Alaska 24570 57610 1345
South Carolina 24640 57650 1340
Connecticut 30480 70940 1327
Montana 22230 50570 1275
North Carolina 25470 56770 1229
Mississippi 23690 51640 1180
New Hampshire 27770 60290 1171
Washington 31800 66150 1080
Vermont 31100 55510 785
Idaho 30550 53790 761
Ap
pend
ix B
Ta
ble
s |
Co
mm
unity
and
Pub
lic H
ealth
Ro
les | H
ealth
Educato
rs
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 171
Total Growth
State Percentage
Arizona 551
Idaho 489
Nevada 453
Utah 452
New Hampshire 450
Virginia 422
New Mexico 387
Florida 382
Colorado 381
Kansas 364
Alaska 360
Maine 358
Minnesota 346
Mississippi 337
Kentucky 330
Texas 328
North Carolina 326
Louisiana 322
Vermont 314
Connecticut 310
Tennessee 305
Hawaii 300
Arkansas 292
Montana 286
California 278
South Dakota 271
West Virginia 271
Wisconsin 266
Oklahoma 265
Maryland 265
Delaware 258
Massachusetts 254
Missouri 253
Georgia 251
Wyoming 250
Rhode Island 243
Iowa 235
Oregon 235
New York 233
Ohio 233
Illinois 231
Indiana 228
Michigan 228
North Dakota 226
New Jersey 225
South Carolina 200
Washington 196
Nebraska 195
Alabama 161
Pennsylvania 149
District of Columbia 50
Per Capita (total population)
State Per 100000
South Dakota 926
District of Columbia 884
Massachusetts 719
Alabama 625
Nebraska 620
Connecticut 607
Vermont 589
North Dakota 587
Washington 580
West Virginia 542
Maine 517
Minnesota 491
Missouri 474
Pennsylvania 473
Ohio 471
New Jersey 466
Louisiana 458
Iowa 421
Wisconsin 408
South Carolina 402
Alaska 390
New York 390
Kentucky 389
Georgia 388
Delaware 385
New Hampshire 350
Indiana 349
Michigan 337
Maryland 336
New Mexico 334
Kansas 324
Mississippi 323
North Carolina 310
Arkansas 301
Colorado 298
Illinois 285
Tennessee 283
Texas 281
Oregon 278
Florida 275
Montana 272
Rhode Island 269
Utah 267
Nevada 257
California 257
Idaho 242
Wyoming 240
Oklahoma 238
Arizona 216
Virginia 188
Hawaii 162
Annual Openings Due to Replacements
State Percentage
District of Columbia 727
Wyoming 600
Pennsylvania 535
Alabama 526
Washington 469
Colorado 463
Nebraska 462
Indiana 456
Oregon 450
South Carolina 450
New Jersey 438
New York 433
Michigan 430
North Dakota 429
Illinois 428
Oklahoma 425
Ohio 424
Rhode Island 417
Georgia 414
Iowa 400
Maryland 400
New Mexico 400
Wisconsin 400
West Virginia 395
South Dakota 387
Delaware 385
Missouri 382
California 375
Tennessee 375
Arkansas 368
Montana 364
Vermont 353
Connecticut 350
Texas 344
Mississippi 340
Louisiana 340
Kentucky 338
Maine 333
Minnesota 328
Massachusetts 310
North Carolina 308
Florida 300
Nevada 286
New Hampshire 286
Virginia 284
Idaho 273
Utah 250
Kansas 238
Arizona 235
Alaska 100
Hawaii NA
Ap
pend
ix B
Ta
ble
s |
Co
mm
unity
and
Pub
lic H
ealth
Ro
les | M
edic
al a
nd P
ublic
Health
Socia
l Work
ers
172 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
2000ndash2004 Wage Gain
State
M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004
Tennessee $30780 $44490 445
Delaware 33780 47620 410
Nebraska 26850 36710 367
Hawaii 40200 54710 361
Illinois 29470 39680 346
Idaho 31860 41320 297
Louisiana 30960 38960 258
District of Columbia 42120 52750 252
Georgia 31950 39720 243
Oklahoma 30690 38150 243
West Virginia 27090 33460 235
Maryland 38410 47240 230
Iowa 31350 38210 219
Texas 34330 41460 208
Alaska 36800 44140 199
Kansas 33050 39620 199
Maine 35120 42020 196
Kentucky 30650 36510 191
Washington 39470 47050 192
Montana 30800 36670 191
Colorado 35640 42360 189
New Jersey 40920 48570 187
California 42640 50440 183
Massachusetts 37740 44610 182
New York 41020 47870 167
New Hampshire 34610 40360 166
Arizona 35580 41400 164
Minnesota 36960 42960 162
Nevada 43390 50240 158
Utah 38090 43860 151
Indiana 33440 38430 149
South Dakota 29830 34170 145
Connecticut 42430 48530 144
Virginia 34980 40000 144
Wyoming 35070 39420 124
Wisconsin 36840 41340 122
Vermont 39110 43670 117
Rhode Island 39640 44250 116
Ohio 35270 39300 114
Michigan 38500 42830 112
North Dakota 29920 33270 112
Florida 35110 38340 92
Oregon 42980 46900 91
Arkansas 34610 37640 88
New Mexico 33620 36210 77
Pennsylvania 36940 39640 73
Alabama 30840 32980 69
North Carolina 36210 38520 64
Missouri 35940 36970 29
South Carolina 34550 33760 -23
Mississippi 34250 31770 -72
2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark
State2004
Annual Wage2004 State
Annual Wage
Hawaii $54710 $36750
Nevada 50240 34300
Tennessee 44490 32730
Oregon 46900 36980
Utah 43860 34110
Vermont 43670 34650
Delaware 47620 39050
Maine 42020 33480
Idaho 41320 32770
California 50440 41980
Arkansas 37640 29560
Louisiana 38960 31230
Oklahoma 38150 31150
Wyoming 39420 32510
Montana 36670 29880
Arizona 41400 34880
Iowa 38210 31990
Washington 47050 40860
Texas 41460 35310
Wisconsin 41340 35240
Rhode Island 44250 38240
Maryland 47240 41360
Kansas 39620 33780
New Jersey 48570 43040
South Dakota 34170 29080
Indiana 38430 33820
Florida 38340 33750
North Carolina 38520 34120
Kentucky 36510 32170
New York 47870 43590
Connecticut 48530 44400
Georgia 39720 35840
Pennsylvania 39640 35970
Nebraska 36710 33060
Ohio 39300 35910
Michigan 42830 39590
New Mexico 36210 33000
Minnesota 42960 39840
Mississippi 31770 28630
West Virginia 33460 30470
New Hampshire 40360 37450
North Dakota 33270 30620
Colorado 42360 39820
Missouri 36970 34460
Alaska 44140 42170
South Carolina 33760 31940
Illinois 39680 38580
Alabama 32980 31940
Virginia 40000 39130
Massachusetts 44610 45290
District of Columbia 52750 57980
Ap
pend
ix B
Ta
ble
s |
Co
mm
unity
and
Pub
lic H
ealth
Ro
les | M
edic
al a
nd P
ublic
Health
Socia
l Work
ers
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 173
10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential
Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th
Pennsylvania $20800 $56340 1709
Massachusetts 25170 65750 1612
Hawaii 34090 87030 1553
Illinois 22670 57700 1545
Nevada 27240 68930 1530
New York 28000 70030 1501
Connecticut 28580 71030 1485
California 28790 71050 1468
South Dakota 21360 52490 1457
Oklahoma 22400 54640 1439
Utah 26050 62730 1408
Colorado 26010 62350 1397
Arkansas 23600 55020 1331
Tennessee 26170 59230 1263
New Hampshire 25000 56400 1256
Nebraska 23270 52330 1249
Florida 24270 53900 1221
Texas 25740 57160 1221
Maine 26590 58640 1205
Kansas 25030 55080 1201
Virginia 25500 55580 1180
Missouri 23700 51530 1174
New Mexico 23840 51620 1165
Arizona 26120 56460 1162
Louisiana 24860 53490 1152
Maryland 29730 63400 1133
Oregon 30370 64100 1111
Iowa 25440 53190 1091
Montana 24690 51590 1090
Wyoming 26030 54270 1085
Mississippi 21520 44530 1069
Indiana 25510 52710 1066
Rhode Island 30010 61480 1049
North Dakota 22020 44840 1036
Michigan 29460 58660 991
Kentucky 24890 49540 990
Alaska 30800 61200 987
New Jersey 33590 66450 978
West Virginia 22970 45340 974
District of Columbia 35960 70910 972
South Carolina 23590 46300 963
North Carolina 27450 52480 912
Washington 33150 63300 910
Minnesota 30710 58310 899
Alabama 23590 44540 888
Idaho 29300 55290 887
Delaware 34250 63890 865
Ohio 28870 53150 841
Wisconsin 30350 55020 813
Vermont 32120 56710 766
Georgia 29530 51390 740
Ap
pend
ix B
Ta
ble
s |
Co
mm
unity
and
Pub
lic H
ealth
Ro
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edic
al a
nd P
ublic
Health
Socia
l Work
ers
174 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Total Growth
State Percentage
Idaho 767
Nevada 708
Arizona 644
Utah 636
Maine 630
South Dakota 625
Maryland 600
Montana 577
New Mexico 561
New Hampshire 561
Minnesota 541
Georgia 514
Rhode Island 512
Kentucky 502
Tennessee 489
North Carolina 484
Missouri 480
Wisconsin 461
Wyoming 461
Colorado 459
Kansas 458
Massachusetts 452
Oklahoma 451
Hawaii 449
Indiana 444
Virginia 412
Delaware 411
West Virginia 408
Illinois 402
South Carolina 393
Pennsylvania 389
Florida 377
Iowa 374
Alabama 372
Louisiana 366
Michigan 357
Ohio 349
California 348
Alaska 339
New Jersey 333
New York 332
Vermont 320
Connecticut 318
Nebraska 316
Arkansas 310
Texas 287
Mississippi 285
North Dakota 257
District of Columbia 237
Washington 196
Oregon 154
Annual Openings Due to Replacements
State Percentage
Oregon 520
Washington 489
Colorado 463
District of Columbia 430
North Dakota 414
Texas 380
Mississippi 378
Alaska 367
Arkansas 361
Nebraska 358
Vermont 357
Connecticut 347
New York 345
Louisiana 344
New Jersey 338
California 336
Ohio 335
Michigan 330
Iowa 323
Florida 317
Alabama 317
Pennsylvania 311
Illinois 305
West Virginia 302
Delaware 302
Virginia 300
South Carolina 292
Indiana 285
Wisconsin 280
Hawaii 273
North Carolina 271
Tennessee 268
Kentucky 260
Missouri 260
Georgia 257
Rhode Island 253
Oklahoma 250
Massachusetts 248
Kansas 247
Minnesota 246
Wyoming 243
New Hampshire 239
New Mexico 233
Montana 231
Maryland 227
Maine 218
South Dakota 217
Arizona 216
Nevada 206
Utah 206
Idaho 187
Per Capita (total population)
State Per 100000
District of Columbia 4564
Vermont 4219
Maine 2504
Nebraska 2396
Minnesota 2333
Wyoming 2304
Connecticut 2243
North Dakota 2110
Maryland 2102
Iowa 2027
Rhode Island 1980
New Hampshire 1917
Arkansas 1893
New York 1821
Utah 1811
Massachusetts 1789
Idaho 1776
Montana 1771
Alaska 1748
New Jersey 1679
West Virginia 1532
Hawaii 1442
Wisconsin 1436
Georgia 1372
Oregon 1342
North Carolina 1270
Pennsylvania 1156
Kansas 1006
Florida 998
Kentucky 953
Missouri 947
Delaware 906
New Mexico 884
Indiana 862
Alabama 852
Michigan 839
Illinois 834
Washington 814
Texas 787
California 780
Arizona 779
South Dakota 760
Ohio 739
Louisiana 719
Colorado 698
Mississippi 622
Virginia 585
South Carolina 570
Tennessee 527
Oklahoma 470
Nevada 331
Ap
pend
ix B
Ta
ble
s |
Co
mm
unity
and
Pub
lic H
ealth
Ro
les | S
ocia
l and H
um
an S
ervic
es A
ssistants
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health amp Health Care Workforce 175
2000ndash2004 Wage Gain
State
M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004
Louisiana $18000 $28750 597
Connecticut 28630 37220 300
Michigan 24530 31740 294
Arizona 22960 29050 265
Massachusetts 25070 30060 199
Alaska 25700 30660 193
Virginia 23050 27460 191
Vermont 22840 26880 177
Oregon 22830 26570 164
Georgia 21920 25380 158
West Virginia 15790 18180 151
Wisconsin 24180 27800 150
Hawaii 24110 27700 149
Florida 21760 24980 148
Indiana 22410 25700 147
Mississippi 18510 21230 147
Illinois 21670 24790 144
New Mexico 21340 24290 138
Delaware 23750 27020 138
Nebraska 19790 22480 136
Pennsylvania 21150 23960 133
Kansas 20960 23600 126
North Carolina 22500 25320 125
Kentucky 20470 22920 120
Colorado 24420 27260 116
Wyoming 19160 21330 113
Utah 19520 21690 111
New Hampshire 20450 22680 109
New Jersey 26250 29070 107
Maryland 26300 29130 108
California 27320 30070 101
Ohio 23110 25440 101
Minnesota 24400 26820 99
Nevada 25280 27520 89
Missouri 21750 23670 88
Idaho 19910 21630 86
South Dakota 19360 20970 83
Montana 20340 22010 82
Maine 22450 24250 80
New York 26940 28930 74
Rhode Island 23630 25360 73
South Carolina 21110 22440 63
Alabama 24140 25310 48
Arkansas 20180 21150 48
Oklahoma 19630 20420 40
North Dakota 20810 21490 33
Iowa 23570 24320 32
Tennessee 24430 24920 20
Washington 24660 23690 -39
Texas 22600 18450 -184
District of Columbia NA 35750 NA
2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark
State2004
Annual Wage2004 State
Annual Wage
Louisiana $28750 $31230
Arizona 29050 34880
Alabama 25310 31940
Nevada 27520 34300
Connecticut 37220 44400
Mississippi 21230 28630
Wisconsin 27800 35240
Iowa 24320 31990
Vermont 26880 34650
Tennessee 24920 32730
Michigan 31740 39590
Montana 22010 29880
South Dakota 20970 29080
Indiana 25700 33820
Arkansas 21150 29560
New Mexico 24290 33000
Florida 24980 33750
North Carolina 25320 34120
Hawaii 27700 36750
North Dakota 21490 30620
Maine 24250 33480
Kentucky 22920 32170
South Carolina 22440 31940
Kansas 23600 33780
Oregon 26570 36980
Georgia 25380 35840
Ohio 25440 35910
Nebraska 22480 33060
Oklahoma 20420 31150
Missouri 23670 34460
Idaho 21630 32770
Wyoming 21330 32510
Alaska 30660 42170
Virginia 27460 39130
California 30070 41980
Pennsylvania 23960 35970
Delaware 27020 39050
Maryland 29130 41360
West Virginia 18180 30470
Utah 21690 34110
Colorado 27260 39820
Rhode Island 25360 38240
Minnesota 26820 39840
Illinois 24790 38580
New Jersey 29070 43040
New York 28930 43590
New Hampshire 22680 37450
Massachusetts 30060 45290
Texas 18450 35310
Washington 23690 40860
District of Columbia 35750 57980
Ap
pend
ix B
Ta
ble
s |
Co
mm
unity
and
Pub
lic H
ealth
Ro
les | S
ocia
l and H
um
an S
ervic
es A
ssistants
176 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health amp Health Care Workforce
10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential
Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th
Iowa $13210 $38850 1941
Louisiana 15190 42770 1816
District of Columbia 20040 55560 1772
Michigan 18230 50360 1762
Nevada 15700 43080 1744
Alabama 14590 40020 1743
Texas 11440 29830 1608
Pennsylvania 13990 35250 1520
California 17870 44510 1491
Illinois 14560 35820 1460
Colorado 16120 39620 1458
Virginia 17250 42250 1449
Tennessee 15530 37370 1406
New York 18010 43100 1393
Massachusetts 19400 46400 1392
Maryland 18560 44330 1388
Connecticut 23040 53250 1311
Arizona 18900 42670 1258
Kentucky 14860 33490 1254
Oregon 17420 39080 1243
Wisconsin 17950 40160 1237
Missouri 15790 34620 1193
New Jersey 19250 41980 1181
Montana 15030 32770 1180
Indiana 16740 36410 1175
Hawaii 18390 39490 1147
West Virginia 12120 26020 1147
Oklahoma 13640 29120 1135
Arkansas 14270 30170 1114
Idaho 15400 32540 1113
Utah 15100 31780 1105
Nebraska 15580 32670 1097
Georgia 16810 35140 1090
Florida 16490 34380 1085
South Carolina 15430 32010 1075
Minnesota 18790 38870 1069
Rhode Island 16980 34540 1034
Alaska 20370 41330 1029
Delaware 18530 37590 1029
New Mexico 17130 34170 995
Mississippi 14770 29340 986
North Carolina 17680 34970 978
Ohio 17620 34830 977
Kansas 16450 32230 959
Washington 16880 33060 959
North Dakota 15350 29760 939
New Hampshire 15950 30920 939
Wyoming 15800 30330 920
Maine 18340 33030 801
Vermont 19940 35070 759
South Dakota 15900 27200 711
Ap
pend
ix B
Ta
ble
s |
Co
mm
unity
and
Pub
lic H
ealth
Ro
les | S
ocia
l and H
um
an S
ervic
es A
ssistants
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health amp Health Care Workforce 177
Per Capita (total population)
State Per 100000
New York 5918
Maine 3846
Minnesota 3837
Rhode Island 2870
Connecticut 2784
West Virginia 2769
North Carolina 2713
Montana 2678
New Mexico 2625
Vermont 2571
Ohio 2488
Iowa 2365
New Jersey 2215
Massachusetts 2208
Wisconsin 2169
Michigan 2163
North Dakota 2141
Texas 2106
Washington 2083
Oregon 2018
Hawaii 1993
Pennsylvania 1922
Arizona 1910
Oklahoma 1875
Alaska 1826
South Carolina 1793
Missouri 1745
Idaho 1689
Alabama 1669
Indiana 1642
Delaware 1476
Florida 1475
Kansas 1445
District of Columbia 1429
Nebraska 1399
Tennessee 1378
Louisiana 1325
Virginia 1270
Maryland 1237
New Hampshire 1207
Arkansas 1194
Kentucky 1119
Illinois 1108
Wyoming 1102
California 1095
South Dakota 1048
Utah 897
Mississippi 696
Georgia 687
Nevada 653
Colorado NA
Annual Openings Due to Replacements
State Percentage
Connecticut 416
Washington 402
North Dakota 367
Oregon 367
Wyoming 367
Nebraska 333
West Virginia 320
Kentucky 319
New York 312
South Carolina 303
District of Columbia 303
Delaware 296
Indiana 289
Ohio 288
Michigan 286
Arkansas 276
Hawaii 273
Vermont 273
Illinois 272
Missouri 266
Pennsylvania 265
Montana 260
South Dakota 256
Iowa 254
Oklahoma 245
Mississippi 243
Maine 243
Tennessee 239
Massachusetts 234
Louisiana 234
North Carolina 229
California 227
Texas 221
New Jersey 221
Alaska 217
Minnesota 216
Alabama 215
Wisconsin 213
Florida 212
New Mexico 210
Nevada 209
Georgia 205
New Hampshire 204
Virginia 204
Maryland 204
Kansas 200
Utah 176
Idaho 173
Arizona 159
Rhode Island 26
Colorado NA
Total Growth
State Percentage
Arizona 690
Utah 688
Idaho 631
Georgia 528
Maryland 518
Virginia 512
Nevada 510
New Hampshire 505
Wisconsin 504
Kansas 500
Alabama 489
Florida 480
Minnesota 476
New Mexico 470
New Jersey 463
Texas 461
Louisiana 452
North Carolina 451
California 444
Massachusetts 417
Tennessee 417
Alaska 410
Maine 406
Mississippi 403
South Dakota 403
Oklahoma 381
Iowa 380
Montana 373
Missouri 370
Pennsylvania 364
Rhode Island 361
Vermont 355
Illinois 351
Wyoming 345
Arkansas 337
Indiana 330
Michigan 328
Ohio 324
Hawaii 321
Delaware 319
South Carolina 303
New York 290
West Virginia 280
District of Columbia 280
Kentucky 280
Nebraska 266
Oregon 239
North Dakota 229
Washington 213
Connecticut 189
Colorado NA
Ap
pend
ix B
Ta
ble
s |
Lo
ng
-term
Care
Ro
les | H
om
e H
ealth
Aid
es
178 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
2000ndash2004 Wage Gain
State
M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004
Hawaii $16680 $22490 348
North Dakota 15770 19260 221
Arkansas 14590 17800 220
South Dakota 16490 20110 220
Nevada 17730 21500 213
Maryland 17140 20430 192
Illinois 17160 20030 167
Oklahoma 16440 19120 163
West Virginia 13590 15800 163
Wyoming 16510 19040 153
Georgia 15980 18430 153
Kentucky 16790 19340 152
Indiana 17680 20280 147
Washington 18190 20710 139
Idaho 15970 18100 133
District of Columbia 17220 19450 130
Minnesota 19350 21800 127
Missouri 16050 18050 125
Virginia 16320 18330 123
Wisconsin 18060 20230 120
Arizona 16720 18720 120
Iowa 16970 18910 114
Massachusetts 20810 23090 110
Montana 15820 17490 106
New Jersey 19060 20990 101
Kansas 17240 18900 96
Ohio 17710 19300 90
New York 18440 20010 85
North Carolina 16300 17630 82
Alaska 23020 24800 77
Delaware 18710 20060 72
Rhode Island 22750 24390 72
Florida 17760 18960 68
Nebraska 19000 20270 67
New Mexico 16960 18060 65
Pennsylvania 18080 19170 60
Maine 18530 19640 60
South Carolina 16670 17590 55
Tennessee 16640 17530 53
Oregon 18530 19440 49
Michigan 18580 18970 21
California 19880 19750 -07
Alabama 16480 16330 -09
New Hampshire 21100 20710 -18
Utah 19560 18850 -36
Connecticut 26540 25320 -46
Texas 16340 14680 -102
Louisiana 18520 16400 -114
Colorado 23010 19600 -148
Mississippi 19070 16170 -152
Vermont 17890 NA NA
2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark
State2004
Annual Wage2004 State
Annual Wage
South Dakota $20110 $29080
North Dakota 19260 30620
Arkansas 17800 29560
Oklahoma 19120 31150
Montana 17490 29880
Mississippi 16170 28630
Nebraska 20270 33060
Nevada 21500 34300
Kentucky 19340 32170
Iowa 18910 31990
Wyoming 19040 32510
Indiana 20280 33820
Rhode Island 24390 38240
Maine 19640 33480
Hawaii 22490 36750
South Carolina 17590 31940
Idaho 18100 32770
West Virginia 15800 30470
Florida 18960 33750
Louisiana 16400 31230
Kansas 18900 33780
New Mexico 18060 33000
Wisconsin 20230 35240
Tennessee 17530 32730
Utah 18850 34110
Alabama 16330 31940
Arizona 18720 34880
Missouri 18050 34460
North Carolina 17630 34120
Ohio 19300 35910
New Hampshire 20710 37450
Pennsylvania 19170 35970
Alaska 24800 42170
Georgia 18430 35840
Oregon 19440 36980
Minnesota 21800 39840
Illinois 20030 38580
Delaware 20060 39050
Connecticut 25320 44400
Washington 20710 40860
Colorado 19600 39820
Michigan 18970 39590
Texas 14680 35310
Virginia 18330 39130
Maryland 20430 41360
New Jersey 20990 43040
California 19750 41980
Massachusetts 23090 45290
New York 20010 43590
District of Columbia 19450 57980
Ap
pend
ix B
Ta
ble
s |
Lo
ng
-term
Care
Ro
les | H
om
e H
ealth
Aid
es
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 179
10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential
Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th
New York $13680 $29930 1188
Illinois 12880 27710 1151
Oklahoma 14090 29090 1065
Georgia 12660 26070 1059
Louisiana 11870 24350 1051
Arkansas 12400 24740 995
Nebraska 13800 26880 948
Mississippi 11890 21650 821
Colorado 14510 26420 821
Alaska 17810 32260 811
Alabama 12110 21770 798
Kansas 14590 26030 784
Texas 11530 20250 756
California 15050 26400 754
Indiana 15220 26690 754
Kentucky 14590 25530 750
Rhode Island 18820 32900 748
Maryland 15310 26740 747
Pennsylvania 14380 24910 732
Delaware 15140 26170 729
Connecticut 19080 32800 719
Virginia 13940 23600 693
Washington 15890 26830 688
Wyoming 14110 23710 680
Wisconsin 15410 25790 674
New Mexico 14570 24190 660
New Hampshire 15870 26290 657
West Virginia 12240 20190 650
Massachusetts 17560 28740 637
Tennessee 13770 22470 632
Iowa 14720 23800 617
Minnesota 17210 27670 608
Michigan 14970 23930 599
Arizona 14640 23400 598
Ohio 15070 24070 597
District of Columbia 15310 24450 597
Missouri 14220 22690 596
South Dakota 15860 25290 595
Florida 14860 23640 591
Utah 14800 23310 575
Maine 15060 23690 573
North Dakota 15040 23450 559
New Jersey 16740 25860 545
North Carolina 14480 22150 530
Montana 14530 22030 516
Idaho 14540 21970 511
South Carolina 14510 21800 502
Nevada 17830 26750 500
Hawaii 18480 27480 487
Oregon 15630 23150 481
Ap
pend
ix B
Ta
ble
s |
Lo
ng
-term
Care
Ro
les | H
om
e H
ealth
Aid
es
180 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Annual Openings Due to Replacements
State Percentage
South Carolina 769
District of Columbia 695
Connecticut 585
New York 475
Minnesota 475
Pennsylvania 474
Delaware 468
Wyoming 467
Colorado 463
Michigan 460
Louisiana 458
Maine 456
Indiana 439
Massachusetts 424
West Virginia 422
South Dakota 419
Nebraska 417
Washington 412
Ohio 412
Missouri 411
Alabama 404
Iowa 400
Illinois 389
California 385
New Jersey 385
Arkansas 380
Kentucky 379
North Dakota 376
Alaska 371
Rhode Island 371
Oregon 369
Vermont 366
Maryland 359
Tennessee 358
Wisconsin 348
Georgia 332
Montana 327
New Hampshire 326
New Mexico 320
Texas 319
North Carolina 311
Virginia 310
Mississippi 306
Florida 300
Kansas 297
Oklahoma 268
Hawaii 250
Utah 239
Idaho 225
Nevada 224
Arizona 207
Total Growth
State Percentage
Arizona 502
Nevada 454
Idaho 451
Utah 417
Hawaii 344
Colorado 343
Florida 306
Kansas 300
Mississippi 297
North Carolina 292
New Mexico 291
Virginia 291
Texas 279
New Hampshire 275
Montana 270
Alaska 265
Georgia 262
Alabama 252
Oregon 249
Wisconsin 246
Tennessee 235
Maryland 233
Vermont 230
Rhode Island 224
North Dakota 216
Kentucky 215
Arkansas 213
New Jersey 210
California 209
Illinois 206
Washington 205
Iowa 198
Oklahoma 195
Missouri 187
Ohio 187
Nebraska 183
South Dakota 182
West Virginia 179
Massachusetts 173
Indiana 167
Louisiana 158
Maine 157
Michigan 154
Delaware 150
Wyoming 149
Pennsylvania 146
New York 146
Minnesota 145
Connecticut 93
District of Columbia 58
South Carolina 40
Per Capita (total population)
State Per 100000
North Dakota 9322
Nebraska 8666
South Dakota 8007
Wisconsin 7715
South Carolina 7645
Kansas 7007
Maine 6982
Connecticut 6912
Missouri 6801
Rhode Island 6741
Iowa 6706
Oklahoma 6591
Ohio 6520
Minnesota 6457
Massachusetts 6442
Louisiana 6230
North Carolina 6030
Montana 5962
Kentucky 5837
Pennsylvania 5743
West Virginia 5712
Arkansas 5707
Mississippi 5567
District of Columbia 5490
Delaware 5471
Indiana 5195
Idaho 5116
Vermont 5025
New York 5001
New Hampshire 4969
Tennessee 4803
Maryland 4733
Alabama 4693
New Jersey 4617
Florida 4312
Wyoming 4307
Michigan 4271
Illinois 4218
Georgia 4142
Virginia 4028
Washington 4013
Texas 3961
New Mexico 3773
Utah 3600
Colorado 3486
Oregon 3457
Arizona 3380
California 2864
Hawaii 2681
Alaska 2653
Nevada 2608
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 181
Ap
pend
ix B
Ta
ble
s |
Lo
ng
-term
Care
Ro
les | N
ursin
g A
ides O
rderlie
s and A
ttendants
2000ndash2004 Wage Gain
State
M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004
Wyoming $16960 $20920 233
California 19840 23910 205
Kansas 17690 21130 194
North Dakota 16920 20210 194
Texas 15760 18750 190
Rhode Island 21130 25070 186
Iowa 18640 22000 180
West Virginia 15430 18210 180
Colorado 20210 23800 178
Maryland 21500 25280 176
Oklahoma 15460 18060 168
Ohio 18790 21940 168
Idaho 16300 19000 166
Arkansas 15210 17720 165
Virginia 17930 20880 165
Delaware 20510 23890 165
Wisconsin 20030 23210 159
Massachusetts 22540 26110 158
Kentucky 17230 19910 156
District of Columbia 21280 24530 153
Arizona 18860 21710 151
Montana 16560 19060 151
Pennsylvania 19800 22750 149
Georgia 16260 18680 149
Florida 18150 20810 147
Washington 20670 23670 145
Tennessee 17190 19670 144
Louisiana 13630 15560 142
Missouri 16930 19320 141
New York 23880 27230 140
Michigan 20460 23320 140
Nevada 21200 24120 138
Utah 17330 19680 136
Nebraska 18560 21050 134
North Carolina 17780 20090 130
Illinois 18450 20620 118
Minnesota 21800 24330 116
Vermont 19310 21550 116
Maine 18900 21040 113
Hawaii 22600 25110 111
Alaska 26510 29480 112
Indiana 19260 21350 109
South Dakota 17310 19170 107
Alabama 15980 17710 108
New Mexico 17650 19520 106
New Hampshire 22140 24430 103
South Carolina 17110 18830 101
Mississippi 15110 16590 98
Connecticut 24820 27110 92
Oregon 20840 22560 83
New Jersey 22570 24070 66
2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark
State2004
Annual Wage2004 State
Annual Wage
South Dakota $19170 $29080
Iowa 22000 31990
Nevada 24120 34300
North Dakota 20210 30620
Montana 19060 29880
Wyoming 20920 32510
Hawaii 25110 36750
Arkansas 17720 29560
Nebraska 21050 33060
Wisconsin 23210 35240
Mississippi 16590 28630
West Virginia 18210 30470
Kentucky 19910 32170
Maine 21040 33480
Indiana 21350 33820
Kansas 21130 33780
Alaska 29480 42170
Florida 20810 33750
New Hampshire 24430 37450
Tennessee 19670 32730
Oklahoma 18060 31150
South Carolina 18830 31940
Vermont 21550 34650
Rhode Island 25070 38240
Arizona 21710 34880
Pennsylvania 22750 35970
Virgin Islands 14970 28340
Idaho 19000 32770
Ohio 21940 35910
North Carolina 20090 34120
Alabama 17710 31940
Oregon 22560 36980
Utah 19680 34110
Missouri 19320 34460
Delaware 23890 39050
Minnesota 24330 39840
Louisiana 15560 31230
Colorado 23800 39820
Maryland 25280 41360
Michigan 23320 39590
New York 27230 43590
Texas 18750 35310
Georgia 18680 35840
Washington 23670 40860
Connecticut 27110 44400
Illinois 20620 38580
California 23910 41980
Virginia 20880 39130
New Jersey 24070 43040
Massachusetts 26110 45290
District of Columbia 24530 57980
Ap
pend
ix B
Ta
ble
s |
Lo
ng
-term
Care
Ro
les | N
ursin
g A
ides O
rderlie
s and A
ttendants
182 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential
Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th
California $17180 $33290 938
Georgia 13220 25390 921
New Mexico 13980 26350 885
New York 18960 35300 862
Illinois 14820 27260 839
Maryland 18630 34150 833
Louisiana 11740 21430 825
Texas 13720 25020 824
Kansas 15620 28480 823
Kentucky 14780 26560 797
Missouri 14480 25980 794
Mississippi 12230 21870 788
Colorado 17940 31680 766
Virginia 15600 27350 753
Rhode Island 19040 33320 750
Indiana 15830 27590 743
Washington 17940 31180 738
Pennsylvania 16900 29150 725
North Carolina 15250 26180 717
District of Columbia 18670 32000 714
Maine 15870 27180 713
Florida 15750 26910 709
North Dakota 15290 25830 689
Massachusetts 19940 33660 688
Idaho 14480 24410 686
Nebraska 16050 27030 684
Ohio 16710 28060 679
Oregon 17230 28910 678
Arkansas 13490 22610 676
Nevada 18440 30860 674
Tennessee 15190 25360 670
Minnesota 18970 31560 664
South Dakota 14700 24420 661
Arizona 16760 27540 643
Vermont 16680 27390 642
New Hampshire 19100 31270 637
Wyoming 16370 26790 637
New Jersey 18610 30350 631
West Virginia 14210 23040 621
South Carolina 14710 23850 621
Iowa 17350 27960 612
Connecticut 21280 34240 609
Hawaii 19660 31200 587
Wisconsin 18240 28900 584
Michigan 18210 28800 582
Alabama 14290 22360 565
Montana 14860 23240 564
Delaware 18820 29340 559
Utah 15480 23780 536
Oklahoma 14640 22380 529
Alaska 23850 35580 492
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 183
Ap
pend
ix B
Ta
ble
s |
Lo
ng
-term
Care
Ro
les | N
ursin
g A
ides O
rderlie
s and A
ttendants
Per Capita (total population)
Average 1895
Texas 4698
New York 4370
Montana 3908
Maine 3740
North Dakota 3545
Wisconsin 3241
Minnesota 3191
District of Columbia 2804
Kansas 2794
New Mexico 2738
West Virginia 2735
Washington 2438
Missouri 2345
Pennsylvania 2337
Alaska 2325
Vermont 2174
Iowa 2167
Louisiana 2048
Colorado 2036
North Carolina 1942
South Carolina 1817
Michigan 1772
Oklahoma 1706
New Hampshire 1696
Rhode Island 1631
Connecticut 1596
Tennessee 1592
South Dakota 1552
Georgia 1539
Delaware 1538
Oregon 1456
Illinois 1428
Indiana 1411
Wyoming 1302
Massachusetts 1210
Ohio 1181
Virginia 1138
Maryland 1136
Arkansas 931
Utah 927
California 903
Mississippi 896
Alabama 866
Nevada 784
Kentucky 713
New Jersey 653
Florida 631
Arizona 618
Nebraska 438
Hawaii NA
Idaho NA
Total Growth
State Percentage
Utah 637
Nevada 563
Maine 546
New Mexico 533
Minnesota 519
New Jersey 500
Colorado 490
Connecticut 486
Arizona 484
Kansas 471
New Hampshire 457
Massachusetts 454
South Dakota 453
Wisconsin 453
Missouri 445
Montana 443
Arkansas 433
Maryland 427
Texas 418
Vermont 416
Alaska 416
Alabama 415
Oklahoma 410
Delaware 403
Virginia 398
Kentucky 373
California 361
North Carolina 358
Iowa 351
Indiana 350
New York 340
Wyoming 338
West Virginia 335
Rhode Island 322
Florida 318
Tennessee 310
Louisiana 308
Georgia 298
Ohio 296
Pennsylvania 270
South Carolina 269
Illinois 263
Mississippi 246
Washington 238
District of Columbia 225
Michigan 224
Oregon 214
Nebraska 181
North Dakota 157
Hawaii NA
Idaho NA
Annual Openings Due to Replacements
State Percentage
North Dakota 507
Colorado 464
Nebraska 462
Oregon 450
Washington 432
Michigan 417
District of Columbia 410
Mississippi 394
Illinois 378
South Carolina 372
Pennsylvania 371
Alabama 360
Ohio 351
Georgia 347
Tennessee 345
Louisiana 344
Rhode Island 333
Florida 330
West Virginia 322
New York 321
Alaska 311
North Carolina 310
California 309
Indiana 309
Iowa 308
Kentucky 301
Virginia 288
Delaware 286
Oklahoma 282
Vermont 282
Texas 277
Maryland 273
Missouri 268
Arkansas 267
Wyoming 267
Montana 265
New Hampshire 261
Wisconsin 259
Connecticut 256
Massachusetts 253
Arizona 250
South Dakota 250
Kansas 247
New Jersey 243
Minnesota 236
Maine 227
New Mexico 226
Nevada 220
Utah 176
Hawaii NA
Idaho NA
Ap
pend
ix B
Ta
ble
s |
Lo
ng
-term
Care
Ro
les | P
erso
nal a
nd H
om
e C
are
Aid
es
184 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
2000ndash2004 Wage Gain
State
M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004
Delaware $14980 $19790 321
District of Columbia 16460 21630 314
California 16710 21100 263
Vermont 16490 19760 198
Wyoming 14440 17280 197
New Jersey 19730 23490 191
New Mexico 15260 18040 182
Washington 16820 19770 175
Missouri 14860 17380 170
Oregon 17680 20630 167
Montana 14350 16680 162
Iowa 16250 18870 161
Colorado 15820 18240 153
Massachusetts 18820 21700 153
Illinois 14470 16660 151
Idaho 15070 17330 150
Rhode Island 20070 23040 148
Alaska 23340 26390 131
Minnesota 18770 21090 124
Pennsylvania 17220 19350 124
Maryland 17060 19150 123
New York 16920 18950 120
Georgia 16280 18250 121
Louisiana 12870 14390 118
North Carolina 15510 17260 113
New Hampshire 16780 18690 114
Arizona 17590 19540 111
Utah 16170 17940 109
Virginia 14890 16450 105
Wisconsin 17350 19080 100
North Dakota 16210 17830 100
Michigan 16450 18060 98
West Virginia 13250 14510 95
Nebraska 17510 19140 93
Kansas 16360 17740 84
Oklahoma 13970 15150 84
Maine 16900 18090 70
Alabama 14570 15330 52
Florida 17000 17840 49
Texas 12750 13380 49
Indiana 17700 18500 45
Ohio 17150 17930 45
Kentucky 15650 16230 37
South Carolina 16400 16910 31
Arkansas 13600 13960 26
South Dakota 16890 17300 24
Mississippi 14400 14190 -15
Connecticut 21310 20870 -21
Tennessee 16730 16250 -29
Nevada 18320 17670 -35
Hawaii 16740 NA NA
2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark
State2004
Annual Wage2004 State
Annual Wage
South Dakota $17300 $29080
North Dakota 17830 30620
Iowa 18870 31990
Montana 16680 29880
Nebraska 19140 33060
Mississippi 14190 28630
Vermont 19760 34650
New Mexico 18040 33000
South Carolina 16910 31940
Rhode Island 23040 38240
Wyoming 17280 32510
Indiana 18500 33820
Arizona 19540 34880
Maine 18090 33480
Idaho 17330 32770
Arkansas 13960 29560
Alaska 26390 42170
Florida 17840 33750
West Virginia 14510 30470
Kentucky 16230 32170
Oklahoma 15150 31150
Kansas 17740 33780
Wisconsin 19080 35240
Utah 17940 34110
Oregon 20630 36980
Tennessee 16250 32730
Alabama 15330 31940
Nevada 17670 34300
Pennsylvania 19350 35970
North Carolina 17260 34120
Louisiana 14390 31230
Missouri 17380 34460
Georgia 18250 35840
Ohio 17930 35910
Minnesota 21090 39840
New Hampshire 18690 37450
Delaware 19790 39050
New Jersey 23490 43040
California 21100 41980
Washington 19770 40860
Michigan 18060 39590
Colorado 18240 39820
Illinois 16660 38580
Texas 13380 35310
Maryland 19150 41360
Virginia 16450 39130
Connecticut 20870 44400
Massachusetts 21700 45290
New York 18950 43590
District of Columbia 21630 57980
Ap
pend
ix B
Ta
ble
s |
Lo
ng
-term
Care
Ro
les | P
erso
nal a
nd H
om
e C
are
Aid
es
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 185
10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential
Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th
New Jersey $15920 $35160 1209
Maryland 12690 26890 1119
Georgia 12370 25770 1083
Virginia 11870 22230 873
District of Columbia 15610 28090 799
Connecticut 15940 28670 799
Kentucky 12110 21560 780
California 15140 26950 780
Oregon 15780 27960 772
Pennsylvania 13060 22990 760
Alaska 19450 33830 739
Illinois 12600 21540 710
Tennessee 12280 20860 699
South Dakota 13110 22100 686
Delaware 14720 24400 658
Mississippi 11350 18810 657
Louisiana 11480 19010 656
Florida 13820 22880 656
Colorado 14100 23310 653
New Mexico 13440 22100 644
Nebraska 14780 24210 638
Missouri 13630 22310 637
Alabama 11970 19510 630
Wyoming 13390 21560 610
Vermont 15650 25180 609
Iowa 14930 24010 608
New York 14610 23450 605
North Dakota 13720 22010 604
North Carolina 13840 22090 596
New Hampshire 14470 22750 572
Ohio 14310 22450 569
Arkansas 11460 17870 559
Rhode Island 18130 28210 556
Indiana 14590 22690 555
Minnesota 17160 26390 538
Idaho 14140 21740 537
Oklahoma 11920 18270 533
Michigan 14670 22400 527
Wisconsin 15060 22870 519
West Virginia 11710 17770 518
Maine 14640 22110 510
Massachusetts 17940 27070 509
Arizona 15050 22560 499
Texas 11400 16780 472
Utah 15100 22170 468
Kansas 14850 21780 467
South Carolina 14410 21070 462
Washington 16100 23160 439
Montana 14390 20590 431
Nevada 15070 21520 428
Ap
pend
ix B
Ta
ble
s |
Lo
ng
-term
Care
Ro
les | P
erso
nal a
nd H
om
e C
are
Aid
es
186 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Per Capita (total population)
State Per 100000
District of Columbia 1435
Vermont 988
Delaware 868
Maine 661
Pennsylvania 626
Washington 534
Rhode Island 489
Nebraska 488
Connecticut 483
Alaska 468
Massachusetts 465
Colorado 462
Utah 461
Oregon 417
Virginia 386
Kentucky 380
California 366
Illinois 357
Maryland 319
Florida 306
Oklahoma 290
Iowa 281
Arizona 281
New Jersey 268
New Hampshire 264
Indiana 261
West Virginia 240
Wisconsin 233
New York 221
Minnesota 220
Montana 216
Alabama 214
Ohio 207
Kansas 206
Hawaii 203
Wyoming 200
Michigan 199
North Carolina 199
Tennessee 195
Nevada 189
Missouri 187
Louisiana 185
South Dakota 175
Mississippi 160
New Mexico 151
Idaho 138
Texas 110
Georgia 84
Arkansas 62
North Dakota NA
South Carolina NA
Annual Openings Due to Replacements
State Percentage
Hawaii 1000
Louisiana 750
Illinois 720
Michigan 719
Wyoming 700
District of Columbia 643
Massachusetts 592
New York 588
Arkansas 571
North Carolina 571
California 569
Washington 564
West Virginia 556
Alaska 550
Mississippi 550
Oregon 533
Indiana 525
Nebraska 514
Ohio 509
Delaware 500
Georgia 500
Iowa 500
Kansas 500
Montana 500
New Mexico 500
Texas 500
Vermont 500
Wisconsin 500
Rhode Island 480
Florida 472
Pennsylvania 472
Virginia 471
Maine 455
New Jersey 455
Colorado 452
Connecticut 450
Alabama 444
Oklahoma 440
Kentucky 424
New Hampshire 421
Minnesota 417
Tennessee 417
South Dakota 375
Nevada 350
Arizona 340
Idaho 333
Utah 333
Maryland 328
Missouri 314
North Dakota NA
South Carolina NA
Total Growth
State Percentage
Maryland 458
Missouri 453
Arizona 448
Idaho 411
South Dakota 383
Utah 374
Hawaii 360
New Mexico 357
Alaska 333
Colorado 332
New Hampshire 329
Tennessee 319
Nevada 317
Minnesota 314
Delaware 314
Kentucky 312
Wyoming 300
Maine 283
Oklahoma 277
Wisconsin 268
New Jersey 261
Montana 259
Florida 259
Connecticut 257
Virginia 256
Iowa 255
Pennsylvania 254
Alabama 250
Rhode Island 243
Indiana 230
Texas 229
Vermont 228
Georgia 222
Ohio 220
Kansas 214
Nebraska 214
Arkansas 210
Mississippi 201
North Carolina 200
Oregon 190
Washington 188
West Virginia 178
New York 172
California 172
Massachusetts 141
District of Columbia 117
Michigan 90
Illinois 90
Louisiana 60
North Dakota NA
South Carolina NA
Ap
pend
ix B
Ta
ble
s |
Menta
l Health
and
Sub
sta
nce A
buse R
ole
s | M
enta
l Health
Counse
lors
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 187
2000ndash2004 Wage Gain
State
M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004
Idaho $32600 $68270 1094
Iowa 21810 40620 862
West Virginia 21580 34500 599
Mississippi 24690 36630 484
South Carolina 25750 36720 426
Rhode Island 25650 36120 408
Georgia 26910 37770 404
California 30610 41570 358
Indiana 25720 34690 349
Oklahoma 25980 34120 313
Tennessee 24880 32480 305
New Jersey 31190 39630 271
Kentucky 26980 34200 268
Virginia 31410 39760 266
Pennsylvania 24640 31140 264
District of Columbia 23030 28930 256
New Mexico 33440 41210 232
Florida 29430 35860 218
Texas 30860 37490 215
Hawaii 34690 41560 198
Delaware 30310 36240 196
Louisiana 28370 33790 191
Kansas 29370 34730 182
Maryland 28050 33000 176
Oregon 33680 39380 169
Minnesota 34230 39810 163
Washington 34520 39730 151
Arizona 31630 36330 149
Ohio 33430 37880 133
Massachusetts 30430 34230 125
New Hampshire 35710 40110 123
Wyoming 34770 38630 111
Illinois 28650 31820 111
Montana 27630 30560 106
Maine 35660 39340 103
Arkansas 36760 40340 97
Alabama 27660 30220 93
Vermont 41550 45370 92
South Dakota 32860 35770 89
North Carolina 34100 36990 85
Alaska 36560 39500 80
Michigan 36780 39490 74
Connecticut 32680 34870 67
Missouri 37010 39370 64
North Dakota 34080 36270 64
New York 32360 34390 63
Colorado 33960 35680 51
Nebraska 34270 34230 -01
Wisconsin 46500 45110 -30
Nevada 42830 40150 -63
Utah 33460 29120 -130
2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark
State2004
Annual Wage2004 State
Annual Wage
Idaho $68270 $32770
Arkansas 40340 29560
Vermont 45370 34650
Wisconsin 45110 35240
Iowa 40620 31990
New Mexico 41210 33000
Mississippi 36630 28630
South Dakota 35770 29080
Wyoming 38630 32510
Maine 39340 33480
Nevada 40150 34300
North Dakota 36270 30620
Missouri 39370 34460
Hawaii 41560 36750
South Carolina 36720 31940
West Virginia 34500 30470
Oklahoma 34120 31150
North Carolina 36990 34120
New Hampshire 40110 37450
Louisiana 33790 31230
Oregon 39380 36980
Texas 37490 35310
Florida 35860 33750
Kentucky 34200 32170
Ohio 37880 35910
Georgia 37770 35840
Arizona 36330 34880
Nebraska 34230 33060
Kansas 34730 33780
Indiana 34690 33820
Montana 30560 29880
Virginia 39760 39130
Minnesota 39810 39840
Michigan 39490 39590
Tennessee 32480 32730
California 41570 41980
Puerto Rico 21140 22070
Washington 39730 40860
Alabama 30220 31940
Rhode Island 36120 38240
Alaska 39500 42170
Delaware 36240 39050
New Jersey 39630 43040
Colorado 35680 39820
Pennsylvania 31140 35970
Utah 29120 34110
Illinois 31820 38580
Maryland 33000 41360
New York 34390 43590
Connecticut 34870 44400
Massachusetts 34230 45290
District of Columbia 28930 57980
Ap
pend
ix B
Ta
ble
s |
Menta
l Health
and
Sub
sta
nce A
buse R
ole
s | M
enta
l Health
Counse
lors
188 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential
Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th
Hawaii $20130 $82990 3123
Tennessee 16000 64540 3034
Virginia 21160 66380 2137
California 21840 68210 2123
Arizona 19190 56350 1936
District of Columbia 15600 45180 1896
New York 19990 56960 1849
Nebraska 18540 49950 1694
Wisconsin 25230 67850 1689
Louisiana 19460 52270 1686
Iowa 22210 58710 1643
Massachusetts 21750 56840 1613
Utah 19680 50750 1579
South Carolina 20270 52080 1569
Oklahoma 21930 54780 1498
Nevada 23260 57850 1487
North Dakota 21990 54420 1475
Oregon 22540 55540 1464
North Carolina 23060 56540 1452
Maryland 20330 49830 1451
New Hampshire 25190 61350 1435
Georgia 22900 55370 1418
West Virginia 22310 53240 1386
Alaska 23850 56450 1367
Indiana 21900 51530 1353
Pennsylvania 20220 47530 1351
New Jersey 24710 58060 1350
Alabama 19060 44250 1322
Kentucky 21900 50200 1292
Missouri 24830 56550 1277
Florida 23770 54070 1275
Delaware 23590 53340 1261
Texas 24810 54410 1193
Colorado 23450 51070 1178
New Mexico 26900 58330 1168
Connecticut 24230 52150 1152
Ohio 25330 54470 1150
Arkansas 26100 56020 1146
Maine 24630 52830 1145
Minnesota 26890 57340 1132
Kansas 23260 47980 1063
Rhode Island 24530 50390 1054
Illinois 21240 43600 1053
Michigan 26480 54050 1041
Mississippi 21860 44230 1023
Vermont 31930 62600 961
Washington 28610 54920 920
Montana 22420 42680 904
Wyoming 29170 52620 804
South Dakota 26570 46580 753
Ap
pend
ix B
Ta
ble
s |
Menta
l Health
and
Sub
sta
nce A
buse R
ole
s | M
enta
l Health
Counse
lors
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 189
Per Capita (total population)
State Per 100000
Maine 1060
District of Columbia 1002
Washington 948
Delaware 868
Alaska 733
Massachusetts 628
West Virginia 558
Kansas 557
North Dakota 554
Vermont 542
Ohio 525
Connecticut 512
Pennsylvania 510
Oregon 446
Arizona 442
South Dakota 422
Montana 411
Missouri 393
Utah 384
Tennessee 376
New Jersey 373
New York 359
Nebraska 356
Maryland 354
Michigan 353
North Carolina 350
Wisconsin 340
Florida 336
Kentucky 309
Virginia 303
Alabama 288
Indiana 287
Louisiana 270
Minnesota 269
Oklahoma 247
California 240
Hawaii 235
Colorado 231
Illinois 227
New Mexico 221
Iowa 220
New Hampshire 219
Texas 193
Mississippi 192
Arkansas 178
Wyoming 140
Georgia 135
South Carolina 132
Nevada 111
Idaho 72
Rhode Island NA
Annual Openings Due to Replacements
State Percentage
North Dakota 600
Louisiana 567
West Virginia 548
Washington 547
District of Columbia 500
Hawaii 500
Colorado 465
Alabama 444
Nebraska 435
Mississippi 429
Pennsylvania 420
North Carolina 417
Alaska 400
Oklahoma 400
South Carolina 400
Utah 400
Michigan 396
Texas 389
Oregon 380
Indiana 378
California 368
New Mexico 367
New York 364
Missouri 355
Delaware 353
New Jersey 353
Virginia 352
Illinois 343
Ohio 334
New Hampshire 333
Vermont 333
Wisconsin 333
Florida 313
Maine 308
Minnesota 307
Connecticut 300
Idaho 286
Iowa 286
Kentucky 286
South Dakota 286
Arizona 281
Tennessee 280
Maryland 277
Montana 273
Arkansas 267
Kansas 254
Massachusetts 250
Georgia 233
Nevada 00
Rhode Island NA
Wyoming NA
Total Growth
State Percentage
Georgia 600
Idaho 567
South Dakota 467
New Mexico 463
Arkansas 459
Maryland 449
Colorado 442
Utah 438
Arizona 437
Kentucky 435
Wyoming 429
Montana 417
Nevada 417
Hawaii 414
Tennessee 413
Maine 395
Florida 393
Minnesota 384
Alaska 383
New Hampshire 369
Connecticut 356
Vermont 350
New Jersey 344
Ohio 342
Iowa 341
Massachusetts 333
Kansas 331
Wisconsin 330
Illinois 329
Missouri 318
Virginia 317
Indiana 316
Delaware 314
New York 300
California 286
Oklahoma 279
Michigan 263
Texas 262
North Carolina 247
Pennsylvania 242
South Carolina 222
Mississippi 215
Nebraska 208
Oregon 197
Alabama 178
District of Columbia 152
Washington 150
West Virginia 132
North Dakota 123
Louisiana 107
Rhode Island NA
Ap
pend
ix B
Ta
ble
s |
Menta
l Health
and
Sub
sta
nce A
buse R
ole
s | M
enta
l Health
and S
ubsta
nce A
buse
Socia
l Work
ers
190 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
2000ndash2004 Wage Gain
State
M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004
Nevada $36730 $54070 472
Arizona 25000 34450 378
Kansas 28430 36450 282
Utah 31460 40190 277
West Virginia 18550 23400 261
Alabama 24350 30180 239
Texas 27410 33670 228
Indiana 28780 35050 218
Massachusetts 35730 43260 211
Arkansas 27880 33670 208
Ohio 29560 35630 205
Maryland 36570 43950 202
Tennessee 25010 30040 201
Minnesota 37030 44260 195
Montana 26930 32010 189
Iowa 28100 33370 188
South Carolina 26650 31340 176
Wisconsin 36490 42460 164
Kentucky 28660 33130 156
North Carolina 32490 36890 135
Oklahoma 26060 29530 133
Nebraska 26970 30510 131
Hawaii 37970 42740 126
Mississippi 24200 27230 125
Colorado 31480 35360 123
New Jersey 41040 45960 120
Pennsylvania 29410 32510 105
Vermont 35160 38780 103
Maine 32720 36050 102
New York 37630 40890 87
Rhode Island 38460 40990 66
California 35210 36960 50
Connecticut 43470 45350 43
District of Columbia 41480 43110 39
Michigan 35790 36850 30
Illinois 30780 31250 15
Oregon 30030 30440 14
Idaho 32370 32480 03
Florida 31550 31470 -03
Missouri 32330 31980 -11
Delaware 36840 36160 -18
South Dakota 31320 30500 -26
New Hampshire 35170 34100 -30
New Mexico 33760 32290 -44
Virginia 41470 39160 -56
Alaska 35610 31960 -102
Georgia 38680 33200 -142
Wyoming 34210 25190 -264
Louisiana 29720 NA NA
North Dakota NA 30210 NA
Washington 33390 NA NA
2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark
State2004
Annual Wage2004 State
Annual Wage
Nevada $54070 $34300
Wisconsin 42460 35240
Utah 40190 34110
Hawaii 42740 36750
Minnesota 44260 39840
Arkansas 33670 29560
Vermont 38780 34650
New Jersey 45960 43040
North Carolina 36890 34120
Rhode Island 40990 38240
Kansas 36450 33780
Maine 36050 33480
Maryland 43950 41360
Montana 32010 29880
South Dakota 30500 29080
Iowa 33370 31990
Indiana 35050 33820
Kentucky 33130 32170
Connecticut 45350 44400
Virginia 39160 39130
Ohio 35630 35910
Idaho 32480 32770
North Dakota 30210 30620
Arizona 34450 34880
South Carolina 31340 31940
New Mexico 32290 33000
Mississippi 27230 28630
Oklahoma 29530 31150
Texas 33670 35310
Alabama 30180 31940
Massachusetts 43260 45290
Florida 31470 33750
Missouri 31980 34460
Nebraska 30510 33060
Georgia 33200 35840
New York 40890 43590
Tennessee 30040 32730
Michigan 36850 39590
Delaware 36160 39050
New Hampshire 34100 37450
Pennsylvania 32510 35970
Colorado 35360 39820
California 36960 41980
Oregon 30440 36980
West Virginia 23400 30470
Wyoming 25190 32510
Illinois 31250 38580
Alaska 31960 42170
District of Columbia 43110 57980
Louisiana NA 31230
Ap
pend
ix B
Ta
ble
s |
Menta
l Health
and
Sub
sta
nce A
buse R
ole
s | M
enta
l Health
and S
ubsta
nce A
buse
Socia
l Work
ers
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 191
10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential
Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th
Utah $16280 $57910 2557
Colorado 17170 56560 2294
Virginia 20430 62740 2071
Idaho 16530 50650 2064
New Mexico 17080 51460 2013
Massachusetts 24360 68020 1792
Nevada 35370 98720 1791
Oklahoma 16160 44970 1783
Alabama 16480 45760 1777
Michigan 20110 54310 1701
Arizona 20060 53380 1661
Georgia 17310 45830 1648
Mississippi 14340 37890 1642
Rhode Island 25610 65210 1546
Connecticut 27150 67700 1494
Arkansas 20060 49360 1461
Wyoming 15620 37680 1412
Illinois 19210 46260 1408
South Carolina 19580 46560 1378
Pennsylvania 20330 48200 1371
New Hampshire 21680 51380 1370
California 23250 55060 1368
New York 25810 60420 1341
Maine 22760 52260 1296
Alaska 20810 47660 1290
Kansas 23470 53620 1285
Virgin Islands 22670 51500 1272
Oregon 19770 44600 1256
Tennessee 19230 43080 1240
Wisconsin 26510 59140 1231
North Dakota 19200 42750 1227
Missouri 20250 44430 1194
Nebraska 20320 43820 1156
Minnesota 28430 61170 1152
New Jersey 30360 64320 1119
Indiana 23290 48950 1102
West Virginia 15840 32810 1071
Florida 21570 44410 1059
Montana 21340 43300 1029
North Carolina 25540 51640 1022
Ohio 24920 49550 988
Texas 23820 46590 956
Iowa 24060 46620 938
Delaware 25710 49520 926
Maryland 29620 56960 923
Kentucky 23580 45120 913
District of Columbia 30750 57250 862
Hawaii 30870 56050 816
Vermont 30360 50130 651
South Dakota 23770 38880 636
Ap
pend
ix B
Ta
ble
s |
Menta
l Health
and
Sub
sta
nce A
buse R
ole
s | M
enta
l Health
and S
ubsta
nce A
buse
Socia
l Work
ers
192 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Per Capita (total population)
State Per 100000
Massachusetts 1450
District of Columbia 953
Mississippi 890
South Dakota 598
Missouri 535
South Carolina 504
Louisiana 413
Vermont 393
Maine 361
Idaho 360
New Hampshire 297
Michigan 289
New York 285
Kansas 265
West Virginia 256
Pennsylvania 252
Oklahoma 232
Tennessee 231
Wyoming 220
North Carolina 215
Montana 214
Nebraska 207
Rhode Island 200
Georgia 192
Wisconsin 191
New Jersey 187
Utah 185
Arizona 161
Texas 145
Florida 143
Alabama 141
Alaska 137
Illinois 132
Oregon 131
Virginia 116
Arkansas 115
Maryland 98
Kentucky 95
Nevada 92
Connecticut 90
New Mexico 65
California 49
Ohio 41
Delaware 37
Minnesota 25
Colorado NA
Hawaii NA
Indiana NA
Iowa NA
North Dakota NA
Washington NA
Annual Openings Due to Replacements
State Percentage
Louisiana 1000
Michigan 1000
Kentucky 833
New York 778
Pennsylvania 755
South Dakota 667
Massachusetts 665
Virginia 647
South Carolina 640
Georgia 600
Tennessee 571
Texas 571
Missouri 550
District of Columbia 538
Maryland 538
Illinois 512
Alabama 500
Maine 500
New Jersey 500
Oregon 500
Rhode Island 500
Utah 500
West Virginia 462
Florida 443
Kansas 429
Montana 429
Vermont 429
Nebraska 417
New Hampshire 417
California 400
Minnesota 400
North Carolina 400
Oklahoma 400
Mississippi 375
Ohio 353
Nevada 300
Idaho 273
Arkansas 250
Wisconsin 250
Arizona 211
Connecticut 00
Delaware 00
Alaska NA
Colorado NA
Hawaii NA
Indiana NA
Iowa NA
New Mexico NA
North Dakota NA
Washington NA
Wyoming NA
Total Growth
State Percentage
Arizona 517
Utah 372
Arkansas 370
Nevada 350
Idaho 319
Minnesota 280
Wisconsin 279
New Mexico 250
Ohio 234
Mississippi 216
Montana 200
Nebraska 196
New Hampshire 195
California 176
North Carolina 168
Kansas 167
Rhode Island 164
Florida 163
Alabama 159
Oklahoma 148
Vermont 145
West Virginia 138
Maine 128
Tennessee 127
New Jersey 125
Illinois 125
Missouri 118
District of Columbia 113
Oregon 109
Maryland 103
Texas 95
Wyoming 91
South Carolina 87
Georgia 79
Virginia 72
Massachusetts 65
South Dakota 59
Alaska 45
Pennsylvania 42
New York 33
Connecticut 32
Kentucky 18
Delaware 00
Michigan 00
Louisiana 00
Colorado NA
Hawaii NA
Indiana NA
Iowa NA
North Dakota NA
Washington NA
Ap
pend
ix B
Ta
ble
s |
Menta
l Health
and
Sub
sta
nce A
buse R
ole
s | P
sychia
tric A
ides
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 193
2000ndash2004 Wage Gain
State
M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004
Maine $21990 $27710 260
West Virginia 15200 18610 224
Louisiana 16220 19600 208
Alaska 28160 33850 202
Massachusetts 23270 27960 202
Kansas 17010 20400 199
Arkansas 15320 18330 196
Oklahoma 17060 20200 184
Nebraska 20110 23190 153
Iowa 24060 27440 140
Texas 17650 20080 138
New Jersey 25160 28600 137
Pennsylvania 26040 29360 127
Illinois 20000 22380 119
Arizona 19240 21490 117
Maryland 23100 25330 97
Alabama 16760 18280 91
Indiana 22420 24270 83
Wisconsin 20440 21940 73
New York 28600 30610 70
New Mexico 21470 22970 70
Connecticut 25190 26820 65
California 22760 24110 59
Oregon 24460 25450 40
Washington 28460 29410 33
Montana 22850 22790 -03
South Carolina 18140 17920 -12
Kentucky 19380 19130 -13
North Carolina 21060 20440 -29
Mississippi 17660 17070 -33
Missouri 20150 19450 -35
Georgia 22180 21150 -46
Virginia 23140 21770 -59
Michigan 27780 25780 -72
Tennessee 21900 20180 -79
Florida 21970 19780 -100
Ohio 28080 20210 -280
Colorado 22250 NA NA
District of Columbia NA 27290 NA
Hawaii NA 27630 NA
Idaho 24310 NA NA
Minnesota NA 24200 NA
Nevada NA 32120 NA
New Hampshire 21940 NA NA
North Dakota NA 20630 NA
Rhode Island 29220 NA NA
South Dakota NA 24530 NA
Utah 19110 NA NA
Vermont 20680 NA NA
Wyoming 13160 NA NA
2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark
State2004
Annual Wage2004 State
Annual Wage
Nevada $32120 $34300
South Dakota 24530 29080
Iowa 27440 31990
Maine 27710 33480
Pennsylvania 29360 35970
Montana 22790 29880
Alaska 33850 42170
Hawaii 27630 36750
Indiana 24270 33820
Nebraska 23190 33060
North Dakota 20630 30620
New Mexico 22970 33000
Oklahoma 20200 31150
Arkansas 18330 29560
Washington 29410 40860
Oregon 25450 36980
Mississippi 17070 28630
Louisiana 19600 31230
West Virginia 18610 30470
Tennessee 20180 32730
New York 30610 43590
Kentucky 19130 32170
Wisconsin 21940 35240
Kansas 20400 33780
Arizona 21490 34880
Alabama 18280 31940
North Carolina 20440 34120
Michigan 25780 39590
Florida 19780 33750
South Carolina 17920 31940
New Jersey 28600 43040
Georgia 21150 35840
Missouri 19450 34460
Texas 20080 35310
Minnesota 24200 39840
Ohio 20210 35910
Maryland 25330 41360
Illinois 22380 38580
Virginia 21770 39130
Massachusetts 27960 45290
Connecticut 26820 44400
California 24110 41980
District of Columbia 27290 57980
Ap
pend
ix B
Ta
ble
s |
Menta
l Health
and
Sub
sta
nce A
buse R
ole
s | P
sychia
tric A
ides
194 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential
Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th
New Mexico $13400 $33390 1492
District of Columbia 16510 38960 1360
Pennsylvania 19310 42810 1217
Iowa 18050 39410 1183
Illinois 15280 31700 1075
Arkansas 12830 26600 1073
Ohio 14750 30230 1049
Michigan 18200 36920 1029
Louisiana 13640 27250 998
Alabama 12350 24360 972
Oregon 17010 32940 937
West Virginia 13660 26150 914
New Jersey 21040 40140 908
North Carolina 14360 26740 862
Kentucky 14310 26610 860
Nevada 23000 42580 851
Tennessee 14990 27370 826
South Dakota 17720 32240 819
Washington 19840 35940 811
Connecticut 19400 34740 791
Indiana 18350 32670 780
Maryland 18850 33360 770
Alaska 24910 43620 751
Texas 15150 26360 740
Maine 20060 34660 728
Georgia 15980 27460 718
Minnesota 18200 31220 715
Missouri 15080 25750 708
Wisconsin 16570 27940 686
Montana 16630 27940 680
Oklahoma 15580 26000 669
Florida 15330 25180 643
Kansas 15860 25950 636
Arizona 16840 27510 634
Virginia 16960 27630 629
California 18510 29100 572
New York 23940 37340 560
Nebraska 18420 28530 549
South Carolina 14940 22400 499
Mississippi 14540 21720 494
Hawaii 23100 34310 485
Massachusetts 23020 34150 483
North Dakota 17820 25400 425
Ap
pend
ix B
Ta
ble
s |
Menta
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and
Sub
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nce A
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ole
s | P
sychia
tric A
ides
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 195
Per Capita (total population)
State Per 100000
District of Columbia 905
Illinois 523
Virginia 450
Utah 410
Rhode Island 359
North Carolina 348
Montana 344
Nebraska 337
South Dakota 256
Maine 238
Colorado 233
Louisiana 219
Indiana 209
Vermont 208
Alaska 203
Delaware 198
Florida 197
Idaho 179
Kansas 170
Oregon 167
Oklahoma 163
Arkansas 123
Kentucky 111
Ohio 111
North Dakota 109
Wisconsin 107
Pennsylvania 103
Arizona 101
Mississippi 101
New Jersey 93
Texas 92
Massachusetts 87
West Virginia 74
Georgia 69
Maryland 65
New York 55
Michigan 54
Alabama 49
Tennessee 35
Minnesota 23
California NA
Connecticut NA
Hawaii NA
Iowa NA
Missouri NA
Nevada NA
New Hampshire NA
New Mexico NA
South Carolina NA
Washington NA
Wyoming NA
Annual Openings Due to Replacements
State Percentage
District of Columbia 1000
Illinois 1000
Kentucky 1000
Louisiana 1000
Michigan 1000
Nebraska 1000
New York 1000
North Dakota 1000
Ohio 1000
Pennsylvania 1000
Rhode Island 1000
South Dakota 1000
Tennessee 1000
Vermont 1000
West Virginia 1000
Wisconsin 1000
Virginia 935
Massachusetts 933
Oregon 850
Indiana 800
Maryland 800
Delaware 667
Kansas 667
Florida 629
Oklahoma 600
Texas 556
Alabama 500
Maine 500
Mississippi 444
Colorado 435
Minnesota 400
Idaho 375
Arkansas 333
New Jersey 333
Utah 333
Georgia 300
North Carolina 267
Montana 250
Arizona 219
Alaska NA
California NA
Connecticut NA
Hawaii NA
Iowa NA
Missouri NA
Nevada NA
New Hampshire NA
New Mexico NA
South Carolina NA
Washington NA
Wyoming NA
Total Growth
State Percentage
Arizona 451
North Carolina 398
Montana 377
New Jersey 375
Minnesota 330
Georgia 237
Arkansas 234
Utah 232
Idaho 195
Mississippi 159
Alaska 154
Alabama 136
Maine 133
Kansas 130
Colorado 124
Texas 100
Florida 79
Oklahoma 70
Wisconsin 52
Oregon 51
West Virginia 45
Indiana 39
New York 38
North Dakota 14
Maryland 14
Virginia 09
Vermont 08
South Dakota 05
Delaware 00
Louisiana 00
Massachusetts 00
Pennsylvania 00
Tennessee 00
Ohio 00
Rhode Island 00
Michigan 00
Illinois 00
Nebraska 00
District of Columbia 00
Kentucky 00
California NA
Connecticut NA
Hawaii NA
Iowa NA
Missouri NA
Nevada NA
New Hampshire NA
New Mexico NA
South Carolina NA
Washington NA
Wyoming NA
Ap
pend
ix B
Ta
ble
s |
Menta
l Health
and
Sub
sta
nce A
buse R
ole
s | P
sychia
tric Te
chnic
ians
196 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
2000ndash2004 Wage Gain
State
M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004
Idaho $19050 $27250 430
New Mexico 17120 24080 407
Arizona 20650 28410 376
Iowa 19230 26140 359
Texas 17820 23540 321
Maryland 22590 29420 302
Massachusetts 26470 32250 218
Kentucky 18490 22430 213
Alabama 18050 21540 193
California 35180 41870 190
Ohio 23960 28470 188
Connecticut 37150 43830 180
Louisiana 16810 19690 171
Utah 18790 21740 157
Georgia 24600 28420 155
New York 27400 31460 148
Arkansas 17940 20360 135
North Carolina 23090 25940 123
Illinois 26380 29610 122
Vermont 28580 31910 117
Kansas 24020 26690 111
Missouri 19270 21280 104
Michigan 26910 28930 75
Florida 20950 22490 74
District of Columbia 31830 34150 73
Maine 22930 24320 61
Oregon 31300 33000 54
Colorado 29170 30650 51
Indiana 23690 24880 50
South Carolina 19790 20610 41
Wisconsin 29500 30620 38
Washington 31450 31910 15
Pennsylvania 26690 26950 10
Virginia 22700 22870 07
New Jersey 33740 33690 -01
Mississippi 19860 19790 -04
Minnesota 28290 28000 -10
Oklahoma 25120 23400 -68
Alaska 54180 NA NA
Delaware 28950 NA NA
Nebraska 20330 NA NA
Nevada 23020 NA NA
North Dakota NA 24830 NA
Rhode Island 34070 NA NA
Tennessee 20890 NA NA
West Virginia 22630 NA NA
2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark
State2004
Annual Wage2004 State
Annual Wage
California $41870 $41980
Connecticut 43830 44400
Vermont 31910 34650
Oregon 33000 36980
Wisconsin 30620 35240
Idaho 27250 32770
North Dakota 24830 30620
Iowa 26140 31990
Arizona 28410 34880
Kansas 26690 33780
Georgia 28420 35840
Ohio 28470 35910
Oklahoma 23400 31150
North Carolina 25940 34120
Mississippi 19790 28630
New Mexico 24080 33000
Indiana 24880 33820
Washington 31910 40860
Illinois 29610 38580
Pennsylvania 26950 35970
Colorado 30650 39820
Maine 24320 33480
Arkansas 20360 29560
New Jersey 33690 43040
Kentucky 22430 32170
Alabama 21540 31940
Michigan 28930 39590
Florida 22490 33750
South Carolina 20610 31940
Louisiana 19690 31230
Texas 23540 35310
Minnesota 28000 39840
Maryland 29420 41360
New York 31460 43590
Utah 21740 34110
Massachusetts 32250 45290
Missouri 21280 34460
Virginia 22870 39130
District of Columbia 34150 57980
Ap
pend
ix B
Ta
ble
s |
Menta
l Health
and
Sub
sta
nce A
buse R
ole
s | P
sychia
tric Te
chnic
ians
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 197
10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential
Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th
Alabama $12460 $31630 1539
New Jersey 20590 49690 1413
Idaho 18120 40200 1219
North Dakota 18420 40060 1175
Massachusetts 20910 45450 1174
Georgia 18540 39890 1152
Maryland 20240 42120 1081
Oregon 21460 43810 1041
New Mexico 16310 32560 996
New York 21530 42740 985
Iowa 18550 36640 975
Ohio 19960 39270 967
Wisconsin 21710 41700 921
District of Columbia 23180 43860 892
Pennsylvania 19260 36130 876
California 29420 54940 867
Texas 17110 31520 842
Michigan 20220 36790 819
Arizona 21010 37860 802
Kansas 19380 34580 784
Florida 16340 29150 784
Louisiana 14710 26040 770
Mississippi 15060 26500 760
South Carolina 15350 26850 749
Arkansas 15440 26990 748
Vermont 24370 42310 736
Connecticut 31710 54760 727
Colorado 23410 40420 727
North Carolina 18190 30480 676
Washington 24340 40780 675
Indiana 19320 31990 656
Maine 19380 31480 624
Kentucky 17510 28420 623
Virginia 18050 29080 611
Oklahoma 18190 29280 610
Minnesota 21700 34870 607
Illinois 22570 36090 599
Utah 17890 27940 562
Missouri 17820 26610 493
Ap
pend
ix B
Ta
ble
s |
Menta
l Health
and
Sub
sta
nce A
buse R
ole
s | P
sychia
tric Te
chnic
ians
198 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Annual Openings Due to Replacements
State Percentage
North Dakota 857
West Virginia 800
Michigan 771
Louisiana 750
District of Columbia 739
South Carolina 700
Wyoming 700
Iowa 667
New York 667
North Carolina 667
Connecticut 625
Nebraska 615
Delaware 600
Oklahoma 600
Vermont 600
Washington 589
Maine 579
Ohio 573
Alabama 571
Alaska 567
Illinois 566
Maryland 564
Mississippi 563
Virginia 563
Pennsylvania 552
Nevada 550
New Jersey 545
Georgia 540
Florida 523
Texas 519
Hawaii 500
Montana 500
New Mexico 500
Rhode Island 500
South Dakota 500
Tennessee 500
Indiana 480
Oregon 480
New Hampshire 462
Minnesota 458
Colorado 446
Kentucky 440
Missouri 429
Idaho 423
Arkansas 417
Massachusetts 412
Wisconsin 400
California 373
Arizona 361
Kansas 353
Utah 333
Total Growth
State Percentage
Arizona 400
Utah 400
Kansas 393
Nevada 360
Arkansas 345
Idaho 335
Missouri 323
Kentucky 301
New Mexico 294
Massachusetts 288
Alaska 275
Wyoming 273
Minnesota 271
Hawaii 267
New Hampshire 256
Colorado 245
Montana 243
Georgia 242
Tennessee 242
Rhode Island 240
Wisconsin 238
South Dakota 220
Indiana 215
Texas 213
Oregon 210
Florida 205
Delaware 192
New Jersey 192
Pennsylvania 184
California 183
Vermont 182
Maine 180
Virginia 179
Maryland 178
Illinois 175
Washington 174
Oklahoma 171
Ohio 171
Mississippi 170
North Carolina 158
Iowa 149
Alabama 148
Connecticut 126
Nebraska 122
New York 111
West Virginia 90
South Carolina 89
Louisiana 85
District of Columbia 82
Michigan 76
North Dakota 48
Per Capita (total population)
State Per 100000
District of Columbia 1311
Alaska 796
South Dakota 539
Maryland 494
Rhode Island 479
Montana 461
North Dakota 426
Iowa 424
Vermont 393
Maine 360
New York 357
Oregon 352
Washington 351
Idaho 345
Connecticut 344
Colorado 327
Delaware 323
Massachusetts 320
New Jersey 303
South Carolina 300
Pennsylvania 287
Hawaii 243
California 234
Illinois 223
Wyoming 220
Nebraska 218
Missouri 218
Oklahoma 218
Utah 216
Kansas 206
New Hampshire 199
Indiana 196
Alabama 196
Wisconsin 193
Minnesota 190
North Carolina 190
New Mexico 183
Florida 181
Ohio 180
Arizona 177
Arkansas 156
Texas 140
Mississippi 137
Louisiana 132
Michigan 118
Nevada 115
Kentucky 113
Georgia 111
Virginia 108
Tennessee 107
West Virginia 92
Ap
pend
ix B
Ta
ble
s |
Menta
l Health
and
Sub
sta
nce A
buse R
ole
s | S
ubsta
nce A
buse
and B
ehavio
ral D
isord
er C
ounse
lors
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 199
2000ndash2004 Wage Gain
State
M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004
New Hampshire $21900 $38880 775
Arizona 26920 42630 584
Oklahoma 20810 31740 525
Nevada 25950 39160 509
New Jersey 33910 47450 399
New Mexico 26270 36180 377
Indiana 28430 37630 324
Montana 24780 32580 315
Florida 26750 35170 315
Kentucky 26710 34390 288
Kansas 26310 33140 260
Nebraska 27640 34700 255
Minnesota 31950 40090 255
Georgia 27990 34990 250
Massachusetts 30250 37570 242
Missouri 28400 35080 235
Ohio 29300 34900 191
California 28140 33340 185
Alabama 27870 32680 173
Michigan 31280 36320 161
South Dakota 28190 32470 152
South Carolina 29840 34340 151
Wyoming 29780 34090 145
Oregon 28040 32070 144
Maine 28490 32580 144
Maryland 32510 37000 138
Idaho 31490 35600 131
North Carolina 29640 33450 129
Washington 29080 32770 127
Connecticut 34070 38400 127
Virginia 36970 41530 123
Tennessee 27590 30660 111
District of Columbia 34930 38710 108
Iowa 28670 31720 106
Colorado 28810 31830 105
North Dakota 33050 36000 89
Illinois 28030 30350 83
Alaska 34130 36930 82
Mississippi 24500 26300 73
Texas 26750 28090 50
West Virginia 28930 30340 49
New York 36600 37960 37
Arkansas 22130 22890 34
Pennsylvania 30160 30940 26
Louisiana 27910 28590 24
Utah 35070 35400 09
Delaware 33780 32910 -26
Vermont 40300 38220 -52
Wisconsin 41560 37930 -87
Hawaii 40030 34510 -138
Rhode Island 26090 NA NA
2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark
State2004
Annual Wage2004 State
Annual Wage
Arizona $42630 $34880
North Dakota 36000 30620
Nevada 39160 34300
New Jersey 47450 43040
Indiana 37630 33820
Vermont 38220 34650
South Dakota 32470 29080
New Mexico 36180 33000
Idaho 35600 32770
Montana 32580 29880
Wisconsin 37930 35240
South Carolina 34340 31940
Virginia 41530 39130
Kentucky 34390 32170
Nebraska 34700 33060
Wyoming 34090 32510
Florida 35170 33750
New Hampshire 38880 37450
Utah 35400 34110
Alabama 32680 31940
Missouri 35080 34460
Oklahoma 31740 31150
Minnesota 40090 39840
West Virginia 30340 30470
Iowa 31720 31990
Kansas 33140 33780
North Carolina 33450 34120
Georgia 34990 35840
Maine 32580 33480
Ohio 34900 35910
Tennessee 30660 32730
Hawaii 34510 36750
Mississippi 26300 28630
Louisiana 28590 31230
Michigan 36320 39590
Maryland 37000 41360
Oregon 32070 36980
Pennsylvania 30940 35970
Alaska 36930 42170
New York 37960 43590
Connecticut 38400 44400
Delaware 32910 39050
Arkansas 22890 29560
Texas 28090 35310
Massachusetts 37570 45290
Colorado 31830 39820
Washington 32770 40860
Illinois 30350 38580
California 33340 41980
District of Columbia 38710 57980
Ap
pend
ix B
Ta
ble
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Menta
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and
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buse R
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ubsta
nce A
buse
and B
ehavio
ral D
isord
er C
ounse
lors
200 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential
Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th
New Jersey $24050 $88780 2691
Arizona 20210 66880 2309
Virginia 21970 67230 2060
Minnesota 18010 54790 2042
Nevada 19310 57400 1973
New Hampshire 20370 55460 1723
District of Columbia 14740 39610 1687
Connecticut 16530 43260 1617
Vermont 19910 51140 1569
New York 20030 47880 1390
Wisconsin 22550 53640 1379
Indiana 15310 36320 1372
Massachusetts 20420 48440 1372
Maryland 21790 51380 1358
Alaska 19300 45070 1335
Michigan 19380 44710 1307
New Mexico 20680 47160 1280
North Dakota 25290 57620 1278
Idaho 23990 52890 1205
Utah 20910 45860 1193
Florida 21540 46770 1171
Missouri 23100 49420 1139
Georgia 25210 53650 1128
Ohio 25130 53050 1111
Nebraska 19620 41410 1111
Hawaii 25650 53910 1102
Kentucky 22070 46270 1097
South Carolina 18550 38530 1077
Wyoming 24130 49800 1064
North Carolina 22550 45880 1035
California 19440 39420 1028
Kansas 23960 48220 1013
Delaware 22450 45060 1007
Washington 22700 45200 991
Alabama 23270 45110 939
Maine 26420 51130 935
Montana 23220 43850 888
South Dakota 24820 46110 858
Oregon 23980 43870 829
Colorado 25130 45850 825
Oklahoma 29790 54070 815
Iowa 24900 44490 787
Pennsylvania 24480 43710 786
Tennessee 28010 49980 784
Illinois 23070 40730 765
West Virginia 24750 43430 755
Louisiana 24920 42690 713
Texas 27890 47540 705
Mississippi 29230 46110 577
Arkansas 28300 44460 571
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 201
Ap
pend
ix B
Ta
ble
s |
Menta
l Health
and
Sub
sta
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buse R
ole
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ubsta
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and B
ehavio
ral D
isord
er C
ounse
lors
Total Growth
State Percentage
Nevada 411
Idaho 381
Utah 353
New Mexico 313
Arizona 303
South Dakota 298
Maryland 293
Colorado 286
Wyoming 281
Texas 276
Florida 266
Alabama 265
Virginia 263
Montana 257
New Jersey 241
New Hampshire 240
Maine 236
Vermont 235
Georgia 230
Kansas 226
Pennsylvania 221
Minnesota 218
Missouri 213
Washington 212
Wisconsin 203
Mississippi 201
North Carolina 200
South Carolina 200
Iowa 190
California 189
Nebraska 188
Indiana 183
Arkansas 183
Hawaii 173
Alaska 171
Connecticut 168
Rhode Island 167
Tennessee 162
North Dakota 156
Ohio 153
New York 147
Delaware 140
Oregon 140
West Virginia 130
Massachusetts 124
Illinois 122
Oklahoma 107
Louisiana 102
District of Columbia 83
Michigan 66
Per Capita (total population)
State Per 100000
Rhode Island 2233
Delaware 2121
District of Columbia 1957
Vermont 1766
Massachusetts 1623
Maine 1610
West Virginia 1553
Oklahoma 1551
South Dakota 1477
Montana 1423
Connecticut 1376
Minnesota 1325
Utah 1272
Hawaii 1264
Michigan 1235
Wisconsin 1213
Illinois 1197
Alaska 1186
Pennsylvania 1173
Nebraska 1150
Missouri 1143
New York 1140
New Mexico 1083
Iowa 1058
North Carolina 1032
Tennessee 1024
North Dakota 1011
New Jersey 968
Arizona 948
Virginia 935
Oregon 931
Ohio 874
Colorado 869
Louisiana 809
Georgia 773
Mississippi 770
Indiana 755
Arkansas 734
California 712
Wyoming 641
New Hampshire 637
Maryland 611
Florida 586
Washington 583
Nevada 544
Kansas 505
Texas 493
Alabama 437
South Carolina 390
Idaho 194
Kentucky NA
Annual Openings Due to Replacements
State Percentage
Michigan 719
District of Columbia 679
Louisiana 620
Oklahoma 613
Hawaii 600
Illinois 584
Alaska 567
West Virginia 565
Delaware 547
New York 536
Ohio 528
North Dakota 524
Tennessee 513
Connecticut 506
Rhode Island 506
Iowa 500
Indiana 494
Oregon 489
Arkansas 486
Nebraska 479
California 478
Massachusetts 478
North Carolina 469
South Carolina 467
Mississippi 463
Wisconsin 458
Washington 457
Colorado 456
Missouri 448
Minnesota 440
Georgia 437
Pennsylvania 434
Maine 424
Vermont 422
Alabama 412
New Hampshire 412
Montana 400
New Jersey 400
Florida 395
Virginia 395
Texas 385
New Mexico 370
Maryland 368
Arizona 361
South Dakota 358
Utah 333
Kansas 326
Nevada 290
Idaho 286
Wyoming 100
Kentucky NA
Ap
pend
ix B
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ble
s |
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rontlin
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ccup
atio
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hild
Fam
ily and S
chool S
ocia
l Work
ers
202 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
2000ndash2004 Wage Gain
StateM e a n A n n u a l Percent
Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004
Wyoming $23760 $33800 423
Montana 23920 32640 365
Massachusetts 34770 45800 317
New Hampshire 30840 38870 260
North Dakota 30190 38010 259
Minnesota 36010 44710 242
California 36150 44570 233
Louisiana 31310 38310 224
Vermont 31290 37990 214
Maryland 36220 43980 214
Kansas 27250 32920 208
Maine 30120 36110 199
Nebraska 26440 31250 182
Illinois 35700 42170 181
Washington 30060 35390 177
Rhode Island 40970 47990 171
Michigan 38490 44860 165
Missouri 27350 31820 163
Alabama 28000 32540 162
Ohio 31440 36430 159
Arkansas 27640 32020 158
New York 38300 44190 154
Oklahoma 25830 29620 147
Nevada 36650 41980 145
West Virginia 22390 25530 140
Colorado 37180 42230 136
Texas 29820 33820 134
Wisconsin 34520 39040 131
Connecticut 45360 51100 127
North Carolina 32270 35980 115
Utah 29480 32750 111
Alaska 35200 38860 104
Iowa 32640 35900 100
Florida 30160 33090 97
Indiana 28590 31260 93
Georgia 30780 33560 90
New Jersey 45200 49240 89
Tennessee 25670 27930 88
South Dakota 28140 30440 82
Pennsylvania 29530 31880 80
Delaware 33700 36300 77
Virginia 35970 38700 76
South Carolina 28630 30750 74
Hawaii 38940 41650 70
Arizona 30940 32650 55
Mississippi 28230 29380 41
District of Columbia 36530 37870 37
Oregon 35190 35710 15
New Mexico 30970 28850 -68
Idaho 38830 32340 -167
Kentucky 28140 NA NA
2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark
State2004
Annual Wage2004 State
Annual Wage
Rhode Island $47990 $38240
Nevada 41980 34300
North Dakota 38010 30620
Louisiana 38310 31230
Connecticut 51100 44400
New Jersey 49240 43040
Michigan 44860 39590
Minnesota 44710 39840
Hawaii 41650 36750
Iowa 35900 31990
Wisconsin 39040 35240
Illinois 42170 38580
Vermont 37990 34650
Montana 32640 29880
Maine 36110 33480
California 44570 41980
Maryland 43980 41360
Arkansas 32020 29560
Colorado 42230 39820
North Carolina 35980 34120
New Hampshire 38870 37450
South Dakota 30440 29080
Wyoming 33800 32510
Mississippi 29380 28630
Alabama 32540 31940
New York 44190 43590
Ohio 36430 35910
Massachusetts 45800 45290
Virginia 38700 39130
Idaho 32340 32770
Florida 33090 33750
Kansas 32920 33780
South Carolina 30750 31940
Oregon 35710 36980
Utah 32750 34110
Texas 33820 35310
Oklahoma 29620 31150
Nebraska 31250 33060
Arizona 32650 34880
Georgia 33560 35840
Indiana 31260 33820
Missouri 31820 34460
Delaware 36300 39050
Alaska 38860 42170
Pennsylvania 31880 35970
New Mexico 28850 33000
Tennessee 27930 32730
West Virginia 25530 30470
Washington 35390 40860
District of Columbia 37870 57980
Ap
pend
ix B
Ta
ble
s |
Oth
er F
rontlin
e O
ccup
atio
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ole
s | C
hild
Fam
ily and S
chool S
ocia
l Work
ers
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 203
10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential
Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th
Illinois $22170 $64510 1910
New Jersey 27820 75890 1728
Virginia 22830 60760 1661
Michigan 25340 66290 1616
California 26210 67700 1583
New York 27130 69360 1557
Rhode Island 27380 69310 1531
New Mexico 17210 43430 1524
Pennsylvania 19080 47500 1490
Alabama 19850 48690 1453
Iowa 21100 51690 1450
Colorado 25690 62900 1448
New Hampshire 25620 62360 1434
Louisiana 22970 55640 1422
Massachusetts 27620 65910 1386
Connecticut 29920 71230 1381
District of Columbia 24530 57170 1331
Oregon 22170 51160 1308
Idaho 22660 51060 1253
Maryland 25970 57520 1215
Alaska 25610 56040 1188
Wisconsin 25650 55880 1179
Minnesota 28890 62830 1175
Montana 20400 43850 1150
Nevada 28190 59640 1116
Florida 23010 48680 1116
Utah 21790 46050 1113
Texas 23040 48590 1109
Delaware 23890 50190 1101
Ohio 24350 51110 1099
Washington 24300 50910 1095
Hawaii 27550 57320 1081
Arizona 21200 43820 1067
Nebraska 21540 43670 1027
North Dakota 26600 53670 1018
West Virginia 16990 34270 1017
North Carolina 24950 49250 974
Arkansas 22640 44300 957
Maine 25220 49190 950
Vermont 26510 51630 948
Indiana 22030 42380 924
Tennessee 20060 38510 920
Missouri 22730 42820 884
Wyoming 24510 45770 867
Mississippi 21690 39560 824
Kansas 24500 43890 791
South Carolina 23220 41170 773
Oklahoma 20360 35110 724
South Dakota 23540 39400 674
Georgia 27650 43280 565
Ap
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ble
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rontlin
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ily and S
chool S
ocia
l Work
ers
204 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Per Capita (total population)
State Per 100000
Utah 1474
Washington 1457
Illinois 1238
California 1220
New Jersey 1178
Alaska 1097
Montana 1095
Colorado 1083
Oregon 1067
Wisconsin 1048
Kansas 1047
Delaware 1042
Rhode Island 1020
Virginia 1018
Connecticut 1000
New Hampshire 996
Maryland 994
Idaho 992
Michigan 992
Arizona 971
Massachusetts 962
Vermont 959
Nebraska 945
Oklahoma 935
Tennessee 929
South Dakota 923
Missouri 917
Indiana 898
New York 888
Minnesota 875
Nevada 857
Ohio 854
New Mexico 841
Kentucky 837
North Dakota 828
Florida 824
Hawaii 810
Iowa 794
South Carolina 770
Arkansas 767
Louisiana 737
Maine 730
Mississippi 727
Texas 723
North Carolina 709
Alabama 676
Pennsylvania 642
Georgia 542
Wyoming 361
West Virginia 348
District of Columbia NA
Annual Openings Due to Replacements
State Percentage
Connecticut 620
Hawaii 600
Washington 580
Nebraska 556
Michigan 537
Illinois 536
West Virginia 514
Rhode Island 500
New York 490
North Dakota 484
Maine 482
Georgia 468
Iowa 464
Louisiana 462
Vermont 459
South Carolina 458
Oklahoma 457
Colorado 455
Pennsylvania 455
Delaware 453
Montana 452
Minnesota 451
Mississippi 446
Ohio 445
New Jersey 431
Oregon 429
Maryland 425
Alabama 425
Florida 422
Kentucky 417
South Dakota 417
New Mexico 409
Texas 400
Wisconsin 400
Indiana 395
Arkansas 387
New Hampshire 375
Utah 370
Massachusetts 367
Missouri 367
Virginia 361
North Carolina 354
Nevada 347
Tennessee 330
California 328
Idaho 327
Arizona 286
Kansas 286
Wyoming 200
Alaska NA
District of Columbia NA
Total Growth
State Percentage
Arizona 700
Georgia 607
California 571
Idaho 569
Tennessee 563
North Carolina 530
Nevada 529
Utah 506
Virginia 494
New Hampshire 472
Missouri 472
Kansas 458
Wyoming 444
Arkansas 442
Indiana 429
Colorado 427
Wisconsin 425
Texas 420
New Mexico 417
South Dakota 397
Alaska 394
Kentucky 392
Alabama 383
Florida 383
Maryland 376
New Jersey 366
Oklahoma 350
Ohio 348
Delaware 345
Mississippi 343
Louisiana 342
Minnesota 341
Montana 337
Pennsylvania 332
Vermont 330
South Carolina 323
Iowa 313
Massachusetts 306
Maine 306
North Dakota 305
New York 295
Rhode Island 288
West Virginia 275
Oregon 261
Michigan 243
Illinois 243
Hawaii 230
Washington 218
Nebraska 218
Connecticut 165
District of Columbia NA
Ap
pend
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enta
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nts
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 205
2000ndash2004 Wage Gain
State
M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004
New Hampshire $23010 $35540 545
Arizona 22760 32080 409
South Dakota 18890 26360 395
West Virginia 19120 26070 363
Maryland 24820 32050 291
Louisiana 18500 23210 255
Maine 22500 28020 245
Vermont 25900 31490 216
New York 24780 29750 201
Oregon 28490 34140 198
Delaware 26140 31150 192
Arkansas 19200 22840 190
North Carolina 26220 31160 188
Michigan 26010 30870 187
North Dakota 25240 29760 179
Nebraska 22570 26540 176
Wisconsin 24250 28110 159
Colorado 29680 34290 155
Ohio 24340 28080 154
Virginia 26620 30690 153
Missouri 24110 27620 146
Florida 24570 28030 141
Tennessee 24200 27600 140
South Carolina 24720 28050 135
Indiana 25140 28380 129
Pennsylvania 23280 25920 113
Connecticut 30640 33940 108
Mississippi 21290 23490 103
Nevada 31340 34450 99
Iowa 26290 28720 92
Minnesota 31430 34170 87
New Jersey 30820 33430 85
Alabama 20750 22230 71
Wyoming 22330 23870 69
Rhode Island 27710 29510 65
Kentucky 24320 25860 63
Oklahoma 23150 24530 60
Kansas 24140 25300 48
Illinois 27160 28460 48
Utah 23280 24300 44
Georgia 26270 27280 38
New Mexico 23060 23910 37
California 30630 31750 37
Montana 22450 23010 25
Massachusetts 33470 34290 24
Hawaii 28450 29030 20
Texas 27080 27550 17
Washington 32380 32670 09
Idaho 29220 29050 -06
Alaska 36370 34240 -59
District of Columbia 39910 36930 -75
2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark
State2004
Annual Wage2004 State
Annual Wage
Nevada $34450 $34300
North Dakota 29760 30620
New Hampshire 35540 37450
South Dakota 26360 29080
Arizona 32080 34880
Oregon 34140 36980
North Carolina 31160 34120
Vermont 31490 34650
Iowa 28720 31990
Idaho 29050 32770
South Carolina 28050 31940
West Virginia 26070 30470
Tennessee 27600 32730
Mississippi 23490 28630
Maine 28020 33480
Indiana 28380 33820
Colorado 34290 39820
Minnesota 34170 39840
Florida 28030 33750
Kentucky 25860 32170
Nebraska 26540 33060
Oklahoma 24530 31150
Arkansas 22840 29560
Missouri 27620 34460
Montana 23010 29880
Wisconsin 28110 35240
Hawaii 29030 36750
Texas 27550 35310
Ohio 28080 35910
Delaware 31150 39050
Alaska 34240 42170
Louisiana 23210 31230
Washington 32670 40860
Virginia 30690 39130
Kansas 25300 33780
Georgia 27280 35840
Wyoming 23870 32510
Rhode Island 29510 38240
Michigan 30870 39590
New Mexico 23910 33000
Maryland 32050 41360
New Jersey 33430 43040
Alabama 22230 31940
Utah 24300 34110
Pennsylvania 25920 35970
Illinois 28460 38580
California 31750 41980
Connecticut 33940 44400
Massachusetts 34290 45290
New York 29750 43590
District of Columbia 36930 57980
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10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential
Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th
Montana $12070 $34860 1888
Idaho 17600 44490 1528
Rhode Island 16270 40790 1507
Arizona 18100 43410 1398
Virginia 19270 45090 1340
Alabama 14310 33230 1322
Mississippi 14810 34120 1304
Louisiana 14680 33450 1279
New Mexico 15190 34190 1251
California 20100 43950 1187
North Carolina 20180 43470 1154
Texas 18190 38930 1140
Missouri 18490 39310 1126
North Dakota 20210 42240 1090
Pennsylvania 17100 35420 1071
Colorado 23040 47610 1066
Michigan 20830 42050 1019
Arkansas 15730 31680 1014
Washington 22270 44660 1005
Illinois 18800 37680 1004
Hawaii 17560 35160 1002
South Carolina 19610 39170 997
Delaware 21510 42830 991
Wyoming 16350 32240 972
Minnesota 22680 44370 956
New Jersey 23160 44860 937
West Virginia 18200 35180 933
Maryland 21810 42130 932
Georgia 18890 36260 920
Kentucky 18120 34500 904
Kansas 18290 34450 884
Florida 19700 36520 854
Utah 16930 31360 852
New York 21850 40450 851
Connecticut 23910 43790 831
New Hampshire 24600 45030 830
Indiana 19980 36400 822
South Dakota 19310 34720 798
Iowa 20950 37650 797
Oklahoma 18340 32810 789
Vermont 22630 40270 779
Tennessee 19690 34880 771
Massachusetts 25320 44240 747
Ohio 20320 35380 741
Wisconsin 20720 35160 697
Nebraska 20110 34100 696
Oregon 26180 43450 660
Maine 22400 35600 589
Alaska 27650 43270 565
Nevada 28160 43070 529
District of Columbia 29780 44360 490
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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 207
Per Capita (total population)
State Per 100000
Nebraska 371
Maryland 300
Rhode Island 254
Oklahoma 224
North Dakota 175
Alabama 174
Arizona 163
Massachusetts 147
Illinois 141
Delaware 136
Colorado 129
Michigan 128
Maine 125
Ohio 118
Missouri 118
Louisiana 114
Iowa 109
Indiana 109
District of Columbia 108
Pennsylvania 107
Utah 99
Montana 99
Connecticut 98
North Carolina 97
New Mexico 92
South Carolina 85
Idaho 84
New York 79
New Hampshire 78
Florida 78
Minnesota 77
Wisconsin 75
Washington 74
Tennessee 71
California 69
Virginia 68
Texas 67
Kansas 59
Mississippi 58
Arkansas 51
Georgia 47
New Jersey 47
West Virginia 39
Kentucky 33
Nevada 23
Oregon 20
Alaska NA
Hawaii NA
South Dakota NA
Vermont NA
Wyoming NA
Annual Openings Due to Replacements
State Percentage
District of Columbia 1000
New Jersey 1000
West Virginia 1000
Louisiana 600
South Carolina 600
Maryland 564
Washington 550
Massachusetts 545
Ohio 529
Connecticut 500
Delaware 500
Iowa 500
Kentucky 500
New York 500
Wisconsin 500
Illinois 469
Colorado 464
Georgia 450
Indiana 450
Missouri 450
Michigan 436
California 429
Virginia 429
Alabama 400
Arkansas 400
Nebraska 400
Kansas 375
Rhode Island 375
Pennsylvania 366
Oklahoma 350
Idaho 333
Maine 333
Minnesota 333
Montana 333
New Hampshire 333
North Dakota 333
Tennessee 333
Texas 333
Florida 320
Mississippi 286
North Carolina 250
Arizona 218
Utah 00
Alaska NA
Hawaii NA
Nevada NA
New Mexico NA
Oregon NA
South Dakota NA
Vermont NA
Wyoming NA
Total Growth
State Percentage
Arizona 489
Idaho 434
Nevada 400
Utah 391
New Mexico 353
Kansas 313
Mississippi 299
North Carolina 284
Texas 276
Georgia 275
Florida 262
Colorado 259
New Jersey 250
Minnesota 245
Montana 244
Wisconsin 244
Maine 241
Arkansas 216
New Hampshire 210
Massachusetts 202
Pennsylvania 197
Tennessee 195
Alabama 192
Nebraska 183
Delaware 182
Oklahoma 179
Michigan 178
Washington 178
Connecticut 176
Rhode Island 176
Iowa 172
California 167
Indiana 164
Missouri 164
Virginia 162
Louisiana 157
North Dakota 153
Illinois 149
Oregon 143
New York 125
Kentucky 120
Ohio 119
South Carolina 114
Maryland 107
West Virginia 57
District of Columbia 16
Alaska NA
Hawaii NA
South Dakota NA
Vermont NA
Wyoming NA
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208 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
2000ndash2004 Wage Gain
State
M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004
Utah $16710 $23880 429
Idaho 17440 24840 424
Massachusetts 22610 32100 420
Nevada 24670 34520 399
Alabama 17390 23790 368
Iowa 15970 21530 348
Texas 19000 24470 288
Illinois 18630 23990 288
Oklahoma 15870 20260 277
Virginia 17940 22340 245
Connecticut 26720 33220 243
Maryland 24040 29510 228
Washington 27520 33480 217
Michigan 22840 27050 184
Missouri 17690 20890 181
Mississippi 18550 21660 168
New Hampshire 23210 26890 159
Kentucky 21840 25220 155
Minnesota 27930 32250 155
Nebraska 18390 21160 151
California 26030 29820 146
Colorado 19940 22770 142
Vermont 22010 25110 141
Maine 23000 26190 139
Kansas 18980 21470 131
Louisiana 15180 17090 126
Rhode Island 21080 23590 119
Ohio 26660 29740 116
New Jersey 29590 32760 107
Wisconsin 22240 24200 88
Pennsylvania 23280 25140 80
Florida 22830 24210 60
Tennessee 20900 21480 28
Oregon 27200 27800 22
New York 30400 30630 08
North Carolina 21220 21220 00
Indiana 21800 21420 -17
New Mexico 20460 19830 -31
District of Columbia 24940 24100 -34
West Virginia 22600 21620 -43
Arizona 21670 19950 -79
South Carolina 21290 19250 -96
Arkansas 22500 18930 -159
Georgia 29970 22940 -235
Delaware 18380 NA NA
Hawaii NA 28950 NA
Montana NA 20730 NA
North Dakota NA 20590 NA
2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark
State2004
Annual Wage2004 State
Annual Wage
Nevada $34520 $34300
Ohio 29740 35910
Kentucky 25220 32170
Mississippi 21660 28630
Maine 26190 33480
Washington 33480 40860
Minnesota 32250 39840
Hawaii 28950 36750
Idaho 24840 32770
Alabama 23790 31940
West Virginia 21620 30470
Montana 20730 29880
Oregon 27800 36980
Florida 24210 33750
Vermont 25110 34650
North Dakota 20590 30620
Utah 23880 34110
New Jersey 32760 43040
Iowa 21530 31990
New Hampshire 26890 37450
Arkansas 18930 29560
Pennsylvania 25140 35970
Texas 24470 35310
Oklahoma 20260 31150
Wisconsin 24200 35240
Connecticut 33220 44400
Tennessee 21480 32730
Maryland 29510 41360
Nebraska 21160 33060
California 29820 41980
Kansas 21470 33780
Indiana 21420 33820
Michigan 27050 39590
South Carolina 19250 31940
North Carolina 21220 34120
Georgia 22940 35840
New York 30630 43590
New Mexico 19830 33000
Massachusetts 32100 45290
Missouri 20890 34460
Louisiana 17090 31230
Illinois 23990 38580
Rhode Island 23590 38240
Arizona 19950 34880
Virginia 22340 39130
Colorado 22770 39820
District of Columbia 24100 57980
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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 209
10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential
Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th
Nevada $15400 $55590 2610
Massachusetts 17870 63330 2544
Illinois 13700 47070 2436
Idaho 13700 41370 2020
Florida 14030 39810 1837
Texas 13410 37080 1765
Alabama 13610 37490 1755
Oregon 15110 41030 1715
Georgia 12820 34540 1694
Pennsylvania 15470 39830 1575
Arizona 12190 31320 1569
West Virginia 12820 32830 1561
District of Columbia 13670 34720 1540
California 17450 43060 1468
Colorado 13800 33330 1415
Rhode Island 14970 34160 1282
New York 18610 42100 1262
Mississippi 14440 32650 1261
New Jersey 19330 43630 1257
Michigan 18830 42320 1247
Arkansas 12400 27800 1242
Kansas 14290 31900 1232
South Carolina 12740 28340 1224
Montana 12780 28280 1213
New Mexico 13210 29020 1197
North Carolina 13620 29720 1182
Virginia 15170 32960 1173
Louisiana 11900 25620 1153
Wisconsin 16110 34610 1148
Oklahoma 14010 30060 1146
Kentucky 18190 38630 1124
Missouri 14220 29510 1075
Indiana 14640 30110 1057
Ohio 19410 38380 977
Nebraska 14760 29120 973
Connecticut 22970 43690 902
Iowa 15700 28800 834
New Hampshire 19570 35690 824
Utah 17540 31530 798
Vermont 18770 33670 794
Minnesota 24060 42880 782
Tennessee 15800 28070 777
North Dakota 15690 27810 772
Hawaii 21980 38100 733
Maine 19850 34340 730
Washington 25730 42800 663
Maryland 23990 35760 491
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Per Capita (total population)
State Per 100000
District of Columbia 4706
Arkansas 4696
North Dakota 4194
Louisiana 4056
Oklahoma 3953
West Virginia 3898
Tennessee 3821
Nebraska 3700
Alabama 3559
South Carolina 3541
Minnesota 3511
Missouri 3213
Ohio 3131
Mississippi 3121
Pennsylvania 2961
Kentucky 2921
Texas 2785
Delaware 2717
Massachusetts 2699
Florida 2696
Virginia 2629
Georgia 2616
Vermont 2581
Indiana 2535
Montana 2499
Kansas 2495
South Dakota 2460
New York 2453
Iowa 2339
Wisconsin 2320
Idaho 2196
Connecticut 2151
New Jersey 2145
Rhode Island 2097
North Carolina 2091
Hawaii 1985
Michigan 1798
Maine 1768
New Mexico 1752
Washington 1722
Illinois 1677
Arizona 1622
California 1512
Colorado 1429
Maryland 1409
Wyoming 1322
Utah 1254
Nevada 1134
Oregon 832
Alaska 811
New Hampshire NA
Annual Openings Due to Replacements
State Percentage
District of Columbia 1000
South Carolina 949
Connecticut 781
North Dakota 773
Pennsylvania 727
Nebraska 697
Michigan 696
Delaware 686
West Virginia 671
Massachusetts 670
New York 658
Louisiana 637
Indiana 630
Rhode Island 628
Illinois 625
Kentucky 624
Missouri 622
Maine 602
Iowa 600
Oklahoma 596
Minnesota 590
Ohio 587
South Dakota 577
Arkansas 576
Vermont 574
Montana 568
Washington 553
Alaska 550
Alabama 538
Georgia 535
Oregon 533
Maryland 527
Tennessee 525
Wisconsin 519
New Mexico 514
Kansas 513
Hawaii 500
North Carolina 500
Texas 500
Wyoming 500
Mississippi 495
Virginia 495
New Jersey 488
California 477
Colorado 450
Florida 449
Idaho 388
Nevada 375
Utah 375
Arizona 357
New Hampshire NA
Total Growth
State Percentage
Arizona 392
Nevada 369
Idaho 340
Utah 316
Florida 268
Colorado 263
Kansas 242
Oregon 239
California 238
Alabama 232
New Jersey 228
Virginia 223
Mississippi 223
North Carolina 221
Texas 218
New Mexico 209
Wisconsin 203
Maryland 196
Tennessee 196
Washington 191
Georgia 189
Alaska 173
Hawaii 171
Montana 168
Vermont 165
Arkansas 160
South Dakota 160
Ohio 153
Minnesota 152
Wyoming 152
Oklahoma 146
Maine 144
Iowa 144
Missouri 133
Kentucky 131
Rhode Island 131
Illinois 131
Indiana 129
Louisiana 126
Massachusetts 126
New York 112
West Virginia 106
Delaware 100
Nebraska 96
Michigan 95
Pennsylvania 82
North Dakota 63
Connecticut 62
South Carolina 14
District of Columbia 00
New Hampshire NA
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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 211
2000ndash2004 Wage Gain
State
M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004
District of Columbia $34410 $48370 406
New Jersey 35960 46010 279
New Mexico 29870 38030 273
South Carolina 27540 34960 269
Maryland 35960 44110 227
Colorado 30610 37410 222
Hawaii 31050 37730 215
Montana 24160 29300 213
Pennsylvania 30680 37040 207
Arkansas 24340 29370 207
Arizona 30500 36780 206
Washington 32270 38700 199
Delaware 34940 41720 194
Oklahoma 25130 29980 193
New York 31010 36970 192
Iowa 26490 31480 188
New Hampshire 31460 37400 189
Louisiana 25540 30360 189
Nebraska 26900 31860 184
Alabama 24210 28680 185
Virginia 29100 34430 183
Massachusetts 38090 44910 179
West Virginia 24220 28420 173
North Dakota 25770 30220 173
Kentucky 27500 32210 171
Wyoming 26810 31390 171
Florida 30110 35250 171
North Carolina 29650 34710 171
Georgia 26440 30920 169
Connecticut 41130 47860 164
Maine 28490 33140 163
Oregon 33330 38730 162
Vermont 28820 33410 159
South Dakota 24880 28720 154
Mississippi 23830 27500 154
California 36410 41920 151
Minnesota 30120 34660 151
Wisconsin 31520 36210 149
Illinois 30530 34980 146
Utah 28650 32710 142
Ohio 31640 36040 139
Missouri 27140 30910 139
Idaho 28130 32020 138
Michigan 32500 36920 136
Alaska 35500 40150 131
Nevada 34450 38820 127
Indiana 30730 34440 121
Tennessee 27660 30940 119
Texas 30740 34260 115
Rhode Island 38660 42730 105
Kansas 28810 31710 101
2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark
State2004
Annual Wage2004 State
Annual Wage
New Mexico $38030 $33000
Nevada 38820 34300
Rhode Island 42730 38240
Connecticut 47860 44400
South Carolina 34960 31940
New Jersey 46010 43040
Maryland 44110 41360
Delaware 41720 39050
Arizona 36780 34880
Oregon 38730 36980
Florida 35250 33750
Pennsylvania 37040 35970
Hawaii 37730 36750
Wisconsin 36210 35240
Indiana 34440 33820
North Carolina 34710 34120
Ohio 36040 35910
Kentucky 32210 32170
California 41920 41980
New Hampshire 37400 37450
Arkansas 29370 29560
Maine 33140 33480
South Dakota 28720 29080
Massachusetts 44910 45290
North Dakota 30220 30620
Iowa 31480 31990
Montana 29300 29880
Idaho 32020 32770
Louisiana 30360 31230
Texas 34260 35310
Wyoming 31390 32510
Mississippi 27500 28630
Oklahoma 29980 31150
Nebraska 31860 33060
Vermont 33410 34650
Utah 32710 34110
Tennessee 30940 32730
Alaska 40150 42170
West Virginia 28420 30470
Kansas 31710 33780
Washington 38700 40860
Colorado 37410 39820
Michigan 36920 39590
Alabama 28680 31940
Missouri 30910 34460
Illinois 34980 38580
Virginia 34430 39130
Georgia 30920 35840
Minnesota 34660 39840
New York 36970 43590
District of Columbia 48370 57980
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212 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential
Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th
Pennsylvania $25040 $52640 1102
New York 26410 50540 914
Illinois 24690 45600 847
Idaho 23050 41960 820
Texas 24690 44890 818
Utah 24200 43710 806
Kentucky 23990 43110 797
District of Columbia 36730 65930 795
Virginia 24930 44690 793
Missouri 23060 41310 791
Arizona 25590 45760 788
South Carolina 24410 43600 786
Georgia 23280 41360 777
Mississippi 20080 35670 776
Tennessee 23160 41140 776
Wyoming 23240 41080 768
Delaware 31220 54850 757
Indiana 25600 44930 755
New Jersey 34490 60530 755
Colorado 27500 48060 748
West Virginia 20710 36150 746
Arkansas 21810 38040 744
New Mexico 28420 49540 743
California 31530 54910 742
Maine 24600 42740 737
Florida 26040 45130 733
Maryland 33050 56690 715
Massachusetts 33520 57440 714
Nevada 27670 47030 700
Oklahoma 22710 38560 698
Rhode Island 32480 54950 692
Kansas 24390 41200 689
Nebraska 24440 41230 687
North Carolina 26210 44150 684
Alabama 21510 36190 682
Alaska 31020 51800 670
Louisiana 23240 38730 667
Iowa 24370 40110 646
Minnesota 26720 43820 640
Ohio 27640 45320 640
Vermont 26400 42310 603
Connecticut 37270 59720 602
Michigan 28650 45640 593
New Hampshire 29210 46460 591
Oregon 30170 47730 582
Wisconsin 28910 45440 572
North Dakota 24150 36970 531
Washington 30560 46640 526
South Dakota 23250 35410 523
Montana 23500 35670 518
Hawaii 30170 45490 508
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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 213
Per Capita (total population)
State Per 100000
South Dakota 998
North Dakota 790
Wisconsin 706
Minnesota 603
Iowa 598
Montana 572
West Virginia 563
Nebraska 561
Pennsylvania 534
Maine 524
Washington 501
Oregon 497
Idaho 482
Vermont 480
Kentucky 453
Michigan 447
Kansas 446
Missouri 437
Oklahoma 433
New Hampshire 413
New Mexico 404
Arkansas 399
Delaware 372
Tennessee 361
North Carolina 356
Virginia 354
Indiana 351
Louisiana 346
Ohio 346
Georgia 345
Alaska 343
New Jersey 326
Alabama 324
Rhode Island 315
Illinois 314
Florida 306
District of Columbia 301
Colorado 296
Connecticut 289
Mississippi 277
Massachusetts 268
Utah 267
Arizona 264
Wyoming 260
South Carolina 246
California 232
New York 227
Texas 205
Maryland 195
Nevada 161
Hawaii NA
Annual Openings Due to Replacements
State Percentage
Wyoming 800
District of Columbia 750
South Carolina 725
Nebraska 692
Pennsylvania 612
North Dakota 600
Rhode Island 600
Michigan 585
Louisiana 580
West Virginia 576
Oregon 560
Illinois 549
Massachusetts 548
Vermont 545
Iowa 538
California 536
New York 533
Ohio 533
Maryland 526
Connecticut 525
Oklahoma 517
Alaska 500
Delaware 500
Montana 500
Kentucky 493
Washington 479
Indiana 475
North Carolina 462
Colorado 457
New Jersey 455
Texas 444
Mississippi 441
Maine 433
Minnesota 427
Kansas 421
Tennessee 421
New Hampshire 417
Wisconsin 412
Nevada 400
Missouri 391
South Dakota 389
Alabama 385
Arkansas 385
Virginia 375
Georgia 373
New Mexico 367
Florida 352
Idaho 333
Arizona 314
Utah 250
Hawaii NA
Total Growth
State Percentage
Arizona 412
Utah 371
Idaho 370
Kansas 364
Nevada 343
Florida 342
Colorado 331
Georgia 315
Virginia 311
Arkansas 300
South Dakota 286
Missouri 270
Alabama 269
North Carolina 267
Wisconsin 266
Tennessee 263
New Hampshire 262
Maine 254
New Mexico 253
Oregon 251
Minnesota 247
Washington 240
Mississippi 240
Alaska 227
Texas 225
Massachusetts 221
New Jersey 214
Delaware 200
Montana 196
Iowa 194
Oklahoma 192
Indiana 190
Kentucky 186
Connecticut 180
Vermont 176
Maryland 175
Ohio 162
California 160
New York 159
Wyoming 154
Illinois 153
West Virginia 141
Michigan 131
Louisiana 129
North Dakota 126
Rhode Island 116
Pennsylvania 116
South Carolina 109
Nebraska 86
District of Columbia 59
Hawaii NA
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214 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
2000ndash2004 Wage Gain
State
M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004
Massachusetts $28400 $36850 298
Kansas 21240 27560 298
Colorado 26560 34440 297
Tennessee 22740 28310 245
Delaware 24830 30270 219
Nebraska 21200 25810 217
Louisiana 21340 25920 215
Idaho 23300 28030 203
Michigan 24970 29990 201
California 30670 36580 193
Iowa 22510 26780 190
Connecticut 29290 34780 187
Virginia 23900 28210 180
Wisconsin 25060 29410 174
Missouri 24160 28220 168
Maine 24950 29100 166
New York 27380 31860 164
Illinois 24310 28160 158
Kentucky 23400 26900 150
Arkansas 21740 24920 146
Rhode Island 27390 31160 138
West Virginia 20820 23680 137
North Dakota 21570 24500 136
Mississippi 21380 24180 131
New Jersey 30390 34370 131
Alaska 34090 38380 126
Georgia 24390 27300 119
Texas 25040 27940 116
District of Columbia 28910 32240 115
South Dakota 22580 25180 115
New Hampshire 27080 30180 114
Florida 24960 27780 113
Utah 24710 27350 107
Minnesota 27800 30560 99
Montana 23150 25400 97
Pennsylvania 24560 26860 94
Alabama 23290 25380 90
Vermont 25650 27890 87
Oregon 27510 29820 84
Washington 29950 32430 83
Arizona 27770 30050 82
Indiana 24920 26890 79
North Carolina 26300 28330 77
Ohio 25520 27410 74
Wyoming 22620 24210 70
South Carolina 26170 27850 64
New Mexico 24440 25890 59
Oklahoma 23370 23650 12
Maryland 33950 33960 00
Nevada 33400 32900 -15
Hawaii 33050 32050 -30
2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark
State2004
Annual Wage2004 State
Annual Wage
Nevada $32900 $34300
Alaska 38380 42170
South Dakota 25180 29080
South Carolina 27850 31940
Maine 29100 33480
Tennessee 28310 32730
Mississippi 24180 28630
Montana 25400 29880
Arkansas 24920 29560
Hawaii 32050 36750
Idaho 28030 32770
Arizona 30050 34880
Iowa 26780 31990
Kentucky 26900 32170
Louisiana 25920 31230
Colorado 34440 39820
California 36580 41980
North Carolina 28330 34120
Wisconsin 29410 35240
Florida 27780 33750
North Dakota 24500 30620
Kansas 27560 33780
Missouri 28220 34460
Alabama 25380 31940
Utah 27350 34110
Vermont 27890 34650
West Virginia 23680 30470
Indiana 26890 33820
Rhode Island 31160 38240
New Mexico 25890 33000
Oregon 29820 36980
Nebraska 25810 33060
New Hampshire 30180 37450
Texas 27940 35310
Maryland 33960 41360
Oklahoma 23650 31150
Wyoming 24210 32510
Washington 32430 40860
Massachusetts 36850 45290
Ohio 27410 35910
Georgia 27300 35840
New Jersey 34370 43040
Delaware 30270 39050
Pennsylvania 26860 35970
Minnesota 30560 39840
Michigan 29990 39590
Connecticut 34780 44400
Illinois 28160 38580
Virginia 28210 39130
New York 31860 43590
District of Columbia 32240 57980
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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 215
10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential
Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th
Oklahoma $14400 $33230 1308
Virginia 19060 42690 1240
Utah 16940 37850 1234
Colorado 24040 50010 1080
Maine 19940 41110 1062
South Carolina 17590 36120 1053
Texas 19220 38680 1012
Illinois 19520 38440 969
Tennessee 19810 38680 953
Massachusetts 25490 49680 949
Hawaii 22830 44030 929
California 24630 47280 920
New Jersey 23760 45410 911
Maryland 23650 44970 901
New York 22640 42980 898
Oregon 21050 39870 894
Missouri 19640 36990 883
Kansas 19640 36580 863
Florida 19320 35840 855
Georgia 19990 36360 819
Louisiana 18740 33990 814
District of Columbia 23910 43300 811
West Virginia 16900 30380 798
Kentucky 19300 34650 795
North Dakota 18290 32700 788
Washington 23830 42520 784
Montana 19000 33840 781
Mississippi 17880 31470 760
Iowa 19900 34780 748
New Mexico 19550 34080 743
Pennsylvania 20040 34820 738
Connecticut 25540 44190 730
New Hampshire 22730 39300 729
North Carolina 20940 36190 728
Nebraska 19550 33750 726
Indiana 20150 34420 708
South Dakota 19420 33000 699
Vermont 20490 34650 691
Michigan 22220 37530 689
Ohio 20780 34940 681
Arizona 22020 36760 669
Idaho 21630 35480 640
Wyoming 18270 29580 619
Rhode Island 24200 39100 616
Arkansas 18730 30170 611
Alabama 19620 31540 608
Delaware 24070 38250 589
Minnesota 23630 37540 589
Nevada 26060 41400 589
Wisconsin 23330 36090 547
Alaska 30960 45600 473
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216 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Per Capita (total population)
State Per 100000
Pennsylvania 492
Ohio 159
North Dakota 140
Massachusetts 131
New Jersey 117
Wisconsin 112
Oklahoma 97
Connecticut 90
New Hampshire 81
New York 80
Nevada 78
Missouri 76
South Carolina 76
Minnesota 72
Maine 72
Washington 69
North Carolina 67
Indiana 67
Virginia 63
Utah 60
Alabama 58
Colorado 58
Florida 58
Louisiana 56
Arkansas 55
Texas 55
Illinois 54
New Mexico 54
Montana 54
Nebraska 53
Maryland 52
Michigan 50
Hawaii 49
Tennessee 45
Oregon 43
District of Columbia 43
Mississippi 41
Arizona 39
California 37
West Virginia 37
Kansas 37
Idaho 35
Georgia 32
Delaware 25
Alaska NA
Iowa NA
Kentucky NA
Rhode Island NA
South Dakota NA
Vermont NA
Wyoming NA
Annual Openings Due to Replacements
State Percentage
Oregon 600
South Carolina 600
Montana 500
New Jersey 500
Tennessee 500
West Virginia 500
Massachusetts 481
Colorado 476
Indiana 450
Oklahoma 450
Kansas 429
Connecticut 400
Pennsylvania 353
Alabama 333
Idaho 333
New York 333
North Carolina 333
Wisconsin 333
Illinois 310
Michigan 261
Maine 250
Minnesota 250
Mississippi 250
Nebraska 250
North Dakota 250
Ohio 240
California 222
Arizona 214
Maryland 214
Texas 214
New Hampshire 200
Arkansas 182
Virginia 182
Florida 160
Missouri 150
Louisiana 100
Nevada 100
Washington 100
Georgia 00
Utah 00
Alaska NA
Delaware NA
District of Columbia NA
Hawaii NA
Iowa NA
Kentucky NA
New Mexico NA
Rhode Island NA
South Dakota NA
Vermont NA
Wyoming NA
Total Growth
State Percentage
Virginia 599
Arkansas 593
Utah 571
Arizona 548
California 538
Nevada 529
Delaware 500
Mississippi 487
North Carolina 464
Texas 458
Florida 438
Idaho 426
Alabama 423
Colorado 423
Georgia 407
Ohio 403
Kansas 400
Louisiana 400
Missouri 395
New Hampshire 379
Wisconsin 377
Maryland 368
Michigan 340
Hawaii 333
Minnesota 326
Oklahoma 324
Massachusetts 321
Maine 301
New Mexico 300
Illinois 296
North Dakota 292
Pennsylvania 287
Nebraska 283
Tennessee 269
Indiana 268
New York 240
Montana 224
West Virginia 224
Washington 214
Oregon 200
Connecticut 194
South Carolina 129
District of Columbia 00
New Jersey 00
Alaska NA
Iowa NA
Kentucky NA
Rhode Island NA
South Dakota NA
Vermont NA
Wyoming NA
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ssistants
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 217
2000ndash2004 Wage Gain
State
M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004
North Carolina $27950 $40480 448
Nebraska 23580 33010 400
Utah 30210 39840 319
Michigan 29970 39480 317
Maryland 31590 40660 287
Maine 28540 36710 286
Washington 31740 38910 226
Texas 34660 42100 215
California 38300 45730 194
Pennsylvania 32250 38010 179
Rhode Island 33990 40010 177
New Hampshire 32310 37890 173
New Mexico 29680 34620 166
Nevada 28270 32880 163
Kentucky 35140 40480 152
Kansas 33020 37950 149
West Virginia 35400 40530 145
Hawaii 31780 36090 136
Colorado 31760 36030 134
Oregon 34290 38880 134
Alabama 34910 39240 124
Mississippi 32430 36330 120
Virginia 35580 39710 116
Florida 38650 43120 116
Arkansas 31420 34940 112
New York 33010 36660 111
Oklahoma 34050 37790 110
Connecticut 38290 42170 101
South Carolina 35610 38820 90
Vermont 30770 33340 84
Montana 28670 30840 76
District of Columbia 33630 35720 62
Massachusetts 35840 38070 62
Ohio 37210 39530 62
Indiana 36480 38720 61
Wisconsin 32700 34650 60
Iowa 31550 33210 53
New Jersey 37640 39560 51
Arizona 34350 35820 43
Minnesota 33400 33940 16
North Dakota 29080 28920 -06
Missouri 37190 35740 -39
Wyoming 29840 28500 -45
Louisiana 40500 37930 -63
Georgia 36000 33380 -73
Tennessee 47540 43700 -81
Illinois 35070 31800 -93
Delaware 41470 NA NA
Idaho NA 41380 NA
South Dakota NA 27520 NA
2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark
State2004
Annual Wage2004 State
Annual Wage
Tennessee $43700 $32730
West Virginia 40530 30470
Florida 43120 33750
Idaho 41380 32770
Kentucky 40480 32170
Mississippi 36330 28630
Alabama 39240 31940
South Carolina 38820 31940
Texas 42100 35310
Louisiana 37930 31230
Oklahoma 37790 31150
North Carolina 40480 34120
Utah 39840 34110
Arkansas 34940 29560
Indiana 38720 33820
Kansas 37950 33780
California 45730 41980
Ohio 39530 35910
Maine 36710 33480
Pennsylvania 38010 35970
Oregon 38880 36980
Rhode Island 40010 38240
New Mexico 34620 33000
Missouri 35740 34460
Iowa 33210 31990
Montana 30840 29880
Arizona 35820 34880
Virginia 39710 39130
New Hampshire 37890 37450
Nebraska 33010 33060
Michigan 39480 39590
Wisconsin 34650 35240
Hawaii 36090 36750
Maryland 40660 41360
Vermont 33340 34650
Nevada 32880 34300
South Dakota 27520 29080
North Dakota 28920 30620
Washington 38910 40860
Connecticut 42170 44400
Georgia 33380 35840
New Jersey 39560 43040
Colorado 36030 39820
Wyoming 28500 32510
Minnesota 33940 39840
Illinois 31800 38580
New York 36660 43590
Massachusetts 38070 45290
District of Columbia 35720 57980
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ssistants
218 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential
Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th
Arizona $15840 $54180 2420
New Mexico 19650 61770 2144
California 22330 67660 2030
Arkansas 17920 53790 2002
Oklahoma 19050 56710 1977
Illinois 15950 47280 1964
Georgia 17300 50150 1899
Montana 16560 41520 1507
Texas 24540 58210 1372
North Carolina 24320 55500 1282
Wyoming 18660 41980 1250
Idaho 27350 59390 1171
Nevada 21330 45470 1132
Indiana 24790 52830 1131
New York 24650 51460 1088
Missouri 23470 47480 1023
Louisiana 23890 48210 1018
Pennsylvania 26260 51660 967
Maryland 29020 56640 952
Iowa 22960 44670 946
Tennessee 30240 58830 945
Connecticut 28100 54450 938
Virginia 28780 54970 910
Mississippi 24270 46080 899
Nebraska 23390 43990 881
Michigan 28880 53830 864
New Jersey 28670 52700 838
Massachusetts 27410 50230 833
Kentucky 29970 53770 794
Kansas 27880 49960 792
District of Columbia 26750 47890 790
West Virginia 30420 54060 777
New Hampshire 27760 48680 754
Ohio 30010 51870 728
Minnesota 25380 43500 714
Maine 28150 48040 707
Alabama 30280 51630 705
Florida 32660 54990 684
South Dakota 20640 34740 683
Utah 30490 50930 670
Colorado 26870 44620 661
Vermont 26150 42700 633
South Carolina 29210 47270 618
Wisconsin 27210 43730 607
North Dakota 23300 35570 527
Washington 30720 46420 511
Rhode Island 32030 47950 497
Hawaii 29780 43500 461
Oregon 31460 45510 447
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ssistants
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 219
Per Capita (total population)
State Per 100000
Illinois 342
Delaware 323
Wisconsin 316
Massachusetts 293
South Carolina 278
Connecticut 278
Tennessee 264
Ohio 262
Kentucky 254
Arizona 243
California 234
New Jersey 233
Nebraska 233
Pennsylvania 224
Iowa 223
South Dakota 218
Washington 218
Indiana 211
Kansas 210
Oklahoma 209
Louisiana 203
West Virginia 202
Texas 200
New Mexico 199
Michigan 182
Georgia 182
New York 177
New Hampshire 173
Hawaii 162
Alabama 154
Colorado 153
Florida 153
Arkansas 150
North Dakota 150
Maryland 147
District of Columbia 147
Virginia 145
Missouri 144
Utah 142
Mississippi 137
Minnesota 133
Nevada 129
Vermont 125
Wyoming 120
North Carolina 113
Idaho 109
Montana 80
Alaska 78
Maine 63
Rhode Island 25
Oregon NA
Annual Openings Due to Replacements
State Percentage
District of Columbia 1000
West Virginia 875
Massachusetts 704
Louisiana 700
Indiana 675
Arkansas 667
Maine 667
Missouri 667
New York 667
Illinois 635
Connecticut 633
Rhode Island 625
Michigan 618
Alabama 600
Maryland 600
Pennsylvania 588
Virginia 588
Kansas 577
Ohio 573
Tennessee 545
South Carolina 525
Minnesota 522
Washington 520
Florida 511
Georgia 500
Idaho 500
Iowa 500
Montana 500
Nebraska 500
New Jersey 500
North Carolina 500
North Dakota 500
Oklahoma 500
South Dakota 500
Texas 500
Utah 500
Wisconsin 500
Kentucky 475
Mississippi 467
California 455
Colorado 455
New Hampshire 444
Delaware 385
Nevada 350
Arizona 348
Vermont 333
Hawaii 00
Alaska NA
New Mexico NA
Oregon NA
Wyoming NA
Total Growth
State Percentage
Nevada 464
Colorado 420
Alaska 400
Arizona 336
Utah 333
Delaware 308
New Hampshire 244
Vermont 234
Idaho 226
California 220
Mississippi 214
North Carolina 213
Kentucky 206
New Jersey 200
Kansas 193
North Dakota 189
Washington 189
New Mexico 189
Texas 184
Nebraska 174
Alabama 174
Florida 173
Tennessee 170
South Carolina 167
Wisconsin 163
Georgia 161
South Dakota 157
Minnesota 155
Iowa 153
Montana 151
Ohio 137
Oklahoma 137
Virginia 132
Maryland 131
Pennsylvania 127
Missouri 122
Michigan 120
Arkansas 118
Connecticut 115
Rhode Island 111
Louisiana 110
Illinois 107
Massachusetts 106
Hawaii 100
Indiana 100
Maine 98
New York 86
West Virginia 41
Wyoming 00
District of Columbia 00
Oregon NA
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220 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
2000ndash2004 Wage Gain
State
M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004
Texas $16070 $21980 368
Idaho 17800 24320 366
Wyoming 17630 23200 316
Vermont 15210 19750 298
Illinois 19400 24300 253
District of Columbia 22660 28250 247
New Mexico 19550 23990 227
Arizona 19270 23430 216
Colorado 21260 25560 202
Utah 19110 22640 185
South Dakota 16350 19210 175
Missouri 18370 21470 169
Michigan 17080 19590 147
Connecticut 18520 21110 140
New Hampshire 16300 18530 137
Indiana 16610 18790 131
New Jersey 16820 18990 129
Montana 18680 20980 123
Maryland 17530 19600 118
Pennsylvania 15230 16970 114
Rhode Island 18220 20180 108
Kentucky 16650 18430 107
Georgia 16100 17800 106
Minnesota 19110 21130 106
Ohio 17080 18840 103
Maine 16440 18000 95
Louisiana 16070 17580 94
Arkansas 15560 16970 91
New York 19380 20870 77
Wisconsin 19540 20940 72
Nebraska 19290 20650 71
Nevada 22660 24120 64
Mississippi 16630 17690 64
Tennessee 18380 19530 63
Kansas 17150 18140 58
Oklahoma 16070 16770 44
Massachusetts 19500 20180 35
Alabama 14970 15400 29
Washington 21590 21990 19
Hawaii 19450 19700 13
Delaware 19050 19120 04
West Virginia 15100 14940 -11
Iowa 18280 18050 -13
Virginia 18370 17860 -28
California 23940 23050 -37
Florida 18600 17550 -56
North Dakota 18380 16730 -90
North Carolina 19550 17480 -106
South Carolina 17900 15740 -121
Alaska 23480 NA NA
Oregon 23820 NA NA
2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark
State2004
Annual Wage2004 State
Annual Wage
Idaho $24320 $32770
Montana 20980 29880
New Mexico 23990 33000
Wyoming 23200 32510
South Dakota 19210 29080
Nevada 24120 34300
Mississippi 17690 28630
Arizona 23430 34880
Utah 22640 34110
Nebraska 20650 33060
Arkansas 16970 29560
Missouri 21470 34460
Tennessee 19530 32730
Texas 21980 35310
Louisiana 17580 31230
Kentucky 18430 32170
North Dakota 16730 30620
Iowa 18050 31990
Colorado 25560 39820
Illinois 24300 38580
Wisconsin 20940 35240
Oklahoma 16770 31150
Vermont 19750 34650
Indiana 18790 33820
Maine 18000 33480
West Virginia 14940 30470
Kansas 18140 33780
South Carolina 15740 31940
Florida 17550 33750
Alabama 15400 31940
North Carolina 17480 34120
Hawaii 19700 36750
Ohio 18840 35910
Georgia 17800 35840
Rhode Island 20180 38240
Minnesota 21130 39840
Washington 21990 40860
California 23050 41980
New Hampshire 18530 37450
Pennsylvania 16970 35970
Delaware 19120 39050
Michigan 19590 39590
Virginia 17860 39130
Maryland 19600 41360
New York 20870 43590
Connecticut 21110 44400
New Jersey 18990 43040
Massachusetts 20180 45290
District of Columbia 28250 57980
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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 221
10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential
Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th
District of Columbia $13710 $46780 2412
New Mexico 13350 40290 2018
New York 12650 33250 1628
Missouri 12930 33560 1596
Iowa 11860 28020 1363
Maryland 13420 31160 1322
New Jersey 12280 28210 1297
Wisconsin 13350 29390 1201
Texas 14430 31680 1195
Pennsylvania 11870 25750 1169
Illinois 15440 33490 1169
Wyoming 15450 32840 1126
Utah 15660 33140 1116
Michigan 14030 28440 1027
Arizona 15380 30940 1012
Delaware 13800 27620 1001
Florida 12400 24580 982
Rhode Island 14980 29630 978
Tennessee 14050 27660 969
Ohio 13260 26060 965
California 16420 31940 945
Hawaii 13990 26960 927
Oklahoma 12070 23140 917
Connecticut 15680 29330 871
West Virginia 11440 21390 870
Alabama 11570 21460 855
Massachusetts 14970 27600 844
Colorado 18600 34190 838
Nevada 18150 33240 831
Nebraska 15050 27380 819
North Carolina 12720 23110 817
Montana 15510 27940 801
Minnesota 15450 27790 799
Idaho 18370 32940 793
Mississippi 13300 23660 779
Maine 14160 24840 754
South Carolina 12000 20930 744
Kansas 14370 24610 713
Arkansas 13410 22260 660
Washington 16890 27980 657
Indiana 14700 23820 620
Georgia 14280 22880 602
Vermont 15610 24950 598
Virginia 14200 22450 581
Kentucky 14550 22960 578
New Hampshire 14820 23070 557
Louisiana 14190 21990 550
North Dakota 14220 21000 477
South Dakota 15580 22700 457
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222 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Per Capita (total population)
State Per 100000
North Dakota 303
Arizona 274
Rhode Island 222
Kansas 199
Oklahoma 198
West Virginia 191
Nevada 189
Connecticut 173
New Mexico 172
New Jersey 163
South Dakota 163
Washington 162
Nebraska 155
Maryland 153
Iowa 152
Wisconsin 151
Idaho 150
Delaware 149
Hawaii 146
Texas 143
Arkansas 142
Kentucky 140
Pennsylvania 138
Indiana 135
New York 135
Virginia 126
Louisiana 123
California 120
Colorado 116
Massachusetts 115
Missouri 114
Michigan 109
Illinois 108
Maine 104
Alabama 98
Montana 97
Mississippi 97
Tennessee 95
Ohio 95
Oregon 94
North Carolina 89
Florida 89
Georgia 88
Minnesota 85
New Hampshire 76
District of Columbia 62
Alaska 55
Utah 30
South Carolina NA
Vermont NA
Wyoming NA
Annual Openings Due to Replacements
State Percentage
District of Columbia 1000
Rhode Island 800
Oregon 550
Washington 500
Colorado 458
Nebraska 455
Massachusetts 440
New Hampshire 400
Pennsylvania 380
Indiana 375
North Dakota 375
Illinois 371
Connecticut 367
Michigan 353
Minnesota 350
Kansas 348
Georgia 340
Missouri 333
Montana 333
Tennessee 333
Ohio 316
West Virginia 316
Louisiana 300
Maine 286
New York 286
South Dakota 286
Maryland 280
Kentucky 278
Mississippi 278
Nevada 267
Oklahoma 267
Alabama 250
Delaware 250
Iowa 250
Texas 244
Arkansas 222
Florida 222
New Jersey 222
Virginia 217
California 212
Arizona 207
New Mexico 200
North Carolina 200
Wisconsin 200
Idaho 176
Utah 00
Alaska NA
Hawaii NA
South Carolina NA
Vermont NA
Wyoming NA
Total Growth
State Percentage
Idaho 668
Arizona 647
California 619
Virginia 590
Utah 571
Kansas 556
Nevada 537
Arkansas 522
Colorado 500
Delaware 500
New Jersey 500
New Mexico 500
Texas 500
Alaska 486
Florida 473
Mississippi 473
Wisconsin 463
Kentucky 449
North Carolina 446
Hawaii 444
Georgia 440
Maryland 428
Montana 420
Tennessee 418
Maine 400
South Dakota 387
New York 384
Louisiana 382
Massachusetts 378
West Virginia 377
Alabama 364
Ohio 361
Iowa 337
New Hampshire 330
Oklahoma 319
Connecticut 317
Missouri 308
Michigan 303
Indiana 301
Minnesota 296
Pennsylvania 288
Illinois 287
North Dakota 271
Oregon 242
Nebraska 231
Washington 204
District of Columbia 57
Rhode Island 51
South Carolina NA
Vermont NA
Wyoming NA
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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 223
2000ndash2004 Wage Gain
State
M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004
Delaware $19290 $28020 453
Montana 17050 23710 391
Texas 18550 25800 391
Virginia 17810 22100 241
Illinois 21240 26020 225
Nevada 18900 22930 213
Minnesota 21760 26030 196
Colorado 20640 24420 183
West Virginia 17770 20760 168
Wisconsin 20180 23560 167
California 22500 26280 168
Arkansas 16140 18530 148
Nebraska 16900 19340 144
Oklahoma 17470 19950 142
Idaho 16800 19160 140
Wyoming 17070 19420 138
Maine 20210 22990 138
New Hampshire 22560 25520 131
Oregon 20220 22780 127
Vermont 21170 23700 120
Georgia 18050 20200 119
New Jersey 20460 22810 115
Washington 20860 23170 111
Michigan 22860 25310 107
Alabama 17210 18980 103
Louisiana 16300 17910 99
Kentucky 19620 21530 97
Arizona 19320 21080 91
Iowa 20070 21820 87
South Dakota 17910 19450 86
Connecticut 24230 26260 84
North Dakota 19350 20850 78
Utah 17860 19170 73
Pennsylvania 21090 22580 71
New York 23820 25470 69
Kansas 19290 20580 67
North Carolina 21150 22380 58
Maryland 20610 21460 41
Tennessee 19040 19750 37
Massachusetts 25510 26000 19
Mississippi 19120 19430 16
Missouri 20990 21100 05
New Mexico 21650 21740 04
Ohio 22720 22750 01
Florida 21280 20880 -19
Hawaii 25550 25070 -19
Indiana 24630 22150 -101
South Carolina 27140 20100 -259
Rhode Island 32620 21430 -343
Alaska 25310 NA NA
District of Columbia 22240 NA NA
2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark
State2004
Annual Wage2004 State
Annual Wage
Montana $23710 $29880
Mississippi 19430 28630
Texas 25800 35310
South Dakota 19450 29080
West Virginia 20760 30470
North Dakota 20850 30620
Iowa 21820 31990
Maine 22990 33480
Kentucky 21530 32170
Vermont 23700 34650
Delaware 28020 39050
Arkansas 18530 29560
Oklahoma 19950 31150
New Mexico 21740 33000
Nevada 22930 34300
Indiana 22150 33820
Wisconsin 23560 35240
Hawaii 25070 36750
North Carolina 22380 34120
South Carolina 20100 31940
New Hampshire 25520 37450
Illinois 26020 38580
Florida 20880 33750
Alabama 18980 31940
Tennessee 19750 32730
Wyoming 19420 32510
Ohio 22750 35910
Kansas 20580 33780
Louisiana 17910 31230
Missouri 21100 34460
Pennsylvania 22580 35970
Idaho 19160 32770
Nebraska 19340 33060
Minnesota 26030 39840
Arizona 21080 34880
Oregon 22780 36980
Michigan 25310 39590
Utah 19170 34110
Colorado 24420 39820
Georgia 20200 35840
California 26280 41980
Rhode Island 21430 38240
Virginia 22100 39130
Washington 23170 40860
Connecticut 26260 44400
New York 25470 43590
Massachusetts 26000 45290
Maryland 21460 41360
New Jersey 22810 43040
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224 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential
Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th
Texas $14530 $57490 2957
Illinois 15730 39350 1502
California 17030 41810 1455
Delaware 18890 41990 1223
Colorado 15300 33920 1217
Montana 15600 33410 1142
New Hampshire 16150 34540 1139
Arizona 13680 28350 1072
Mississippi 14420 29470 1044
Idaho 12990 26480 1038
Georgia 13650 27630 1024
Hawaii 17400 34670 993
Oklahoma 14730 29260 986
Kentucky 14250 28140 975
West Virginia 14780 29090 968
Nevada 16450 32150 954
New York 17770 34610 948
Maryland 15290 29690 942
Massachusetts 18790 36080 920
Missouri 15140 28980 914
Pennsylvania 15870 30160 900
Minnesota 18740 35490 894
Ohio 16090 29720 847
Wyoming 14290 26390 847
Michigan 18460 34010 842
Nebraska 14060 25840 838
New Mexico 15950 28930 814
Alabama 14380 26050 812
North Carolina 15780 28580 811
Maine 17850 32250 807
Connecticut 19240 34540 795
Louisiana 13340 23890 791
Rhode Island 15420 27590 789
New Jersey 16670 29820 789
Indiana 15910 28440 788
Florida 15380 27310 776
Kansas 15220 26860 765
Vermont 17450 30720 760
South Carolina 15190 26560 749
Washington 17090 29640 734
Virginia 16410 28380 729
Tennessee 14660 24970 703
Iowa 16390 27800 696
North Dakota 15870 26680 681
South Dakota 14940 25010 674
Wisconsin 17640 29170 654
Oregon 17540 28480 624
Utah 15120 24470 618
Arkansas 14420 22600 567
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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 225
Total Growth
State Percentage
Arizona 640
Idaho 635
Arkansas 610
Wyoming 600
Utah 583
Virginia 561
Nevada 544
California 538
New Mexico 526
Kansas 519
Maine 514
Mississippi 503
Colorado 500
Montana 485
Texas 485
North Carolina 477
Georgia 464
Florida 463
New Hampshire 453
Tennessee 435
Wisconsin 427
Maryland 419
West Virginia 406
Alaska 400
Louisiana 400
New Jersey 400
Kentucky 397
South Dakota 390
Delaware 389
Ohio 381
Vermont 381
Missouri 377
Hawaii 375
Minnesota 374
Iowa 371
Massachusetts 366
Alabama 360
Rhode Island 355
New York 346
Michigan 333
Illinois 333
Indiana 315
Nebraska 306
North Dakota 306
Pennsylvania 289
Oklahoma 275
Oregon 265
Connecticut 255
Washington 217
South Carolina 214
District of Columbia 143
Per Capita (total population)
State Per 100000
Tennessee 318
Ohio 313
South Dakota 263
Massachusetts 256
Arizona 252
South Carolina 251
West Virginia 244
Maine 244
Wisconsin 241
New Hampshire 241
Oklahoma 229
Missouri 229
Delaware 223
Kentucky 213
Iowa 211
Rhode Island 203
Alabama 199
Michigan 194
Pennsylvania 194
Illinois 193
Florida 193
Kansas 192
New York 184
Arkansas 184
North Carolina 182
Indiana 180
Washington 175
Virginia 169
Minnesota 168
Connecticut 159
Mississippi 157
Texas 152
Nevada 152
Colorado 151
Nebraska 148
Montana 147
Georgia 146
Oregon 139
Hawaii 130
Idaho 124
District of Columbia 124
Louisiana 123
New Jersey 117
North Dakota 114
California 111
Utah 103
New Mexico 102
Vermont 102
Wyoming 100
Maryland 96
Alaska 78
Annual Openings Due to Replacements
State Percentage
Oregon 567
District of Columbia 500
Colorado 460
Oklahoma 450
South Carolina 450
Massachusetts 444
Washington 425
Pennsylvania 367
Kansas 357
Michigan 337
Illinois 336
Alabama 333
Nebraska 333
New Jersey 333
New York 333
North Dakota 333
Vermont 333
Ohio 306
Minnesota 304
Connecticut 300
Indiana 300
Kentucky 300
Missouri 300
North Carolina 300
Iowa 286
West Virginia 280
Georgia 275
Delaware 273
Rhode Island 273
South Dakota 273
Tennessee 273
Louisiana 267
New Hampshire 263
Nevada 261
Maryland 258
Mississippi 258
Texas 256
Florida 255
California 250
Wisconsin 250
Maine 238
Virginia 236
Idaho 231
Montana 222
Arizona 209
Arkansas 205
Utah 00
Alaska NA
Hawaii NA
New Mexico NA
Wyoming NA
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226 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
2000ndash2004 Wage Gain
State
M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004
Louisiana $24770 $39540 596
Nebraska 26150 36640 401
Maryland 29800 41560 395
Idaho 27170 37190 369
Nevada 34190 42870 254
Kentucky 30330 37960 252
Vermont 28150 34910 240
Oklahoma 31650 39050 234
Iowa 26850 32860 224
West Virginia 27580 33300 207
Delaware 31880 38360 203
Indiana 33940 40490 193
Kansas 30670 36530 191
Illinois 32060 38150 190
Washington 32710 38580 179
Tennessee 33130 38770 170
Utah 29860 34920 169
Arizona 28400 32690 151
New Jersey 34950 40200 150
Massachusetts 35220 40490 150
Wisconsin 31850 36330 141
Arkansas 32590 37170 141
New Hampshire 34390 38910 131
Colorado 29930 33860 131
Pennsylvania 30340 34280 130
Rhode Island 34670 39030 126
South Dakota 23810 26760 124
Maine 33290 37220 118
Oregon 34920 38890 114
District of Columbia 32960 36690 113
Alaska 30770 33950 103
Alabama 35870 39300 96
Wyoming 30320 33010 89
Connecticut 33640 36520 86
Michigan 32120 34780 83
Texas 38300 41390 81
Mississippi 30410 32820 79
Florida 37410 39940 68
Virginia 36550 38910 65
North Carolina 37140 39480 63
California 40860 42960 51
Montana 29400 30810 48
North Dakota 24940 26090 46
New York 35800 37160 38
South Carolina 37330 38530 32
Ohio 37450 38290 22
Missouri 35000 35600 17
New Mexico 31540 32060 16
Minnesota 33620 33570 -01
Hawaii 33370 33030 -10
Georgia 38780 37740 -27
2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark
State2004
Annual Wage2004 State
Annual Wage
Nevada $42870 $34300
Louisiana 39540 31230
Oklahoma 39050 31150
Arkansas 37170 29560
Alabama 39300 31940
Indiana 40490 33820
South Carolina 38530 31940
Florida 39940 33750
Texas 41390 35310
Tennessee 38770 32730
Kentucky 37960 32170
North Carolina 39480 34120
Idaho 37190 32770
Mississippi 32820 28630
Maine 37220 33480
Nebraska 36640 33060
West Virginia 33300 30470
Kansas 36530 33780
Ohio 38290 35910
Georgia 37740 35840
Oregon 38890 36980
New Hampshire 38910 37450
Missouri 35600 34460
Wisconsin 36330 35240
California 42960 41980
Montana 30810 29880
Iowa 32860 31990
Utah 34920 34110
Rhode Island 39030 38240
Wyoming 33010 32510
Vermont 34910 34650
Maryland 41560 41360
Virginia 38910 39130
Illinois 38150 38580
Delaware 38360 39050
New Mexico 32060 33000
Pennsylvania 34280 35970
Arizona 32690 34880
Washington 38580 40860
South Dakota 26760 29080
New Jersey 40200 43040
Hawaii 33030 36750
North Dakota 26090 30620
Massachusetts 40490 45290
Michigan 34780 39590
Colorado 33860 39820
Minnesota 33570 39840
New York 37160 43590
Connecticut 36520 44400
Alaska 33950 42170
District of Columbia 36690 57980
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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 227
10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential
Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th
Mississippi $16630 $51450 2094
Louisiana 19800 55770 1817
Idaho 19550 54270 1776
California 21760 60020 1758
New Mexico 16950 45330 1674
West Virginia 17290 46080 1665
Texas 22580 57590 1550
Maryland 23050 57450 1492
Oklahoma 24020 59040 1458
Wyoming 18510 44120 1384
Virginia 22700 53530 1358
Connecticut 21780 51200 1351
Arizona 19460 45250 1325
Delaware 23130 53740 1323
Georgia 22790 52790 1316
North Dakota 15580 35650 1288
New York 23570 53390 1265
Illinois 24630 54250 1203
Nebraska 22770 50080 1199
Nevada 26080 56250 1157
Arkansas 24520 51590 1104
Kentucky 24910 51860 1082
Iowa 21240 44140 1078
Montana 19990 41340 1068
Florida 26170 53600 1048
South Carolina 25750 51980 1019
Michigan 22210 44510 1004
Missouri 23460 46690 990
Tennessee 26510 52730 989
New Jersey 26970 53390 980
Pennsylvania 23090 44850 942
Hawaii 22900 43610 904
Alabama 28970 52030 796
Alaska 24640 43880 781
Colorado 24510 43620 780
North Carolina 29210 51780 773
Minnesota 24640 43400 761
Kansas 26210 46130 760
Massachusetts 30240 53160 758
Utah 25250 44260 753
Indiana 30280 52440 732
Ohio 29280 50000 708
South Dakota 20720 34130 647
Washington 29710 48650 637
Wisconsin 27220 44550 637
District of Columbia 28800 46660 620
Vermont 27400 43480 587
New Hampshire 29840 47300 585
Oregon 29420 45500 547
Maine 29360 45360 545
Rhode Island 30150 45930 523
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228 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Per Capita (total population)
State Per 100000
North Dakota 295
Connecticut 254
District of Columbia 253
Massachusetts 184
Nebraska 167
Minnesota 161
Mississippi 149
Kansas 147
Pennsylvania 147
Iowa 143
Maine 143
New York 138
Delaware 136
New Hampshire 135
Wisconsin 134
Montana 128
Utah 125
Illinois 120
Missouri 120
Louisiana 118
Oklahoma 109
Ohio 109
Vermont 104
Indiana 97
New Jersey 93
South Dakota 82
Maryland 79
West Virginia 78
Georgia 77
New Mexico 75
Idaho 75
Michigan 75
Arizona 72
Colorado 69
North Carolina 63
Arkansas 50
Kentucky 48
Oregon 48
Virginia 46
Alaska 44
Washington 43
Florida 41
Alabama 40
Tennessee 40
Texas 35
California 31
Hawaii NA
Nevada NA
Rhode Island NA
South Carolina NA
Wyoming NA
Annual Openings Due to Replacements
State Percentage
Louisiana 1000
District of Columbia 1000
Michigan 1000
New Jersey 1000
North Dakota 1000
South Dakota 1000
Tennessee 1000
Massachusetts 968
Minnesota 950
Missouri 950
Ohio 938
Indiana 900
Virginia 889
Connecticut 867
New York 857
Georgia 850
Pennsylvania 833
Oklahoma 800
Maryland 786
Illinois 783
Nebraska 778
Kansas 769
California 750
Delaware 750
Texas 750
West Virginia 750
Kentucky 714
Oregon 700
Maine 667
Mississippi 667
New Hampshire 667
Vermont 667
Wisconsin 667
Florida 650
Arkansas 600
Montana 600
Washington 600
Alabama 500
North Carolina 500
Utah 500
Colorado 438
Arizona 409
Idaho 400
Iowa 00
Alaska NA
Hawaii NA
Nevada NA
New Mexico NA
Rhode Island NA
South Carolina NA
Wyoming NA
Total Growth
State Percentage
Arizona 312
Colorado 290
Utah 276
Idaho 218
New Mexico 214
Oregon 176
Alabama 167
Montana 162
Washington 154
Alaska 143
Arkansas 125
New Hampshire 116
Mississippi 110
Florida 101
North Carolina 96
Wisconsin 96
Maine 92
California 91
Oklahoma 79
Vermont 78
Kentucky 76
Kansas 75
Maryland 70
Illinois 67
Texas 67
South Dakota 65
Nebraska 56
Pennsylvania 50
Iowa 48
Connecticut 45
Georgia 45
Tennessee 43
New York 38
Indiana 33
Virginia 21
Ohio 16
Missouri 15
West Virginia 14
Massachusetts 08
Minnesota 05
Delaware 00
New Jersey 00
District of Columbia 00
Michigan 00
North Dakota 00
Louisiana 00
Hawaii NA
Nevada NA
Rhode Island NA
South Carolina NA
Wyoming NA
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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 229
2000ndash2004 Wage Gain
State
M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004
Wyoming $23000 $38410 670
New Hampshire 25630 37190 451
Vermont 31300 44910 435
Illinois 24070 32350 344
Colorado 25450 34160 342
Iowa 24020 31910 328
Louisiana 24540 32580 328
Texas 25040 32730 307
Maine 24510 31960 304
Kentucky 24940 31990 283
Arkansas 23400 29880 277
Montana 21900 27940 276
Indiana 23960 30330 266
California 34390 41850 217
Pennsylvania 28040 33900 209
Missouri 27050 32520 202
Florida 29750 35590 196
Wisconsin 26790 31920 191
Connecticut 34640 41210 190
Idaho 29940 35630 190
Minnesota 32640 38790 188
Hawaii 35750 42430 187
South Dakota 29370 34770 184
Nebraska 23000 27230 184
Maryland 31530 37280 182
New Jersey 32730 38580 179
Tennessee 27090 31810 174
Nevada 27610 32140 164
Ohio 30110 34820 156
Virginia 28040 32030 142
Michigan 31780 36110 136
Washington 38630 43820 134
New York 36660 41320 127
Delaware 29630 33260 123
Massachusetts 28920 32230 114
North Carolina 28850 31900 106
Utah 27250 30080 104
West Virginia 24460 26580 87
Alabama 27820 30240 87
Georgia 30310 32580 75
Arizona 28580 30260 59
Mississippi 25800 27230 55
Oregon 33070 34710 50
Kansas 28200 29380 42
Oklahoma 30080 30530 15
North Dakota 28210 28370 06
South Carolina 27570 26010 -57
Rhode Island 35540 33140 -68
New Mexico 32990 28540 -135
Alaska 36740 NA NA
District of Columbia NA 41830 NA
2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark
State2004
Annual Wage2004 State
Annual Wage
Vermont $44910 $34650
Wyoming 38410 32510
South Dakota 34770 29080
Hawaii 42430 36750
Washington 43820 40860
Idaho 35630 32770
Florida 35590 33750
Louisiana 32580 31230
Arkansas 29880 29560
Iowa 31910 31990
California 41850 41980
Kentucky 31990 32170
New Hampshire 37190 37450
Oklahoma 30530 31150
Tennessee 31810 32730
Minnesota 38790 39840
Ohio 34820 35910
Mississippi 27230 28630
Maine 31960 33480
Alabama 30240 31940
Missouri 32520 34460
Montana 27940 29880
Pennsylvania 33900 35970
Nevada 32140 34300
North Carolina 31900 34120
North Dakota 28370 30620
New York 41320 43590
Oregon 34710 36980
Texas 32730 35310
Connecticut 41210 44400
Georgia 32580 35840
Wisconsin 31920 35240
Michigan 36110 39590
Indiana 30330 33820
West Virginia 26580 30470
Utah 30080 34110
Maryland 37280 41360
Kansas 29380 33780
New Jersey 38580 43040
New Mexico 28540 33000
Arizona 30260 34880
Rhode Island 33140 38240
Colorado 34160 39820
Delaware 33260 39050
Nebraska 27230 33060
South Carolina 26010 31940
Illinois 32350 38580
Virginia 32030 39130
Massachusetts 32230 45290
District of Columbia 41830 57980
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230 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential
Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th
Illinois $16200 $52670 2251
Montana 13510 43180 2196
Oklahoma 17070 49590 1905
Pennsylvania 19580 53350 1725
Texas 19350 52410 1709
Kansas 16530 44450 1689
New Mexico 16520 43520 1634
Iowa 19630 51640 1631
New Jersey 21190 55570 1622
Virginia 19120 49990 1615
California 22640 58820 1598
Arizona 16910 43760 1588
Colorado 20050 51370 1562
Oregon 20860 53000 1541
West Virginia 16040 40070 1498
Connecticut 26740 66300 1479
Michigan 21050 52090 1475
Rhode Island 20660 50960 1467
Idaho 20530 50500 1460
Maryland 22280 53780 1414
Nebraska 16330 39130 1396
District of Columbia 25240 60250 1387
North Dakota 16990 40460 1381
Wisconsin 19760 46880 1372
Indiana 19400 45900 1366
Massachusetts 20330 47370 1330
Florida 21620 50370 1330
Louisiana 20200 47050 1329
Arkansas 19300 44570 1309
Alabama 19300 43710 1265
Tennessee 20190 45670 1262
Utah 19090 42280 1215
South Carolina 17000 37600 1212
Missouri 20330 44060 1167
Washington 26780 57160 1134
South Dakota 24230 50830 1098
Vermont 30350 63210 1083
New York 27270 56320 1065
Minnesota 27620 53550 939
Georgia 23190 44760 930
Maine 22270 42870 925
Hawaii 30330 57670 901
Ohio 24760 46650 884
North Carolina 23060 43240 875
Nevada 23760 43340 824
Kentucky 23980 43730 824
Delaware 24160 43920 818
Wyoming 29010 52220 800
Mississippi 21070 35400 680
New Hampshire 29350 45390 547
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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 231
Total Growth
State Percentage
Maryland 550
Nevada 462
Arizona 451
Tennessee 439
Utah 430
New Hampshire 418
New Mexico 407
Minnesota 390
New Jersey 386
South Dakota 379
Maine 358
Wyoming 357
Indiana 343
Idaho 336
Wisconsin 331
Virginia 331
Georgia 328
Oklahoma 319
Alaska 314
Montana 312
North Carolina 291
Hawaii 290
Kentucky 260
Iowa 260
Rhode Island 258
Colorado 250
New York 248
Illinois 231
Pennsylvania 221
Florida 212
Vermont 210
Alabama 204
Oregon 202
Delaware 200
Texas 191
Connecticut 172
Washington 162
California 158
South Carolina 155
West Virginia 149
Missouri 132
Arkansas 130
Massachusetts 127
Nebraska 121
Kansas 108
Louisiana 107
District of Columbia 100
Mississippi 90
Michigan 86
Ohio 76
North Dakota 06
Annual Openings Due to Replacements
State Percentage
North Dakota 923
Ohio 750
District of Columbia 714
Michigan 714
Mississippi 714
Louisiana 700
Nebraska 667
Kansas 652
Missouri 646
Arkansas 636
Massachusetts 616
South Carolina 610
Wyoming 600
Washington 598
California 595
Connecticut 575
West Virginia 571
Texas 541
Vermont 529
Florida 526
Delaware 524
Alabama 500
Hawaii 500
Oregon 500
Pennsylvania 500
Illinois 498
New York 477
Kentucky 472
Iowa 471
Rhode Island 457
Alaska 450
Colorado 446
North Carolina 433
Montana 429
Oklahoma 418
Georgia 414
Virginia 411
Idaho 407
Indiana 400
Nevada 400
New Mexico 400
South Dakota 400
Utah 400
Wisconsin 400
Maine 386
New Jersey 372
Minnesota 372
New Hampshire 349
Arizona 333
Tennessee 308
Maryland 295
Per Capita (total population)
State Per 100000
Washington 1625
Connecticut 1142
District of Columbia 1128
Maine 925
Oklahoma 889
North Dakota 843
New Jersey 816
Kansas 781
Idaho 710
North Carolina 695
Massachusetts 686
Rhode Island 681
Maryland 674
Vermont 649
New Mexico 636
Delaware 620
Missouri 614
South Carolina 614
Iowa 610
Alaska 546
Virginia 538
New Hampshire 528
Wisconsin 517
Nebraska 492
Oregon 491
New York 481
Minnesota 476
Florida 415
Illinois 403
Indiana 398
Utah 341
Colorado 320
South Dakota 320
West Virginia 301
Montana 289
Wyoming 280
California 272
Ohio 252
Hawaii 251
Arizona 243
Mississippi 229
Arkansas 227
Pennsylvania 220
Alabama 219
Texas 205
Michigan 197
Louisiana 188
Kentucky 180
Tennessee 169
Georgia 143
Nevada 60
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232 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
2000ndash2004 Wage Gain
State
M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004
Hawaii $32290 $51550 596
New Mexico 17410 27370 572
Wisconsin 23120 34920 510
North Dakota 22940 34560 507
Delaware 24020 33340 388
Vermont 28810 39750 380
North Carolina 22940 30360 323
Minnesota 27260 35480 302
Colorado 25360 32930 299
Maryland 21430 27800 297
Montana 22960 29440 282
Massachusetts 27450 34450 255
Wyoming 23340 28530 222
Nebraska 24380 29700 218
Utah 25240 30680 216
Illinois 27430 32640 190
District of Columbia 33410 39670 187
Ohio 32090 37960 183
Georgia 29710 35070 180
New Jersey 23870 28080 176
Maine 22160 25960 171
California 29400 34320 167
Tennessee 21560 25150 167
Kansas 21320 24880 167
Virginia 26290 30300 153
Idaho 27490 31660 152
Oklahoma 17890 20410 141
New Hampshire 24320 27720 140
Alabama 26750 30500 140
Louisiana 27530 31250 135
Kentucky 27200 30850 134
Pennsylvania 25960 29270 128
Arkansas 30030 33820 126
Missouri 27210 30020 103
South Carolina 25870 28480 101
Iowa 25420 27700 90
Indiana 26150 28020 72
Alaska 31110 33280 70
South Dakota 31740 33920 69
Texas 28490 29840 47
Florida 27220 28270 39
Michigan 40300 41740 36
Arizona 27260 28180 34
Washington 31340 31630 09
West Virginia 29080 29310 08
Oregon 26080 25770 -12
Connecticut 35430 33880 -44
New York 30690 27590 -101
Nevada 31840 28550 -103
Rhode Island 39580 33590 -151
Mississippi 51360 33770 -342
2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark
State2004
Annual Wage2004 State
Annual Wage
Hawaii $51550 $36750
Mississippi 33770 28630
Vermont 39750 34650
South Dakota 33920 29080
Arkansas 33820 29560
North Dakota 34560 30620
Michigan 41740 39590
Ohio 37960 35910
Louisiana 31250 31230
Wisconsin 34920 35240
Montana 29440 29880
Georgia 35070 35840
Idaho 31660 32770
West Virginia 29310 30470
Kentucky 30850 32170
Alabama 30500 31940
Nebraska 29700 33060
Utah 30680 34110
South Carolina 28480 31940
North Carolina 30360 34120
Wyoming 28530 32510
Iowa 27700 31990
Minnesota 35480 39840
Missouri 30020 34460
Rhode Island 33590 38240
Texas 29840 35310
Florida 28270 33750
New Mexico 27370 33000
Delaware 33340 39050
Nevada 28550 34300
Indiana 28020 33820
Illinois 32640 38580
Arizona 28180 34880
Pennsylvania 29270 35970
Colorado 32930 39820
Maine 25960 33480
Tennessee 25150 32730
California 34320 41980
Virginia 30300 39130
Alaska 33280 42170
Kansas 24880 33780
Washington 31630 40860
New Hampshire 27720 37450
Connecticut 33880 44400
Oklahoma 20410 31150
Massachusetts 34450 45290
Oregon 25770 36980
Maryland 27800 41360
New Jersey 28080 43040
New York 27590 43590
District of Columbia 39670 57980
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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 233
10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential
Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th
Hawaii $24900 $92840 2729
Michigan 13550 50220 2706
Vermont 15660 49180 2140
District of Columbia 18890 59210 2134
Ohio 16280 48630 1987
Minnesota 19150 55180 1881
Georgia 19430 55900 1877
Wisconsin 19570 55600 1841
North Dakota 21750 60600 1786
Massachusetts 23410 64180 1742
California 18650 50750 1721
South Dakota 19990 53860 1694
Connecticut 16700 44810 1683
Arkansas 21090 56520 1680
Mississippi 18790 49530 1636
Rhode Island 17100 43770 1560
Delaware 20360 51750 1542
Alaska 16650 41860 1514
Colorado 17610 43850 1490
Illinois 22640 56010 1474
Idaho 19780 48870 1471
Washington 21600 53290 1467
Louisiana 15860 38830 1448
Kentucky 16510 40000 1423
Utah 18350 44300 1414
Alabama 17310 41780 1414
North Carolina 18800 45130 1401
Virginia 18030 43180 1395
Missouri 24510 58490 1386
Texas 18310 43420 1371
Nebraska 18300 43340 1368
Montana 15070 35640 1365
West Virginia 18990 44150 1325
Pennsylvania 18610 42650 1292
Nevada 18070 41020 1270
Wyoming 18520 41890 1262
South Carolina 19480 43880 1253
Florida 23400 52560 1246
Arizona 13500 29870 1213
New Jersey 19030 42000 1207
Indiana 23200 49840 1148
Maryland 20170 42920 1128
New Hampshire 19470 41060 1109
Iowa 20530 41800 1036
New York 19200 38650 1013
New Mexico 23390 46990 1009
Maine 24600 48950 990
Oregon 23650 44460 880
Tennessee 20130 37300 853
Kansas 30990 52620 698
Oklahoma 27620 43900 589
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ccup
atio
nal R
ole
s | R
ehabilita
tion C
ounse
lors
234 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Appendix C
Bibliography
Adams P Brauer R Karas B Bresnahan T and Murphy H ldquoProfessional Certification Its Value to SHampE Practitioners and the Professionrdquo Professional Safety December 2004 httpwwwasseorg
Addiction Technology Transfer Center Network ldquoATTC Tackles Treatment Workforce Issuesrdquo ATTC Networker 4(3) Winter 2002
Alabama Department of Industrial Relations httpwww2dirstatealus
Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Development httpalmislaborstateakus
All Allied Health Schools Directory ldquoPhysical Therapy Assistantsrdquo httpallalliedhealthschoolscom Accessed April 4 2006
American Labor Market Information System State Projections httpwwwprojectionscentralcom
American Association of Medical Assistants httpwwwaama-intlorg
American Association of Medical Assistants ldquoWhy More Employers are Hiring CMArsquosrdquo httpwwwaama-intlorg Accessed April 3 2006
American Association for Respiratory Care ldquoRespiratory Therapist Human Resources Studymdash2005rdquo httpwwwaarcorg
American Dental Assistants Association ldquoAddressing a uniform national model for the dental assisting profession Position paper of the ADAADANB Alliance ldquo November 2005 httpwwwdentalassistantorg
American Health Information Management Association httpwwwahimaorg
American Health Information Management Association ldquoStatement on the Health Information Management Workforcerdquo July 2002 httpwwwahimaorg
American Medical Association Health Professions Career and Educational Directory 2005ndash2006 33rd Edition American Medical Association Press 2005
American Society for Clinical Pathology httpwwwascporg
American Society of Radiologic Technologists ldquoThe Personnel Crunch A Crisis in the Radio-logic Technology Workforcerdquo 2003 httpwwwasrtorgmediapdfshortage_overviewpdf Accessed April 27 2006
American Society of Radiologic Technologists ldquoMaking the Profession Stronger Annual Report to Members Fiscal Year 2004rdquo httpwwwasrtorgmediapdfAR05_spreadpdf Accessed April 25 2006
Annie E Casey Foundation ldquoWhorsquos Taking Care Advocasey Examines the Staffing Crisis in Children and Family Servicesrdquo Advocasey Documenting Programs That Work for Kids and Families 6(1) Spring 2004
Arizona Department of Economic SecuritymdashResearch Administration httpwwwworkforceazgov
Arkansas Department of Workforce Services httpwwwdiscoverarkansasnet
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profile of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 235
Arthur Anderson (1999 November) Pharmacy Activity Cost and Productivity Study November 1999
Association of Surgical Technologists ldquoAST Recommended Clinical Ladder for the Surgical Technologistrdquo httpwwwastorgContentThe20ProfessionInformationhtm Accessed March 25 2006
Bhattacharyya K Winch P Leban K and Tien M ldquoCommunity Health Worker Incentives and Disincentives How They Affect Motivation Retention and Sustainabilityrdquo Basic Support for Institutionalizing Child Survival Project (BASICS II) for the United States Agency for Interna-tional Development Arlington Virginia October 2001
Bureau of Labor Statistics US Department of Labor ldquoCurrent Population SurveymdashTable 11 Employed Persons by Detailed Occupation Sex Race and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicityrdquo January 2005
Bureau of Labor Statistics US Department of Labor Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004ndash2005
Bureau of Labor Statistics US Department of Labor ldquoOccupational Projections and Training Datamdash2003-2004rdquo Supplement to the Occupational Outlook Handbook 2003ndash2004
Bureau of Labor Statistics US Department of Labor ldquoOccupational Employment StatisticsmdashOccupational Employment and Wage Estimates ldquo November 2004 httpwwwblsgovoesoes_datahtm
California Association of Psychiatric Technicians ldquoPsychiatric Technicians in Other Statesrdquo 2004 httpwwwpsych-healthcomotherstshtm Accessed April 13 2006
California Department of Industrial Relations httpwwwlabormarketinfoeddcagov
Colorado Department of Labor and Employment httpwwwcoworkforcecomlmi
Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification (2006) httpwwwcrccertificationcom Accessed April 28 2006
Committee on Dietetic Registration ldquoCertifications and Licensurerdquo httpwwwcdrnetorg certificationslicensureindexhtm Accessed May 1 2006
Connecticut Department of Labor Office of Research httpwwwctdolstatectuslmi indexhtm
Delaware Office of Occupational and Labor Market Information httpwwwdelawareworkscomoolmiwelcomeshtml
District of Columbia Department of Employment Services httpdoesdcgovdoescwpviewaspa=1233ampq=538345ampdoesNav=|32064|
Florida Agency for Workforce Innovation httpwwwlabormarketinfocom
Franks P Kocher N and Chapman S Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics in California San Francisco University of California San Francisco Center for Health Professions January 2004
Georgia Department of Labor httpwwwexplorerdolstategaus
Hawaii Department of Labor and Industrial Relations httpwwwhiwiorg
Idaho Department of Commerce and Labor Research and Analysis Bureau httplmi Idahogov
Ap
pend
ix C
Bib
liogra
phy
236 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profile of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Illinois Department of Employment Security httplmiidesstateilus
Indiana Department of Workforce Development httpwwwingovdwdinewslmiasp
Iowa Workforce Development Labor Market Information Bureau httpwwwiowaworkforceorglmiindexhtml
Kansas Department of Labor httplaborstatsdolksgovindexhtm
Kentucky Office of Employment and Training httpwwwworkforcekentuckykygov
Keane D Nielsen C and Dower C Community Health Workers and Promoters in California San Francisco University of California San Francisco Center for the Health Professions September 2004
Kimerling J ldquoBuilding a Culturally Competent Mental Health Workforcerdquo (unpublished report) The California Endowment 2002
Koele C ldquo Building the Lab Workforce of the Futurerdquo Medical Laboratory Observer May 2004
Kopiec K ldquoThe Work Experiences of Certified Nursing Assistants in New Hampshirerdquo Concord NH New Hampshire Community Loan Fund 2000
Leon J and Franco SJ Home and Community-Based Workforce Final Report Menlo Park CA Henry J Kaiser Foundation July 1998
Light PC The Health of the Human Services Workforce Washington DC Center for Public Service The Brookings Institution and Wagner School of Public Service New York University 2003
Lipson D and Carol R Health Insurance Coverage for Direct-Care Workers Riding Out the Storm Washington DC Institute for the Future of Aging Services 1(3) March 2004
Louisiana Department of Labor httpwwwldolstatelaushomepageasp
Mahan C and Malecki J ldquoConfronting the Impending Public Health Workforce Crisis in America Perspectives from Academia and Public Health Practicerdquo Florida Public Health Review 1 4ndash7 2004
Maine Department of Labor httpwwwmainegovlaborlmis
Maryland Department of Labor Licensing and Regulation Division of Workforce Development httpwwwdllrstatemduslmiindexhtm
Massachusetts Department of Workforce Development httpwwwdetmaorgdefaulthtm
McLellan A Carise D and Kleber H ldquoCan the National Addiction Treatment Infrastructure Support the Publicrsquos Demand for Quality Carerdquo Report by The Treatment Research Institute and the University of Pennsylvania Center for Studies of Addiction 2003
McRee T et al The Mental Health Workforce Whorsquos Meeting Californiarsquos Needs San Francisco The California Workforce Initiative at the University of California San Francisco Center for Health Professions February 2003
Medical Transcription Industry Alliance Medical Transcription Industry Alliance Newsletter (6)6 December 2003
Michigan Department of Labor and Economic Growth httpwwwmichlmiorgindexjsp
Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development httpwwwdeedstatemnuslmiHomehtm
Ap
pend
ix C
Bib
liogra
phy
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profile of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 237
Mississippi Department of Employment Security httpmdesgovwpsportalnull
Missouri Department of Economic Development httpwwwmissourieconomyorgindexstm
Montana Department of Labor and Industry Research and Analysis Bureau httpwwwourfactsyourfutureorg
Mulvey K Hubbard S and Hiyashi S ldquoA National Study of the Substance Abuse Treatment Workforcerdquo Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 24(1) 51-57 January 2003
National Association of Social Workers httpwwwnasworg
National Association of Social Workers Assuring the Sufficiency of a Frontline Workforce A National Study of Licensed Social Workers Preliminary Report Washington DC National Association of Social Workers 2005
National Center for Health Workforce Analysis The Clinical Laboratory Workforce The Changing Picture of Supply Demand Education and practice US Department of Health and Human Services January 2005
National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certification ldquoWhy Become a CTRSrdquo 2004 httpwwwncrtcorg
National Rural Health Association ldquoRecruitment and Retention of a Quality Health Workforce in Rural Areas Issue Paperrdquo November 2005
Nebraska Department of Labor httpwwwdolstateneusnwdcentercfmPRICAT=4ampSUBCAT=4C
Nevada Department of Employment Training and Rehabilitation httpwww nevadaworkforcecom
New Hampshire Department of Employment Security httpwwwnhesstatenhuselmi indexhtml
New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development httpwwwnjgovlaborlra indexhtml
New Mexico Department of Labor httpwwwdolstatenmusdol_lmifhtml
New York Department of Labor httpwwwlaborstatenyusworkforceindustrydataindexasp
North Carolina Employment Security Commission httpwwwncesccomlmidefaultasp
North Dakota Job Service httpwwwjobsndcomdataindexhtml
Northwest Center for Public Health Practice Building Workforce Bridges Across Northwest States A Regional Analysis of Workforce Assessments From Six NW States School of Public Health and Community Medicine University of Washington January 2002
Ohio Office of Workforce Development httpwwwohioworkforceinformerorg
Oklahoma Employment Security Commission httpwwwoescstateokuslmi
Oregon Employment Department httpwwwqualityinfoorgolmisjOlmisZine
Pennsylvania Center for Workforce Information and Analysis httpwwwpaworkstatsstatepaus
Pharmacy Technician Certification Board 2005 httpwwwptcporgAboutstatisticsaspx Accessed April 27 2006
Ap
pend
ix C
Bib
liogra
phy
238 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profile of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
Rhode Island Department of Labor and Training httpwwwdltrigovlmi
Seago J Spetz J Chapman S Dyer W and Grumbach K Supply Demand and use of Licensed Practical Nurses San Francisco Center for Health Workforce Studies University of San Francisco November 2004
Seavey D The Cost of Frontline Turnover in Long-Term Care Washington DC Better Jobs Better Care Institute for the Future of Aging Services October 2004
South Carolina Employment Security Commission httpwwwscesorglmi
South Dakota Department of Labor httpwwwsdjobsorglmic
Tache S and Chapman S Medical Assistants in California San Francisco University of California San Francisco Center for Health Professions 2004 Tennessee Department of Labor and Workforce Development httpsourcevirtuallmicomdefaultasp
Texas Workforce Commission httpwwwtracer2com
United States General Accounting Office ldquoNursing Workforce Recruitment and Retention of Nurses and Nurse Aides is a Growing Concernrdquo Statement of William J Scanlon May 17 2001
Utah Department of Workforce Services httpjobsutahgovopencmswi
Virginia Employment Commission httpvelmavirtuallmicom
Vermont Department of Labor httpwwwvtlmiinfo
Washington Employment Security Department httpwwwworkforceexplorercom
West Virginia Workforce httpwwwwvbeporgbeplmi
Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education Mental Health Program The behavioral workforce in Alaska A status report University of Alaska March 2004
Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development httpworknetwisconsingovworknet
Wyoming Department of Employment Research and Planning Division httpdoestatewy uslmi
Ap
pend
ix C
Bib
liogra
phy
Workers Who Care A Graphical Profile of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 239
Acknowledgments
Health Workforce Solutions LLC would like to thank the following people for their
contributions to this book
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Staff
Victor Capoccia PhD
Senior Program Offi cer
Sallie Petrucci George MPH
Program Offi cer
Maureen Cozine MPH
Communications Offi cer
Hope Woodhead
Production Director
Editing
Beth Brainard
Chartbook Design
DBA Design
PO Box 2316
Route One and College Road East
Princeton NJ 08543
wwwrwjforg