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Workers Who Care: A Graphical Profile of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce November 2006 HEALTH WORKFORCE SOLUTIONS LLC

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profile of the Frontline

Health and Health Care Workforce

November 2006

HEALTH WORKFORCE SOLUTIONS LLC

copy 2006 the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation

Report prepared by

Health Workforce Solutions LLC

San Francisco California

wwwhealthwscom

Jennifer Schindel PhD

Principal Investigator

David Cherner MBA MPH

Project Director

Edward OrsquoNeil MPA PhD FAAN

Project Advisor

Kim Solomon MBA MPH

Project Advisor

Brian Iammartino MPP

Project Analyst

Janine Santimauro MPP MPH

Project Analyst

The fi ndings and views contained in this report do not necessarily refl ect those of

the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profile of the Frontline

Health and Health Care Workforce

November 2006

HEALTH WORKFORCE SOLUTIONS LLC

Contents

Introduction 1

Overview of Methodology 3

How to Use the Chartbook 5

Overview of the FrontlineHealth and Health Care Workforce 11

Occupational Variation Across theFrontline Health and Health Care Workforce17

Occupational Profi les 27

Conclusion 129

Appendix A Extended Methodology and Data Availability 133

Appendix B TablesmdashOccupational Profi les State by State Data 137

Appendix C Bibliography 235

The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) is dedicated to improving the health and health care of all Americans Historically the Foundationrsquos workforce initiatives have targeted primarily prominent and professionalized occupations such as physicians registered nurses and health care executives These professions are critical highly visible components of the United States health care system they provide vital contributions to the public their patients key constituents and the organizations they represent However a signifi cant number of public health and health care workersmdashreferred to here as the frontline workforcemdashalso deliver vital care and services but are often underrepresented in current research and outreach initiatives within the health and health care system This frontline workforce is a diverse group of professionals and paraprofessionals who provide a range of direct patient care and client services The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation believes this fast-growing segment of the health and health care workforce a group that plays a critical role in ensuring delivery of high-quality care and services warrants further research and outreach

This frontline workforce is growing rapidly collectively it is growing faster (326) than the growth rate of all health and health care occupations (283) and signifi cantly faster than the growth rate for all occupations (148) in the United States workforce (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment Statistics 2003) Although we know the frontline workforce will continue to play a critically important role within public health and the health care delivery system little has been known about who these workers are and what employment issues and needs they face This chartbook attempts to fi ll this research gap by providing information about frontline occupations on both national and state levels Frontline workers are diverse in terms of the patient care services they provide the settings in which they work and their particular employment outlook but they do share some common characteristics

bull Frontline workersrsquo wage earnings are generally lower than in other health care occupations most earn annual wages of $40000 or less

bull Most frontline occupations require educational training at a bachelorrsquos degree or below or simply on-the-job training

bull Workers often do not have clear career ladders or mechanisms to enhance their occupational role

In total the frontline workforce occupations selected for this chartbook represent more than 6 million workers employed in 2002 (based on data reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics) which represents just over half of the total health and health care workforce Not all occupations document comprehensive demographic information however existing data do indicate that 80 percent of frontline workers in the occupations included in this study are female and 32 percent are African American or Hispanic These demographics are in sharp contrast with many other health professions in which workers are predominantly white and male

Introduction

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 1

Although some frontline occupations have voluntary member associations connections with accrediting bodies or related organizational affi liations no comprehensive resource has provided consistent data on the occupational outlook for this workforce This chartbook offers a synthesis of the core data available across these occupations including occupational growth outlook per capita employment demographic information and wage outlook and trends These data will serve as a resource for workforce policy-makers and analysts occupational associations employers foundations and researchers by profi ling the frontline workforce as a whole the variability across frontline occupations and the employment outlook for each occupation as it varies across states

The frontline workforce will become an increasingly important part of the United States health and health care system as the population ages Changes in disease advances in technology and increases in consumer demand and costs will affect the entire health care system but many frontline employers and workers will have fewer resources available to respond to those challenges As our nationrsquos health care needs increase it is essential to the nationrsquos health that policies be developed to ensure that a sustainable frontline workforce is available to deliver the highest quality of care and services

Intro

ductio

n

2 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

This chartbook provides comprehensive employment data on frontline health and health care workforce occupations The data offer a profi le of the frontline workforce at the national level as well as a more nuanced description of the ways in which the frontline occupational outlook varies across states and regions The researchers gathered the core occupational data presented here from federal sources such as the Bureau of Labor Statistics and from state sources such as state labor market information databases

Defi ning the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Thirty-two occupational categories comprise the frontline health and health care workforce profi led in this chartbook1 These occupational categories are defi ned by the Bureau of Labor Statistics 2000 Standard Occupational Classifi cation (SOC) which the researchers used to obtain the most standardized and consistent data available for this workforce To delineate which occupations make up the frontline workforce the researchers targeted occupations with the following general characteristics

bull a high level of direct patient care or care delivery support services

bull median annual wages of approximately $40000 or less and

bull required educational training of a bachelorrsquos degree or below

Collectively the frontline workforce refl ects these general characteristics However as discussed in more detail in the Appendix a few occupational categories that do not precisely fi t these criteria are included in the frontline workforce because they generally represent the health and health care occupations warranting further research and attention

Data Collection and Analysis

The researchers used both federal and state resources to gather core occupational data Because state labor market information resources use the federal Bureau of Labor Statistics Standard Occupational Classifi cation parallel gathering processes produced consistent and comparable state and national occupational data Core data on this workforce include2

bull 2002ndash2012 national and state employment and projections

mdash growth rate

mdash percentage of annual job openings due to replacement needs and

mdash per capita occupational employment

Overview of Methodology

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 3

1 An extensive discussion of the process of defi ning this workforce can be found in the Extended Methodology section in the Appendix

2 For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

bull 2004 national and state wage outlook and trends

mdash average occupational wage

mdash percentile range of wage earnings and

mdash national and state wage gain trends

bull demographics (national data) and

bull educational training levels (national data)

The core data were analyzed organized and presented to provide (1) a view of the frontline workforce as a whole (2) occupational variations across the workforce and (3) in-depth occupational profi les that illuminate state variations in key information such as per capita employment occupational growth rates reported wage gains and other occupational trends In addition to the core data in the main portion of the chartbook a complete set of data tables are included in the Appendix which provides occupational data specifi c to each state

Ove

rview

of M

eth

odolo

gy

4 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Physical Therapist Assistants

Physical Therapist Aides

Occupational Therapist Assistants

Dental Assistants

Personal and Home Care Aides

Respiratory Therapy Technicians

Cardiovascular Technologists and Techicians

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Rehabilitation Counselors

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Medical and Public Health Social Workers

Pharmacy Technicians

Surgical Technologists

Mental Health Counselors

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Child Family and School Social Workers

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

Medical Transcriptionists

Dietetic Technicians

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Health Educators

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Pharmacy Aides

Psychiatric Aides

All Frontline Occupations

Medical Assistants

Social and Human Services Assistants

Home Health Aides

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

Recreational Therapists

Psychiatric Technicians

326

586

489

481

146

74

50

469

460

459

444

425

400

400

349

347

344

330

290

284

278

259

249

239

234

230

228

207

202

200

197

183

153

Growth Rate (in percent)

How to Use the Chartbook

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 5

Overview of the Frontline Workforce(page 11 to 15)

This section of the chartbook provides overview data on the total frontline workforce The data presented are aggregated across all 32 occupations to present a view of the employment and wage outlook for the frontline workforce as a whole Data presented include

bull Frontline workforce population relative to the total health and health care workforce

bull Employment projections

bull Regional distribution and outlook

bull Gender and racial distribution

bull Wage earningsMales

Females

21

79

Total health and health care workforce12080000

Frontline workforce6476000

Data ranked high to low

Top 3 entries are

Bottom 3 entries are

Occupational Variation Across the Frontline Workforce(page 17 to 26)

This section of the book provides data focusing on the variation across the 32 occupations Figures 10 and 11 in this section show the employment and wage outlook across these occupations ordered from high to low

MEAN ANNUAL

Nursing Aides Orderlies and AttendantsHome Health Aides

Personal and Home Care Aides

Occupational Health and Safety SpecialistsRadiologic Technologists and Technicians

Cardiovascular Technologists and TechniciansRespiratory Therapy Technicians

Surgical TechnologistsMedical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Medical Records and Health Information TechniciansEmergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Medical AssistantsPharmacy Technicians

Health EducatorsMedical and Public Health Social Workers

Social and Human Service Assistants

Mental Health CounselorsMental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder CounselorsPsychiatric Technicians

Psychiatric Aides

Occupational Therapist AssistantsChild Family and School Social Workers

Physical Therapist AssistantsLicensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Recreational TherapistsRehabilitation Counselors

Dental AssistantsMedical Transcriptionists

Dietetic TechniciansPhysical Therapist Aides

Pharmacy Aides

$21890

$19200

$17560

$54410

$45900

$40770

$37840

$35560

$32820

$28160

$27940

$25860

$25150

$43150

$42250

$26300

$36630

$36620

$35170

$28710

$23770

$38550

$38280

$38050

$35580

$34780

$30820

$29570

$29530

$25390

$23270

$20270

Long-term Care Roles

Allied Health Roles

Community and Public Health Roles

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles

All Other Frontline Roles

lt$25900$26000ndash 30900

$31000ndash 40900

$41000ndash 50000+

OCCUPATIONAL ROLES

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se th

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ook

6 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Wage ranges

Summary occupational employment information

Supplemental data points

Per capita distribution by quartiles

Frontline occupational data point groupings

Occupational Profi les(page 27 to 128)

This third section provides occupational profi les for each of the 32 occupations in the frontline workforce

Page 1

The top of this page provides summary employment information for the occupation followed by a few additional data points The map of the United States on the bottom portion of the page presents the per capita distribution for this occupation across the country The per capita population is presented in quartiles with the legend showing the distribution for each quartile by color and the states shaded by the corresponding quartile color

A complete listing of each statersquos per capita distribution is located in the Appendix tables corresponding with each occupation

The second set of charts Figures 12 through 18 present comparison data of the average annual occupational wage relative to several other data points occupational roles demographics and education level along with other wage data points such as wage gain and wage range The purpose is to show where certain data points correlate with higher or lower wages

For example if one wanted to look at the wages for

occupations requiring a bachelorrsquos degree compared with wages of occupations requiring an associate degree the comparison is displayed on this chart

Allied Health Roles

Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Additional Findings

bull Cardiovascular technologists can deliver their services to patients in any medical setting that provides the necessary supervision of a doctor of medicine or osteopathy (American Medical Association 2005)

bull A vast majority of cardiovascular technologists and technicians work in medical and surgical hospitals while others work in offices of physicians and federal government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 43000 2265 Average Annual Openings2012 58000

35 Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 642 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 358 Replacements

Figure 19 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

1914ndash37901545ndash18941192ndash1505499ndash1178Data not available

(Median = 1545)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

NH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

VT

WY

How

to U

se th

e C

hartb

ook

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 7

States with the highest and lowest replacement needs

2004 mean annual wage for all occupa-tions in given state

High

ArizonaUtahKansasNevadaArkansas

400

400

393

360

345

Low

South CarolinaLouisianaDistrict of ColumbiaMichiganNorth Dakota

89

85

82

76

48

Growth Rate

High

North DakotaWest VirginiaMichiganLouisianaDistrict of Columbia

857

800

771

750

739

Low

WisconsinCaliforniaArizonaKansasUtah

400

373

361

353

333

Replacement Need (in percent)

NV

UT

AZ

KS

ND

AR

LA

MI

DC

SC

CA UT

AZ

KS

ND

WI

LA

MI

DC

SC

States with the highest and lowest

growth rate

Wage gain percent in the given state

2004 mean annual occupational wage

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

$38

880

$42

630

$31

740

$39

160

$47

450

$37

450

$34

880

$31

150

$34

300

$43

040

775 584 525 509 399

New Hampshire Arizona Oklahoma Nevada New Jersey

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

$34

110

$39

050

$34

650

$35

240

$36

750

Utah Delaware Vermont Wisconsin Hawaii

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

09 -52 -87 -138-26

$35

400

$32

910

$38

220

$37

930

$34

510

Page 3

This page presents the variation in wage outlook and average wage across states for the occupation The top chart highlights the fi ve states with the greatest wage gains from 2000ndash2004 and the chart below highlights the states with the lowest wage gains Additionally the average wage for the occupation in this state is presented next to the average wage for all occupations in that state

Here one can see the mean annual wage for the profi led occupation in the given state benchmarked next to the average wages across all occupations in that state providing insight into the economic context for the particular occupation in the given state

Page 2

This page presents data on the variation across states for the growth outlook and replacement needs for the occupation For both growth and replacement needs one can see the top and bottom fi ve states highlighted on the maps along with the corresponding percentage data on the left

Community and Public Health Roles

Health Educators

Additional Findings

bull The average age of the total public health workforce of which health educators are a key element is estimated at 47 indicating a looming retirement problem (Mahan and Malecki 2004)

bull The health educator occupational group is noted for persistent shortages and cited as a top priority within the public health infrastructure (Northwest Center for Public Health Practice University of Washington 2002)

bull Health educators work in a variety of settings including medical and surgical hospitals local government institutions individual and family services and state government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 45000 1759 Average Annual Openings2012 54000

20 Health Educators Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 554 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 446 Replacements

Figure 49 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

2048ndash66941482ndash20111041ndash14211414ndash1019Data not available

(Median = 1482)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

WY

SDNH

VT

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 669

Vermont 462

Delaware 347

Hawaii 332

Oregon 315

Alaska 296

Georgia 290

Maine 276

Minnesota 262

Massachusetts 245

New Jersey 210

New Mexico 205

Rhode Island 201

Washington 199

Maryland 194

Colorado 180

New York 178

Oklahoma 169

Nebraska 166

Missouri 165

North Carolina 161

California 157

Mississippi 154

Florida 149

New Hampshire 148

Kentucky 142

Ohio 135

Indiana 127

Texas 127

Michigan 123

Wisconsin 123

Utah 121

Pennsylvania 114

West Virginia 111

Kansas 107

Montana 104

Connecticut 104

Tennessee 102

Virginia 101

Nevada 92

Arizona 88

Iowa 83

South Dakota 83

Louisiana 83

Alabama 80

Idaho 74

Arkansas 73

Illinois 73

South Carolina 41

North Dakota NA

Wyoming NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 875

Michigan 667

Rhode Island 667

West Virginia 667

New York 600

Arkansas 571

Illinois 571

Maryland 559

Washington 540

Indiana 533

Alaska 500

California 500

Delaware 500

Hawaii 500

Idaho 500

Iowa 500

Missouri 500

Montana 500

New Mexico 500

Ohio 500

Tennessee 500

Utah 500

Vermont 500

Wisconsin 500

Georgia 489

Pennsylvania 472

Mississippi 471

Colorado 460

Nebraska 455

Massachusetts 451

Virginia 448

Maine 429

New Jersey 429

Kentucky 400

Louisiana 400

Texas 400

Minnesota 397

Florida 383

Arizona 375

Kansas 375

New Hampshire 375

Oklahoma 350

Oregon 350

Alabama 333

North Carolina 333

South Dakota 333

Connecticut 300

Nevada 100

North Dakota NA

South Carolina NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Utah 464

Nevada 450

Colorado 333

Arizona 315

Florida 298

South Dakota 286

New Hampshire 275

Texas 273

Minnesota 264

Alaska 263

New Mexico 263

Kentucky 256

Hawaii 244

Montana 242

Maine 235

Oregon 234

North Carolina 231

Missouri 223

Alabama 222

New Jersey 222

Virginia 221

Delaware 214

Idaho 212

Oklahoma 203

Mississippi 201

Pennsylvania 199

Washington 198

Connecticut 194

Arkansas 192

Nebraska 192

Georgia 185

California 182

Indiana 179

Wisconsin 179

Vermont 179

Massachusetts 178

Ohio 175

Kansas 172

Louisiana 162

Tennessee 153

Iowa 143

Maryland 142

Illinois 131

West Virginia 115

New York 115

Rhode Island 112

Michigan 89

South Carolina 59

District of Columbia 24

North Dakota NA

Wyoming NA

How

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ook

8 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Corresponding data for every state can be found in Appendix B TablesmdashOccupational Profi les State by State Data

Appendix Data Tables(page 137 to 234)

The data tables in Appendix B provide a complete listing of the state-by-state data highlighted in the occupational profi les The data tables are organized by occupation and include state data for growth replacements and per capita and wage gains benchmarks and differentials Data for certain occupations were not available in all states and unavailable data are labeled as ldquonardquo

For example for a more detailed look at the specifi c per capita population of health educators in Texas one can turn to the corresponding per capita Appendix table for health educators which will show the per capita population for that state listed in order from highest to lowest per capita distribution

Commonly Used Terms

Several terms are repeatedly used throughout the chartbook The table below provides brief defi nitions for each term

TERM DEFINITION

Frontline workforce 32 unique occupational groups of health and health care workers as defi ned by the researchers Key characteristics include high level of direct careservice median annual wage under $40000 and required educational training of a bachelorrsquos degree or below For more detail on how the 32 groups were chosen please review the Extended Methodology section in the Appendix

Growth or growth rate Difference or percent change between 2002 and 2012 refl ecting expected growth in an occupation throughout the ten-year period

Replacements The need in job openings from workers that permanently leave an occupation (eg retirement health and family reasons switch careers etc)

Separations Synonym for replacements

Average annual openings Sum for each occupation of Growth plus the expected number of Replacement workers needed to fi ll those openings and then annualized

Short term on-the-job training Short demonstration or up to one month of on-the-job experience or instruction

Moderate term on-the-job training One to 12 months of combined on-the-job experience and instruction

Allied health roles Occupations that support aid and increase the effi ciency of the physician or dentist or primary clinical specialist

For more detail on specifi c calculations or methods please refer to the Extended Methodology section in the Appendix

How

to U

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ook

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 9

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 11

Frontline workers represent a large and signifi cant segment of the total health and health care workforce There are approximately 12 million health and health care workers in the United States working in community and social service occupations health care practitioner and technical occupations and health care support occupations (Bureau of Labor Statistics 2003) These workers represent a range of roles in the delivery of health services and care they include physicians registered nurses substance abuse counselors medical assistants and X-ray technicians The frontline workforce as defi ned in this chartbook constitutes half of the total health and health care workforce with more than 6 million workers in frontline occupations1

Figure 1 Frontline Workforce Population Relative to Total Health and Health Care Workforce Population

The frontline workforce as a whole is predominantly female and approximately one-third of the workers are part of a racial minority

Figure 2 Gender Distribution Across the Frontline Workforce

Overview of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Males

Females

21

79

Total health and health care workforce12080000

Frontline workforce6476000

1 For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 3 Racial Distribution Across the Frontline Workforce

The frontline workforce consists of a diverse set of occupations within various health services and health care delivery roles

Figure 4 Frontline Workforce Occupational Roles

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles

Mental Health Counselors

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Psychiatric Aides

Psychiatric Technicians

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Child Family and School Social Workers

Dental Assistants

Dietetic Technicians

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Medical Transcriptionists

Occupational Therapist Assistants

Pharmacy Aides

Physical Therapist Aides

Physical Therapist Assistants

Recreational Therapists

Rehabilitation Counselors

Allied Health Roles

Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Medical Assistants

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

Pharmacy Technicians

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

Respiratory Therapy Technicians

Surgical Technologists

Community and Public Health Roles

Health Educators

Medical and Public Health Social Workers

Social and Human Services Assistants

Long-term Care Roles

Home Health Aides

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Personal and Home Care Aides

White

Asian

AfricanAmerican

HispanicLatino

6718

10

4

Ove

rview

of th

e F

rontlin

e H

ealth

and H

ealth

Care

Work

forc

e

12 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Employment Outlook

This frontline workforce is growing rapidly collectively it is growing faster (326) than the growth rate for all health and health care occupations (283) and signifi -cantly faster than the growth rate for all occupations (148) in the United States (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment Statistics 2003)

Figure 5 Projected Employment for the Frontline Workforce Due to Growth (2002ndash2012)

This projection refl ects only the increase in jobs needed due to occupational growth it does not include additional job openings due to replacement need which includes workers who retire leave the occupation or leave the employment workforce altogether For the frontline workforce 342 of the average annual projected job openings are due to replacement need This means an additional 1 million frontline workforce jobs will need to be fi lled by 2012

Figure 6 Projected Employment for the Frontline Workforce Due to Growth + Replacement Need (2002ndash2012)

2012Projected employment

8589000

2002Employment

6476000

Growth rate = 326

2012Projected employment (growth + replacements)

9686760

2002Employment

6476000

Growth rate = 496

Ove

rview

of th

e F

rontlin

e H

ealth

and H

ealth

Care

Work

forc

e

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 13

Regional Outlook

With the exception of the West there is little observable regional variation in growth rate or percentage of replacement need for the total frontline workforce across the four Census regions Variations in employment and wage outlook appear much more salient at the state level when comparing particular occupations as shown in the Occupational Profi les section

The overall regional distribution of the frontline workforce is fairly evenly distributed relative to the regional distribution of the population as a whole The Western region exhibits the most variation relative to the other regions with the frontline workforce there less representative of the regionrsquos population as a whole The total 2002 population distribution across regions is

West 26 of total United States population

South 35 of total United States population

Northeast 18 of total United States population

Midwest 21 of total United States population

Figure 7 Frontline Workforce Regional Distribution

Total workforce employment 6400000

West1140230

Northeast1439258

South2261969

Midwest1558525

178

353

224

243

Ove

rview

of th

e F

rontlin

e H

ealth

and H

ealth

Care

Work

forc

e

14 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 15

Wage Outlook

Workers in the frontline workforce generally earn less than $40000 per year the mean annual wage for the total frontline workforce is $32180 (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment Statistics Wage Estimates 2004) Looking at the percentile spread of wage earnings for frontline occupations from the 10th percentile to the 90th percentile there is some variability between the minimum and maximum wage earning potential The highest annual wage earning potential for this workforce as a whole is under $50000

Figure 9 Frontline Workforce Wage Earnings (2004)

260 259 311 341 397 394 354 358

Northeast Midwest South West Northeast Midwest South West

Figure 8 Frontline Workforce Regional Outlook Projected Growth (2002ndash2012) and Percent Job Openings Due to Replacement Need

Ove

rview

of th

e F

rontlin

e H

ealth

and H

ealth

Care

Work

forc

e

Percentile Differential

$20299

Median $30665

$46673

10th Percentile

90th Percentile

130

The following section highlights the employment and wage outlook for the frontline workforce by occupation and illuminates variations among frontline occupations There is signifi cant variation in growth and replacement need across occupations and there is also some observable variation in wage earnings The variations in growth and replacement need do not appear to relate directly to particular occupational roles In wage outlook however certain occupational roles tend to cluster at the top and the bottom of the wage-earning spectrum For example long-term care roles are among the lowest wage earners and experienced the smallest wage gain in the past four years Allied health roles (some not all) on the other hand are among the highest wage earners in this workforce and experienced some of the largest wage gains1

Although the data on educational training for frontline occupations are limited2 the researchers were able to categorize these occupations based on the following standard educational training levels

Short-term on-the-job training3

Moderate-term on-the-job training4

Postsecondary vocational award

Associate degree

Bachelorrsquos degree

Masterrsquos degree

(Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Projections and Training Data 2005)

In frontline workforce occupations higher education and training do not directly correlate with the highest wage earnings but workers with only on-the-job training are among the lowest wage earners in the workforce

The demographic data available for frontline occupations is also limited However by grouping occupations by their percentage of minority workers there are some patterns within occupational roles with a high percentage or a low percentage of minority workers For example long-term care roles have the highest percentage of minority workers and the lowest wage earnings and allied health roles (some not all) have the lowest number of minority workers and are among the highest wage earners

Occupational Variation Across the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 17

1 For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

2 Further discussion on data availability can be found in the Extended Methodology section in the Appendix

3 Defi ned as short demonstration or up to 1 month of on-the-job experience or instruction

4 Defi ned as 1 to 12 months of combined on-the-job experience and instruction

Occupatio

nal V

aria

tion

|

Em

plo

ym

ent G

row

th

18 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Physical Therapist Assistants

Physical Therapist Aides

Occupational Therapist Assistants

Dental Assistants

Personal and Home Care Aides

Respiratory Therapy Technicians

Cardiovascular Technologists and Techicians

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Rehabilitation Counselors

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Medical and Public Health Social Workers

Pharmacy Technicians

Surgical Technologists

Mental Health Counselors

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Child Family and School Social Workers

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

Medical Transcriptionists

Dietetic Technicians

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Health Educators

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Pharmacy Aides

Psychiatric Aides

All Frontline Occupations

Medical Assistants

Social and Human Services Assistants

Home Health Aides

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

Recreational Therapists

Psychiatric Technicians

326

586

489

481

146

74

50

469

460

459

444

425

400

400

349

347

344

330

290

284

278

259

249

239

234

230

228

207

202

200

197

183

153

Growth Rate (in percent)

Figure 10 Occupational Employment Projections (2002ndash2012)mdashGrowth Rate

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Occupatio

nal V

aria

tion

|

Rep

lacem

ent N

eed

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 19

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Pharmacy Aides

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Psychiatric Aides

Mental Health Counselors

Medical Transcriptionists

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

Health Educators

Child Family and School Social Workers

Rehabilitation Counselors

Dental Assistants

Dietetic Technicians

Medical and Public Health Social Workers

Cardiovascular Technologists and Techicians

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Surgical Technologists

Pharmacy Technicians

Personal and Home Care Aides

Respiratory Therapy Technicians

Physical Therapist Assistants

Social and Human Services Assistants

Physical Therapist Aides

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Occupational Therapist Assistants

All Frontline Occupations

Recreational Therapists

Psychiatric Technicians

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

Medical Assistants

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Home Health Aides

342

725

688

623

239

234

214

581

519

513

496

474

462

450

449

446

425

403

397

392

374

358

345

332

318

312

284

275

272

265

265

257

244

Replacement Need (in percent)

Figure 11 Occupational Employment Projections (2002ndash2012)mdashPercent of Job Openings Due to Replacement Need

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Occupatio

nal V

aria

tion

| W

ag

e G

ain

20 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Wage Gain

All Frontline Occupations

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

Mental Health Counselors

Surgical Technologists

Health Educators

Recreational Therapists

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Pharmacy Technicians

Medical and Public Health Social Workers

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Medical Transcriptionists

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Child Family and School Social Workers

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Rehabilitation Counselors

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Physical Therapist Aides

Dietetic Technicians

Physical Therapist Assistants

Dental Assistants

Occupational Therapist Assistants

Respiratory Therapy Technicians

Social and Human Service Assistants

Psychiatric Technicians

Personal and Home Care Aides

Medical Assistants

Pharmacy Aides

Home Health Aides

Psychiatric Aides

2000Mean annual

2004Mean annual

144

231

226

205

199

178

175

168

168

166

164

161

153

148

146

142

136

134

133

129

112

112

107

106

106

105

103

102

100

85

71

60

59

$28141

$37290

$44380

$30390

$29660

$36640

$29590

$30100

$30470

$34960

$21600

$36400

$24430

$25720

$19100

$33530

$32240

$27170

$28970

$24740

$20930

$22830

$34370

$26740

$34860

$34230

$23840

$26060

$15960

$23840

$18930

$18110

$22440

$32179

$45900

$54410

$36630

$35560

$43150

$34780

$35170

$35580

$40770

$25150

$42250

$28160

$29530

$21890

$38280

$36620

$30820

$32820

$27940

$23270

$25390

$38050

$29570

$38550

$37840

$26300

$28710

$17560

$25860

$20270

$19200

$23770

Figure 12 Occupational Wage Gains 2000ndash2004

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Percentile Differential

All Frontline Occupations

Health Educators

Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Mental Health Counselors

Rehabilitation Counselors

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

Recreational Therapists

Social and Human Service Assistants

Dietetic Technicians

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Child Family and School Social Workers

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Psychiatric Technicians

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Medical and Public Health Social Workers

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Physical Therapist Assistants

Occupational Therapist Assistants

Physical Therapist Aides

Psychiatric Aides

Dental Assistants

Pharmacy Aides

Pharmacy Technicians

Respiratory Therapy Technicians

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

Medical Transcriptionists

Surgical Technologists

Medical Assistants

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Home Health Aides

Personal and Home Care Aides

$20299

$23740

$22390

$16260

$21590

$18610

$31560

$20420

$15620

$14860

$21860

$23470

$21440

$18360

$18080

$25790

$20570

$24140

$24530

$15450

$15670

$19370

$13640

$16800

$25320

$30710

$20360

$24260

$18290

$15400

$24910

$13760

$12330

$46673

$68830

$61310

$43590

$56590

$48290

$81670

$52520

$40110

$37370

$54820

$58410

$51720

$44220

$42360

$60120

$47110

$52740

$53510

$33390

$33840

$41790

$29330

$34970

$52350

$62900

$40880

$47860

$35090

$29520

$47440

$26110

$22760

10th Percentile

90th Percentile

190

174

168

162

159

159

157

157

151

151

149

141

141

134

133

129

118

118

116

116

116

115

108

107

105

101

97

92

92

90

90

85

130

Occupatio

nal V

aria

tion

| W

ag

e R

ang

es

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 21

Figure 13 Occupational Wage Range 10thndash90th Percentile

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

MEAN ANNUAL

Nursing Aides Orderlies and AttendantsHome Health Aides

Personal and Home Care Aides

Occupational Health and Safety SpecialistsRadiologic Technologists and Technicians

Cardiovascular Technologists and TechniciansRespiratory Therapy Technicians

Surgical TechnologistsMedical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Medical Records and Health Information TechniciansEmergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Medical AssistantsPharmacy Technicians

Health EducatorsMedical and Public Health Social Workers

Social and Human Service Assistants

Mental Health CounselorsMental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder CounselorsPsychiatric Technicians

Psychiatric Aides

Occupational Therapist AssistantsChild Family and School Social Workers

Physical Therapist AssistantsLicensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Recreational TherapistsRehabilitation Counselors

Dental AssistantsMedical Transcriptionists

Dietetic TechniciansPhysical Therapist Aides

Pharmacy Aides

$21890

$19200

$17560

$54410

$45900

$40770

$37840

$35560

$32820

$28160

$27940

$25860

$25150

$43150

$42250

$26300

$36630

$36620

$35170

$28710

$23770

$38550

$38280

$38050

$35580

$34780

$30820

$29570

$29530

$25390

$23270

$20270

Long-term Care Roles

Allied Health Roles

Community and Public Health Roles

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles

All Other Frontline Roles

lt$25900$26000ndash 30900

$31000ndash 40900

$41000ndash 50000+

OCCUPATIONAL ROLES

Occupatio

nal V

aria

tion

| W

ag

e C

om

paris

ons

22 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 14 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Occupational Roles

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

MEAN ANNUAL

Radiologic Technologists and TechniciansOccupational Health and Safety Specialists

Mental Health Counselors

Surgical TechnologistsHealth Educators

Recreational TherapistsSubstance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational NursesCardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Pharmacy TechniciansMedical and Public Health Social Workers

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Medical TranscriptionistsNursing Aides Orderlies and AttendantsChild Family and School Social Workers

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social WorkersRehabilitation Counselors

Medical and Clinical Laboratory TechniciansEmergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Dietetic TechniciansPhysical Therapist Aides

Physical Therapist AssistantsOccupational Therapist Assistants

Dental AssistantsRespiratory Therapy Technicians

Social and Human Service AssistantsPsychiatric Technicians

Personal and Home Care Aides

Medical AssistantsPharmacy Aides

Home Health AidesPsychiatric Aides

$45900

$54410

$36630

$35560

$43150

$34780

$35170

$35580

$40770

$25150

$42250

$28160

$29530

$21890

$38280

$36620

$30820

$32820

$27940

$25390

$23270

$38050

$38550

$29570

$37840

$26300

$28710

$17560

$25860

$20270

$19200

$23770

20ndash25

15ndash20

10ndash15

5ndash10

lt$25900$26000- 30900

$31000- 40900

$41000- 50000+

PERCENT WAGE GAIN 2000ndash2004

Occupatio

nal V

aria

tion

| W

ag

e C

om

paris

ons

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 23

Figure 15 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Percent Wage Gain Across Occupations

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Occupatio

nal V

aria

tion

| W

ag

e C

om

paris

ons

24 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

MEAN ANNUAL

Health EducatorsCardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Emergency Medical Technicians and ParamedicsMental Health CounselorsRehabilitation Counselors

Occupational Health and Safety SpecialistsRecreational Therapists

Social and Human Service AssistantsDietetic Technicians

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Child Family and School Social WorkersSubstance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Psychiatric TechniciansMedical Records and Health Information Technicians

Medical and Public Health Social Workers

Medical and Clinical Laboratory TechniciansPhysical Therapist Assistants

Occupational Therapist AssistantsPhysical Therapist Aides

Psychiatric AidesDental AssistantsPharmacy Aides

Pharmacy TechniciansRespiratory Therapy Technicians

Radiologic Technologists and TechniciansMedical Transcriptionists

Surgical TechnologistsMedical Assistants

Nursing Aides Orderlies and AttendantsLicensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Home Health AidesPersonal and Home Care Aides

$43150

$40770

$27940

$36630

$30820

$54410

$34780

$26300

$25390

$36620

$38280

$35170

$28710

$28160

$42250

$32820

$38050

$38550

$23270

$23770

$29570

$20270

$25150

$37840

$45900

$29530

$35560

$25860

$21890

$35580

$19200

$17560

150ndash180

130ndash150

110ndash130

80ndash110

lt$25900$26000ndash 30900

$31000ndash 40900

$41000ndash 50000+

WAGE DIFFERENTIAL 10ndash90 PERCENTILE

Figure 16 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Wage Earnings Range (10thndash90th percentile)

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Occupatio

nal V

aria

tion

| W

ag

e C

om

paris

ons

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 25

Figure 17 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Education Training Levels

MEAN ANNUAL

Home Health AidesNursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Psychiatric AidesPhysical Therapist Aides

Pharmacy AidesPersonal and Home Care Aides

Social and Human Service AssistantsDietetic Technicians

Pharmacy TechniciansPsychiatric Technicians

Dental AssistantsMedical Assistants

Emergency Medical Technicians and ParamedicsRespiratory Therapy Technicians

Surgical TechnologistsLicensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Medical Transcriptionists

Medical and Clinical Laboratory TechniciansCardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Radiologic Technologists and TechniciansMedical Records and Health Information Technicians

Occupational Therapist AssistantsPhysical Therapist Assistants

Child Family and School Social WorkersMedical and Public Health Social Workers

Recreational TherapistsOccupational Health and Safety Specialists

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder CounselorsMental Health CounselorsRehabilitation Counselors

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social WorkersHealth Educators

$19200

$21890

$23770

$23270

$20270

$17560

$26300

$25390

$25150

$28710

$29570

$25860

$27940

$37840

$35560

$35580

$29530

$32820

$40770

$45900

$28160

$38550

$38050

$38280

$42250

$34780

$54410

$35170

$36630

$30820

$36620

$43150

Short-term On-the-job Training

Moderate-term On-the-job Training

Postsecondary Vocational Award

Associate Degree

Bachelorrsquos Degree

lt$25900$26000ndash 30900

$31000ndash 40900

$41000ndash 50000+

Masterrsquos Degree

EDUCATIONAL LEVEL

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

MEAN ANNUAL

Emergency Medical Technicians and ParamedicsCardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

Physical Therapist AidesPharmacy Technicians

Dietetic TechniciansPsychiatric Technicians

Dental AssistantsSurgical Technologists

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational NursesRespiratory Therapy Technicians

Physical Therapist Assistants

Social and Human Service AssistantsMedical Records and Health Information Technicians

Rehabilitation CounselorsMedical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder CounselorsMental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Mental Health CounselorsChild Family and School Social Workers

Medical and Public Health Social WorkersHealth Educators

Personal and Home Care AidesPharmacy Aides

Medical AssistantsMedical Transcriptionists

Home Health AidesNursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Psychiatric Aides

Recreational TherapistsOccupational Therapist Assistants

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

$27940

$40770

$45900

$23270

$25150

$25390

$28710

$29570

$35560

$35580

$37840

$38050

$26300

$28160

$30820

$32820

$35170

$36620

$36630

$38280

$42250

$43150

$17560

$20270

$25860

$29530

$19200

$21890

$23770

$34780

$38550

$54410

lt20

20ndash30

30ndash40

40ndash50

50ndash60

lt$25900$26000ndash 30900

$31000ndash 40900

$41000ndash 50000+

No demographic data available

PERCENTAGE NON-WHITE WORKERS (AFRICAN AMERICAN HISPANIC ASIAN)

Occupatio

nal V

aria

tion

| W

ag

e C

om

paris

ons

26 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 18 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Percent of Minority Workers Within Occupations

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Occupational Profi les

The following section provides in-depth occupational profi les for each of the 32 occupations in the frontline workforce In particular they show variations in per capita employment growth outlook and wage outlook across states for each occupation

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 27

Allied Health RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles28

Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians 29

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics 32

Medical Assistants 35

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians 38

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians 41

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists 44

Pharmacy Technicians 47

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians 50

Respiratory Therapy Technicians 53

Surgical Technologists 56

Community and Public Health RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles 59

Health Educators 60

Medical and Public Health Social Workers 63

Social and Human Services Assistants 66

Long-term Care RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles 69

Home Health Aides 70

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants 73

Personal and Home Care Aides 76

Mental Health and Substance Abuse RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles 79

Mental Health Counselors 80

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers 83

Psychiatric Aides 86

Psychiatric Technicians 89

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors 92

Other Frontline Occupational RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles 95

Child Family and School Social Workers 96

Dental Assistants 99

Dietetic Technicians 102

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses 105

Medical Transcriptionists 108

Occupational Therapist Assistants 111

Pharmacy Aides 114

Physical Therapist Aides 117

Physical Therapist Assistants 120

Recreational Therapists 123

Rehabilitation Counselors 126

Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Cardiac catheterization technologists

Cardiograph operators

Cardiographers

Cardiology technologists

Cardiopulmonary technologists

Cardiovascular technologists

Echocardiographers

Electrocardiograph operators

Pulmonary function technologists

Radiographers

Technicians EKG

Technicians cardiac monitor

Technicians cardiology

Technicians cardiopulmonary

Technicians cardiovascular

Technicians electrocardigraphic

Technicians holter scanning

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Ambulance driver-paramedics

EMT (emergency medical technicians)

Paramedics

Technicians EMT

Technicians emergency medical

Technicians medical emergency

Medical Assistants Assistants autopsy

Assistants chiropracticchiropractor

Assistants clinic

Assistants doctor other specifi ed or

ns less than associate degree

Assistants hospital clinic

Assistants medical

Assistants ophthalmic

Assistants optometric

Assistants orthopedic

Assistants physician other specifi ed or

ns less than associate degree

Assistants podiatric

Assistants podiatrist

Helpers doctor

Morgue attendants

Ocular care aides

Ophthalmic aides

Optometric aides

Orthopedic cast specialists

Physicianrsquos aides

Visual training aides

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Assistants laboratory ns

Blood typers

Histologic aides

Laboratory workers ns

Technicians ns

Technicians blood or blood bank

Technicians clinical laboratory

Technicians cytogenetic

Technicians hematology

Technicians hemodialysis

Technicians histologic

Technicians histopathology

Technicians laboratory ns

Technicians medical ns

Technicians medical laboratory

Technicians microbiology

Technicians pathological

Technicians serology

Technicians tissue

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Assistants medical record

Disability raters

Health information specialists

Historians

Library historians

Medical care evaluation specialists

Medical record clerks

Medical record consultants

Medical record specialists

Medical records ns

Severity of illness coordinators

Technicians health record

Technicians medical record

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

Adjustment examiners

Chiefs of safety and protection

Dental rating specialists

Environmental health sanitarians

Environmental health technologists

Environmental protection offi cers

Hazardous waste management

specialists

Health offi cers fi eld

Health sanitarians

Industrial hygienists

Industrial safety-and-health specialists

Inspectors ns

Inspectors environmental protection

Inspectors health

Inspectors industrial waste

Inspectors occupational safety and health

Inspectors quarantine

Inspectors rabies

Inspectors safety analysis or research

Inspectors safety work environment

Inspectors sanitarian

Inspectors sanitary

Inspectors sanitation

Inspectors tick

Inspectors water

Medical safety directors

Occupational health and safety

specialists

Public health service offi cers

Radiation protection specialists

Radiological health specialists

Sanitarians

Sanitation offi cers

Venereal disease investigators

Pharmacy Technicians Technicians pharmacist

Technicians pharmacy

Technicians pharmacy laboratory

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

CAT scanner operators

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

technologists

Radiologic technologists

Skiagraphers

Technicians MRI

(magnetic resonance imaging)

Technicians X ray

Technicians radiologic

Technicians radiological health

X ray operators

Respiratory Therapy TechniciansTechnicians oxygen equipment

Technicians oxygen therapy

Technicians respiratory therapy

Surgical Technologists

Surgical orderlies

Surgical technicians

Technicians operating room

Technicians scrub

Technicians surgical

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s

28 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Allied Health RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles

ns = not specifi ed

Allied Health Roles

Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 29

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Card

iovascula

r Technolo

gis

ts a

nd

Technic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 29

Additional Findings

bull Cardiovascular technologists can deliver their services to patients in any medical setting that provides the necessary supervision of a doctor of medicine or osteopathy (American Medical Association 2005)

bull A vast majority of cardiovascular technologists and technicians work in medical and surgical hospitals while others work in offi ces of physicians and federal government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 43000 2265 Average Annual Openings2012 58000

35 Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 642 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 358 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 19 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

1914ndash37901545ndash18941192ndash1505499ndash1178Data not available

(Median = 1545)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

NH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

VT

WY

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Card

iovascula

r Technolo

gis

ts a

nd

Technic

ians

30 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 20 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

MS

NC

NHWI

AZ

UT

WA

DC

PA

KY

High

IdahoNevadaArizonaColoradoUtah

598

583

572

566

519

Low

WashingtonAlabamaSouth CarolinaPennsylvaniaDistrict of Columbia

209

205

174

165

107

Growth Rate

High

District of ColumbiaPennsylvaniaWashingtonUtahKentucky

667

536

533

500

469

Low

North CarolinaMississippiNew HampshireWisconsinArizona

286

267

250

250

237

Replacement Need (in percent)

NV

ID

UTCO

AZ

AL

WA

PA

HI

HI

DC

SC

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Card

iovascula

r Technolo

gis

ts a

nd

Technic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 31

Figure 21 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

$42

710

$39

330

$42

430

$35

680

$33

720

$33

480

$31

940

$34

300

$33

820

$30

620

428 409 366 332 324

37 36

-13 -14

Maine Alabama Nevada Indiana North Dakota

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

$44

400

$31

150

$29

880

$32

170

$31

940

Connecticut Oklahoma Montana Kentucky South Carolina

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$43

570

$29

050

$38

640

$35

420

$39

450

-56

Allied Health Roles

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Em

erg

ency M

ed

ical Te

chnic

ians a

nd

Para

med

ics

32 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull A vast majority of employed workers in this category are non-Hispanic White (86) a recognized cultural competency issue for the profession given that the current demographic profi le of the US population identifi es over 32 of Americans as part of an ethnic minority (Committee on the Future of Emergency Care in the United States Health System 2006)

bull In rural areas training for EMTs and paramedics is increasingly offered through distance learning courses recent data show a three-fold increase between 2000 and 2004 of students taking an entire program using distance education resources (National Rural Health Association 2005)

bull Emergency medical technicians and paramedics work primarily in ambulatory health care services local government institutions and medical and surgical hospitals (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 179000 7987 Average Annual Openings2012 238000

33 Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 743 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 257 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 22 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

8066ndash123976536ndash80105120ndash64052253ndash5013

(Median = 6536)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Em

erg

ency M

ed

ical Te

chnic

ians a

nd

Para

med

ics

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 33

Figure 23 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

MN

AZNM

VA

VT

DC

OR

High

ArizonaColoradoNevadaNew MexicoUtah

1086

486

443

402

389

Low

MassachusettsOregonConnecticutMichiganDistrict of Columbia

161

159

129

127

00

High

District of ColumbiaMassachusettsOregonWyomingHawaii

1000

608

600

600

500

Low

VirginiaVermontMinnesotaNew MexicoArizona

238

235

228

180

97

NV

UTCO

AZ NM

CTMI

OR

HI

HI

DC

MA

MA

WY

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Em

erg

ency M

ed

ical Te

chnic

ians a

nd

Para

med

ics

34 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 24 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

$26

960

$33

290

$37

260

$25

060

$35

960

$30

620

$38

240

$41

360

$32

510

$36

750

457 432 418 413 384

04

-21-14

04

North Dakota Rhode Island Maryland Wyoming Hawaii

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

$30

470

$35

240

$31

940

$41

980

$36

980

West Virginia Wisconsin Alabama California Oregon

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$19

650

$22

380

$21

150

$27

460

$29

260

-72 -175

Allied Health Roles

Medical Assistants

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical A

ssis

tants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 35

Additional Findings

bull In 2004 medical assistants were reported among the top fi ve fastest-growing occupations (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment Statistics 2004)

bull Currently there is no generalized state or national licensure for medical assistants although many employers prefer or require that employees be certifi ed with the American Association of Medical Assistants Certifi ed Medical Assistant (CMA) credential

bull A majority of medical assistants work in offi ces of physicians while others work in medical and surgical hospitals and offi ces of other health practitioners (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 365000 28226 Average Annual Openings2012 579000

59 Medical Assistants Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 761 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 239 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 25 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

14305ndash2908012025ndash142958992ndash116512204ndash8370

(Median = 12025)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical A

ssis

tants

36 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 26 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

AZAR

UT

ID

DC

OR

NE

CO

AK

WA

High

IdahoArizonaWyomingArkansasUtah

810

785

727

718

694

Low

North DakotaNebraskaDistrict of ColumbiaOregonWashington

383

312

312

238

203

High

OregonWashingtonColoradoAlaskaNebraska

552

494

466

375

372

Low

UtahArkansasWyomingArizonaIdaho

207

202

200

191

189

UT

ID

WY

ARAZ

OR

WA

ND

NE

HI

HI

DC

WY

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical A

ssis

tants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 37

Figure 27 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

16172005

Idaho Delaware Rhode Island Washington New Mexico

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Connecticut North Dakota New York Alaska Vermont

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$28

430

$27

670

$26

650

$29

870

$24

440

$32

770

$39

050

$38

240

$40

860

$33

000

295 283 211 190 189

-35

$44

400

$30

620

$43

590

$42

170

$34

650

$29

920

$21

840

$27

160

$31

370

$26

250

Allied Health Roles

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical a

nd

Clin

ical L

ab

ora

tory

Technic

ians

38 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull Although salaries for medical and clinical laboratory technicians have shown moderate gains over time they are not equivalent to other health professions Many laboratory technicians report feeling overworked and underpaid and end up leaving to become physicianrsquos assistants (Koele 2004)

bull Due to closures of many hospital-based training programs the pipeline to employment for laboratory technicians has deteriorated though recent studies show renewed student interest and local efforts to restart or build new training programs to meet workforce demand (National Center for Health Workforce Analysis 2005)

bull A majority of medical and clinical laboratory technicians work in medical and surgical hospitals while others work in medical and diagnostic laboratories and offi ces of physicians (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 147000 6841 Average Annual Openings2012 176000

20 Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 419 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 581 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 28 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

5985ndash92625089ndash58634096ndash49431803ndash4059

(Median = 5089)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical a

nd

Clin

ical L

ab

ora

tory

Technic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 39

Figure 29 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

AZ

UTNV

ID

DC

SC

PA

High

ArizonaUtahIdahoNevadaColorado

528

375

370

329

296

Low

New YorkSouth CarolinaConnecticutPennsylvaniaDistrict of Columbia

84

79

69

61

00

High

District of ColumbiaHawaiiPennsylvaniaSouth CarolinaConnecticut

1000

1000

817

800

775

Low

UtahIdahoNevadaArizonaNorth Dakota

444

421

375

338

267

UT

ID

NV

CO

AZ

NY

PA

SC

HI

HI

DC

CT

ND

CT

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical a

nd

Clin

ical L

ab

ora

tory

Technic

ians

40 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 30 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Illinois Louisiana Georgia New Hampshire Virginia

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Connecticut Delaware New Mexico Utah Nevada

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

01

2639

-61

$37

200

$29

230

$30

050

$41

100

$31

550

$38

580

$31

230

$35

840

$37

450

$39

130

293 238 231 219 204

-63

$44

400

$39

050

$33

000

$34

110

$34

300

$37

970

$29

610

$33

810

$23

460

$32

100

Allied Health Roles

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical R

ecord

s a

nd

Health

Info

rmatio

n Te

chnic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 41

Additional Findings

bull In 2002 the American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA) identifi ed educational capacity as a key issue for this occupational group They estimate that 6000 new medical records and health information specialists are needed annually but only 2000 graduate from training programs each year

bull The median age is high at 46 a strong indication of potential retirement replacement problems (American Health Information Management Association 2002)

bull Medical records and health information technicians work primarily in medical and surgical hospitals and offi ces of physicians as well as nursing care facilities and outpatient care centers (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 147000 8974 Average Annual Openings2012 216000

47 Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 766 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 234 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 31 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

6727ndash157105512ndash65334765ndash55012798ndash4614

(Median = 5512)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical R

ecord

s a

nd

Health

Info

rmatio

n Te

chnic

ians

42 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 32 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

AZ

AK

GA

NV

ID

DC

WA

OR

CO

High

ArizonaNevadaIdahoGeorgiaColorado

731

670

628

599

591

Low

PennsylvaniaOregonNew HampshireDistrict of ColumbiaWashington

266

249

245

201

192

High

OregonNew HamshireColoradoWashingtonDistrict of Columbia

517

473

466

436

429

Low

NevadaGeorgiaIdahoArizonaAlaska

189

186

180

164

50

ID

NV

CO

GA

AZ

WA

NH

NH

OR

PA

HI

HI

DC

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical R

ecord

s a

nd

Health

Info

rmatio

n Te

chnic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 43

Figure 33 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

District of Columbia New Jersey Nevada Wisconsin Virginia

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Arizona Alaska Louisiana Hawaii Vermont

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-073479

-60

$35

890

$37

350

$31

170

$28

130

$28

990

$57

980

$43

040

$34

300

$35

240

$39

130

322 305 279 257 236

-64

$34

880

$42

170

$31

230

$36

750

$34

650

$27

200

$31

470

$22

440

$31

100

$28

000

Allied Health Roles

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Occup

atio

nal H

ealth

and

Safe

ty S

pecia

lists

44 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull Reports show there is a growing trend toward advanced degrees for occupational health and safety specialists (Brauer 2004)

bull While there are no cited shortages or high rates of vacancy for this occupation there are indications of layoffs by manufacturing companies due to downsizing and outsourcing of their safety personnel (Adams et al 2004)

bull Occupational health and safety specialists work in a variety of settings including local government institutions residential mental health facilities state government institutions and medical and surgical hospitals (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 41000 1442 Average Annual Openings2012 47000

15 Occupational Health and Safety Specialists Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 377 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 623 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 34 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

1942ndash37651514ndash19331209ndash1495656ndash1167Data not available

(Median = 1505)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

NM

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Occup

atio

nal H

ealth

and

Safe

ty S

pecia

lists

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 45

Figure 35 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

ID

CO

IA

OK

NC

DC

ND

UT

TN

WV

High

NevadaIdahoUtahArizonaCalifornia

290

268

206

205

200

Low

PennsylvaniaConnecticutDistrict of ColumbiaSouth CarolinaWest Virginia

60

58

37

13

07

High

North DakotaTennesseeUtahWest VirginiaConnecticut

1000

1000

1000

857

800

Low

IdahoIowaNorth CarolinaOklahomaColorado

500

500

500

500

440

ID

NV

UTCA

AZ

PA

SC

WV

HI

HI

DC

CT

CT

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Occup

atio

nal H

ealth

and

Safe

ty S

pecia

lists

46 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 36 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Mississippi Arkansas District of Columbia Illinois Wisconsin

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

North Dakota Utah Alabama Alaska Oklahoma

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$48

580

$48

460

$76

790

$63

010

$51

570

$28

630

$29

560

$57

980

$38

580

$35

240

492 452 429 426 421

-12

1276

-36 -40

$30

620

$34

110

$31

940

$42

170

$31

150

$48

760

$52

760

$47

860

$69

920

$48

950

Allied Health Roles

Pharmacy Technicians

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Pharm

acy Te

chnic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 47

Additional Findings

bull Since its inception in 1995 the Pharmacy Technician Certifi cation Board (PTCB) has certifi ed 231745 pharmacy technicians (2005)

bull Unlike most other frontline occupations pharmacy technicians work primarily in retail settings such as health and personal care stores and grocery stores while others work in medical and surgical hospitals (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 211000 8819 Average Annual Openings2012 271000

28 Pharmacy Technicians Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 688 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 312 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 37 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

8297ndash101047614ndash81336469ndash75674407ndash6245

(Median = 7614)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Pharm

acy Te

chnic

ians

48 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 38 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

CO

WA

OR

DC

UT

ID

NV

AZ

High

NevadaAlaskaUtahColoradoIdaho

624

583

554

515

506

Low

PennsylvaniaNew YorkWashingtonRhode IslandDistrict of Columbia

191

190

179

179

50

High

District of ColumbiaMassachusettsOregonColoradoWashington

750

519

505

467

423

Low

IdahoArizonaNevadaUtahWyoming

217

207

176

167

00

ID

NV

AK

UTCO

PA

NY

WA

HI

HI

DC

RI

MA

WY

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Pharm

acy Te

chnic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 49

Figure 39 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

District of Columbia Connecticut Alabama Arizona Maine

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Kentucky Pennsylvania California Vermont Delaware

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

102 99 79 76 67

$32

170

$35

970

$41

980

$34

650

$39

050

$22

030

$21

300

$33

090

$22

760

$20

270

$31

190

$28

000

$21

520

$26

350

$23

870

$57

980

$44

400

$31

940

$34

880

$33

480

320 272 259 253 251

Allied Health Roles

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Rad

iolo

gic

Technolo

gis

ts a

nd

Technic

ians

50 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull According to a 2003 report by the American Society of Radiologic Technologists in addition to an aging workforce the fi eld of radiologic technology has fewer people entering the profession as it competes with careers that are perceived to be more rewarding and less stressful

bull One of the priorities of the American Society of Radiologic Technologists (2004) is passage of the Consumer Assurance of Radiologic Excellence (CARE) Act which has garnered support in Congress to establish nationwide educational and credentialing standards for medical imaging and radiation therapy personnel

bull A majority of radiologic technologists and technicians work in either medical and surgical hospitals or offi ces of physicians while others work in medical and diagnostic laboratories (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 174000 7246 Average Annual Openings2012 214000

48 Radiologic Technologists and Technicians Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 551 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 449 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 40 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

7246ndash104546299ndash71895262ndash62634116ndash5208

(Median = 6299)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Rad

iolo

gic

Technolo

gis

ts a

nd

Technic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 51

Figure 41 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due toReplacement Need

SC

PA

KY

IL

DC

AK

ID

NV

AZ

High

ArizonaIdahoNevadaUtahColorado

507

460

416

392

364

Low

KentuckyIllinoisSouth CarolinaPennsylvaniaDistrict of Columbia

122

122

70

64

26

High

District of ColumbiaSouth CarolinaPennsylvaniaIllinoisKentucky

833

750

743

608

604

Low

NevadaIdahoArizonaAlaskaWyoming

304

294

270

100

00

ID

NV

UT

AZ

CO

PA

SC

IL

KY

HI

HI

DC

WY

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Rad

iolo

gic

Technolo

gis

ts a

nd

Technic

ians

52 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 42 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Missouri Maine Massachusetts Montana Louisiana

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

South Carolina Alabama Delaware North Dakota Tennessee

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$54

220

$45

960

$57

070

$41

150

$41

210

$34

460

$33

480

$45

290

$29

880

$31

230

606 363 353 352 325

152 143 54 37

-07

-07

$31

940

$31

940

$39

050

$30

620

$32

730

$42

650

$38

650

$42

260

$35

880

$41

260

Allied Health Roles

Respiratory Therapy Technicians

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Resp

irato

ry T

hera

py Te

chnic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 53

Additional Findings

bull The vacancy rate for respiratory care professionals in hospitals increased from 596 percent in 2000 to 865 percent in 2005 This translates to approximately 11695 vacant full-time positions in 2005 (American Association for Respiratory Care 2006)

bull Respiratory therapy technicians work closely with respiratory therapists and almost exclusively in medical and surgical hospitals with a small percentage working in offi ces of physicians or other health practitioners (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 25000 1249 Average Annual Openings2012 35000

40 Respiratory Therapy Technicians Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 725 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 275 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 43 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

1287ndash2977965ndash1245665ndash937272ndash647Data not available

(Median = 965)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VT

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

WY

SDNH

ND

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Resp

irato

ry T

hera

py Te

chnic

ians

54 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 44 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

OR

CO

IA PA

DC

UT

ID

NV

AZ

MS

High

AlaskaColoradoIdahoNevadaUtah

731

579

578

533

533

Low

WashingtonSouth CarolinaAlabamaPennsylvaniaDistrict of Columbia

182

179

167

164

161

High

OregonIowaColoradoMassachusettsPennsylvania

550

500

476

472

455

Low

MissisippiIdahoArizonaNevadaUtah

214

211

155

100

00

ID

NV

AK

UTCO

PA

SC

AL

NY

WA

HI

HI

DC

MA

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Resp

irato

ry T

hera

py Te

chnic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 55

Figure 45 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Idaho Colorado Maine Illinois Pennsylvania

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

South Carolina District of Columbia Montana Maryland Wyoming

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$41

140

$39

460

$40

080

$38

420

$38

740

$32

770

$39

820

$33

480

$38

580

$35

970

513 419 343 338 300

-06 -06 -78 -117 -141

$31

940

$57

980

$29

880

$41

360

$32

510

$35

150

$36

960

$31

520

$51

860

$31

010

Allied Health Roles

Surgical Technologists

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Surg

ical Te

chnolo

gis

ts

56 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull According to the Association of Surgical Technologists in 2006 many employers prefer to hire graduates from two-year associate degree programs accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP)

bull The Association of Surgical Technologists has developed recommended Clinical Ladders to provide a long-term occupational strategy to decrease attrition increase skill levels and enhance quality patient surgical care (2006)

bull A vast majority of surgical technologists work in medical and surgical hospitals while others work in offi ces of physicians or dentists (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 72000 2959 Average Annual Openings2012 92000

28 Surgical Technologists Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 682 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 318 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 46 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

3143ndash53312591ndash31242090ndash24941202ndash2081Data not available

(Median = 2591)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

WY

SDNH

VT

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Surg

ical Te

chnolo

gis

ts

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 57

Figure 47 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

OR

AK

SC

PA

DC

NHID

NV

AZ

MS

High

ArizonaColoradoNevadaIdahoUtah

637

500

492

477

472

Low

New YorkWyomingPennsylvaniaSouth CarolinaDistrict of Columbia

187

167

115

114

63

High

District of ColumbiaAlaskaSouth CarolinaOregonPennsylvania

667

600

575

533

529

Low

MissisippiNew HampshireIdahoNevadaArizona

245

231

214

200

167

ID

NV

AZ

UTCO

PA

SC

NY

WY

HI

HI

DC

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Surg

ical Te

chnolo

gis

ts

58 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 48 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Wisconsin Georgia Maine Montana Arizona

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Oklahoma District of Columbia Utah Hawaii Idaho

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$39

700

$31

320

$34

670

$37

240

$40

830

$35

240

$35

840

$33

480

$29

880

$34

880

322 307 304 297 287

-03 -13

77 66 38$31

150

$57

980

$34

110

$36

750

$32

770

$28

500

$35

390

$29

570

$34

270

$35

910

Health Educators Health educators

Public health advisors

Public health analysts

Public health educators

Public health instructors

Public health representatives

Public health specialists

Public health technologists

Medical and Public Health Social Workers

Bereavement counselors

Geriatric social workers

Group social workers

Health care social workers

Home health care social workers

Hospice social workers

Hospital social workers

Long term care social workers

Medical case workers

Medical social consultants

Medical social workers

Neonatal social workers

Nephrology social workers

Nursing home social workers

Older adult social work specialists

Oncology social workers

Outreach and education social workers

Pediatric social workers

Perinatal social workers

Public health social workers

Public welfare workers

Renal social workers

Social and Human Service Assistants

Aides welfare

Assistants clinical

Assistants human services

Assistants social services

Boyrsquos advisors counselors or workers

Case aides

Case work aides

Childrenrsquos aides

Clerical aides

Clinical social work aides

Community aides

Community coordinators

Community development aides

Community development workers

Community organization aides

Community service workers

Counseling aides

Family service aides

Field representatives

Field workers

Group workers

Head workers

Home visitors

House visitors

Human services workers

Management aides

Neighborhood aides

Neighborhood coordinators

Neighborhood workers

Promotores

Outreach workers

Red cross workers

Service aides

Social contact workers

Social service workers

Technicians human service

Travelersrsquo aid workers

Visitors

Welfare service aides

Welfare visitors

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 59

Community and Public Health Roles Frontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles

Community and Public Health Roles

Health Educators

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Health

Ed

ucato

rs

60 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull The average age of the total public health workforce of which health educators are a key element is estimated at 47 indicating a looming retirement problem (Mahan and Malecki 2004)

bull The health educator occupational group is noted for persistent shortages and cited as a top priority within the public health infrastructure (Northwest Center for Public Health Practice University of Washington 2002)

bull Health educators work in a variety of settings including medical and surgical hospitals local government institutions individual and family services and state government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 45000 1759 Average Annual Openings2012 54000

20 Health Educators Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 554 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 446 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 49 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

2048ndash66941482ndash20111041ndash14211414ndash1019Data not available

(Median = 1482)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

WY

SDNH

VT

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Health

Ed

ucato

rs

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 61

Figure 50 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

MINY

WV DC

NV

SD

NC

AL

High

UtahNevadaColoradoArizonaFlorida

464

450

333

315

298

Low

New YorkRhode IslandMichiganSouth CarolinaDistrict of Columbia

115

112

89

59

24

High

District of ColumbiaMichiganRhode IslandWest VirginiaNew York

875

667

667

667

600

Low

AlabamaNorth CarolinaSouth DakotaConnecticutNevada

333

333

333

300

100

FL

NV

AZ

UTCO

MI

SC

NY

HI

HI

DC

RI

RICT

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Health

Ed

ucato

rs

62 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 51 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Tennessee Connecticut Oregon New Hampshire Georgia

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

New Jersey Nevada Mississippi West Virgina Arizona

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$53

100

$49

190

$44

400

$42

320

$50

460

$32

730

$44

400

$36

980

$37

450

$35

840

743 375 357 311 311

-123 -126

01

-19-41

$43

040

$34

300

$28

630

$30

470

$34

880

$46

310

$41

380

$34

470

$25

140

$39

650

Community and Public Health Roles

Medical and Public Health Social Workers

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical a

nd

Pub

lic H

ealth

Socia

l Work

ers

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 63

Additional Findings

bull A national study indicates that 80 of the licensed social worker respondents held a masterrsquos degree in social work 12 reported a bachelorrsquos as their highest attained social work degree (National Association of Social Workers 2005)

bull The same study showed that nearly 62 of the licensed social work profession is over age 45 and 12 report plans to leave the workforce in the next 2 years (National Association of Social Workers 2005)

bull Medical and public health social workers work primarily in medical and surgical hospitals along with individual and family services nursing care facilities local government institutions and home health care services (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 107000 4906 Average Annual Openings2012 138000

29 Medical and Public Health Social Workers Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 626 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 374 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 52 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

4736ndash92583504ndash47292781ndash34911620ndash2746

(Median = 3504)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical a

nd

Pub

lic H

ealth

Socia

l Work

ers

64 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 53 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

WA

AK

AL

PA

DC

ID

UT

AZ

KS

High

ArizonaIdahoNevadaUtahNew Hampshire

551

489

453

452

450

Low

WashingtonNebraskaAlabamaPennsylvaniaDistrict of Columbia

196

196

161

149

50

High

District of ColumbiaWyomingPennsylvaniaAlabamaWashington

727

600

535

526

469

Low

IdahoUtahKansasArizonaAlaska

273

250

238

235

100

ID

NV

AZ

UT

NH

PANE

AL

WA

HI

HI

DC

WY

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical a

nd

Pub

lic H

ealth

Socia

l Work

ers

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 65

Figure 54 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Tennessee Delaware Nebraska Hawaii Illinois

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Alabama North Carolina Missouri South Carolina Mississippi

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$44

490

$47

620

$36

710

$54

710

$39

680

$32

730

$39

050

$33

060

$36

750

$38

580

445 410 367 361 346

69 6429

-23 -72

$31

940

$34

120

$34

460

$31

940

$28

630

$32

980

$38

520

$36

970

$33

760

$31

770

Community and Public Health Roles

Social and Human Services Assistants

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Socia

l and

Hum

an S

erv

ices A

ssis

tants

66 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull There is a growing awareness that social and human services assistants are very effective at linking different communities and agencies and can be powerful change agents (Keane et al 2004)

bull Estimated turnover among social and human services assistants is high especially for those without formal academic preparation Some studies cite annual attrition rates as high as 77 (Bhattacharyya et al 2001)

bull Social and human services assistants work in a variety of settings including individual and family services state government institutions local government institutions and residential mental health facilities (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 305000 20245 Average Annual Openings2012 454000

49 Social and Human Services Assistants Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 735 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 265 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 55 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

18933ndash4563912705ndash182137872ndash115593311ndash7803

(Median = 12705)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Socia

l and

Hum

an S

erv

ices A

ssis

tants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 67

Figure 56 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

WA

ND

OR

DC

IDSD

UT

AZ

NV

High

IdahoNevadaArizonaUtahMaine

767

708

644

636

630

Low

MississippiNorth DakotaDistrict of ColumbiaWashingtonOregon

285

257

237

196

154

High

OregonWashingtonColoradoDistrict of ColumbiaNorth Dakota

520

489

463

430

414

Low

South DakotaArizonaNevadaUtahIdaho

217

216

206

206

187

ID

NV

AZ

UT

MEND

MS

WA

OR

HI

HI

DC

CO

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Socia

l and

Hum

an S

erv

ices A

ssis

tants

68 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 57 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Louisiana Connecticut Michigan Arizona Massachusetts

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

North Dakota Iowa Tennessee Washington Texas

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$28

750

$37

220

$31

740

$29

050

$30

060

$31

230

$44

400

$39

590

$34

880

$45

290

597 300 294 265 199

33 32 20

-39 -184

$30

620

$31

990

$32

730

$40

860

$35

310

$21

490

$24

320

$24

920

$23

690

$18

450

Home Health Aides Home attendants

Home health aides

Nursersquos companions

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Aides ns

Assistants ns

Assistants certifi ed nursing

Assistants nurse

Assistants nursing

Assistants operating room

Attendant nurses

Baby nurses

Birth attendants

CNA (certifi ed nursing assistants)

CNA activity ns

CNA with medical or nursing

Cart attendants

Doulas

First aid attendants

First aid nurses

Gericare aides

Health aides

Health care aides

Helpers ns

Helpers ward

Hospice aides

Hospice entrance attendants

Hospital aides

Hospital attendants

Hospital corpsmen

Hospital orderlies

Infi rmary attendants

Institutional aides

Medical aides

Medical attendants

Medication aides

Midwives

New patient escorts

Nurses other specifi ed or ns

less than high school diploma

Nurse sitters

Nursersquos aides

Nursery attendants

Nursing aides

Operating room orderlies

Orderlies

Patient care excluding nursing

Patient escorts

Patient sitters

Patient sitters cleaning

Patient transporters

Student nurses

Surgical aides

Teacher orderlies

Technicians aides

Technicians certifi ed medication

Technicians nurse less than associate

degree

Technicians nursery

Trained attendants

Transporters

Ward aides

Ward attendants

Personal and Home Care AidesAides ns

Blind aides

Blind escorts

Caregivers

Caretakers family member

Companions

Convalescent sitters

Direct care staffers

Geriatric aides

Guardian family members

Home care aides

Homemakers

Nutrition aides

Personal attendants

Sitters excluding animal or child care

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 69

Long-Term Care RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles

ns = not specifi ed

Additional Findings

bull Within the frontline workforce as presented in this chartbook long-term care employees (of which home health aides are a subset) comprise the largest percentage of ethnic minority workers with half identifi ed as an ethnic minority 35 African American and 13 Latino (Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Population Survey 2005)

bull While turnover of long-term-care workers has been understood to be a serious problem only a few studies have thoroughly identifi ed the actual per worker costs of turnover with some researchers indicating further studies are needed to better inform and address turnover issues (Seavey 2004)

bull Home health aides work primarily in home health care services residential mental health facilities community care facilities for the elderly and individual and family services (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Long-term Care Roles

Home Health Aides

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 580000 35497 Average Annual Openings2012 859000

48 Home Health Aides Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 786 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 214 Replacements

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Hom

e H

ealth

Aid

es

70 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 58 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

22152ndash5917718257ndash2208212701ndash179266526ndash12368Data not available

(Median = 18091)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

CO

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Hom

e H

ealth

Aid

es

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 71

Figure 59 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

KS

UT

ID

AZ

MN

ND

DC

SC

High

ArizonaUtahIdahoGeorgiaMaryland

690

688

631

528

518

Low

NebraskaOregonNorth DakotaWashingtonConnecticut

266

239

229

213

189

High

ConnecticutWashingtonNorth DakotaOregonWyoming

416

402

367

367

367

Low

KansasUtahIdahoArizonaRhode Island

200

176

173

159

26

ID

UT

AZ

GA

ND

WA

OR

MD

CT

HI

HI

DC

NE

CTRIWY

WA

OR

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Hom

e H

ealth

Aid

es

72 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 60 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

$22

490

$19

260

$17

800

$20

110

$21

500

$36

750

$30

620

$29

560

$29

080

$34

300

348 221 220 220 213

-46 -102 -114 -148 -152

Hawaii North Dakota Arkansas South Dakota Nevada

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

$44

400

$35

310

$31

230

$39

820

$28

630

Connecticut Texas Louisiana Colorado Mississippi

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$25

320

$14

680

$16

400

$19

600

$16

170

Additional Findings

bull Some studies estimate over 25 of certifi ed nursing assistants (CNAs) in nursing homes have no health insurance compared with 16 of all US workers (General Accounting Offi ce 2001)

bull Nursing aides orderlies and attendants work primarily in nursing care facilities and also may work in medical and surgical hospitals and community care facilities for the elderly (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Long-term Care Roles

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 1375000 52299 Average Annual Openings2012 1718000

25 Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 655 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 345 Replacements

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Nurs

ing A

ides O

rderlie

s a

nd

Atte

nd

ants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 73

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 61 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

65204ndash9321651946ndash6457241418ndash5116226080ndash40279

(Median = 51946)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Nurs

ing A

ides O

rderlie

s a

nd

Atte

nd

ants

74 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 62 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

NV

UT

ID

AZ

MN

NY

DC

SC

High

ArizonaNevadaIdahoUtahHawaii

502

454

451

417

344

Low

New YorkMinnesotaConnecticutDistrict of ColumbiaSouth Carolina

146

145

93

58

40

High

South CarolinaDistrict of ColumbiaConnecticutNew YorkMinnesota

799

695

585

475

475

Low

HawaiiUtahIdahoNevadaArizona

250

239

225

224

207

NV

ID

UT

AZ

MN

NY

CT

HI

HI

DC

SC

CT

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Nurs

ing A

ides O

rderlie

s a

nd

Atte

nd

ants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 75

Figure 63 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

$20

920

$23

910

$21

130

$20

210

$18

750

$32

510

$41

980

$33

780

$30

620

$35

310

233 205 194 194 190

101 98 92 83 66

Wyoming California Kansas North Dakota Texas

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

$31

940

$28

630

$44

400

$36

980

$43

040

South Carolina Mississippi Connecticut Oregon New Jersey

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$18

830

$16

590

$27

110

$22

560

$24

070

Long-term Care Roles

Personal and Home Care Aides

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Pers

onal a

nd

Hom

e C

are

Aid

es

76 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull A national study found that a ldquogray marketrdquo exists within the long-term-care workforce (workers hired directly by individuals and families who are not counted in most formal surveys) as up to 29 of workers providing long-term-care assistance to the Medicare population in the home are self-employed (Leon and Franco 1998)

bull A report indicates that 40ndash45 of home care aides lack health insurance (Lipson and Regan 2004)

bull Personal and home care aides work in a variety of settings including home health care services individual and family services and residential mental health facilities (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 608000 34327 Average Annual Openings2012 854000

41 Personal and Home Care Aides Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 716 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 284 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 64 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

24377ndash4697716307ndash2345211381ndash159584379ndash11357Data not available

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

OR

WA

(Median = 16307)

ID

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Pers

onal a

nd

Hom

e C

are

Aid

es

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 77

Figure 65 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

WA

ND

NE

CO

OR

DC

NVUT

NM

High

UtahNevadaMaineNew MexicoMinnesota

637

563

546

533

519

Low

District of ColumbiaMichiganOregonNebraskaNorth Dakota

225

224

214

181

157

High

North DakotaColoradoNebraskaOregonWashington

507

464

462

450

432

Low

MinnesotaMaineNew MexicoNevadaUtah

236

227

226

220

176

ME

NV

NM

MN

UT

MI

ND

NE

OR

HI

HI

DC

ME

MN

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Pers

onal a

nd

Hom

e C

are

Aid

es

78 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 66 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Delaware District of Columbia California Vermont Wyoming

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

South Dakota Mississippi Connecticut Tennessee Nevada

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$19

790

$21

630

$21

100

$19

760

$17

280

$39

050

$57

980

$41

980

$34

650

$32

510

321 314 263 198 197

24

-15 -21 -29 -35

$29

080

$28

630

$44

400

$32

730

$34

300

$17

300

$14

190

$20

870

$16

250

$17

670

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 79

Mental Health CounselorsClinical mental health counselors

Mental health counselors

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Alcoholism workers

Clinical social workers

Community mental health workers

Drug abuse workers

Marriage and family social workers

Private practice social workers

Psychiatric social workers

Psychotherapist social workers

Supervisors social work

Psychiatric Aides Charge aides

Charge attendants

Mental health aides

Mental retardation aides

Neuropsychiatric aides

Psychiatric aides

Psychiatric attendants

Psychiatric orderlies

Psychiatric Technicians Technicians mental health

Technicians psychiatric

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Addiction counselors

Alcoholic counselors

Certifi ed abuse and drug addiction

counselors

Certifi ed alcohol and drug counselors

Certifi ed alcohol counselors

Certifi ed drug counselors

Certifi ed substance abuse counselors

Chemical dependency counselors

Drug abuse counselors

Drug and alcohol testers

Drug counselors

Human relations counselors drug or

alcohol abuse

Substance abuse counselors

Technicians drug abuse

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles Frontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles

Mental Health Counselors

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Menta

l Health

Counselo

rs

80 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull More than 60 of rural Americans live in designated mental health professional shortage areas (Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education Mental Health Program 2004)

bull Mental health counselors work in a variety of settings including outpatient care centers individual and family services and local government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 85000 4198 Average Annual Openings2012 107000

26 Mental Health Counselors Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 538 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 462 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 67 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

4624ndash143452642ndash46131992ndash2614617ndash1985Data not available

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

(Median = 2642)

SC

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Menta

l Health

Counselo

rs

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 81

Figure 68 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

MI

DC

AZ

UT

MO

ID

IL

NC

AL

High

MarylandMissouriArizonaIdahoSouth Dakota

458

453

448

411

383

Low

MassachusettsDistrict of ColumbiaMichiganIllinoisLouisiana

141

117

90

90

60

High

HawaiiLouisianaIllinoisMichiganWyoming

1000

750

720

719

700

Low

ArizonaIdahoUtahMarylandMissouri

340

333

333

328

314

AZ

ID

MI

IL

LA

SD

MO

HI

HI

DCMD

MA

MD

LA

WY

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Menta

l Health

Counselo

rs

82 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 69 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Idaho Iowa West Virginia Mississippi South Carolina

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Colorado Nebraska Wisconsin Nevada Utah

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$68

270

$40

620

$34

500

$36

630

$36

720

$32

770

$31

990

$30

470

$28

630

$31

940

1094 862 599 484 426

51

-01-30

-63 -130

$39

820

$33

060

$35

240

$34

300

$34

110

$35

680

$34

230

$45

110

$40

150

$29

120

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Menta

l Health

and

Sub

sta

nce A

buse S

ocia

l Work

ers

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 83

Additional Findings

bull There is an observed potential disconnect particularly in California between the social work services offered and the needs of a population that is culturally diverse and aging (McRee et al 2003)

bull Making mental health and substance abuse care available in rural areas is increasingly important although recruiting to rural areas is particularly diffi cult due to professional isolation lower salaries and limited career opportunities for spouses (Kimerling 2002)

bull Mental health and substance abuse social workers work in a variety of settings including individual and family services outpatient care centers residential mental health facilities local government institutions and psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 95000 4901 Average Annual Openings2012 128000

35 Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 668 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 332 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 70 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

5102ndash105953525ndash44562312ndash3501722ndash2273

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

(Median = 3513)

SC

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Menta

l Health

and

Sub

sta

nce A

buse S

ocia

l Work

ers

84 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 71 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

DC

NV

GA

AR

KS

High

GeorgiaIdahoSouth DakotaNew MexicoArkansas

600

567

467

463

459

Low

District of ColumbiaWashingtonWest VirginiaNorth DakotaLouisiana

152

150

132

123

107

High

North DakotaLouisianaWest VirginiaWashingtonDistrict of Columbia

600

567

548

547

500

Low

ArkansasKansasMassachusettsGeorgiaNevada

267

254

250

233

00

NM

ID

ND

WA

LA

SD

AR

GA

HI

HI

DCWV

MA

LA

WV

ND

WA

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Menta

l Health

and

Sub

sta

nce A

buse S

ocia

l Work

ers

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 85

Figure 72 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Nevada Arizona Kansas Utah West Virginia

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

New Mexico Virginia Alaska Georgia Wyoming

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$54

070

$34

450

$36

450

$40

190

$23

400

$34

300

$34

880

$33

780

$34

110

$30

470

472 378 282 277 261

-56-44 -102 -142 -264

$33

000

$39

130

$42

170

$35

840

$32

510

$32

290

$39

160

$31

960

$33

200

$25

190

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles

Psychiatric Aides

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Psychia

tric A

ides

86 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull There is often very little formal training required for psychiatric aides although many do take part in informal on-the-job training and instruction lasting from several days to several months (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

bull Psychiatric aides work primarily in psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals residential mental health facilities and medical and surgical hospitals (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 59000 1636 Average Annual Openings2012 68000

15 Psychiatric Aides Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 526 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 474 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 73 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

2888ndash145032002ndash28461306ndash1920249ndash1159Data not available

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

VAKY

WI

MI

ILOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

(Median = 2002)

SC

CO

IA

IN

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Psychia

tric A

ides

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 87

Figure 74 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

MI

KY

LA

NY

PA

DC

AZAR

WI

High

ArizonaUtahArkansasNevadaIdaho

517

372

370

350

319

Low

ConnecticutKentuckyDelawareMichiganLouisiana

32

18

00

00

00

High

LouisianaMichiganKentuckyNew YorkPennsylvania

1000

1000

833

778

755

Low

ArkansasWisconsinArizonaConnecticutDelaware

250

250

211

00

00

NV

AZ AR

ID

UT

MI

KY

LA

HI

HI

DC

DE

CT

CT

DE

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Psychia

tric A

ides

88 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 75 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Maine West Virginia Louisiana Alaska Massachusetts

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Virginia Michigan Tennessee Florida Ohio

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$27

710

$18

610

$19

600

$33

850

$27

960

$33

480

$30

470

$31

230

$42

170

$45

290

260 224 208 202 202

-72-59 -79 -100 -280

$39

130

$39

590

$32

730

$33

750

$35

910

$21

770

$25

780

$20

180

$19

780

$20

210

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles

Psychiatric Technicians

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Psychia

tric Te

chnic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 89

Additional Findings

bull As of 2004 only four states (California Colorado Kansas and Arkansas) license psychiatric technicians (California Association of Psychiatric Technicians 2004)

bull Psychiatric technicians work primarily in psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals state government institutions and medical and surgical hospitals (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 60000 1134 Average Annual Openings2012 63000

5 Psychiatric Technicians Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 312 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 688 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 76 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

2381ndash90501675ndash2334933ndash1634229ndash921Data not available

CA

AK

HI

UT

AZ

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

VAKY

WI

MI

ILOH

VT

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

(Median = 1654)

SC

CO

IA

INNV

NM

MO

NH

WY

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Psychia

tric Te

chnic

ians

90 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 77 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

MI

KY

LA

IL

DC

AZ

GA

NC

UT

MT

High

ArizonaNorth CarolinaMontanaNew JerseyMinnesota

451

398

377

375

330

Low

MichiganIllinoisNebraskaDistrict of ColumbiaKentucky

00

00

00

00

00

High

District of ColumbiaIllinoisKentuckyLouisianaMichigan

1000

1000

1000

1000

1000

Low

UtahGeorgiaNorth CarolinaMontanaArizona

333

300

267

250

219

AZ

NC

MTMN

MI

KY

IL

NE

HI

HI

DC

NJ

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Psychia

tric Te

chnic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 91

Figure 78 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Idaho New Mexico Arizona Iowa Texas

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Virginia New Jersey Mississippi Minnesota Oklahoma

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$27

250

$24

080

$28

410

$26

140

$23

540

$32

770

$33

000

$34

880

$31

990

$35

310

430 407 376 359 321

07

-01 -04 -10 -68

$39

130

$43

040

$28

630

$39

840

$31

150

$22

870

$33

690

$19

790

$28

000

$23

400

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Sub

sta

nce A

buse a

nd

Behavio

ral D

isord

er C

ounselo

rs

92 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull It is estimated that more than half of substance abuse treatment professionals are female although 68 of the client population is male Similarly 85 of substance abuse treatment professionals are white compared with a client base that is only 56 white (Mulvey Hubbard and Hayashi 2003)

bull A study of directors and key staff from 175 drug and alcohol treatment programs found particularly high levels of staff turnover among counselors and upper management positions such as program directors (McLellan Carise and Kleber 2003)

bull Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors work in a variety of settings including outpatient care centers residential mental health facilities individual and family services and local government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 67000 3095 Average Annual Openings2012 83000

24 Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 504 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 496 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 79 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

3511ndash131062184ndash34471797ndash2183920ndash1774

(Median = 2184)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Sub

sta

nce A

buse a

nd

Behavio

ral D

isord

er C

ounselo

rs

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 93

Figure 80 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

High

ArizonaUtahKansasNevadaArkansas

400

400

393

360

345

Low

South CarolinaLouisianaDistrict of ColumbiaMichiganNorth Dakota

89

85

82

76

48

High

North DakotaWest VirginiaMichiganLouisianaDistrict of Columbia

857

800

771

750

739

Low

WisconsinCaliforniaArizonaKansasUtah

400

373

361

353

333

NV

UT

AZ

KS

ND

AR

LA

MI

DC

SC

CA UT

AZ

KS

ND

WI

LA

MI

DC

SC

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Sub

sta

nce A

buse a

nd

Behavio

ral D

isord

er C

ounselo

rs

94 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 81 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

$38

880

$42

630

$31

740

$39

160

$47

450

$37

450

$34

880

$31

150

$34

300

$43

040

775 584 525 509 399

New Hampshire Arizona Oklahoma Nevada New Jersey

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

$34

110

$39

050

$34

650

$35

240

$36

750

Utah Delaware Vermont Wisconsin Hawaii

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

09 -52 -87 -138-26

$35

400

$32

910

$38

220

$37

930

$34

510

Child Family and School Social Workers

Adoption agents

Adoption workers

Child abuse workers

Child and family services workers

Child consultants

Child development consultants

Child welfare consultants

Child welfare workers

Childrenrsquos counselors

Family preservation workers

Foster care workers

Juvenile officers

Protective services social workers

School social workers

Dental Assistants Aides ns

Assistants dental

Assistants dentist excluding clerical

Assistants orthodontist

Attendants ns

Dental aides

Dentist attendants

Helpers dentist

Dietetic Technicians Technicians dietary

Technicians dietetic

Technicians food service

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

LP nurses

LPN (licensed practical nurses)

LVN (licensed vocational nurses)

Licensed attendants

Licensed practical nurses

Licensed vocational nurses

Maternity nurses

Nurses other specified or ns

high school diploma or some college

and no degree

Nurses LPN

Nurses practical

Practical nurses

Private duty nurses practical

TPN (trained practical nurses)

Trained practical nurses

Vocational nurses

Medical TranscriptionistsMedical stenographers

Medical transcribers

Medical transcriptionists

Occupational Therapist AssistantsAssistants occupational therapy

Occupational therapy ns

associate degree

Technicians occupational therapy

Pharmacy Aides Assistants dispensary

Assistants pharmacist

Assistants pharmacy

Dispensary attendants

Drug clerks

Helpers pharmacist

Helpers pharmacy

Pharmacistrsquos aides

Pharmacy clerks

Prescription clerks

Physical Therapist AidesPhysical therapy ns

less than associate degree

Physical therapy aides

Physical therapy attendants

Physiotherapy aides

Physical Therapist AssistantsAssistants physical therapisttherapy

Physical therapy ns associate degree

Technicians physical therapy

Recreational Therapists Activity therapists

Recreational therapists

Therapeutic recreation specialists

Rehabilitation Counselors Coordinators of rehabilitation services

Directors of rehabilitation

Homemaking rehabilitation consultants

Psychosocial rehabilitation counselors

Rehabilitation counselors

Residence counselors

Veterans rehabilitation counselors

Occupatio

nal P

rofi

les

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profile of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 95

Other Frontline Occupational RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles

ns = not specified

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Child

Fam

ily a

nd

School S

ocia

l Work

ers

96 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Child Family and School Social Workers

Additional Findings

bull The estimated annual turnover rate among child social workers employed in private child-serving agencies (eg group homes residential treatment centers and home-based counseling programs) is reported to be as high as 40 (Annie E Casey Foundation 2004)

bull School social workers make up only 5 of the total social worker profession and tend to be professionalized as their own subgroup of social workers (National Association of Social Workers 2004)

bull Child family and school social workers work in a variety of settings including state government institutions local government institutions individual and family services and elementary and secondary schools (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 274000 11057 Average Annual Openings2012 338000

23 Child Family and School Social Workers Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 575 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 425 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 82 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

12717ndash2233110323ndash126377335ndash102381936ndash7117

(Median = 10280)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Child

Fam

ily a

nd

School S

ocia

l Work

ers

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 97

Figure 83 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

MI

LA

OK

DC

NV

ID

KS

UT

High

NevadaIdahoUtahNew MexicoArizona

411

381

353

313

303

Low

IllinoisOklahomaLouisianaDistrict of ColumbiaMichigan

122

107

102

83

66

High

MichiganDistrict of ColumbiaLouisianaOklahomaHawaii

719

679

620

613

600

Low

UtahKansasNevadaIdahoWyoming

333

326

290

286

100

AZNM

ID

UTNV

MI

IL

OK

LA

HI

HI

DC

WY

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Child

Fam

ily a

nd

School S

ocia

l Work

ers

98 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 84 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Wyoming Montana Massachusetts New Hampshire North Dakota

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Mississippi District of Columbia Oregon New Mexico Idaho

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$33

800

$32

640

$45

800

$38

870

$38

010

$32

510

$29

880

$45

290

$37

450

$30

620

423 365 317 260 259

41 3715

-68 -167

$28

630

$57

980

$36

980

$33

000

$32

770

$29

380

$37

870

$35

710

$28

850

$32

340

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Dental Assistants

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Denta

l Assis

tants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 99

Additional Findings

bull Currently there are no national guidelines governing dental assistant practice in the United States though dental assistants may become certifi ed through passing the Certifi ed Dental Assistant examination (American Dental Assistants Association 2005)

bull Dental assistants can be trained through a variety of sources including accredited programs non-accredited postsecondary programs in-offi ce training courses state dental board approved courses and on-the-job training (American Dental Assistants Association 2005)

bull Dental assistants work almost exclusively in offi ces of dentists while a very small percentage work in physiciansrsquo offi ces or a federal government institution (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004))

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 266000 18735 Average Annual Openings2012 379000

43 Dental Assistants Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 603 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 397 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 85 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

10197ndash147439288ndash101797939ndash92313479ndash7696Data not available

(Median = 9260)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Denta

l Assis

tants

100 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 86 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

MI

NE

WA

DCCA

AZ

ID

KS

High

ArizonaGeorgiaCaliforniaIdahoTennessee

700

607

571

569

563

Low

IllinoisHawaiiWashingtonNebraskaConnecticut

243

230

218

218

165

High

ConnecticutHawaiiWashingtonNebraskaMichigan

620

600

580

556

537

Low

CaliforniaIdahoArizonaKansasWyoming

328

327

286

286

200

AZ

CA

TN

GA

ID

IL

WA

NE

HI

HI

DC

CT

WY CT

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Denta

l Assis

tants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 101

Figure 87 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

New Hampshire Arizona South Dakota West Virginia Maryland

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Texas Washington Idaho Alaska District of Columbia

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$35

540

$32

080

$26

360

$26

070

$32

050

$37

450

$34

880

$29

080

$30

470

$41

360

545 409 395 363 291

17 09

-06 -59 -75

$35

310

$40

860

$32

770

$42

170

$57

980

$27

550

$32

670

$29

050

$34

240

$36

930

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Dietetic Technicians

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Die

tetic

Technic

ians

102 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull Each state varies in its regulation of dietetic technicians through licensure statutory certifi cation or registration (Commission on Dietetic Registration 2006)

bull A majority of dietetic technicians work in medical and surgical hospitals or nursing care facilities while others work in community care facilities for the elderly (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 29000 969 Average Annual Openings2012 35000

21 Dietetic Technicians Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 608 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 392 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 88 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

1285ndash3707983ndash1248686ndash975199ndash679Data not available

(Median = 979)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

NH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

SD

VT

WY

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Die

tetic

Technic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 103

Figure 89 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

SC

WV

LA

DC

UT

AZ

MS

FL

NC

High

ArizonaIdahoNevadaUtahNew Mexico

489

434

400

391

353

Low

OhioSouth CarolinaMarylandWest VirginiaDistrict of Columbia

119

114

107

57

16

High

District of ColumbiaNew JerseyWest VirginiaLouisianaSouth Carolina

1000

1000

1000

600

600

Low

FloridaMississippiNorth CarolinaArizonaUtah

320

286

250

218

00

AZNM

ID

UTNV OH

WV

NC

HI

HI

DCMD

NJ

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Die

tetic

Technic

ians

104 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 90 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Utah Idaho Massachusetts Nevada Alabama

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

West Virginia Arizona South Carolina Arkansas Georgia

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$23

880

$24

840

$32

100

$34

520

$23

790

$34

110

$32

770

$45

290

$34

300

$31

940

429 424 420 399 368

-43 -79 -96 -159 -235

$30

470

$34

880

$31

940

$29

560

$35

840

$21

620

$19

950

$19

250

$18

930

$22

940

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Lic

ensed

Pra

ctic

al a

nd

Lic

ensed

Vocatio

nal N

urs

es

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 105

Additional Findings

bull While there are some similarities across states in the implementation of the Nursing Practice Act the historic legislation on scope of practice and responsibilities for registered nurses there is also a great deal of state level variation in practice requirements regulations and tasks for licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses (Seago et al 2004)

bull Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses work in a variety of settings including nursing care facilities medical and surgical hospitals offi ces of physicians and home health care services (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 702000 29480 Average Annual Openings2012 844000

20 Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 481 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 519 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 91 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

31314ndash4705624993ndash3121017677ndash249558114ndash17519Data not available

(Median = 24974)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

SD

VT

WY

NH

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Lic

ensed

Pra

ctic

al a

nd

Lic

ensed

Vocatio

nal N

urs

es

106 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 92 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

SC

PA

ND

DC

UT

ID

NV

AZ

FL

High

ArizonaNevadaIdahoUtahFlorida

392

369

340

316

268

Low

PennsylvaniaNorth DakotaConnecticutSouth CarolinaDistrict of Columbia

82

63

62

14

00

High

District of ColumbiaSouth CarolinaConnecticutNorth DakotaPennsylvania

1000

949

781

773

727

Low

FloridaIdahoNevadaUtahArizona

449

388

375

375

357

AZ

FL

ID

UTNV

ND

SC

PA

HI

HI

DC

CT

CT

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Lic

ensed

Pra

ctic

al a

nd

Lic

ensed

Vocatio

nal N

urs

es

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 107

Figure 93 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

District of Columbia New Jersey New Mexico South Carolina Maryland

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Indiana Tennessee Texas Rhode Island Kansas

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$48

370

$46

010

$38

030

$34

960

$44

110

$57

980

$43

040

$33

000

$31

940

$41

360

406 279 273 269 227

121 119 115 105 101$33

820

$32

730

$35

310

$38

240

$33

780

$34

440

$30

940

$34

260

$42

730

$31

710

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Medical Transcriptionists

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical T

ranscrip

tionis

ts

108 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull Optional medical transcriptionist certifi cation is offered through the American Association of Medical Transcription (AAMT) While certifi cation is encouraged and understood as a verifi cation of standard training it is not required for employment As of February 2004 approximately one-third (2840) of the 7450 medical transcriptionists registered with the AAMT were certifi ed

bull Outsourcing of medical transcription overseas has become increasingly common Nearly 50 of the current contract transcription market demand is outsourced to a specialized vendor community and an estimated 8ndash10 of all con-tract transcription from the US health care industry is done overseas (Medical Transcription Industry Alliance 2003)

bull Medical transcriptionists work primarily in medical and surgical hospitals and offi ces of physicians (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 101000 4146 Average Annual Openings2012 124000

23 Medical Transcriptionists Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 550 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 450 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 94 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

4824ndash99813561ndash48012957ndash35431614ndash2891Data not available

(Median = 3552)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

SD

VT

WY

NH

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical T

ranscrip

tionis

ts

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 109

Figure 95 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

SC

PA

DC

UT

ID

NMAZ

FL

High

ArizonaUtahIdahoKansasNevada

412

371

370

364

343

Low

Rhode IslandPennsylvaniaSouth CarolinaNebraskaDistrict of Columbia

116

116

109

86

59

High

WyomingDistrict of ColumbiaSouth CarolinaNebraskaPennsylvania

800

750

725

692

612

Low

New MexicoFloridaIdahoArizonaUtah

367

352

333

314

250

AZ

KS

ID

UTNV NE

PA

SC

HI

HI

DC

RI

WY

NE

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical T

ranscrip

tionis

ts

110 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 96 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Massachusetts Kansas Colorado Tennessee Delaware

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

New Mexico Oklahoma Maryland Nevada Hawaii

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$36

850

$27

560

$34

440

$28

310

$30

270

$45

290

$33

780

$39

820

$32

730

$39

050

298 298 297 245 219

-30

59

-15

12 059 $33

000

$31

150

$41

360

$34

300

$36

750

$25

890

$23

650

$33

960

$32

900

$32

050

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Occupational Therapist Assistants

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Occup

atio

nal T

hera

pis

t Assis

tants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 111

Additional Findings

bull Occupational therapist assistants may be trained in either a two-year associate degree program or a one-year certifi cate program available at two- and four-year colleges and universities or postsecondary vocationaltechnical schools and institutions (American Medical Association 2005)

bull Occupational therapist assistants work in a variety of settings including offi ces of health practitioners medical and surgical hospitals and nursing care facilities (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 18000 958 Average Annual Openings2012 26000

44 Occupational Therapist Assistants Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 756 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 244 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 97 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

784ndash4915578ndash757486ndash576248ndash449Data not available

(Median = 577)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

ND

MN

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VA

WI

MI

IL INOH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

SD

WY

NH

IA

KY

VT

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Occup

atio

nal T

hera

pis

t Assis

tants

112 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 98 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

SC

TN

NJ

DC

OR

FL

NMAZ

UT

ID

High

VirginiaArkansasUtahArizonaCalifornia

599

593

571

548

538

Low

OregonConnecticutSouth CarolinaDistrict of ColumbiaNew Jersey

200

194

129

00

00

High

OregonSouth CarolinaMontanaNew JerseyTennessee

600

600

500

500

500

Low

New MexicoFloridaIdahoArizonaUtah

100

100

100

00

00

AZ AR

VA

UTCA

OR

SC

HI

HI

DC

CT

NJ

MT

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Occup

atio

nal T

hera

pis

t Assis

tants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 113

Figure 99 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

North Carolina Nebraska Utah Michigan Maryland

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Wyoming Louisiana Georgia Tennessee Illinois

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$40

480

$33

010

$39

840

$39

480

$40

660

$34

120

$33

060

$34

110

$39

590

$41

360

448 400 319 317 287

-45 -63 -73 -81 -93

$32

510

$31

230

$35

840

$32

730

$38

580

$28

500

$37

930

$33

380

$43

700

$31

800

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Pharmacy Aides

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Pharm

acy A

ides

114 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull According to a 1999 study of pharmacy activity costs over 55 of pharmacy aide time is spent on prescription transactions with customers (Arthur Andersen 1999)

bull Similar to pharmacy technicians pharmacy aides are employed primarily in retail settings such as health and personal care stores and grocery stores (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 60000 2175 Average Annual Openings2012 71000

18 Pharmacy Aides Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 487 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 513 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 100 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

2328ndash34171822ndash22391444ndash1815253ndash1423Data not available

(Median = 1819)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

ND

MN

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VA

WI

MI

IL INOH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

WA

SD

WY

NH

IA

KY

VTOR

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Pharm

acy A

ides

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 115

Figure 101 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

DC

DE

VT

LA

IN

MA

WV

AZ

UT

High

NevadaColoradoAlaskaArizonaUtah

464

420

400

336

333

Low

MaineNew YorkWest VirginiaWyomingDistrict of Columbia

98

86

41

00

00

High

District of ColumbiaWest VirginiaMassachusettsLouisianaIndiana

1000

875

704

700

675

Low

DelawareNevadaArizonaVermontHawaii

385

350

348

333

00

AZ

AK

UTNV

CO

WY

ME

NY

WV

HI

HI

DC

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Pharm

acy A

ides

116 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 102 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Texas Idaho Wyoming Vermont Illinois

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

California Florida North Dakota North Carolina South Carolina

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$21

980

$24

320

$23

200

$19

750

$24

300

$35

310

$32

770

$32

510

$34

650

$38

580

368 366 316 298 253

-37 -56 -90 -106 -121

$41

980

$33

750

$30

620

$34

120

$31

940

$23

050

$17

550

$16

730

$17

480

$15

740

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Physical Therapist Aides

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Physic

al T

hera

pis

t Aid

es

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 117

Additional Findings

bull The data available on physical therapist aidesmdashone of the smaller frontline occupational groups profi led in this chartbookmdashare in conjunction with or subsumed within information on physical therapist assistants

bull Similar to physical therapist assistants physical therapist aides work in a variety of settings including offi ces of health practitioners medical and surgical hospitals and nursing care facilities (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 37000 2332 Average Annual Openings2012 54000

46 Physical Therapist Aides Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 735 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 265 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 103 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

1615ndash30291348ndash1552966ndash1347302ndash950Data not available

(Median = 1347)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

ND

MN

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

VA

WI

MI

IL INOH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

WA

SDNH

IA

KY

VTOR

SC

WY

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Physic

al T

hera

pis

t Aid

es

118 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 104 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

DC

WA

OR

CO

NM

NC

WIID

UT

High

IdahoArizonaCaliforniaVirginiaUtah

668

647

619

590

571

Low

OregonNebraskaWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaRhode Island

242

231

204

57

51

High

District of ColumbiaRhode IslandOregonWashingtonColorado

1000

800

550

500

458

Low

New MexicoNorth CarolinaWisconsinIdahoUtah

200

200

200

176

00

UTCA

ID

NE

WA

OR

HI

HI

DC

RI

AZ

VA

RI

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Physic

al T

hera

pis

t Aid

es

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 119

Figure 105 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Delaware Montana Texas Virginia Illinois

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Florida Hawaii Indiana South Carolina Rhode Island

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$28

020

$23

710

$25

800

$22

100

$26

020

$39

050

$29

880

$35

310

$39

130

$38

580

453 391 391 241 225

-19 -19-101 -259 -343

$33

750

$36

750

$33

820

$31

940

$38

240

$20

880

$25

070

$22

150

$20

100

$21

430

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Physical Therapist Assistants

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Physic

al T

hera

pis

t Assis

tants

120 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull Typical training for physical therapist assistants does not provide approved prerequisites to move into a physical therapist role Those interested in advancing their career can do so through an accredited physical therapist assistant to physical therapist (PTA-PT) program (wwwallalliedhealthschoolscom 2006)

bull Licensure is not mandatory for physical therapist assistants licensing and certifi cation requirements vary from state to state (American Medical Association 2005)

bull Physical therapist assistants work in a variety of settings including offi ces of health practitioners medical and surgical hospitals and nursing care facilities (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 50000 3077 Average Annual Openings2012 73000

46 Physical Therapist Assistants Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 728 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 272 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 106 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

2233ndash31771802ndash21301296ndash1747780ndash1243

(Median = 1802)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Physic

al T

hera

pis

t Assis

tants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 121

Figure 107 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

DC

OR

CO

OKSC

AZ

UT

AR

ID

MT

High

ArizonaIdahoArkansasWyomingUtah

640

635

610

600

583

Low

OregonConnecticutWashingtonSouth CarolinaDistrict of Columbia

265

255

217

214

143

High

OregonDistrict of ColumbiaColoradoOklahomaSouth Carolina

567

500

460

450

450

Low

IdahoMontanaArizonaArkansasUtah

231

222

209

205

00

UT

WY

ID

SC

WA

OR

HI

HI

DC

CT

AZ AR

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Physic

al T

hera

pis

t Assis

tants

122 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 108 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Louisiana Nebraska Maryland Idaho Nevada

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Missouri New Mexico Minnesota Hawaii Georgia

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$39

540

$36

640

$41

560

$37

190

$42

870

$31

230

$33

060

$41

360

$32

770

$34

300

596 401 395 369 254

-27

17

-10

16-01$3

446

0

$33

000

$39

840

$36

750

$35

840

$35

600

$32

060

$33

570

$33

030

$37

740

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Recreational Therapists

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Recre

atio

nal T

hera

pis

ts

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 123

Additional Findings

bull Employers and national regulatory and accreditation organizations increasingly use National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certifi cation (NCTRC) as a criterion for employment and as a preferred entry-level credential for recreational therapists (2004)

bull Recreational therapists work in a variety of settings including nursing care facilities medical and surgical hospitals psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals and state government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 27000 880 Average Annual Openings2012 29000

7 Recreational Therapists Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 275 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 725 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 109 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

1384ndash29501038ndash1365626ndash974314ndash502Data not available

CA

AK

HI

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

(Median = 1006)

NV

SC

WY

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Recre

atio

nal T

hera

pis

ts

124 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 110 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

DC

LA

ND

MI

ID

UTCO

AZ

IA

High

ArizonaColoradaUtahIdahoNew Mexico

312

290

276

218

214

Low

New JerseyDistrict of ColumbiaMichiganNorth DakotaLouisiana

00

00

00

00

00

High

LouisianaDistrict of ColumbiaMichiganNew JerseyNorth Dakota

1000

1000

1000

1000

1000

Low

UtahColoradoArizonaIdahoIowa

500

438

409

400

00

UTCO

ID

HI

HI

DC

NJ

LA

ND

MI

AZ NM

NJ

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Recre

atio

nal T

hera

pis

ts

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 125

Figure 111 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Wyoming New Hamphire Vermont Illinois Colorado

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Oklahoma North Dakota South Carolina Rhode Island New Mexico

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$38

410

$37

190

$44

910

$32

350

$34

160

$32

510

$37

450

$34

650

$38

580

$39

820

670 451 435 344 342

-135

15

-68

06

-57

$31

150

$30

620

$31

940

$38

240

$33

000

$30

530

$28

370

$26

010

$33

140

$28

540

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Rehabilitation Counselors

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Rehab

ilitatio

n C

ounselo

rs

126 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull The Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certifi cation (CRCC) has certifi ed more than 35000 counselors since its inception in 1974 To sit for the certifi cation exam applicants must have a masterrsquos degree or be currently enrolled in an accredited masterrsquos program (2006)

bull The role of rehabilitation counselors has expanded to include aiding in transition services for children within school systems providing geriatric rehabilitation services and providing services for workers injured on the job through pri-vate rehabilitation counseling companies and employee assistance programs (American Medical Association 2005)

bull Rehabilitation counselors work in a variety of settings including vocational rehabilitation services residential mental health facilities individual and family services and state government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 122000 6922 Average Annual Openings2012 164000

34 Rehabilitation Counselors Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 597 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 403 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 112 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

6735ndash162514809ndash64882511ndash4756600ndash2431

(Median = 4809)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Rehab

ilitatio

n C

ounselo

rs

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 127

Figure 113 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

DC

AZ

MN

TN

NH

High

MarylandNevadaArizonaTennesseeUtah

550

462

451

439

430

Low

District of ColumbiaMississippiMichiganOhioNorth Dakota

100

90

86

76

06

High

North DakotaOhioDistrict of ColumbiaMichiganMississippi

923

750

714

714

714

Low

MinnesotaNew HampshireArizonaTennesseeMaryland

372

349

333

308

295

AZ

UTNV

TN

SD

MI

OH

MS

HI

HI

DCMD

ND

OH

MI

MS

MD

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Rehab

ilitatio

n C

ounselo

rs

128 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 114 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Hawaii New Mexico Wisconsin North Dakota Delaware

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Connecticut New York Nevada Rhode Island Mississippi

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$51

550

$27

370

$34

920

$34

560

$33

340

$36

750

$33

000

$35

240

$30

620

$39

050

596 572 510 507 388

-44 -101 -103 -151 -342

$44

400

$43

590

$34

300

$38

240

$28

630

$33

880

$27

590

$28

550

$33

590

$33

770

Conclusion

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 129

Summary

Frontline health and health care workers are a large fast-growing and vital component of the workforce constituting just over half of all health and health care occupations As the population ages the contributions of these workers will become even more central to the quality and cost of health care and services in this country As a whole the frontline workforce is growing rapidlymdashadding many new workers each year with a growth rate signifi cantly higher than other occupations and requiring a signifi cant number of replacement workers to fi ll future job openings due to turnover workers retiring and workers leaving the workforce altogether

Implications for Further Policy and Research Efforts1

This research on the frontline workforce must be placed in the context of broader challenges in the health care system and the general employment picture facing the nation over the next decade This will take effective action from a broad spectrum of health and health care stakeholders including employers educators professionals policy-makers labor and philanthropic entities

Health and Health Care Employers

Labor costs exceed 60 of total health care expenditures Any effort to change or rationalize the health care system will affect workers their patterns of practice and the material aspects of their employment Although most frontline workers are at the lower end of the compensation range in health care they represent a large critically impor-tant segment essential to any strategy to improve the quality lower the costs or expand access to health care and health services in the United States In each of these three vital areas the nation underperforms its potential In light of these challenges a solitary response of recruiting or fi nding frontline workers to keep the clinics long-term-care facilities and hospitals operating will be inadequate

Industry leaders will need to incorporate the following strategies into their overall action plan

bull Create new practice models and policies to reshape the nature of the work for frontline workers

bull Assist this transition by investing in care and service management technologies to allow fewer workers to do more with less time and to engage patients and their families in more productive ways These investments should include new facilities in addition to new technologies

1 Implications are based on the researchersrsquo fi ndings and recommendations and do not necessarily refl ect the viewpoints of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation

Conclu

sion

130 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

bull Integrate work and education to create laddered opportunities for the existing frontline workforce to take advantage of these new policies and technologies by getting higher levels of training on the job and improving their opportunities for higher wages and career advancement

bull Create more collaborative team-oriented work settings that allow for a fuller range of contributions by these new types of frontline workers including the responsibility to manage this service sector more effectively

bull Develop new strategic partnerships with labor and professional organizations who wish to change the nature of frontline work and are willing to respond creatively to the realities and challenges of the service sector

Teaching and Learning Organizations

Frontline workers will need a different set of skills and expectations as they prepare to enter the workforce and continue to grow and learn in an occupation that may begin to resemble more of a career or profession Educational institutions must play a vital role in reshaping program curricula positioning themselves as career partners and lowering the boundaries between education service and care delivery organizations to foster deeper partnerships Specifi cally teaching and learning organizations should consider the following for strategic success

bull Assess their programs in the context of emergent employer needs and changing student situations and demands Such an assessment will require a deeper commitment to securing input from both of these vital stakeholders These conversations and interactions should be ongoing with equal weight given to all voices at the assessment table

bull Create delivery mechanisms to employ new teaching and learning technologies that allow for more distance learning assessment of competence work-based learning and simulation These technologies should make education more accessible and more relevant to the learner

bull Commit to students throughout a lifetime of practice and growth not just a short-term training or educational program This will require a new partnership commitment between student school and employer that will serve each constituency as it adapts to strategic challenges

Professional Associations and Accrediting Organizations

Although they are separate entities professional associations and accrediting organiza-tions often speak for the professional conscience of the frontline health care worker They aim to represent both the publicrsquos interest and the interests of their members Usually member interests outweigh the publicrsquos interest as professional associations pursue a familiar pathway of more restrictive and protective accreditation and licen-sure more education and higher pay This form of protectionism has served the interests of the health professions for more than a century but it now threatens the viability of the health care system Instead leaders of the frontline health professional organizations can

Conclu

sion

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 131

bull Invite other aligned and similar frontline groups into larger affi nity combinations to consolidate action Smaller groups will be easier to ignore in the changes that are to come larger and broader groups will create a context for more effective action

bull Encourage education programs to respond to the need to create new value by changing the competencies provided to students broadening the work to educate more generally and making the movement through education effi cient and continuous after graduation

bull Alter the accreditation and licensure process to focus less on testing for entry and more on continuous improvement of quality and adaptation to changes in the environment

bull Work to ensure that the system is an agent of change by encouraging innovation lowering regulations and simplifying processes involved for assurance of professional status

Researchers

Understanding the value of the frontline workforce how it is changing and what might be done to accelerate the change process is a valued but largely ignored topic by most researchers Analyzing these and related dimensions of the frontline workforce in a critical manner will be essential to any effort to position the frontline occupations for signifi cant change To address these changes researchers and the institutions that support them should

bull Develop a national discussion to focus and refi ne a shared research agenda related to how frontline health professionals can transition to the new roles described above

bull Facilitate partnerships between education and delivery groups and organizations (particularly in the private sector) to provide support for research and access to key data for action research projects that meet the business needs of the sponsoring organizations

Policy-makers and Public Agencies

Over the past two decades the public and private sectors have built a large infrastructure to support the development of the health and health care workforce At the ground level regional workforce centers are often well integrated with both employers and educators Policy-makers and public agencies however often fail to connect this resource to a solution to do so they should take the following steps

bull Enhance understanding of the role and experience of regional workforce centers in developing programs to integrate education and work among employers labor and policy-makers

bull Target and fund breakthrough innovations that bring rapid cycle improvement to education transition to work retraining and assessment of value

bull Use existing relationships at the community level to build stronger programs among labor management practice and education to demonstrate the value of such enlarged and expanded partnerships

Conclu

sion

132 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

bull Build on the existing leadership of community and local agencies and partnerships to strengthen their ability to negotiate and play a genuine broker role among the various parties including labor schools and employers

Foundations

Community regional and national foundations have played an important role in other workforce areas including nursing and medicine For the frontline workforce foundations can provide needed leadership and capital for all of the activities described above Foundations can undertake the following specifi c strategic actions

bull Convene key actors at the local regional or state level to discuss priorities share resources and determine if a shared vision can emerge

bull Fund demonstration programs particularly when they involve more than one key partner or when they involve a truly innovative approach or have a demonstrated way of measuring the value of the experiment

bull Build the leadership skills and capacities of key actors across the continuum of stakeholders particularly at the local and regional level

bull Recognize achievement that advances the principles of an improved frontline workforce and highlight particular models that are worthy of replication and implementation

The research team used a deliberate process to identify a working defi nition of the frontline health and health care workforce and the occupations included in that classifi cation for this chartbook This defi nition of ldquofrontlinerdquo is less an exclusionary mechanism than a way to delimit a set of occupational categories on which to focus the research

The researchers used the Bureau of Labor Statistics 2000 Standard Occupational Classifi cation (SOC) System as the source for occupational categories The SOC offers important advantages it is comprehensive it is the federal government standard and it has a fl exible structure scaled from broad categories to detailed occupations It also links to key resources such as the Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment Statistics dataset and the Occupational Outlook Handbook and has a pre-built crosswalk to the Census 2000 databank where a wealth of job title detail (more than 31000 titles) is available to fl esh out the SOC data

A review of the complete SOC listing of 23 major categories covering all occupations resulted in the identifi cation of eight categories that constitute all health and health care occupations From this group key health care and human services occupations outside the scope of the criteria defi ned for this researchmdashoccupations with little or no direct patient or client contact research-based occupations and sales- and retail-focused occupationsmdashwere eliminated The remaining occupational groups were reviewed and further delineated using the Census 2000 job title database then cross-referenced using several sources including civil service occupation listings from the federal government and four states (California Texas New York and New Jersey) The result is a working universe of 78 occupational groups and more than 840 Census 2000 job titles encompassing a full range of direct care providers from registered nurses and surgeons to various health care support and technical roles

The researchers then identifi ed and categorized the frontline health and health care delivery occupations that are a subset of the larger universe of all health and health care delivery occupations Following a review of the preliminary available occupational data the following criteria were developed as defi ning characteristics of frontline workers

bull provide a high level of direct patientclient care or care delivery support services

bull require educational training of a bachelorrsquos degree or below and

bull earn annual wages of $40000 or less

The researchers then excluded from the larger set of health and health care delivery occupations those that do not meet these criteria Exceptions were made for a few occupational groups Social workers and counselors are included although many do have a masterrsquos degree and two allied health roles (radiologic technologiststechnicians and occupational health and safety specialists) are included despite median annual earnings slightly more than $40000 In these cases it was determined that the occupa-tional categories fi t the overall defi nition and characteristics of the frontline workforce and should therefore be included

Appendix A

Extended Methodology and Data Availability

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 133

Initially a preliminary report was released that profi led 20 frontline workforce occupational groups and included federal level employment and wage data along with some secondary research presented as narrative overviews This report details how the frontline workforce was defi ned and offers both quantitative and qualitative information on each of the profi led occupational groups in an effort to enhance understanding of the environment and challenges each faces (Solomon Schindel OrsquoNeil and Cherner Defi ning the Frontline Workforce Princeton NJ The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation September 2005) For this chartbook that preliminary set of 20 occupational groups was expanded to 32 Many allied health rolesmdashleft out of the preliminary report due to the notion that suffi cient information on those roles was already availablemdashhave been included here to provide a more comprehensive profi le of the total frontline workforce

National Level Data Availability

Employment Projections

The researchers gathered data on 2002 occupational employment and 2012 occupa-tional employment projections through Bureau of Labor Statistics and individual state labor market information sources These projections refl ect

bull anticipated growth rates of frontline occupations

bull projected job openings due to occupational growth

bull projected job openings due to ldquoreplacementsrdquo (workers retiring leaving the profession or leaving employment altogether) and

bull ldquototal average annual job openingsrdquo (total number of job openings due to both growth and replacements needs)

Based on this data the researchers analyzed and compared growth ratepercentage total average annual job openings and the percentage of openings due to growth and to replacement needs

Wage Outlook

Using the Bureau of Labor Statistics November 2004 wage estimates along with the archived 2000 wage estimates the researchers gathered data on mean annual wages the 2000ndash2004 wage gain and the 10th to 90th percentile wage range for each occupation The researchers were then able to determine the wage outlook for each occupation and compared our fi ndings across the workforce noting where and how occupations varied in terms of wages and earning potential

Demographics

The demographic data available for frontline occupations are limited The Bureau of Labor Statistics does provide some data on gender and racial breakdown within occupations but much of the information is aggregated across several occupational categories For instance demographics are available for the occupational category representing all ldquodiagnostic and related health diagnosing technologists and techni-ciansrdquo which includes several frontline allied health roles as well as a few non-frontline occupations but they are not available for particular frontline job titles

Ap

pend

ix A

Exte

nded M

eth

odolo

gy a

nd D

ata

Ava

ilability

134 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

within that occupational category Thus it is not possible to use those demographics to make specifi c analyses based on particular occupations Instead higher-level demographics are used in this chartbook to offer insight into the frontline workforce as a whole and how selected occupational categories compare in terms of their percentage of minority workers

Educational Training Level

The data on educational training level are also somewhat limited but the researchers used the Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Projections and Training Data standard educational training level classifi cations to identify the most signifi cant training and educational pathways to employment for particular frontline occupations These data defi ne 11 categories of educational training Frontline workforce occupa-tions can be categorized into six of these educational training levels

bull short-term on-the-job training (up to 1 month)

bull moderate-term on-the-job training (1 to 12 months)

bull postsecondary vocational award

bull associate degree

bull bachelorrsquos degree and

bull masterrsquos degree

Although these classifi cations are somewhat general they are assigned to particular occupations and are not aggregated across multiple occupational categories as a result researchers can compare and look for patterns based on the standard educational training for occupations represented in this workforce

Workplace Distribution

The researchers gathered federal level data on the workplace distribution for workers in frontline occupations showing the percentage breakdown in different work settings However there are more than 25 ldquosettingsrdquo categories that include not only actual settings (such as medical laboratories psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals and physician offi ces) but also more descriptive settings with affi liated employees (such as home health care services and federal government institutions) Because there are so many workplace designations there is a great deal of distribution and it is not possible to draw any signifi cant inferences or analyses However some points of interest are included as additional fi ndings in the occupational profi les beginning on page 27

State Level Data Availability

One of the primary purposes of this chartbook is to provide a view of the occupa-tional outlook for the frontline workforce at the state level in addition to the national level State variation (or lack of variation) is highlighted for key data such as per capita employment average occupational wage and occupational wage gains for the frontline occupations To keep state-level data consistent with national-level data the researchers used occupational data from each statersquos labor market information online data sources

Ap

pend

ix A

Exte

nded M

eth

odolo

gy a

nd D

ata

Ava

ilability

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 135

Employment Projections

Each state labor market information resource presents data in slightly different ways although the majority provide occupational employment projection data aligned with the federal Bureau of Labor Statistics Standard Occupational Classifi cation (SOC) If a state provided no occupational projection data the researchers used the American Labor Market Information System (ALMIS) Web site (wwwprojectionscentralcom) This resource stores and maintains labor market economic and occupational data and is maintained jointly by the states and the United States Department of Laborrsquos Employment and Training Administration (ETA) In some cases states maintain infor-mation in ALMIS that is not accessible on a separate state labor market information Web site Some states did not have employment data for some of the occupations in the frontline workforce because the occupational population has been too small to track (indicated in the data tables with ldquonardquo) Data were also gathered on the total population for each state and per capita employment for each occupation by state was calculated

In our total growth rate and average annual openings percentage calculations we have relied on the data as presented by the state labor market information sources andor the ALMIS web site In a limited number of instances this produced some atypical results which we have left in the Appendix B State by State Data Tables rather than attempt to amend source data

Wage Outlook

The researchers obtained state wage data from a database maintained by the Bureau of Labor Statistics Although the database did not include state-by-state employment projections it did provide some occupation-specifi c wage information (mentioned below) for each state As the researchers began gathering the data the November 2004 current wage data were released these data were used in the analyses For each occupation data were we on 2004 mean annual wage 2000ndash2004 wage gain and 10thndash90th percentile wage range across all 50 states Average state wage data for all occupations were also included in the analyses as a benchmark

Unavailable Data

Although state-level employment and wage outlook and trend data were available for the research team to gather and analyze there was no consistent source of state-level data on demographics educational training requirements or workplace distribution for frontline occupations Some state labor market information sources provided an overall gender and racial breakdown for the state workforce as a whole but these data were not available at the state level for particular occupations Demographic educational training or workplace distribution information available through studies or other publications is included as additional fi ndings in the occupational profi les beginning on page 27

Additional Data

To supplement the core data presented through this chartbook the researchers gathered additional data from relevant publications and reports Particularly salient data points or patterns from these secondary resources are included in the occupa-tional profi les

Ap

pend

ix A

Exte

nded M

eth

odolo

gy a

nd D

ata

Ava

ilability

136 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 137

Appendix B

TablesmdashOccupational Profi les State by State Data

Allied Health Roles

Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians 139

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics 142

Medical Assistants 145

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians 148

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians 151

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists 154

Pharmacy Technicians 157

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians 160

Respiratory Therapy Technicians 163

Surgical Technologists 166

Community and Public Health Roles

Health Educators 169

Medical and Public Health Social Workers 172

Social and Human Services Assistants 175

Long-term Care Roles

Home Health Aides 178

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants 181

Personal and Home Care Aides 184

Mental Health and Substance Abuse RolesMental Health Counselors 187

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers 190

Psychiatric Aides 193

Psychiatric Technicians 196

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors 199

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Child Family and School Social Workers 202

Dental Assistants 205

Dietetic Technicians 208

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses 211

Medical Transcriptionists 214

Occupational Therapist Assistants 217

Pharmacy Aides 220

Physical Therapist Aides 223

Physical Therapist Assistants 226

Recreational Therapists 229

Rehabilitation Counselors 232

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 379

Maryland 241

North Dakota 230

South Carolina 224

West Virginia 224

Michigan 211

South Dakota 200

Kentucky 198

Alabama 196

Louisiana 194

Massachusetts 193

Pennsylvania 191

Nebraska 189

Florida 188

Tennessee 185

New York 184

Connecticut 176

Nevada 166

Maine 164

New Jersey 163

Indiana 162

Oklahoma 161

Montana 159

Rhode Island 159

Mississippi 154

Virginia 151

Ohio 146

Illinois 145

New Hampshire 144

Minnesota 143

Delaware 136

Hawaii 130

Georgia 126

Iowa 126

North Carolina 124

Kansas 122

Oregon 119

Colorado 118

Utah 116

Wisconsin 114

Missouri 113

Washington 110

Arkansas 109

Texas 108

California 94

Arizona 92

New Mexico 81

Idaho 61

Alaska 50

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 667

Pennsylvania 536

Washington 533

Utah 500

Kentucky 469

Connecticut 467

Oklahoma 467

South Carolina 467

Colorado 464

Oregon 450

Alabama 429

Massachusetts 429

North Dakota 429

Illinois 415

New York 412

Nebraska 400

Michigan 396

Maryland 391

Ohio 378

Kansas 375

New Jersey 375

Missouri 367

Tennessee 364

Arkansas 353

California 353

Virginia 351

Louisiana 350

West Virginia 348

Delaware 333

Idaho 333

Iowa 333

Minnesota 333

Rhode Island 333

South Dakota 333

Texas 310

Maine 308

Indiana 300

Montana 300

Nevada 300

Florida 289

Georgia 286

North Carolina 286

Mississippi 267

New Hampshire 250

Wisconsin 250

Arizona 237

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

New Mexico NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Idaho 598

Nevada 583

Arizona 572

Colorado 566

Utah 519

Mississippi 492

Montana 483

New Hampshire 478

Georgia 472

North Carolina 456

Kansas 455

Florida 430

Texas 426

Maine 404

Wisconsin 403

New Mexico 400

Arkansas 395

West Virginia 384

South Dakota 382

Delaware 364

Minnesota 362

New Jersey 357

Indiana 350

Tennessee 346

Alaska 344

Rhode Island 341

California 333

Virginia 333

North Dakota 315

Ohio 305

Louisiana 299

Maryland 298

Missouri 297

Michigan 292

Massachusetts 290

Oklahoma 286

Iowa 284

Nebraska 281

New York 276

Illinois 263

Connecticut 262

Hawaii 250

Oregon 238

Kentucky 212

Washington 209

Alabama 205

South Carolina 174

Pennsylvania 165

District of Columbia 107

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

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2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Maine $29900 $42710 428

Alabama 27920 39330 409

Nevada 31060 42430 366

Indiana 26790 35680 332

North Dakota 25470 33720 324

Virginia 32910 43010 307

New Jersey 36710 47970 307

Mississippi 28110 36740 307

Nebraska 31170 40490 299

Rhode Island 34130 43610 278

Alaska 42150 53620 272

Texas 31300 39240 254

Tennessee 27950 34850 247

Oregon 36280 45040 241

Washington 42520 52650 238

New Mexico 34230 42030 228

Pennsylvania 31330 38480 228

North Carolina 33430 40630 215

Georgia 29920 36360 215

Idaho 31480 38180 213

Michigan 37270 44970 207

Wisconsin 33110 39820 203

Iowa 30420 36330 194

Colorado 35050 41800 193

Kansas 33300 39680 192

California 40180 47760 189

Arkansas 33090 39170 184

Massachusetts 41090 47280 151

New Hampshire 41720 47900 148

Ohio 35340 40290 140

Missouri 30850 34980 134

Illinois 34160 38670 132

Arizona 35080 39530 127

South Dakota 33090 37200 124

District of Columbia 39590 44440 123

Maryland 39860 43460 90

Florida 33090 36060 90

Hawaii 39130 42340 82

New York 41270 44260 72

West Virginia 33410 35150 52

Louisiana 31250 32780 49

Connecticut 42020 43570 37

Oklahoma 28030 29050 36

Montana 39140 38640 -13

Kentucky 35930 35420 -14

South Carolina 41770 39450 -56

Delaware 37520 NA NA

Minnesota NA 41550 NA

Utah 35230 NA NA

Vermont $32440 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Washington $52650 $40860

Alaska 53620 42170

New Hampshire 47900 37450

Arkansas 39170 29560

Maine 42710 33480

New Mexico 42030 33000

Montana 38640 29880

Nevada 42430 34300

South Dakota 37200 29080

Mississippi 36740 28630

Oregon 45040 36980

South Carolina 39450 31940

Nebraska 40490 33060

Alabama 39330 31940

North Carolina 40630 34120

Kansas 39680 33780

California 47760 41980

Hawaii 42340 36750

Idaho 38180 32770

Michigan 44970 39590

Rhode Island 43610 38240

New Jersey 47970 43040

West Virginia 35150 30470

Arizona 39530 34880

Wisconsin 39820 35240

Ohio 40290 35910

Iowa 36330 31990

Texas 39240 35310

Virginia 43010 39130

Kentucky 35420 32170

North Dakota 33720 30620

Pennsylvania 38480 35970

Florida 36060 33750

Tennessee 34850 32730

Maryland 43460 41360

Colorado 41800 39820

Massachusetts 47280 45290

Indiana 35680 33820

Minnesota 41550 39840

Louisiana 32780 31230

New York 44260 43590

Georgia 36360 35840

Missouri 34980 34460

Illinois 38670 38580

Connecticut 43570 44400

Oklahoma 29050 31150

District of Columbia 44440 57980

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140 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Alabama $17960 $70300 2914

Louisiana 16510 54900 2325

Virginia 22120 69330 2134

Mississippi 18320 56840 2103

Arizona 23320 70750 2034

Oklahoma 16860 50170 1976

Massachusetts 25230 73730 1922

Oregon 23950 68120 1844

Missouri 19660 55490 1822

Idaho 21100 59170 1804

Maine 22330 62330 1791

Georgia 20410 56380 1762

Tennessee 19910 54810 1753

Indiana 20370 56060 1752

Kentucky 20110 55300 1750

Texas 21340 58310 1732

Florida 20290 55320 1726

South Dakota 20480 55460 1708

Colorado 24250 65500 1701

Connecticut 25140 67060 1667

North Dakota 19800 52640 1659

Illinois 22210 58390 1629

South Carolina 22220 58220 1620

Pennsylvania 22140 57430 1594

Rhode Island 25260 64150 1540

Montana 22630 56710 1506

North Carolina 23540 58780 1497

Kansas 22500 56120 1494

New Hampshire 27660 67570 1443

New York 26480 64600 1440

Nebraska 23690 57680 1435

Hawaii 25660 62400 1432

California 28760 69890 1430

Alaska 30780 74480 1420

Arkansas 23510 56880 1419

Wisconsin 24210 57810 1388

New Mexico 23980 57220 1386

Minnesota 25410 59330 1335

New Jersey 30070 69260 1303

Maryland 25980 59090 1274

Ohio 25030 55780 1229

Washington 32280 71580 1217

Nevada 26350 57580 1185

District of Columbia 27850 60550 1174

Michigan 27940 59830 1141

West Virginia 21660 45980 1123

Iowa 23910 49270 1061

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Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 1086

Colorado 486

Nevada 443

New Mexico 402

Utah 389

Minnesota 382

New Hampshire 378

Virginia 362

Texas 357

Mississippi 348

Alabama 341

Kansas 335

Vermont 332

Montana 325

Arkansas 323

California 321

Georgia 314

Pennsylvania 305

New Jersey 302

Oklahoma 298

Florida 292

Louisiana 290

Alaska 286

Kentucky 283

Wisconsin 281

Missouri 276

South Dakota 275

Ohio 275

North Dakota 272

Rhode Island 258

West Virginia 244

North Carolina 244

Delaware 241

New York 241

Idaho 240

Indiana 235

Illinois 230

Maryland 230

South Carolina 217

Maine 210

Hawaii 208

Nebraska 208

Tennessee 208

Washington 198

Iowa 196

Wyoming 167

Massachusetts 161

Oregon 159

Connecticut 129

Michigan 127

District of Columbia 00

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 1000

Massachusetts 608

Oregon 600

Wyoming 600

Hawaii 500

Connecticut 486

Michigan 474

Colorado 466

Alaska 450

Kansas 430

Washington 425

Iowa 417

Nebraska 385

South Carolina 367

Tennessee 364

Maine 347

Illinois 333

Indiana 333

Rhode Island 333

West Virginia 329

Maryland 327

Idaho 325

New York 324

Louisiana 307

North Carolina 304

Delaware 300

Wisconsin 300

Missouri 295

Ohio 295

New Jersey 294

Florida 289

Kentucky 288

North Dakota 286

Pennsylvania 274

South Dakota 273

California 267

Nevada 267

Arkansas 262

Alabama 259

Georgia 252

Montana 250

Utah 250

Mississippi 247

Oklahoma 244

Texas 243

New Hampshire 238

Virginia 238

Vermont 235

Minnesota 228

New Mexico 180

Arizona 97

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 1240

Maine 1165

North Dakota 1147

Pennsylvania 1129

West Virginia 1088

Kentucky 985

Missouri 938

Kansas 936

Wisconsin 903

Massachusetts 889

Tennessee 872

Idaho 848

Connecticut 807

Ohio 801

Georgia 794

North Carolina 765

South Dakota 756

Louisiana 748

Arkansas 709

Mississippi 700

Minnesota 685

Utah 677

Illinois 671

Iowa 670

New Hampshire 662

Oklahoma 654

Colorado 654

Alabama 640

Vermont 620

Montana 604

Maryland 604

Texas 562

Michigan 556

Indiana 554

New Mexico 550

Alaska 546

New York 546

Rhode Island 515

Florida 512

New Jersey 501

Oregon 483

Wyoming 481

Nevada 447

South Carolina 426

California 392

Hawaii 389

Washington 382

Virginia 362

Delaware 360

Arizona 284

Nebraska 225

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142 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

North Dakota $18510 $26960 457

Rhode Island 23240 33290 432

Maryland 26270 37260 418

Wyoming 17740 25060 413

Hawaii 25980 35960 384

Utah 18970 26180 380

Alaska 29060 39020 343

Idaho 22860 30160 319

Massachusetts 26700 34810 304

Missouri 25050 31250 248

Michigan 23340 29010 243

New Hampshire 23170 28360 224

Arizona 21760 26610 223

Nebraska 21760 26570 221

Iowa 20430 24680 208

Kansas 17940 21590 203

Georgia 22100 26470 198

Vermont 20560 24590 196

New York 29290 34560 180

Indiana 22590 26490 173

New Jersey 27160 31650 165

Kentucky 19630 22820 163

Texas 22460 26040 159

Colorado 27680 31970 155

Maine 21440 24650 150

North Carolina 23900 27390 146

Ohio 23990 27410 143

Mississippi 22200 25320 141

Washington 32080 36410 135

Arkansas 21460 24350 135

Pennsylvania 22550 25300 122

Louisiana 24320 27120 115

Virginia 23810 26550 115

New Mexico 26610 29610 113

South Carolina 24290 26980 111

South Dakota 21070 23210 102

Connecticut 29130 32030 100

Illinois 26960 29500 94

Florida 25810 28220 93

Montana 19400 21000 82

Minnesota 27550 29670 77

Tennessee 24500 25030 22

West Virginia 19580 19650 04

Wisconsin 22700 22380 -14

Alabama 21600 21150 -21

California 29580 27460 -72

Oregon 35460 29260 -175

Delaware NA 30150 NA

District of Columbia NA 40800 NA

Nevada NA NA NA

Oklahoma 19580 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Hawaii $35960 $36750

Idaho 30160 32770

Alaska 39020 42170

Missouri 31250 34460

Mississippi 25320 28630

New Mexico 29610 33000

North Dakota 26960 30620

Louisiana 27120 31230

Maryland 37260 41360

Washington 36410 40860

Rhode Island 33290 38240

South Carolina 26980 31940

Arkansas 24350 29560

Florida 28220 33750

South Dakota 23210 29080

Nebraska 26570 33060

North Carolina 27390 34120

Iowa 24680 31990

Indiana 26490 33820

Wyoming 25060 32510

Oregon 29260 36980

Tennessee 25030 32730

Colorado 31970 39820

Utah 26180 34110

Arizona 26610 34880

Ohio 27410 35910

Maine 24650 33480

Montana 21000 29880

Delaware 30150 39050

New York 34560 43590

Illinois 29500 38580

New Hampshire 28360 37450

Texas 26040 35310

Kentucky 22820 32170

Georgia 26470 35840

Vermont 24590 34650

Minnesota 29670 39840

Massachusetts 34810 45290

Michigan 29010 39590

Pennsylvania 25300 35970

Alabama 21150 31940

West Virginia 19650 30470

New Jersey 31650 43040

Kansas 21590 33780

Connecticut 32030 44400

Virginia 26550 39130

Wisconsin 22380 35240

California 27460 41980

District of Columbia 40800 57980

Nevada NA 34300

Oklahoma NA 31150

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 143

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Maryland $17210 $67040 2895

Washington 13160 44120 2353

Hawaii 15810 52150 2299

Massachusetts 15060 45890 2047

New York 17470 51340 1939

Rhode Island 12020 35260 1933

Connecticut 13770 40270 1924

Colorado 13800 39970 1896

New Jersey 12130 35020 1887

Missouri 17520 47780 1727

Idaho 12040 32690 1715

Delaware 19750 52940 1681

Minnesota 16180 43210 1671

New Mexico 21240 56310 1651

Illinois 16120 42730 1651

Oregon 17120 45380 1651

Michigan 17050 44660 1619

New Hampshire 14800 38360 1592

Florida 16790 43440 1587

California 15330 39390 1569

Ohio 14450 35570 1462

North Carolina 14430 35400 1453

Louisiana 12990 31860 1453

South Carolina 18580 45510 1449

North Dakota 15900 37740 1374

Arizona 12370 29200 1361

Nebraska 15870 37070 1336

Virginia 16770 39090 1331

Indiana 20180 46550 1307

Georgia 15560 35610 1289

Utah 20850 47290 1268

Texas 19870 44560 1243

Mississippi 22920 50680 1211

Pennsylvania 18930 41510 1193

Wyoming 16400 35920 1190

Tennessee 16880 36560 1166

Iowa 16490 35520 1154

Maine 12560 26870 1139

Vermont 17870 38150 1135

Arkansas 21350 44690 1093

South Dakota 19380 40280 1078

Kentucky 17880 37060 1073

Wisconsin 15930 32010 1009

Kansas 17890 35500 984

Alabama 18750 37090 978

Montana 22850 43530 905

West Virginia 17860 32570 824

Nevada 31610 52150 650

Oklahoma 23900 37140 554

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144 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Total Growth

State Percentage

Idaho 810

Arizona 785

Wyoming 727

Arkansas 718

Utah 694

Kansas 690

Georgia 686

Virginia 686

New Hampshire 676

Tennessee 650

Maine 643

New Mexico 638

Colorado 633

Texas 622

New Jersey 622

Nevada 615

Kentucky 614

North Carolina 609

Florida 591

South Dakota 587

Wisconsin 581

Missouri 577

Indiana 563

Maryland 534

Montana 533

Ohio 524

Alabama 513

Vermont 512

Mississippi 510

Oklahoma 504

Louisiana 502

Delaware 500

Massachusetts 491

Minnesota 489

West Virginia 477

Iowa 475

Rhode Island 474

Alaska 472

Connecticut 466

California 460

Pennsylvania 459

New York 449

South Carolina 446

Illinois 445

Michigan 444

Hawaii 443

North Dakota 383

Nebraska 312

District of Columbia 312

Oregon 238

Washington 203

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Oregon 552

Washington 494

Colorado 466

Alaska 375

Nebraska 372

North Dakota 364

District of Columbia 362

Massachusetts 351

Hawaii 304

South Carolina 295

Michigan 294

Illinois 294

New York 292

California 287

Pennsylvania 287

Iowa 286

West Virginia 283

Connecticut 280

Louisiana 279

Kansas 279

Vermont 278

Rhode Island 277

Minnesota 274

Delaware 271

Alabama 271

Mississippi 268

Ohio 261

Oklahoma 258

Maryland 258

Indiana 254

Montana 254

Missouri 242

Florida 237

South Dakota 235

Wisconsin 234

New Jersey 233

Kentucky 232

Nevada 232

North Carolina 231

Texas 229

Maine 223

New Mexico 221

Tennessee 218

New Hampshire 217

Georgia 213

Virginia 212

Utah 207

Arkansas 202

Wyoming 200

Arizona 191

Idaho 189

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Hawaii 2908

Arizona 2013

Texas 1945

Nebraska 1728

District of Columbia 1690

Michigan 1566

Florida 1532

South Carolina 1503

Kentucky 1476

California 1449

Ohio 1443

Washington 1434

Oregon 1430

Rhode Island 1430

Utah 1423

Tennessee 1371

Connecticut 1347

Pennsylvania 1337

Oklahoma 1307

Georgia 1303

New Jersey 1294

Colorado 1285

Indiana 1281

New Mexico 1251

Maine 1211

Missouri 1203

South Dakota 1165

Maryland 1127

Wisconsin 1123

Delaware 1067

New York 1065

Minnesota 1036

Nevada 1021

Kansas 1010

Virginia 991

North Carolina 978

Montana 962

Louisiana 929

Massachusetts 898

Vermont 837

New Hampshire 829

Alaska 827

West Virginia 826

Alabama 761

Illinois 751

Iowa 721

Idaho 710

Mississippi 693

Arkansas 444

North Dakota 305

Wyoming 220

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2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Idaho $21950 $28430 295

Delaware 21570 27670 283

Rhode Island 22010 26650 211

Washington 25110 29870 190

New Mexico 20550 24440 189

West Virginia 17450 20650 183

Oklahoma 19510 23030 180

Nebraska 20450 24040 176

Hawaii 25160 29530 174

Wyoming 19150 22390 169

Arizona 21680 25150 160

South Dakota 19510 22560 156

Oregon 25290 29120 151

Colorado 24370 27890 144

Iowa 21990 24930 134

Massachusetts 27090 30690 133

Virginia 22980 25940 129

New Hampshire 24430 27530 127

Georgia 22660 25420 122

Wisconsin 24080 26890 117

Alabama 19850 22160 116

New Jersey 26060 28990 112

Michigan 23070 25640 111

Maryland 24110 26750 109

South Carolina 21490 23800 107

Indiana 23140 25550 104

Montana 21300 23420 100

Utah 20340 22280 95

Illinois 25830 28280 95

Kansas 20760 22720 94

North Carolina 23260 25250 86

Missouri 21620 23470 86

California 26870 29160 85

Maine 24390 26440 84

Minnesota 26150 28260 81

Ohio 22440 24160 77

Nevada 25000 26880 75

Florida 22640 24150 67

Kentucky 21720 23100 64

Mississippi 19190 20280 57

Louisiana 20310 21390 53

Arkansas 20270 21300 51

Texas 21210 22230 48

Tennessee 22270 23340 48

District of Columbia 30570 31640 35

Pennsylvania 23740 24560 35

Connecticut 29320 29920 20

North Dakota 21480 21840 17

New York 26720 27160 16

Alaska 31220 31370 05

Vermont 27210 26250 -35

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Idaho $28430 $32770

Montana 23420 29880

South Dakota 22560 29080

Maine 26440 33480

Iowa 24930 31990

Hawaii 29530 36750

Nevada 26880 34300

Oregon 29120 36980

Oklahoma 23030 31150

South Carolina 23800 31940

Arkansas 21300 29560

Indiana 25550 33820

Wisconsin 26890 35240

Mississippi 20280 28630

Vermont 26250 34650

New Mexico 24440 33000

North Dakota 21840 30620

North Carolina 25250 34120

Nebraska 24040 33060

Kentucky 23100 32170

Tennessee 23340 32730

Florida 24150 33750

Arizona 25150 34880

Alabama 22160 31940

West Virginia 20650 30470

Louisiana 21390 31230

New Hampshire 27530 37450

Wyoming 22390 32510

Illinois 28280 38580

Georgia 25420 35840

Alaska 31370 42170

Washington 29870 40860

Missouri 23470 34460

Kansas 22720 33780

Delaware 27670 39050

Pennsylvania 24560 35970

Minnesota 28260 39840

Rhode Island 26650 38240

Ohio 24160 35910

Utah 22280 34110

Colorado 27890 39820

California 29160 41980

Texas 22230 35310

Virginia 25940 39130

Michigan 25640 39590

New Jersey 28990 43040

Connecticut 29920 44400

Maryland 26750 41360

Massachusetts 30690 45290

New York 27160 43590

District of Columbia 31640 57980

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146 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

California $19340 $43360 1242

Illinois 19070 41980 1201

Idaho 18820 40880 1172

New Jersey 18950 40550 1140

Texas 14790 31020 1097

Virginia 18770 37620 1004

Alabama 15590 30590 962

Arkansas 15110 29320 940

New York 19180 36880 923

District of Columbia 22390 42730 908

Rhode Island 19510 36890 891

New Mexico 18120 34080 881

Missouri 16900 31760 879

Louisiana 15000 27970 865

Pennsylvania 17770 32940 854

Arizona 18500 34290 854

West Virginia 14720 27250 851

Colorado 19600 36200 847

Oregon 21270 39100 838

Maine 19240 35270 833

Maryland 19390 35200 815

Wyoming 15980 28530 785

North Carolina 18850 33450 775

Indiana 19110 33840 771

Mississippi 15000 26480 765

Nevada 19750 34840 764

Georgia 18800 33010 756

Kentucky 16850 29580 755

North Dakota 16170 28360 754

Tennessee 17700 31020 753

Washington 21980 38410 747

Florida 18430 32200 747

Iowa 18790 32750 743

Minnesota 20560 35600 732

Oklahoma 16860 28870 712

Alaska 23990 41000 709

Nebraska 18490 31550 706

Ohio 18580 31660 704

Delaware 21220 36090 701

Michigan 19520 32980 690

South Carolina 18220 30550 677

Wisconsin 20670 34270 658

Massachusetts 23540 38970 655

Vermont 20220 33320 648

Connecticut 23390 38440 643

Kansas 17820 29080 632

Hawaii 22630 36400 608

Montana 18270 29060 591

South Dakota 18400 27900 516

Utah 18280 27710 516

New Hampshire 22860 34460 507

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Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 528

Utah 375

Idaho 370

Nevada 329

Colorado 296

New Hampshire 286

New Mexico 274

Georgia 274

Virginia 271

Minnesota 268

Florida 255

Kansas 250

Wisconsin 250

Mississippi 248

North Carolina 246

Texas 246

Oregon 238

Tennessee 237

Maine 236

Arkansas 220

Montana 217

Alabama 211

Washington 206

New Jersey 205

Alaska 200

Maryland 195

Indiana 193

South Dakota 191

California 190

Oklahoma 160

Missouri 154

West Virginia 145

Massachusetts 143

Kentucky 139

Michigan 139

Vermont 138

Ohio 128

Hawaii 125

Louisiana 123

Iowa 120

Rhode Island 118

Wyoming 111

Nebraska 105

Illinois 100

North Dakota 98

Delaware 93

New York 84

South Carolina 79

Connecticut 69

Pennsylvania 61

District of Columbia 00

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 926

Arizona 874

Minnesota 764

Missouri 745

Pennsylvania 732

Massachusetts 675

South Carolina 675

Maryland 670

North Dakota 661

Tennessee 654

West Virginia 636

Alabama 625

Vermont 599

Utah 586

Kansas 575

North Carolina 571

Iowa 552

Washington 536

Georgia 535

Delaware 533

Indiana 531

Nebraska 530

Louisiana 527

Arkansas 516

New Jersey 513

South Dakota 509

Ohio 494

Mississippi 480

Oklahoma 467

New York 467

Texas 458

Kentucky 455

Hawaii 454

Maine 453

New Mexico 453

Michigan 452

Florida 415

Colorado 414

Illinois 410

Oregon 406

Rhode Island 396

Wisconsin 382

Connecticut 376

Virginia 368

California 360

Nevada 337

Alaska 312

Montana 299

New Hampshire 241

Idaho 223

Wyoming 180

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 1000

Hawaii 1000

Pennsylvania 817

South Carolina 800

Connecticut 775

New York 750

Illinois 728

Delaware 706

Nebraska 706

Iowa 692

Rhode Island 688

Ohio 679

Louisiana 678

Vermont 667

Michigan 659

Kentucky 658

West Virginia 646

Missouri 639

Oklahoma 629

Massachusetts 622

South Dakota 611

Alaska 600

New Jersey 600

California 586

Washington 581

Indiana 580

Maryland 576

Montana 571

Arkansas 559

Alabama 556

Wisconsin 545

New Mexico 540

Maine 533

Tennessee 526

Texas 524

Mississippi 521

North Carolina 520

Oregon 514

Florida 508

Georgia 500

Minnesota 500

Virginia 497

Kansas 494

New Hampshire 471

Colorado 444

Utah 444

Idaho 421

Nevada 375

Arizona 338

North Dakota 267

Wyoming NA

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2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Illinois $28780 $37200 293

Louisiana 23610 29230 238

Georgia 24420 30050 231

New Hampshire 33710 41100 219

Virginia 26200 31550 204

West Virginia 25430 30480 199

Kentucky 27080 32400 196

Iowa 26440 31620 196

Wisconsin 28820 34220 187

Florida 26170 31040 186

Missouri 24620 29170 185

Indiana 26980 31790 178

Mississippi 24110 28290 173

Nebraska 24960 29220 171

North Carolina 26700 31260 171

New York 32750 38080 163

Minnesota 31300 36170 156

Arizona 25750 29460 144

Kansas 25280 28850 141

Hawaii 31280 35520 136

Colorado 29510 33500 135

New Jersey 34080 38660 134

Tennessee 24830 28060 130

Alaska 39180 44070 125

Michigan 29070 32650 123

Maryland 32340 36290 122

Arkansas 25880 28920 117

California 33590 37200 107

Maine 28590 31620 106

Ohio 27730 30660 106

South Dakota 25450 28140 106

Alabama 25540 28130 101

Pennsylvania 30430 33300 94

Oregon 32920 35940 92

Massachusetts 33230 36180 89

Oklahoma 25050 27130 83

South Carolina 28870 31210 81

Rhode Island 40160 43190 75

Texas 26610 28600 75

Wyoming 26790 28700 71

District of Columbia 32510 34780 70

Washington 30900 32820 62

Idaho 30160 31990 61

Montana 28110 29600 53

North Dakota 28540 29890 47

Connecticut 36540 37970 39

Delaware 28870 29610 26

New Mexico 33780 33810 01

Utah 24990 23460 -61

Nevada 34240 32100 -63

Vermont 28220 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Rhode Island $43190 $38240

New Hampshire 41100 37450

Alaska 44070 42170

New Mexico 33810 33000

Kentucky 32400 32170

West Virginia 30480 30470

Montana 29600 29880

Mississippi 28290 28630

Iowa 31620 31990

Arkansas 28920 29560

South Carolina 31210 31940

North Dakota 29890 30620

Idaho 31990 32770

South Dakota 28140 29080

Wisconsin 34220 35240

Oregon 35940 36980

Hawaii 35520 36750

Illinois 37200 38580

Maine 31620 33480

Louisiana 29230 31230

Indiana 31790 33820

Nevada 32100 34300

Pennsylvania 33300 35970

Florida 31040 33750

North Carolina 31260 34120

Minnesota 36170 39840

Alabama 28130 31940

Wyoming 28700 32510

Nebraska 29220 33060

Oklahoma 27130 31150

Puerto Rico 18020 22070

New Jersey 38660 43040

Tennessee 28060 32730

California 37200 41980

Kansas 28850 33780

Maryland 36290 41360

Ohio 30660 35910

Missouri 29170 34460

Arizona 29460 34880

New York 38080 43590

Georgia 30050 35840

Colorado 33500 39820

Connecticut 37970 44400

Texas 28600 35310

Michigan 32650 39590

Virginia 31550 39130

Washington 32820 40860

Massachusetts 36180 45290

Delaware 29610 39050

Utah 23460 34110

District of Columbia 34780 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 149

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Michigan $17120 $56980 2328

Idaho 20150 53770 1668

Rhode Island 26010 68100 1618

Illinois 22180 57060 1573

Delaware 17840 45640 1558

Louisiana 17910 45360 1533

Alaska 27300 66280 1428

New Mexico 21590 51910 1404

California 23560 56350 1392

New Hampshire 26730 63130 1362

Arizona 18700 44030 1355

Connecticut 24940 57740 1315

South Carolina 19380 44850 1314

Missouri 18820 43230 1297

Maryland 23650 54170 1290

Indiana 20120 45960 1284

Kansas 18610 42510 1284

Florida 19780 45100 1280

Oklahoma 17750 40200 1265

Georgia 19150 43280 1260

Nevada 20560 46280 1251

Mississippi 18260 40950 1243

Oregon 23460 52540 1240

Alabama 18570 41370 1228

West Virginia 19280 42940 1227

District of Columbia 22570 49930 1212

Virginia 20620 44960 1180

Wyoming 19460 42430 1180

Tennessee 18390 39390 1142

Massachusetts 24600 52030 1115

Pennsylvania 21640 45680 1111

New York 25840 54530 1110

Nebraska 19770 41600 1104

Colorado 22570 47380 1099

Kentucky 21580 44610 1067

Utah 16320 33560 1056

Arkansas 19660 40260 1048

Texas 19480 39860 1046

Maine 21240 43320 1040

Iowa 21450 43400 1023

North Carolina 21720 42930 977

Montana 20100 39080 944

Ohio 21840 41360 894

Wisconsin 24380 45830 880

New Jersey 27940 51830 855

Washington 24210 43530 798

North Dakota 22180 39300 772

South Dakota 20930 36880 762

Hawaii 26490 45890 732

Minnesota 27070 45690 688

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Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 731

Nevada 670

Idaho 628

Georgia 599

Colorado 591

New Mexico 581

Utah 566

Texas 553

Tennessee 551

Kansas 551

Maine 546

Wisconsin 544

Virginia 529

Alaska 528

Florida 522

Arkansas 501

Minnesota 492

South Dakota 488

North Carolina 483

Alabama 461

Vermont 457

Montana 456

Massachusetts 451

Indiana 444

Maryland 429

New Jersey 417

Mississippi 415

Oklahoma 415

California 413

Hawaii 411

Iowa 402

Kentucky 398

Ohio 394

Missouri 389

Rhode Island 367

Delaware 367

Illinois 365

New York 356

North Dakota 354

Louisiana 349

West Virginia 348

Nebraska 340

South Carolina 317

Michigan 315

Connecticut 307

Wyoming 286

Pennsylvania 266

Oregon 249

New Hampshire 245

District of Columbia 201

Washington 192

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Oregon 517

New Hampshire 473

Colorado 466

Washington 436

District of Columbia 429

Wyoming 400

Pennsylvania 350

Hawaii 333

Massachusetts 330

Michigan 312

New Jersey 308

North Dakota 300

Nebraska 298

Kansas 292

South Carolina 290

West Virginia 286

Connecticut 283

Illinois 282

New York 281

Rhode Island 273

Ohio 267

Delaware 267

Kentucky 265

Louisiana 264

Maryland 260

Mississippi 260

Missouri 257

California 253

Alabama 250

Indiana 247

Iowa 238

Montana 235

North Carolina 235

Arkansas 228

Oklahoma 227

Minnesota 224

Vermont 222

Wisconsin 222

South Dakota 220

Virginia 213

Florida 213

Maine 213

Tennessee 211

New Mexico 210

Texas 208

Utah 200

Nevada 189

Georgia 186

Idaho 180

Arizona 164

Alaska 50

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

New Hampshire 1571

District of Columbia 1420

South Dakota 1051

North Dakota 948

Missouri 775

New Mexico 733

Kansas 730

Wisconsin 717

Massachusetts 702

Nebraska 688

Washington 686

Maine 683

Oregon 673

North Carolina 653

Mississippi 644

Minnesota 642

Iowa 641

Utah 625

Montana 619

Kentucky 616

Florida 614

Rhode Island 607

Oklahoma 588

Alaska 562

Ohio 557

Arizona 551

West Virginia 550

South Carolina 546

Indiana 523

Louisiana 511

Alabama 509

Nevada 503

Colorado 500

Illinois 500

Vermont 487

Pennsylvania 482

Michigan 480

Idaho 478

Tennessee 476

Georgia 461

Virginia 461

Hawaii 454

Arkansas 453

California 429

Wyoming 421

Texas 412

Maryland 402

Connecticut 396

Delaware 372

New York 336

New Jersey 280

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 151

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

District of Columbia $27140 $35890 322

New Jersey 28610 37350 305

Nevada 24370 31170 279

Wisconsin 22370 28130 257

Virginia 23460 28990 236

West Virginia 18880 23210 229

Maryland 26940 32870 220

Minnesota 24850 30280 219

Massachusetts 24880 30290 217

Arkansas 21810 26450 213

Delaware 23830 28530 197

Maine 21950 26270 197

Kentucky 22680 26850 184

Michigan 25510 30210 184

New York 27940 33030 182

Connecticut 29200 34390 178

North Dakota 20390 23950 175

Florida 23460 27380 167

Ohio 23680 27580 165

Indiana 22440 26120 164

Wyoming 22050 25650 163

Missouri 22430 26110 164

North Carolina 23130 26880 162

Idaho 21460 24850 158

Oklahoma 21300 24620 156

Mississippi 20440 23610 155

Montana 21100 24320 153

Alabama 19820 22840 152

Kansas 21900 25230 152

Pennsylvania 24920 28460 142

New Hampshire 24800 28330 142

South Dakota 22950 26210 142

Washington 26430 30170 142

Georgia 23890 27230 140

Colorado 27230 31010 139

Rhode Island 27550 31190 132

New Mexico 22610 25570 131

Tennessee 22010 24630 119

Illinois 23510 26140 112

Oregon 25960 28760 108

California 28740 31810 107

South Carolina 24390 26700 95

Texas 23450 25550 90

Nebraska 23860 25940 87

Iowa 22800 24770 86

Arizona 25200 27200 79

Alaska 30440 31470 34

Louisiana 22590 22440 -07

Hawaii 33080 31100 -60

Vermont 29900 28000 -64

Utah 21530 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

South Dakota $26210 $29080

Arkansas 26450 29560

Nevada 31170 34300

Mississippi 23610 28630

South Carolina 26700 31940

Kentucky 26850 32170

Montana 24320 29880

Hawaii 31100 36750

New Jersey 37350 43040

Florida 27380 33750

Oklahoma 24620 31150

Vermont 28000 34650

North Dakota 23950 30620

Wyoming 25650 32510

Rhode Island 31190 38240

Nebraska 25940 33060

Wisconsin 28130 35240

Maine 26270 33480

Iowa 24770 31990

North Carolina 26880 34120

West Virginia 23210 30470

New Mexico 25570 33000

Pennsylvania 28460 35970

Arizona 27200 34880

Indiana 26120 33820

Idaho 24850 32770

Tennessee 24630 32730

Oregon 28760 36980

Ohio 27580 35910

Missouri 26110 34460

Maryland 32870 41360

Kansas 25230 33780

Georgia 27230 35840

Colorado 31010 39820

Louisiana 22440 31230

Alabama 22840 31940

New Hampshire 28330 37450

Michigan 30210 39590

Minnesota 30280 39840

Texas 25550 35310

Connecticut 34390 44400

Virginia 28990 39130

California 31810 41980

Delaware 28530 39050

New York 33030 43590

Alaska 31470 42170

Washington 30170 40860

Illinois 26140 38580

Massachusetts 30290 45290

District of Columbia 35890 57980

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152 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Maryland $20280 $51010 1515

California 19480 48760 1503

Arkansas 16580 41320 1492

Kentucky 16670 41470 1488

South Carolina 17070 41960 1458

Louisiana 14290 34790 1435

Michigan 18960 45480 1399

Texas 16350 38400 1349

Virginia 18270 42500 1326

North Carolina 17810 41230 1315

Oklahoma 15540 35940 1313

New Jersey 23450 54130 1308

Alabama 15190 34970 1302

Missouri 17000 39060 1298

Pennsylvania 18490 42430 1295

Georgia 17650 40320 1284

New York 20400 46450 1277

West Virginia 15260 34470 1259

Connecticut 22590 50920 1254

Oregon 18620 41930 1252

Mississippi 15830 35610 1250

Florida 18310 41140 1247

Colorado 20080 44700 1226

Illinois 17200 37840 1200

Kansas 16810 36910 1196

District of Columbia 23950 52470 1191

New Hampshire 18950 41510 1191

Arizona 18370 40230 1190

Tennessee 16440 35880 1182

South Dakota 17760 38580 1172

Wisconsin 19210 41620 1167

Massachusetts 20080 43490 1166

New Mexico 16840 36430 1163

Iowa 16790 36230 1158

Rhode Island 20270 43520 1147

Minnesota 20150 43020 1135

Washington 20090 42890 1135

Nevada 20680 44070 1131

Hawaii 21790 46360 1128

Vermont 19000 39920 1101

Indiana 18170 37670 1073

Montana 16490 34180 1073

Ohio 18880 39090 1070

Nebraska 18220 37040 1033

Wyoming 18020 36270 1013

North Dakota 16860 33780 1004

Maine 18920 36950 953

Delaware 21120 39470 869

Idaho 18800 33570 786

Alaska 23840 42250 772

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Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Nebraska 376

Alaska 328

Kentucky 312

Vermont 290

Washington 280

Louisiana 261

Wyoming 260

Arkansas 246

District of Columbia 239

Oregon 216

Connecticut 199

Maine 194

Montana 193

Maryland 187

South Carolina 183

Texas 182

Minnesota 179

South Dakota 170

Kansas 170

Colorado 165

Ohio 164

West Virginia 160

Massachusetts 158

Missouri 151

Alabama 150

Utah 147

Virginia 144

Wisconsin 143

Nevada 143

New Hampshire 138

New York 136

Indiana 133

Hawaii 130

Idaho 125

Michigan 122

Pennsylvania 121

North Carolina 117

North Dakota 114

Oklahoma 106

California 100

Illinois 95

Georgia 95

Iowa 92

Florida 92

Mississippi 76

Rhode Island 75

Arizona 72

Tennessee 66

Delaware NA

New Mexico NA

New Jersey NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

North Dakota 1000

Tennessee 1000

Utah 1000

West Virginia 857

Connecticut 800

Wyoming 800

Pennsylvania 769

Alabama 750

Michigan 750

New York 750

Kansas 737

Indiana 733

Massachusetts 722

Virginia 719

Alaska 700

Georgia 700

Louisiana 700

Oregon 700

Ohio 695

Arkansas 682

District of Columbia 667

Kentucky 667

Maine 667

Montana 667

New Hampshire 667

Rhode Island 667

Wisconsin 667

Missouri 633

Washington 633

Maryland 629

Minnesota 625

South Dakota 600

Illinois 591

Texas 586

Nebraska 583

Vermont 571

Mississippi 556

Nevada 550

California 533

Arizona 529

Florida 517

Idaho 500

Iowa 500

North Carolina 500

Oklahoma 500

Colorado 440

Delaware NA

Hawaii NA

New Jersey NA

New Mexico NA

South Carolina NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Nevada 290

Idaho 268

Utah 206

Arizona 205

California 200

Florida 190

Colorado 189

Wisconsin 179

North Carolina 175

Vermont 173

Mississippi 161

Nebraska 155

Wyoming 154

Illinois 153

Texas 152

Montana 136

Oklahoma 135

Minnesota 134

South Dakota 132

Maine 131

Washington 129

Missouri 128

Hawaii 125

Maryland 123

New Hampshire 119

Oregon 118

Iowa 111

Kentucky 110

Kansas 109

Arkansas 105

Alabama 104

Louisiana 103

Rhode Island 100

Massachusetts 99

Indiana 98

Ohio 96

Alaska 95

North Dakota 83

Virginia 83

Tennessee 79

Georgia 74

Michigan 73

New York 62

Pennsylvania 60

Connecticut 58

District of Columbia 37

South Carolina 13

West Virginia 07

Delaware NA

New Jersey NA

New Mexico NA

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2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Mississippi $32550 $48580 492

Arkansas 33370 48460 452

District of Columbia 53720 76790 429

Illinois 44190 63010 426

Wisconsin 36280 51570 421

Arizona 39770 56080 410

Rhode Island 43080 60280 399

Massachusetts 46360 64590 393

Maryland 44300 61170 381

New Mexico 36930 50690 373

Maine 40700 54400 337

Iowa 38790 51360 324

Tennessee 38590 50970 321

North Carolina 39530 51680 307

Louisiana 36680 47900 306

Georgia 42780 55290 292

Delaware 44990 58020 290

Hawaii 43450 55540 278

South Carolina 30050 38390 278

New Hampshire 47050 59370 262

Washington 47400 59450 254

Nebraska 39520 49420 251

Wyoming 48240 59460 233

Nevada 45470 55660 224

Montana 39930 48890 224

Indiana 41460 50730 224

Vermont 41220 50060 214

Texas 41400 50000 208

Pennsylvania 46740 56330 205

New York 48190 57810 200

Colorado 50350 60260 197

Kansas 37710 45100 196

New Jersey 48610 57720 187

South Dakota 41140 48500 179

Minnesota 49010 57460 172

Connecticut 48440 56630 169

Michigan 49130 56970 160

Kentucky 42780 49530 158

Ohio 43780 49950 141

California 52990 59980 132

Oregon 45200 51110 131

West Virginia 52030 58690 128

Missouri 43220 47520 99

Florida 47650 51860 88

Virginia 46930 50690 80

North Dakota 45330 48760 76

Utah 52140 52760 12

Alabama 48430 47860 -12

Alaska 72550 69920 -36

Oklahoma 51000 48950 -40

Idaho NA 57540 NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

West Virginia $58690 $30470

Alaska 69920 42170

Wyoming 59460 32510

Idaho 57540 32770

Illinois 63010 38580

Rhode Island 60280 38240

New Hampshire 59370 37450

Nevada 55660 34300

Arizona 56080 34880

Maine 54400 33480

Colorado 60260 39820

Pennsylvania 56330 35970

Mississippi 48580 28630

Maryland 61170 41360

Georgia 55290 35840

South Dakota 48500 29080

Iowa 51360 31990

Massachusetts 64590 45290

Montana 48890 29880

Delaware 58020 39050

Arkansas 48460 29560

District of Columbia 76790 57980

Hawaii 55540 36750

Utah 52760 34110

Washington 59450 40860

Tennessee 50970 32730

North Dakota 48760 30620

Florida 51860 33750

California 59980 41980

Oklahoma 48950 31150

New Mexico 50690 33000

Minnesota 57460 39840

North Carolina 51680 34120

Michigan 56970 39590

Kentucky 49530 32170

Indiana 50730 33820

Louisiana 47900 31230

Nebraska 49420 33060

Wisconsin 51570 35240

Alabama 47860 31940

Vermont 50060 34650

New Jersey 57720 43040

Texas 50000 35310

New York 57810 43590

Oregon 51110 36980

Ohio 49950 35910

Missouri 47520 34460

Connecticut 56630 44400

Virginia 50690 39130

Kansas 45100 33780

South Carolina 38390 31940

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 155

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Georgia $25560 $87400 2419

Oklahoma 24200 79280 2276

Louisiana 22230 69910 2145

Alabama 24760 76250 2080

Indiana 27450 84120 2064

Mississippi 25130 75640 2010

Illinois 29930 88790 1967

Texas 26610 78870 1964

Tennessee 26710 77310 1894

Ohio 27790 77000 1771

New Mexico 26220 71660 1733

Pennsylvania 32160 85780 1667

Colorado 33650 87990 1615

Nebraska 30270 78460 1592

Kansas 29280 75450 1577

Missouri 27730 70770 1552

Idaho 35550 90720 1552

Wyoming 35650 88510 1483

California 35640 87000 1441

Arizona 34540 83620 1421

South Carolina 23160 55650 1403

Virginia 31600 75260 1382

New York 36070 84810 1351

Michigan 36370 83820 1305

Maryland 37450 86280 1304

Hawaii 36260 82290 1269

West Virginia 38350 86860 1265

Iowa 31130 70470 1264

New Hampshire 37640 85200 1264

North Dakota 31910 72070 1259

Utah 32620 73240 1245

Connecticut 36970 82080 1220

North Carolina 34300 76000 1216

Massachusetts 40070 88560 1210

Nevada 34960 77220 1209

Wisconsin 33670 73140 1172

Montana 33720 72930 1163

Kentucky 31570 68250 1162

Florida 34030 73420 1158

New Jersey 37580 80810 1150

Alaska 46530 98010 1106

Oregon 34960 72230 1066

Delaware 38930 79770 1049

District of Columbia 51690 104710 1026

Rhode Island 42410 85560 1017

Arkansas 33110 64770 956

Washington 42620 83210 952

Maine 38140 73560 929

South Dakota 36470 69110 895

Minnesota 40110 74590 860

Vermont 36840 67160 823

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Total Growth

State Percentage

Nevada 624

Alaska 583

Utah 554

Colorado 515

Idaho 506

Arizona 495

Wyoming 455

Delaware 443

Kansas 399

New Hampshire 391

Mississippi 389

Montana 382

New Mexico 350

Texas 340

North Carolina 333

Vermont 332

Florida 315

California 312

Oregon 306

Georgia 298

Wisconsin 293

South Dakota 289

Alabama 289

Oklahoma 288

Maine 287

Arkansas 284

New Jersey 280

Virginia 274

Minnesota 269

Missouri 267

Maryland 266

Nebraska 265

Iowa 257

Kentucky 253

Louisiana 245

Tennessee 244

Massachusetts 240

Illinois 237

Ohio 236

West Virginia 221

Indiana 220

South Carolina 213

Connecticut 206

North Dakota 205

Michigan 205

Hawaii 202

Pennsylvania 191

New York 190

Washington 179

Rhode Island 179

District of Columbia 50

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 750

Massachusetts 519

Oregon 505

Colorado 467

Washington 423

New York 419

Rhode Island 419

Pennsylvania 406

Kansas 400

North Dakota 400

South Carolina 400

Michigan 391

Indiana 388

West Virginia 377

Illinois 356

Ohio 356

Tennessee 351

Connecticut 350

Louisiana 350

Kentucky 340

Hawaii 333

New Jersey 333

Minnesota 330

Maryland 329

Nebraska 327

Missouri 324

Virginia 322

Maine 318

Iowa 316

Arkansas 315

Wisconsin 313

Georgia 312

Oklahoma 309

Alabama 303

Alaska 300

New Mexico 300

South Dakota 300

Florida 297

California 293

North Carolina 290

Texas 279

Vermont 278

Montana 259

Mississippi 256

New Hampshire 244

Delaware 235

Idaho 211

Arizona 207

Nevada 176

Utah 167

Wyoming 00

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Oregon 1010

West Virginia 956

Missouri 937

South Dakota 934

Rhode Island 926

Kentucky 918

Alabama 897

Minnesota 879

Florida 870

Ohio 860

Michigan 844

Tennessee 841

Iowa 830

North Carolina 813

Maine 810

Pennsylvania 809

Texas 806

Nevada 800

Arkansas 796

District of Columbia 783

Illinois 774

Indiana 766

Oklahoma 765

South Carolina 765

Nebraska 764

Hawaii 761

Delaware 757

Virginia 729

Utah 724

Massachusetts 722

Connecticut 717

Maryland 704

Georgia 703

Louisiana 701

Wisconsin 697

Washington 691

New Hampshire 677

Idaho 660

New Mexico 647

Vermont 624

Mississippi 603

New Jersey 583

Kansas 582

Alaska 562

Montana 560

California 532

Arizona 525

Colorado 522

New York 502

North Dakota 484

Wyoming 441

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 157

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

District of Columbia $23620 $31190 320

Connecticut 22020 28000 272

Alabama 17090 21520 259

Arizona 21030 26350 253

Maine 19080 23870 251

Rhode Island 20160 25140 247

Louisiana 18310 22810 246

Georgia 19390 24120 244

Maryland 21530 26740 242

Nebraska 19800 24460 235

New York 21500 26490 232

Texas 20800 25580 230

Kansas 19620 24040 225

Virginia 19550 23840 219

North Dakota 20570 25070 219

North Carolina 19060 23120 213

Massachusetts 22040 26640 209

Michigan 21180 25440 201

Alaska 27470 32710 191

Montana 21900 26060 190

South Carolina 20090 23830 186

New Mexico 22040 26150 186

Wyoming 21970 25930 180

Ohio 19580 23100 180

Minnesota 23240 27250 173

Indiana 20180 23660 172

New Hampshire 19960 23380 171

Illinois 20920 24480 170

Idaho 21860 25560 169

Nevada 25200 29440 168

Washington 27010 31480 165

Wisconsin 20450 23770 162

Oregon 25310 29370 160

Mississippi 18770 21710 157

New Jersey 21160 24440 155

Oklahoma 18850 21620 147

Arkansas 17830 20450 147

Missouri 19060 21790 143

Tennessee 20540 23410 140

South Dakota 21710 24740 140

Utah 23690 26990 139

West Virginia 18250 20710 135

Iowa 20280 22590 114

Florida 20160 22360 109

Colorado 25780 28590 109

Hawaii 24860 27550 108

Kentucky 20000 22030 102

Pennsylvania 19380 21300 99

California 30660 33090 79

Vermont 21160 22760 76

Delaware 18990 20270 67

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Montana $26060 $29880

South Dakota 24740 29080

Nevada 29440 34300

North Dakota 25070 30620

Virgin Islands 22530 28340

Wyoming 25930 32510

New Mexico 26150 33000

Mississippi 21710 28630

Utah 26990 34110

Idaho 25560 32770

Oregon 29370 36980

South Carolina 23830 31940

Louisiana 22810 31230

Arizona 26350 34880

Nebraska 24460 33060

California 33090 41980

Arkansas 20450 29560

Hawaii 27550 36750

Tennessee 23410 32730

Washington 31480 40860

Iowa 22590 31990

Alaska 32710 42170

Oklahoma 21620 31150

Maine 23870 33480

Kansas 24040 33780

Texas 25580 35310

West Virginia 20710 30470

Kentucky 22030 32170

Indiana 23660 33820

Alabama 21520 31940

North Carolina 23120 34120

Colorado 28590 39820

Florida 22360 33750

Wisconsin 23770 35240

Georgia 24120 35840

Vermont 22760 34650

Minnesota 27250 39840

Missouri 21790 34460

Ohio 23100 35910

Rhode Island 25140 38240

New Hampshire 23380 37450

Illinois 24480 38580

Michigan 25440 39590

Maryland 26740 41360

Pennsylvania 21300 35970

Virginia 23840 39130

Connecticut 28000 44400

New York 26490 43590

New Jersey 24440 43040

Massachusetts 26640 45290

Delaware 20270 39050

District of Columbia 31190 57980

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158 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Rhode Island $14680 $36690 1499

New York 16740 38630 1308

Delaware 13540 30590 1259

Georgia 16160 34090 1110

Kentucky 14890 31250 1099

North Carolina 15580 32450 1083

Maryland 18620 38760 1082

Connecticut 18970 39480 1081

West Virginia 14250 29590 1076

Pennsylvania 14650 30400 1075

Vermont 15510 32020 1064

New Jersey 16750 34540 1062

Ohio 15690 32240 1055

New Mexico 18290 37160 1032

Wisconsin 16260 32580 1004

Tennessee 16300 31980 962

South Carolina 16660 32380 944

Missouri 15360 29650 930

Mississippi 15480 29840 928

Virginia 17020 32690 921

Hawaii 18720 35710 908

Louisiana 15900 30240 902

Massachusetts 19050 36210 901

Kansas 17460 32950 887

Maine 17050 32060 880

New Hampshire 16980 31850 876

Indiana 16880 31460 864

Illinois 18160 33730 857

Florida 16060 29770 854

Wyoming 18960 34840 838

Arizona 19220 35250 834

Michigan 18630 34010 826

California 24060 43620 813

Minnesota 19650 35570 810

Idaho 18690 33710 804

North Dakota 19340 34870 803

Alabama 15600 27990 794

Texas 18720 33580 794

Iowa 16350 29160 783

Colorado 20440 36160 769

Oklahoma 15880 28030 765

Nebraska 18500 32490 756

South Dakota 19030 33310 750

Arkansas 15450 26990 747

Montana 19610 34030 735

Alaska 24420 41870 715

District of Columbia 23990 40640 694

Oregon 21430 36110 685

Nevada 21770 36210 663

Utah 20650 34340 663

Washington 24130 39490 637

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 159

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 507

Idaho 460

Nevada 416

Utah 392

Colorado 364

Wyoming 346

New Mexico 323

North Carolina 315

Arkansas 314

Georgia 311

New Hampshire 308

Texas 300

Mississippi 299

Kansas 299

Florida 297

Virginia 278

Minnesota 277

Wisconsin 277

South Dakota 270

Alaska 267

Montana 254

New Jersey 246

Missouri 243

Oregon 240

Maine 232

Indiana 226

Tennessee 221

California 215

Alabama 214

Maryland 212

Delaware 204

Washington 201

West Virginia 198

Rhode Island 194

Ohio 186

Oklahoma 185

North Dakota 180

Iowa 180

Massachusetts 174

Hawaii 167

Nebraska 165

New York 164

Connecticut 153

Louisiana 149

Vermont 147

Michigan 128

Kentucky 122

Illinois 122

South Carolina 70

Pennsylvania 64

District of Columbia 26

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 833

South Carolina 750

Pennsylvania 743

Illinois 608

Kentucky 604

Michigan 589

Vermont 583

Louisiana 580

Massachusetts 555

Connecticut 550

Iowa 538

Nebraska 538

New York 526

Oklahoma 525

Hawaii 500

North Dakota 500

Ohio 500

Washington 500

Rhode Island 485

West Virginia 481

Delaware 476

Oregon 475

Maryland 472

Tennessee 469

California 466

Indiana 459

Alabama 458

Colorado 458

Missouri 447

Maine 441

New Jersey 440

Montana 419

Kansas 418

Wisconsin 412

Minnesota 404

Virginia 403

New Mexico 400

Florida 392

South Dakota 389

Mississippi 388

Texas 385

Georgia 377

Utah 375

New Hampshire 371

Arkansas 370

North Carolina 367

Nevada 304

Idaho 294

Arizona 270

Alaska 100

Wyoming 00

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

South Dakota 1045

District of Columbia 1004

South Carolina 867

Connecticut 853

Nebraska 848

Kentucky 838

Rhode Island 819

Montana 775

West Virginia 743

Ohio 743

Arkansas 736

Pennsylvania 725

Arizona 725

Massachusetts 719

North Carolina 710

Missouri 673

Tennessee 672

Wisconsin 671

Delaware 670

Virginia 669

New Jersey 665

Indiana 661

Alabama 656

Florida 651

Maine 635

Louisiana 630

Minnesota 626

Iowa 617

Utah 616

Idaho 591

Oklahoma 588

Vermont 584

Mississippi 574

Maryland 569

Kansas 568

New York 557

New Hampshire 547

Hawaii 535

Nevada 526

Wyoming 521

Georgia 515

Michigan 515

Texas 513

North Dakota 508

New Mexico 501

Illinois 500

Washington 493

Oregon 485

Colorado 476

Alaska 468

California 412

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Technolo

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160 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Missouri $33770 $54220 606

Maine 33710 45960 363

Massachusetts 42190 57070 353

Montana 30430 41150 352

Louisiana 31100 41210 325

Georgia 33050 43640 320

Pennsylvania 32740 43070 316

Wisconsin 34270 45040 314

Kansas 31220 40760 306

New Mexico 35420 45860 295

Nebraska 30300 39180 293

Iowa 30070 38790 290

Indiana 33620 43210 285

Colorado 36560 46800 280

Ohio 33380 42580 276

West Virginia 29950 38000 269

Arizona 35190 44550 266

Washington 40990 51660 260

Vermont 35310 44440 259

Virginia 34620 43560 258

Connecticut 40290 50390 251

Rhode Island 40100 50090 249

Texas 34430 42950 247

North Carolina 35810 44600 245

New Hampshire 38220 47550 244

Michigan 35590 44200 242

Minnesota 39200 48650 241

Oregon 40310 49980 240

Alaska 45740 56330 232

Kentucky 33350 40920 227

Illinois 35410 43130 218

New Jersey 43800 53260 216

Maryland 43850 53300 216

Oklahoma 32540 39510 214

Wyoming 36160 43900 214

Idaho 34940 42270 210

Florida 35840 43220 206

Nevada 41920 50510 205

South Dakota 33940 40770 201

Arkansas 31930 38240 198

District of Columbia 40490 48370 195

Mississippi 32750 38840 186

New York 44000 52130 185

Hawaii 43790 51880 185

California 44650 52810 183

Utah 34970 40910 170

South Carolina 37020 42650 152

Alabama 33800 38650 143

Delaware 40110 42260 54

North Dakota 34600 35880 37

Tennessee 41530 41260 -07

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Missouri $54220 $34460

Nevada 50510 34300

Hawaii 51880 36750

Alaska 56330 42170

Oregon 49980 36980

New Mexico 45860 33000

Maine 45960 33480

Maryland 53300 41360

Rhode Island 50090 38240

Massachusetts 57070 45290

South Dakota 40770 29080

Wyoming 43900 32510

Montana 41150 29880

California 52810 41980

Washington 51660 40860

South Carolina 42650 31940

North Carolina 44600 34120

New Jersey 53260 43040

Mississippi 38840 28630

New Hampshire 47550 37450

Louisiana 41210 31230

Wisconsin 45040 35240

Vermont 44440 34650

Arizona 44550 34880

Idaho 42270 32770

Florida 43220 33750

Indiana 43210 33820

Minnesota 48650 39840

Kentucky 40920 32170

Arkansas 38240 29560

Tennessee 41260 32730

New York 52130 43590

Oklahoma 39510 31150

Georgia 43640 35840

Texas 42950 35310

West Virginia 38000 30470

Pennsylvania 43070 35970

Colorado 46800 39820

Kansas 40760 33780

Utah 40910 34110

Iowa 38790 31990

Alabama 38650 31940

Ohio 42580 35910

Nebraska 39180 33060

Connecticut 50390 44400

North Dakota 35880 30620

Michigan 44200 39590

Illinois 43130 38580

Virginia 43560 39130

Delaware 42260 39050

District of Columbia 48370 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 161

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Missouri $26890 $69260 1576

Arizona 25820 64160 1485

Illinois 27560 60250 1186

Tennessee 26280 56180 1138

Arkansas 25240 53760 1130

Virginia 28150 59210 1103

Oklahoma 26440 54660 1067

California 35470 72560 1046

Nebraska 26580 54220 1040

Wyoming 29210 59420 1034

South Carolina 28530 57860 1028

Mississippi 26150 52990 1026

Utah 27570 55550 1015

District of Columbia 33430 66980 1004

Texas 28800 57420 994

Massachusetts 36750 72890 983

Montana 27840 54750 967

Maine 32110 62620 950

North Dakota 24250 47120 943

Pennsylvania 30180 58340 933

Colorado 32860 63050 919

Minnesota 34210 65450 913

Florida 29950 57230 911

South Dakota 29120 55070 891

Georgia 30250 57030 885

New York 37280 69920 876

Delaware 29880 55490 857

Washington 37640 69470 846

Louisiana 29930 55150 843

New Mexico 32410 59460 835

Oregon 35800 65370 826

North Carolina 31540 57530 824

Indiana 31070 56550 820

Michigan 31170 56670 818

Alabama 28340 51250 808

Kentucky 30290 54530 800

Iowa 29160 52020 784

Kansas 30180 53700 779

Maryland 39290 69890 779

New Jersey 39380 69840 773

Connecticut 37760 66890 771

Idaho 31370 55520 770

Wisconsin 32930 57740 753

Ohio 31770 54890 728

Vermont 33160 56480 703

Nevada 38460 65180 695

West Virginia 28840 48840 693

Hawaii 39160 65590 675

Alaska 43400 71030 637

New Hampshire 37550 58200 550

Rhode Island 39590 59900 513

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Technolo

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162 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 731

Colorado 579

Idaho 578

Nevada 533

Utah 533

Mississippi 526

New Mexico 500

Georgia 486

Texas 474

North Carolina 471

Montana 471

Florida 444

Wisconsin 443

Kansas 429

Arkansas 418

Minnesota 416

Maine 411

Nebraska 404

California 400

West Virginia 384

Rhode Island 352

Tennessee 342

Delaware 333

Indiana 333

New Jersey 333

Virginia 331

Ohio 328

Oklahoma 324

Missouri 322

Iowa 309

Connecticut 304

Louisiana 302

Michigan 302

Maryland 286

New York 274

Vermont 273

Illinois 270

Massachusetts 269

Oregon 265

Kentucky 202

Washington 182

South Carolina 179

Alabama 167

Pennsylvania 164

District of Columbia 161

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

New Hampshire NA

North Dakota NA

South Dakota NA

Wyoming NA

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Delaware 298

District of Columbia 275

Louisiana 237

Kentucky 207

Idaho 200

South Carolina 163

Missouri 153

Illinois 147

New Jersey 140

Tennessee 131

Montana 131

Wisconsin 129

Arizona 124

Rhode Island 120

Arkansas 119

Pennsylvania 118

Alabama 107

Oklahoma 106

West Virginia 105

Massachusetts 104

Indiana 102

New Mexico 97

Oregon 97

Maryland 96

Iowa 94

Florida 92

Vermont 89

Texas 87

Georgia 87

North Carolina 84

Kansas 77

Mississippi 74

Nevada 69

Connecticut 66

New York 65

Utah 65

Virginia 59

Minnesota 58

Washington 54

Ohio 53

Michigan 53

Maine 43

California 43

Colorado 42

Nebraska 27

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

New Hampshire NA

North Dakota NA

South Dakota NA

Wyoming NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Oregon 550

Iowa 500

Colorado 476

Massachusetts 472

Pennsylvania 455

District of Columbia 400

New York 400

Oklahoma 400

South Carolina 400

Kentucky 393

Louisiana 360

Kansas 357

Alabama 333

Maine 333

Nebraska 333

New Jersey 333

Rhode Island 333

Vermont 333

Illinois 324

Maryland 318

Michigan 304

Connecticut 300

Indiana 300

Missouri 300

Virginia 300

Washington 300

West Virginia 300

Ohio 286

Tennessee 286

Georgia 280

Delaware 273

California 250

Minnesota 250

Montana 250

North Carolina 250

Wisconsin 250

Florida 244

Arkansas 222

Texas 217

Mississippi 214

Idaho 211

Arizona 155

Nevada 100

Utah 00

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

New Hampshire NA

New Mexico NA

North Dakota NA

South Dakota NA

Wyoming NA

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 163

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Idaho $27200 $41140 513

Colorado 27810 39460 419

Maine 29840 40080 343

Illinois 28720 38420 338

Pennsylvania 29790 38740 300

Virginia 31430 40720 296

Arizona 28330 36060 273

Louisiana 29430 37380 270

Minnesota 30440 38650 270

Michigan 29520 37280 263

Missouri 26590 33510 260

New York 34880 43940 260

Nebraska 29620 37250 258

Massachusetts 36460 45380 245

Iowa 27080 33000 219

Georgia 29980 36500 217

New Mexico 29260 35440 211

Arkansas 26490 31910 205

Utah 24740 29570 195

Kentucky 27710 32870 186

Hawaii 38780 45850 182

Texas 30980 36400 175

Florida 32080 37530 170

Oklahoma 29290 33200 133

New Jersey 40830 46020 127

Wisconsin 34540 38460 113

Indiana 34890 38710 109

Alabama 28630 31350 95

North Carolina 31260 33990 87

Connecticut 38910 41970 79

West Virginia 31940 34010 65

California 40280 42860 64

Mississippi 28930 30410 51

Ohio 33360 34820 44

Kansas 28680 29660 34

Tennessee 32580 33280 21

Washington 39350 39490 04

South Carolina 35360 35150 -06

District of Columbia 37190 36960 -06

Montana 34180 31520 -78

Maryland 58730 51860 -117

Wyoming 36090 31010 -141

Nevada 40140 NA NA

Oregon 39480 NA NA

Vermont 29240 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Maryland $51860 $41360

Hawaii 45850 36750

Idaho 41140 32770

Maine 40080 33480

Louisiana 37380 31230

Indiana 38710 33820

Nebraska 37250 33060

Florida 37530 33750

West Virginia 34010 30470

South Carolina 35150 31940

Wisconsin 38460 35240

New Jersey 46020 43040

Pennsylvania 38740 35970

New Mexico 35440 33000

Arkansas 31910 29560

Oklahoma 33200 31150

Mississippi 30410 28630

Montana 31520 29880

Virginia 40720 39130

Arizona 36060 34880

Texas 36400 35310

Iowa 33000 31990

California 42860 41980

Kentucky 32870 32170

Georgia 36500 35840

Tennessee 33280 32730

New York 43940 43590

Massachusetts 45380 45290

North Carolina 33990 34120

Illinois 38420 38580

Colorado 39460 39820

Alabama 31350 31940

Missouri 33510 34460

Ohio 34820 35910

Minnesota 38650 39840

Washington 39490 40860

Wyoming 31010 32510

Michigan 37280 39590

Connecticut 41970 44400

Kansas 29660 33780

Utah 29570 34110

District of Columbia 36960 57980

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164 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Massachusetts $25980 $75070 1890

Arkansas 18300 47900 1617

Wyoming 18780 45360 1415

Alabama 19480 43630 1240

Montana 19460 43310 1226

Georgia 23580 51360 1178

Connecticut 26540 57750 1176

Washington 25320 54720 1161

Michigan 24410 52740 1161

Nebraska 24600 51510 1094

Texas 24170 49590 1052

Pennsylvania 26470 53490 1021

North Carolina 22970 45220 969

Arizona 25160 49490 967

New Mexico 24240 47380 955

California 29510 57470 947

Missouri 23410 45360 938

Wisconsin 24650 47590 931

New York 30420 58420 920

Oklahoma 23340 44380 901

Colorado 28370 52700 858

South Carolina 24730 45820 853

Illinois 26890 49640 846

Kansas 20920 38490 840

District of Columbia 26530 48770 838

Iowa 24130 43760 814

Idaho 30570 54990 799

Virginia 29770 53410 794

Ohio 25030 44700 786

New Jersey 33150 59160 785

Maryland 38090 67620 775

Kentucky 24740 43420 755

Hawaii 32340 55820 726

Minnesota 28940 49700 717

West Virginia 25550 43690 710

Tennessee 25150 42860 704

Utah 23390 38660 653

Mississippi 23380 38510 647

Indiana 29150 47640 634

Florida 29950 46720 560

Louisiana 29320 45230 543

Maine 33270 46990 412

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 165

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 533

South Dakota 463

Kentucky 367

South Carolina 363

Kansas 343

Mississippi 340

Louisiana 328

Oklahoma 318

Tennessee 318

North Dakota 317

Minnesota 315

Wisconsin 314

Alabama 312

Montana 293

Massachusetts 284

Missouri 283

Pennsylvania 283

Indiana 276

Washington 274

West Virginia 271

Maryland 270

Maine 267

North Carolina 262

Texas 260

Arizona 259

Georgia 249

Nebraska 246

California 246

Florida 245

Connecticut 240

Ohio 230

Illinois 229

Utah 228

Nevada 221

Iowa 215

New York 209

Colorado 209

Michigan 208

Arkansas 203

Rhode Island 203

New Hampshire 190

Virginia 182

Idaho 175

New Jersey 175

Delaware 174

Oregon 167

New Mexico 162

Alaska 156

Wyoming 120

Hawaii NA

Vermont NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 667

Alaska 600

South Carolina 575

Oregon 533

Pennsylvania 529

Connecticut 500

Iowa 500

Massachusetts 475

Colorado 466

Washington 417

Illinois 404

Alabama 400

Delaware 400

New Mexico 400

Michigan 386

Kentucky 385

New York 385

North Dakota 375

Rhode Island 375

Louisiana 367

Kansas 365

Ohio 362

Maryland 345

New Jersey 333

Tennessee 333

Utah 333

Indiana 329

Virginia 327

Missouri 314

Maine 313

South Dakota 313

Montana 286

West Virginia 286

Arkansas 280

Nebraska 278

Minnesota 273

North Carolina 273

California 262

Texas 259

Florida 250

Georgia 250

Oklahoma 250

Wisconsin 250

Mississippi 245

New Hampshire 231

Idaho 214

Nevada 200

Arizona 167

Hawaii NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 637

Colorado 500

Nevada 492

Idaho 477

Utah 472

Kansas 430

Georgia 423

Mississippi 406

Alaska 400

New Mexico 400

New Hampshire 391

North Carolina 381

Texas 381

Florida 367

California 360

Montana 360

Minnesota 358

Wisconsin 357

South Dakota 324

Arkansas 318

Maine 308

Nebraska 304

Missouri 298

West Virginia 290

Massachusetts 286

Tennessee 283

Indiana 276

Oklahoma 270

North Dakota 269

New Jersey 267

Virginia 262

Louisiana 259

Oregon 254

Rhode Island 249

Maryland 245

Ohio 229

Alabama 229

Delaware 214

Iowa 214

Kentucky 214

Washington 211

Michigan 201

Illinois 196

Connecticut 193

New York 187

Wyoming 167

Pennsylvania 115

South Carolina 114

District of Columbia 63

Hawaii NA

Vermont NA

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166 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Wisconsin $30020 $39700 322

Georgia 23960 31320 307

Maine 26580 34670 304

Montana 28710 37240 297

Arizona 31720 40830 287

New York 28360 36490 287

Mississippi 21940 28150 283

Connecticut 35200 44610 267

Illinois 30650 38740 264

New Mexico 23630 29490 248

North Dakota 25470 31800 249

Nevada 33100 41190 244

Kansas 25730 32010 244

Wyoming 24530 30480 243

Florida 27670 34260 238

Washington 32420 39990 233

Colorado 29800 36730 233

Arkansas 23130 28500 232

South Dakota 25550 31380 228

Texas 27500 33780 228

Virginia 29090 35260 212

California 33910 41010 209

South Carolina 26570 32140 210

Ohio 28230 33880 200

Rhode Island 32590 39130 201

New Jersey 33680 40400 200

Missouri 27400 32800 197

Michigan 30290 36250 197

West Virginia 25890 30810 190

Massachusetts 34200 40660 189

Alabama 24150 28620 185

Minnesota 34720 41150 185

Kentucky 26960 31670 175

Iowa 26930 31560 172

Maryland 35610 41670 170

Louisiana 25480 29670 164

Oregon 33440 38900 163

Indiana 31170 36000 155

Alaska 36220 41770 153

Tennessee 29930 34230 144

Nebraska 28170 31970 135

New Hampshire 31590 35710 130

Pennsylvania 28140 31450 118

North Carolina 29000 32140 108

Oklahoma 26460 28500 77

District of Columbia 33210 35390 66

Utah 28490 29570 38

Hawaii 34380 34270 -03

Idaho 36390 35910 -13

Delaware 31860 NA NA

Vermont NA 32150 NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Montana $37240 $29880

Nevada 41190 34300

Arizona 40830 34880

Wisconsin 39700 35240

Idaho 35910 32770

South Dakota 31380 29080

Indiana 36000 33820

Oregon 38900 36980

Tennessee 34230 32730

Minnesota 41150 39840

Maine 34670 33480

North Dakota 31800 30620

Rhode Island 39130 38240

Florida 34260 33750

West Virginia 30810 30470

Maryland 41670 41360

South Carolina 32140 31940

Connecticut 44610 44400

Illinois 38740 38580

Alaska 41770 42170

Iowa 31560 31990

Kentucky 31670 32170

Mississippi 28150 28630

Washington 39990 40860

California 41010 41980

Arkansas 28500 29560

Nebraska 31970 33060

Texas 33780 35310

Louisiana 29670 31230

Missouri 32800 34460

New Hampshire 35710 37450

Kansas 32010 33780

North Carolina 32140 34120

Wyoming 30480 32510

Ohio 33880 35910

Hawaii 34270 36750

Vermont 32150 34650

New Jersey 40400 43040

Oklahoma 28500 31150

Colorado 36730 39820

Alabama 28620 31940

Michigan 36250 39590

New Mexico 29490 33000

Virginia 35260 39130

Georgia 31320 35840

Pennsylvania 31450 35970

Utah 29570 34110

Massachusetts 40660 45290

New York 36490 43590

District of Columbia 35390 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 167

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Illinois $25190 $61410 1438

West Virginia 19710 46590 1364

New Mexico 18830 40460 1149

Missouri 21670 45380 1094

Arizona 26730 55970 1094

Idaho 22220 46000 1070

Alabama 19140 38650 1019

Louisiana 19840 40060 1019

Texas 22420 45090 1011

Wyoming 21410 42900 1004

Connecticut 28990 57950 999

Arkansas 19700 39240 992

Rhode Island 26890 53400 986

Colorado 25260 49660 966

Virginia 24710 48360 957

Tennessee 23940 46530 944

Maryland 28790 55900 942

Georgia 22460 43420 933

Pennsylvania 21910 42070 920

Nevada 28780 55140 916

Mississippi 19120 36570 913

Kansas 23110 44060 907

California 29650 55750 880

Indiana 25860 48490 875

Massachusetts 29230 54420 862

New York 27340 50830 859

Florida 24850 46020 852

Utah 21370 39510 849

Iowa 23160 41970 812

Nebraska 23650 42680 805

Kentucky 23360 42110 803

District of Columbia 25640 45840 788

New Jersey 30020 53420 779

Oklahoma 20590 36560 776

South Carolina 24140 42580 764

North Dakota 23990 42310 764

Ohio 25050 43680 744

North Carolina 24460 42260 728

Alaska 31420 54250 727

Minnesota 31190 53640 720

South Dakota 24150 41470 717

Washington 29940 51410 717

Wisconsin 30340 51690 704

Hawaii 25790 43830 699

Montana 26900 45230 681

Maine 26620 44250 662

Vermont 25190 41440 645

New Hampshire 27040 44200 635

Michigan 27970 44710 598

Oregon 30440 48020 578

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168 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 669

Vermont 462

Delaware 347

Hawaii 332

Oregon 315

Alaska 296

Georgia 290

Maine 276

Minnesota 262

Massachusetts 245

New Jersey 210

New Mexico 205

Rhode Island 201

Washington 199

Maryland 194

Colorado 180

New York 178

Oklahoma 169

Nebraska 166

Missouri 165

North Carolina 161

California 157

Mississippi 154

Florida 149

New Hampshire 148

Kentucky 142

Ohio 135

Indiana 127

Texas 127

Michigan 123

Wisconsin 123

Utah 121

Pennsylvania 114

West Virginia 111

Kansas 107

Montana 104

Connecticut 104

Tennessee 102

Virginia 101

Nevada 92

Arizona 88

Iowa 83

South Dakota 83

Louisiana 83

Alabama 80

Idaho 74

Arkansas 73

Illinois 73

South Carolina 41

North Dakota NA

Wyoming NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 875

Michigan 667

Rhode Island 667

West Virginia 667

New York 600

Arkansas 571

Illinois 571

Maryland 559

Washington 540

Indiana 533

Alaska 500

California 500

Delaware 500

Hawaii 500

Idaho 500

Iowa 500

Missouri 500

Montana 500

New Mexico 500

Ohio 500

Tennessee 500

Utah 500

Vermont 500

Wisconsin 500

Georgia 489

Pennsylvania 472

Mississippi 471

Colorado 460

Nebraska 455

Massachusetts 451

Virginia 448

Maine 429

New Jersey 429

Kentucky 400

Louisiana 400

Texas 400

Minnesota 397

Florida 383

Arizona 375

Kansas 375

New Hampshire 375

Oklahoma 350

Oregon 350

Alabama 333

North Carolina 333

South Dakota 333

Connecticut 300

Nevada 100

North Dakota NA

South Carolina NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Utah 464

Nevada 450

Colorado 333

Arizona 315

Florida 298

South Dakota 286

New Hampshire 275

Texas 273

Minnesota 264

Alaska 263

New Mexico 263

Kentucky 256

Hawaii 244

Montana 242

Maine 235

Oregon 234

North Carolina 231

Missouri 223

Alabama 222

New Jersey 222

Virginia 221

Delaware 214

Idaho 212

Oklahoma 203

Mississippi 201

Pennsylvania 199

Washington 198

Connecticut 194

Arkansas 192

Nebraska 192

Georgia 185

California 182

Indiana 179

Wisconsin 179

Vermont 179

Massachusetts 178

Ohio 175

Kansas 172

Louisiana 162

Tennessee 153

Iowa 143

Maryland 142

Illinois 131

West Virginia 115

New York 115

Rhode Island 112

Michigan 89

South Carolina 59

District of Columbia 24

North Dakota NA

Wyoming NA

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 169

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Tennessee $30470 $53100 743

Connecticut 35770 49190 375

Oregon 32730 44400 357

New Hampshire 32280 42320 311

Georgia 38500 50460 311

Virginia 32460 42520 310

Illinois 32460 41940 292

Louisiana 28950 36870 274

Alabama 30900 39080 265

Wyoming 30350 38320 263

Oklahoma 26880 33880 260

Colorado 36490 45700 252

Missouri 31930 39600 240

District of Columbia 49980 61620 233

Kentucky 31120 38220 228

Florida 32690 40160 229

Washington 39150 47710 219

Maryland 54610 66520 218

South Dakota 35200 42770 215

Indiana 31220 37740 209

Vermont 35180 42120 197

Wisconsin 32400 38670 194

Idaho 34260 40350 178

Pennsylvania 34380 40100 166

Iowa 32230 37290 157

North Carolina 34590 39700 148

New York 37560 42940 143

New Mexico 33450 38120 140

Ohio 34790 39480 135

California 40230 44430 104

Maine 31030 34230 103

Michigan 40500 44570 100

Minnesota 39400 43300 99

Texas 32870 36100 98

Arkansas 37040 40600 96

Montana 31400 33940 81

South Carolina 38110 40740 69

Kansas 34050 36210 63

Nebraska 35720 37950 62

Massachusetts 39520 41900 60

Utah 34080 35700 48

Hawaii 37030 38370 36

Alaska 36660 37860 33

New Jersey 46280 46310 01

Nevada 42190 41380 -19

Mississippi 35950 34470 -41

West Virginia 28650 25140 -123

Arizona 45390 39650 -126

Delaware NA 43320 NA

North Dakota NA 26120 NA

Rhode Island 50780 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Maryland $66520 $41360

Tennessee 53100 32730

Georgia 50460 35840

South Dakota 42770 29080

Arkansas 40600 29560

South Carolina 40740 31940

Idaho 40350 32770

Vermont 42120 34650

Oregon 44400 36980

Alabama 39080 31940

Nevada 41380 34300

Washington 47710 40860

Florida 40160 33750

Kentucky 38220 32170

Colorado 45700 39820

Mississippi 34470 28630

Wyoming 38320 32510

Louisiana 36870 31230

North Carolina 39700 34120

Iowa 37290 31990

Missouri 39600 34460

New Mexico 38120 33000

Michigan 44570 39590

Nebraska 37950 33060

New Hampshire 42320 37450

Connecticut 49190 44400

Arizona 39650 34880

Delaware 43320 39050

Pennsylvania 40100 35970

Montana 33940 29880

Indiana 37740 33820

District of Columbia 61620 57980

Ohio 39480 35910

Minnesota 43300 39840

Wisconsin 38670 35240

Virginia 42520 39130

Illinois 41940 38580

New Jersey 46310 43040

Oklahoma 33880 31150

California 44430 41980

Kansas 36210 33780

Hawaii 38370 36750

Utah 35700 34110

Maine 34230 33480

Texas 36100 35310

New York 42940 43590

Massachusetts 41900 45290

Alaska 37860 42170

North Dakota 26120 30620

West Virginia 25140 30470

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170 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Tennessee $24540 $95610 2896

Maryland 29730 106730 2590

Nevada 18540 64050 2455

North Dakota 13050 43590 2340

District of Columbia 31340 103490 2302

Arizona 20640 65190 2158

Illinois 22240 69850 2141

Kansas 18080 56470 2123

California 23080 72010 2120

Indiana 19270 59380 2081

Colorado 23270 71270 2063

Missouri 20730 62400 2010

Pennsylvania 20550 61650 2000

Maine 18190 54450 1993

West Virginia 13620 40060 1941

Massachusetts 22570 66210 1934

Georgia 29020 83980 1894

Louisiana 19820 56620 1857

Utah 19570 55740 1848

New Mexico 20180 56400 1795

Iowa 20250 55470 1739

Texas 21610 58450 1705

Arkansas 24610 63670 1587

Nebraska 21580 55830 1587

Delaware 25140 64650 1572

Virginia 24910 63970 1568

Oklahoma 20600 52470 1547

Minnesota 26030 65120 1502

Alabama 24140 60290 1498

South Dakota 26510 65870 1485

New York 26600 66090 1485

Florida 24540 59780 1436

Kentucky 23190 56430 1433

Wyoming 22590 54950 1432

Wisconsin 23340 56590 1425

Ohio 23600 57220 1425

New Jersey 28800 69270 1405

Hawaii 24290 58270 1399

Michigan 26880 64160 1387

Oregon 27910 66430 1380

Alaska 24570 57610 1345

South Carolina 24640 57650 1340

Connecticut 30480 70940 1327

Montana 22230 50570 1275

North Carolina 25470 56770 1229

Mississippi 23690 51640 1180

New Hampshire 27770 60290 1171

Washington 31800 66150 1080

Vermont 31100 55510 785

Idaho 30550 53790 761

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 171

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 551

Idaho 489

Nevada 453

Utah 452

New Hampshire 450

Virginia 422

New Mexico 387

Florida 382

Colorado 381

Kansas 364

Alaska 360

Maine 358

Minnesota 346

Mississippi 337

Kentucky 330

Texas 328

North Carolina 326

Louisiana 322

Vermont 314

Connecticut 310

Tennessee 305

Hawaii 300

Arkansas 292

Montana 286

California 278

South Dakota 271

West Virginia 271

Wisconsin 266

Oklahoma 265

Maryland 265

Delaware 258

Massachusetts 254

Missouri 253

Georgia 251

Wyoming 250

Rhode Island 243

Iowa 235

Oregon 235

New York 233

Ohio 233

Illinois 231

Indiana 228

Michigan 228

North Dakota 226

New Jersey 225

South Carolina 200

Washington 196

Nebraska 195

Alabama 161

Pennsylvania 149

District of Columbia 50

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

South Dakota 926

District of Columbia 884

Massachusetts 719

Alabama 625

Nebraska 620

Connecticut 607

Vermont 589

North Dakota 587

Washington 580

West Virginia 542

Maine 517

Minnesota 491

Missouri 474

Pennsylvania 473

Ohio 471

New Jersey 466

Louisiana 458

Iowa 421

Wisconsin 408

South Carolina 402

Alaska 390

New York 390

Kentucky 389

Georgia 388

Delaware 385

New Hampshire 350

Indiana 349

Michigan 337

Maryland 336

New Mexico 334

Kansas 324

Mississippi 323

North Carolina 310

Arkansas 301

Colorado 298

Illinois 285

Tennessee 283

Texas 281

Oregon 278

Florida 275

Montana 272

Rhode Island 269

Utah 267

Nevada 257

California 257

Idaho 242

Wyoming 240

Oklahoma 238

Arizona 216

Virginia 188

Hawaii 162

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 727

Wyoming 600

Pennsylvania 535

Alabama 526

Washington 469

Colorado 463

Nebraska 462

Indiana 456

Oregon 450

South Carolina 450

New Jersey 438

New York 433

Michigan 430

North Dakota 429

Illinois 428

Oklahoma 425

Ohio 424

Rhode Island 417

Georgia 414

Iowa 400

Maryland 400

New Mexico 400

Wisconsin 400

West Virginia 395

South Dakota 387

Delaware 385

Missouri 382

California 375

Tennessee 375

Arkansas 368

Montana 364

Vermont 353

Connecticut 350

Texas 344

Mississippi 340

Louisiana 340

Kentucky 338

Maine 333

Minnesota 328

Massachusetts 310

North Carolina 308

Florida 300

Nevada 286

New Hampshire 286

Virginia 284

Idaho 273

Utah 250

Kansas 238

Arizona 235

Alaska 100

Hawaii NA

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172 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Tennessee $30780 $44490 445

Delaware 33780 47620 410

Nebraska 26850 36710 367

Hawaii 40200 54710 361

Illinois 29470 39680 346

Idaho 31860 41320 297

Louisiana 30960 38960 258

District of Columbia 42120 52750 252

Georgia 31950 39720 243

Oklahoma 30690 38150 243

West Virginia 27090 33460 235

Maryland 38410 47240 230

Iowa 31350 38210 219

Texas 34330 41460 208

Alaska 36800 44140 199

Kansas 33050 39620 199

Maine 35120 42020 196

Kentucky 30650 36510 191

Washington 39470 47050 192

Montana 30800 36670 191

Colorado 35640 42360 189

New Jersey 40920 48570 187

California 42640 50440 183

Massachusetts 37740 44610 182

New York 41020 47870 167

New Hampshire 34610 40360 166

Arizona 35580 41400 164

Minnesota 36960 42960 162

Nevada 43390 50240 158

Utah 38090 43860 151

Indiana 33440 38430 149

South Dakota 29830 34170 145

Connecticut 42430 48530 144

Virginia 34980 40000 144

Wyoming 35070 39420 124

Wisconsin 36840 41340 122

Vermont 39110 43670 117

Rhode Island 39640 44250 116

Ohio 35270 39300 114

Michigan 38500 42830 112

North Dakota 29920 33270 112

Florida 35110 38340 92

Oregon 42980 46900 91

Arkansas 34610 37640 88

New Mexico 33620 36210 77

Pennsylvania 36940 39640 73

Alabama 30840 32980 69

North Carolina 36210 38520 64

Missouri 35940 36970 29

South Carolina 34550 33760 -23

Mississippi 34250 31770 -72

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Hawaii $54710 $36750

Nevada 50240 34300

Tennessee 44490 32730

Oregon 46900 36980

Utah 43860 34110

Vermont 43670 34650

Delaware 47620 39050

Maine 42020 33480

Idaho 41320 32770

California 50440 41980

Arkansas 37640 29560

Louisiana 38960 31230

Oklahoma 38150 31150

Wyoming 39420 32510

Montana 36670 29880

Arizona 41400 34880

Iowa 38210 31990

Washington 47050 40860

Texas 41460 35310

Wisconsin 41340 35240

Rhode Island 44250 38240

Maryland 47240 41360

Kansas 39620 33780

New Jersey 48570 43040

South Dakota 34170 29080

Indiana 38430 33820

Florida 38340 33750

North Carolina 38520 34120

Kentucky 36510 32170

New York 47870 43590

Connecticut 48530 44400

Georgia 39720 35840

Pennsylvania 39640 35970

Nebraska 36710 33060

Ohio 39300 35910

Michigan 42830 39590

New Mexico 36210 33000

Minnesota 42960 39840

Mississippi 31770 28630

West Virginia 33460 30470

New Hampshire 40360 37450

North Dakota 33270 30620

Colorado 42360 39820

Missouri 36970 34460

Alaska 44140 42170

South Carolina 33760 31940

Illinois 39680 38580

Alabama 32980 31940

Virginia 40000 39130

Massachusetts 44610 45290

District of Columbia 52750 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 173

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Pennsylvania $20800 $56340 1709

Massachusetts 25170 65750 1612

Hawaii 34090 87030 1553

Illinois 22670 57700 1545

Nevada 27240 68930 1530

New York 28000 70030 1501

Connecticut 28580 71030 1485

California 28790 71050 1468

South Dakota 21360 52490 1457

Oklahoma 22400 54640 1439

Utah 26050 62730 1408

Colorado 26010 62350 1397

Arkansas 23600 55020 1331

Tennessee 26170 59230 1263

New Hampshire 25000 56400 1256

Nebraska 23270 52330 1249

Florida 24270 53900 1221

Texas 25740 57160 1221

Maine 26590 58640 1205

Kansas 25030 55080 1201

Virginia 25500 55580 1180

Missouri 23700 51530 1174

New Mexico 23840 51620 1165

Arizona 26120 56460 1162

Louisiana 24860 53490 1152

Maryland 29730 63400 1133

Oregon 30370 64100 1111

Iowa 25440 53190 1091

Montana 24690 51590 1090

Wyoming 26030 54270 1085

Mississippi 21520 44530 1069

Indiana 25510 52710 1066

Rhode Island 30010 61480 1049

North Dakota 22020 44840 1036

Michigan 29460 58660 991

Kentucky 24890 49540 990

Alaska 30800 61200 987

New Jersey 33590 66450 978

West Virginia 22970 45340 974

District of Columbia 35960 70910 972

South Carolina 23590 46300 963

North Carolina 27450 52480 912

Washington 33150 63300 910

Minnesota 30710 58310 899

Alabama 23590 44540 888

Idaho 29300 55290 887

Delaware 34250 63890 865

Ohio 28870 53150 841

Wisconsin 30350 55020 813

Vermont 32120 56710 766

Georgia 29530 51390 740

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174 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Total Growth

State Percentage

Idaho 767

Nevada 708

Arizona 644

Utah 636

Maine 630

South Dakota 625

Maryland 600

Montana 577

New Mexico 561

New Hampshire 561

Minnesota 541

Georgia 514

Rhode Island 512

Kentucky 502

Tennessee 489

North Carolina 484

Missouri 480

Wisconsin 461

Wyoming 461

Colorado 459

Kansas 458

Massachusetts 452

Oklahoma 451

Hawaii 449

Indiana 444

Virginia 412

Delaware 411

West Virginia 408

Illinois 402

South Carolina 393

Pennsylvania 389

Florida 377

Iowa 374

Alabama 372

Louisiana 366

Michigan 357

Ohio 349

California 348

Alaska 339

New Jersey 333

New York 332

Vermont 320

Connecticut 318

Nebraska 316

Arkansas 310

Texas 287

Mississippi 285

North Dakota 257

District of Columbia 237

Washington 196

Oregon 154

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Oregon 520

Washington 489

Colorado 463

District of Columbia 430

North Dakota 414

Texas 380

Mississippi 378

Alaska 367

Arkansas 361

Nebraska 358

Vermont 357

Connecticut 347

New York 345

Louisiana 344

New Jersey 338

California 336

Ohio 335

Michigan 330

Iowa 323

Florida 317

Alabama 317

Pennsylvania 311

Illinois 305

West Virginia 302

Delaware 302

Virginia 300

South Carolina 292

Indiana 285

Wisconsin 280

Hawaii 273

North Carolina 271

Tennessee 268

Kentucky 260

Missouri 260

Georgia 257

Rhode Island 253

Oklahoma 250

Massachusetts 248

Kansas 247

Minnesota 246

Wyoming 243

New Hampshire 239

New Mexico 233

Montana 231

Maryland 227

Maine 218

South Dakota 217

Arizona 216

Nevada 206

Utah 206

Idaho 187

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 4564

Vermont 4219

Maine 2504

Nebraska 2396

Minnesota 2333

Wyoming 2304

Connecticut 2243

North Dakota 2110

Maryland 2102

Iowa 2027

Rhode Island 1980

New Hampshire 1917

Arkansas 1893

New York 1821

Utah 1811

Massachusetts 1789

Idaho 1776

Montana 1771

Alaska 1748

New Jersey 1679

West Virginia 1532

Hawaii 1442

Wisconsin 1436

Georgia 1372

Oregon 1342

North Carolina 1270

Pennsylvania 1156

Kansas 1006

Florida 998

Kentucky 953

Missouri 947

Delaware 906

New Mexico 884

Indiana 862

Alabama 852

Michigan 839

Illinois 834

Washington 814

Texas 787

California 780

Arizona 779

South Dakota 760

Ohio 739

Louisiana 719

Colorado 698

Mississippi 622

Virginia 585

South Carolina 570

Tennessee 527

Oklahoma 470

Nevada 331

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health amp Health Care Workforce 175

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Louisiana $18000 $28750 597

Connecticut 28630 37220 300

Michigan 24530 31740 294

Arizona 22960 29050 265

Massachusetts 25070 30060 199

Alaska 25700 30660 193

Virginia 23050 27460 191

Vermont 22840 26880 177

Oregon 22830 26570 164

Georgia 21920 25380 158

West Virginia 15790 18180 151

Wisconsin 24180 27800 150

Hawaii 24110 27700 149

Florida 21760 24980 148

Indiana 22410 25700 147

Mississippi 18510 21230 147

Illinois 21670 24790 144

New Mexico 21340 24290 138

Delaware 23750 27020 138

Nebraska 19790 22480 136

Pennsylvania 21150 23960 133

Kansas 20960 23600 126

North Carolina 22500 25320 125

Kentucky 20470 22920 120

Colorado 24420 27260 116

Wyoming 19160 21330 113

Utah 19520 21690 111

New Hampshire 20450 22680 109

New Jersey 26250 29070 107

Maryland 26300 29130 108

California 27320 30070 101

Ohio 23110 25440 101

Minnesota 24400 26820 99

Nevada 25280 27520 89

Missouri 21750 23670 88

Idaho 19910 21630 86

South Dakota 19360 20970 83

Montana 20340 22010 82

Maine 22450 24250 80

New York 26940 28930 74

Rhode Island 23630 25360 73

South Carolina 21110 22440 63

Alabama 24140 25310 48

Arkansas 20180 21150 48

Oklahoma 19630 20420 40

North Dakota 20810 21490 33

Iowa 23570 24320 32

Tennessee 24430 24920 20

Washington 24660 23690 -39

Texas 22600 18450 -184

District of Columbia NA 35750 NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Louisiana $28750 $31230

Arizona 29050 34880

Alabama 25310 31940

Nevada 27520 34300

Connecticut 37220 44400

Mississippi 21230 28630

Wisconsin 27800 35240

Iowa 24320 31990

Vermont 26880 34650

Tennessee 24920 32730

Michigan 31740 39590

Montana 22010 29880

South Dakota 20970 29080

Indiana 25700 33820

Arkansas 21150 29560

New Mexico 24290 33000

Florida 24980 33750

North Carolina 25320 34120

Hawaii 27700 36750

North Dakota 21490 30620

Maine 24250 33480

Kentucky 22920 32170

South Carolina 22440 31940

Kansas 23600 33780

Oregon 26570 36980

Georgia 25380 35840

Ohio 25440 35910

Nebraska 22480 33060

Oklahoma 20420 31150

Missouri 23670 34460

Idaho 21630 32770

Wyoming 21330 32510

Alaska 30660 42170

Virginia 27460 39130

California 30070 41980

Pennsylvania 23960 35970

Delaware 27020 39050

Maryland 29130 41360

West Virginia 18180 30470

Utah 21690 34110

Colorado 27260 39820

Rhode Island 25360 38240

Minnesota 26820 39840

Illinois 24790 38580

New Jersey 29070 43040

New York 28930 43590

New Hampshire 22680 37450

Massachusetts 30060 45290

Texas 18450 35310

Washington 23690 40860

District of Columbia 35750 57980

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ssistants

176 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health amp Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Iowa $13210 $38850 1941

Louisiana 15190 42770 1816

District of Columbia 20040 55560 1772

Michigan 18230 50360 1762

Nevada 15700 43080 1744

Alabama 14590 40020 1743

Texas 11440 29830 1608

Pennsylvania 13990 35250 1520

California 17870 44510 1491

Illinois 14560 35820 1460

Colorado 16120 39620 1458

Virginia 17250 42250 1449

Tennessee 15530 37370 1406

New York 18010 43100 1393

Massachusetts 19400 46400 1392

Maryland 18560 44330 1388

Connecticut 23040 53250 1311

Arizona 18900 42670 1258

Kentucky 14860 33490 1254

Oregon 17420 39080 1243

Wisconsin 17950 40160 1237

Missouri 15790 34620 1193

New Jersey 19250 41980 1181

Montana 15030 32770 1180

Indiana 16740 36410 1175

Hawaii 18390 39490 1147

West Virginia 12120 26020 1147

Oklahoma 13640 29120 1135

Arkansas 14270 30170 1114

Idaho 15400 32540 1113

Utah 15100 31780 1105

Nebraska 15580 32670 1097

Georgia 16810 35140 1090

Florida 16490 34380 1085

South Carolina 15430 32010 1075

Minnesota 18790 38870 1069

Rhode Island 16980 34540 1034

Alaska 20370 41330 1029

Delaware 18530 37590 1029

New Mexico 17130 34170 995

Mississippi 14770 29340 986

North Carolina 17680 34970 978

Ohio 17620 34830 977

Kansas 16450 32230 959

Washington 16880 33060 959

North Dakota 15350 29760 939

New Hampshire 15950 30920 939

Wyoming 15800 30330 920

Maine 18340 33030 801

Vermont 19940 35070 759

South Dakota 15900 27200 711

Ap

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and

Pub

lic H

ealth

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ocia

l and H

um

an S

ervic

es A

ssistants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health amp Health Care Workforce 177

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

New York 5918

Maine 3846

Minnesota 3837

Rhode Island 2870

Connecticut 2784

West Virginia 2769

North Carolina 2713

Montana 2678

New Mexico 2625

Vermont 2571

Ohio 2488

Iowa 2365

New Jersey 2215

Massachusetts 2208

Wisconsin 2169

Michigan 2163

North Dakota 2141

Texas 2106

Washington 2083

Oregon 2018

Hawaii 1993

Pennsylvania 1922

Arizona 1910

Oklahoma 1875

Alaska 1826

South Carolina 1793

Missouri 1745

Idaho 1689

Alabama 1669

Indiana 1642

Delaware 1476

Florida 1475

Kansas 1445

District of Columbia 1429

Nebraska 1399

Tennessee 1378

Louisiana 1325

Virginia 1270

Maryland 1237

New Hampshire 1207

Arkansas 1194

Kentucky 1119

Illinois 1108

Wyoming 1102

California 1095

South Dakota 1048

Utah 897

Mississippi 696

Georgia 687

Nevada 653

Colorado NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Connecticut 416

Washington 402

North Dakota 367

Oregon 367

Wyoming 367

Nebraska 333

West Virginia 320

Kentucky 319

New York 312

South Carolina 303

District of Columbia 303

Delaware 296

Indiana 289

Ohio 288

Michigan 286

Arkansas 276

Hawaii 273

Vermont 273

Illinois 272

Missouri 266

Pennsylvania 265

Montana 260

South Dakota 256

Iowa 254

Oklahoma 245

Mississippi 243

Maine 243

Tennessee 239

Massachusetts 234

Louisiana 234

North Carolina 229

California 227

Texas 221

New Jersey 221

Alaska 217

Minnesota 216

Alabama 215

Wisconsin 213

Florida 212

New Mexico 210

Nevada 209

Georgia 205

New Hampshire 204

Virginia 204

Maryland 204

Kansas 200

Utah 176

Idaho 173

Arizona 159

Rhode Island 26

Colorado NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 690

Utah 688

Idaho 631

Georgia 528

Maryland 518

Virginia 512

Nevada 510

New Hampshire 505

Wisconsin 504

Kansas 500

Alabama 489

Florida 480

Minnesota 476

New Mexico 470

New Jersey 463

Texas 461

Louisiana 452

North Carolina 451

California 444

Massachusetts 417

Tennessee 417

Alaska 410

Maine 406

Mississippi 403

South Dakota 403

Oklahoma 381

Iowa 380

Montana 373

Missouri 370

Pennsylvania 364

Rhode Island 361

Vermont 355

Illinois 351

Wyoming 345

Arkansas 337

Indiana 330

Michigan 328

Ohio 324

Hawaii 321

Delaware 319

South Carolina 303

New York 290

West Virginia 280

District of Columbia 280

Kentucky 280

Nebraska 266

Oregon 239

North Dakota 229

Washington 213

Connecticut 189

Colorado NA

Ap

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Care

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Aid

es

178 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Hawaii $16680 $22490 348

North Dakota 15770 19260 221

Arkansas 14590 17800 220

South Dakota 16490 20110 220

Nevada 17730 21500 213

Maryland 17140 20430 192

Illinois 17160 20030 167

Oklahoma 16440 19120 163

West Virginia 13590 15800 163

Wyoming 16510 19040 153

Georgia 15980 18430 153

Kentucky 16790 19340 152

Indiana 17680 20280 147

Washington 18190 20710 139

Idaho 15970 18100 133

District of Columbia 17220 19450 130

Minnesota 19350 21800 127

Missouri 16050 18050 125

Virginia 16320 18330 123

Wisconsin 18060 20230 120

Arizona 16720 18720 120

Iowa 16970 18910 114

Massachusetts 20810 23090 110

Montana 15820 17490 106

New Jersey 19060 20990 101

Kansas 17240 18900 96

Ohio 17710 19300 90

New York 18440 20010 85

North Carolina 16300 17630 82

Alaska 23020 24800 77

Delaware 18710 20060 72

Rhode Island 22750 24390 72

Florida 17760 18960 68

Nebraska 19000 20270 67

New Mexico 16960 18060 65

Pennsylvania 18080 19170 60

Maine 18530 19640 60

South Carolina 16670 17590 55

Tennessee 16640 17530 53

Oregon 18530 19440 49

Michigan 18580 18970 21

California 19880 19750 -07

Alabama 16480 16330 -09

New Hampshire 21100 20710 -18

Utah 19560 18850 -36

Connecticut 26540 25320 -46

Texas 16340 14680 -102

Louisiana 18520 16400 -114

Colorado 23010 19600 -148

Mississippi 19070 16170 -152

Vermont 17890 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

South Dakota $20110 $29080

North Dakota 19260 30620

Arkansas 17800 29560

Oklahoma 19120 31150

Montana 17490 29880

Mississippi 16170 28630

Nebraska 20270 33060

Nevada 21500 34300

Kentucky 19340 32170

Iowa 18910 31990

Wyoming 19040 32510

Indiana 20280 33820

Rhode Island 24390 38240

Maine 19640 33480

Hawaii 22490 36750

South Carolina 17590 31940

Idaho 18100 32770

West Virginia 15800 30470

Florida 18960 33750

Louisiana 16400 31230

Kansas 18900 33780

New Mexico 18060 33000

Wisconsin 20230 35240

Tennessee 17530 32730

Utah 18850 34110

Alabama 16330 31940

Arizona 18720 34880

Missouri 18050 34460

North Carolina 17630 34120

Ohio 19300 35910

New Hampshire 20710 37450

Pennsylvania 19170 35970

Alaska 24800 42170

Georgia 18430 35840

Oregon 19440 36980

Minnesota 21800 39840

Illinois 20030 38580

Delaware 20060 39050

Connecticut 25320 44400

Washington 20710 40860

Colorado 19600 39820

Michigan 18970 39590

Texas 14680 35310

Virginia 18330 39130

Maryland 20430 41360

New Jersey 20990 43040

California 19750 41980

Massachusetts 23090 45290

New York 20010 43590

District of Columbia 19450 57980

Ap

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om

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ealth

Aid

es

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 179

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

New York $13680 $29930 1188

Illinois 12880 27710 1151

Oklahoma 14090 29090 1065

Georgia 12660 26070 1059

Louisiana 11870 24350 1051

Arkansas 12400 24740 995

Nebraska 13800 26880 948

Mississippi 11890 21650 821

Colorado 14510 26420 821

Alaska 17810 32260 811

Alabama 12110 21770 798

Kansas 14590 26030 784

Texas 11530 20250 756

California 15050 26400 754

Indiana 15220 26690 754

Kentucky 14590 25530 750

Rhode Island 18820 32900 748

Maryland 15310 26740 747

Pennsylvania 14380 24910 732

Delaware 15140 26170 729

Connecticut 19080 32800 719

Virginia 13940 23600 693

Washington 15890 26830 688

Wyoming 14110 23710 680

Wisconsin 15410 25790 674

New Mexico 14570 24190 660

New Hampshire 15870 26290 657

West Virginia 12240 20190 650

Massachusetts 17560 28740 637

Tennessee 13770 22470 632

Iowa 14720 23800 617

Minnesota 17210 27670 608

Michigan 14970 23930 599

Arizona 14640 23400 598

Ohio 15070 24070 597

District of Columbia 15310 24450 597

Missouri 14220 22690 596

South Dakota 15860 25290 595

Florida 14860 23640 591

Utah 14800 23310 575

Maine 15060 23690 573

North Dakota 15040 23450 559

New Jersey 16740 25860 545

North Carolina 14480 22150 530

Montana 14530 22030 516

Idaho 14540 21970 511

South Carolina 14510 21800 502

Nevada 17830 26750 500

Hawaii 18480 27480 487

Oregon 15630 23150 481

Ap

pend

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-term

Care

Ro

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om

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Aid

es

180 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

South Carolina 769

District of Columbia 695

Connecticut 585

New York 475

Minnesota 475

Pennsylvania 474

Delaware 468

Wyoming 467

Colorado 463

Michigan 460

Louisiana 458

Maine 456

Indiana 439

Massachusetts 424

West Virginia 422

South Dakota 419

Nebraska 417

Washington 412

Ohio 412

Missouri 411

Alabama 404

Iowa 400

Illinois 389

California 385

New Jersey 385

Arkansas 380

Kentucky 379

North Dakota 376

Alaska 371

Rhode Island 371

Oregon 369

Vermont 366

Maryland 359

Tennessee 358

Wisconsin 348

Georgia 332

Montana 327

New Hampshire 326

New Mexico 320

Texas 319

North Carolina 311

Virginia 310

Mississippi 306

Florida 300

Kansas 297

Oklahoma 268

Hawaii 250

Utah 239

Idaho 225

Nevada 224

Arizona 207

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 502

Nevada 454

Idaho 451

Utah 417

Hawaii 344

Colorado 343

Florida 306

Kansas 300

Mississippi 297

North Carolina 292

New Mexico 291

Virginia 291

Texas 279

New Hampshire 275

Montana 270

Alaska 265

Georgia 262

Alabama 252

Oregon 249

Wisconsin 246

Tennessee 235

Maryland 233

Vermont 230

Rhode Island 224

North Dakota 216

Kentucky 215

Arkansas 213

New Jersey 210

California 209

Illinois 206

Washington 205

Iowa 198

Oklahoma 195

Missouri 187

Ohio 187

Nebraska 183

South Dakota 182

West Virginia 179

Massachusetts 173

Indiana 167

Louisiana 158

Maine 157

Michigan 154

Delaware 150

Wyoming 149

Pennsylvania 146

New York 146

Minnesota 145

Connecticut 93

District of Columbia 58

South Carolina 40

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

North Dakota 9322

Nebraska 8666

South Dakota 8007

Wisconsin 7715

South Carolina 7645

Kansas 7007

Maine 6982

Connecticut 6912

Missouri 6801

Rhode Island 6741

Iowa 6706

Oklahoma 6591

Ohio 6520

Minnesota 6457

Massachusetts 6442

Louisiana 6230

North Carolina 6030

Montana 5962

Kentucky 5837

Pennsylvania 5743

West Virginia 5712

Arkansas 5707

Mississippi 5567

District of Columbia 5490

Delaware 5471

Indiana 5195

Idaho 5116

Vermont 5025

New York 5001

New Hampshire 4969

Tennessee 4803

Maryland 4733

Alabama 4693

New Jersey 4617

Florida 4312

Wyoming 4307

Michigan 4271

Illinois 4218

Georgia 4142

Virginia 4028

Washington 4013

Texas 3961

New Mexico 3773

Utah 3600

Colorado 3486

Oregon 3457

Arizona 3380

California 2864

Hawaii 2681

Alaska 2653

Nevada 2608

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 181

Ap

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ttendants

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Wyoming $16960 $20920 233

California 19840 23910 205

Kansas 17690 21130 194

North Dakota 16920 20210 194

Texas 15760 18750 190

Rhode Island 21130 25070 186

Iowa 18640 22000 180

West Virginia 15430 18210 180

Colorado 20210 23800 178

Maryland 21500 25280 176

Oklahoma 15460 18060 168

Ohio 18790 21940 168

Idaho 16300 19000 166

Arkansas 15210 17720 165

Virginia 17930 20880 165

Delaware 20510 23890 165

Wisconsin 20030 23210 159

Massachusetts 22540 26110 158

Kentucky 17230 19910 156

District of Columbia 21280 24530 153

Arizona 18860 21710 151

Montana 16560 19060 151

Pennsylvania 19800 22750 149

Georgia 16260 18680 149

Florida 18150 20810 147

Washington 20670 23670 145

Tennessee 17190 19670 144

Louisiana 13630 15560 142

Missouri 16930 19320 141

New York 23880 27230 140

Michigan 20460 23320 140

Nevada 21200 24120 138

Utah 17330 19680 136

Nebraska 18560 21050 134

North Carolina 17780 20090 130

Illinois 18450 20620 118

Minnesota 21800 24330 116

Vermont 19310 21550 116

Maine 18900 21040 113

Hawaii 22600 25110 111

Alaska 26510 29480 112

Indiana 19260 21350 109

South Dakota 17310 19170 107

Alabama 15980 17710 108

New Mexico 17650 19520 106

New Hampshire 22140 24430 103

South Carolina 17110 18830 101

Mississippi 15110 16590 98

Connecticut 24820 27110 92

Oregon 20840 22560 83

New Jersey 22570 24070 66

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

South Dakota $19170 $29080

Iowa 22000 31990

Nevada 24120 34300

North Dakota 20210 30620

Montana 19060 29880

Wyoming 20920 32510

Hawaii 25110 36750

Arkansas 17720 29560

Nebraska 21050 33060

Wisconsin 23210 35240

Mississippi 16590 28630

West Virginia 18210 30470

Kentucky 19910 32170

Maine 21040 33480

Indiana 21350 33820

Kansas 21130 33780

Alaska 29480 42170

Florida 20810 33750

New Hampshire 24430 37450

Tennessee 19670 32730

Oklahoma 18060 31150

South Carolina 18830 31940

Vermont 21550 34650

Rhode Island 25070 38240

Arizona 21710 34880

Pennsylvania 22750 35970

Virgin Islands 14970 28340

Idaho 19000 32770

Ohio 21940 35910

North Carolina 20090 34120

Alabama 17710 31940

Oregon 22560 36980

Utah 19680 34110

Missouri 19320 34460

Delaware 23890 39050

Minnesota 24330 39840

Louisiana 15560 31230

Colorado 23800 39820

Maryland 25280 41360

Michigan 23320 39590

New York 27230 43590

Texas 18750 35310

Georgia 18680 35840

Washington 23670 40860

Connecticut 27110 44400

Illinois 20620 38580

California 23910 41980

Virginia 20880 39130

New Jersey 24070 43040

Massachusetts 26110 45290

District of Columbia 24530 57980

Ap

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Care

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182 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

California $17180 $33290 938

Georgia 13220 25390 921

New Mexico 13980 26350 885

New York 18960 35300 862

Illinois 14820 27260 839

Maryland 18630 34150 833

Louisiana 11740 21430 825

Texas 13720 25020 824

Kansas 15620 28480 823

Kentucky 14780 26560 797

Missouri 14480 25980 794

Mississippi 12230 21870 788

Colorado 17940 31680 766

Virginia 15600 27350 753

Rhode Island 19040 33320 750

Indiana 15830 27590 743

Washington 17940 31180 738

Pennsylvania 16900 29150 725

North Carolina 15250 26180 717

District of Columbia 18670 32000 714

Maine 15870 27180 713

Florida 15750 26910 709

North Dakota 15290 25830 689

Massachusetts 19940 33660 688

Idaho 14480 24410 686

Nebraska 16050 27030 684

Ohio 16710 28060 679

Oregon 17230 28910 678

Arkansas 13490 22610 676

Nevada 18440 30860 674

Tennessee 15190 25360 670

Minnesota 18970 31560 664

South Dakota 14700 24420 661

Arizona 16760 27540 643

Vermont 16680 27390 642

New Hampshire 19100 31270 637

Wyoming 16370 26790 637

New Jersey 18610 30350 631

West Virginia 14210 23040 621

South Carolina 14710 23850 621

Iowa 17350 27960 612

Connecticut 21280 34240 609

Hawaii 19660 31200 587

Wisconsin 18240 28900 584

Michigan 18210 28800 582

Alabama 14290 22360 565

Montana 14860 23240 564

Delaware 18820 29340 559

Utah 15480 23780 536

Oklahoma 14640 22380 529

Alaska 23850 35580 492

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 183

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Per Capita (total population)

Average 1895

Texas 4698

New York 4370

Montana 3908

Maine 3740

North Dakota 3545

Wisconsin 3241

Minnesota 3191

District of Columbia 2804

Kansas 2794

New Mexico 2738

West Virginia 2735

Washington 2438

Missouri 2345

Pennsylvania 2337

Alaska 2325

Vermont 2174

Iowa 2167

Louisiana 2048

Colorado 2036

North Carolina 1942

South Carolina 1817

Michigan 1772

Oklahoma 1706

New Hampshire 1696

Rhode Island 1631

Connecticut 1596

Tennessee 1592

South Dakota 1552

Georgia 1539

Delaware 1538

Oregon 1456

Illinois 1428

Indiana 1411

Wyoming 1302

Massachusetts 1210

Ohio 1181

Virginia 1138

Maryland 1136

Arkansas 931

Utah 927

California 903

Mississippi 896

Alabama 866

Nevada 784

Kentucky 713

New Jersey 653

Florida 631

Arizona 618

Nebraska 438

Hawaii NA

Idaho NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Utah 637

Nevada 563

Maine 546

New Mexico 533

Minnesota 519

New Jersey 500

Colorado 490

Connecticut 486

Arizona 484

Kansas 471

New Hampshire 457

Massachusetts 454

South Dakota 453

Wisconsin 453

Missouri 445

Montana 443

Arkansas 433

Maryland 427

Texas 418

Vermont 416

Alaska 416

Alabama 415

Oklahoma 410

Delaware 403

Virginia 398

Kentucky 373

California 361

North Carolina 358

Iowa 351

Indiana 350

New York 340

Wyoming 338

West Virginia 335

Rhode Island 322

Florida 318

Tennessee 310

Louisiana 308

Georgia 298

Ohio 296

Pennsylvania 270

South Carolina 269

Illinois 263

Mississippi 246

Washington 238

District of Columbia 225

Michigan 224

Oregon 214

Nebraska 181

North Dakota 157

Hawaii NA

Idaho NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

North Dakota 507

Colorado 464

Nebraska 462

Oregon 450

Washington 432

Michigan 417

District of Columbia 410

Mississippi 394

Illinois 378

South Carolina 372

Pennsylvania 371

Alabama 360

Ohio 351

Georgia 347

Tennessee 345

Louisiana 344

Rhode Island 333

Florida 330

West Virginia 322

New York 321

Alaska 311

North Carolina 310

California 309

Indiana 309

Iowa 308

Kentucky 301

Virginia 288

Delaware 286

Oklahoma 282

Vermont 282

Texas 277

Maryland 273

Missouri 268

Arkansas 267

Wyoming 267

Montana 265

New Hampshire 261

Wisconsin 259

Connecticut 256

Massachusetts 253

Arizona 250

South Dakota 250

Kansas 247

New Jersey 243

Minnesota 236

Maine 227

New Mexico 226

Nevada 220

Utah 176

Hawaii NA

Idaho NA

Ap

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184 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Delaware $14980 $19790 321

District of Columbia 16460 21630 314

California 16710 21100 263

Vermont 16490 19760 198

Wyoming 14440 17280 197

New Jersey 19730 23490 191

New Mexico 15260 18040 182

Washington 16820 19770 175

Missouri 14860 17380 170

Oregon 17680 20630 167

Montana 14350 16680 162

Iowa 16250 18870 161

Colorado 15820 18240 153

Massachusetts 18820 21700 153

Illinois 14470 16660 151

Idaho 15070 17330 150

Rhode Island 20070 23040 148

Alaska 23340 26390 131

Minnesota 18770 21090 124

Pennsylvania 17220 19350 124

Maryland 17060 19150 123

New York 16920 18950 120

Georgia 16280 18250 121

Louisiana 12870 14390 118

North Carolina 15510 17260 113

New Hampshire 16780 18690 114

Arizona 17590 19540 111

Utah 16170 17940 109

Virginia 14890 16450 105

Wisconsin 17350 19080 100

North Dakota 16210 17830 100

Michigan 16450 18060 98

West Virginia 13250 14510 95

Nebraska 17510 19140 93

Kansas 16360 17740 84

Oklahoma 13970 15150 84

Maine 16900 18090 70

Alabama 14570 15330 52

Florida 17000 17840 49

Texas 12750 13380 49

Indiana 17700 18500 45

Ohio 17150 17930 45

Kentucky 15650 16230 37

South Carolina 16400 16910 31

Arkansas 13600 13960 26

South Dakota 16890 17300 24

Mississippi 14400 14190 -15

Connecticut 21310 20870 -21

Tennessee 16730 16250 -29

Nevada 18320 17670 -35

Hawaii 16740 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

South Dakota $17300 $29080

North Dakota 17830 30620

Iowa 18870 31990

Montana 16680 29880

Nebraska 19140 33060

Mississippi 14190 28630

Vermont 19760 34650

New Mexico 18040 33000

South Carolina 16910 31940

Rhode Island 23040 38240

Wyoming 17280 32510

Indiana 18500 33820

Arizona 19540 34880

Maine 18090 33480

Idaho 17330 32770

Arkansas 13960 29560

Alaska 26390 42170

Florida 17840 33750

West Virginia 14510 30470

Kentucky 16230 32170

Oklahoma 15150 31150

Kansas 17740 33780

Wisconsin 19080 35240

Utah 17940 34110

Oregon 20630 36980

Tennessee 16250 32730

Alabama 15330 31940

Nevada 17670 34300

Pennsylvania 19350 35970

North Carolina 17260 34120

Louisiana 14390 31230

Missouri 17380 34460

Georgia 18250 35840

Ohio 17930 35910

Minnesota 21090 39840

New Hampshire 18690 37450

Delaware 19790 39050

New Jersey 23490 43040

California 21100 41980

Washington 19770 40860

Michigan 18060 39590

Colorado 18240 39820

Illinois 16660 38580

Texas 13380 35310

Maryland 19150 41360

Virginia 16450 39130

Connecticut 20870 44400

Massachusetts 21700 45290

New York 18950 43590

District of Columbia 21630 57980

Ap

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are

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es

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 185

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

New Jersey $15920 $35160 1209

Maryland 12690 26890 1119

Georgia 12370 25770 1083

Virginia 11870 22230 873

District of Columbia 15610 28090 799

Connecticut 15940 28670 799

Kentucky 12110 21560 780

California 15140 26950 780

Oregon 15780 27960 772

Pennsylvania 13060 22990 760

Alaska 19450 33830 739

Illinois 12600 21540 710

Tennessee 12280 20860 699

South Dakota 13110 22100 686

Delaware 14720 24400 658

Mississippi 11350 18810 657

Louisiana 11480 19010 656

Florida 13820 22880 656

Colorado 14100 23310 653

New Mexico 13440 22100 644

Nebraska 14780 24210 638

Missouri 13630 22310 637

Alabama 11970 19510 630

Wyoming 13390 21560 610

Vermont 15650 25180 609

Iowa 14930 24010 608

New York 14610 23450 605

North Dakota 13720 22010 604

North Carolina 13840 22090 596

New Hampshire 14470 22750 572

Ohio 14310 22450 569

Arkansas 11460 17870 559

Rhode Island 18130 28210 556

Indiana 14590 22690 555

Minnesota 17160 26390 538

Idaho 14140 21740 537

Oklahoma 11920 18270 533

Michigan 14670 22400 527

Wisconsin 15060 22870 519

West Virginia 11710 17770 518

Maine 14640 22110 510

Massachusetts 17940 27070 509

Arizona 15050 22560 499

Texas 11400 16780 472

Utah 15100 22170 468

Kansas 14850 21780 467

South Carolina 14410 21070 462

Washington 16100 23160 439

Montana 14390 20590 431

Nevada 15070 21520 428

Ap

pend

ix B

Ta

ble

s |

Lo

ng

-term

Care

Ro

les | P

erso

nal a

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om

e C

are

Aid

es

186 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 1435

Vermont 988

Delaware 868

Maine 661

Pennsylvania 626

Washington 534

Rhode Island 489

Nebraska 488

Connecticut 483

Alaska 468

Massachusetts 465

Colorado 462

Utah 461

Oregon 417

Virginia 386

Kentucky 380

California 366

Illinois 357

Maryland 319

Florida 306

Oklahoma 290

Iowa 281

Arizona 281

New Jersey 268

New Hampshire 264

Indiana 261

West Virginia 240

Wisconsin 233

New York 221

Minnesota 220

Montana 216

Alabama 214

Ohio 207

Kansas 206

Hawaii 203

Wyoming 200

Michigan 199

North Carolina 199

Tennessee 195

Nevada 189

Missouri 187

Louisiana 185

South Dakota 175

Mississippi 160

New Mexico 151

Idaho 138

Texas 110

Georgia 84

Arkansas 62

North Dakota NA

South Carolina NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Hawaii 1000

Louisiana 750

Illinois 720

Michigan 719

Wyoming 700

District of Columbia 643

Massachusetts 592

New York 588

Arkansas 571

North Carolina 571

California 569

Washington 564

West Virginia 556

Alaska 550

Mississippi 550

Oregon 533

Indiana 525

Nebraska 514

Ohio 509

Delaware 500

Georgia 500

Iowa 500

Kansas 500

Montana 500

New Mexico 500

Texas 500

Vermont 500

Wisconsin 500

Rhode Island 480

Florida 472

Pennsylvania 472

Virginia 471

Maine 455

New Jersey 455

Colorado 452

Connecticut 450

Alabama 444

Oklahoma 440

Kentucky 424

New Hampshire 421

Minnesota 417

Tennessee 417

South Dakota 375

Nevada 350

Arizona 340

Idaho 333

Utah 333

Maryland 328

Missouri 314

North Dakota NA

South Carolina NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Maryland 458

Missouri 453

Arizona 448

Idaho 411

South Dakota 383

Utah 374

Hawaii 360

New Mexico 357

Alaska 333

Colorado 332

New Hampshire 329

Tennessee 319

Nevada 317

Minnesota 314

Delaware 314

Kentucky 312

Wyoming 300

Maine 283

Oklahoma 277

Wisconsin 268

New Jersey 261

Montana 259

Florida 259

Connecticut 257

Virginia 256

Iowa 255

Pennsylvania 254

Alabama 250

Rhode Island 243

Indiana 230

Texas 229

Vermont 228

Georgia 222

Ohio 220

Kansas 214

Nebraska 214

Arkansas 210

Mississippi 201

North Carolina 200

Oregon 190

Washington 188

West Virginia 178

New York 172

California 172

Massachusetts 141

District of Columbia 117

Michigan 90

Illinois 90

Louisiana 60

North Dakota NA

South Carolina NA

Ap

pend

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and

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s | M

enta

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Counse

lors

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 187

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Idaho $32600 $68270 1094

Iowa 21810 40620 862

West Virginia 21580 34500 599

Mississippi 24690 36630 484

South Carolina 25750 36720 426

Rhode Island 25650 36120 408

Georgia 26910 37770 404

California 30610 41570 358

Indiana 25720 34690 349

Oklahoma 25980 34120 313

Tennessee 24880 32480 305

New Jersey 31190 39630 271

Kentucky 26980 34200 268

Virginia 31410 39760 266

Pennsylvania 24640 31140 264

District of Columbia 23030 28930 256

New Mexico 33440 41210 232

Florida 29430 35860 218

Texas 30860 37490 215

Hawaii 34690 41560 198

Delaware 30310 36240 196

Louisiana 28370 33790 191

Kansas 29370 34730 182

Maryland 28050 33000 176

Oregon 33680 39380 169

Minnesota 34230 39810 163

Washington 34520 39730 151

Arizona 31630 36330 149

Ohio 33430 37880 133

Massachusetts 30430 34230 125

New Hampshire 35710 40110 123

Wyoming 34770 38630 111

Illinois 28650 31820 111

Montana 27630 30560 106

Maine 35660 39340 103

Arkansas 36760 40340 97

Alabama 27660 30220 93

Vermont 41550 45370 92

South Dakota 32860 35770 89

North Carolina 34100 36990 85

Alaska 36560 39500 80

Michigan 36780 39490 74

Connecticut 32680 34870 67

Missouri 37010 39370 64

North Dakota 34080 36270 64

New York 32360 34390 63

Colorado 33960 35680 51

Nebraska 34270 34230 -01

Wisconsin 46500 45110 -30

Nevada 42830 40150 -63

Utah 33460 29120 -130

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Idaho $68270 $32770

Arkansas 40340 29560

Vermont 45370 34650

Wisconsin 45110 35240

Iowa 40620 31990

New Mexico 41210 33000

Mississippi 36630 28630

South Dakota 35770 29080

Wyoming 38630 32510

Maine 39340 33480

Nevada 40150 34300

North Dakota 36270 30620

Missouri 39370 34460

Hawaii 41560 36750

South Carolina 36720 31940

West Virginia 34500 30470

Oklahoma 34120 31150

North Carolina 36990 34120

New Hampshire 40110 37450

Louisiana 33790 31230

Oregon 39380 36980

Texas 37490 35310

Florida 35860 33750

Kentucky 34200 32170

Ohio 37880 35910

Georgia 37770 35840

Arizona 36330 34880

Nebraska 34230 33060

Kansas 34730 33780

Indiana 34690 33820

Montana 30560 29880

Virginia 39760 39130

Minnesota 39810 39840

Michigan 39490 39590

Tennessee 32480 32730

California 41570 41980

Puerto Rico 21140 22070

Washington 39730 40860

Alabama 30220 31940

Rhode Island 36120 38240

Alaska 39500 42170

Delaware 36240 39050

New Jersey 39630 43040

Colorado 35680 39820

Pennsylvania 31140 35970

Utah 29120 34110

Illinois 31820 38580

Maryland 33000 41360

New York 34390 43590

Connecticut 34870 44400

Massachusetts 34230 45290

District of Columbia 28930 57980

Ap

pend

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enta

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Counse

lors

188 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Hawaii $20130 $82990 3123

Tennessee 16000 64540 3034

Virginia 21160 66380 2137

California 21840 68210 2123

Arizona 19190 56350 1936

District of Columbia 15600 45180 1896

New York 19990 56960 1849

Nebraska 18540 49950 1694

Wisconsin 25230 67850 1689

Louisiana 19460 52270 1686

Iowa 22210 58710 1643

Massachusetts 21750 56840 1613

Utah 19680 50750 1579

South Carolina 20270 52080 1569

Oklahoma 21930 54780 1498

Nevada 23260 57850 1487

North Dakota 21990 54420 1475

Oregon 22540 55540 1464

North Carolina 23060 56540 1452

Maryland 20330 49830 1451

New Hampshire 25190 61350 1435

Georgia 22900 55370 1418

West Virginia 22310 53240 1386

Alaska 23850 56450 1367

Indiana 21900 51530 1353

Pennsylvania 20220 47530 1351

New Jersey 24710 58060 1350

Alabama 19060 44250 1322

Kentucky 21900 50200 1292

Missouri 24830 56550 1277

Florida 23770 54070 1275

Delaware 23590 53340 1261

Texas 24810 54410 1193

Colorado 23450 51070 1178

New Mexico 26900 58330 1168

Connecticut 24230 52150 1152

Ohio 25330 54470 1150

Arkansas 26100 56020 1146

Maine 24630 52830 1145

Minnesota 26890 57340 1132

Kansas 23260 47980 1063

Rhode Island 24530 50390 1054

Illinois 21240 43600 1053

Michigan 26480 54050 1041

Mississippi 21860 44230 1023

Vermont 31930 62600 961

Washington 28610 54920 920

Montana 22420 42680 904

Wyoming 29170 52620 804

South Dakota 26570 46580 753

Ap

pend

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and

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enta

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Counse

lors

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 189

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Maine 1060

District of Columbia 1002

Washington 948

Delaware 868

Alaska 733

Massachusetts 628

West Virginia 558

Kansas 557

North Dakota 554

Vermont 542

Ohio 525

Connecticut 512

Pennsylvania 510

Oregon 446

Arizona 442

South Dakota 422

Montana 411

Missouri 393

Utah 384

Tennessee 376

New Jersey 373

New York 359

Nebraska 356

Maryland 354

Michigan 353

North Carolina 350

Wisconsin 340

Florida 336

Kentucky 309

Virginia 303

Alabama 288

Indiana 287

Louisiana 270

Minnesota 269

Oklahoma 247

California 240

Hawaii 235

Colorado 231

Illinois 227

New Mexico 221

Iowa 220

New Hampshire 219

Texas 193

Mississippi 192

Arkansas 178

Wyoming 140

Georgia 135

South Carolina 132

Nevada 111

Idaho 72

Rhode Island NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

North Dakota 600

Louisiana 567

West Virginia 548

Washington 547

District of Columbia 500

Hawaii 500

Colorado 465

Alabama 444

Nebraska 435

Mississippi 429

Pennsylvania 420

North Carolina 417

Alaska 400

Oklahoma 400

South Carolina 400

Utah 400

Michigan 396

Texas 389

Oregon 380

Indiana 378

California 368

New Mexico 367

New York 364

Missouri 355

Delaware 353

New Jersey 353

Virginia 352

Illinois 343

Ohio 334

New Hampshire 333

Vermont 333

Wisconsin 333

Florida 313

Maine 308

Minnesota 307

Connecticut 300

Idaho 286

Iowa 286

Kentucky 286

South Dakota 286

Arizona 281

Tennessee 280

Maryland 277

Montana 273

Arkansas 267

Kansas 254

Massachusetts 250

Georgia 233

Nevada 00

Rhode Island NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Georgia 600

Idaho 567

South Dakota 467

New Mexico 463

Arkansas 459

Maryland 449

Colorado 442

Utah 438

Arizona 437

Kentucky 435

Wyoming 429

Montana 417

Nevada 417

Hawaii 414

Tennessee 413

Maine 395

Florida 393

Minnesota 384

Alaska 383

New Hampshire 369

Connecticut 356

Vermont 350

New Jersey 344

Ohio 342

Iowa 341

Massachusetts 333

Kansas 331

Wisconsin 330

Illinois 329

Missouri 318

Virginia 317

Indiana 316

Delaware 314

New York 300

California 286

Oklahoma 279

Michigan 263

Texas 262

North Carolina 247

Pennsylvania 242

South Carolina 222

Mississippi 215

Nebraska 208

Oregon 197

Alabama 178

District of Columbia 152

Washington 150

West Virginia 132

North Dakota 123

Louisiana 107

Rhode Island NA

Ap

pend

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enta

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buse

Socia

l Work

ers

190 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Nevada $36730 $54070 472

Arizona 25000 34450 378

Kansas 28430 36450 282

Utah 31460 40190 277

West Virginia 18550 23400 261

Alabama 24350 30180 239

Texas 27410 33670 228

Indiana 28780 35050 218

Massachusetts 35730 43260 211

Arkansas 27880 33670 208

Ohio 29560 35630 205

Maryland 36570 43950 202

Tennessee 25010 30040 201

Minnesota 37030 44260 195

Montana 26930 32010 189

Iowa 28100 33370 188

South Carolina 26650 31340 176

Wisconsin 36490 42460 164

Kentucky 28660 33130 156

North Carolina 32490 36890 135

Oklahoma 26060 29530 133

Nebraska 26970 30510 131

Hawaii 37970 42740 126

Mississippi 24200 27230 125

Colorado 31480 35360 123

New Jersey 41040 45960 120

Pennsylvania 29410 32510 105

Vermont 35160 38780 103

Maine 32720 36050 102

New York 37630 40890 87

Rhode Island 38460 40990 66

California 35210 36960 50

Connecticut 43470 45350 43

District of Columbia 41480 43110 39

Michigan 35790 36850 30

Illinois 30780 31250 15

Oregon 30030 30440 14

Idaho 32370 32480 03

Florida 31550 31470 -03

Missouri 32330 31980 -11

Delaware 36840 36160 -18

South Dakota 31320 30500 -26

New Hampshire 35170 34100 -30

New Mexico 33760 32290 -44

Virginia 41470 39160 -56

Alaska 35610 31960 -102

Georgia 38680 33200 -142

Wyoming 34210 25190 -264

Louisiana 29720 NA NA

North Dakota NA 30210 NA

Washington 33390 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Nevada $54070 $34300

Wisconsin 42460 35240

Utah 40190 34110

Hawaii 42740 36750

Minnesota 44260 39840

Arkansas 33670 29560

Vermont 38780 34650

New Jersey 45960 43040

North Carolina 36890 34120

Rhode Island 40990 38240

Kansas 36450 33780

Maine 36050 33480

Maryland 43950 41360

Montana 32010 29880

South Dakota 30500 29080

Iowa 33370 31990

Indiana 35050 33820

Kentucky 33130 32170

Connecticut 45350 44400

Virginia 39160 39130

Ohio 35630 35910

Idaho 32480 32770

North Dakota 30210 30620

Arizona 34450 34880

South Carolina 31340 31940

New Mexico 32290 33000

Mississippi 27230 28630

Oklahoma 29530 31150

Texas 33670 35310

Alabama 30180 31940

Massachusetts 43260 45290

Florida 31470 33750

Missouri 31980 34460

Nebraska 30510 33060

Georgia 33200 35840

New York 40890 43590

Tennessee 30040 32730

Michigan 36850 39590

Delaware 36160 39050

New Hampshire 34100 37450

Pennsylvania 32510 35970

Colorado 35360 39820

California 36960 41980

Oregon 30440 36980

West Virginia 23400 30470

Wyoming 25190 32510

Illinois 31250 38580

Alaska 31960 42170

District of Columbia 43110 57980

Louisiana NA 31230

Ap

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 191

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Utah $16280 $57910 2557

Colorado 17170 56560 2294

Virginia 20430 62740 2071

Idaho 16530 50650 2064

New Mexico 17080 51460 2013

Massachusetts 24360 68020 1792

Nevada 35370 98720 1791

Oklahoma 16160 44970 1783

Alabama 16480 45760 1777

Michigan 20110 54310 1701

Arizona 20060 53380 1661

Georgia 17310 45830 1648

Mississippi 14340 37890 1642

Rhode Island 25610 65210 1546

Connecticut 27150 67700 1494

Arkansas 20060 49360 1461

Wyoming 15620 37680 1412

Illinois 19210 46260 1408

South Carolina 19580 46560 1378

Pennsylvania 20330 48200 1371

New Hampshire 21680 51380 1370

California 23250 55060 1368

New York 25810 60420 1341

Maine 22760 52260 1296

Alaska 20810 47660 1290

Kansas 23470 53620 1285

Virgin Islands 22670 51500 1272

Oregon 19770 44600 1256

Tennessee 19230 43080 1240

Wisconsin 26510 59140 1231

North Dakota 19200 42750 1227

Missouri 20250 44430 1194

Nebraska 20320 43820 1156

Minnesota 28430 61170 1152

New Jersey 30360 64320 1119

Indiana 23290 48950 1102

West Virginia 15840 32810 1071

Florida 21570 44410 1059

Montana 21340 43300 1029

North Carolina 25540 51640 1022

Ohio 24920 49550 988

Texas 23820 46590 956

Iowa 24060 46620 938

Delaware 25710 49520 926

Maryland 29620 56960 923

Kentucky 23580 45120 913

District of Columbia 30750 57250 862

Hawaii 30870 56050 816

Vermont 30360 50130 651

South Dakota 23770 38880 636

Ap

pend

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s |

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and

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and S

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ers

192 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Massachusetts 1450

District of Columbia 953

Mississippi 890

South Dakota 598

Missouri 535

South Carolina 504

Louisiana 413

Vermont 393

Maine 361

Idaho 360

New Hampshire 297

Michigan 289

New York 285

Kansas 265

West Virginia 256

Pennsylvania 252

Oklahoma 232

Tennessee 231

Wyoming 220

North Carolina 215

Montana 214

Nebraska 207

Rhode Island 200

Georgia 192

Wisconsin 191

New Jersey 187

Utah 185

Arizona 161

Texas 145

Florida 143

Alabama 141

Alaska 137

Illinois 132

Oregon 131

Virginia 116

Arkansas 115

Maryland 98

Kentucky 95

Nevada 92

Connecticut 90

New Mexico 65

California 49

Ohio 41

Delaware 37

Minnesota 25

Colorado NA

Hawaii NA

Indiana NA

Iowa NA

North Dakota NA

Washington NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Louisiana 1000

Michigan 1000

Kentucky 833

New York 778

Pennsylvania 755

South Dakota 667

Massachusetts 665

Virginia 647

South Carolina 640

Georgia 600

Tennessee 571

Texas 571

Missouri 550

District of Columbia 538

Maryland 538

Illinois 512

Alabama 500

Maine 500

New Jersey 500

Oregon 500

Rhode Island 500

Utah 500

West Virginia 462

Florida 443

Kansas 429

Montana 429

Vermont 429

Nebraska 417

New Hampshire 417

California 400

Minnesota 400

North Carolina 400

Oklahoma 400

Mississippi 375

Ohio 353

Nevada 300

Idaho 273

Arkansas 250

Wisconsin 250

Arizona 211

Connecticut 00

Delaware 00

Alaska NA

Colorado NA

Hawaii NA

Indiana NA

Iowa NA

New Mexico NA

North Dakota NA

Washington NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 517

Utah 372

Arkansas 370

Nevada 350

Idaho 319

Minnesota 280

Wisconsin 279

New Mexico 250

Ohio 234

Mississippi 216

Montana 200

Nebraska 196

New Hampshire 195

California 176

North Carolina 168

Kansas 167

Rhode Island 164

Florida 163

Alabama 159

Oklahoma 148

Vermont 145

West Virginia 138

Maine 128

Tennessee 127

New Jersey 125

Illinois 125

Missouri 118

District of Columbia 113

Oregon 109

Maryland 103

Texas 95

Wyoming 91

South Carolina 87

Georgia 79

Virginia 72

Massachusetts 65

South Dakota 59

Alaska 45

Pennsylvania 42

New York 33

Connecticut 32

Kentucky 18

Delaware 00

Michigan 00

Louisiana 00

Colorado NA

Hawaii NA

Indiana NA

Iowa NA

North Dakota NA

Washington NA

Ap

pend

ix B

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s |

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and

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s | P

sychia

tric A

ides

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 193

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Maine $21990 $27710 260

West Virginia 15200 18610 224

Louisiana 16220 19600 208

Alaska 28160 33850 202

Massachusetts 23270 27960 202

Kansas 17010 20400 199

Arkansas 15320 18330 196

Oklahoma 17060 20200 184

Nebraska 20110 23190 153

Iowa 24060 27440 140

Texas 17650 20080 138

New Jersey 25160 28600 137

Pennsylvania 26040 29360 127

Illinois 20000 22380 119

Arizona 19240 21490 117

Maryland 23100 25330 97

Alabama 16760 18280 91

Indiana 22420 24270 83

Wisconsin 20440 21940 73

New York 28600 30610 70

New Mexico 21470 22970 70

Connecticut 25190 26820 65

California 22760 24110 59

Oregon 24460 25450 40

Washington 28460 29410 33

Montana 22850 22790 -03

South Carolina 18140 17920 -12

Kentucky 19380 19130 -13

North Carolina 21060 20440 -29

Mississippi 17660 17070 -33

Missouri 20150 19450 -35

Georgia 22180 21150 -46

Virginia 23140 21770 -59

Michigan 27780 25780 -72

Tennessee 21900 20180 -79

Florida 21970 19780 -100

Ohio 28080 20210 -280

Colorado 22250 NA NA

District of Columbia NA 27290 NA

Hawaii NA 27630 NA

Idaho 24310 NA NA

Minnesota NA 24200 NA

Nevada NA 32120 NA

New Hampshire 21940 NA NA

North Dakota NA 20630 NA

Rhode Island 29220 NA NA

South Dakota NA 24530 NA

Utah 19110 NA NA

Vermont 20680 NA NA

Wyoming 13160 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Nevada $32120 $34300

South Dakota 24530 29080

Iowa 27440 31990

Maine 27710 33480

Pennsylvania 29360 35970

Montana 22790 29880

Alaska 33850 42170

Hawaii 27630 36750

Indiana 24270 33820

Nebraska 23190 33060

North Dakota 20630 30620

New Mexico 22970 33000

Oklahoma 20200 31150

Arkansas 18330 29560

Washington 29410 40860

Oregon 25450 36980

Mississippi 17070 28630

Louisiana 19600 31230

West Virginia 18610 30470

Tennessee 20180 32730

New York 30610 43590

Kentucky 19130 32170

Wisconsin 21940 35240

Kansas 20400 33780

Arizona 21490 34880

Alabama 18280 31940

North Carolina 20440 34120

Michigan 25780 39590

Florida 19780 33750

South Carolina 17920 31940

New Jersey 28600 43040

Georgia 21150 35840

Missouri 19450 34460

Texas 20080 35310

Minnesota 24200 39840

Ohio 20210 35910

Maryland 25330 41360

Illinois 22380 38580

Virginia 21770 39130

Massachusetts 27960 45290

Connecticut 26820 44400

California 24110 41980

District of Columbia 27290 57980

Ap

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194 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

New Mexico $13400 $33390 1492

District of Columbia 16510 38960 1360

Pennsylvania 19310 42810 1217

Iowa 18050 39410 1183

Illinois 15280 31700 1075

Arkansas 12830 26600 1073

Ohio 14750 30230 1049

Michigan 18200 36920 1029

Louisiana 13640 27250 998

Alabama 12350 24360 972

Oregon 17010 32940 937

West Virginia 13660 26150 914

New Jersey 21040 40140 908

North Carolina 14360 26740 862

Kentucky 14310 26610 860

Nevada 23000 42580 851

Tennessee 14990 27370 826

South Dakota 17720 32240 819

Washington 19840 35940 811

Connecticut 19400 34740 791

Indiana 18350 32670 780

Maryland 18850 33360 770

Alaska 24910 43620 751

Texas 15150 26360 740

Maine 20060 34660 728

Georgia 15980 27460 718

Minnesota 18200 31220 715

Missouri 15080 25750 708

Wisconsin 16570 27940 686

Montana 16630 27940 680

Oklahoma 15580 26000 669

Florida 15330 25180 643

Kansas 15860 25950 636

Arizona 16840 27510 634

Virginia 16960 27630 629

California 18510 29100 572

New York 23940 37340 560

Nebraska 18420 28530 549

South Carolina 14940 22400 499

Mississippi 14540 21720 494

Hawaii 23100 34310 485

Massachusetts 23020 34150 483

North Dakota 17820 25400 425

Ap

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 195

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 905

Illinois 523

Virginia 450

Utah 410

Rhode Island 359

North Carolina 348

Montana 344

Nebraska 337

South Dakota 256

Maine 238

Colorado 233

Louisiana 219

Indiana 209

Vermont 208

Alaska 203

Delaware 198

Florida 197

Idaho 179

Kansas 170

Oregon 167

Oklahoma 163

Arkansas 123

Kentucky 111

Ohio 111

North Dakota 109

Wisconsin 107

Pennsylvania 103

Arizona 101

Mississippi 101

New Jersey 93

Texas 92

Massachusetts 87

West Virginia 74

Georgia 69

Maryland 65

New York 55

Michigan 54

Alabama 49

Tennessee 35

Minnesota 23

California NA

Connecticut NA

Hawaii NA

Iowa NA

Missouri NA

Nevada NA

New Hampshire NA

New Mexico NA

South Carolina NA

Washington NA

Wyoming NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 1000

Illinois 1000

Kentucky 1000

Louisiana 1000

Michigan 1000

Nebraska 1000

New York 1000

North Dakota 1000

Ohio 1000

Pennsylvania 1000

Rhode Island 1000

South Dakota 1000

Tennessee 1000

Vermont 1000

West Virginia 1000

Wisconsin 1000

Virginia 935

Massachusetts 933

Oregon 850

Indiana 800

Maryland 800

Delaware 667

Kansas 667

Florida 629

Oklahoma 600

Texas 556

Alabama 500

Maine 500

Mississippi 444

Colorado 435

Minnesota 400

Idaho 375

Arkansas 333

New Jersey 333

Utah 333

Georgia 300

North Carolina 267

Montana 250

Arizona 219

Alaska NA

California NA

Connecticut NA

Hawaii NA

Iowa NA

Missouri NA

Nevada NA

New Hampshire NA

New Mexico NA

South Carolina NA

Washington NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 451

North Carolina 398

Montana 377

New Jersey 375

Minnesota 330

Georgia 237

Arkansas 234

Utah 232

Idaho 195

Mississippi 159

Alaska 154

Alabama 136

Maine 133

Kansas 130

Colorado 124

Texas 100

Florida 79

Oklahoma 70

Wisconsin 52

Oregon 51

West Virginia 45

Indiana 39

New York 38

North Dakota 14

Maryland 14

Virginia 09

Vermont 08

South Dakota 05

Delaware 00

Louisiana 00

Massachusetts 00

Pennsylvania 00

Tennessee 00

Ohio 00

Rhode Island 00

Michigan 00

Illinois 00

Nebraska 00

District of Columbia 00

Kentucky 00

California NA

Connecticut NA

Hawaii NA

Iowa NA

Missouri NA

Nevada NA

New Hampshire NA

New Mexico NA

South Carolina NA

Washington NA

Wyoming NA

Ap

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196 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Idaho $19050 $27250 430

New Mexico 17120 24080 407

Arizona 20650 28410 376

Iowa 19230 26140 359

Texas 17820 23540 321

Maryland 22590 29420 302

Massachusetts 26470 32250 218

Kentucky 18490 22430 213

Alabama 18050 21540 193

California 35180 41870 190

Ohio 23960 28470 188

Connecticut 37150 43830 180

Louisiana 16810 19690 171

Utah 18790 21740 157

Georgia 24600 28420 155

New York 27400 31460 148

Arkansas 17940 20360 135

North Carolina 23090 25940 123

Illinois 26380 29610 122

Vermont 28580 31910 117

Kansas 24020 26690 111

Missouri 19270 21280 104

Michigan 26910 28930 75

Florida 20950 22490 74

District of Columbia 31830 34150 73

Maine 22930 24320 61

Oregon 31300 33000 54

Colorado 29170 30650 51

Indiana 23690 24880 50

South Carolina 19790 20610 41

Wisconsin 29500 30620 38

Washington 31450 31910 15

Pennsylvania 26690 26950 10

Virginia 22700 22870 07

New Jersey 33740 33690 -01

Mississippi 19860 19790 -04

Minnesota 28290 28000 -10

Oklahoma 25120 23400 -68

Alaska 54180 NA NA

Delaware 28950 NA NA

Nebraska 20330 NA NA

Nevada 23020 NA NA

North Dakota NA 24830 NA

Rhode Island 34070 NA NA

Tennessee 20890 NA NA

West Virginia 22630 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

California $41870 $41980

Connecticut 43830 44400

Vermont 31910 34650

Oregon 33000 36980

Wisconsin 30620 35240

Idaho 27250 32770

North Dakota 24830 30620

Iowa 26140 31990

Arizona 28410 34880

Kansas 26690 33780

Georgia 28420 35840

Ohio 28470 35910

Oklahoma 23400 31150

North Carolina 25940 34120

Mississippi 19790 28630

New Mexico 24080 33000

Indiana 24880 33820

Washington 31910 40860

Illinois 29610 38580

Pennsylvania 26950 35970

Colorado 30650 39820

Maine 24320 33480

Arkansas 20360 29560

New Jersey 33690 43040

Kentucky 22430 32170

Alabama 21540 31940

Michigan 28930 39590

Florida 22490 33750

South Carolina 20610 31940

Louisiana 19690 31230

Texas 23540 35310

Minnesota 28000 39840

Maryland 29420 41360

New York 31460 43590

Utah 21740 34110

Massachusetts 32250 45290

Missouri 21280 34460

Virginia 22870 39130

District of Columbia 34150 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 197

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Alabama $12460 $31630 1539

New Jersey 20590 49690 1413

Idaho 18120 40200 1219

North Dakota 18420 40060 1175

Massachusetts 20910 45450 1174

Georgia 18540 39890 1152

Maryland 20240 42120 1081

Oregon 21460 43810 1041

New Mexico 16310 32560 996

New York 21530 42740 985

Iowa 18550 36640 975

Ohio 19960 39270 967

Wisconsin 21710 41700 921

District of Columbia 23180 43860 892

Pennsylvania 19260 36130 876

California 29420 54940 867

Texas 17110 31520 842

Michigan 20220 36790 819

Arizona 21010 37860 802

Kansas 19380 34580 784

Florida 16340 29150 784

Louisiana 14710 26040 770

Mississippi 15060 26500 760

South Carolina 15350 26850 749

Arkansas 15440 26990 748

Vermont 24370 42310 736

Connecticut 31710 54760 727

Colorado 23410 40420 727

North Carolina 18190 30480 676

Washington 24340 40780 675

Indiana 19320 31990 656

Maine 19380 31480 624

Kentucky 17510 28420 623

Virginia 18050 29080 611

Oklahoma 18190 29280 610

Minnesota 21700 34870 607

Illinois 22570 36090 599

Utah 17890 27940 562

Missouri 17820 26610 493

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198 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

North Dakota 857

West Virginia 800

Michigan 771

Louisiana 750

District of Columbia 739

South Carolina 700

Wyoming 700

Iowa 667

New York 667

North Carolina 667

Connecticut 625

Nebraska 615

Delaware 600

Oklahoma 600

Vermont 600

Washington 589

Maine 579

Ohio 573

Alabama 571

Alaska 567

Illinois 566

Maryland 564

Mississippi 563

Virginia 563

Pennsylvania 552

Nevada 550

New Jersey 545

Georgia 540

Florida 523

Texas 519

Hawaii 500

Montana 500

New Mexico 500

Rhode Island 500

South Dakota 500

Tennessee 500

Indiana 480

Oregon 480

New Hampshire 462

Minnesota 458

Colorado 446

Kentucky 440

Missouri 429

Idaho 423

Arkansas 417

Massachusetts 412

Wisconsin 400

California 373

Arizona 361

Kansas 353

Utah 333

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 400

Utah 400

Kansas 393

Nevada 360

Arkansas 345

Idaho 335

Missouri 323

Kentucky 301

New Mexico 294

Massachusetts 288

Alaska 275

Wyoming 273

Minnesota 271

Hawaii 267

New Hampshire 256

Colorado 245

Montana 243

Georgia 242

Tennessee 242

Rhode Island 240

Wisconsin 238

South Dakota 220

Indiana 215

Texas 213

Oregon 210

Florida 205

Delaware 192

New Jersey 192

Pennsylvania 184

California 183

Vermont 182

Maine 180

Virginia 179

Maryland 178

Illinois 175

Washington 174

Oklahoma 171

Ohio 171

Mississippi 170

North Carolina 158

Iowa 149

Alabama 148

Connecticut 126

Nebraska 122

New York 111

West Virginia 90

South Carolina 89

Louisiana 85

District of Columbia 82

Michigan 76

North Dakota 48

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 1311

Alaska 796

South Dakota 539

Maryland 494

Rhode Island 479

Montana 461

North Dakota 426

Iowa 424

Vermont 393

Maine 360

New York 357

Oregon 352

Washington 351

Idaho 345

Connecticut 344

Colorado 327

Delaware 323

Massachusetts 320

New Jersey 303

South Carolina 300

Pennsylvania 287

Hawaii 243

California 234

Illinois 223

Wyoming 220

Nebraska 218

Missouri 218

Oklahoma 218

Utah 216

Kansas 206

New Hampshire 199

Indiana 196

Alabama 196

Wisconsin 193

Minnesota 190

North Carolina 190

New Mexico 183

Florida 181

Ohio 180

Arizona 177

Arkansas 156

Texas 140

Mississippi 137

Louisiana 132

Michigan 118

Nevada 115

Kentucky 113

Georgia 111

Virginia 108

Tennessee 107

West Virginia 92

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 199

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

New Hampshire $21900 $38880 775

Arizona 26920 42630 584

Oklahoma 20810 31740 525

Nevada 25950 39160 509

New Jersey 33910 47450 399

New Mexico 26270 36180 377

Indiana 28430 37630 324

Montana 24780 32580 315

Florida 26750 35170 315

Kentucky 26710 34390 288

Kansas 26310 33140 260

Nebraska 27640 34700 255

Minnesota 31950 40090 255

Georgia 27990 34990 250

Massachusetts 30250 37570 242

Missouri 28400 35080 235

Ohio 29300 34900 191

California 28140 33340 185

Alabama 27870 32680 173

Michigan 31280 36320 161

South Dakota 28190 32470 152

South Carolina 29840 34340 151

Wyoming 29780 34090 145

Oregon 28040 32070 144

Maine 28490 32580 144

Maryland 32510 37000 138

Idaho 31490 35600 131

North Carolina 29640 33450 129

Washington 29080 32770 127

Connecticut 34070 38400 127

Virginia 36970 41530 123

Tennessee 27590 30660 111

District of Columbia 34930 38710 108

Iowa 28670 31720 106

Colorado 28810 31830 105

North Dakota 33050 36000 89

Illinois 28030 30350 83

Alaska 34130 36930 82

Mississippi 24500 26300 73

Texas 26750 28090 50

West Virginia 28930 30340 49

New York 36600 37960 37

Arkansas 22130 22890 34

Pennsylvania 30160 30940 26

Louisiana 27910 28590 24

Utah 35070 35400 09

Delaware 33780 32910 -26

Vermont 40300 38220 -52

Wisconsin 41560 37930 -87

Hawaii 40030 34510 -138

Rhode Island 26090 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Arizona $42630 $34880

North Dakota 36000 30620

Nevada 39160 34300

New Jersey 47450 43040

Indiana 37630 33820

Vermont 38220 34650

South Dakota 32470 29080

New Mexico 36180 33000

Idaho 35600 32770

Montana 32580 29880

Wisconsin 37930 35240

South Carolina 34340 31940

Virginia 41530 39130

Kentucky 34390 32170

Nebraska 34700 33060

Wyoming 34090 32510

Florida 35170 33750

New Hampshire 38880 37450

Utah 35400 34110

Alabama 32680 31940

Missouri 35080 34460

Oklahoma 31740 31150

Minnesota 40090 39840

West Virginia 30340 30470

Iowa 31720 31990

Kansas 33140 33780

North Carolina 33450 34120

Georgia 34990 35840

Maine 32580 33480

Ohio 34900 35910

Tennessee 30660 32730

Hawaii 34510 36750

Mississippi 26300 28630

Louisiana 28590 31230

Michigan 36320 39590

Maryland 37000 41360

Oregon 32070 36980

Pennsylvania 30940 35970

Alaska 36930 42170

New York 37960 43590

Connecticut 38400 44400

Delaware 32910 39050

Arkansas 22890 29560

Texas 28090 35310

Massachusetts 37570 45290

Colorado 31830 39820

Washington 32770 40860

Illinois 30350 38580

California 33340 41980

District of Columbia 38710 57980

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200 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

New Jersey $24050 $88780 2691

Arizona 20210 66880 2309

Virginia 21970 67230 2060

Minnesota 18010 54790 2042

Nevada 19310 57400 1973

New Hampshire 20370 55460 1723

District of Columbia 14740 39610 1687

Connecticut 16530 43260 1617

Vermont 19910 51140 1569

New York 20030 47880 1390

Wisconsin 22550 53640 1379

Indiana 15310 36320 1372

Massachusetts 20420 48440 1372

Maryland 21790 51380 1358

Alaska 19300 45070 1335

Michigan 19380 44710 1307

New Mexico 20680 47160 1280

North Dakota 25290 57620 1278

Idaho 23990 52890 1205

Utah 20910 45860 1193

Florida 21540 46770 1171

Missouri 23100 49420 1139

Georgia 25210 53650 1128

Ohio 25130 53050 1111

Nebraska 19620 41410 1111

Hawaii 25650 53910 1102

Kentucky 22070 46270 1097

South Carolina 18550 38530 1077

Wyoming 24130 49800 1064

North Carolina 22550 45880 1035

California 19440 39420 1028

Kansas 23960 48220 1013

Delaware 22450 45060 1007

Washington 22700 45200 991

Alabama 23270 45110 939

Maine 26420 51130 935

Montana 23220 43850 888

South Dakota 24820 46110 858

Oregon 23980 43870 829

Colorado 25130 45850 825

Oklahoma 29790 54070 815

Iowa 24900 44490 787

Pennsylvania 24480 43710 786

Tennessee 28010 49980 784

Illinois 23070 40730 765

West Virginia 24750 43430 755

Louisiana 24920 42690 713

Texas 27890 47540 705

Mississippi 29230 46110 577

Arkansas 28300 44460 571

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 201

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Total Growth

State Percentage

Nevada 411

Idaho 381

Utah 353

New Mexico 313

Arizona 303

South Dakota 298

Maryland 293

Colorado 286

Wyoming 281

Texas 276

Florida 266

Alabama 265

Virginia 263

Montana 257

New Jersey 241

New Hampshire 240

Maine 236

Vermont 235

Georgia 230

Kansas 226

Pennsylvania 221

Minnesota 218

Missouri 213

Washington 212

Wisconsin 203

Mississippi 201

North Carolina 200

South Carolina 200

Iowa 190

California 189

Nebraska 188

Indiana 183

Arkansas 183

Hawaii 173

Alaska 171

Connecticut 168

Rhode Island 167

Tennessee 162

North Dakota 156

Ohio 153

New York 147

Delaware 140

Oregon 140

West Virginia 130

Massachusetts 124

Illinois 122

Oklahoma 107

Louisiana 102

District of Columbia 83

Michigan 66

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Rhode Island 2233

Delaware 2121

District of Columbia 1957

Vermont 1766

Massachusetts 1623

Maine 1610

West Virginia 1553

Oklahoma 1551

South Dakota 1477

Montana 1423

Connecticut 1376

Minnesota 1325

Utah 1272

Hawaii 1264

Michigan 1235

Wisconsin 1213

Illinois 1197

Alaska 1186

Pennsylvania 1173

Nebraska 1150

Missouri 1143

New York 1140

New Mexico 1083

Iowa 1058

North Carolina 1032

Tennessee 1024

North Dakota 1011

New Jersey 968

Arizona 948

Virginia 935

Oregon 931

Ohio 874

Colorado 869

Louisiana 809

Georgia 773

Mississippi 770

Indiana 755

Arkansas 734

California 712

Wyoming 641

New Hampshire 637

Maryland 611

Florida 586

Washington 583

Nevada 544

Kansas 505

Texas 493

Alabama 437

South Carolina 390

Idaho 194

Kentucky NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Michigan 719

District of Columbia 679

Louisiana 620

Oklahoma 613

Hawaii 600

Illinois 584

Alaska 567

West Virginia 565

Delaware 547

New York 536

Ohio 528

North Dakota 524

Tennessee 513

Connecticut 506

Rhode Island 506

Iowa 500

Indiana 494

Oregon 489

Arkansas 486

Nebraska 479

California 478

Massachusetts 478

North Carolina 469

South Carolina 467

Mississippi 463

Wisconsin 458

Washington 457

Colorado 456

Missouri 448

Minnesota 440

Georgia 437

Pennsylvania 434

Maine 424

Vermont 422

Alabama 412

New Hampshire 412

Montana 400

New Jersey 400

Florida 395

Virginia 395

Texas 385

New Mexico 370

Maryland 368

Arizona 361

South Dakota 358

Utah 333

Kansas 326

Nevada 290

Idaho 286

Wyoming 100

Kentucky NA

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202 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

StateM e a n A n n u a l Percent

Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Wyoming $23760 $33800 423

Montana 23920 32640 365

Massachusetts 34770 45800 317

New Hampshire 30840 38870 260

North Dakota 30190 38010 259

Minnesota 36010 44710 242

California 36150 44570 233

Louisiana 31310 38310 224

Vermont 31290 37990 214

Maryland 36220 43980 214

Kansas 27250 32920 208

Maine 30120 36110 199

Nebraska 26440 31250 182

Illinois 35700 42170 181

Washington 30060 35390 177

Rhode Island 40970 47990 171

Michigan 38490 44860 165

Missouri 27350 31820 163

Alabama 28000 32540 162

Ohio 31440 36430 159

Arkansas 27640 32020 158

New York 38300 44190 154

Oklahoma 25830 29620 147

Nevada 36650 41980 145

West Virginia 22390 25530 140

Colorado 37180 42230 136

Texas 29820 33820 134

Wisconsin 34520 39040 131

Connecticut 45360 51100 127

North Carolina 32270 35980 115

Utah 29480 32750 111

Alaska 35200 38860 104

Iowa 32640 35900 100

Florida 30160 33090 97

Indiana 28590 31260 93

Georgia 30780 33560 90

New Jersey 45200 49240 89

Tennessee 25670 27930 88

South Dakota 28140 30440 82

Pennsylvania 29530 31880 80

Delaware 33700 36300 77

Virginia 35970 38700 76

South Carolina 28630 30750 74

Hawaii 38940 41650 70

Arizona 30940 32650 55

Mississippi 28230 29380 41

District of Columbia 36530 37870 37

Oregon 35190 35710 15

New Mexico 30970 28850 -68

Idaho 38830 32340 -167

Kentucky 28140 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Rhode Island $47990 $38240

Nevada 41980 34300

North Dakota 38010 30620

Louisiana 38310 31230

Connecticut 51100 44400

New Jersey 49240 43040

Michigan 44860 39590

Minnesota 44710 39840

Hawaii 41650 36750

Iowa 35900 31990

Wisconsin 39040 35240

Illinois 42170 38580

Vermont 37990 34650

Montana 32640 29880

Maine 36110 33480

California 44570 41980

Maryland 43980 41360

Arkansas 32020 29560

Colorado 42230 39820

North Carolina 35980 34120

New Hampshire 38870 37450

South Dakota 30440 29080

Wyoming 33800 32510

Mississippi 29380 28630

Alabama 32540 31940

New York 44190 43590

Ohio 36430 35910

Massachusetts 45800 45290

Virginia 38700 39130

Idaho 32340 32770

Florida 33090 33750

Kansas 32920 33780

South Carolina 30750 31940

Oregon 35710 36980

Utah 32750 34110

Texas 33820 35310

Oklahoma 29620 31150

Nebraska 31250 33060

Arizona 32650 34880

Georgia 33560 35840

Indiana 31260 33820

Missouri 31820 34460

Delaware 36300 39050

Alaska 38860 42170

Pennsylvania 31880 35970

New Mexico 28850 33000

Tennessee 27930 32730

West Virginia 25530 30470

Washington 35390 40860

District of Columbia 37870 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 203

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Illinois $22170 $64510 1910

New Jersey 27820 75890 1728

Virginia 22830 60760 1661

Michigan 25340 66290 1616

California 26210 67700 1583

New York 27130 69360 1557

Rhode Island 27380 69310 1531

New Mexico 17210 43430 1524

Pennsylvania 19080 47500 1490

Alabama 19850 48690 1453

Iowa 21100 51690 1450

Colorado 25690 62900 1448

New Hampshire 25620 62360 1434

Louisiana 22970 55640 1422

Massachusetts 27620 65910 1386

Connecticut 29920 71230 1381

District of Columbia 24530 57170 1331

Oregon 22170 51160 1308

Idaho 22660 51060 1253

Maryland 25970 57520 1215

Alaska 25610 56040 1188

Wisconsin 25650 55880 1179

Minnesota 28890 62830 1175

Montana 20400 43850 1150

Nevada 28190 59640 1116

Florida 23010 48680 1116

Utah 21790 46050 1113

Texas 23040 48590 1109

Delaware 23890 50190 1101

Ohio 24350 51110 1099

Washington 24300 50910 1095

Hawaii 27550 57320 1081

Arizona 21200 43820 1067

Nebraska 21540 43670 1027

North Dakota 26600 53670 1018

West Virginia 16990 34270 1017

North Carolina 24950 49250 974

Arkansas 22640 44300 957

Maine 25220 49190 950

Vermont 26510 51630 948

Indiana 22030 42380 924

Tennessee 20060 38510 920

Missouri 22730 42820 884

Wyoming 24510 45770 867

Mississippi 21690 39560 824

Kansas 24500 43890 791

South Carolina 23220 41170 773

Oklahoma 20360 35110 724

South Dakota 23540 39400 674

Georgia 27650 43280 565

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204 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Utah 1474

Washington 1457

Illinois 1238

California 1220

New Jersey 1178

Alaska 1097

Montana 1095

Colorado 1083

Oregon 1067

Wisconsin 1048

Kansas 1047

Delaware 1042

Rhode Island 1020

Virginia 1018

Connecticut 1000

New Hampshire 996

Maryland 994

Idaho 992

Michigan 992

Arizona 971

Massachusetts 962

Vermont 959

Nebraska 945

Oklahoma 935

Tennessee 929

South Dakota 923

Missouri 917

Indiana 898

New York 888

Minnesota 875

Nevada 857

Ohio 854

New Mexico 841

Kentucky 837

North Dakota 828

Florida 824

Hawaii 810

Iowa 794

South Carolina 770

Arkansas 767

Louisiana 737

Maine 730

Mississippi 727

Texas 723

North Carolina 709

Alabama 676

Pennsylvania 642

Georgia 542

Wyoming 361

West Virginia 348

District of Columbia NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Connecticut 620

Hawaii 600

Washington 580

Nebraska 556

Michigan 537

Illinois 536

West Virginia 514

Rhode Island 500

New York 490

North Dakota 484

Maine 482

Georgia 468

Iowa 464

Louisiana 462

Vermont 459

South Carolina 458

Oklahoma 457

Colorado 455

Pennsylvania 455

Delaware 453

Montana 452

Minnesota 451

Mississippi 446

Ohio 445

New Jersey 431

Oregon 429

Maryland 425

Alabama 425

Florida 422

Kentucky 417

South Dakota 417

New Mexico 409

Texas 400

Wisconsin 400

Indiana 395

Arkansas 387

New Hampshire 375

Utah 370

Massachusetts 367

Missouri 367

Virginia 361

North Carolina 354

Nevada 347

Tennessee 330

California 328

Idaho 327

Arizona 286

Kansas 286

Wyoming 200

Alaska NA

District of Columbia NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 700

Georgia 607

California 571

Idaho 569

Tennessee 563

North Carolina 530

Nevada 529

Utah 506

Virginia 494

New Hampshire 472

Missouri 472

Kansas 458

Wyoming 444

Arkansas 442

Indiana 429

Colorado 427

Wisconsin 425

Texas 420

New Mexico 417

South Dakota 397

Alaska 394

Kentucky 392

Alabama 383

Florida 383

Maryland 376

New Jersey 366

Oklahoma 350

Ohio 348

Delaware 345

Mississippi 343

Louisiana 342

Minnesota 341

Montana 337

Pennsylvania 332

Vermont 330

South Carolina 323

Iowa 313

Massachusetts 306

Maine 306

North Dakota 305

New York 295

Rhode Island 288

West Virginia 275

Oregon 261

Michigan 243

Illinois 243

Hawaii 230

Washington 218

Nebraska 218

Connecticut 165

District of Columbia NA

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 205

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

New Hampshire $23010 $35540 545

Arizona 22760 32080 409

South Dakota 18890 26360 395

West Virginia 19120 26070 363

Maryland 24820 32050 291

Louisiana 18500 23210 255

Maine 22500 28020 245

Vermont 25900 31490 216

New York 24780 29750 201

Oregon 28490 34140 198

Delaware 26140 31150 192

Arkansas 19200 22840 190

North Carolina 26220 31160 188

Michigan 26010 30870 187

North Dakota 25240 29760 179

Nebraska 22570 26540 176

Wisconsin 24250 28110 159

Colorado 29680 34290 155

Ohio 24340 28080 154

Virginia 26620 30690 153

Missouri 24110 27620 146

Florida 24570 28030 141

Tennessee 24200 27600 140

South Carolina 24720 28050 135

Indiana 25140 28380 129

Pennsylvania 23280 25920 113

Connecticut 30640 33940 108

Mississippi 21290 23490 103

Nevada 31340 34450 99

Iowa 26290 28720 92

Minnesota 31430 34170 87

New Jersey 30820 33430 85

Alabama 20750 22230 71

Wyoming 22330 23870 69

Rhode Island 27710 29510 65

Kentucky 24320 25860 63

Oklahoma 23150 24530 60

Kansas 24140 25300 48

Illinois 27160 28460 48

Utah 23280 24300 44

Georgia 26270 27280 38

New Mexico 23060 23910 37

California 30630 31750 37

Montana 22450 23010 25

Massachusetts 33470 34290 24

Hawaii 28450 29030 20

Texas 27080 27550 17

Washington 32380 32670 09

Idaho 29220 29050 -06

Alaska 36370 34240 -59

District of Columbia 39910 36930 -75

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Nevada $34450 $34300

North Dakota 29760 30620

New Hampshire 35540 37450

South Dakota 26360 29080

Arizona 32080 34880

Oregon 34140 36980

North Carolina 31160 34120

Vermont 31490 34650

Iowa 28720 31990

Idaho 29050 32770

South Carolina 28050 31940

West Virginia 26070 30470

Tennessee 27600 32730

Mississippi 23490 28630

Maine 28020 33480

Indiana 28380 33820

Colorado 34290 39820

Minnesota 34170 39840

Florida 28030 33750

Kentucky 25860 32170

Nebraska 26540 33060

Oklahoma 24530 31150

Arkansas 22840 29560

Missouri 27620 34460

Montana 23010 29880

Wisconsin 28110 35240

Hawaii 29030 36750

Texas 27550 35310

Ohio 28080 35910

Delaware 31150 39050

Alaska 34240 42170

Louisiana 23210 31230

Washington 32670 40860

Virginia 30690 39130

Kansas 25300 33780

Georgia 27280 35840

Wyoming 23870 32510

Rhode Island 29510 38240

Michigan 30870 39590

New Mexico 23910 33000

Maryland 32050 41360

New Jersey 33430 43040

Alabama 22230 31940

Utah 24300 34110

Pennsylvania 25920 35970

Illinois 28460 38580

California 31750 41980

Connecticut 33940 44400

Massachusetts 34290 45290

New York 29750 43590

District of Columbia 36930 57980

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10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Montana $12070 $34860 1888

Idaho 17600 44490 1528

Rhode Island 16270 40790 1507

Arizona 18100 43410 1398

Virginia 19270 45090 1340

Alabama 14310 33230 1322

Mississippi 14810 34120 1304

Louisiana 14680 33450 1279

New Mexico 15190 34190 1251

California 20100 43950 1187

North Carolina 20180 43470 1154

Texas 18190 38930 1140

Missouri 18490 39310 1126

North Dakota 20210 42240 1090

Pennsylvania 17100 35420 1071

Colorado 23040 47610 1066

Michigan 20830 42050 1019

Arkansas 15730 31680 1014

Washington 22270 44660 1005

Illinois 18800 37680 1004

Hawaii 17560 35160 1002

South Carolina 19610 39170 997

Delaware 21510 42830 991

Wyoming 16350 32240 972

Minnesota 22680 44370 956

New Jersey 23160 44860 937

West Virginia 18200 35180 933

Maryland 21810 42130 932

Georgia 18890 36260 920

Kentucky 18120 34500 904

Kansas 18290 34450 884

Florida 19700 36520 854

Utah 16930 31360 852

New York 21850 40450 851

Connecticut 23910 43790 831

New Hampshire 24600 45030 830

Indiana 19980 36400 822

South Dakota 19310 34720 798

Iowa 20950 37650 797

Oklahoma 18340 32810 789

Vermont 22630 40270 779

Tennessee 19690 34880 771

Massachusetts 25320 44240 747

Ohio 20320 35380 741

Wisconsin 20720 35160 697

Nebraska 20110 34100 696

Oregon 26180 43450 660

Maine 22400 35600 589

Alaska 27650 43270 565

Nevada 28160 43070 529

District of Columbia 29780 44360 490

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 207

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Nebraska 371

Maryland 300

Rhode Island 254

Oklahoma 224

North Dakota 175

Alabama 174

Arizona 163

Massachusetts 147

Illinois 141

Delaware 136

Colorado 129

Michigan 128

Maine 125

Ohio 118

Missouri 118

Louisiana 114

Iowa 109

Indiana 109

District of Columbia 108

Pennsylvania 107

Utah 99

Montana 99

Connecticut 98

North Carolina 97

New Mexico 92

South Carolina 85

Idaho 84

New York 79

New Hampshire 78

Florida 78

Minnesota 77

Wisconsin 75

Washington 74

Tennessee 71

California 69

Virginia 68

Texas 67

Kansas 59

Mississippi 58

Arkansas 51

Georgia 47

New Jersey 47

West Virginia 39

Kentucky 33

Nevada 23

Oregon 20

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

South Dakota NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 1000

New Jersey 1000

West Virginia 1000

Louisiana 600

South Carolina 600

Maryland 564

Washington 550

Massachusetts 545

Ohio 529

Connecticut 500

Delaware 500

Iowa 500

Kentucky 500

New York 500

Wisconsin 500

Illinois 469

Colorado 464

Georgia 450

Indiana 450

Missouri 450

Michigan 436

California 429

Virginia 429

Alabama 400

Arkansas 400

Nebraska 400

Kansas 375

Rhode Island 375

Pennsylvania 366

Oklahoma 350

Idaho 333

Maine 333

Minnesota 333

Montana 333

New Hampshire 333

North Dakota 333

Tennessee 333

Texas 333

Florida 320

Mississippi 286

North Carolina 250

Arizona 218

Utah 00

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

Nevada NA

New Mexico NA

Oregon NA

South Dakota NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 489

Idaho 434

Nevada 400

Utah 391

New Mexico 353

Kansas 313

Mississippi 299

North Carolina 284

Texas 276

Georgia 275

Florida 262

Colorado 259

New Jersey 250

Minnesota 245

Montana 244

Wisconsin 244

Maine 241

Arkansas 216

New Hampshire 210

Massachusetts 202

Pennsylvania 197

Tennessee 195

Alabama 192

Nebraska 183

Delaware 182

Oklahoma 179

Michigan 178

Washington 178

Connecticut 176

Rhode Island 176

Iowa 172

California 167

Indiana 164

Missouri 164

Virginia 162

Louisiana 157

North Dakota 153

Illinois 149

Oregon 143

New York 125

Kentucky 120

Ohio 119

South Carolina 114

Maryland 107

West Virginia 57

District of Columbia 16

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

South Dakota NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

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2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Utah $16710 $23880 429

Idaho 17440 24840 424

Massachusetts 22610 32100 420

Nevada 24670 34520 399

Alabama 17390 23790 368

Iowa 15970 21530 348

Texas 19000 24470 288

Illinois 18630 23990 288

Oklahoma 15870 20260 277

Virginia 17940 22340 245

Connecticut 26720 33220 243

Maryland 24040 29510 228

Washington 27520 33480 217

Michigan 22840 27050 184

Missouri 17690 20890 181

Mississippi 18550 21660 168

New Hampshire 23210 26890 159

Kentucky 21840 25220 155

Minnesota 27930 32250 155

Nebraska 18390 21160 151

California 26030 29820 146

Colorado 19940 22770 142

Vermont 22010 25110 141

Maine 23000 26190 139

Kansas 18980 21470 131

Louisiana 15180 17090 126

Rhode Island 21080 23590 119

Ohio 26660 29740 116

New Jersey 29590 32760 107

Wisconsin 22240 24200 88

Pennsylvania 23280 25140 80

Florida 22830 24210 60

Tennessee 20900 21480 28

Oregon 27200 27800 22

New York 30400 30630 08

North Carolina 21220 21220 00

Indiana 21800 21420 -17

New Mexico 20460 19830 -31

District of Columbia 24940 24100 -34

West Virginia 22600 21620 -43

Arizona 21670 19950 -79

South Carolina 21290 19250 -96

Arkansas 22500 18930 -159

Georgia 29970 22940 -235

Delaware 18380 NA NA

Hawaii NA 28950 NA

Montana NA 20730 NA

North Dakota NA 20590 NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Nevada $34520 $34300

Ohio 29740 35910

Kentucky 25220 32170

Mississippi 21660 28630

Maine 26190 33480

Washington 33480 40860

Minnesota 32250 39840

Hawaii 28950 36750

Idaho 24840 32770

Alabama 23790 31940

West Virginia 21620 30470

Montana 20730 29880

Oregon 27800 36980

Florida 24210 33750

Vermont 25110 34650

North Dakota 20590 30620

Utah 23880 34110

New Jersey 32760 43040

Iowa 21530 31990

New Hampshire 26890 37450

Arkansas 18930 29560

Pennsylvania 25140 35970

Texas 24470 35310

Oklahoma 20260 31150

Wisconsin 24200 35240

Connecticut 33220 44400

Tennessee 21480 32730

Maryland 29510 41360

Nebraska 21160 33060

California 29820 41980

Kansas 21470 33780

Indiana 21420 33820

Michigan 27050 39590

South Carolina 19250 31940

North Carolina 21220 34120

Georgia 22940 35840

New York 30630 43590

New Mexico 19830 33000

Massachusetts 32100 45290

Missouri 20890 34460

Louisiana 17090 31230

Illinois 23990 38580

Rhode Island 23590 38240

Arizona 19950 34880

Virginia 22340 39130

Colorado 22770 39820

District of Columbia 24100 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 209

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Nevada $15400 $55590 2610

Massachusetts 17870 63330 2544

Illinois 13700 47070 2436

Idaho 13700 41370 2020

Florida 14030 39810 1837

Texas 13410 37080 1765

Alabama 13610 37490 1755

Oregon 15110 41030 1715

Georgia 12820 34540 1694

Pennsylvania 15470 39830 1575

Arizona 12190 31320 1569

West Virginia 12820 32830 1561

District of Columbia 13670 34720 1540

California 17450 43060 1468

Colorado 13800 33330 1415

Rhode Island 14970 34160 1282

New York 18610 42100 1262

Mississippi 14440 32650 1261

New Jersey 19330 43630 1257

Michigan 18830 42320 1247

Arkansas 12400 27800 1242

Kansas 14290 31900 1232

South Carolina 12740 28340 1224

Montana 12780 28280 1213

New Mexico 13210 29020 1197

North Carolina 13620 29720 1182

Virginia 15170 32960 1173

Louisiana 11900 25620 1153

Wisconsin 16110 34610 1148

Oklahoma 14010 30060 1146

Kentucky 18190 38630 1124

Missouri 14220 29510 1075

Indiana 14640 30110 1057

Ohio 19410 38380 977

Nebraska 14760 29120 973

Connecticut 22970 43690 902

Iowa 15700 28800 834

New Hampshire 19570 35690 824

Utah 17540 31530 798

Vermont 18770 33670 794

Minnesota 24060 42880 782

Tennessee 15800 28070 777

North Dakota 15690 27810 772

Hawaii 21980 38100 733

Maine 19850 34340 730

Washington 25730 42800 663

Maryland 23990 35760 491

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210 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 4706

Arkansas 4696

North Dakota 4194

Louisiana 4056

Oklahoma 3953

West Virginia 3898

Tennessee 3821

Nebraska 3700

Alabama 3559

South Carolina 3541

Minnesota 3511

Missouri 3213

Ohio 3131

Mississippi 3121

Pennsylvania 2961

Kentucky 2921

Texas 2785

Delaware 2717

Massachusetts 2699

Florida 2696

Virginia 2629

Georgia 2616

Vermont 2581

Indiana 2535

Montana 2499

Kansas 2495

South Dakota 2460

New York 2453

Iowa 2339

Wisconsin 2320

Idaho 2196

Connecticut 2151

New Jersey 2145

Rhode Island 2097

North Carolina 2091

Hawaii 1985

Michigan 1798

Maine 1768

New Mexico 1752

Washington 1722

Illinois 1677

Arizona 1622

California 1512

Colorado 1429

Maryland 1409

Wyoming 1322

Utah 1254

Nevada 1134

Oregon 832

Alaska 811

New Hampshire NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 1000

South Carolina 949

Connecticut 781

North Dakota 773

Pennsylvania 727

Nebraska 697

Michigan 696

Delaware 686

West Virginia 671

Massachusetts 670

New York 658

Louisiana 637

Indiana 630

Rhode Island 628

Illinois 625

Kentucky 624

Missouri 622

Maine 602

Iowa 600

Oklahoma 596

Minnesota 590

Ohio 587

South Dakota 577

Arkansas 576

Vermont 574

Montana 568

Washington 553

Alaska 550

Alabama 538

Georgia 535

Oregon 533

Maryland 527

Tennessee 525

Wisconsin 519

New Mexico 514

Kansas 513

Hawaii 500

North Carolina 500

Texas 500

Wyoming 500

Mississippi 495

Virginia 495

New Jersey 488

California 477

Colorado 450

Florida 449

Idaho 388

Nevada 375

Utah 375

Arizona 357

New Hampshire NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 392

Nevada 369

Idaho 340

Utah 316

Florida 268

Colorado 263

Kansas 242

Oregon 239

California 238

Alabama 232

New Jersey 228

Virginia 223

Mississippi 223

North Carolina 221

Texas 218

New Mexico 209

Wisconsin 203

Maryland 196

Tennessee 196

Washington 191

Georgia 189

Alaska 173

Hawaii 171

Montana 168

Vermont 165

Arkansas 160

South Dakota 160

Ohio 153

Minnesota 152

Wyoming 152

Oklahoma 146

Maine 144

Iowa 144

Missouri 133

Kentucky 131

Rhode Island 131

Illinois 131

Indiana 129

Louisiana 126

Massachusetts 126

New York 112

West Virginia 106

Delaware 100

Nebraska 96

Michigan 95

Pennsylvania 82

North Dakota 63

Connecticut 62

South Carolina 14

District of Columbia 00

New Hampshire NA

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 211

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

District of Columbia $34410 $48370 406

New Jersey 35960 46010 279

New Mexico 29870 38030 273

South Carolina 27540 34960 269

Maryland 35960 44110 227

Colorado 30610 37410 222

Hawaii 31050 37730 215

Montana 24160 29300 213

Pennsylvania 30680 37040 207

Arkansas 24340 29370 207

Arizona 30500 36780 206

Washington 32270 38700 199

Delaware 34940 41720 194

Oklahoma 25130 29980 193

New York 31010 36970 192

Iowa 26490 31480 188

New Hampshire 31460 37400 189

Louisiana 25540 30360 189

Nebraska 26900 31860 184

Alabama 24210 28680 185

Virginia 29100 34430 183

Massachusetts 38090 44910 179

West Virginia 24220 28420 173

North Dakota 25770 30220 173

Kentucky 27500 32210 171

Wyoming 26810 31390 171

Florida 30110 35250 171

North Carolina 29650 34710 171

Georgia 26440 30920 169

Connecticut 41130 47860 164

Maine 28490 33140 163

Oregon 33330 38730 162

Vermont 28820 33410 159

South Dakota 24880 28720 154

Mississippi 23830 27500 154

California 36410 41920 151

Minnesota 30120 34660 151

Wisconsin 31520 36210 149

Illinois 30530 34980 146

Utah 28650 32710 142

Ohio 31640 36040 139

Missouri 27140 30910 139

Idaho 28130 32020 138

Michigan 32500 36920 136

Alaska 35500 40150 131

Nevada 34450 38820 127

Indiana 30730 34440 121

Tennessee 27660 30940 119

Texas 30740 34260 115

Rhode Island 38660 42730 105

Kansas 28810 31710 101

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

New Mexico $38030 $33000

Nevada 38820 34300

Rhode Island 42730 38240

Connecticut 47860 44400

South Carolina 34960 31940

New Jersey 46010 43040

Maryland 44110 41360

Delaware 41720 39050

Arizona 36780 34880

Oregon 38730 36980

Florida 35250 33750

Pennsylvania 37040 35970

Hawaii 37730 36750

Wisconsin 36210 35240

Indiana 34440 33820

North Carolina 34710 34120

Ohio 36040 35910

Kentucky 32210 32170

California 41920 41980

New Hampshire 37400 37450

Arkansas 29370 29560

Maine 33140 33480

South Dakota 28720 29080

Massachusetts 44910 45290

North Dakota 30220 30620

Iowa 31480 31990

Montana 29300 29880

Idaho 32020 32770

Louisiana 30360 31230

Texas 34260 35310

Wyoming 31390 32510

Mississippi 27500 28630

Oklahoma 29980 31150

Nebraska 31860 33060

Vermont 33410 34650

Utah 32710 34110

Tennessee 30940 32730

Alaska 40150 42170

West Virginia 28420 30470

Kansas 31710 33780

Washington 38700 40860

Colorado 37410 39820

Michigan 36920 39590

Alabama 28680 31940

Missouri 30910 34460

Illinois 34980 38580

Virginia 34430 39130

Georgia 30920 35840

Minnesota 34660 39840

New York 36970 43590

District of Columbia 48370 57980

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212 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Pennsylvania $25040 $52640 1102

New York 26410 50540 914

Illinois 24690 45600 847

Idaho 23050 41960 820

Texas 24690 44890 818

Utah 24200 43710 806

Kentucky 23990 43110 797

District of Columbia 36730 65930 795

Virginia 24930 44690 793

Missouri 23060 41310 791

Arizona 25590 45760 788

South Carolina 24410 43600 786

Georgia 23280 41360 777

Mississippi 20080 35670 776

Tennessee 23160 41140 776

Wyoming 23240 41080 768

Delaware 31220 54850 757

Indiana 25600 44930 755

New Jersey 34490 60530 755

Colorado 27500 48060 748

West Virginia 20710 36150 746

Arkansas 21810 38040 744

New Mexico 28420 49540 743

California 31530 54910 742

Maine 24600 42740 737

Florida 26040 45130 733

Maryland 33050 56690 715

Massachusetts 33520 57440 714

Nevada 27670 47030 700

Oklahoma 22710 38560 698

Rhode Island 32480 54950 692

Kansas 24390 41200 689

Nebraska 24440 41230 687

North Carolina 26210 44150 684

Alabama 21510 36190 682

Alaska 31020 51800 670

Louisiana 23240 38730 667

Iowa 24370 40110 646

Minnesota 26720 43820 640

Ohio 27640 45320 640

Vermont 26400 42310 603

Connecticut 37270 59720 602

Michigan 28650 45640 593

New Hampshire 29210 46460 591

Oregon 30170 47730 582

Wisconsin 28910 45440 572

North Dakota 24150 36970 531

Washington 30560 46640 526

South Dakota 23250 35410 523

Montana 23500 35670 518

Hawaii 30170 45490 508

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 213

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

South Dakota 998

North Dakota 790

Wisconsin 706

Minnesota 603

Iowa 598

Montana 572

West Virginia 563

Nebraska 561

Pennsylvania 534

Maine 524

Washington 501

Oregon 497

Idaho 482

Vermont 480

Kentucky 453

Michigan 447

Kansas 446

Missouri 437

Oklahoma 433

New Hampshire 413

New Mexico 404

Arkansas 399

Delaware 372

Tennessee 361

North Carolina 356

Virginia 354

Indiana 351

Louisiana 346

Ohio 346

Georgia 345

Alaska 343

New Jersey 326

Alabama 324

Rhode Island 315

Illinois 314

Florida 306

District of Columbia 301

Colorado 296

Connecticut 289

Mississippi 277

Massachusetts 268

Utah 267

Arizona 264

Wyoming 260

South Carolina 246

California 232

New York 227

Texas 205

Maryland 195

Nevada 161

Hawaii NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Wyoming 800

District of Columbia 750

South Carolina 725

Nebraska 692

Pennsylvania 612

North Dakota 600

Rhode Island 600

Michigan 585

Louisiana 580

West Virginia 576

Oregon 560

Illinois 549

Massachusetts 548

Vermont 545

Iowa 538

California 536

New York 533

Ohio 533

Maryland 526

Connecticut 525

Oklahoma 517

Alaska 500

Delaware 500

Montana 500

Kentucky 493

Washington 479

Indiana 475

North Carolina 462

Colorado 457

New Jersey 455

Texas 444

Mississippi 441

Maine 433

Minnesota 427

Kansas 421

Tennessee 421

New Hampshire 417

Wisconsin 412

Nevada 400

Missouri 391

South Dakota 389

Alabama 385

Arkansas 385

Virginia 375

Georgia 373

New Mexico 367

Florida 352

Idaho 333

Arizona 314

Utah 250

Hawaii NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 412

Utah 371

Idaho 370

Kansas 364

Nevada 343

Florida 342

Colorado 331

Georgia 315

Virginia 311

Arkansas 300

South Dakota 286

Missouri 270

Alabama 269

North Carolina 267

Wisconsin 266

Tennessee 263

New Hampshire 262

Maine 254

New Mexico 253

Oregon 251

Minnesota 247

Washington 240

Mississippi 240

Alaska 227

Texas 225

Massachusetts 221

New Jersey 214

Delaware 200

Montana 196

Iowa 194

Oklahoma 192

Indiana 190

Kentucky 186

Connecticut 180

Vermont 176

Maryland 175

Ohio 162

California 160

New York 159

Wyoming 154

Illinois 153

West Virginia 141

Michigan 131

Louisiana 129

North Dakota 126

Rhode Island 116

Pennsylvania 116

South Carolina 109

Nebraska 86

District of Columbia 59

Hawaii NA

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214 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Massachusetts $28400 $36850 298

Kansas 21240 27560 298

Colorado 26560 34440 297

Tennessee 22740 28310 245

Delaware 24830 30270 219

Nebraska 21200 25810 217

Louisiana 21340 25920 215

Idaho 23300 28030 203

Michigan 24970 29990 201

California 30670 36580 193

Iowa 22510 26780 190

Connecticut 29290 34780 187

Virginia 23900 28210 180

Wisconsin 25060 29410 174

Missouri 24160 28220 168

Maine 24950 29100 166

New York 27380 31860 164

Illinois 24310 28160 158

Kentucky 23400 26900 150

Arkansas 21740 24920 146

Rhode Island 27390 31160 138

West Virginia 20820 23680 137

North Dakota 21570 24500 136

Mississippi 21380 24180 131

New Jersey 30390 34370 131

Alaska 34090 38380 126

Georgia 24390 27300 119

Texas 25040 27940 116

District of Columbia 28910 32240 115

South Dakota 22580 25180 115

New Hampshire 27080 30180 114

Florida 24960 27780 113

Utah 24710 27350 107

Minnesota 27800 30560 99

Montana 23150 25400 97

Pennsylvania 24560 26860 94

Alabama 23290 25380 90

Vermont 25650 27890 87

Oregon 27510 29820 84

Washington 29950 32430 83

Arizona 27770 30050 82

Indiana 24920 26890 79

North Carolina 26300 28330 77

Ohio 25520 27410 74

Wyoming 22620 24210 70

South Carolina 26170 27850 64

New Mexico 24440 25890 59

Oklahoma 23370 23650 12

Maryland 33950 33960 00

Nevada 33400 32900 -15

Hawaii 33050 32050 -30

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Nevada $32900 $34300

Alaska 38380 42170

South Dakota 25180 29080

South Carolina 27850 31940

Maine 29100 33480

Tennessee 28310 32730

Mississippi 24180 28630

Montana 25400 29880

Arkansas 24920 29560

Hawaii 32050 36750

Idaho 28030 32770

Arizona 30050 34880

Iowa 26780 31990

Kentucky 26900 32170

Louisiana 25920 31230

Colorado 34440 39820

California 36580 41980

North Carolina 28330 34120

Wisconsin 29410 35240

Florida 27780 33750

North Dakota 24500 30620

Kansas 27560 33780

Missouri 28220 34460

Alabama 25380 31940

Utah 27350 34110

Vermont 27890 34650

West Virginia 23680 30470

Indiana 26890 33820

Rhode Island 31160 38240

New Mexico 25890 33000

Oregon 29820 36980

Nebraska 25810 33060

New Hampshire 30180 37450

Texas 27940 35310

Maryland 33960 41360

Oklahoma 23650 31150

Wyoming 24210 32510

Washington 32430 40860

Massachusetts 36850 45290

Ohio 27410 35910

Georgia 27300 35840

New Jersey 34370 43040

Delaware 30270 39050

Pennsylvania 26860 35970

Minnesota 30560 39840

Michigan 29990 39590

Connecticut 34780 44400

Illinois 28160 38580

Virginia 28210 39130

New York 31860 43590

District of Columbia 32240 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 215

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Oklahoma $14400 $33230 1308

Virginia 19060 42690 1240

Utah 16940 37850 1234

Colorado 24040 50010 1080

Maine 19940 41110 1062

South Carolina 17590 36120 1053

Texas 19220 38680 1012

Illinois 19520 38440 969

Tennessee 19810 38680 953

Massachusetts 25490 49680 949

Hawaii 22830 44030 929

California 24630 47280 920

New Jersey 23760 45410 911

Maryland 23650 44970 901

New York 22640 42980 898

Oregon 21050 39870 894

Missouri 19640 36990 883

Kansas 19640 36580 863

Florida 19320 35840 855

Georgia 19990 36360 819

Louisiana 18740 33990 814

District of Columbia 23910 43300 811

West Virginia 16900 30380 798

Kentucky 19300 34650 795

North Dakota 18290 32700 788

Washington 23830 42520 784

Montana 19000 33840 781

Mississippi 17880 31470 760

Iowa 19900 34780 748

New Mexico 19550 34080 743

Pennsylvania 20040 34820 738

Connecticut 25540 44190 730

New Hampshire 22730 39300 729

North Carolina 20940 36190 728

Nebraska 19550 33750 726

Indiana 20150 34420 708

South Dakota 19420 33000 699

Vermont 20490 34650 691

Michigan 22220 37530 689

Ohio 20780 34940 681

Arizona 22020 36760 669

Idaho 21630 35480 640

Wyoming 18270 29580 619

Rhode Island 24200 39100 616

Arkansas 18730 30170 611

Alabama 19620 31540 608

Delaware 24070 38250 589

Minnesota 23630 37540 589

Nevada 26060 41400 589

Wisconsin 23330 36090 547

Alaska 30960 45600 473

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Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Pennsylvania 492

Ohio 159

North Dakota 140

Massachusetts 131

New Jersey 117

Wisconsin 112

Oklahoma 97

Connecticut 90

New Hampshire 81

New York 80

Nevada 78

Missouri 76

South Carolina 76

Minnesota 72

Maine 72

Washington 69

North Carolina 67

Indiana 67

Virginia 63

Utah 60

Alabama 58

Colorado 58

Florida 58

Louisiana 56

Arkansas 55

Texas 55

Illinois 54

New Mexico 54

Montana 54

Nebraska 53

Maryland 52

Michigan 50

Hawaii 49

Tennessee 45

Oregon 43

District of Columbia 43

Mississippi 41

Arizona 39

California 37

West Virginia 37

Kansas 37

Idaho 35

Georgia 32

Delaware 25

Alaska NA

Iowa NA

Kentucky NA

Rhode Island NA

South Dakota NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Oregon 600

South Carolina 600

Montana 500

New Jersey 500

Tennessee 500

West Virginia 500

Massachusetts 481

Colorado 476

Indiana 450

Oklahoma 450

Kansas 429

Connecticut 400

Pennsylvania 353

Alabama 333

Idaho 333

New York 333

North Carolina 333

Wisconsin 333

Illinois 310

Michigan 261

Maine 250

Minnesota 250

Mississippi 250

Nebraska 250

North Dakota 250

Ohio 240

California 222

Arizona 214

Maryland 214

Texas 214

New Hampshire 200

Arkansas 182

Virginia 182

Florida 160

Missouri 150

Louisiana 100

Nevada 100

Washington 100

Georgia 00

Utah 00

Alaska NA

Delaware NA

District of Columbia NA

Hawaii NA

Iowa NA

Kentucky NA

New Mexico NA

Rhode Island NA

South Dakota NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Virginia 599

Arkansas 593

Utah 571

Arizona 548

California 538

Nevada 529

Delaware 500

Mississippi 487

North Carolina 464

Texas 458

Florida 438

Idaho 426

Alabama 423

Colorado 423

Georgia 407

Ohio 403

Kansas 400

Louisiana 400

Missouri 395

New Hampshire 379

Wisconsin 377

Maryland 368

Michigan 340

Hawaii 333

Minnesota 326

Oklahoma 324

Massachusetts 321

Maine 301

New Mexico 300

Illinois 296

North Dakota 292

Pennsylvania 287

Nebraska 283

Tennessee 269

Indiana 268

New York 240

Montana 224

West Virginia 224

Washington 214

Oregon 200

Connecticut 194

South Carolina 129

District of Columbia 00

New Jersey 00

Alaska NA

Iowa NA

Kentucky NA

Rhode Island NA

South Dakota NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 217

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

North Carolina $27950 $40480 448

Nebraska 23580 33010 400

Utah 30210 39840 319

Michigan 29970 39480 317

Maryland 31590 40660 287

Maine 28540 36710 286

Washington 31740 38910 226

Texas 34660 42100 215

California 38300 45730 194

Pennsylvania 32250 38010 179

Rhode Island 33990 40010 177

New Hampshire 32310 37890 173

New Mexico 29680 34620 166

Nevada 28270 32880 163

Kentucky 35140 40480 152

Kansas 33020 37950 149

West Virginia 35400 40530 145

Hawaii 31780 36090 136

Colorado 31760 36030 134

Oregon 34290 38880 134

Alabama 34910 39240 124

Mississippi 32430 36330 120

Virginia 35580 39710 116

Florida 38650 43120 116

Arkansas 31420 34940 112

New York 33010 36660 111

Oklahoma 34050 37790 110

Connecticut 38290 42170 101

South Carolina 35610 38820 90

Vermont 30770 33340 84

Montana 28670 30840 76

District of Columbia 33630 35720 62

Massachusetts 35840 38070 62

Ohio 37210 39530 62

Indiana 36480 38720 61

Wisconsin 32700 34650 60

Iowa 31550 33210 53

New Jersey 37640 39560 51

Arizona 34350 35820 43

Minnesota 33400 33940 16

North Dakota 29080 28920 -06

Missouri 37190 35740 -39

Wyoming 29840 28500 -45

Louisiana 40500 37930 -63

Georgia 36000 33380 -73

Tennessee 47540 43700 -81

Illinois 35070 31800 -93

Delaware 41470 NA NA

Idaho NA 41380 NA

South Dakota NA 27520 NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Tennessee $43700 $32730

West Virginia 40530 30470

Florida 43120 33750

Idaho 41380 32770

Kentucky 40480 32170

Mississippi 36330 28630

Alabama 39240 31940

South Carolina 38820 31940

Texas 42100 35310

Louisiana 37930 31230

Oklahoma 37790 31150

North Carolina 40480 34120

Utah 39840 34110

Arkansas 34940 29560

Indiana 38720 33820

Kansas 37950 33780

California 45730 41980

Ohio 39530 35910

Maine 36710 33480

Pennsylvania 38010 35970

Oregon 38880 36980

Rhode Island 40010 38240

New Mexico 34620 33000

Missouri 35740 34460

Iowa 33210 31990

Montana 30840 29880

Arizona 35820 34880

Virginia 39710 39130

New Hampshire 37890 37450

Nebraska 33010 33060

Michigan 39480 39590

Wisconsin 34650 35240

Hawaii 36090 36750

Maryland 40660 41360

Vermont 33340 34650

Nevada 32880 34300

South Dakota 27520 29080

North Dakota 28920 30620

Washington 38910 40860

Connecticut 42170 44400

Georgia 33380 35840

New Jersey 39560 43040

Colorado 36030 39820

Wyoming 28500 32510

Minnesota 33940 39840

Illinois 31800 38580

New York 36660 43590

Massachusetts 38070 45290

District of Columbia 35720 57980

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218 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Arizona $15840 $54180 2420

New Mexico 19650 61770 2144

California 22330 67660 2030

Arkansas 17920 53790 2002

Oklahoma 19050 56710 1977

Illinois 15950 47280 1964

Georgia 17300 50150 1899

Montana 16560 41520 1507

Texas 24540 58210 1372

North Carolina 24320 55500 1282

Wyoming 18660 41980 1250

Idaho 27350 59390 1171

Nevada 21330 45470 1132

Indiana 24790 52830 1131

New York 24650 51460 1088

Missouri 23470 47480 1023

Louisiana 23890 48210 1018

Pennsylvania 26260 51660 967

Maryland 29020 56640 952

Iowa 22960 44670 946

Tennessee 30240 58830 945

Connecticut 28100 54450 938

Virginia 28780 54970 910

Mississippi 24270 46080 899

Nebraska 23390 43990 881

Michigan 28880 53830 864

New Jersey 28670 52700 838

Massachusetts 27410 50230 833

Kentucky 29970 53770 794

Kansas 27880 49960 792

District of Columbia 26750 47890 790

West Virginia 30420 54060 777

New Hampshire 27760 48680 754

Ohio 30010 51870 728

Minnesota 25380 43500 714

Maine 28150 48040 707

Alabama 30280 51630 705

Florida 32660 54990 684

South Dakota 20640 34740 683

Utah 30490 50930 670

Colorado 26870 44620 661

Vermont 26150 42700 633

South Carolina 29210 47270 618

Wisconsin 27210 43730 607

North Dakota 23300 35570 527

Washington 30720 46420 511

Rhode Island 32030 47950 497

Hawaii 29780 43500 461

Oregon 31460 45510 447

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Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Illinois 342

Delaware 323

Wisconsin 316

Massachusetts 293

South Carolina 278

Connecticut 278

Tennessee 264

Ohio 262

Kentucky 254

Arizona 243

California 234

New Jersey 233

Nebraska 233

Pennsylvania 224

Iowa 223

South Dakota 218

Washington 218

Indiana 211

Kansas 210

Oklahoma 209

Louisiana 203

West Virginia 202

Texas 200

New Mexico 199

Michigan 182

Georgia 182

New York 177

New Hampshire 173

Hawaii 162

Alabama 154

Colorado 153

Florida 153

Arkansas 150

North Dakota 150

Maryland 147

District of Columbia 147

Virginia 145

Missouri 144

Utah 142

Mississippi 137

Minnesota 133

Nevada 129

Vermont 125

Wyoming 120

North Carolina 113

Idaho 109

Montana 80

Alaska 78

Maine 63

Rhode Island 25

Oregon NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 1000

West Virginia 875

Massachusetts 704

Louisiana 700

Indiana 675

Arkansas 667

Maine 667

Missouri 667

New York 667

Illinois 635

Connecticut 633

Rhode Island 625

Michigan 618

Alabama 600

Maryland 600

Pennsylvania 588

Virginia 588

Kansas 577

Ohio 573

Tennessee 545

South Carolina 525

Minnesota 522

Washington 520

Florida 511

Georgia 500

Idaho 500

Iowa 500

Montana 500

Nebraska 500

New Jersey 500

North Carolina 500

North Dakota 500

Oklahoma 500

South Dakota 500

Texas 500

Utah 500

Wisconsin 500

Kentucky 475

Mississippi 467

California 455

Colorado 455

New Hampshire 444

Delaware 385

Nevada 350

Arizona 348

Vermont 333

Hawaii 00

Alaska NA

New Mexico NA

Oregon NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Nevada 464

Colorado 420

Alaska 400

Arizona 336

Utah 333

Delaware 308

New Hampshire 244

Vermont 234

Idaho 226

California 220

Mississippi 214

North Carolina 213

Kentucky 206

New Jersey 200

Kansas 193

North Dakota 189

Washington 189

New Mexico 189

Texas 184

Nebraska 174

Alabama 174

Florida 173

Tennessee 170

South Carolina 167

Wisconsin 163

Georgia 161

South Dakota 157

Minnesota 155

Iowa 153

Montana 151

Ohio 137

Oklahoma 137

Virginia 132

Maryland 131

Pennsylvania 127

Missouri 122

Michigan 120

Arkansas 118

Connecticut 115

Rhode Island 111

Louisiana 110

Illinois 107

Massachusetts 106

Hawaii 100

Indiana 100

Maine 98

New York 86

West Virginia 41

Wyoming 00

District of Columbia 00

Oregon NA

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2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Texas $16070 $21980 368

Idaho 17800 24320 366

Wyoming 17630 23200 316

Vermont 15210 19750 298

Illinois 19400 24300 253

District of Columbia 22660 28250 247

New Mexico 19550 23990 227

Arizona 19270 23430 216

Colorado 21260 25560 202

Utah 19110 22640 185

South Dakota 16350 19210 175

Missouri 18370 21470 169

Michigan 17080 19590 147

Connecticut 18520 21110 140

New Hampshire 16300 18530 137

Indiana 16610 18790 131

New Jersey 16820 18990 129

Montana 18680 20980 123

Maryland 17530 19600 118

Pennsylvania 15230 16970 114

Rhode Island 18220 20180 108

Kentucky 16650 18430 107

Georgia 16100 17800 106

Minnesota 19110 21130 106

Ohio 17080 18840 103

Maine 16440 18000 95

Louisiana 16070 17580 94

Arkansas 15560 16970 91

New York 19380 20870 77

Wisconsin 19540 20940 72

Nebraska 19290 20650 71

Nevada 22660 24120 64

Mississippi 16630 17690 64

Tennessee 18380 19530 63

Kansas 17150 18140 58

Oklahoma 16070 16770 44

Massachusetts 19500 20180 35

Alabama 14970 15400 29

Washington 21590 21990 19

Hawaii 19450 19700 13

Delaware 19050 19120 04

West Virginia 15100 14940 -11

Iowa 18280 18050 -13

Virginia 18370 17860 -28

California 23940 23050 -37

Florida 18600 17550 -56

North Dakota 18380 16730 -90

North Carolina 19550 17480 -106

South Carolina 17900 15740 -121

Alaska 23480 NA NA

Oregon 23820 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Idaho $24320 $32770

Montana 20980 29880

New Mexico 23990 33000

Wyoming 23200 32510

South Dakota 19210 29080

Nevada 24120 34300

Mississippi 17690 28630

Arizona 23430 34880

Utah 22640 34110

Nebraska 20650 33060

Arkansas 16970 29560

Missouri 21470 34460

Tennessee 19530 32730

Texas 21980 35310

Louisiana 17580 31230

Kentucky 18430 32170

North Dakota 16730 30620

Iowa 18050 31990

Colorado 25560 39820

Illinois 24300 38580

Wisconsin 20940 35240

Oklahoma 16770 31150

Vermont 19750 34650

Indiana 18790 33820

Maine 18000 33480

West Virginia 14940 30470

Kansas 18140 33780

South Carolina 15740 31940

Florida 17550 33750

Alabama 15400 31940

North Carolina 17480 34120

Hawaii 19700 36750

Ohio 18840 35910

Georgia 17800 35840

Rhode Island 20180 38240

Minnesota 21130 39840

Washington 21990 40860

California 23050 41980

New Hampshire 18530 37450

Pennsylvania 16970 35970

Delaware 19120 39050

Michigan 19590 39590

Virginia 17860 39130

Maryland 19600 41360

New York 20870 43590

Connecticut 21110 44400

New Jersey 18990 43040

Massachusetts 20180 45290

District of Columbia 28250 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 221

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

District of Columbia $13710 $46780 2412

New Mexico 13350 40290 2018

New York 12650 33250 1628

Missouri 12930 33560 1596

Iowa 11860 28020 1363

Maryland 13420 31160 1322

New Jersey 12280 28210 1297

Wisconsin 13350 29390 1201

Texas 14430 31680 1195

Pennsylvania 11870 25750 1169

Illinois 15440 33490 1169

Wyoming 15450 32840 1126

Utah 15660 33140 1116

Michigan 14030 28440 1027

Arizona 15380 30940 1012

Delaware 13800 27620 1001

Florida 12400 24580 982

Rhode Island 14980 29630 978

Tennessee 14050 27660 969

Ohio 13260 26060 965

California 16420 31940 945

Hawaii 13990 26960 927

Oklahoma 12070 23140 917

Connecticut 15680 29330 871

West Virginia 11440 21390 870

Alabama 11570 21460 855

Massachusetts 14970 27600 844

Colorado 18600 34190 838

Nevada 18150 33240 831

Nebraska 15050 27380 819

North Carolina 12720 23110 817

Montana 15510 27940 801

Minnesota 15450 27790 799

Idaho 18370 32940 793

Mississippi 13300 23660 779

Maine 14160 24840 754

South Carolina 12000 20930 744

Kansas 14370 24610 713

Arkansas 13410 22260 660

Washington 16890 27980 657

Indiana 14700 23820 620

Georgia 14280 22880 602

Vermont 15610 24950 598

Virginia 14200 22450 581

Kentucky 14550 22960 578

New Hampshire 14820 23070 557

Louisiana 14190 21990 550

North Dakota 14220 21000 477

South Dakota 15580 22700 457

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Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

North Dakota 303

Arizona 274

Rhode Island 222

Kansas 199

Oklahoma 198

West Virginia 191

Nevada 189

Connecticut 173

New Mexico 172

New Jersey 163

South Dakota 163

Washington 162

Nebraska 155

Maryland 153

Iowa 152

Wisconsin 151

Idaho 150

Delaware 149

Hawaii 146

Texas 143

Arkansas 142

Kentucky 140

Pennsylvania 138

Indiana 135

New York 135

Virginia 126

Louisiana 123

California 120

Colorado 116

Massachusetts 115

Missouri 114

Michigan 109

Illinois 108

Maine 104

Alabama 98

Montana 97

Mississippi 97

Tennessee 95

Ohio 95

Oregon 94

North Carolina 89

Florida 89

Georgia 88

Minnesota 85

New Hampshire 76

District of Columbia 62

Alaska 55

Utah 30

South Carolina NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 1000

Rhode Island 800

Oregon 550

Washington 500

Colorado 458

Nebraska 455

Massachusetts 440

New Hampshire 400

Pennsylvania 380

Indiana 375

North Dakota 375

Illinois 371

Connecticut 367

Michigan 353

Minnesota 350

Kansas 348

Georgia 340

Missouri 333

Montana 333

Tennessee 333

Ohio 316

West Virginia 316

Louisiana 300

Maine 286

New York 286

South Dakota 286

Maryland 280

Kentucky 278

Mississippi 278

Nevada 267

Oklahoma 267

Alabama 250

Delaware 250

Iowa 250

Texas 244

Arkansas 222

Florida 222

New Jersey 222

Virginia 217

California 212

Arizona 207

New Mexico 200

North Carolina 200

Wisconsin 200

Idaho 176

Utah 00

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

South Carolina NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Idaho 668

Arizona 647

California 619

Virginia 590

Utah 571

Kansas 556

Nevada 537

Arkansas 522

Colorado 500

Delaware 500

New Jersey 500

New Mexico 500

Texas 500

Alaska 486

Florida 473

Mississippi 473

Wisconsin 463

Kentucky 449

North Carolina 446

Hawaii 444

Georgia 440

Maryland 428

Montana 420

Tennessee 418

Maine 400

South Dakota 387

New York 384

Louisiana 382

Massachusetts 378

West Virginia 377

Alabama 364

Ohio 361

Iowa 337

New Hampshire 330

Oklahoma 319

Connecticut 317

Missouri 308

Michigan 303

Indiana 301

Minnesota 296

Pennsylvania 288

Illinois 287

North Dakota 271

Oregon 242

Nebraska 231

Washington 204

District of Columbia 57

Rhode Island 51

South Carolina NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 223

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Delaware $19290 $28020 453

Montana 17050 23710 391

Texas 18550 25800 391

Virginia 17810 22100 241

Illinois 21240 26020 225

Nevada 18900 22930 213

Minnesota 21760 26030 196

Colorado 20640 24420 183

West Virginia 17770 20760 168

Wisconsin 20180 23560 167

California 22500 26280 168

Arkansas 16140 18530 148

Nebraska 16900 19340 144

Oklahoma 17470 19950 142

Idaho 16800 19160 140

Wyoming 17070 19420 138

Maine 20210 22990 138

New Hampshire 22560 25520 131

Oregon 20220 22780 127

Vermont 21170 23700 120

Georgia 18050 20200 119

New Jersey 20460 22810 115

Washington 20860 23170 111

Michigan 22860 25310 107

Alabama 17210 18980 103

Louisiana 16300 17910 99

Kentucky 19620 21530 97

Arizona 19320 21080 91

Iowa 20070 21820 87

South Dakota 17910 19450 86

Connecticut 24230 26260 84

North Dakota 19350 20850 78

Utah 17860 19170 73

Pennsylvania 21090 22580 71

New York 23820 25470 69

Kansas 19290 20580 67

North Carolina 21150 22380 58

Maryland 20610 21460 41

Tennessee 19040 19750 37

Massachusetts 25510 26000 19

Mississippi 19120 19430 16

Missouri 20990 21100 05

New Mexico 21650 21740 04

Ohio 22720 22750 01

Florida 21280 20880 -19

Hawaii 25550 25070 -19

Indiana 24630 22150 -101

South Carolina 27140 20100 -259

Rhode Island 32620 21430 -343

Alaska 25310 NA NA

District of Columbia 22240 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Montana $23710 $29880

Mississippi 19430 28630

Texas 25800 35310

South Dakota 19450 29080

West Virginia 20760 30470

North Dakota 20850 30620

Iowa 21820 31990

Maine 22990 33480

Kentucky 21530 32170

Vermont 23700 34650

Delaware 28020 39050

Arkansas 18530 29560

Oklahoma 19950 31150

New Mexico 21740 33000

Nevada 22930 34300

Indiana 22150 33820

Wisconsin 23560 35240

Hawaii 25070 36750

North Carolina 22380 34120

South Carolina 20100 31940

New Hampshire 25520 37450

Illinois 26020 38580

Florida 20880 33750

Alabama 18980 31940

Tennessee 19750 32730

Wyoming 19420 32510

Ohio 22750 35910

Kansas 20580 33780

Louisiana 17910 31230

Missouri 21100 34460

Pennsylvania 22580 35970

Idaho 19160 32770

Nebraska 19340 33060

Minnesota 26030 39840

Arizona 21080 34880

Oregon 22780 36980

Michigan 25310 39590

Utah 19170 34110

Colorado 24420 39820

Georgia 20200 35840

California 26280 41980

Rhode Island 21430 38240

Virginia 22100 39130

Washington 23170 40860

Connecticut 26260 44400

New York 25470 43590

Massachusetts 26000 45290

Maryland 21460 41360

New Jersey 22810 43040

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224 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Texas $14530 $57490 2957

Illinois 15730 39350 1502

California 17030 41810 1455

Delaware 18890 41990 1223

Colorado 15300 33920 1217

Montana 15600 33410 1142

New Hampshire 16150 34540 1139

Arizona 13680 28350 1072

Mississippi 14420 29470 1044

Idaho 12990 26480 1038

Georgia 13650 27630 1024

Hawaii 17400 34670 993

Oklahoma 14730 29260 986

Kentucky 14250 28140 975

West Virginia 14780 29090 968

Nevada 16450 32150 954

New York 17770 34610 948

Maryland 15290 29690 942

Massachusetts 18790 36080 920

Missouri 15140 28980 914

Pennsylvania 15870 30160 900

Minnesota 18740 35490 894

Ohio 16090 29720 847

Wyoming 14290 26390 847

Michigan 18460 34010 842

Nebraska 14060 25840 838

New Mexico 15950 28930 814

Alabama 14380 26050 812

North Carolina 15780 28580 811

Maine 17850 32250 807

Connecticut 19240 34540 795

Louisiana 13340 23890 791

Rhode Island 15420 27590 789

New Jersey 16670 29820 789

Indiana 15910 28440 788

Florida 15380 27310 776

Kansas 15220 26860 765

Vermont 17450 30720 760

South Carolina 15190 26560 749

Washington 17090 29640 734

Virginia 16410 28380 729

Tennessee 14660 24970 703

Iowa 16390 27800 696

North Dakota 15870 26680 681

South Dakota 14940 25010 674

Wisconsin 17640 29170 654

Oregon 17540 28480 624

Utah 15120 24470 618

Arkansas 14420 22600 567

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 225

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 640

Idaho 635

Arkansas 610

Wyoming 600

Utah 583

Virginia 561

Nevada 544

California 538

New Mexico 526

Kansas 519

Maine 514

Mississippi 503

Colorado 500

Montana 485

Texas 485

North Carolina 477

Georgia 464

Florida 463

New Hampshire 453

Tennessee 435

Wisconsin 427

Maryland 419

West Virginia 406

Alaska 400

Louisiana 400

New Jersey 400

Kentucky 397

South Dakota 390

Delaware 389

Ohio 381

Vermont 381

Missouri 377

Hawaii 375

Minnesota 374

Iowa 371

Massachusetts 366

Alabama 360

Rhode Island 355

New York 346

Michigan 333

Illinois 333

Indiana 315

Nebraska 306

North Dakota 306

Pennsylvania 289

Oklahoma 275

Oregon 265

Connecticut 255

Washington 217

South Carolina 214

District of Columbia 143

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Tennessee 318

Ohio 313

South Dakota 263

Massachusetts 256

Arizona 252

South Carolina 251

West Virginia 244

Maine 244

Wisconsin 241

New Hampshire 241

Oklahoma 229

Missouri 229

Delaware 223

Kentucky 213

Iowa 211

Rhode Island 203

Alabama 199

Michigan 194

Pennsylvania 194

Illinois 193

Florida 193

Kansas 192

New York 184

Arkansas 184

North Carolina 182

Indiana 180

Washington 175

Virginia 169

Minnesota 168

Connecticut 159

Mississippi 157

Texas 152

Nevada 152

Colorado 151

Nebraska 148

Montana 147

Georgia 146

Oregon 139

Hawaii 130

Idaho 124

District of Columbia 124

Louisiana 123

New Jersey 117

North Dakota 114

California 111

Utah 103

New Mexico 102

Vermont 102

Wyoming 100

Maryland 96

Alaska 78

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Oregon 567

District of Columbia 500

Colorado 460

Oklahoma 450

South Carolina 450

Massachusetts 444

Washington 425

Pennsylvania 367

Kansas 357

Michigan 337

Illinois 336

Alabama 333

Nebraska 333

New Jersey 333

New York 333

North Dakota 333

Vermont 333

Ohio 306

Minnesota 304

Connecticut 300

Indiana 300

Kentucky 300

Missouri 300

North Carolina 300

Iowa 286

West Virginia 280

Georgia 275

Delaware 273

Rhode Island 273

South Dakota 273

Tennessee 273

Louisiana 267

New Hampshire 263

Nevada 261

Maryland 258

Mississippi 258

Texas 256

Florida 255

California 250

Wisconsin 250

Maine 238

Virginia 236

Idaho 231

Montana 222

Arizona 209

Arkansas 205

Utah 00

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

New Mexico NA

Wyoming NA

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2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Louisiana $24770 $39540 596

Nebraska 26150 36640 401

Maryland 29800 41560 395

Idaho 27170 37190 369

Nevada 34190 42870 254

Kentucky 30330 37960 252

Vermont 28150 34910 240

Oklahoma 31650 39050 234

Iowa 26850 32860 224

West Virginia 27580 33300 207

Delaware 31880 38360 203

Indiana 33940 40490 193

Kansas 30670 36530 191

Illinois 32060 38150 190

Washington 32710 38580 179

Tennessee 33130 38770 170

Utah 29860 34920 169

Arizona 28400 32690 151

New Jersey 34950 40200 150

Massachusetts 35220 40490 150

Wisconsin 31850 36330 141

Arkansas 32590 37170 141

New Hampshire 34390 38910 131

Colorado 29930 33860 131

Pennsylvania 30340 34280 130

Rhode Island 34670 39030 126

South Dakota 23810 26760 124

Maine 33290 37220 118

Oregon 34920 38890 114

District of Columbia 32960 36690 113

Alaska 30770 33950 103

Alabama 35870 39300 96

Wyoming 30320 33010 89

Connecticut 33640 36520 86

Michigan 32120 34780 83

Texas 38300 41390 81

Mississippi 30410 32820 79

Florida 37410 39940 68

Virginia 36550 38910 65

North Carolina 37140 39480 63

California 40860 42960 51

Montana 29400 30810 48

North Dakota 24940 26090 46

New York 35800 37160 38

South Carolina 37330 38530 32

Ohio 37450 38290 22

Missouri 35000 35600 17

New Mexico 31540 32060 16

Minnesota 33620 33570 -01

Hawaii 33370 33030 -10

Georgia 38780 37740 -27

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Nevada $42870 $34300

Louisiana 39540 31230

Oklahoma 39050 31150

Arkansas 37170 29560

Alabama 39300 31940

Indiana 40490 33820

South Carolina 38530 31940

Florida 39940 33750

Texas 41390 35310

Tennessee 38770 32730

Kentucky 37960 32170

North Carolina 39480 34120

Idaho 37190 32770

Mississippi 32820 28630

Maine 37220 33480

Nebraska 36640 33060

West Virginia 33300 30470

Kansas 36530 33780

Ohio 38290 35910

Georgia 37740 35840

Oregon 38890 36980

New Hampshire 38910 37450

Missouri 35600 34460

Wisconsin 36330 35240

California 42960 41980

Montana 30810 29880

Iowa 32860 31990

Utah 34920 34110

Rhode Island 39030 38240

Wyoming 33010 32510

Vermont 34910 34650

Maryland 41560 41360

Virginia 38910 39130

Illinois 38150 38580

Delaware 38360 39050

New Mexico 32060 33000

Pennsylvania 34280 35970

Arizona 32690 34880

Washington 38580 40860

South Dakota 26760 29080

New Jersey 40200 43040

Hawaii 33030 36750

North Dakota 26090 30620

Massachusetts 40490 45290

Michigan 34780 39590

Colorado 33860 39820

Minnesota 33570 39840

New York 37160 43590

Connecticut 36520 44400

Alaska 33950 42170

District of Columbia 36690 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 227

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Mississippi $16630 $51450 2094

Louisiana 19800 55770 1817

Idaho 19550 54270 1776

California 21760 60020 1758

New Mexico 16950 45330 1674

West Virginia 17290 46080 1665

Texas 22580 57590 1550

Maryland 23050 57450 1492

Oklahoma 24020 59040 1458

Wyoming 18510 44120 1384

Virginia 22700 53530 1358

Connecticut 21780 51200 1351

Arizona 19460 45250 1325

Delaware 23130 53740 1323

Georgia 22790 52790 1316

North Dakota 15580 35650 1288

New York 23570 53390 1265

Illinois 24630 54250 1203

Nebraska 22770 50080 1199

Nevada 26080 56250 1157

Arkansas 24520 51590 1104

Kentucky 24910 51860 1082

Iowa 21240 44140 1078

Montana 19990 41340 1068

Florida 26170 53600 1048

South Carolina 25750 51980 1019

Michigan 22210 44510 1004

Missouri 23460 46690 990

Tennessee 26510 52730 989

New Jersey 26970 53390 980

Pennsylvania 23090 44850 942

Hawaii 22900 43610 904

Alabama 28970 52030 796

Alaska 24640 43880 781

Colorado 24510 43620 780

North Carolina 29210 51780 773

Minnesota 24640 43400 761

Kansas 26210 46130 760

Massachusetts 30240 53160 758

Utah 25250 44260 753

Indiana 30280 52440 732

Ohio 29280 50000 708

South Dakota 20720 34130 647

Washington 29710 48650 637

Wisconsin 27220 44550 637

District of Columbia 28800 46660 620

Vermont 27400 43480 587

New Hampshire 29840 47300 585

Oregon 29420 45500 547

Maine 29360 45360 545

Rhode Island 30150 45930 523

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Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

North Dakota 295

Connecticut 254

District of Columbia 253

Massachusetts 184

Nebraska 167

Minnesota 161

Mississippi 149

Kansas 147

Pennsylvania 147

Iowa 143

Maine 143

New York 138

Delaware 136

New Hampshire 135

Wisconsin 134

Montana 128

Utah 125

Illinois 120

Missouri 120

Louisiana 118

Oklahoma 109

Ohio 109

Vermont 104

Indiana 97

New Jersey 93

South Dakota 82

Maryland 79

West Virginia 78

Georgia 77

New Mexico 75

Idaho 75

Michigan 75

Arizona 72

Colorado 69

North Carolina 63

Arkansas 50

Kentucky 48

Oregon 48

Virginia 46

Alaska 44

Washington 43

Florida 41

Alabama 40

Tennessee 40

Texas 35

California 31

Hawaii NA

Nevada NA

Rhode Island NA

South Carolina NA

Wyoming NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Louisiana 1000

District of Columbia 1000

Michigan 1000

New Jersey 1000

North Dakota 1000

South Dakota 1000

Tennessee 1000

Massachusetts 968

Minnesota 950

Missouri 950

Ohio 938

Indiana 900

Virginia 889

Connecticut 867

New York 857

Georgia 850

Pennsylvania 833

Oklahoma 800

Maryland 786

Illinois 783

Nebraska 778

Kansas 769

California 750

Delaware 750

Texas 750

West Virginia 750

Kentucky 714

Oregon 700

Maine 667

Mississippi 667

New Hampshire 667

Vermont 667

Wisconsin 667

Florida 650

Arkansas 600

Montana 600

Washington 600

Alabama 500

North Carolina 500

Utah 500

Colorado 438

Arizona 409

Idaho 400

Iowa 00

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

Nevada NA

New Mexico NA

Rhode Island NA

South Carolina NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 312

Colorado 290

Utah 276

Idaho 218

New Mexico 214

Oregon 176

Alabama 167

Montana 162

Washington 154

Alaska 143

Arkansas 125

New Hampshire 116

Mississippi 110

Florida 101

North Carolina 96

Wisconsin 96

Maine 92

California 91

Oklahoma 79

Vermont 78

Kentucky 76

Kansas 75

Maryland 70

Illinois 67

Texas 67

South Dakota 65

Nebraska 56

Pennsylvania 50

Iowa 48

Connecticut 45

Georgia 45

Tennessee 43

New York 38

Indiana 33

Virginia 21

Ohio 16

Missouri 15

West Virginia 14

Massachusetts 08

Minnesota 05

Delaware 00

New Jersey 00

District of Columbia 00

Michigan 00

North Dakota 00

Louisiana 00

Hawaii NA

Nevada NA

Rhode Island NA

South Carolina NA

Wyoming NA

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2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Wyoming $23000 $38410 670

New Hampshire 25630 37190 451

Vermont 31300 44910 435

Illinois 24070 32350 344

Colorado 25450 34160 342

Iowa 24020 31910 328

Louisiana 24540 32580 328

Texas 25040 32730 307

Maine 24510 31960 304

Kentucky 24940 31990 283

Arkansas 23400 29880 277

Montana 21900 27940 276

Indiana 23960 30330 266

California 34390 41850 217

Pennsylvania 28040 33900 209

Missouri 27050 32520 202

Florida 29750 35590 196

Wisconsin 26790 31920 191

Connecticut 34640 41210 190

Idaho 29940 35630 190

Minnesota 32640 38790 188

Hawaii 35750 42430 187

South Dakota 29370 34770 184

Nebraska 23000 27230 184

Maryland 31530 37280 182

New Jersey 32730 38580 179

Tennessee 27090 31810 174

Nevada 27610 32140 164

Ohio 30110 34820 156

Virginia 28040 32030 142

Michigan 31780 36110 136

Washington 38630 43820 134

New York 36660 41320 127

Delaware 29630 33260 123

Massachusetts 28920 32230 114

North Carolina 28850 31900 106

Utah 27250 30080 104

West Virginia 24460 26580 87

Alabama 27820 30240 87

Georgia 30310 32580 75

Arizona 28580 30260 59

Mississippi 25800 27230 55

Oregon 33070 34710 50

Kansas 28200 29380 42

Oklahoma 30080 30530 15

North Dakota 28210 28370 06

South Carolina 27570 26010 -57

Rhode Island 35540 33140 -68

New Mexico 32990 28540 -135

Alaska 36740 NA NA

District of Columbia NA 41830 NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Vermont $44910 $34650

Wyoming 38410 32510

South Dakota 34770 29080

Hawaii 42430 36750

Washington 43820 40860

Idaho 35630 32770

Florida 35590 33750

Louisiana 32580 31230

Arkansas 29880 29560

Iowa 31910 31990

California 41850 41980

Kentucky 31990 32170

New Hampshire 37190 37450

Oklahoma 30530 31150

Tennessee 31810 32730

Minnesota 38790 39840

Ohio 34820 35910

Mississippi 27230 28630

Maine 31960 33480

Alabama 30240 31940

Missouri 32520 34460

Montana 27940 29880

Pennsylvania 33900 35970

Nevada 32140 34300

North Carolina 31900 34120

North Dakota 28370 30620

New York 41320 43590

Oregon 34710 36980

Texas 32730 35310

Connecticut 41210 44400

Georgia 32580 35840

Wisconsin 31920 35240

Michigan 36110 39590

Indiana 30330 33820

West Virginia 26580 30470

Utah 30080 34110

Maryland 37280 41360

Kansas 29380 33780

New Jersey 38580 43040

New Mexico 28540 33000

Arizona 30260 34880

Rhode Island 33140 38240

Colorado 34160 39820

Delaware 33260 39050

Nebraska 27230 33060

South Carolina 26010 31940

Illinois 32350 38580

Virginia 32030 39130

Massachusetts 32230 45290

District of Columbia 41830 57980

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230 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Illinois $16200 $52670 2251

Montana 13510 43180 2196

Oklahoma 17070 49590 1905

Pennsylvania 19580 53350 1725

Texas 19350 52410 1709

Kansas 16530 44450 1689

New Mexico 16520 43520 1634

Iowa 19630 51640 1631

New Jersey 21190 55570 1622

Virginia 19120 49990 1615

California 22640 58820 1598

Arizona 16910 43760 1588

Colorado 20050 51370 1562

Oregon 20860 53000 1541

West Virginia 16040 40070 1498

Connecticut 26740 66300 1479

Michigan 21050 52090 1475

Rhode Island 20660 50960 1467

Idaho 20530 50500 1460

Maryland 22280 53780 1414

Nebraska 16330 39130 1396

District of Columbia 25240 60250 1387

North Dakota 16990 40460 1381

Wisconsin 19760 46880 1372

Indiana 19400 45900 1366

Massachusetts 20330 47370 1330

Florida 21620 50370 1330

Louisiana 20200 47050 1329

Arkansas 19300 44570 1309

Alabama 19300 43710 1265

Tennessee 20190 45670 1262

Utah 19090 42280 1215

South Carolina 17000 37600 1212

Missouri 20330 44060 1167

Washington 26780 57160 1134

South Dakota 24230 50830 1098

Vermont 30350 63210 1083

New York 27270 56320 1065

Minnesota 27620 53550 939

Georgia 23190 44760 930

Maine 22270 42870 925

Hawaii 30330 57670 901

Ohio 24760 46650 884

North Carolina 23060 43240 875

Nevada 23760 43340 824

Kentucky 23980 43730 824

Delaware 24160 43920 818

Wyoming 29010 52220 800

Mississippi 21070 35400 680

New Hampshire 29350 45390 547

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 231

Total Growth

State Percentage

Maryland 550

Nevada 462

Arizona 451

Tennessee 439

Utah 430

New Hampshire 418

New Mexico 407

Minnesota 390

New Jersey 386

South Dakota 379

Maine 358

Wyoming 357

Indiana 343

Idaho 336

Wisconsin 331

Virginia 331

Georgia 328

Oklahoma 319

Alaska 314

Montana 312

North Carolina 291

Hawaii 290

Kentucky 260

Iowa 260

Rhode Island 258

Colorado 250

New York 248

Illinois 231

Pennsylvania 221

Florida 212

Vermont 210

Alabama 204

Oregon 202

Delaware 200

Texas 191

Connecticut 172

Washington 162

California 158

South Carolina 155

West Virginia 149

Missouri 132

Arkansas 130

Massachusetts 127

Nebraska 121

Kansas 108

Louisiana 107

District of Columbia 100

Mississippi 90

Michigan 86

Ohio 76

North Dakota 06

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

North Dakota 923

Ohio 750

District of Columbia 714

Michigan 714

Mississippi 714

Louisiana 700

Nebraska 667

Kansas 652

Missouri 646

Arkansas 636

Massachusetts 616

South Carolina 610

Wyoming 600

Washington 598

California 595

Connecticut 575

West Virginia 571

Texas 541

Vermont 529

Florida 526

Delaware 524

Alabama 500

Hawaii 500

Oregon 500

Pennsylvania 500

Illinois 498

New York 477

Kentucky 472

Iowa 471

Rhode Island 457

Alaska 450

Colorado 446

North Carolina 433

Montana 429

Oklahoma 418

Georgia 414

Virginia 411

Idaho 407

Indiana 400

Nevada 400

New Mexico 400

South Dakota 400

Utah 400

Wisconsin 400

Maine 386

New Jersey 372

Minnesota 372

New Hampshire 349

Arizona 333

Tennessee 308

Maryland 295

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Washington 1625

Connecticut 1142

District of Columbia 1128

Maine 925

Oklahoma 889

North Dakota 843

New Jersey 816

Kansas 781

Idaho 710

North Carolina 695

Massachusetts 686

Rhode Island 681

Maryland 674

Vermont 649

New Mexico 636

Delaware 620

Missouri 614

South Carolina 614

Iowa 610

Alaska 546

Virginia 538

New Hampshire 528

Wisconsin 517

Nebraska 492

Oregon 491

New York 481

Minnesota 476

Florida 415

Illinois 403

Indiana 398

Utah 341

Colorado 320

South Dakota 320

West Virginia 301

Montana 289

Wyoming 280

California 272

Ohio 252

Hawaii 251

Arizona 243

Mississippi 229

Arkansas 227

Pennsylvania 220

Alabama 219

Texas 205

Michigan 197

Louisiana 188

Kentucky 180

Tennessee 169

Georgia 143

Nevada 60

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232 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Hawaii $32290 $51550 596

New Mexico 17410 27370 572

Wisconsin 23120 34920 510

North Dakota 22940 34560 507

Delaware 24020 33340 388

Vermont 28810 39750 380

North Carolina 22940 30360 323

Minnesota 27260 35480 302

Colorado 25360 32930 299

Maryland 21430 27800 297

Montana 22960 29440 282

Massachusetts 27450 34450 255

Wyoming 23340 28530 222

Nebraska 24380 29700 218

Utah 25240 30680 216

Illinois 27430 32640 190

District of Columbia 33410 39670 187

Ohio 32090 37960 183

Georgia 29710 35070 180

New Jersey 23870 28080 176

Maine 22160 25960 171

California 29400 34320 167

Tennessee 21560 25150 167

Kansas 21320 24880 167

Virginia 26290 30300 153

Idaho 27490 31660 152

Oklahoma 17890 20410 141

New Hampshire 24320 27720 140

Alabama 26750 30500 140

Louisiana 27530 31250 135

Kentucky 27200 30850 134

Pennsylvania 25960 29270 128

Arkansas 30030 33820 126

Missouri 27210 30020 103

South Carolina 25870 28480 101

Iowa 25420 27700 90

Indiana 26150 28020 72

Alaska 31110 33280 70

South Dakota 31740 33920 69

Texas 28490 29840 47

Florida 27220 28270 39

Michigan 40300 41740 36

Arizona 27260 28180 34

Washington 31340 31630 09

West Virginia 29080 29310 08

Oregon 26080 25770 -12

Connecticut 35430 33880 -44

New York 30690 27590 -101

Nevada 31840 28550 -103

Rhode Island 39580 33590 -151

Mississippi 51360 33770 -342

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Hawaii $51550 $36750

Mississippi 33770 28630

Vermont 39750 34650

South Dakota 33920 29080

Arkansas 33820 29560

North Dakota 34560 30620

Michigan 41740 39590

Ohio 37960 35910

Louisiana 31250 31230

Wisconsin 34920 35240

Montana 29440 29880

Georgia 35070 35840

Idaho 31660 32770

West Virginia 29310 30470

Kentucky 30850 32170

Alabama 30500 31940

Nebraska 29700 33060

Utah 30680 34110

South Carolina 28480 31940

North Carolina 30360 34120

Wyoming 28530 32510

Iowa 27700 31990

Minnesota 35480 39840

Missouri 30020 34460

Rhode Island 33590 38240

Texas 29840 35310

Florida 28270 33750

New Mexico 27370 33000

Delaware 33340 39050

Nevada 28550 34300

Indiana 28020 33820

Illinois 32640 38580

Arizona 28180 34880

Pennsylvania 29270 35970

Colorado 32930 39820

Maine 25960 33480

Tennessee 25150 32730

California 34320 41980

Virginia 30300 39130

Alaska 33280 42170

Kansas 24880 33780

Washington 31630 40860

New Hampshire 27720 37450

Connecticut 33880 44400

Oklahoma 20410 31150

Massachusetts 34450 45290

Oregon 25770 36980

Maryland 27800 41360

New Jersey 28080 43040

New York 27590 43590

District of Columbia 39670 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 233

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Hawaii $24900 $92840 2729

Michigan 13550 50220 2706

Vermont 15660 49180 2140

District of Columbia 18890 59210 2134

Ohio 16280 48630 1987

Minnesota 19150 55180 1881

Georgia 19430 55900 1877

Wisconsin 19570 55600 1841

North Dakota 21750 60600 1786

Massachusetts 23410 64180 1742

California 18650 50750 1721

South Dakota 19990 53860 1694

Connecticut 16700 44810 1683

Arkansas 21090 56520 1680

Mississippi 18790 49530 1636

Rhode Island 17100 43770 1560

Delaware 20360 51750 1542

Alaska 16650 41860 1514

Colorado 17610 43850 1490

Illinois 22640 56010 1474

Idaho 19780 48870 1471

Washington 21600 53290 1467

Louisiana 15860 38830 1448

Kentucky 16510 40000 1423

Utah 18350 44300 1414

Alabama 17310 41780 1414

North Carolina 18800 45130 1401

Virginia 18030 43180 1395

Missouri 24510 58490 1386

Texas 18310 43420 1371

Nebraska 18300 43340 1368

Montana 15070 35640 1365

West Virginia 18990 44150 1325

Pennsylvania 18610 42650 1292

Nevada 18070 41020 1270

Wyoming 18520 41890 1262

South Carolina 19480 43880 1253

Florida 23400 52560 1246

Arizona 13500 29870 1213

New Jersey 19030 42000 1207

Indiana 23200 49840 1148

Maryland 20170 42920 1128

New Hampshire 19470 41060 1109

Iowa 20530 41800 1036

New York 19200 38650 1013

New Mexico 23390 46990 1009

Maine 24600 48950 990

Oregon 23650 44460 880

Tennessee 20130 37300 853

Kansas 30990 52620 698

Oklahoma 27620 43900 589

Ap

pend

ix B

Ta

ble

s |

Oth

er F

rontlin

e O

ccup

atio

nal R

ole

s | R

ehabilita

tion C

ounse

lors

234 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Appendix C

Bibliography

Adams P Brauer R Karas B Bresnahan T and Murphy H ldquoProfessional Certification Its Value to SHampE Practitioners and the Professionrdquo Professional Safety December 2004 httpwwwasseorg

Addiction Technology Transfer Center Network ldquoATTC Tackles Treatment Workforce Issuesrdquo ATTC Networker 4(3) Winter 2002

Alabama Department of Industrial Relations httpwww2dirstatealus

Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Development httpalmislaborstateakus

All Allied Health Schools Directory ldquoPhysical Therapy Assistantsrdquo httpallalliedhealthschoolscom Accessed April 4 2006

American Labor Market Information System State Projections httpwwwprojectionscentralcom

American Association of Medical Assistants httpwwwaama-intlorg

American Association of Medical Assistants ldquoWhy More Employers are Hiring CMArsquosrdquo httpwwwaama-intlorg Accessed April 3 2006

American Association for Respiratory Care ldquoRespiratory Therapist Human Resources Studymdash2005rdquo httpwwwaarcorg

American Dental Assistants Association ldquoAddressing a uniform national model for the dental assisting profession Position paper of the ADAADANB Alliance ldquo November 2005 httpwwwdentalassistantorg

American Health Information Management Association httpwwwahimaorg

American Health Information Management Association ldquoStatement on the Health Information Management Workforcerdquo July 2002 httpwwwahimaorg

American Medical Association Health Professions Career and Educational Directory 2005ndash2006 33rd Edition American Medical Association Press 2005

American Society for Clinical Pathology httpwwwascporg

American Society of Radiologic Technologists ldquoThe Personnel Crunch A Crisis in the Radio-logic Technology Workforcerdquo 2003 httpwwwasrtorgmediapdfshortage_overviewpdf Accessed April 27 2006

American Society of Radiologic Technologists ldquoMaking the Profession Stronger Annual Report to Members Fiscal Year 2004rdquo httpwwwasrtorgmediapdfAR05_spreadpdf Accessed April 25 2006

Annie E Casey Foundation ldquoWhorsquos Taking Care Advocasey Examines the Staffing Crisis in Children and Family Servicesrdquo Advocasey Documenting Programs That Work for Kids and Families 6(1) Spring 2004

Arizona Department of Economic SecuritymdashResearch Administration httpwwwworkforceazgov

Arkansas Department of Workforce Services httpwwwdiscoverarkansasnet

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profile of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 235

Arthur Anderson (1999 November) Pharmacy Activity Cost and Productivity Study November 1999

Association of Surgical Technologists ldquoAST Recommended Clinical Ladder for the Surgical Technologistrdquo httpwwwastorgContentThe20ProfessionInformationhtm Accessed March 25 2006

Bhattacharyya K Winch P Leban K and Tien M ldquoCommunity Health Worker Incentives and Disincentives How They Affect Motivation Retention and Sustainabilityrdquo Basic Support for Institutionalizing Child Survival Project (BASICS II) for the United States Agency for Interna-tional Development Arlington Virginia October 2001

Bureau of Labor Statistics US Department of Labor ldquoCurrent Population SurveymdashTable 11 Employed Persons by Detailed Occupation Sex Race and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicityrdquo January 2005

Bureau of Labor Statistics US Department of Labor Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004ndash2005

Bureau of Labor Statistics US Department of Labor ldquoOccupational Projections and Training Datamdash2003-2004rdquo Supplement to the Occupational Outlook Handbook 2003ndash2004

Bureau of Labor Statistics US Department of Labor ldquoOccupational Employment StatisticsmdashOccupational Employment and Wage Estimates ldquo November 2004 httpwwwblsgovoesoes_datahtm

California Association of Psychiatric Technicians ldquoPsychiatric Technicians in Other Statesrdquo 2004 httpwwwpsych-healthcomotherstshtm Accessed April 13 2006

California Department of Industrial Relations httpwwwlabormarketinfoeddcagov

Colorado Department of Labor and Employment httpwwwcoworkforcecomlmi

Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification (2006) httpwwwcrccertificationcom Accessed April 28 2006

Committee on Dietetic Registration ldquoCertifications and Licensurerdquo httpwwwcdrnetorg certificationslicensureindexhtm Accessed May 1 2006

Connecticut Department of Labor Office of Research httpwwwctdolstatectuslmi indexhtm

Delaware Office of Occupational and Labor Market Information httpwwwdelawareworkscomoolmiwelcomeshtml

District of Columbia Department of Employment Services httpdoesdcgovdoescwpviewaspa=1233ampq=538345ampdoesNav=|32064|

Florida Agency for Workforce Innovation httpwwwlabormarketinfocom

Franks P Kocher N and Chapman S Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics in California San Francisco University of California San Francisco Center for Health Professions January 2004

Georgia Department of Labor httpwwwexplorerdolstategaus

Hawaii Department of Labor and Industrial Relations httpwwwhiwiorg

Idaho Department of Commerce and Labor Research and Analysis Bureau httplmi Idahogov

Ap

pend

ix C

Bib

liogra

phy

236 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profile of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Illinois Department of Employment Security httplmiidesstateilus

Indiana Department of Workforce Development httpwwwingovdwdinewslmiasp

Iowa Workforce Development Labor Market Information Bureau httpwwwiowaworkforceorglmiindexhtml

Kansas Department of Labor httplaborstatsdolksgovindexhtm

Kentucky Office of Employment and Training httpwwwworkforcekentuckykygov

Keane D Nielsen C and Dower C Community Health Workers and Promoters in California San Francisco University of California San Francisco Center for the Health Professions September 2004

Kimerling J ldquoBuilding a Culturally Competent Mental Health Workforcerdquo (unpublished report) The California Endowment 2002

Koele C ldquo Building the Lab Workforce of the Futurerdquo Medical Laboratory Observer May 2004

Kopiec K ldquoThe Work Experiences of Certified Nursing Assistants in New Hampshirerdquo Concord NH New Hampshire Community Loan Fund 2000

Leon J and Franco SJ Home and Community-Based Workforce Final Report Menlo Park CA Henry J Kaiser Foundation July 1998

Light PC The Health of the Human Services Workforce Washington DC Center for Public Service The Brookings Institution and Wagner School of Public Service New York University 2003

Lipson D and Carol R Health Insurance Coverage for Direct-Care Workers Riding Out the Storm Washington DC Institute for the Future of Aging Services 1(3) March 2004

Louisiana Department of Labor httpwwwldolstatelaushomepageasp

Mahan C and Malecki J ldquoConfronting the Impending Public Health Workforce Crisis in America Perspectives from Academia and Public Health Practicerdquo Florida Public Health Review 1 4ndash7 2004

Maine Department of Labor httpwwwmainegovlaborlmis

Maryland Department of Labor Licensing and Regulation Division of Workforce Development httpwwwdllrstatemduslmiindexhtm

Massachusetts Department of Workforce Development httpwwwdetmaorgdefaulthtm

McLellan A Carise D and Kleber H ldquoCan the National Addiction Treatment Infrastructure Support the Publicrsquos Demand for Quality Carerdquo Report by The Treatment Research Institute and the University of Pennsylvania Center for Studies of Addiction 2003

McRee T et al The Mental Health Workforce Whorsquos Meeting Californiarsquos Needs San Francisco The California Workforce Initiative at the University of California San Francisco Center for Health Professions February 2003

Medical Transcription Industry Alliance Medical Transcription Industry Alliance Newsletter (6)6 December 2003

Michigan Department of Labor and Economic Growth httpwwwmichlmiorgindexjsp

Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development httpwwwdeedstatemnuslmiHomehtm

Ap

pend

ix C

Bib

liogra

phy

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profile of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 237

Mississippi Department of Employment Security httpmdesgovwpsportalnull

Missouri Department of Economic Development httpwwwmissourieconomyorgindexstm

Montana Department of Labor and Industry Research and Analysis Bureau httpwwwourfactsyourfutureorg

Mulvey K Hubbard S and Hiyashi S ldquoA National Study of the Substance Abuse Treatment Workforcerdquo Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 24(1) 51-57 January 2003

National Association of Social Workers httpwwwnasworg

National Association of Social Workers Assuring the Sufficiency of a Frontline Workforce A National Study of Licensed Social Workers Preliminary Report Washington DC National Association of Social Workers 2005

National Center for Health Workforce Analysis The Clinical Laboratory Workforce The Changing Picture of Supply Demand Education and practice US Department of Health and Human Services January 2005

National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certification ldquoWhy Become a CTRSrdquo 2004 httpwwwncrtcorg

National Rural Health Association ldquoRecruitment and Retention of a Quality Health Workforce in Rural Areas Issue Paperrdquo November 2005

Nebraska Department of Labor httpwwwdolstateneusnwdcentercfmPRICAT=4ampSUBCAT=4C

Nevada Department of Employment Training and Rehabilitation httpwww nevadaworkforcecom

New Hampshire Department of Employment Security httpwwwnhesstatenhuselmi indexhtml

New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development httpwwwnjgovlaborlra indexhtml

New Mexico Department of Labor httpwwwdolstatenmusdol_lmifhtml

New York Department of Labor httpwwwlaborstatenyusworkforceindustrydataindexasp

North Carolina Employment Security Commission httpwwwncesccomlmidefaultasp

North Dakota Job Service httpwwwjobsndcomdataindexhtml

Northwest Center for Public Health Practice Building Workforce Bridges Across Northwest States A Regional Analysis of Workforce Assessments From Six NW States School of Public Health and Community Medicine University of Washington January 2002

Ohio Office of Workforce Development httpwwwohioworkforceinformerorg

Oklahoma Employment Security Commission httpwwwoescstateokuslmi

Oregon Employment Department httpwwwqualityinfoorgolmisjOlmisZine

Pennsylvania Center for Workforce Information and Analysis httpwwwpaworkstatsstatepaus

Pharmacy Technician Certification Board 2005 httpwwwptcporgAboutstatisticsaspx Accessed April 27 2006

Ap

pend

ix C

Bib

liogra

phy

238 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profile of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Rhode Island Department of Labor and Training httpwwwdltrigovlmi

Seago J Spetz J Chapman S Dyer W and Grumbach K Supply Demand and use of Licensed Practical Nurses San Francisco Center for Health Workforce Studies University of San Francisco November 2004

Seavey D The Cost of Frontline Turnover in Long-Term Care Washington DC Better Jobs Better Care Institute for the Future of Aging Services October 2004

South Carolina Employment Security Commission httpwwwscesorglmi

South Dakota Department of Labor httpwwwsdjobsorglmic

Tache S and Chapman S Medical Assistants in California San Francisco University of California San Francisco Center for Health Professions 2004 Tennessee Department of Labor and Workforce Development httpsourcevirtuallmicomdefaultasp

Texas Workforce Commission httpwwwtracer2com

United States General Accounting Office ldquoNursing Workforce Recruitment and Retention of Nurses and Nurse Aides is a Growing Concernrdquo Statement of William J Scanlon May 17 2001

Utah Department of Workforce Services httpjobsutahgovopencmswi

Virginia Employment Commission httpvelmavirtuallmicom

Vermont Department of Labor httpwwwvtlmiinfo

Washington Employment Security Department httpwwwworkforceexplorercom

West Virginia Workforce httpwwwwvbeporgbeplmi

Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education Mental Health Program The behavioral workforce in Alaska A status report University of Alaska March 2004

Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development httpworknetwisconsingovworknet

Wyoming Department of Employment Research and Planning Division httpdoestatewy uslmi

Ap

pend

ix C

Bib

liogra

phy

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profile of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 239

Acknowledgments

Health Workforce Solutions LLC would like to thank the following people for their

contributions to this book

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Staff

Victor Capoccia PhD

Senior Program Offi cer

Sallie Petrucci George MPH

Program Offi cer

Maureen Cozine MPH

Communications Offi cer

Hope Woodhead

Production Director

Editing

Beth Brainard

Chartbook Design

DBA Design

PO Box 2316

Route One and College Road East

Princeton NJ 08543

wwwrwjforg

  • Front Cover
  • Contents
  • Introduction
  • Overview of Methodology
    • Defining the Frontline Health and Health Care Workers
    • Data Collection and Analysis
      • How to Use the Chartbook
        • Overview of the Frontline Workforce
        • Occupational Variation Across the Frontline Workforce
        • Occupational Profiles
        • Appendix Data Tables
        • Commonly Used Terms
          • Overview of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
            • Figure 1 Frontline Workforce Population Relative to Total Health and Health Care Workforce Population
            • Figure 2 Gender Distribution Across the Frontline Workforce
            • Figure 3 Racial Distribution Across the Frontline Workforce
            • Figure 4 Frontline Workforce Occupational Roles
            • Employment Outlook
              • Figure 5 Projected Employment for the Frontline Workforce Due to Growth (2002ndash2012)
              • Figure 6 Projected Employment for the Frontline Workforce Due to Growth + Replacement Need (2002ndash2012)
                • Regional Outlook
                  • Figure 7 Frontline Workforce Regional Distribution
                  • Figure 8 Frontline Workforce Regional Outlook Projected Growth (2002ndash2012) and Percent Job Openings Due to Replacement Need
                    • Wage Outlook
                      • Figure 9 Frontline Workforce Wage Earnings (2004)
                          • Occupational Variation Across the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
                            • Figure 10 Occupational Employment Projections (2002ndash2012)mdashGrowth Rate
                            • Figure 11 Occupational Employment Projections (2002ndash2012)mdashPercent of Job Openings Due to Replacement Need
                            • Figure 12 Occupational Wage Gains 2000ndash2004
                            • Figure 13 Occupational Wage Range 10thndash90th Percentile
                            • Figure 14 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Occupational Roles
                            • Figure 15 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Percent Wage Gain Across Occupations
                            • Figure 16 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Wage Earnings Range (10thndash90th percentile)
                            • Figure 17 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Education Training Levels
                            • Figure 18 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Percent of Minority Workers Within Occupations
                              • Occupational Profiles
                                • Allied Health Roles mdash Frontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles
                                  • Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians
                                    • Figure 19 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                    • Figure 20 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                    • Figure 21 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                      • Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics
                                        • Figure 22 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                        • Figure 23 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                        • Figure 24 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                          • Medical Assistants
                                            • Figure 25 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                            • Figure 26 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                            • Figure 27 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                              • Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians
                                                • Figure 28 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                • Figure 29 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                • Figure 30 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                  • Medical Records and Health Information Technicians
                                                    • Figure 31 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                    • Figure 32 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                    • Figure 33 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                      • Occupational Health and Safety Specialists
                                                        • Figure 34 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                        • Figure 35 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                        • Figure 36 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                          • Pharmacy Technicians
                                                            • Figure 37 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                            • Figure 38 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                            • Figure 39 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                              • Radiologic Technologists and Technicians
                                                                • Figure 40 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                • Figure 41 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due toReplacement Need
                                                                • Figure 42 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                  • Respiratory Therapy Technicians
                                                                    • Figure 43 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                    • Figure 44 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                    • Figure 45 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                      • Surgical Technologists
                                                                        • Figure 46 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                        • Figure 47 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                        • Figure 48 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                            • Community and Public Health Roles Frontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles
                                                                              • Health Educators
                                                                                • Figure 49 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                • Figure 50 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                • Figure 51 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                  • Medical and Public Health Social Workers
                                                                                    • Figure 52 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                    • Figure 53 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                    • Figure 54 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                      • Social and Human Service Assistants
                                                                                        • Figure 55 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                        • Figure 56 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                        • Figure 57 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                            • Long-term Care Roles Frontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles
                                                                                              • Home Health Aides
                                                                                                • Figure 58 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                • Figure 59 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                • Figure 60 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                  • Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants
                                                                                                    • Figure 61 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                    • Figure 62 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                    • Figure 63 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                      • Personal and Home Care Aides
                                                                                                        • Figure 64 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                        • Figure 65 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                        • Figure 66 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                            • Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles Frontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles
                                                                                                              • Mental Health Counselors
                                                                                                                • Figure 67 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                • Figure 68 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                • Figure 69 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                  • Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers
                                                                                                                    • Figure 70 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                    • Figure 71 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                    • Figure 72 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                      • Psychiatric Aides
                                                                                                                        • Figure 73 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                        • Figure 74 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                        • Figure 75 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                          • Psychiatric Technicians
                                                                                                                            • Figure 76 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                            • Figure 77 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                            • Figure 78 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                              • Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors
                                                                                                                                • Figure 79 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                • Figure 80 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                • Figure 81 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                    • Other Frontline Occupational Roles Frontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles
                                                                                                                                      • Child Family and School Social Workers
                                                                                                                                        • Figure 82 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                        • Figure 83 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                        • Figure 84 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                          • Dental Assistants
                                                                                                                                            • Figure 85 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                            • Figure 86 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                            • Figure 87 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                              • Dietetic Technicians
                                                                                                                                                • Figure 88 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                                • Figure 89 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                                • Figure 90 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                                  • Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses
                                                                                                                                                    • Figure 91 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                                    • Figure 92 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                                    • Figure 93 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                                      • Medical Transcriptionists
                                                                                                                                                        • Figure 94 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                                        • Figure 95 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                                        • Figure 96 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                                          • Occupational Therapist Assistants
                                                                                                                                                            • Figure 97 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                                            • Figure 98 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                                            • Figure 99 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                                              • Pharmacy Aides
                                                                                                                                                                • Figure 100 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                                                • Figure 101 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                                                • Figure 102 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                                                  • Physical Therapist Aides
                                                                                                                                                                    • Figure 103 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                                                    • Figure 104 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                                                    • Figure 105 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                                                      • Physical Therapist Assistants
                                                                                                                                                                        • Figure 106 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                                                        • Figure 107 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                                                        • Figure 108 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                                                          • Recreational Therapists
                                                                                                                                                                            • Figure 109 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                                                            • Figure 110 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                                                            • Figure 111 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                                                              • Rehabilitation Counselors
                                                                                                                                                                                • Figure 112 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                                                                • Figure 113 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                                                                • Figure 114 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Conclusion
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Implications for Further Policy and Research Efforts
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Appendix A Extended Methodology and Data Availability
                                                                                                                                                                                        • National Level Data Availability
                                                                                                                                                                                        • State Level Data Availability
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Appendix B Table mdash Occupational Profiles State by State Data
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Allied Health Roles
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Community and Public Health Roles
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Long-term Care Roles
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Other Frontline Occupational Roles
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Appendix C Bibliography

copy 2006 the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation

Report prepared by

Health Workforce Solutions LLC

San Francisco California

wwwhealthwscom

Jennifer Schindel PhD

Principal Investigator

David Cherner MBA MPH

Project Director

Edward OrsquoNeil MPA PhD FAAN

Project Advisor

Kim Solomon MBA MPH

Project Advisor

Brian Iammartino MPP

Project Analyst

Janine Santimauro MPP MPH

Project Analyst

The fi ndings and views contained in this report do not necessarily refl ect those of

the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profile of the Frontline

Health and Health Care Workforce

November 2006

HEALTH WORKFORCE SOLUTIONS LLC

Contents

Introduction 1

Overview of Methodology 3

How to Use the Chartbook 5

Overview of the FrontlineHealth and Health Care Workforce 11

Occupational Variation Across theFrontline Health and Health Care Workforce17

Occupational Profi les 27

Conclusion 129

Appendix A Extended Methodology and Data Availability 133

Appendix B TablesmdashOccupational Profi les State by State Data 137

Appendix C Bibliography 235

The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) is dedicated to improving the health and health care of all Americans Historically the Foundationrsquos workforce initiatives have targeted primarily prominent and professionalized occupations such as physicians registered nurses and health care executives These professions are critical highly visible components of the United States health care system they provide vital contributions to the public their patients key constituents and the organizations they represent However a signifi cant number of public health and health care workersmdashreferred to here as the frontline workforcemdashalso deliver vital care and services but are often underrepresented in current research and outreach initiatives within the health and health care system This frontline workforce is a diverse group of professionals and paraprofessionals who provide a range of direct patient care and client services The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation believes this fast-growing segment of the health and health care workforce a group that plays a critical role in ensuring delivery of high-quality care and services warrants further research and outreach

This frontline workforce is growing rapidly collectively it is growing faster (326) than the growth rate of all health and health care occupations (283) and signifi cantly faster than the growth rate for all occupations (148) in the United States workforce (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment Statistics 2003) Although we know the frontline workforce will continue to play a critically important role within public health and the health care delivery system little has been known about who these workers are and what employment issues and needs they face This chartbook attempts to fi ll this research gap by providing information about frontline occupations on both national and state levels Frontline workers are diverse in terms of the patient care services they provide the settings in which they work and their particular employment outlook but they do share some common characteristics

bull Frontline workersrsquo wage earnings are generally lower than in other health care occupations most earn annual wages of $40000 or less

bull Most frontline occupations require educational training at a bachelorrsquos degree or below or simply on-the-job training

bull Workers often do not have clear career ladders or mechanisms to enhance their occupational role

In total the frontline workforce occupations selected for this chartbook represent more than 6 million workers employed in 2002 (based on data reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics) which represents just over half of the total health and health care workforce Not all occupations document comprehensive demographic information however existing data do indicate that 80 percent of frontline workers in the occupations included in this study are female and 32 percent are African American or Hispanic These demographics are in sharp contrast with many other health professions in which workers are predominantly white and male

Introduction

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 1

Although some frontline occupations have voluntary member associations connections with accrediting bodies or related organizational affi liations no comprehensive resource has provided consistent data on the occupational outlook for this workforce This chartbook offers a synthesis of the core data available across these occupations including occupational growth outlook per capita employment demographic information and wage outlook and trends These data will serve as a resource for workforce policy-makers and analysts occupational associations employers foundations and researchers by profi ling the frontline workforce as a whole the variability across frontline occupations and the employment outlook for each occupation as it varies across states

The frontline workforce will become an increasingly important part of the United States health and health care system as the population ages Changes in disease advances in technology and increases in consumer demand and costs will affect the entire health care system but many frontline employers and workers will have fewer resources available to respond to those challenges As our nationrsquos health care needs increase it is essential to the nationrsquos health that policies be developed to ensure that a sustainable frontline workforce is available to deliver the highest quality of care and services

Intro

ductio

n

2 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

This chartbook provides comprehensive employment data on frontline health and health care workforce occupations The data offer a profi le of the frontline workforce at the national level as well as a more nuanced description of the ways in which the frontline occupational outlook varies across states and regions The researchers gathered the core occupational data presented here from federal sources such as the Bureau of Labor Statistics and from state sources such as state labor market information databases

Defi ning the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Thirty-two occupational categories comprise the frontline health and health care workforce profi led in this chartbook1 These occupational categories are defi ned by the Bureau of Labor Statistics 2000 Standard Occupational Classifi cation (SOC) which the researchers used to obtain the most standardized and consistent data available for this workforce To delineate which occupations make up the frontline workforce the researchers targeted occupations with the following general characteristics

bull a high level of direct patient care or care delivery support services

bull median annual wages of approximately $40000 or less and

bull required educational training of a bachelorrsquos degree or below

Collectively the frontline workforce refl ects these general characteristics However as discussed in more detail in the Appendix a few occupational categories that do not precisely fi t these criteria are included in the frontline workforce because they generally represent the health and health care occupations warranting further research and attention

Data Collection and Analysis

The researchers used both federal and state resources to gather core occupational data Because state labor market information resources use the federal Bureau of Labor Statistics Standard Occupational Classifi cation parallel gathering processes produced consistent and comparable state and national occupational data Core data on this workforce include2

bull 2002ndash2012 national and state employment and projections

mdash growth rate

mdash percentage of annual job openings due to replacement needs and

mdash per capita occupational employment

Overview of Methodology

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 3

1 An extensive discussion of the process of defi ning this workforce can be found in the Extended Methodology section in the Appendix

2 For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

bull 2004 national and state wage outlook and trends

mdash average occupational wage

mdash percentile range of wage earnings and

mdash national and state wage gain trends

bull demographics (national data) and

bull educational training levels (national data)

The core data were analyzed organized and presented to provide (1) a view of the frontline workforce as a whole (2) occupational variations across the workforce and (3) in-depth occupational profi les that illuminate state variations in key information such as per capita employment occupational growth rates reported wage gains and other occupational trends In addition to the core data in the main portion of the chartbook a complete set of data tables are included in the Appendix which provides occupational data specifi c to each state

Ove

rview

of M

eth

odolo

gy

4 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Physical Therapist Assistants

Physical Therapist Aides

Occupational Therapist Assistants

Dental Assistants

Personal and Home Care Aides

Respiratory Therapy Technicians

Cardiovascular Technologists and Techicians

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Rehabilitation Counselors

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Medical and Public Health Social Workers

Pharmacy Technicians

Surgical Technologists

Mental Health Counselors

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Child Family and School Social Workers

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

Medical Transcriptionists

Dietetic Technicians

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Health Educators

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Pharmacy Aides

Psychiatric Aides

All Frontline Occupations

Medical Assistants

Social and Human Services Assistants

Home Health Aides

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

Recreational Therapists

Psychiatric Technicians

326

586

489

481

146

74

50

469

460

459

444

425

400

400

349

347

344

330

290

284

278

259

249

239

234

230

228

207

202

200

197

183

153

Growth Rate (in percent)

How to Use the Chartbook

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 5

Overview of the Frontline Workforce(page 11 to 15)

This section of the chartbook provides overview data on the total frontline workforce The data presented are aggregated across all 32 occupations to present a view of the employment and wage outlook for the frontline workforce as a whole Data presented include

bull Frontline workforce population relative to the total health and health care workforce

bull Employment projections

bull Regional distribution and outlook

bull Gender and racial distribution

bull Wage earningsMales

Females

21

79

Total health and health care workforce12080000

Frontline workforce6476000

Data ranked high to low

Top 3 entries are

Bottom 3 entries are

Occupational Variation Across the Frontline Workforce(page 17 to 26)

This section of the book provides data focusing on the variation across the 32 occupations Figures 10 and 11 in this section show the employment and wage outlook across these occupations ordered from high to low

MEAN ANNUAL

Nursing Aides Orderlies and AttendantsHome Health Aides

Personal and Home Care Aides

Occupational Health and Safety SpecialistsRadiologic Technologists and Technicians

Cardiovascular Technologists and TechniciansRespiratory Therapy Technicians

Surgical TechnologistsMedical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Medical Records and Health Information TechniciansEmergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Medical AssistantsPharmacy Technicians

Health EducatorsMedical and Public Health Social Workers

Social and Human Service Assistants

Mental Health CounselorsMental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder CounselorsPsychiatric Technicians

Psychiatric Aides

Occupational Therapist AssistantsChild Family and School Social Workers

Physical Therapist AssistantsLicensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Recreational TherapistsRehabilitation Counselors

Dental AssistantsMedical Transcriptionists

Dietetic TechniciansPhysical Therapist Aides

Pharmacy Aides

$21890

$19200

$17560

$54410

$45900

$40770

$37840

$35560

$32820

$28160

$27940

$25860

$25150

$43150

$42250

$26300

$36630

$36620

$35170

$28710

$23770

$38550

$38280

$38050

$35580

$34780

$30820

$29570

$29530

$25390

$23270

$20270

Long-term Care Roles

Allied Health Roles

Community and Public Health Roles

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles

All Other Frontline Roles

lt$25900$26000ndash 30900

$31000ndash 40900

$41000ndash 50000+

OCCUPATIONAL ROLES

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ook

6 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Wage ranges

Summary occupational employment information

Supplemental data points

Per capita distribution by quartiles

Frontline occupational data point groupings

Occupational Profi les(page 27 to 128)

This third section provides occupational profi les for each of the 32 occupations in the frontline workforce

Page 1

The top of this page provides summary employment information for the occupation followed by a few additional data points The map of the United States on the bottom portion of the page presents the per capita distribution for this occupation across the country The per capita population is presented in quartiles with the legend showing the distribution for each quartile by color and the states shaded by the corresponding quartile color

A complete listing of each statersquos per capita distribution is located in the Appendix tables corresponding with each occupation

The second set of charts Figures 12 through 18 present comparison data of the average annual occupational wage relative to several other data points occupational roles demographics and education level along with other wage data points such as wage gain and wage range The purpose is to show where certain data points correlate with higher or lower wages

For example if one wanted to look at the wages for

occupations requiring a bachelorrsquos degree compared with wages of occupations requiring an associate degree the comparison is displayed on this chart

Allied Health Roles

Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Additional Findings

bull Cardiovascular technologists can deliver their services to patients in any medical setting that provides the necessary supervision of a doctor of medicine or osteopathy (American Medical Association 2005)

bull A vast majority of cardiovascular technologists and technicians work in medical and surgical hospitals while others work in offices of physicians and federal government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 43000 2265 Average Annual Openings2012 58000

35 Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 642 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 358 Replacements

Figure 19 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

1914ndash37901545ndash18941192ndash1505499ndash1178Data not available

(Median = 1545)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

NH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

VT

WY

How

to U

se th

e C

hartb

ook

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 7

States with the highest and lowest replacement needs

2004 mean annual wage for all occupa-tions in given state

High

ArizonaUtahKansasNevadaArkansas

400

400

393

360

345

Low

South CarolinaLouisianaDistrict of ColumbiaMichiganNorth Dakota

89

85

82

76

48

Growth Rate

High

North DakotaWest VirginiaMichiganLouisianaDistrict of Columbia

857

800

771

750

739

Low

WisconsinCaliforniaArizonaKansasUtah

400

373

361

353

333

Replacement Need (in percent)

NV

UT

AZ

KS

ND

AR

LA

MI

DC

SC

CA UT

AZ

KS

ND

WI

LA

MI

DC

SC

States with the highest and lowest

growth rate

Wage gain percent in the given state

2004 mean annual occupational wage

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

$38

880

$42

630

$31

740

$39

160

$47

450

$37

450

$34

880

$31

150

$34

300

$43

040

775 584 525 509 399

New Hampshire Arizona Oklahoma Nevada New Jersey

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

$34

110

$39

050

$34

650

$35

240

$36

750

Utah Delaware Vermont Wisconsin Hawaii

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

09 -52 -87 -138-26

$35

400

$32

910

$38

220

$37

930

$34

510

Page 3

This page presents the variation in wage outlook and average wage across states for the occupation The top chart highlights the fi ve states with the greatest wage gains from 2000ndash2004 and the chart below highlights the states with the lowest wage gains Additionally the average wage for the occupation in this state is presented next to the average wage for all occupations in that state

Here one can see the mean annual wage for the profi led occupation in the given state benchmarked next to the average wages across all occupations in that state providing insight into the economic context for the particular occupation in the given state

Page 2

This page presents data on the variation across states for the growth outlook and replacement needs for the occupation For both growth and replacement needs one can see the top and bottom fi ve states highlighted on the maps along with the corresponding percentage data on the left

Community and Public Health Roles

Health Educators

Additional Findings

bull The average age of the total public health workforce of which health educators are a key element is estimated at 47 indicating a looming retirement problem (Mahan and Malecki 2004)

bull The health educator occupational group is noted for persistent shortages and cited as a top priority within the public health infrastructure (Northwest Center for Public Health Practice University of Washington 2002)

bull Health educators work in a variety of settings including medical and surgical hospitals local government institutions individual and family services and state government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 45000 1759 Average Annual Openings2012 54000

20 Health Educators Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 554 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 446 Replacements

Figure 49 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

2048ndash66941482ndash20111041ndash14211414ndash1019Data not available

(Median = 1482)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

WY

SDNH

VT

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 669

Vermont 462

Delaware 347

Hawaii 332

Oregon 315

Alaska 296

Georgia 290

Maine 276

Minnesota 262

Massachusetts 245

New Jersey 210

New Mexico 205

Rhode Island 201

Washington 199

Maryland 194

Colorado 180

New York 178

Oklahoma 169

Nebraska 166

Missouri 165

North Carolina 161

California 157

Mississippi 154

Florida 149

New Hampshire 148

Kentucky 142

Ohio 135

Indiana 127

Texas 127

Michigan 123

Wisconsin 123

Utah 121

Pennsylvania 114

West Virginia 111

Kansas 107

Montana 104

Connecticut 104

Tennessee 102

Virginia 101

Nevada 92

Arizona 88

Iowa 83

South Dakota 83

Louisiana 83

Alabama 80

Idaho 74

Arkansas 73

Illinois 73

South Carolina 41

North Dakota NA

Wyoming NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 875

Michigan 667

Rhode Island 667

West Virginia 667

New York 600

Arkansas 571

Illinois 571

Maryland 559

Washington 540

Indiana 533

Alaska 500

California 500

Delaware 500

Hawaii 500

Idaho 500

Iowa 500

Missouri 500

Montana 500

New Mexico 500

Ohio 500

Tennessee 500

Utah 500

Vermont 500

Wisconsin 500

Georgia 489

Pennsylvania 472

Mississippi 471

Colorado 460

Nebraska 455

Massachusetts 451

Virginia 448

Maine 429

New Jersey 429

Kentucky 400

Louisiana 400

Texas 400

Minnesota 397

Florida 383

Arizona 375

Kansas 375

New Hampshire 375

Oklahoma 350

Oregon 350

Alabama 333

North Carolina 333

South Dakota 333

Connecticut 300

Nevada 100

North Dakota NA

South Carolina NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Utah 464

Nevada 450

Colorado 333

Arizona 315

Florida 298

South Dakota 286

New Hampshire 275

Texas 273

Minnesota 264

Alaska 263

New Mexico 263

Kentucky 256

Hawaii 244

Montana 242

Maine 235

Oregon 234

North Carolina 231

Missouri 223

Alabama 222

New Jersey 222

Virginia 221

Delaware 214

Idaho 212

Oklahoma 203

Mississippi 201

Pennsylvania 199

Washington 198

Connecticut 194

Arkansas 192

Nebraska 192

Georgia 185

California 182

Indiana 179

Wisconsin 179

Vermont 179

Massachusetts 178

Ohio 175

Kansas 172

Louisiana 162

Tennessee 153

Iowa 143

Maryland 142

Illinois 131

West Virginia 115

New York 115

Rhode Island 112

Michigan 89

South Carolina 59

District of Columbia 24

North Dakota NA

Wyoming NA

How

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8 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Corresponding data for every state can be found in Appendix B TablesmdashOccupational Profi les State by State Data

Appendix Data Tables(page 137 to 234)

The data tables in Appendix B provide a complete listing of the state-by-state data highlighted in the occupational profi les The data tables are organized by occupation and include state data for growth replacements and per capita and wage gains benchmarks and differentials Data for certain occupations were not available in all states and unavailable data are labeled as ldquonardquo

For example for a more detailed look at the specifi c per capita population of health educators in Texas one can turn to the corresponding per capita Appendix table for health educators which will show the per capita population for that state listed in order from highest to lowest per capita distribution

Commonly Used Terms

Several terms are repeatedly used throughout the chartbook The table below provides brief defi nitions for each term

TERM DEFINITION

Frontline workforce 32 unique occupational groups of health and health care workers as defi ned by the researchers Key characteristics include high level of direct careservice median annual wage under $40000 and required educational training of a bachelorrsquos degree or below For more detail on how the 32 groups were chosen please review the Extended Methodology section in the Appendix

Growth or growth rate Difference or percent change between 2002 and 2012 refl ecting expected growth in an occupation throughout the ten-year period

Replacements The need in job openings from workers that permanently leave an occupation (eg retirement health and family reasons switch careers etc)

Separations Synonym for replacements

Average annual openings Sum for each occupation of Growth plus the expected number of Replacement workers needed to fi ll those openings and then annualized

Short term on-the-job training Short demonstration or up to one month of on-the-job experience or instruction

Moderate term on-the-job training One to 12 months of combined on-the-job experience and instruction

Allied health roles Occupations that support aid and increase the effi ciency of the physician or dentist or primary clinical specialist

For more detail on specifi c calculations or methods please refer to the Extended Methodology section in the Appendix

How

to U

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e C

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ook

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 9

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 11

Frontline workers represent a large and signifi cant segment of the total health and health care workforce There are approximately 12 million health and health care workers in the United States working in community and social service occupations health care practitioner and technical occupations and health care support occupations (Bureau of Labor Statistics 2003) These workers represent a range of roles in the delivery of health services and care they include physicians registered nurses substance abuse counselors medical assistants and X-ray technicians The frontline workforce as defi ned in this chartbook constitutes half of the total health and health care workforce with more than 6 million workers in frontline occupations1

Figure 1 Frontline Workforce Population Relative to Total Health and Health Care Workforce Population

The frontline workforce as a whole is predominantly female and approximately one-third of the workers are part of a racial minority

Figure 2 Gender Distribution Across the Frontline Workforce

Overview of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Males

Females

21

79

Total health and health care workforce12080000

Frontline workforce6476000

1 For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 3 Racial Distribution Across the Frontline Workforce

The frontline workforce consists of a diverse set of occupations within various health services and health care delivery roles

Figure 4 Frontline Workforce Occupational Roles

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles

Mental Health Counselors

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Psychiatric Aides

Psychiatric Technicians

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Child Family and School Social Workers

Dental Assistants

Dietetic Technicians

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Medical Transcriptionists

Occupational Therapist Assistants

Pharmacy Aides

Physical Therapist Aides

Physical Therapist Assistants

Recreational Therapists

Rehabilitation Counselors

Allied Health Roles

Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Medical Assistants

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

Pharmacy Technicians

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

Respiratory Therapy Technicians

Surgical Technologists

Community and Public Health Roles

Health Educators

Medical and Public Health Social Workers

Social and Human Services Assistants

Long-term Care Roles

Home Health Aides

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Personal and Home Care Aides

White

Asian

AfricanAmerican

HispanicLatino

6718

10

4

Ove

rview

of th

e F

rontlin

e H

ealth

and H

ealth

Care

Work

forc

e

12 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Employment Outlook

This frontline workforce is growing rapidly collectively it is growing faster (326) than the growth rate for all health and health care occupations (283) and signifi -cantly faster than the growth rate for all occupations (148) in the United States (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment Statistics 2003)

Figure 5 Projected Employment for the Frontline Workforce Due to Growth (2002ndash2012)

This projection refl ects only the increase in jobs needed due to occupational growth it does not include additional job openings due to replacement need which includes workers who retire leave the occupation or leave the employment workforce altogether For the frontline workforce 342 of the average annual projected job openings are due to replacement need This means an additional 1 million frontline workforce jobs will need to be fi lled by 2012

Figure 6 Projected Employment for the Frontline Workforce Due to Growth + Replacement Need (2002ndash2012)

2012Projected employment

8589000

2002Employment

6476000

Growth rate = 326

2012Projected employment (growth + replacements)

9686760

2002Employment

6476000

Growth rate = 496

Ove

rview

of th

e F

rontlin

e H

ealth

and H

ealth

Care

Work

forc

e

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 13

Regional Outlook

With the exception of the West there is little observable regional variation in growth rate or percentage of replacement need for the total frontline workforce across the four Census regions Variations in employment and wage outlook appear much more salient at the state level when comparing particular occupations as shown in the Occupational Profi les section

The overall regional distribution of the frontline workforce is fairly evenly distributed relative to the regional distribution of the population as a whole The Western region exhibits the most variation relative to the other regions with the frontline workforce there less representative of the regionrsquos population as a whole The total 2002 population distribution across regions is

West 26 of total United States population

South 35 of total United States population

Northeast 18 of total United States population

Midwest 21 of total United States population

Figure 7 Frontline Workforce Regional Distribution

Total workforce employment 6400000

West1140230

Northeast1439258

South2261969

Midwest1558525

178

353

224

243

Ove

rview

of th

e F

rontlin

e H

ealth

and H

ealth

Care

Work

forc

e

14 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 15

Wage Outlook

Workers in the frontline workforce generally earn less than $40000 per year the mean annual wage for the total frontline workforce is $32180 (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment Statistics Wage Estimates 2004) Looking at the percentile spread of wage earnings for frontline occupations from the 10th percentile to the 90th percentile there is some variability between the minimum and maximum wage earning potential The highest annual wage earning potential for this workforce as a whole is under $50000

Figure 9 Frontline Workforce Wage Earnings (2004)

260 259 311 341 397 394 354 358

Northeast Midwest South West Northeast Midwest South West

Figure 8 Frontline Workforce Regional Outlook Projected Growth (2002ndash2012) and Percent Job Openings Due to Replacement Need

Ove

rview

of th

e F

rontlin

e H

ealth

and H

ealth

Care

Work

forc

e

Percentile Differential

$20299

Median $30665

$46673

10th Percentile

90th Percentile

130

The following section highlights the employment and wage outlook for the frontline workforce by occupation and illuminates variations among frontline occupations There is signifi cant variation in growth and replacement need across occupations and there is also some observable variation in wage earnings The variations in growth and replacement need do not appear to relate directly to particular occupational roles In wage outlook however certain occupational roles tend to cluster at the top and the bottom of the wage-earning spectrum For example long-term care roles are among the lowest wage earners and experienced the smallest wage gain in the past four years Allied health roles (some not all) on the other hand are among the highest wage earners in this workforce and experienced some of the largest wage gains1

Although the data on educational training for frontline occupations are limited2 the researchers were able to categorize these occupations based on the following standard educational training levels

Short-term on-the-job training3

Moderate-term on-the-job training4

Postsecondary vocational award

Associate degree

Bachelorrsquos degree

Masterrsquos degree

(Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Projections and Training Data 2005)

In frontline workforce occupations higher education and training do not directly correlate with the highest wage earnings but workers with only on-the-job training are among the lowest wage earners in the workforce

The demographic data available for frontline occupations is also limited However by grouping occupations by their percentage of minority workers there are some patterns within occupational roles with a high percentage or a low percentage of minority workers For example long-term care roles have the highest percentage of minority workers and the lowest wage earnings and allied health roles (some not all) have the lowest number of minority workers and are among the highest wage earners

Occupational Variation Across the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 17

1 For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

2 Further discussion on data availability can be found in the Extended Methodology section in the Appendix

3 Defi ned as short demonstration or up to 1 month of on-the-job experience or instruction

4 Defi ned as 1 to 12 months of combined on-the-job experience and instruction

Occupatio

nal V

aria

tion

|

Em

plo

ym

ent G

row

th

18 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Physical Therapist Assistants

Physical Therapist Aides

Occupational Therapist Assistants

Dental Assistants

Personal and Home Care Aides

Respiratory Therapy Technicians

Cardiovascular Technologists and Techicians

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Rehabilitation Counselors

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Medical and Public Health Social Workers

Pharmacy Technicians

Surgical Technologists

Mental Health Counselors

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Child Family and School Social Workers

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

Medical Transcriptionists

Dietetic Technicians

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Health Educators

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Pharmacy Aides

Psychiatric Aides

All Frontline Occupations

Medical Assistants

Social and Human Services Assistants

Home Health Aides

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

Recreational Therapists

Psychiatric Technicians

326

586

489

481

146

74

50

469

460

459

444

425

400

400

349

347

344

330

290

284

278

259

249

239

234

230

228

207

202

200

197

183

153

Growth Rate (in percent)

Figure 10 Occupational Employment Projections (2002ndash2012)mdashGrowth Rate

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Occupatio

nal V

aria

tion

|

Rep

lacem

ent N

eed

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 19

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Pharmacy Aides

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Psychiatric Aides

Mental Health Counselors

Medical Transcriptionists

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

Health Educators

Child Family and School Social Workers

Rehabilitation Counselors

Dental Assistants

Dietetic Technicians

Medical and Public Health Social Workers

Cardiovascular Technologists and Techicians

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Surgical Technologists

Pharmacy Technicians

Personal and Home Care Aides

Respiratory Therapy Technicians

Physical Therapist Assistants

Social and Human Services Assistants

Physical Therapist Aides

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Occupational Therapist Assistants

All Frontline Occupations

Recreational Therapists

Psychiatric Technicians

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

Medical Assistants

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Home Health Aides

342

725

688

623

239

234

214

581

519

513

496

474

462

450

449

446

425

403

397

392

374

358

345

332

318

312

284

275

272

265

265

257

244

Replacement Need (in percent)

Figure 11 Occupational Employment Projections (2002ndash2012)mdashPercent of Job Openings Due to Replacement Need

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Occupatio

nal V

aria

tion

| W

ag

e G

ain

20 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Wage Gain

All Frontline Occupations

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

Mental Health Counselors

Surgical Technologists

Health Educators

Recreational Therapists

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Pharmacy Technicians

Medical and Public Health Social Workers

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Medical Transcriptionists

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Child Family and School Social Workers

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Rehabilitation Counselors

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Physical Therapist Aides

Dietetic Technicians

Physical Therapist Assistants

Dental Assistants

Occupational Therapist Assistants

Respiratory Therapy Technicians

Social and Human Service Assistants

Psychiatric Technicians

Personal and Home Care Aides

Medical Assistants

Pharmacy Aides

Home Health Aides

Psychiatric Aides

2000Mean annual

2004Mean annual

144

231

226

205

199

178

175

168

168

166

164

161

153

148

146

142

136

134

133

129

112

112

107

106

106

105

103

102

100

85

71

60

59

$28141

$37290

$44380

$30390

$29660

$36640

$29590

$30100

$30470

$34960

$21600

$36400

$24430

$25720

$19100

$33530

$32240

$27170

$28970

$24740

$20930

$22830

$34370

$26740

$34860

$34230

$23840

$26060

$15960

$23840

$18930

$18110

$22440

$32179

$45900

$54410

$36630

$35560

$43150

$34780

$35170

$35580

$40770

$25150

$42250

$28160

$29530

$21890

$38280

$36620

$30820

$32820

$27940

$23270

$25390

$38050

$29570

$38550

$37840

$26300

$28710

$17560

$25860

$20270

$19200

$23770

Figure 12 Occupational Wage Gains 2000ndash2004

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Percentile Differential

All Frontline Occupations

Health Educators

Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Mental Health Counselors

Rehabilitation Counselors

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

Recreational Therapists

Social and Human Service Assistants

Dietetic Technicians

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Child Family and School Social Workers

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Psychiatric Technicians

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Medical and Public Health Social Workers

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Physical Therapist Assistants

Occupational Therapist Assistants

Physical Therapist Aides

Psychiatric Aides

Dental Assistants

Pharmacy Aides

Pharmacy Technicians

Respiratory Therapy Technicians

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

Medical Transcriptionists

Surgical Technologists

Medical Assistants

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Home Health Aides

Personal and Home Care Aides

$20299

$23740

$22390

$16260

$21590

$18610

$31560

$20420

$15620

$14860

$21860

$23470

$21440

$18360

$18080

$25790

$20570

$24140

$24530

$15450

$15670

$19370

$13640

$16800

$25320

$30710

$20360

$24260

$18290

$15400

$24910

$13760

$12330

$46673

$68830

$61310

$43590

$56590

$48290

$81670

$52520

$40110

$37370

$54820

$58410

$51720

$44220

$42360

$60120

$47110

$52740

$53510

$33390

$33840

$41790

$29330

$34970

$52350

$62900

$40880

$47860

$35090

$29520

$47440

$26110

$22760

10th Percentile

90th Percentile

190

174

168

162

159

159

157

157

151

151

149

141

141

134

133

129

118

118

116

116

116

115

108

107

105

101

97

92

92

90

90

85

130

Occupatio

nal V

aria

tion

| W

ag

e R

ang

es

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 21

Figure 13 Occupational Wage Range 10thndash90th Percentile

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

MEAN ANNUAL

Nursing Aides Orderlies and AttendantsHome Health Aides

Personal and Home Care Aides

Occupational Health and Safety SpecialistsRadiologic Technologists and Technicians

Cardiovascular Technologists and TechniciansRespiratory Therapy Technicians

Surgical TechnologistsMedical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Medical Records and Health Information TechniciansEmergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Medical AssistantsPharmacy Technicians

Health EducatorsMedical and Public Health Social Workers

Social and Human Service Assistants

Mental Health CounselorsMental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder CounselorsPsychiatric Technicians

Psychiatric Aides

Occupational Therapist AssistantsChild Family and School Social Workers

Physical Therapist AssistantsLicensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Recreational TherapistsRehabilitation Counselors

Dental AssistantsMedical Transcriptionists

Dietetic TechniciansPhysical Therapist Aides

Pharmacy Aides

$21890

$19200

$17560

$54410

$45900

$40770

$37840

$35560

$32820

$28160

$27940

$25860

$25150

$43150

$42250

$26300

$36630

$36620

$35170

$28710

$23770

$38550

$38280

$38050

$35580

$34780

$30820

$29570

$29530

$25390

$23270

$20270

Long-term Care Roles

Allied Health Roles

Community and Public Health Roles

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles

All Other Frontline Roles

lt$25900$26000ndash 30900

$31000ndash 40900

$41000ndash 50000+

OCCUPATIONAL ROLES

Occupatio

nal V

aria

tion

| W

ag

e C

om

paris

ons

22 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 14 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Occupational Roles

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

MEAN ANNUAL

Radiologic Technologists and TechniciansOccupational Health and Safety Specialists

Mental Health Counselors

Surgical TechnologistsHealth Educators

Recreational TherapistsSubstance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational NursesCardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Pharmacy TechniciansMedical and Public Health Social Workers

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Medical TranscriptionistsNursing Aides Orderlies and AttendantsChild Family and School Social Workers

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social WorkersRehabilitation Counselors

Medical and Clinical Laboratory TechniciansEmergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Dietetic TechniciansPhysical Therapist Aides

Physical Therapist AssistantsOccupational Therapist Assistants

Dental AssistantsRespiratory Therapy Technicians

Social and Human Service AssistantsPsychiatric Technicians

Personal and Home Care Aides

Medical AssistantsPharmacy Aides

Home Health AidesPsychiatric Aides

$45900

$54410

$36630

$35560

$43150

$34780

$35170

$35580

$40770

$25150

$42250

$28160

$29530

$21890

$38280

$36620

$30820

$32820

$27940

$25390

$23270

$38050

$38550

$29570

$37840

$26300

$28710

$17560

$25860

$20270

$19200

$23770

20ndash25

15ndash20

10ndash15

5ndash10

lt$25900$26000- 30900

$31000- 40900

$41000- 50000+

PERCENT WAGE GAIN 2000ndash2004

Occupatio

nal V

aria

tion

| W

ag

e C

om

paris

ons

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 23

Figure 15 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Percent Wage Gain Across Occupations

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Occupatio

nal V

aria

tion

| W

ag

e C

om

paris

ons

24 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

MEAN ANNUAL

Health EducatorsCardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Emergency Medical Technicians and ParamedicsMental Health CounselorsRehabilitation Counselors

Occupational Health and Safety SpecialistsRecreational Therapists

Social and Human Service AssistantsDietetic Technicians

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Child Family and School Social WorkersSubstance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Psychiatric TechniciansMedical Records and Health Information Technicians

Medical and Public Health Social Workers

Medical and Clinical Laboratory TechniciansPhysical Therapist Assistants

Occupational Therapist AssistantsPhysical Therapist Aides

Psychiatric AidesDental AssistantsPharmacy Aides

Pharmacy TechniciansRespiratory Therapy Technicians

Radiologic Technologists and TechniciansMedical Transcriptionists

Surgical TechnologistsMedical Assistants

Nursing Aides Orderlies and AttendantsLicensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Home Health AidesPersonal and Home Care Aides

$43150

$40770

$27940

$36630

$30820

$54410

$34780

$26300

$25390

$36620

$38280

$35170

$28710

$28160

$42250

$32820

$38050

$38550

$23270

$23770

$29570

$20270

$25150

$37840

$45900

$29530

$35560

$25860

$21890

$35580

$19200

$17560

150ndash180

130ndash150

110ndash130

80ndash110

lt$25900$26000ndash 30900

$31000ndash 40900

$41000ndash 50000+

WAGE DIFFERENTIAL 10ndash90 PERCENTILE

Figure 16 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Wage Earnings Range (10thndash90th percentile)

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Occupatio

nal V

aria

tion

| W

ag

e C

om

paris

ons

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 25

Figure 17 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Education Training Levels

MEAN ANNUAL

Home Health AidesNursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Psychiatric AidesPhysical Therapist Aides

Pharmacy AidesPersonal and Home Care Aides

Social and Human Service AssistantsDietetic Technicians

Pharmacy TechniciansPsychiatric Technicians

Dental AssistantsMedical Assistants

Emergency Medical Technicians and ParamedicsRespiratory Therapy Technicians

Surgical TechnologistsLicensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Medical Transcriptionists

Medical and Clinical Laboratory TechniciansCardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Radiologic Technologists and TechniciansMedical Records and Health Information Technicians

Occupational Therapist AssistantsPhysical Therapist Assistants

Child Family and School Social WorkersMedical and Public Health Social Workers

Recreational TherapistsOccupational Health and Safety Specialists

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder CounselorsMental Health CounselorsRehabilitation Counselors

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social WorkersHealth Educators

$19200

$21890

$23770

$23270

$20270

$17560

$26300

$25390

$25150

$28710

$29570

$25860

$27940

$37840

$35560

$35580

$29530

$32820

$40770

$45900

$28160

$38550

$38050

$38280

$42250

$34780

$54410

$35170

$36630

$30820

$36620

$43150

Short-term On-the-job Training

Moderate-term On-the-job Training

Postsecondary Vocational Award

Associate Degree

Bachelorrsquos Degree

lt$25900$26000ndash 30900

$31000ndash 40900

$41000ndash 50000+

Masterrsquos Degree

EDUCATIONAL LEVEL

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

MEAN ANNUAL

Emergency Medical Technicians and ParamedicsCardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

Physical Therapist AidesPharmacy Technicians

Dietetic TechniciansPsychiatric Technicians

Dental AssistantsSurgical Technologists

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational NursesRespiratory Therapy Technicians

Physical Therapist Assistants

Social and Human Service AssistantsMedical Records and Health Information Technicians

Rehabilitation CounselorsMedical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder CounselorsMental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Mental Health CounselorsChild Family and School Social Workers

Medical and Public Health Social WorkersHealth Educators

Personal and Home Care AidesPharmacy Aides

Medical AssistantsMedical Transcriptionists

Home Health AidesNursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Psychiatric Aides

Recreational TherapistsOccupational Therapist Assistants

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

$27940

$40770

$45900

$23270

$25150

$25390

$28710

$29570

$35560

$35580

$37840

$38050

$26300

$28160

$30820

$32820

$35170

$36620

$36630

$38280

$42250

$43150

$17560

$20270

$25860

$29530

$19200

$21890

$23770

$34780

$38550

$54410

lt20

20ndash30

30ndash40

40ndash50

50ndash60

lt$25900$26000ndash 30900

$31000ndash 40900

$41000ndash 50000+

No demographic data available

PERCENTAGE NON-WHITE WORKERS (AFRICAN AMERICAN HISPANIC ASIAN)

Occupatio

nal V

aria

tion

| W

ag

e C

om

paris

ons

26 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 18 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Percent of Minority Workers Within Occupations

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Occupational Profi les

The following section provides in-depth occupational profi les for each of the 32 occupations in the frontline workforce In particular they show variations in per capita employment growth outlook and wage outlook across states for each occupation

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 27

Allied Health RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles28

Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians 29

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics 32

Medical Assistants 35

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians 38

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians 41

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists 44

Pharmacy Technicians 47

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians 50

Respiratory Therapy Technicians 53

Surgical Technologists 56

Community and Public Health RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles 59

Health Educators 60

Medical and Public Health Social Workers 63

Social and Human Services Assistants 66

Long-term Care RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles 69

Home Health Aides 70

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants 73

Personal and Home Care Aides 76

Mental Health and Substance Abuse RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles 79

Mental Health Counselors 80

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers 83

Psychiatric Aides 86

Psychiatric Technicians 89

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors 92

Other Frontline Occupational RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles 95

Child Family and School Social Workers 96

Dental Assistants 99

Dietetic Technicians 102

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses 105

Medical Transcriptionists 108

Occupational Therapist Assistants 111

Pharmacy Aides 114

Physical Therapist Aides 117

Physical Therapist Assistants 120

Recreational Therapists 123

Rehabilitation Counselors 126

Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Cardiac catheterization technologists

Cardiograph operators

Cardiographers

Cardiology technologists

Cardiopulmonary technologists

Cardiovascular technologists

Echocardiographers

Electrocardiograph operators

Pulmonary function technologists

Radiographers

Technicians EKG

Technicians cardiac monitor

Technicians cardiology

Technicians cardiopulmonary

Technicians cardiovascular

Technicians electrocardigraphic

Technicians holter scanning

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Ambulance driver-paramedics

EMT (emergency medical technicians)

Paramedics

Technicians EMT

Technicians emergency medical

Technicians medical emergency

Medical Assistants Assistants autopsy

Assistants chiropracticchiropractor

Assistants clinic

Assistants doctor other specifi ed or

ns less than associate degree

Assistants hospital clinic

Assistants medical

Assistants ophthalmic

Assistants optometric

Assistants orthopedic

Assistants physician other specifi ed or

ns less than associate degree

Assistants podiatric

Assistants podiatrist

Helpers doctor

Morgue attendants

Ocular care aides

Ophthalmic aides

Optometric aides

Orthopedic cast specialists

Physicianrsquos aides

Visual training aides

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Assistants laboratory ns

Blood typers

Histologic aides

Laboratory workers ns

Technicians ns

Technicians blood or blood bank

Technicians clinical laboratory

Technicians cytogenetic

Technicians hematology

Technicians hemodialysis

Technicians histologic

Technicians histopathology

Technicians laboratory ns

Technicians medical ns

Technicians medical laboratory

Technicians microbiology

Technicians pathological

Technicians serology

Technicians tissue

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Assistants medical record

Disability raters

Health information specialists

Historians

Library historians

Medical care evaluation specialists

Medical record clerks

Medical record consultants

Medical record specialists

Medical records ns

Severity of illness coordinators

Technicians health record

Technicians medical record

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

Adjustment examiners

Chiefs of safety and protection

Dental rating specialists

Environmental health sanitarians

Environmental health technologists

Environmental protection offi cers

Hazardous waste management

specialists

Health offi cers fi eld

Health sanitarians

Industrial hygienists

Industrial safety-and-health specialists

Inspectors ns

Inspectors environmental protection

Inspectors health

Inspectors industrial waste

Inspectors occupational safety and health

Inspectors quarantine

Inspectors rabies

Inspectors safety analysis or research

Inspectors safety work environment

Inspectors sanitarian

Inspectors sanitary

Inspectors sanitation

Inspectors tick

Inspectors water

Medical safety directors

Occupational health and safety

specialists

Public health service offi cers

Radiation protection specialists

Radiological health specialists

Sanitarians

Sanitation offi cers

Venereal disease investigators

Pharmacy Technicians Technicians pharmacist

Technicians pharmacy

Technicians pharmacy laboratory

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

CAT scanner operators

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

technologists

Radiologic technologists

Skiagraphers

Technicians MRI

(magnetic resonance imaging)

Technicians X ray

Technicians radiologic

Technicians radiological health

X ray operators

Respiratory Therapy TechniciansTechnicians oxygen equipment

Technicians oxygen therapy

Technicians respiratory therapy

Surgical Technologists

Surgical orderlies

Surgical technicians

Technicians operating room

Technicians scrub

Technicians surgical

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s

28 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Allied Health RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles

ns = not specifi ed

Allied Health Roles

Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 29

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Card

iovascula

r Technolo

gis

ts a

nd

Technic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 29

Additional Findings

bull Cardiovascular technologists can deliver their services to patients in any medical setting that provides the necessary supervision of a doctor of medicine or osteopathy (American Medical Association 2005)

bull A vast majority of cardiovascular technologists and technicians work in medical and surgical hospitals while others work in offi ces of physicians and federal government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 43000 2265 Average Annual Openings2012 58000

35 Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 642 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 358 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 19 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

1914ndash37901545ndash18941192ndash1505499ndash1178Data not available

(Median = 1545)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

NH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

VT

WY

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Card

iovascula

r Technolo

gis

ts a

nd

Technic

ians

30 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 20 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

MS

NC

NHWI

AZ

UT

WA

DC

PA

KY

High

IdahoNevadaArizonaColoradoUtah

598

583

572

566

519

Low

WashingtonAlabamaSouth CarolinaPennsylvaniaDistrict of Columbia

209

205

174

165

107

Growth Rate

High

District of ColumbiaPennsylvaniaWashingtonUtahKentucky

667

536

533

500

469

Low

North CarolinaMississippiNew HampshireWisconsinArizona

286

267

250

250

237

Replacement Need (in percent)

NV

ID

UTCO

AZ

AL

WA

PA

HI

HI

DC

SC

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Card

iovascula

r Technolo

gis

ts a

nd

Technic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 31

Figure 21 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

$42

710

$39

330

$42

430

$35

680

$33

720

$33

480

$31

940

$34

300

$33

820

$30

620

428 409 366 332 324

37 36

-13 -14

Maine Alabama Nevada Indiana North Dakota

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

$44

400

$31

150

$29

880

$32

170

$31

940

Connecticut Oklahoma Montana Kentucky South Carolina

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$43

570

$29

050

$38

640

$35

420

$39

450

-56

Allied Health Roles

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Em

erg

ency M

ed

ical Te

chnic

ians a

nd

Para

med

ics

32 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull A vast majority of employed workers in this category are non-Hispanic White (86) a recognized cultural competency issue for the profession given that the current demographic profi le of the US population identifi es over 32 of Americans as part of an ethnic minority (Committee on the Future of Emergency Care in the United States Health System 2006)

bull In rural areas training for EMTs and paramedics is increasingly offered through distance learning courses recent data show a three-fold increase between 2000 and 2004 of students taking an entire program using distance education resources (National Rural Health Association 2005)

bull Emergency medical technicians and paramedics work primarily in ambulatory health care services local government institutions and medical and surgical hospitals (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 179000 7987 Average Annual Openings2012 238000

33 Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 743 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 257 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 22 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

8066ndash123976536ndash80105120ndash64052253ndash5013

(Median = 6536)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Em

erg

ency M

ed

ical Te

chnic

ians a

nd

Para

med

ics

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 33

Figure 23 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

MN

AZNM

VA

VT

DC

OR

High

ArizonaColoradoNevadaNew MexicoUtah

1086

486

443

402

389

Low

MassachusettsOregonConnecticutMichiganDistrict of Columbia

161

159

129

127

00

High

District of ColumbiaMassachusettsOregonWyomingHawaii

1000

608

600

600

500

Low

VirginiaVermontMinnesotaNew MexicoArizona

238

235

228

180

97

NV

UTCO

AZ NM

CTMI

OR

HI

HI

DC

MA

MA

WY

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Em

erg

ency M

ed

ical Te

chnic

ians a

nd

Para

med

ics

34 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 24 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

$26

960

$33

290

$37

260

$25

060

$35

960

$30

620

$38

240

$41

360

$32

510

$36

750

457 432 418 413 384

04

-21-14

04

North Dakota Rhode Island Maryland Wyoming Hawaii

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

$30

470

$35

240

$31

940

$41

980

$36

980

West Virginia Wisconsin Alabama California Oregon

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$19

650

$22

380

$21

150

$27

460

$29

260

-72 -175

Allied Health Roles

Medical Assistants

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical A

ssis

tants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 35

Additional Findings

bull In 2004 medical assistants were reported among the top fi ve fastest-growing occupations (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment Statistics 2004)

bull Currently there is no generalized state or national licensure for medical assistants although many employers prefer or require that employees be certifi ed with the American Association of Medical Assistants Certifi ed Medical Assistant (CMA) credential

bull A majority of medical assistants work in offi ces of physicians while others work in medical and surgical hospitals and offi ces of other health practitioners (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 365000 28226 Average Annual Openings2012 579000

59 Medical Assistants Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 761 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 239 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 25 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

14305ndash2908012025ndash142958992ndash116512204ndash8370

(Median = 12025)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical A

ssis

tants

36 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 26 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

AZAR

UT

ID

DC

OR

NE

CO

AK

WA

High

IdahoArizonaWyomingArkansasUtah

810

785

727

718

694

Low

North DakotaNebraskaDistrict of ColumbiaOregonWashington

383

312

312

238

203

High

OregonWashingtonColoradoAlaskaNebraska

552

494

466

375

372

Low

UtahArkansasWyomingArizonaIdaho

207

202

200

191

189

UT

ID

WY

ARAZ

OR

WA

ND

NE

HI

HI

DC

WY

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical A

ssis

tants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 37

Figure 27 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

16172005

Idaho Delaware Rhode Island Washington New Mexico

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Connecticut North Dakota New York Alaska Vermont

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$28

430

$27

670

$26

650

$29

870

$24

440

$32

770

$39

050

$38

240

$40

860

$33

000

295 283 211 190 189

-35

$44

400

$30

620

$43

590

$42

170

$34

650

$29

920

$21

840

$27

160

$31

370

$26

250

Allied Health Roles

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical a

nd

Clin

ical L

ab

ora

tory

Technic

ians

38 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull Although salaries for medical and clinical laboratory technicians have shown moderate gains over time they are not equivalent to other health professions Many laboratory technicians report feeling overworked and underpaid and end up leaving to become physicianrsquos assistants (Koele 2004)

bull Due to closures of many hospital-based training programs the pipeline to employment for laboratory technicians has deteriorated though recent studies show renewed student interest and local efforts to restart or build new training programs to meet workforce demand (National Center for Health Workforce Analysis 2005)

bull A majority of medical and clinical laboratory technicians work in medical and surgical hospitals while others work in medical and diagnostic laboratories and offi ces of physicians (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 147000 6841 Average Annual Openings2012 176000

20 Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 419 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 581 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 28 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

5985ndash92625089ndash58634096ndash49431803ndash4059

(Median = 5089)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical a

nd

Clin

ical L

ab

ora

tory

Technic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 39

Figure 29 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

AZ

UTNV

ID

DC

SC

PA

High

ArizonaUtahIdahoNevadaColorado

528

375

370

329

296

Low

New YorkSouth CarolinaConnecticutPennsylvaniaDistrict of Columbia

84

79

69

61

00

High

District of ColumbiaHawaiiPennsylvaniaSouth CarolinaConnecticut

1000

1000

817

800

775

Low

UtahIdahoNevadaArizonaNorth Dakota

444

421

375

338

267

UT

ID

NV

CO

AZ

NY

PA

SC

HI

HI

DC

CT

ND

CT

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical a

nd

Clin

ical L

ab

ora

tory

Technic

ians

40 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 30 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Illinois Louisiana Georgia New Hampshire Virginia

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Connecticut Delaware New Mexico Utah Nevada

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

01

2639

-61

$37

200

$29

230

$30

050

$41

100

$31

550

$38

580

$31

230

$35

840

$37

450

$39

130

293 238 231 219 204

-63

$44

400

$39

050

$33

000

$34

110

$34

300

$37

970

$29

610

$33

810

$23

460

$32

100

Allied Health Roles

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical R

ecord

s a

nd

Health

Info

rmatio

n Te

chnic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 41

Additional Findings

bull In 2002 the American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA) identifi ed educational capacity as a key issue for this occupational group They estimate that 6000 new medical records and health information specialists are needed annually but only 2000 graduate from training programs each year

bull The median age is high at 46 a strong indication of potential retirement replacement problems (American Health Information Management Association 2002)

bull Medical records and health information technicians work primarily in medical and surgical hospitals and offi ces of physicians as well as nursing care facilities and outpatient care centers (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 147000 8974 Average Annual Openings2012 216000

47 Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 766 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 234 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 31 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

6727ndash157105512ndash65334765ndash55012798ndash4614

(Median = 5512)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical R

ecord

s a

nd

Health

Info

rmatio

n Te

chnic

ians

42 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 32 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

AZ

AK

GA

NV

ID

DC

WA

OR

CO

High

ArizonaNevadaIdahoGeorgiaColorado

731

670

628

599

591

Low

PennsylvaniaOregonNew HampshireDistrict of ColumbiaWashington

266

249

245

201

192

High

OregonNew HamshireColoradoWashingtonDistrict of Columbia

517

473

466

436

429

Low

NevadaGeorgiaIdahoArizonaAlaska

189

186

180

164

50

ID

NV

CO

GA

AZ

WA

NH

NH

OR

PA

HI

HI

DC

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical R

ecord

s a

nd

Health

Info

rmatio

n Te

chnic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 43

Figure 33 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

District of Columbia New Jersey Nevada Wisconsin Virginia

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Arizona Alaska Louisiana Hawaii Vermont

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-073479

-60

$35

890

$37

350

$31

170

$28

130

$28

990

$57

980

$43

040

$34

300

$35

240

$39

130

322 305 279 257 236

-64

$34

880

$42

170

$31

230

$36

750

$34

650

$27

200

$31

470

$22

440

$31

100

$28

000

Allied Health Roles

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Occup

atio

nal H

ealth

and

Safe

ty S

pecia

lists

44 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull Reports show there is a growing trend toward advanced degrees for occupational health and safety specialists (Brauer 2004)

bull While there are no cited shortages or high rates of vacancy for this occupation there are indications of layoffs by manufacturing companies due to downsizing and outsourcing of their safety personnel (Adams et al 2004)

bull Occupational health and safety specialists work in a variety of settings including local government institutions residential mental health facilities state government institutions and medical and surgical hospitals (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 41000 1442 Average Annual Openings2012 47000

15 Occupational Health and Safety Specialists Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 377 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 623 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 34 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

1942ndash37651514ndash19331209ndash1495656ndash1167Data not available

(Median = 1505)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

NM

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Occup

atio

nal H

ealth

and

Safe

ty S

pecia

lists

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 45

Figure 35 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

ID

CO

IA

OK

NC

DC

ND

UT

TN

WV

High

NevadaIdahoUtahArizonaCalifornia

290

268

206

205

200

Low

PennsylvaniaConnecticutDistrict of ColumbiaSouth CarolinaWest Virginia

60

58

37

13

07

High

North DakotaTennesseeUtahWest VirginiaConnecticut

1000

1000

1000

857

800

Low

IdahoIowaNorth CarolinaOklahomaColorado

500

500

500

500

440

ID

NV

UTCA

AZ

PA

SC

WV

HI

HI

DC

CT

CT

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Occup

atio

nal H

ealth

and

Safe

ty S

pecia

lists

46 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 36 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Mississippi Arkansas District of Columbia Illinois Wisconsin

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

North Dakota Utah Alabama Alaska Oklahoma

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$48

580

$48

460

$76

790

$63

010

$51

570

$28

630

$29

560

$57

980

$38

580

$35

240

492 452 429 426 421

-12

1276

-36 -40

$30

620

$34

110

$31

940

$42

170

$31

150

$48

760

$52

760

$47

860

$69

920

$48

950

Allied Health Roles

Pharmacy Technicians

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Pharm

acy Te

chnic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 47

Additional Findings

bull Since its inception in 1995 the Pharmacy Technician Certifi cation Board (PTCB) has certifi ed 231745 pharmacy technicians (2005)

bull Unlike most other frontline occupations pharmacy technicians work primarily in retail settings such as health and personal care stores and grocery stores while others work in medical and surgical hospitals (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 211000 8819 Average Annual Openings2012 271000

28 Pharmacy Technicians Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 688 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 312 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 37 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

8297ndash101047614ndash81336469ndash75674407ndash6245

(Median = 7614)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Pharm

acy Te

chnic

ians

48 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 38 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

CO

WA

OR

DC

UT

ID

NV

AZ

High

NevadaAlaskaUtahColoradoIdaho

624

583

554

515

506

Low

PennsylvaniaNew YorkWashingtonRhode IslandDistrict of Columbia

191

190

179

179

50

High

District of ColumbiaMassachusettsOregonColoradoWashington

750

519

505

467

423

Low

IdahoArizonaNevadaUtahWyoming

217

207

176

167

00

ID

NV

AK

UTCO

PA

NY

WA

HI

HI

DC

RI

MA

WY

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Pharm

acy Te

chnic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 49

Figure 39 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

District of Columbia Connecticut Alabama Arizona Maine

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Kentucky Pennsylvania California Vermont Delaware

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

102 99 79 76 67

$32

170

$35

970

$41

980

$34

650

$39

050

$22

030

$21

300

$33

090

$22

760

$20

270

$31

190

$28

000

$21

520

$26

350

$23

870

$57

980

$44

400

$31

940

$34

880

$33

480

320 272 259 253 251

Allied Health Roles

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Rad

iolo

gic

Technolo

gis

ts a

nd

Technic

ians

50 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull According to a 2003 report by the American Society of Radiologic Technologists in addition to an aging workforce the fi eld of radiologic technology has fewer people entering the profession as it competes with careers that are perceived to be more rewarding and less stressful

bull One of the priorities of the American Society of Radiologic Technologists (2004) is passage of the Consumer Assurance of Radiologic Excellence (CARE) Act which has garnered support in Congress to establish nationwide educational and credentialing standards for medical imaging and radiation therapy personnel

bull A majority of radiologic technologists and technicians work in either medical and surgical hospitals or offi ces of physicians while others work in medical and diagnostic laboratories (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 174000 7246 Average Annual Openings2012 214000

48 Radiologic Technologists and Technicians Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 551 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 449 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 40 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

7246ndash104546299ndash71895262ndash62634116ndash5208

(Median = 6299)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Rad

iolo

gic

Technolo

gis

ts a

nd

Technic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 51

Figure 41 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due toReplacement Need

SC

PA

KY

IL

DC

AK

ID

NV

AZ

High

ArizonaIdahoNevadaUtahColorado

507

460

416

392

364

Low

KentuckyIllinoisSouth CarolinaPennsylvaniaDistrict of Columbia

122

122

70

64

26

High

District of ColumbiaSouth CarolinaPennsylvaniaIllinoisKentucky

833

750

743

608

604

Low

NevadaIdahoArizonaAlaskaWyoming

304

294

270

100

00

ID

NV

UT

AZ

CO

PA

SC

IL

KY

HI

HI

DC

WY

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Rad

iolo

gic

Technolo

gis

ts a

nd

Technic

ians

52 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 42 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Missouri Maine Massachusetts Montana Louisiana

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

South Carolina Alabama Delaware North Dakota Tennessee

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$54

220

$45

960

$57

070

$41

150

$41

210

$34

460

$33

480

$45

290

$29

880

$31

230

606 363 353 352 325

152 143 54 37

-07

-07

$31

940

$31

940

$39

050

$30

620

$32

730

$42

650

$38

650

$42

260

$35

880

$41

260

Allied Health Roles

Respiratory Therapy Technicians

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Resp

irato

ry T

hera

py Te

chnic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 53

Additional Findings

bull The vacancy rate for respiratory care professionals in hospitals increased from 596 percent in 2000 to 865 percent in 2005 This translates to approximately 11695 vacant full-time positions in 2005 (American Association for Respiratory Care 2006)

bull Respiratory therapy technicians work closely with respiratory therapists and almost exclusively in medical and surgical hospitals with a small percentage working in offi ces of physicians or other health practitioners (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 25000 1249 Average Annual Openings2012 35000

40 Respiratory Therapy Technicians Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 725 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 275 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 43 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

1287ndash2977965ndash1245665ndash937272ndash647Data not available

(Median = 965)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VT

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

WY

SDNH

ND

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Resp

irato

ry T

hera

py Te

chnic

ians

54 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 44 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

OR

CO

IA PA

DC

UT

ID

NV

AZ

MS

High

AlaskaColoradoIdahoNevadaUtah

731

579

578

533

533

Low

WashingtonSouth CarolinaAlabamaPennsylvaniaDistrict of Columbia

182

179

167

164

161

High

OregonIowaColoradoMassachusettsPennsylvania

550

500

476

472

455

Low

MissisippiIdahoArizonaNevadaUtah

214

211

155

100

00

ID

NV

AK

UTCO

PA

SC

AL

NY

WA

HI

HI

DC

MA

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Resp

irato

ry T

hera

py Te

chnic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 55

Figure 45 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Idaho Colorado Maine Illinois Pennsylvania

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

South Carolina District of Columbia Montana Maryland Wyoming

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$41

140

$39

460

$40

080

$38

420

$38

740

$32

770

$39

820

$33

480

$38

580

$35

970

513 419 343 338 300

-06 -06 -78 -117 -141

$31

940

$57

980

$29

880

$41

360

$32

510

$35

150

$36

960

$31

520

$51

860

$31

010

Allied Health Roles

Surgical Technologists

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Surg

ical Te

chnolo

gis

ts

56 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull According to the Association of Surgical Technologists in 2006 many employers prefer to hire graduates from two-year associate degree programs accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP)

bull The Association of Surgical Technologists has developed recommended Clinical Ladders to provide a long-term occupational strategy to decrease attrition increase skill levels and enhance quality patient surgical care (2006)

bull A vast majority of surgical technologists work in medical and surgical hospitals while others work in offi ces of physicians or dentists (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 72000 2959 Average Annual Openings2012 92000

28 Surgical Technologists Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 682 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 318 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 46 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

3143ndash53312591ndash31242090ndash24941202ndash2081Data not available

(Median = 2591)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

WY

SDNH

VT

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Surg

ical Te

chnolo

gis

ts

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 57

Figure 47 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

OR

AK

SC

PA

DC

NHID

NV

AZ

MS

High

ArizonaColoradoNevadaIdahoUtah

637

500

492

477

472

Low

New YorkWyomingPennsylvaniaSouth CarolinaDistrict of Columbia

187

167

115

114

63

High

District of ColumbiaAlaskaSouth CarolinaOregonPennsylvania

667

600

575

533

529

Low

MissisippiNew HampshireIdahoNevadaArizona

245

231

214

200

167

ID

NV

AZ

UTCO

PA

SC

NY

WY

HI

HI

DC

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Surg

ical Te

chnolo

gis

ts

58 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 48 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Wisconsin Georgia Maine Montana Arizona

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Oklahoma District of Columbia Utah Hawaii Idaho

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$39

700

$31

320

$34

670

$37

240

$40

830

$35

240

$35

840

$33

480

$29

880

$34

880

322 307 304 297 287

-03 -13

77 66 38$31

150

$57

980

$34

110

$36

750

$32

770

$28

500

$35

390

$29

570

$34

270

$35

910

Health Educators Health educators

Public health advisors

Public health analysts

Public health educators

Public health instructors

Public health representatives

Public health specialists

Public health technologists

Medical and Public Health Social Workers

Bereavement counselors

Geriatric social workers

Group social workers

Health care social workers

Home health care social workers

Hospice social workers

Hospital social workers

Long term care social workers

Medical case workers

Medical social consultants

Medical social workers

Neonatal social workers

Nephrology social workers

Nursing home social workers

Older adult social work specialists

Oncology social workers

Outreach and education social workers

Pediatric social workers

Perinatal social workers

Public health social workers

Public welfare workers

Renal social workers

Social and Human Service Assistants

Aides welfare

Assistants clinical

Assistants human services

Assistants social services

Boyrsquos advisors counselors or workers

Case aides

Case work aides

Childrenrsquos aides

Clerical aides

Clinical social work aides

Community aides

Community coordinators

Community development aides

Community development workers

Community organization aides

Community service workers

Counseling aides

Family service aides

Field representatives

Field workers

Group workers

Head workers

Home visitors

House visitors

Human services workers

Management aides

Neighborhood aides

Neighborhood coordinators

Neighborhood workers

Promotores

Outreach workers

Red cross workers

Service aides

Social contact workers

Social service workers

Technicians human service

Travelersrsquo aid workers

Visitors

Welfare service aides

Welfare visitors

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 59

Community and Public Health Roles Frontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles

Community and Public Health Roles

Health Educators

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Health

Ed

ucato

rs

60 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull The average age of the total public health workforce of which health educators are a key element is estimated at 47 indicating a looming retirement problem (Mahan and Malecki 2004)

bull The health educator occupational group is noted for persistent shortages and cited as a top priority within the public health infrastructure (Northwest Center for Public Health Practice University of Washington 2002)

bull Health educators work in a variety of settings including medical and surgical hospitals local government institutions individual and family services and state government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 45000 1759 Average Annual Openings2012 54000

20 Health Educators Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 554 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 446 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 49 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

2048ndash66941482ndash20111041ndash14211414ndash1019Data not available

(Median = 1482)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

WY

SDNH

VT

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Health

Ed

ucato

rs

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 61

Figure 50 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

MINY

WV DC

NV

SD

NC

AL

High

UtahNevadaColoradoArizonaFlorida

464

450

333

315

298

Low

New YorkRhode IslandMichiganSouth CarolinaDistrict of Columbia

115

112

89

59

24

High

District of ColumbiaMichiganRhode IslandWest VirginiaNew York

875

667

667

667

600

Low

AlabamaNorth CarolinaSouth DakotaConnecticutNevada

333

333

333

300

100

FL

NV

AZ

UTCO

MI

SC

NY

HI

HI

DC

RI

RICT

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Health

Ed

ucato

rs

62 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 51 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Tennessee Connecticut Oregon New Hampshire Georgia

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

New Jersey Nevada Mississippi West Virgina Arizona

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$53

100

$49

190

$44

400

$42

320

$50

460

$32

730

$44

400

$36

980

$37

450

$35

840

743 375 357 311 311

-123 -126

01

-19-41

$43

040

$34

300

$28

630

$30

470

$34

880

$46

310

$41

380

$34

470

$25

140

$39

650

Community and Public Health Roles

Medical and Public Health Social Workers

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical a

nd

Pub

lic H

ealth

Socia

l Work

ers

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 63

Additional Findings

bull A national study indicates that 80 of the licensed social worker respondents held a masterrsquos degree in social work 12 reported a bachelorrsquos as their highest attained social work degree (National Association of Social Workers 2005)

bull The same study showed that nearly 62 of the licensed social work profession is over age 45 and 12 report plans to leave the workforce in the next 2 years (National Association of Social Workers 2005)

bull Medical and public health social workers work primarily in medical and surgical hospitals along with individual and family services nursing care facilities local government institutions and home health care services (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 107000 4906 Average Annual Openings2012 138000

29 Medical and Public Health Social Workers Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 626 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 374 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 52 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

4736ndash92583504ndash47292781ndash34911620ndash2746

(Median = 3504)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical a

nd

Pub

lic H

ealth

Socia

l Work

ers

64 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 53 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

WA

AK

AL

PA

DC

ID

UT

AZ

KS

High

ArizonaIdahoNevadaUtahNew Hampshire

551

489

453

452

450

Low

WashingtonNebraskaAlabamaPennsylvaniaDistrict of Columbia

196

196

161

149

50

High

District of ColumbiaWyomingPennsylvaniaAlabamaWashington

727

600

535

526

469

Low

IdahoUtahKansasArizonaAlaska

273

250

238

235

100

ID

NV

AZ

UT

NH

PANE

AL

WA

HI

HI

DC

WY

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical a

nd

Pub

lic H

ealth

Socia

l Work

ers

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 65

Figure 54 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Tennessee Delaware Nebraska Hawaii Illinois

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Alabama North Carolina Missouri South Carolina Mississippi

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$44

490

$47

620

$36

710

$54

710

$39

680

$32

730

$39

050

$33

060

$36

750

$38

580

445 410 367 361 346

69 6429

-23 -72

$31

940

$34

120

$34

460

$31

940

$28

630

$32

980

$38

520

$36

970

$33

760

$31

770

Community and Public Health Roles

Social and Human Services Assistants

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Socia

l and

Hum

an S

erv

ices A

ssis

tants

66 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull There is a growing awareness that social and human services assistants are very effective at linking different communities and agencies and can be powerful change agents (Keane et al 2004)

bull Estimated turnover among social and human services assistants is high especially for those without formal academic preparation Some studies cite annual attrition rates as high as 77 (Bhattacharyya et al 2001)

bull Social and human services assistants work in a variety of settings including individual and family services state government institutions local government institutions and residential mental health facilities (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 305000 20245 Average Annual Openings2012 454000

49 Social and Human Services Assistants Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 735 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 265 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 55 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

18933ndash4563912705ndash182137872ndash115593311ndash7803

(Median = 12705)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Socia

l and

Hum

an S

erv

ices A

ssis

tants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 67

Figure 56 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

WA

ND

OR

DC

IDSD

UT

AZ

NV

High

IdahoNevadaArizonaUtahMaine

767

708

644

636

630

Low

MississippiNorth DakotaDistrict of ColumbiaWashingtonOregon

285

257

237

196

154

High

OregonWashingtonColoradoDistrict of ColumbiaNorth Dakota

520

489

463

430

414

Low

South DakotaArizonaNevadaUtahIdaho

217

216

206

206

187

ID

NV

AZ

UT

MEND

MS

WA

OR

HI

HI

DC

CO

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Socia

l and

Hum

an S

erv

ices A

ssis

tants

68 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 57 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Louisiana Connecticut Michigan Arizona Massachusetts

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

North Dakota Iowa Tennessee Washington Texas

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$28

750

$37

220

$31

740

$29

050

$30

060

$31

230

$44

400

$39

590

$34

880

$45

290

597 300 294 265 199

33 32 20

-39 -184

$30

620

$31

990

$32

730

$40

860

$35

310

$21

490

$24

320

$24

920

$23

690

$18

450

Home Health Aides Home attendants

Home health aides

Nursersquos companions

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Aides ns

Assistants ns

Assistants certifi ed nursing

Assistants nurse

Assistants nursing

Assistants operating room

Attendant nurses

Baby nurses

Birth attendants

CNA (certifi ed nursing assistants)

CNA activity ns

CNA with medical or nursing

Cart attendants

Doulas

First aid attendants

First aid nurses

Gericare aides

Health aides

Health care aides

Helpers ns

Helpers ward

Hospice aides

Hospice entrance attendants

Hospital aides

Hospital attendants

Hospital corpsmen

Hospital orderlies

Infi rmary attendants

Institutional aides

Medical aides

Medical attendants

Medication aides

Midwives

New patient escorts

Nurses other specifi ed or ns

less than high school diploma

Nurse sitters

Nursersquos aides

Nursery attendants

Nursing aides

Operating room orderlies

Orderlies

Patient care excluding nursing

Patient escorts

Patient sitters

Patient sitters cleaning

Patient transporters

Student nurses

Surgical aides

Teacher orderlies

Technicians aides

Technicians certifi ed medication

Technicians nurse less than associate

degree

Technicians nursery

Trained attendants

Transporters

Ward aides

Ward attendants

Personal and Home Care AidesAides ns

Blind aides

Blind escorts

Caregivers

Caretakers family member

Companions

Convalescent sitters

Direct care staffers

Geriatric aides

Guardian family members

Home care aides

Homemakers

Nutrition aides

Personal attendants

Sitters excluding animal or child care

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 69

Long-Term Care RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles

ns = not specifi ed

Additional Findings

bull Within the frontline workforce as presented in this chartbook long-term care employees (of which home health aides are a subset) comprise the largest percentage of ethnic minority workers with half identifi ed as an ethnic minority 35 African American and 13 Latino (Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Population Survey 2005)

bull While turnover of long-term-care workers has been understood to be a serious problem only a few studies have thoroughly identifi ed the actual per worker costs of turnover with some researchers indicating further studies are needed to better inform and address turnover issues (Seavey 2004)

bull Home health aides work primarily in home health care services residential mental health facilities community care facilities for the elderly and individual and family services (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Long-term Care Roles

Home Health Aides

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 580000 35497 Average Annual Openings2012 859000

48 Home Health Aides Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 786 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 214 Replacements

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Hom

e H

ealth

Aid

es

70 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 58 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

22152ndash5917718257ndash2208212701ndash179266526ndash12368Data not available

(Median = 18091)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

CO

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Hom

e H

ealth

Aid

es

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 71

Figure 59 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

KS

UT

ID

AZ

MN

ND

DC

SC

High

ArizonaUtahIdahoGeorgiaMaryland

690

688

631

528

518

Low

NebraskaOregonNorth DakotaWashingtonConnecticut

266

239

229

213

189

High

ConnecticutWashingtonNorth DakotaOregonWyoming

416

402

367

367

367

Low

KansasUtahIdahoArizonaRhode Island

200

176

173

159

26

ID

UT

AZ

GA

ND

WA

OR

MD

CT

HI

HI

DC

NE

CTRIWY

WA

OR

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Hom

e H

ealth

Aid

es

72 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 60 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

$22

490

$19

260

$17

800

$20

110

$21

500

$36

750

$30

620

$29

560

$29

080

$34

300

348 221 220 220 213

-46 -102 -114 -148 -152

Hawaii North Dakota Arkansas South Dakota Nevada

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

$44

400

$35

310

$31

230

$39

820

$28

630

Connecticut Texas Louisiana Colorado Mississippi

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$25

320

$14

680

$16

400

$19

600

$16

170

Additional Findings

bull Some studies estimate over 25 of certifi ed nursing assistants (CNAs) in nursing homes have no health insurance compared with 16 of all US workers (General Accounting Offi ce 2001)

bull Nursing aides orderlies and attendants work primarily in nursing care facilities and also may work in medical and surgical hospitals and community care facilities for the elderly (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Long-term Care Roles

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 1375000 52299 Average Annual Openings2012 1718000

25 Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 655 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 345 Replacements

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Nurs

ing A

ides O

rderlie

s a

nd

Atte

nd

ants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 73

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 61 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

65204ndash9321651946ndash6457241418ndash5116226080ndash40279

(Median = 51946)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Nurs

ing A

ides O

rderlie

s a

nd

Atte

nd

ants

74 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 62 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

NV

UT

ID

AZ

MN

NY

DC

SC

High

ArizonaNevadaIdahoUtahHawaii

502

454

451

417

344

Low

New YorkMinnesotaConnecticutDistrict of ColumbiaSouth Carolina

146

145

93

58

40

High

South CarolinaDistrict of ColumbiaConnecticutNew YorkMinnesota

799

695

585

475

475

Low

HawaiiUtahIdahoNevadaArizona

250

239

225

224

207

NV

ID

UT

AZ

MN

NY

CT

HI

HI

DC

SC

CT

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Nurs

ing A

ides O

rderlie

s a

nd

Atte

nd

ants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 75

Figure 63 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

$20

920

$23

910

$21

130

$20

210

$18

750

$32

510

$41

980

$33

780

$30

620

$35

310

233 205 194 194 190

101 98 92 83 66

Wyoming California Kansas North Dakota Texas

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

$31

940

$28

630

$44

400

$36

980

$43

040

South Carolina Mississippi Connecticut Oregon New Jersey

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$18

830

$16

590

$27

110

$22

560

$24

070

Long-term Care Roles

Personal and Home Care Aides

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Pers

onal a

nd

Hom

e C

are

Aid

es

76 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull A national study found that a ldquogray marketrdquo exists within the long-term-care workforce (workers hired directly by individuals and families who are not counted in most formal surveys) as up to 29 of workers providing long-term-care assistance to the Medicare population in the home are self-employed (Leon and Franco 1998)

bull A report indicates that 40ndash45 of home care aides lack health insurance (Lipson and Regan 2004)

bull Personal and home care aides work in a variety of settings including home health care services individual and family services and residential mental health facilities (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 608000 34327 Average Annual Openings2012 854000

41 Personal and Home Care Aides Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 716 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 284 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 64 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

24377ndash4697716307ndash2345211381ndash159584379ndash11357Data not available

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

OR

WA

(Median = 16307)

ID

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Pers

onal a

nd

Hom

e C

are

Aid

es

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 77

Figure 65 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

WA

ND

NE

CO

OR

DC

NVUT

NM

High

UtahNevadaMaineNew MexicoMinnesota

637

563

546

533

519

Low

District of ColumbiaMichiganOregonNebraskaNorth Dakota

225

224

214

181

157

High

North DakotaColoradoNebraskaOregonWashington

507

464

462

450

432

Low

MinnesotaMaineNew MexicoNevadaUtah

236

227

226

220

176

ME

NV

NM

MN

UT

MI

ND

NE

OR

HI

HI

DC

ME

MN

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Pers

onal a

nd

Hom

e C

are

Aid

es

78 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 66 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Delaware District of Columbia California Vermont Wyoming

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

South Dakota Mississippi Connecticut Tennessee Nevada

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$19

790

$21

630

$21

100

$19

760

$17

280

$39

050

$57

980

$41

980

$34

650

$32

510

321 314 263 198 197

24

-15 -21 -29 -35

$29

080

$28

630

$44

400

$32

730

$34

300

$17

300

$14

190

$20

870

$16

250

$17

670

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 79

Mental Health CounselorsClinical mental health counselors

Mental health counselors

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Alcoholism workers

Clinical social workers

Community mental health workers

Drug abuse workers

Marriage and family social workers

Private practice social workers

Psychiatric social workers

Psychotherapist social workers

Supervisors social work

Psychiatric Aides Charge aides

Charge attendants

Mental health aides

Mental retardation aides

Neuropsychiatric aides

Psychiatric aides

Psychiatric attendants

Psychiatric orderlies

Psychiatric Technicians Technicians mental health

Technicians psychiatric

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Addiction counselors

Alcoholic counselors

Certifi ed abuse and drug addiction

counselors

Certifi ed alcohol and drug counselors

Certifi ed alcohol counselors

Certifi ed drug counselors

Certifi ed substance abuse counselors

Chemical dependency counselors

Drug abuse counselors

Drug and alcohol testers

Drug counselors

Human relations counselors drug or

alcohol abuse

Substance abuse counselors

Technicians drug abuse

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles Frontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles

Mental Health Counselors

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Menta

l Health

Counselo

rs

80 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull More than 60 of rural Americans live in designated mental health professional shortage areas (Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education Mental Health Program 2004)

bull Mental health counselors work in a variety of settings including outpatient care centers individual and family services and local government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 85000 4198 Average Annual Openings2012 107000

26 Mental Health Counselors Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 538 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 462 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 67 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

4624ndash143452642ndash46131992ndash2614617ndash1985Data not available

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

(Median = 2642)

SC

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Menta

l Health

Counselo

rs

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 81

Figure 68 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

MI

DC

AZ

UT

MO

ID

IL

NC

AL

High

MarylandMissouriArizonaIdahoSouth Dakota

458

453

448

411

383

Low

MassachusettsDistrict of ColumbiaMichiganIllinoisLouisiana

141

117

90

90

60

High

HawaiiLouisianaIllinoisMichiganWyoming

1000

750

720

719

700

Low

ArizonaIdahoUtahMarylandMissouri

340

333

333

328

314

AZ

ID

MI

IL

LA

SD

MO

HI

HI

DCMD

MA

MD

LA

WY

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Menta

l Health

Counselo

rs

82 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 69 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Idaho Iowa West Virginia Mississippi South Carolina

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Colorado Nebraska Wisconsin Nevada Utah

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$68

270

$40

620

$34

500

$36

630

$36

720

$32

770

$31

990

$30

470

$28

630

$31

940

1094 862 599 484 426

51

-01-30

-63 -130

$39

820

$33

060

$35

240

$34

300

$34

110

$35

680

$34

230

$45

110

$40

150

$29

120

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Menta

l Health

and

Sub

sta

nce A

buse S

ocia

l Work

ers

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 83

Additional Findings

bull There is an observed potential disconnect particularly in California between the social work services offered and the needs of a population that is culturally diverse and aging (McRee et al 2003)

bull Making mental health and substance abuse care available in rural areas is increasingly important although recruiting to rural areas is particularly diffi cult due to professional isolation lower salaries and limited career opportunities for spouses (Kimerling 2002)

bull Mental health and substance abuse social workers work in a variety of settings including individual and family services outpatient care centers residential mental health facilities local government institutions and psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 95000 4901 Average Annual Openings2012 128000

35 Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 668 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 332 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 70 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

5102ndash105953525ndash44562312ndash3501722ndash2273

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

(Median = 3513)

SC

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Menta

l Health

and

Sub

sta

nce A

buse S

ocia

l Work

ers

84 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 71 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

DC

NV

GA

AR

KS

High

GeorgiaIdahoSouth DakotaNew MexicoArkansas

600

567

467

463

459

Low

District of ColumbiaWashingtonWest VirginiaNorth DakotaLouisiana

152

150

132

123

107

High

North DakotaLouisianaWest VirginiaWashingtonDistrict of Columbia

600

567

548

547

500

Low

ArkansasKansasMassachusettsGeorgiaNevada

267

254

250

233

00

NM

ID

ND

WA

LA

SD

AR

GA

HI

HI

DCWV

MA

LA

WV

ND

WA

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Menta

l Health

and

Sub

sta

nce A

buse S

ocia

l Work

ers

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 85

Figure 72 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Nevada Arizona Kansas Utah West Virginia

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

New Mexico Virginia Alaska Georgia Wyoming

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$54

070

$34

450

$36

450

$40

190

$23

400

$34

300

$34

880

$33

780

$34

110

$30

470

472 378 282 277 261

-56-44 -102 -142 -264

$33

000

$39

130

$42

170

$35

840

$32

510

$32

290

$39

160

$31

960

$33

200

$25

190

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles

Psychiatric Aides

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Psychia

tric A

ides

86 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull There is often very little formal training required for psychiatric aides although many do take part in informal on-the-job training and instruction lasting from several days to several months (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

bull Psychiatric aides work primarily in psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals residential mental health facilities and medical and surgical hospitals (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 59000 1636 Average Annual Openings2012 68000

15 Psychiatric Aides Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 526 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 474 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 73 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

2888ndash145032002ndash28461306ndash1920249ndash1159Data not available

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

VAKY

WI

MI

ILOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

(Median = 2002)

SC

CO

IA

IN

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Psychia

tric A

ides

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 87

Figure 74 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

MI

KY

LA

NY

PA

DC

AZAR

WI

High

ArizonaUtahArkansasNevadaIdaho

517

372

370

350

319

Low

ConnecticutKentuckyDelawareMichiganLouisiana

32

18

00

00

00

High

LouisianaMichiganKentuckyNew YorkPennsylvania

1000

1000

833

778

755

Low

ArkansasWisconsinArizonaConnecticutDelaware

250

250

211

00

00

NV

AZ AR

ID

UT

MI

KY

LA

HI

HI

DC

DE

CT

CT

DE

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Psychia

tric A

ides

88 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 75 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Maine West Virginia Louisiana Alaska Massachusetts

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Virginia Michigan Tennessee Florida Ohio

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$27

710

$18

610

$19

600

$33

850

$27

960

$33

480

$30

470

$31

230

$42

170

$45

290

260 224 208 202 202

-72-59 -79 -100 -280

$39

130

$39

590

$32

730

$33

750

$35

910

$21

770

$25

780

$20

180

$19

780

$20

210

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles

Psychiatric Technicians

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Psychia

tric Te

chnic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 89

Additional Findings

bull As of 2004 only four states (California Colorado Kansas and Arkansas) license psychiatric technicians (California Association of Psychiatric Technicians 2004)

bull Psychiatric technicians work primarily in psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals state government institutions and medical and surgical hospitals (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 60000 1134 Average Annual Openings2012 63000

5 Psychiatric Technicians Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 312 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 688 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 76 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

2381ndash90501675ndash2334933ndash1634229ndash921Data not available

CA

AK

HI

UT

AZ

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

VAKY

WI

MI

ILOH

VT

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

(Median = 1654)

SC

CO

IA

INNV

NM

MO

NH

WY

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Psychia

tric Te

chnic

ians

90 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 77 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

MI

KY

LA

IL

DC

AZ

GA

NC

UT

MT

High

ArizonaNorth CarolinaMontanaNew JerseyMinnesota

451

398

377

375

330

Low

MichiganIllinoisNebraskaDistrict of ColumbiaKentucky

00

00

00

00

00

High

District of ColumbiaIllinoisKentuckyLouisianaMichigan

1000

1000

1000

1000

1000

Low

UtahGeorgiaNorth CarolinaMontanaArizona

333

300

267

250

219

AZ

NC

MTMN

MI

KY

IL

NE

HI

HI

DC

NJ

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Psychia

tric Te

chnic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 91

Figure 78 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Idaho New Mexico Arizona Iowa Texas

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Virginia New Jersey Mississippi Minnesota Oklahoma

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$27

250

$24

080

$28

410

$26

140

$23

540

$32

770

$33

000

$34

880

$31

990

$35

310

430 407 376 359 321

07

-01 -04 -10 -68

$39

130

$43

040

$28

630

$39

840

$31

150

$22

870

$33

690

$19

790

$28

000

$23

400

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Sub

sta

nce A

buse a

nd

Behavio

ral D

isord

er C

ounselo

rs

92 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull It is estimated that more than half of substance abuse treatment professionals are female although 68 of the client population is male Similarly 85 of substance abuse treatment professionals are white compared with a client base that is only 56 white (Mulvey Hubbard and Hayashi 2003)

bull A study of directors and key staff from 175 drug and alcohol treatment programs found particularly high levels of staff turnover among counselors and upper management positions such as program directors (McLellan Carise and Kleber 2003)

bull Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors work in a variety of settings including outpatient care centers residential mental health facilities individual and family services and local government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 67000 3095 Average Annual Openings2012 83000

24 Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 504 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 496 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 79 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

3511ndash131062184ndash34471797ndash2183920ndash1774

(Median = 2184)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Sub

sta

nce A

buse a

nd

Behavio

ral D

isord

er C

ounselo

rs

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 93

Figure 80 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

High

ArizonaUtahKansasNevadaArkansas

400

400

393

360

345

Low

South CarolinaLouisianaDistrict of ColumbiaMichiganNorth Dakota

89

85

82

76

48

High

North DakotaWest VirginiaMichiganLouisianaDistrict of Columbia

857

800

771

750

739

Low

WisconsinCaliforniaArizonaKansasUtah

400

373

361

353

333

NV

UT

AZ

KS

ND

AR

LA

MI

DC

SC

CA UT

AZ

KS

ND

WI

LA

MI

DC

SC

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Sub

sta

nce A

buse a

nd

Behavio

ral D

isord

er C

ounselo

rs

94 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 81 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

$38

880

$42

630

$31

740

$39

160

$47

450

$37

450

$34

880

$31

150

$34

300

$43

040

775 584 525 509 399

New Hampshire Arizona Oklahoma Nevada New Jersey

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

$34

110

$39

050

$34

650

$35

240

$36

750

Utah Delaware Vermont Wisconsin Hawaii

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

09 -52 -87 -138-26

$35

400

$32

910

$38

220

$37

930

$34

510

Child Family and School Social Workers

Adoption agents

Adoption workers

Child abuse workers

Child and family services workers

Child consultants

Child development consultants

Child welfare consultants

Child welfare workers

Childrenrsquos counselors

Family preservation workers

Foster care workers

Juvenile officers

Protective services social workers

School social workers

Dental Assistants Aides ns

Assistants dental

Assistants dentist excluding clerical

Assistants orthodontist

Attendants ns

Dental aides

Dentist attendants

Helpers dentist

Dietetic Technicians Technicians dietary

Technicians dietetic

Technicians food service

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

LP nurses

LPN (licensed practical nurses)

LVN (licensed vocational nurses)

Licensed attendants

Licensed practical nurses

Licensed vocational nurses

Maternity nurses

Nurses other specified or ns

high school diploma or some college

and no degree

Nurses LPN

Nurses practical

Practical nurses

Private duty nurses practical

TPN (trained practical nurses)

Trained practical nurses

Vocational nurses

Medical TranscriptionistsMedical stenographers

Medical transcribers

Medical transcriptionists

Occupational Therapist AssistantsAssistants occupational therapy

Occupational therapy ns

associate degree

Technicians occupational therapy

Pharmacy Aides Assistants dispensary

Assistants pharmacist

Assistants pharmacy

Dispensary attendants

Drug clerks

Helpers pharmacist

Helpers pharmacy

Pharmacistrsquos aides

Pharmacy clerks

Prescription clerks

Physical Therapist AidesPhysical therapy ns

less than associate degree

Physical therapy aides

Physical therapy attendants

Physiotherapy aides

Physical Therapist AssistantsAssistants physical therapisttherapy

Physical therapy ns associate degree

Technicians physical therapy

Recreational Therapists Activity therapists

Recreational therapists

Therapeutic recreation specialists

Rehabilitation Counselors Coordinators of rehabilitation services

Directors of rehabilitation

Homemaking rehabilitation consultants

Psychosocial rehabilitation counselors

Rehabilitation counselors

Residence counselors

Veterans rehabilitation counselors

Occupatio

nal P

rofi

les

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profile of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 95

Other Frontline Occupational RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles

ns = not specified

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Child

Fam

ily a

nd

School S

ocia

l Work

ers

96 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Child Family and School Social Workers

Additional Findings

bull The estimated annual turnover rate among child social workers employed in private child-serving agencies (eg group homes residential treatment centers and home-based counseling programs) is reported to be as high as 40 (Annie E Casey Foundation 2004)

bull School social workers make up only 5 of the total social worker profession and tend to be professionalized as their own subgroup of social workers (National Association of Social Workers 2004)

bull Child family and school social workers work in a variety of settings including state government institutions local government institutions individual and family services and elementary and secondary schools (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 274000 11057 Average Annual Openings2012 338000

23 Child Family and School Social Workers Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 575 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 425 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 82 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

12717ndash2233110323ndash126377335ndash102381936ndash7117

(Median = 10280)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Child

Fam

ily a

nd

School S

ocia

l Work

ers

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 97

Figure 83 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

MI

LA

OK

DC

NV

ID

KS

UT

High

NevadaIdahoUtahNew MexicoArizona

411

381

353

313

303

Low

IllinoisOklahomaLouisianaDistrict of ColumbiaMichigan

122

107

102

83

66

High

MichiganDistrict of ColumbiaLouisianaOklahomaHawaii

719

679

620

613

600

Low

UtahKansasNevadaIdahoWyoming

333

326

290

286

100

AZNM

ID

UTNV

MI

IL

OK

LA

HI

HI

DC

WY

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Child

Fam

ily a

nd

School S

ocia

l Work

ers

98 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 84 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Wyoming Montana Massachusetts New Hampshire North Dakota

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Mississippi District of Columbia Oregon New Mexico Idaho

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$33

800

$32

640

$45

800

$38

870

$38

010

$32

510

$29

880

$45

290

$37

450

$30

620

423 365 317 260 259

41 3715

-68 -167

$28

630

$57

980

$36

980

$33

000

$32

770

$29

380

$37

870

$35

710

$28

850

$32

340

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Dental Assistants

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Denta

l Assis

tants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 99

Additional Findings

bull Currently there are no national guidelines governing dental assistant practice in the United States though dental assistants may become certifi ed through passing the Certifi ed Dental Assistant examination (American Dental Assistants Association 2005)

bull Dental assistants can be trained through a variety of sources including accredited programs non-accredited postsecondary programs in-offi ce training courses state dental board approved courses and on-the-job training (American Dental Assistants Association 2005)

bull Dental assistants work almost exclusively in offi ces of dentists while a very small percentage work in physiciansrsquo offi ces or a federal government institution (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004))

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 266000 18735 Average Annual Openings2012 379000

43 Dental Assistants Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 603 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 397 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 85 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

10197ndash147439288ndash101797939ndash92313479ndash7696Data not available

(Median = 9260)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Denta

l Assis

tants

100 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 86 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

MI

NE

WA

DCCA

AZ

ID

KS

High

ArizonaGeorgiaCaliforniaIdahoTennessee

700

607

571

569

563

Low

IllinoisHawaiiWashingtonNebraskaConnecticut

243

230

218

218

165

High

ConnecticutHawaiiWashingtonNebraskaMichigan

620

600

580

556

537

Low

CaliforniaIdahoArizonaKansasWyoming

328

327

286

286

200

AZ

CA

TN

GA

ID

IL

WA

NE

HI

HI

DC

CT

WY CT

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Denta

l Assis

tants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 101

Figure 87 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

New Hampshire Arizona South Dakota West Virginia Maryland

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Texas Washington Idaho Alaska District of Columbia

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$35

540

$32

080

$26

360

$26

070

$32

050

$37

450

$34

880

$29

080

$30

470

$41

360

545 409 395 363 291

17 09

-06 -59 -75

$35

310

$40

860

$32

770

$42

170

$57

980

$27

550

$32

670

$29

050

$34

240

$36

930

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Dietetic Technicians

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Die

tetic

Technic

ians

102 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull Each state varies in its regulation of dietetic technicians through licensure statutory certifi cation or registration (Commission on Dietetic Registration 2006)

bull A majority of dietetic technicians work in medical and surgical hospitals or nursing care facilities while others work in community care facilities for the elderly (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 29000 969 Average Annual Openings2012 35000

21 Dietetic Technicians Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 608 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 392 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 88 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

1285ndash3707983ndash1248686ndash975199ndash679Data not available

(Median = 979)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

NH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

SD

VT

WY

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Die

tetic

Technic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 103

Figure 89 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

SC

WV

LA

DC

UT

AZ

MS

FL

NC

High

ArizonaIdahoNevadaUtahNew Mexico

489

434

400

391

353

Low

OhioSouth CarolinaMarylandWest VirginiaDistrict of Columbia

119

114

107

57

16

High

District of ColumbiaNew JerseyWest VirginiaLouisianaSouth Carolina

1000

1000

1000

600

600

Low

FloridaMississippiNorth CarolinaArizonaUtah

320

286

250

218

00

AZNM

ID

UTNV OH

WV

NC

HI

HI

DCMD

NJ

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Die

tetic

Technic

ians

104 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 90 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Utah Idaho Massachusetts Nevada Alabama

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

West Virginia Arizona South Carolina Arkansas Georgia

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$23

880

$24

840

$32

100

$34

520

$23

790

$34

110

$32

770

$45

290

$34

300

$31

940

429 424 420 399 368

-43 -79 -96 -159 -235

$30

470

$34

880

$31

940

$29

560

$35

840

$21

620

$19

950

$19

250

$18

930

$22

940

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Lic

ensed

Pra

ctic

al a

nd

Lic

ensed

Vocatio

nal N

urs

es

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 105

Additional Findings

bull While there are some similarities across states in the implementation of the Nursing Practice Act the historic legislation on scope of practice and responsibilities for registered nurses there is also a great deal of state level variation in practice requirements regulations and tasks for licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses (Seago et al 2004)

bull Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses work in a variety of settings including nursing care facilities medical and surgical hospitals offi ces of physicians and home health care services (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 702000 29480 Average Annual Openings2012 844000

20 Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 481 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 519 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 91 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

31314ndash4705624993ndash3121017677ndash249558114ndash17519Data not available

(Median = 24974)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

SD

VT

WY

NH

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Lic

ensed

Pra

ctic

al a

nd

Lic

ensed

Vocatio

nal N

urs

es

106 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 92 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

SC

PA

ND

DC

UT

ID

NV

AZ

FL

High

ArizonaNevadaIdahoUtahFlorida

392

369

340

316

268

Low

PennsylvaniaNorth DakotaConnecticutSouth CarolinaDistrict of Columbia

82

63

62

14

00

High

District of ColumbiaSouth CarolinaConnecticutNorth DakotaPennsylvania

1000

949

781

773

727

Low

FloridaIdahoNevadaUtahArizona

449

388

375

375

357

AZ

FL

ID

UTNV

ND

SC

PA

HI

HI

DC

CT

CT

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Lic

ensed

Pra

ctic

al a

nd

Lic

ensed

Vocatio

nal N

urs

es

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 107

Figure 93 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

District of Columbia New Jersey New Mexico South Carolina Maryland

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Indiana Tennessee Texas Rhode Island Kansas

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$48

370

$46

010

$38

030

$34

960

$44

110

$57

980

$43

040

$33

000

$31

940

$41

360

406 279 273 269 227

121 119 115 105 101$33

820

$32

730

$35

310

$38

240

$33

780

$34

440

$30

940

$34

260

$42

730

$31

710

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Medical Transcriptionists

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical T

ranscrip

tionis

ts

108 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull Optional medical transcriptionist certifi cation is offered through the American Association of Medical Transcription (AAMT) While certifi cation is encouraged and understood as a verifi cation of standard training it is not required for employment As of February 2004 approximately one-third (2840) of the 7450 medical transcriptionists registered with the AAMT were certifi ed

bull Outsourcing of medical transcription overseas has become increasingly common Nearly 50 of the current contract transcription market demand is outsourced to a specialized vendor community and an estimated 8ndash10 of all con-tract transcription from the US health care industry is done overseas (Medical Transcription Industry Alliance 2003)

bull Medical transcriptionists work primarily in medical and surgical hospitals and offi ces of physicians (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 101000 4146 Average Annual Openings2012 124000

23 Medical Transcriptionists Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 550 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 450 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 94 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

4824ndash99813561ndash48012957ndash35431614ndash2891Data not available

(Median = 3552)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

SD

VT

WY

NH

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical T

ranscrip

tionis

ts

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 109

Figure 95 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

SC

PA

DC

UT

ID

NMAZ

FL

High

ArizonaUtahIdahoKansasNevada

412

371

370

364

343

Low

Rhode IslandPennsylvaniaSouth CarolinaNebraskaDistrict of Columbia

116

116

109

86

59

High

WyomingDistrict of ColumbiaSouth CarolinaNebraskaPennsylvania

800

750

725

692

612

Low

New MexicoFloridaIdahoArizonaUtah

367

352

333

314

250

AZ

KS

ID

UTNV NE

PA

SC

HI

HI

DC

RI

WY

NE

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical T

ranscrip

tionis

ts

110 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 96 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Massachusetts Kansas Colorado Tennessee Delaware

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

New Mexico Oklahoma Maryland Nevada Hawaii

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$36

850

$27

560

$34

440

$28

310

$30

270

$45

290

$33

780

$39

820

$32

730

$39

050

298 298 297 245 219

-30

59

-15

12 059 $33

000

$31

150

$41

360

$34

300

$36

750

$25

890

$23

650

$33

960

$32

900

$32

050

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Occupational Therapist Assistants

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Occup

atio

nal T

hera

pis

t Assis

tants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 111

Additional Findings

bull Occupational therapist assistants may be trained in either a two-year associate degree program or a one-year certifi cate program available at two- and four-year colleges and universities or postsecondary vocationaltechnical schools and institutions (American Medical Association 2005)

bull Occupational therapist assistants work in a variety of settings including offi ces of health practitioners medical and surgical hospitals and nursing care facilities (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 18000 958 Average Annual Openings2012 26000

44 Occupational Therapist Assistants Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 756 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 244 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 97 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

784ndash4915578ndash757486ndash576248ndash449Data not available

(Median = 577)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

ND

MN

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VA

WI

MI

IL INOH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

SD

WY

NH

IA

KY

VT

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Occup

atio

nal T

hera

pis

t Assis

tants

112 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 98 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

SC

TN

NJ

DC

OR

FL

NMAZ

UT

ID

High

VirginiaArkansasUtahArizonaCalifornia

599

593

571

548

538

Low

OregonConnecticutSouth CarolinaDistrict of ColumbiaNew Jersey

200

194

129

00

00

High

OregonSouth CarolinaMontanaNew JerseyTennessee

600

600

500

500

500

Low

New MexicoFloridaIdahoArizonaUtah

100

100

100

00

00

AZ AR

VA

UTCA

OR

SC

HI

HI

DC

CT

NJ

MT

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Occup

atio

nal T

hera

pis

t Assis

tants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 113

Figure 99 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

North Carolina Nebraska Utah Michigan Maryland

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Wyoming Louisiana Georgia Tennessee Illinois

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$40

480

$33

010

$39

840

$39

480

$40

660

$34

120

$33

060

$34

110

$39

590

$41

360

448 400 319 317 287

-45 -63 -73 -81 -93

$32

510

$31

230

$35

840

$32

730

$38

580

$28

500

$37

930

$33

380

$43

700

$31

800

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Pharmacy Aides

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Pharm

acy A

ides

114 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull According to a 1999 study of pharmacy activity costs over 55 of pharmacy aide time is spent on prescription transactions with customers (Arthur Andersen 1999)

bull Similar to pharmacy technicians pharmacy aides are employed primarily in retail settings such as health and personal care stores and grocery stores (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 60000 2175 Average Annual Openings2012 71000

18 Pharmacy Aides Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 487 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 513 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 100 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

2328ndash34171822ndash22391444ndash1815253ndash1423Data not available

(Median = 1819)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

ND

MN

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VA

WI

MI

IL INOH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

WA

SD

WY

NH

IA

KY

VTOR

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Pharm

acy A

ides

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 115

Figure 101 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

DC

DE

VT

LA

IN

MA

WV

AZ

UT

High

NevadaColoradoAlaskaArizonaUtah

464

420

400

336

333

Low

MaineNew YorkWest VirginiaWyomingDistrict of Columbia

98

86

41

00

00

High

District of ColumbiaWest VirginiaMassachusettsLouisianaIndiana

1000

875

704

700

675

Low

DelawareNevadaArizonaVermontHawaii

385

350

348

333

00

AZ

AK

UTNV

CO

WY

ME

NY

WV

HI

HI

DC

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Pharm

acy A

ides

116 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 102 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Texas Idaho Wyoming Vermont Illinois

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

California Florida North Dakota North Carolina South Carolina

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$21

980

$24

320

$23

200

$19

750

$24

300

$35

310

$32

770

$32

510

$34

650

$38

580

368 366 316 298 253

-37 -56 -90 -106 -121

$41

980

$33

750

$30

620

$34

120

$31

940

$23

050

$17

550

$16

730

$17

480

$15

740

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Physical Therapist Aides

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Physic

al T

hera

pis

t Aid

es

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 117

Additional Findings

bull The data available on physical therapist aidesmdashone of the smaller frontline occupational groups profi led in this chartbookmdashare in conjunction with or subsumed within information on physical therapist assistants

bull Similar to physical therapist assistants physical therapist aides work in a variety of settings including offi ces of health practitioners medical and surgical hospitals and nursing care facilities (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 37000 2332 Average Annual Openings2012 54000

46 Physical Therapist Aides Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 735 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 265 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 103 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

1615ndash30291348ndash1552966ndash1347302ndash950Data not available

(Median = 1347)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

ND

MN

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

VA

WI

MI

IL INOH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

WA

SDNH

IA

KY

VTOR

SC

WY

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Physic

al T

hera

pis

t Aid

es

118 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 104 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

DC

WA

OR

CO

NM

NC

WIID

UT

High

IdahoArizonaCaliforniaVirginiaUtah

668

647

619

590

571

Low

OregonNebraskaWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaRhode Island

242

231

204

57

51

High

District of ColumbiaRhode IslandOregonWashingtonColorado

1000

800

550

500

458

Low

New MexicoNorth CarolinaWisconsinIdahoUtah

200

200

200

176

00

UTCA

ID

NE

WA

OR

HI

HI

DC

RI

AZ

VA

RI

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Physic

al T

hera

pis

t Aid

es

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 119

Figure 105 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Delaware Montana Texas Virginia Illinois

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Florida Hawaii Indiana South Carolina Rhode Island

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$28

020

$23

710

$25

800

$22

100

$26

020

$39

050

$29

880

$35

310

$39

130

$38

580

453 391 391 241 225

-19 -19-101 -259 -343

$33

750

$36

750

$33

820

$31

940

$38

240

$20

880

$25

070

$22

150

$20

100

$21

430

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Physical Therapist Assistants

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Physic

al T

hera

pis

t Assis

tants

120 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull Typical training for physical therapist assistants does not provide approved prerequisites to move into a physical therapist role Those interested in advancing their career can do so through an accredited physical therapist assistant to physical therapist (PTA-PT) program (wwwallalliedhealthschoolscom 2006)

bull Licensure is not mandatory for physical therapist assistants licensing and certifi cation requirements vary from state to state (American Medical Association 2005)

bull Physical therapist assistants work in a variety of settings including offi ces of health practitioners medical and surgical hospitals and nursing care facilities (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 50000 3077 Average Annual Openings2012 73000

46 Physical Therapist Assistants Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 728 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 272 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 106 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

2233ndash31771802ndash21301296ndash1747780ndash1243

(Median = 1802)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Physic

al T

hera

pis

t Assis

tants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 121

Figure 107 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

DC

OR

CO

OKSC

AZ

UT

AR

ID

MT

High

ArizonaIdahoArkansasWyomingUtah

640

635

610

600

583

Low

OregonConnecticutWashingtonSouth CarolinaDistrict of Columbia

265

255

217

214

143

High

OregonDistrict of ColumbiaColoradoOklahomaSouth Carolina

567

500

460

450

450

Low

IdahoMontanaArizonaArkansasUtah

231

222

209

205

00

UT

WY

ID

SC

WA

OR

HI

HI

DC

CT

AZ AR

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Physic

al T

hera

pis

t Assis

tants

122 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 108 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Louisiana Nebraska Maryland Idaho Nevada

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Missouri New Mexico Minnesota Hawaii Georgia

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$39

540

$36

640

$41

560

$37

190

$42

870

$31

230

$33

060

$41

360

$32

770

$34

300

596 401 395 369 254

-27

17

-10

16-01$3

446

0

$33

000

$39

840

$36

750

$35

840

$35

600

$32

060

$33

570

$33

030

$37

740

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Recreational Therapists

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Recre

atio

nal T

hera

pis

ts

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 123

Additional Findings

bull Employers and national regulatory and accreditation organizations increasingly use National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certifi cation (NCTRC) as a criterion for employment and as a preferred entry-level credential for recreational therapists (2004)

bull Recreational therapists work in a variety of settings including nursing care facilities medical and surgical hospitals psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals and state government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 27000 880 Average Annual Openings2012 29000

7 Recreational Therapists Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 275 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 725 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 109 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

1384ndash29501038ndash1365626ndash974314ndash502Data not available

CA

AK

HI

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

(Median = 1006)

NV

SC

WY

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Recre

atio

nal T

hera

pis

ts

124 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 110 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

DC

LA

ND

MI

ID

UTCO

AZ

IA

High

ArizonaColoradaUtahIdahoNew Mexico

312

290

276

218

214

Low

New JerseyDistrict of ColumbiaMichiganNorth DakotaLouisiana

00

00

00

00

00

High

LouisianaDistrict of ColumbiaMichiganNew JerseyNorth Dakota

1000

1000

1000

1000

1000

Low

UtahColoradoArizonaIdahoIowa

500

438

409

400

00

UTCO

ID

HI

HI

DC

NJ

LA

ND

MI

AZ NM

NJ

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Recre

atio

nal T

hera

pis

ts

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 125

Figure 111 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Wyoming New Hamphire Vermont Illinois Colorado

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Oklahoma North Dakota South Carolina Rhode Island New Mexico

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$38

410

$37

190

$44

910

$32

350

$34

160

$32

510

$37

450

$34

650

$38

580

$39

820

670 451 435 344 342

-135

15

-68

06

-57

$31

150

$30

620

$31

940

$38

240

$33

000

$30

530

$28

370

$26

010

$33

140

$28

540

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Rehabilitation Counselors

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Rehab

ilitatio

n C

ounselo

rs

126 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull The Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certifi cation (CRCC) has certifi ed more than 35000 counselors since its inception in 1974 To sit for the certifi cation exam applicants must have a masterrsquos degree or be currently enrolled in an accredited masterrsquos program (2006)

bull The role of rehabilitation counselors has expanded to include aiding in transition services for children within school systems providing geriatric rehabilitation services and providing services for workers injured on the job through pri-vate rehabilitation counseling companies and employee assistance programs (American Medical Association 2005)

bull Rehabilitation counselors work in a variety of settings including vocational rehabilitation services residential mental health facilities individual and family services and state government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 122000 6922 Average Annual Openings2012 164000

34 Rehabilitation Counselors Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 597 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 403 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 112 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

6735ndash162514809ndash64882511ndash4756600ndash2431

(Median = 4809)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Rehab

ilitatio

n C

ounselo

rs

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 127

Figure 113 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

DC

AZ

MN

TN

NH

High

MarylandNevadaArizonaTennesseeUtah

550

462

451

439

430

Low

District of ColumbiaMississippiMichiganOhioNorth Dakota

100

90

86

76

06

High

North DakotaOhioDistrict of ColumbiaMichiganMississippi

923

750

714

714

714

Low

MinnesotaNew HampshireArizonaTennesseeMaryland

372

349

333

308

295

AZ

UTNV

TN

SD

MI

OH

MS

HI

HI

DCMD

ND

OH

MI

MS

MD

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Rehab

ilitatio

n C

ounselo

rs

128 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 114 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Hawaii New Mexico Wisconsin North Dakota Delaware

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Connecticut New York Nevada Rhode Island Mississippi

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$51

550

$27

370

$34

920

$34

560

$33

340

$36

750

$33

000

$35

240

$30

620

$39

050

596 572 510 507 388

-44 -101 -103 -151 -342

$44

400

$43

590

$34

300

$38

240

$28

630

$33

880

$27

590

$28

550

$33

590

$33

770

Conclusion

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 129

Summary

Frontline health and health care workers are a large fast-growing and vital component of the workforce constituting just over half of all health and health care occupations As the population ages the contributions of these workers will become even more central to the quality and cost of health care and services in this country As a whole the frontline workforce is growing rapidlymdashadding many new workers each year with a growth rate signifi cantly higher than other occupations and requiring a signifi cant number of replacement workers to fi ll future job openings due to turnover workers retiring and workers leaving the workforce altogether

Implications for Further Policy and Research Efforts1

This research on the frontline workforce must be placed in the context of broader challenges in the health care system and the general employment picture facing the nation over the next decade This will take effective action from a broad spectrum of health and health care stakeholders including employers educators professionals policy-makers labor and philanthropic entities

Health and Health Care Employers

Labor costs exceed 60 of total health care expenditures Any effort to change or rationalize the health care system will affect workers their patterns of practice and the material aspects of their employment Although most frontline workers are at the lower end of the compensation range in health care they represent a large critically impor-tant segment essential to any strategy to improve the quality lower the costs or expand access to health care and health services in the United States In each of these three vital areas the nation underperforms its potential In light of these challenges a solitary response of recruiting or fi nding frontline workers to keep the clinics long-term-care facilities and hospitals operating will be inadequate

Industry leaders will need to incorporate the following strategies into their overall action plan

bull Create new practice models and policies to reshape the nature of the work for frontline workers

bull Assist this transition by investing in care and service management technologies to allow fewer workers to do more with less time and to engage patients and their families in more productive ways These investments should include new facilities in addition to new technologies

1 Implications are based on the researchersrsquo fi ndings and recommendations and do not necessarily refl ect the viewpoints of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation

Conclu

sion

130 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

bull Integrate work and education to create laddered opportunities for the existing frontline workforce to take advantage of these new policies and technologies by getting higher levels of training on the job and improving their opportunities for higher wages and career advancement

bull Create more collaborative team-oriented work settings that allow for a fuller range of contributions by these new types of frontline workers including the responsibility to manage this service sector more effectively

bull Develop new strategic partnerships with labor and professional organizations who wish to change the nature of frontline work and are willing to respond creatively to the realities and challenges of the service sector

Teaching and Learning Organizations

Frontline workers will need a different set of skills and expectations as they prepare to enter the workforce and continue to grow and learn in an occupation that may begin to resemble more of a career or profession Educational institutions must play a vital role in reshaping program curricula positioning themselves as career partners and lowering the boundaries between education service and care delivery organizations to foster deeper partnerships Specifi cally teaching and learning organizations should consider the following for strategic success

bull Assess their programs in the context of emergent employer needs and changing student situations and demands Such an assessment will require a deeper commitment to securing input from both of these vital stakeholders These conversations and interactions should be ongoing with equal weight given to all voices at the assessment table

bull Create delivery mechanisms to employ new teaching and learning technologies that allow for more distance learning assessment of competence work-based learning and simulation These technologies should make education more accessible and more relevant to the learner

bull Commit to students throughout a lifetime of practice and growth not just a short-term training or educational program This will require a new partnership commitment between student school and employer that will serve each constituency as it adapts to strategic challenges

Professional Associations and Accrediting Organizations

Although they are separate entities professional associations and accrediting organiza-tions often speak for the professional conscience of the frontline health care worker They aim to represent both the publicrsquos interest and the interests of their members Usually member interests outweigh the publicrsquos interest as professional associations pursue a familiar pathway of more restrictive and protective accreditation and licen-sure more education and higher pay This form of protectionism has served the interests of the health professions for more than a century but it now threatens the viability of the health care system Instead leaders of the frontline health professional organizations can

Conclu

sion

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 131

bull Invite other aligned and similar frontline groups into larger affi nity combinations to consolidate action Smaller groups will be easier to ignore in the changes that are to come larger and broader groups will create a context for more effective action

bull Encourage education programs to respond to the need to create new value by changing the competencies provided to students broadening the work to educate more generally and making the movement through education effi cient and continuous after graduation

bull Alter the accreditation and licensure process to focus less on testing for entry and more on continuous improvement of quality and adaptation to changes in the environment

bull Work to ensure that the system is an agent of change by encouraging innovation lowering regulations and simplifying processes involved for assurance of professional status

Researchers

Understanding the value of the frontline workforce how it is changing and what might be done to accelerate the change process is a valued but largely ignored topic by most researchers Analyzing these and related dimensions of the frontline workforce in a critical manner will be essential to any effort to position the frontline occupations for signifi cant change To address these changes researchers and the institutions that support them should

bull Develop a national discussion to focus and refi ne a shared research agenda related to how frontline health professionals can transition to the new roles described above

bull Facilitate partnerships between education and delivery groups and organizations (particularly in the private sector) to provide support for research and access to key data for action research projects that meet the business needs of the sponsoring organizations

Policy-makers and Public Agencies

Over the past two decades the public and private sectors have built a large infrastructure to support the development of the health and health care workforce At the ground level regional workforce centers are often well integrated with both employers and educators Policy-makers and public agencies however often fail to connect this resource to a solution to do so they should take the following steps

bull Enhance understanding of the role and experience of regional workforce centers in developing programs to integrate education and work among employers labor and policy-makers

bull Target and fund breakthrough innovations that bring rapid cycle improvement to education transition to work retraining and assessment of value

bull Use existing relationships at the community level to build stronger programs among labor management practice and education to demonstrate the value of such enlarged and expanded partnerships

Conclu

sion

132 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

bull Build on the existing leadership of community and local agencies and partnerships to strengthen their ability to negotiate and play a genuine broker role among the various parties including labor schools and employers

Foundations

Community regional and national foundations have played an important role in other workforce areas including nursing and medicine For the frontline workforce foundations can provide needed leadership and capital for all of the activities described above Foundations can undertake the following specifi c strategic actions

bull Convene key actors at the local regional or state level to discuss priorities share resources and determine if a shared vision can emerge

bull Fund demonstration programs particularly when they involve more than one key partner or when they involve a truly innovative approach or have a demonstrated way of measuring the value of the experiment

bull Build the leadership skills and capacities of key actors across the continuum of stakeholders particularly at the local and regional level

bull Recognize achievement that advances the principles of an improved frontline workforce and highlight particular models that are worthy of replication and implementation

The research team used a deliberate process to identify a working defi nition of the frontline health and health care workforce and the occupations included in that classifi cation for this chartbook This defi nition of ldquofrontlinerdquo is less an exclusionary mechanism than a way to delimit a set of occupational categories on which to focus the research

The researchers used the Bureau of Labor Statistics 2000 Standard Occupational Classifi cation (SOC) System as the source for occupational categories The SOC offers important advantages it is comprehensive it is the federal government standard and it has a fl exible structure scaled from broad categories to detailed occupations It also links to key resources such as the Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment Statistics dataset and the Occupational Outlook Handbook and has a pre-built crosswalk to the Census 2000 databank where a wealth of job title detail (more than 31000 titles) is available to fl esh out the SOC data

A review of the complete SOC listing of 23 major categories covering all occupations resulted in the identifi cation of eight categories that constitute all health and health care occupations From this group key health care and human services occupations outside the scope of the criteria defi ned for this researchmdashoccupations with little or no direct patient or client contact research-based occupations and sales- and retail-focused occupationsmdashwere eliminated The remaining occupational groups were reviewed and further delineated using the Census 2000 job title database then cross-referenced using several sources including civil service occupation listings from the federal government and four states (California Texas New York and New Jersey) The result is a working universe of 78 occupational groups and more than 840 Census 2000 job titles encompassing a full range of direct care providers from registered nurses and surgeons to various health care support and technical roles

The researchers then identifi ed and categorized the frontline health and health care delivery occupations that are a subset of the larger universe of all health and health care delivery occupations Following a review of the preliminary available occupational data the following criteria were developed as defi ning characteristics of frontline workers

bull provide a high level of direct patientclient care or care delivery support services

bull require educational training of a bachelorrsquos degree or below and

bull earn annual wages of $40000 or less

The researchers then excluded from the larger set of health and health care delivery occupations those that do not meet these criteria Exceptions were made for a few occupational groups Social workers and counselors are included although many do have a masterrsquos degree and two allied health roles (radiologic technologiststechnicians and occupational health and safety specialists) are included despite median annual earnings slightly more than $40000 In these cases it was determined that the occupa-tional categories fi t the overall defi nition and characteristics of the frontline workforce and should therefore be included

Appendix A

Extended Methodology and Data Availability

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 133

Initially a preliminary report was released that profi led 20 frontline workforce occupational groups and included federal level employment and wage data along with some secondary research presented as narrative overviews This report details how the frontline workforce was defi ned and offers both quantitative and qualitative information on each of the profi led occupational groups in an effort to enhance understanding of the environment and challenges each faces (Solomon Schindel OrsquoNeil and Cherner Defi ning the Frontline Workforce Princeton NJ The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation September 2005) For this chartbook that preliminary set of 20 occupational groups was expanded to 32 Many allied health rolesmdashleft out of the preliminary report due to the notion that suffi cient information on those roles was already availablemdashhave been included here to provide a more comprehensive profi le of the total frontline workforce

National Level Data Availability

Employment Projections

The researchers gathered data on 2002 occupational employment and 2012 occupa-tional employment projections through Bureau of Labor Statistics and individual state labor market information sources These projections refl ect

bull anticipated growth rates of frontline occupations

bull projected job openings due to occupational growth

bull projected job openings due to ldquoreplacementsrdquo (workers retiring leaving the profession or leaving employment altogether) and

bull ldquototal average annual job openingsrdquo (total number of job openings due to both growth and replacements needs)

Based on this data the researchers analyzed and compared growth ratepercentage total average annual job openings and the percentage of openings due to growth and to replacement needs

Wage Outlook

Using the Bureau of Labor Statistics November 2004 wage estimates along with the archived 2000 wage estimates the researchers gathered data on mean annual wages the 2000ndash2004 wage gain and the 10th to 90th percentile wage range for each occupation The researchers were then able to determine the wage outlook for each occupation and compared our fi ndings across the workforce noting where and how occupations varied in terms of wages and earning potential

Demographics

The demographic data available for frontline occupations are limited The Bureau of Labor Statistics does provide some data on gender and racial breakdown within occupations but much of the information is aggregated across several occupational categories For instance demographics are available for the occupational category representing all ldquodiagnostic and related health diagnosing technologists and techni-ciansrdquo which includes several frontline allied health roles as well as a few non-frontline occupations but they are not available for particular frontline job titles

Ap

pend

ix A

Exte

nded M

eth

odolo

gy a

nd D

ata

Ava

ilability

134 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

within that occupational category Thus it is not possible to use those demographics to make specifi c analyses based on particular occupations Instead higher-level demographics are used in this chartbook to offer insight into the frontline workforce as a whole and how selected occupational categories compare in terms of their percentage of minority workers

Educational Training Level

The data on educational training level are also somewhat limited but the researchers used the Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Projections and Training Data standard educational training level classifi cations to identify the most signifi cant training and educational pathways to employment for particular frontline occupations These data defi ne 11 categories of educational training Frontline workforce occupa-tions can be categorized into six of these educational training levels

bull short-term on-the-job training (up to 1 month)

bull moderate-term on-the-job training (1 to 12 months)

bull postsecondary vocational award

bull associate degree

bull bachelorrsquos degree and

bull masterrsquos degree

Although these classifi cations are somewhat general they are assigned to particular occupations and are not aggregated across multiple occupational categories as a result researchers can compare and look for patterns based on the standard educational training for occupations represented in this workforce

Workplace Distribution

The researchers gathered federal level data on the workplace distribution for workers in frontline occupations showing the percentage breakdown in different work settings However there are more than 25 ldquosettingsrdquo categories that include not only actual settings (such as medical laboratories psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals and physician offi ces) but also more descriptive settings with affi liated employees (such as home health care services and federal government institutions) Because there are so many workplace designations there is a great deal of distribution and it is not possible to draw any signifi cant inferences or analyses However some points of interest are included as additional fi ndings in the occupational profi les beginning on page 27

State Level Data Availability

One of the primary purposes of this chartbook is to provide a view of the occupa-tional outlook for the frontline workforce at the state level in addition to the national level State variation (or lack of variation) is highlighted for key data such as per capita employment average occupational wage and occupational wage gains for the frontline occupations To keep state-level data consistent with national-level data the researchers used occupational data from each statersquos labor market information online data sources

Ap

pend

ix A

Exte

nded M

eth

odolo

gy a

nd D

ata

Ava

ilability

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 135

Employment Projections

Each state labor market information resource presents data in slightly different ways although the majority provide occupational employment projection data aligned with the federal Bureau of Labor Statistics Standard Occupational Classifi cation (SOC) If a state provided no occupational projection data the researchers used the American Labor Market Information System (ALMIS) Web site (wwwprojectionscentralcom) This resource stores and maintains labor market economic and occupational data and is maintained jointly by the states and the United States Department of Laborrsquos Employment and Training Administration (ETA) In some cases states maintain infor-mation in ALMIS that is not accessible on a separate state labor market information Web site Some states did not have employment data for some of the occupations in the frontline workforce because the occupational population has been too small to track (indicated in the data tables with ldquonardquo) Data were also gathered on the total population for each state and per capita employment for each occupation by state was calculated

In our total growth rate and average annual openings percentage calculations we have relied on the data as presented by the state labor market information sources andor the ALMIS web site In a limited number of instances this produced some atypical results which we have left in the Appendix B State by State Data Tables rather than attempt to amend source data

Wage Outlook

The researchers obtained state wage data from a database maintained by the Bureau of Labor Statistics Although the database did not include state-by-state employment projections it did provide some occupation-specifi c wage information (mentioned below) for each state As the researchers began gathering the data the November 2004 current wage data were released these data were used in the analyses For each occupation data were we on 2004 mean annual wage 2000ndash2004 wage gain and 10thndash90th percentile wage range across all 50 states Average state wage data for all occupations were also included in the analyses as a benchmark

Unavailable Data

Although state-level employment and wage outlook and trend data were available for the research team to gather and analyze there was no consistent source of state-level data on demographics educational training requirements or workplace distribution for frontline occupations Some state labor market information sources provided an overall gender and racial breakdown for the state workforce as a whole but these data were not available at the state level for particular occupations Demographic educational training or workplace distribution information available through studies or other publications is included as additional fi ndings in the occupational profi les beginning on page 27

Additional Data

To supplement the core data presented through this chartbook the researchers gathered additional data from relevant publications and reports Particularly salient data points or patterns from these secondary resources are included in the occupa-tional profi les

Ap

pend

ix A

Exte

nded M

eth

odolo

gy a

nd D

ata

Ava

ilability

136 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 137

Appendix B

TablesmdashOccupational Profi les State by State Data

Allied Health Roles

Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians 139

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics 142

Medical Assistants 145

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians 148

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians 151

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists 154

Pharmacy Technicians 157

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians 160

Respiratory Therapy Technicians 163

Surgical Technologists 166

Community and Public Health Roles

Health Educators 169

Medical and Public Health Social Workers 172

Social and Human Services Assistants 175

Long-term Care Roles

Home Health Aides 178

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants 181

Personal and Home Care Aides 184

Mental Health and Substance Abuse RolesMental Health Counselors 187

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers 190

Psychiatric Aides 193

Psychiatric Technicians 196

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors 199

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Child Family and School Social Workers 202

Dental Assistants 205

Dietetic Technicians 208

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses 211

Medical Transcriptionists 214

Occupational Therapist Assistants 217

Pharmacy Aides 220

Physical Therapist Aides 223

Physical Therapist Assistants 226

Recreational Therapists 229

Rehabilitation Counselors 232

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 379

Maryland 241

North Dakota 230

South Carolina 224

West Virginia 224

Michigan 211

South Dakota 200

Kentucky 198

Alabama 196

Louisiana 194

Massachusetts 193

Pennsylvania 191

Nebraska 189

Florida 188

Tennessee 185

New York 184

Connecticut 176

Nevada 166

Maine 164

New Jersey 163

Indiana 162

Oklahoma 161

Montana 159

Rhode Island 159

Mississippi 154

Virginia 151

Ohio 146

Illinois 145

New Hampshire 144

Minnesota 143

Delaware 136

Hawaii 130

Georgia 126

Iowa 126

North Carolina 124

Kansas 122

Oregon 119

Colorado 118

Utah 116

Wisconsin 114

Missouri 113

Washington 110

Arkansas 109

Texas 108

California 94

Arizona 92

New Mexico 81

Idaho 61

Alaska 50

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 667

Pennsylvania 536

Washington 533

Utah 500

Kentucky 469

Connecticut 467

Oklahoma 467

South Carolina 467

Colorado 464

Oregon 450

Alabama 429

Massachusetts 429

North Dakota 429

Illinois 415

New York 412

Nebraska 400

Michigan 396

Maryland 391

Ohio 378

Kansas 375

New Jersey 375

Missouri 367

Tennessee 364

Arkansas 353

California 353

Virginia 351

Louisiana 350

West Virginia 348

Delaware 333

Idaho 333

Iowa 333

Minnesota 333

Rhode Island 333

South Dakota 333

Texas 310

Maine 308

Indiana 300

Montana 300

Nevada 300

Florida 289

Georgia 286

North Carolina 286

Mississippi 267

New Hampshire 250

Wisconsin 250

Arizona 237

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

New Mexico NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Idaho 598

Nevada 583

Arizona 572

Colorado 566

Utah 519

Mississippi 492

Montana 483

New Hampshire 478

Georgia 472

North Carolina 456

Kansas 455

Florida 430

Texas 426

Maine 404

Wisconsin 403

New Mexico 400

Arkansas 395

West Virginia 384

South Dakota 382

Delaware 364

Minnesota 362

New Jersey 357

Indiana 350

Tennessee 346

Alaska 344

Rhode Island 341

California 333

Virginia 333

North Dakota 315

Ohio 305

Louisiana 299

Maryland 298

Missouri 297

Michigan 292

Massachusetts 290

Oklahoma 286

Iowa 284

Nebraska 281

New York 276

Illinois 263

Connecticut 262

Hawaii 250

Oregon 238

Kentucky 212

Washington 209

Alabama 205

South Carolina 174

Pennsylvania 165

District of Columbia 107

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Ap

pend

ix B

Ta

ble

s |

Allie

d H

ealth

Ro

les | C

ard

iova

scula

r Technolo

gists a

nd Te

chnic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 139

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Maine $29900 $42710 428

Alabama 27920 39330 409

Nevada 31060 42430 366

Indiana 26790 35680 332

North Dakota 25470 33720 324

Virginia 32910 43010 307

New Jersey 36710 47970 307

Mississippi 28110 36740 307

Nebraska 31170 40490 299

Rhode Island 34130 43610 278

Alaska 42150 53620 272

Texas 31300 39240 254

Tennessee 27950 34850 247

Oregon 36280 45040 241

Washington 42520 52650 238

New Mexico 34230 42030 228

Pennsylvania 31330 38480 228

North Carolina 33430 40630 215

Georgia 29920 36360 215

Idaho 31480 38180 213

Michigan 37270 44970 207

Wisconsin 33110 39820 203

Iowa 30420 36330 194

Colorado 35050 41800 193

Kansas 33300 39680 192

California 40180 47760 189

Arkansas 33090 39170 184

Massachusetts 41090 47280 151

New Hampshire 41720 47900 148

Ohio 35340 40290 140

Missouri 30850 34980 134

Illinois 34160 38670 132

Arizona 35080 39530 127

South Dakota 33090 37200 124

District of Columbia 39590 44440 123

Maryland 39860 43460 90

Florida 33090 36060 90

Hawaii 39130 42340 82

New York 41270 44260 72

West Virginia 33410 35150 52

Louisiana 31250 32780 49

Connecticut 42020 43570 37

Oklahoma 28030 29050 36

Montana 39140 38640 -13

Kentucky 35930 35420 -14

South Carolina 41770 39450 -56

Delaware 37520 NA NA

Minnesota NA 41550 NA

Utah 35230 NA NA

Vermont $32440 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Washington $52650 $40860

Alaska 53620 42170

New Hampshire 47900 37450

Arkansas 39170 29560

Maine 42710 33480

New Mexico 42030 33000

Montana 38640 29880

Nevada 42430 34300

South Dakota 37200 29080

Mississippi 36740 28630

Oregon 45040 36980

South Carolina 39450 31940

Nebraska 40490 33060

Alabama 39330 31940

North Carolina 40630 34120

Kansas 39680 33780

California 47760 41980

Hawaii 42340 36750

Idaho 38180 32770

Michigan 44970 39590

Rhode Island 43610 38240

New Jersey 47970 43040

West Virginia 35150 30470

Arizona 39530 34880

Wisconsin 39820 35240

Ohio 40290 35910

Iowa 36330 31990

Texas 39240 35310

Virginia 43010 39130

Kentucky 35420 32170

North Dakota 33720 30620

Pennsylvania 38480 35970

Florida 36060 33750

Tennessee 34850 32730

Maryland 43460 41360

Colorado 41800 39820

Massachusetts 47280 45290

Indiana 35680 33820

Minnesota 41550 39840

Louisiana 32780 31230

New York 44260 43590

Georgia 36360 35840

Missouri 34980 34460

Illinois 38670 38580

Connecticut 43570 44400

Oklahoma 29050 31150

District of Columbia 44440 57980

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10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Alabama $17960 $70300 2914

Louisiana 16510 54900 2325

Virginia 22120 69330 2134

Mississippi 18320 56840 2103

Arizona 23320 70750 2034

Oklahoma 16860 50170 1976

Massachusetts 25230 73730 1922

Oregon 23950 68120 1844

Missouri 19660 55490 1822

Idaho 21100 59170 1804

Maine 22330 62330 1791

Georgia 20410 56380 1762

Tennessee 19910 54810 1753

Indiana 20370 56060 1752

Kentucky 20110 55300 1750

Texas 21340 58310 1732

Florida 20290 55320 1726

South Dakota 20480 55460 1708

Colorado 24250 65500 1701

Connecticut 25140 67060 1667

North Dakota 19800 52640 1659

Illinois 22210 58390 1629

South Carolina 22220 58220 1620

Pennsylvania 22140 57430 1594

Rhode Island 25260 64150 1540

Montana 22630 56710 1506

North Carolina 23540 58780 1497

Kansas 22500 56120 1494

New Hampshire 27660 67570 1443

New York 26480 64600 1440

Nebraska 23690 57680 1435

Hawaii 25660 62400 1432

California 28760 69890 1430

Alaska 30780 74480 1420

Arkansas 23510 56880 1419

Wisconsin 24210 57810 1388

New Mexico 23980 57220 1386

Minnesota 25410 59330 1335

New Jersey 30070 69260 1303

Maryland 25980 59090 1274

Ohio 25030 55780 1229

Washington 32280 71580 1217

Nevada 26350 57580 1185

District of Columbia 27850 60550 1174

Michigan 27940 59830 1141

West Virginia 21660 45980 1123

Iowa 23910 49270 1061

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Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 1086

Colorado 486

Nevada 443

New Mexico 402

Utah 389

Minnesota 382

New Hampshire 378

Virginia 362

Texas 357

Mississippi 348

Alabama 341

Kansas 335

Vermont 332

Montana 325

Arkansas 323

California 321

Georgia 314

Pennsylvania 305

New Jersey 302

Oklahoma 298

Florida 292

Louisiana 290

Alaska 286

Kentucky 283

Wisconsin 281

Missouri 276

South Dakota 275

Ohio 275

North Dakota 272

Rhode Island 258

West Virginia 244

North Carolina 244

Delaware 241

New York 241

Idaho 240

Indiana 235

Illinois 230

Maryland 230

South Carolina 217

Maine 210

Hawaii 208

Nebraska 208

Tennessee 208

Washington 198

Iowa 196

Wyoming 167

Massachusetts 161

Oregon 159

Connecticut 129

Michigan 127

District of Columbia 00

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 1000

Massachusetts 608

Oregon 600

Wyoming 600

Hawaii 500

Connecticut 486

Michigan 474

Colorado 466

Alaska 450

Kansas 430

Washington 425

Iowa 417

Nebraska 385

South Carolina 367

Tennessee 364

Maine 347

Illinois 333

Indiana 333

Rhode Island 333

West Virginia 329

Maryland 327

Idaho 325

New York 324

Louisiana 307

North Carolina 304

Delaware 300

Wisconsin 300

Missouri 295

Ohio 295

New Jersey 294

Florida 289

Kentucky 288

North Dakota 286

Pennsylvania 274

South Dakota 273

California 267

Nevada 267

Arkansas 262

Alabama 259

Georgia 252

Montana 250

Utah 250

Mississippi 247

Oklahoma 244

Texas 243

New Hampshire 238

Virginia 238

Vermont 235

Minnesota 228

New Mexico 180

Arizona 97

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 1240

Maine 1165

North Dakota 1147

Pennsylvania 1129

West Virginia 1088

Kentucky 985

Missouri 938

Kansas 936

Wisconsin 903

Massachusetts 889

Tennessee 872

Idaho 848

Connecticut 807

Ohio 801

Georgia 794

North Carolina 765

South Dakota 756

Louisiana 748

Arkansas 709

Mississippi 700

Minnesota 685

Utah 677

Illinois 671

Iowa 670

New Hampshire 662

Oklahoma 654

Colorado 654

Alabama 640

Vermont 620

Montana 604

Maryland 604

Texas 562

Michigan 556

Indiana 554

New Mexico 550

Alaska 546

New York 546

Rhode Island 515

Florida 512

New Jersey 501

Oregon 483

Wyoming 481

Nevada 447

South Carolina 426

California 392

Hawaii 389

Washington 382

Virginia 362

Delaware 360

Arizona 284

Nebraska 225

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142 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

North Dakota $18510 $26960 457

Rhode Island 23240 33290 432

Maryland 26270 37260 418

Wyoming 17740 25060 413

Hawaii 25980 35960 384

Utah 18970 26180 380

Alaska 29060 39020 343

Idaho 22860 30160 319

Massachusetts 26700 34810 304

Missouri 25050 31250 248

Michigan 23340 29010 243

New Hampshire 23170 28360 224

Arizona 21760 26610 223

Nebraska 21760 26570 221

Iowa 20430 24680 208

Kansas 17940 21590 203

Georgia 22100 26470 198

Vermont 20560 24590 196

New York 29290 34560 180

Indiana 22590 26490 173

New Jersey 27160 31650 165

Kentucky 19630 22820 163

Texas 22460 26040 159

Colorado 27680 31970 155

Maine 21440 24650 150

North Carolina 23900 27390 146

Ohio 23990 27410 143

Mississippi 22200 25320 141

Washington 32080 36410 135

Arkansas 21460 24350 135

Pennsylvania 22550 25300 122

Louisiana 24320 27120 115

Virginia 23810 26550 115

New Mexico 26610 29610 113

South Carolina 24290 26980 111

South Dakota 21070 23210 102

Connecticut 29130 32030 100

Illinois 26960 29500 94

Florida 25810 28220 93

Montana 19400 21000 82

Minnesota 27550 29670 77

Tennessee 24500 25030 22

West Virginia 19580 19650 04

Wisconsin 22700 22380 -14

Alabama 21600 21150 -21

California 29580 27460 -72

Oregon 35460 29260 -175

Delaware NA 30150 NA

District of Columbia NA 40800 NA

Nevada NA NA NA

Oklahoma 19580 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Hawaii $35960 $36750

Idaho 30160 32770

Alaska 39020 42170

Missouri 31250 34460

Mississippi 25320 28630

New Mexico 29610 33000

North Dakota 26960 30620

Louisiana 27120 31230

Maryland 37260 41360

Washington 36410 40860

Rhode Island 33290 38240

South Carolina 26980 31940

Arkansas 24350 29560

Florida 28220 33750

South Dakota 23210 29080

Nebraska 26570 33060

North Carolina 27390 34120

Iowa 24680 31990

Indiana 26490 33820

Wyoming 25060 32510

Oregon 29260 36980

Tennessee 25030 32730

Colorado 31970 39820

Utah 26180 34110

Arizona 26610 34880

Ohio 27410 35910

Maine 24650 33480

Montana 21000 29880

Delaware 30150 39050

New York 34560 43590

Illinois 29500 38580

New Hampshire 28360 37450

Texas 26040 35310

Kentucky 22820 32170

Georgia 26470 35840

Vermont 24590 34650

Minnesota 29670 39840

Massachusetts 34810 45290

Michigan 29010 39590

Pennsylvania 25300 35970

Alabama 21150 31940

West Virginia 19650 30470

New Jersey 31650 43040

Kansas 21590 33780

Connecticut 32030 44400

Virginia 26550 39130

Wisconsin 22380 35240

California 27460 41980

District of Columbia 40800 57980

Nevada NA 34300

Oklahoma NA 31150

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 143

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Maryland $17210 $67040 2895

Washington 13160 44120 2353

Hawaii 15810 52150 2299

Massachusetts 15060 45890 2047

New York 17470 51340 1939

Rhode Island 12020 35260 1933

Connecticut 13770 40270 1924

Colorado 13800 39970 1896

New Jersey 12130 35020 1887

Missouri 17520 47780 1727

Idaho 12040 32690 1715

Delaware 19750 52940 1681

Minnesota 16180 43210 1671

New Mexico 21240 56310 1651

Illinois 16120 42730 1651

Oregon 17120 45380 1651

Michigan 17050 44660 1619

New Hampshire 14800 38360 1592

Florida 16790 43440 1587

California 15330 39390 1569

Ohio 14450 35570 1462

North Carolina 14430 35400 1453

Louisiana 12990 31860 1453

South Carolina 18580 45510 1449

North Dakota 15900 37740 1374

Arizona 12370 29200 1361

Nebraska 15870 37070 1336

Virginia 16770 39090 1331

Indiana 20180 46550 1307

Georgia 15560 35610 1289

Utah 20850 47290 1268

Texas 19870 44560 1243

Mississippi 22920 50680 1211

Pennsylvania 18930 41510 1193

Wyoming 16400 35920 1190

Tennessee 16880 36560 1166

Iowa 16490 35520 1154

Maine 12560 26870 1139

Vermont 17870 38150 1135

Arkansas 21350 44690 1093

South Dakota 19380 40280 1078

Kentucky 17880 37060 1073

Wisconsin 15930 32010 1009

Kansas 17890 35500 984

Alabama 18750 37090 978

Montana 22850 43530 905

West Virginia 17860 32570 824

Nevada 31610 52150 650

Oklahoma 23900 37140 554

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144 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Total Growth

State Percentage

Idaho 810

Arizona 785

Wyoming 727

Arkansas 718

Utah 694

Kansas 690

Georgia 686

Virginia 686

New Hampshire 676

Tennessee 650

Maine 643

New Mexico 638

Colorado 633

Texas 622

New Jersey 622

Nevada 615

Kentucky 614

North Carolina 609

Florida 591

South Dakota 587

Wisconsin 581

Missouri 577

Indiana 563

Maryland 534

Montana 533

Ohio 524

Alabama 513

Vermont 512

Mississippi 510

Oklahoma 504

Louisiana 502

Delaware 500

Massachusetts 491

Minnesota 489

West Virginia 477

Iowa 475

Rhode Island 474

Alaska 472

Connecticut 466

California 460

Pennsylvania 459

New York 449

South Carolina 446

Illinois 445

Michigan 444

Hawaii 443

North Dakota 383

Nebraska 312

District of Columbia 312

Oregon 238

Washington 203

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Oregon 552

Washington 494

Colorado 466

Alaska 375

Nebraska 372

North Dakota 364

District of Columbia 362

Massachusetts 351

Hawaii 304

South Carolina 295

Michigan 294

Illinois 294

New York 292

California 287

Pennsylvania 287

Iowa 286

West Virginia 283

Connecticut 280

Louisiana 279

Kansas 279

Vermont 278

Rhode Island 277

Minnesota 274

Delaware 271

Alabama 271

Mississippi 268

Ohio 261

Oklahoma 258

Maryland 258

Indiana 254

Montana 254

Missouri 242

Florida 237

South Dakota 235

Wisconsin 234

New Jersey 233

Kentucky 232

Nevada 232

North Carolina 231

Texas 229

Maine 223

New Mexico 221

Tennessee 218

New Hampshire 217

Georgia 213

Virginia 212

Utah 207

Arkansas 202

Wyoming 200

Arizona 191

Idaho 189

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Hawaii 2908

Arizona 2013

Texas 1945

Nebraska 1728

District of Columbia 1690

Michigan 1566

Florida 1532

South Carolina 1503

Kentucky 1476

California 1449

Ohio 1443

Washington 1434

Oregon 1430

Rhode Island 1430

Utah 1423

Tennessee 1371

Connecticut 1347

Pennsylvania 1337

Oklahoma 1307

Georgia 1303

New Jersey 1294

Colorado 1285

Indiana 1281

New Mexico 1251

Maine 1211

Missouri 1203

South Dakota 1165

Maryland 1127

Wisconsin 1123

Delaware 1067

New York 1065

Minnesota 1036

Nevada 1021

Kansas 1010

Virginia 991

North Carolina 978

Montana 962

Louisiana 929

Massachusetts 898

Vermont 837

New Hampshire 829

Alaska 827

West Virginia 826

Alabama 761

Illinois 751

Iowa 721

Idaho 710

Mississippi 693

Arkansas 444

North Dakota 305

Wyoming 220

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2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Idaho $21950 $28430 295

Delaware 21570 27670 283

Rhode Island 22010 26650 211

Washington 25110 29870 190

New Mexico 20550 24440 189

West Virginia 17450 20650 183

Oklahoma 19510 23030 180

Nebraska 20450 24040 176

Hawaii 25160 29530 174

Wyoming 19150 22390 169

Arizona 21680 25150 160

South Dakota 19510 22560 156

Oregon 25290 29120 151

Colorado 24370 27890 144

Iowa 21990 24930 134

Massachusetts 27090 30690 133

Virginia 22980 25940 129

New Hampshire 24430 27530 127

Georgia 22660 25420 122

Wisconsin 24080 26890 117

Alabama 19850 22160 116

New Jersey 26060 28990 112

Michigan 23070 25640 111

Maryland 24110 26750 109

South Carolina 21490 23800 107

Indiana 23140 25550 104

Montana 21300 23420 100

Utah 20340 22280 95

Illinois 25830 28280 95

Kansas 20760 22720 94

North Carolina 23260 25250 86

Missouri 21620 23470 86

California 26870 29160 85

Maine 24390 26440 84

Minnesota 26150 28260 81

Ohio 22440 24160 77

Nevada 25000 26880 75

Florida 22640 24150 67

Kentucky 21720 23100 64

Mississippi 19190 20280 57

Louisiana 20310 21390 53

Arkansas 20270 21300 51

Texas 21210 22230 48

Tennessee 22270 23340 48

District of Columbia 30570 31640 35

Pennsylvania 23740 24560 35

Connecticut 29320 29920 20

North Dakota 21480 21840 17

New York 26720 27160 16

Alaska 31220 31370 05

Vermont 27210 26250 -35

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Idaho $28430 $32770

Montana 23420 29880

South Dakota 22560 29080

Maine 26440 33480

Iowa 24930 31990

Hawaii 29530 36750

Nevada 26880 34300

Oregon 29120 36980

Oklahoma 23030 31150

South Carolina 23800 31940

Arkansas 21300 29560

Indiana 25550 33820

Wisconsin 26890 35240

Mississippi 20280 28630

Vermont 26250 34650

New Mexico 24440 33000

North Dakota 21840 30620

North Carolina 25250 34120

Nebraska 24040 33060

Kentucky 23100 32170

Tennessee 23340 32730

Florida 24150 33750

Arizona 25150 34880

Alabama 22160 31940

West Virginia 20650 30470

Louisiana 21390 31230

New Hampshire 27530 37450

Wyoming 22390 32510

Illinois 28280 38580

Georgia 25420 35840

Alaska 31370 42170

Washington 29870 40860

Missouri 23470 34460

Kansas 22720 33780

Delaware 27670 39050

Pennsylvania 24560 35970

Minnesota 28260 39840

Rhode Island 26650 38240

Ohio 24160 35910

Utah 22280 34110

Colorado 27890 39820

California 29160 41980

Texas 22230 35310

Virginia 25940 39130

Michigan 25640 39590

New Jersey 28990 43040

Connecticut 29920 44400

Maryland 26750 41360

Massachusetts 30690 45290

New York 27160 43590

District of Columbia 31640 57980

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146 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

California $19340 $43360 1242

Illinois 19070 41980 1201

Idaho 18820 40880 1172

New Jersey 18950 40550 1140

Texas 14790 31020 1097

Virginia 18770 37620 1004

Alabama 15590 30590 962

Arkansas 15110 29320 940

New York 19180 36880 923

District of Columbia 22390 42730 908

Rhode Island 19510 36890 891

New Mexico 18120 34080 881

Missouri 16900 31760 879

Louisiana 15000 27970 865

Pennsylvania 17770 32940 854

Arizona 18500 34290 854

West Virginia 14720 27250 851

Colorado 19600 36200 847

Oregon 21270 39100 838

Maine 19240 35270 833

Maryland 19390 35200 815

Wyoming 15980 28530 785

North Carolina 18850 33450 775

Indiana 19110 33840 771

Mississippi 15000 26480 765

Nevada 19750 34840 764

Georgia 18800 33010 756

Kentucky 16850 29580 755

North Dakota 16170 28360 754

Tennessee 17700 31020 753

Washington 21980 38410 747

Florida 18430 32200 747

Iowa 18790 32750 743

Minnesota 20560 35600 732

Oklahoma 16860 28870 712

Alaska 23990 41000 709

Nebraska 18490 31550 706

Ohio 18580 31660 704

Delaware 21220 36090 701

Michigan 19520 32980 690

South Carolina 18220 30550 677

Wisconsin 20670 34270 658

Massachusetts 23540 38970 655

Vermont 20220 33320 648

Connecticut 23390 38440 643

Kansas 17820 29080 632

Hawaii 22630 36400 608

Montana 18270 29060 591

South Dakota 18400 27900 516

Utah 18280 27710 516

New Hampshire 22860 34460 507

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Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 528

Utah 375

Idaho 370

Nevada 329

Colorado 296

New Hampshire 286

New Mexico 274

Georgia 274

Virginia 271

Minnesota 268

Florida 255

Kansas 250

Wisconsin 250

Mississippi 248

North Carolina 246

Texas 246

Oregon 238

Tennessee 237

Maine 236

Arkansas 220

Montana 217

Alabama 211

Washington 206

New Jersey 205

Alaska 200

Maryland 195

Indiana 193

South Dakota 191

California 190

Oklahoma 160

Missouri 154

West Virginia 145

Massachusetts 143

Kentucky 139

Michigan 139

Vermont 138

Ohio 128

Hawaii 125

Louisiana 123

Iowa 120

Rhode Island 118

Wyoming 111

Nebraska 105

Illinois 100

North Dakota 98

Delaware 93

New York 84

South Carolina 79

Connecticut 69

Pennsylvania 61

District of Columbia 00

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 926

Arizona 874

Minnesota 764

Missouri 745

Pennsylvania 732

Massachusetts 675

South Carolina 675

Maryland 670

North Dakota 661

Tennessee 654

West Virginia 636

Alabama 625

Vermont 599

Utah 586

Kansas 575

North Carolina 571

Iowa 552

Washington 536

Georgia 535

Delaware 533

Indiana 531

Nebraska 530

Louisiana 527

Arkansas 516

New Jersey 513

South Dakota 509

Ohio 494

Mississippi 480

Oklahoma 467

New York 467

Texas 458

Kentucky 455

Hawaii 454

Maine 453

New Mexico 453

Michigan 452

Florida 415

Colorado 414

Illinois 410

Oregon 406

Rhode Island 396

Wisconsin 382

Connecticut 376

Virginia 368

California 360

Nevada 337

Alaska 312

Montana 299

New Hampshire 241

Idaho 223

Wyoming 180

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 1000

Hawaii 1000

Pennsylvania 817

South Carolina 800

Connecticut 775

New York 750

Illinois 728

Delaware 706

Nebraska 706

Iowa 692

Rhode Island 688

Ohio 679

Louisiana 678

Vermont 667

Michigan 659

Kentucky 658

West Virginia 646

Missouri 639

Oklahoma 629

Massachusetts 622

South Dakota 611

Alaska 600

New Jersey 600

California 586

Washington 581

Indiana 580

Maryland 576

Montana 571

Arkansas 559

Alabama 556

Wisconsin 545

New Mexico 540

Maine 533

Tennessee 526

Texas 524

Mississippi 521

North Carolina 520

Oregon 514

Florida 508

Georgia 500

Minnesota 500

Virginia 497

Kansas 494

New Hampshire 471

Colorado 444

Utah 444

Idaho 421

Nevada 375

Arizona 338

North Dakota 267

Wyoming NA

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2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Illinois $28780 $37200 293

Louisiana 23610 29230 238

Georgia 24420 30050 231

New Hampshire 33710 41100 219

Virginia 26200 31550 204

West Virginia 25430 30480 199

Kentucky 27080 32400 196

Iowa 26440 31620 196

Wisconsin 28820 34220 187

Florida 26170 31040 186

Missouri 24620 29170 185

Indiana 26980 31790 178

Mississippi 24110 28290 173

Nebraska 24960 29220 171

North Carolina 26700 31260 171

New York 32750 38080 163

Minnesota 31300 36170 156

Arizona 25750 29460 144

Kansas 25280 28850 141

Hawaii 31280 35520 136

Colorado 29510 33500 135

New Jersey 34080 38660 134

Tennessee 24830 28060 130

Alaska 39180 44070 125

Michigan 29070 32650 123

Maryland 32340 36290 122

Arkansas 25880 28920 117

California 33590 37200 107

Maine 28590 31620 106

Ohio 27730 30660 106

South Dakota 25450 28140 106

Alabama 25540 28130 101

Pennsylvania 30430 33300 94

Oregon 32920 35940 92

Massachusetts 33230 36180 89

Oklahoma 25050 27130 83

South Carolina 28870 31210 81

Rhode Island 40160 43190 75

Texas 26610 28600 75

Wyoming 26790 28700 71

District of Columbia 32510 34780 70

Washington 30900 32820 62

Idaho 30160 31990 61

Montana 28110 29600 53

North Dakota 28540 29890 47

Connecticut 36540 37970 39

Delaware 28870 29610 26

New Mexico 33780 33810 01

Utah 24990 23460 -61

Nevada 34240 32100 -63

Vermont 28220 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Rhode Island $43190 $38240

New Hampshire 41100 37450

Alaska 44070 42170

New Mexico 33810 33000

Kentucky 32400 32170

West Virginia 30480 30470

Montana 29600 29880

Mississippi 28290 28630

Iowa 31620 31990

Arkansas 28920 29560

South Carolina 31210 31940

North Dakota 29890 30620

Idaho 31990 32770

South Dakota 28140 29080

Wisconsin 34220 35240

Oregon 35940 36980

Hawaii 35520 36750

Illinois 37200 38580

Maine 31620 33480

Louisiana 29230 31230

Indiana 31790 33820

Nevada 32100 34300

Pennsylvania 33300 35970

Florida 31040 33750

North Carolina 31260 34120

Minnesota 36170 39840

Alabama 28130 31940

Wyoming 28700 32510

Nebraska 29220 33060

Oklahoma 27130 31150

Puerto Rico 18020 22070

New Jersey 38660 43040

Tennessee 28060 32730

California 37200 41980

Kansas 28850 33780

Maryland 36290 41360

Ohio 30660 35910

Missouri 29170 34460

Arizona 29460 34880

New York 38080 43590

Georgia 30050 35840

Colorado 33500 39820

Connecticut 37970 44400

Texas 28600 35310

Michigan 32650 39590

Virginia 31550 39130

Washington 32820 40860

Massachusetts 36180 45290

Delaware 29610 39050

Utah 23460 34110

District of Columbia 34780 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 149

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Michigan $17120 $56980 2328

Idaho 20150 53770 1668

Rhode Island 26010 68100 1618

Illinois 22180 57060 1573

Delaware 17840 45640 1558

Louisiana 17910 45360 1533

Alaska 27300 66280 1428

New Mexico 21590 51910 1404

California 23560 56350 1392

New Hampshire 26730 63130 1362

Arizona 18700 44030 1355

Connecticut 24940 57740 1315

South Carolina 19380 44850 1314

Missouri 18820 43230 1297

Maryland 23650 54170 1290

Indiana 20120 45960 1284

Kansas 18610 42510 1284

Florida 19780 45100 1280

Oklahoma 17750 40200 1265

Georgia 19150 43280 1260

Nevada 20560 46280 1251

Mississippi 18260 40950 1243

Oregon 23460 52540 1240

Alabama 18570 41370 1228

West Virginia 19280 42940 1227

District of Columbia 22570 49930 1212

Virginia 20620 44960 1180

Wyoming 19460 42430 1180

Tennessee 18390 39390 1142

Massachusetts 24600 52030 1115

Pennsylvania 21640 45680 1111

New York 25840 54530 1110

Nebraska 19770 41600 1104

Colorado 22570 47380 1099

Kentucky 21580 44610 1067

Utah 16320 33560 1056

Arkansas 19660 40260 1048

Texas 19480 39860 1046

Maine 21240 43320 1040

Iowa 21450 43400 1023

North Carolina 21720 42930 977

Montana 20100 39080 944

Ohio 21840 41360 894

Wisconsin 24380 45830 880

New Jersey 27940 51830 855

Washington 24210 43530 798

North Dakota 22180 39300 772

South Dakota 20930 36880 762

Hawaii 26490 45890 732

Minnesota 27070 45690 688

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Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 731

Nevada 670

Idaho 628

Georgia 599

Colorado 591

New Mexico 581

Utah 566

Texas 553

Tennessee 551

Kansas 551

Maine 546

Wisconsin 544

Virginia 529

Alaska 528

Florida 522

Arkansas 501

Minnesota 492

South Dakota 488

North Carolina 483

Alabama 461

Vermont 457

Montana 456

Massachusetts 451

Indiana 444

Maryland 429

New Jersey 417

Mississippi 415

Oklahoma 415

California 413

Hawaii 411

Iowa 402

Kentucky 398

Ohio 394

Missouri 389

Rhode Island 367

Delaware 367

Illinois 365

New York 356

North Dakota 354

Louisiana 349

West Virginia 348

Nebraska 340

South Carolina 317

Michigan 315

Connecticut 307

Wyoming 286

Pennsylvania 266

Oregon 249

New Hampshire 245

District of Columbia 201

Washington 192

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Oregon 517

New Hampshire 473

Colorado 466

Washington 436

District of Columbia 429

Wyoming 400

Pennsylvania 350

Hawaii 333

Massachusetts 330

Michigan 312

New Jersey 308

North Dakota 300

Nebraska 298

Kansas 292

South Carolina 290

West Virginia 286

Connecticut 283

Illinois 282

New York 281

Rhode Island 273

Ohio 267

Delaware 267

Kentucky 265

Louisiana 264

Maryland 260

Mississippi 260

Missouri 257

California 253

Alabama 250

Indiana 247

Iowa 238

Montana 235

North Carolina 235

Arkansas 228

Oklahoma 227

Minnesota 224

Vermont 222

Wisconsin 222

South Dakota 220

Virginia 213

Florida 213

Maine 213

Tennessee 211

New Mexico 210

Texas 208

Utah 200

Nevada 189

Georgia 186

Idaho 180

Arizona 164

Alaska 50

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

New Hampshire 1571

District of Columbia 1420

South Dakota 1051

North Dakota 948

Missouri 775

New Mexico 733

Kansas 730

Wisconsin 717

Massachusetts 702

Nebraska 688

Washington 686

Maine 683

Oregon 673

North Carolina 653

Mississippi 644

Minnesota 642

Iowa 641

Utah 625

Montana 619

Kentucky 616

Florida 614

Rhode Island 607

Oklahoma 588

Alaska 562

Ohio 557

Arizona 551

West Virginia 550

South Carolina 546

Indiana 523

Louisiana 511

Alabama 509

Nevada 503

Colorado 500

Illinois 500

Vermont 487

Pennsylvania 482

Michigan 480

Idaho 478

Tennessee 476

Georgia 461

Virginia 461

Hawaii 454

Arkansas 453

California 429

Wyoming 421

Texas 412

Maryland 402

Connecticut 396

Delaware 372

New York 336

New Jersey 280

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 151

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

District of Columbia $27140 $35890 322

New Jersey 28610 37350 305

Nevada 24370 31170 279

Wisconsin 22370 28130 257

Virginia 23460 28990 236

West Virginia 18880 23210 229

Maryland 26940 32870 220

Minnesota 24850 30280 219

Massachusetts 24880 30290 217

Arkansas 21810 26450 213

Delaware 23830 28530 197

Maine 21950 26270 197

Kentucky 22680 26850 184

Michigan 25510 30210 184

New York 27940 33030 182

Connecticut 29200 34390 178

North Dakota 20390 23950 175

Florida 23460 27380 167

Ohio 23680 27580 165

Indiana 22440 26120 164

Wyoming 22050 25650 163

Missouri 22430 26110 164

North Carolina 23130 26880 162

Idaho 21460 24850 158

Oklahoma 21300 24620 156

Mississippi 20440 23610 155

Montana 21100 24320 153

Alabama 19820 22840 152

Kansas 21900 25230 152

Pennsylvania 24920 28460 142

New Hampshire 24800 28330 142

South Dakota 22950 26210 142

Washington 26430 30170 142

Georgia 23890 27230 140

Colorado 27230 31010 139

Rhode Island 27550 31190 132

New Mexico 22610 25570 131

Tennessee 22010 24630 119

Illinois 23510 26140 112

Oregon 25960 28760 108

California 28740 31810 107

South Carolina 24390 26700 95

Texas 23450 25550 90

Nebraska 23860 25940 87

Iowa 22800 24770 86

Arizona 25200 27200 79

Alaska 30440 31470 34

Louisiana 22590 22440 -07

Hawaii 33080 31100 -60

Vermont 29900 28000 -64

Utah 21530 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

South Dakota $26210 $29080

Arkansas 26450 29560

Nevada 31170 34300

Mississippi 23610 28630

South Carolina 26700 31940

Kentucky 26850 32170

Montana 24320 29880

Hawaii 31100 36750

New Jersey 37350 43040

Florida 27380 33750

Oklahoma 24620 31150

Vermont 28000 34650

North Dakota 23950 30620

Wyoming 25650 32510

Rhode Island 31190 38240

Nebraska 25940 33060

Wisconsin 28130 35240

Maine 26270 33480

Iowa 24770 31990

North Carolina 26880 34120

West Virginia 23210 30470

New Mexico 25570 33000

Pennsylvania 28460 35970

Arizona 27200 34880

Indiana 26120 33820

Idaho 24850 32770

Tennessee 24630 32730

Oregon 28760 36980

Ohio 27580 35910

Missouri 26110 34460

Maryland 32870 41360

Kansas 25230 33780

Georgia 27230 35840

Colorado 31010 39820

Louisiana 22440 31230

Alabama 22840 31940

New Hampshire 28330 37450

Michigan 30210 39590

Minnesota 30280 39840

Texas 25550 35310

Connecticut 34390 44400

Virginia 28990 39130

California 31810 41980

Delaware 28530 39050

New York 33030 43590

Alaska 31470 42170

Washington 30170 40860

Illinois 26140 38580

Massachusetts 30290 45290

District of Columbia 35890 57980

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152 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Maryland $20280 $51010 1515

California 19480 48760 1503

Arkansas 16580 41320 1492

Kentucky 16670 41470 1488

South Carolina 17070 41960 1458

Louisiana 14290 34790 1435

Michigan 18960 45480 1399

Texas 16350 38400 1349

Virginia 18270 42500 1326

North Carolina 17810 41230 1315

Oklahoma 15540 35940 1313

New Jersey 23450 54130 1308

Alabama 15190 34970 1302

Missouri 17000 39060 1298

Pennsylvania 18490 42430 1295

Georgia 17650 40320 1284

New York 20400 46450 1277

West Virginia 15260 34470 1259

Connecticut 22590 50920 1254

Oregon 18620 41930 1252

Mississippi 15830 35610 1250

Florida 18310 41140 1247

Colorado 20080 44700 1226

Illinois 17200 37840 1200

Kansas 16810 36910 1196

District of Columbia 23950 52470 1191

New Hampshire 18950 41510 1191

Arizona 18370 40230 1190

Tennessee 16440 35880 1182

South Dakota 17760 38580 1172

Wisconsin 19210 41620 1167

Massachusetts 20080 43490 1166

New Mexico 16840 36430 1163

Iowa 16790 36230 1158

Rhode Island 20270 43520 1147

Minnesota 20150 43020 1135

Washington 20090 42890 1135

Nevada 20680 44070 1131

Hawaii 21790 46360 1128

Vermont 19000 39920 1101

Indiana 18170 37670 1073

Montana 16490 34180 1073

Ohio 18880 39090 1070

Nebraska 18220 37040 1033

Wyoming 18020 36270 1013

North Dakota 16860 33780 1004

Maine 18920 36950 953

Delaware 21120 39470 869

Idaho 18800 33570 786

Alaska 23840 42250 772

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 153

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Nebraska 376

Alaska 328

Kentucky 312

Vermont 290

Washington 280

Louisiana 261

Wyoming 260

Arkansas 246

District of Columbia 239

Oregon 216

Connecticut 199

Maine 194

Montana 193

Maryland 187

South Carolina 183

Texas 182

Minnesota 179

South Dakota 170

Kansas 170

Colorado 165

Ohio 164

West Virginia 160

Massachusetts 158

Missouri 151

Alabama 150

Utah 147

Virginia 144

Wisconsin 143

Nevada 143

New Hampshire 138

New York 136

Indiana 133

Hawaii 130

Idaho 125

Michigan 122

Pennsylvania 121

North Carolina 117

North Dakota 114

Oklahoma 106

California 100

Illinois 95

Georgia 95

Iowa 92

Florida 92

Mississippi 76

Rhode Island 75

Arizona 72

Tennessee 66

Delaware NA

New Mexico NA

New Jersey NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

North Dakota 1000

Tennessee 1000

Utah 1000

West Virginia 857

Connecticut 800

Wyoming 800

Pennsylvania 769

Alabama 750

Michigan 750

New York 750

Kansas 737

Indiana 733

Massachusetts 722

Virginia 719

Alaska 700

Georgia 700

Louisiana 700

Oregon 700

Ohio 695

Arkansas 682

District of Columbia 667

Kentucky 667

Maine 667

Montana 667

New Hampshire 667

Rhode Island 667

Wisconsin 667

Missouri 633

Washington 633

Maryland 629

Minnesota 625

South Dakota 600

Illinois 591

Texas 586

Nebraska 583

Vermont 571

Mississippi 556

Nevada 550

California 533

Arizona 529

Florida 517

Idaho 500

Iowa 500

North Carolina 500

Oklahoma 500

Colorado 440

Delaware NA

Hawaii NA

New Jersey NA

New Mexico NA

South Carolina NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Nevada 290

Idaho 268

Utah 206

Arizona 205

California 200

Florida 190

Colorado 189

Wisconsin 179

North Carolina 175

Vermont 173

Mississippi 161

Nebraska 155

Wyoming 154

Illinois 153

Texas 152

Montana 136

Oklahoma 135

Minnesota 134

South Dakota 132

Maine 131

Washington 129

Missouri 128

Hawaii 125

Maryland 123

New Hampshire 119

Oregon 118

Iowa 111

Kentucky 110

Kansas 109

Arkansas 105

Alabama 104

Louisiana 103

Rhode Island 100

Massachusetts 99

Indiana 98

Ohio 96

Alaska 95

North Dakota 83

Virginia 83

Tennessee 79

Georgia 74

Michigan 73

New York 62

Pennsylvania 60

Connecticut 58

District of Columbia 37

South Carolina 13

West Virginia 07

Delaware NA

New Jersey NA

New Mexico NA

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2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Mississippi $32550 $48580 492

Arkansas 33370 48460 452

District of Columbia 53720 76790 429

Illinois 44190 63010 426

Wisconsin 36280 51570 421

Arizona 39770 56080 410

Rhode Island 43080 60280 399

Massachusetts 46360 64590 393

Maryland 44300 61170 381

New Mexico 36930 50690 373

Maine 40700 54400 337

Iowa 38790 51360 324

Tennessee 38590 50970 321

North Carolina 39530 51680 307

Louisiana 36680 47900 306

Georgia 42780 55290 292

Delaware 44990 58020 290

Hawaii 43450 55540 278

South Carolina 30050 38390 278

New Hampshire 47050 59370 262

Washington 47400 59450 254

Nebraska 39520 49420 251

Wyoming 48240 59460 233

Nevada 45470 55660 224

Montana 39930 48890 224

Indiana 41460 50730 224

Vermont 41220 50060 214

Texas 41400 50000 208

Pennsylvania 46740 56330 205

New York 48190 57810 200

Colorado 50350 60260 197

Kansas 37710 45100 196

New Jersey 48610 57720 187

South Dakota 41140 48500 179

Minnesota 49010 57460 172

Connecticut 48440 56630 169

Michigan 49130 56970 160

Kentucky 42780 49530 158

Ohio 43780 49950 141

California 52990 59980 132

Oregon 45200 51110 131

West Virginia 52030 58690 128

Missouri 43220 47520 99

Florida 47650 51860 88

Virginia 46930 50690 80

North Dakota 45330 48760 76

Utah 52140 52760 12

Alabama 48430 47860 -12

Alaska 72550 69920 -36

Oklahoma 51000 48950 -40

Idaho NA 57540 NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

West Virginia $58690 $30470

Alaska 69920 42170

Wyoming 59460 32510

Idaho 57540 32770

Illinois 63010 38580

Rhode Island 60280 38240

New Hampshire 59370 37450

Nevada 55660 34300

Arizona 56080 34880

Maine 54400 33480

Colorado 60260 39820

Pennsylvania 56330 35970

Mississippi 48580 28630

Maryland 61170 41360

Georgia 55290 35840

South Dakota 48500 29080

Iowa 51360 31990

Massachusetts 64590 45290

Montana 48890 29880

Delaware 58020 39050

Arkansas 48460 29560

District of Columbia 76790 57980

Hawaii 55540 36750

Utah 52760 34110

Washington 59450 40860

Tennessee 50970 32730

North Dakota 48760 30620

Florida 51860 33750

California 59980 41980

Oklahoma 48950 31150

New Mexico 50690 33000

Minnesota 57460 39840

North Carolina 51680 34120

Michigan 56970 39590

Kentucky 49530 32170

Indiana 50730 33820

Louisiana 47900 31230

Nebraska 49420 33060

Wisconsin 51570 35240

Alabama 47860 31940

Vermont 50060 34650

New Jersey 57720 43040

Texas 50000 35310

New York 57810 43590

Oregon 51110 36980

Ohio 49950 35910

Missouri 47520 34460

Connecticut 56630 44400

Virginia 50690 39130

Kansas 45100 33780

South Carolina 38390 31940

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 155

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Georgia $25560 $87400 2419

Oklahoma 24200 79280 2276

Louisiana 22230 69910 2145

Alabama 24760 76250 2080

Indiana 27450 84120 2064

Mississippi 25130 75640 2010

Illinois 29930 88790 1967

Texas 26610 78870 1964

Tennessee 26710 77310 1894

Ohio 27790 77000 1771

New Mexico 26220 71660 1733

Pennsylvania 32160 85780 1667

Colorado 33650 87990 1615

Nebraska 30270 78460 1592

Kansas 29280 75450 1577

Missouri 27730 70770 1552

Idaho 35550 90720 1552

Wyoming 35650 88510 1483

California 35640 87000 1441

Arizona 34540 83620 1421

South Carolina 23160 55650 1403

Virginia 31600 75260 1382

New York 36070 84810 1351

Michigan 36370 83820 1305

Maryland 37450 86280 1304

Hawaii 36260 82290 1269

West Virginia 38350 86860 1265

Iowa 31130 70470 1264

New Hampshire 37640 85200 1264

North Dakota 31910 72070 1259

Utah 32620 73240 1245

Connecticut 36970 82080 1220

North Carolina 34300 76000 1216

Massachusetts 40070 88560 1210

Nevada 34960 77220 1209

Wisconsin 33670 73140 1172

Montana 33720 72930 1163

Kentucky 31570 68250 1162

Florida 34030 73420 1158

New Jersey 37580 80810 1150

Alaska 46530 98010 1106

Oregon 34960 72230 1066

Delaware 38930 79770 1049

District of Columbia 51690 104710 1026

Rhode Island 42410 85560 1017

Arkansas 33110 64770 956

Washington 42620 83210 952

Maine 38140 73560 929

South Dakota 36470 69110 895

Minnesota 40110 74590 860

Vermont 36840 67160 823

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Total Growth

State Percentage

Nevada 624

Alaska 583

Utah 554

Colorado 515

Idaho 506

Arizona 495

Wyoming 455

Delaware 443

Kansas 399

New Hampshire 391

Mississippi 389

Montana 382

New Mexico 350

Texas 340

North Carolina 333

Vermont 332

Florida 315

California 312

Oregon 306

Georgia 298

Wisconsin 293

South Dakota 289

Alabama 289

Oklahoma 288

Maine 287

Arkansas 284

New Jersey 280

Virginia 274

Minnesota 269

Missouri 267

Maryland 266

Nebraska 265

Iowa 257

Kentucky 253

Louisiana 245

Tennessee 244

Massachusetts 240

Illinois 237

Ohio 236

West Virginia 221

Indiana 220

South Carolina 213

Connecticut 206

North Dakota 205

Michigan 205

Hawaii 202

Pennsylvania 191

New York 190

Washington 179

Rhode Island 179

District of Columbia 50

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 750

Massachusetts 519

Oregon 505

Colorado 467

Washington 423

New York 419

Rhode Island 419

Pennsylvania 406

Kansas 400

North Dakota 400

South Carolina 400

Michigan 391

Indiana 388

West Virginia 377

Illinois 356

Ohio 356

Tennessee 351

Connecticut 350

Louisiana 350

Kentucky 340

Hawaii 333

New Jersey 333

Minnesota 330

Maryland 329

Nebraska 327

Missouri 324

Virginia 322

Maine 318

Iowa 316

Arkansas 315

Wisconsin 313

Georgia 312

Oklahoma 309

Alabama 303

Alaska 300

New Mexico 300

South Dakota 300

Florida 297

California 293

North Carolina 290

Texas 279

Vermont 278

Montana 259

Mississippi 256

New Hampshire 244

Delaware 235

Idaho 211

Arizona 207

Nevada 176

Utah 167

Wyoming 00

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Oregon 1010

West Virginia 956

Missouri 937

South Dakota 934

Rhode Island 926

Kentucky 918

Alabama 897

Minnesota 879

Florida 870

Ohio 860

Michigan 844

Tennessee 841

Iowa 830

North Carolina 813

Maine 810

Pennsylvania 809

Texas 806

Nevada 800

Arkansas 796

District of Columbia 783

Illinois 774

Indiana 766

Oklahoma 765

South Carolina 765

Nebraska 764

Hawaii 761

Delaware 757

Virginia 729

Utah 724

Massachusetts 722

Connecticut 717

Maryland 704

Georgia 703

Louisiana 701

Wisconsin 697

Washington 691

New Hampshire 677

Idaho 660

New Mexico 647

Vermont 624

Mississippi 603

New Jersey 583

Kansas 582

Alaska 562

Montana 560

California 532

Arizona 525

Colorado 522

New York 502

North Dakota 484

Wyoming 441

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 157

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

District of Columbia $23620 $31190 320

Connecticut 22020 28000 272

Alabama 17090 21520 259

Arizona 21030 26350 253

Maine 19080 23870 251

Rhode Island 20160 25140 247

Louisiana 18310 22810 246

Georgia 19390 24120 244

Maryland 21530 26740 242

Nebraska 19800 24460 235

New York 21500 26490 232

Texas 20800 25580 230

Kansas 19620 24040 225

Virginia 19550 23840 219

North Dakota 20570 25070 219

North Carolina 19060 23120 213

Massachusetts 22040 26640 209

Michigan 21180 25440 201

Alaska 27470 32710 191

Montana 21900 26060 190

South Carolina 20090 23830 186

New Mexico 22040 26150 186

Wyoming 21970 25930 180

Ohio 19580 23100 180

Minnesota 23240 27250 173

Indiana 20180 23660 172

New Hampshire 19960 23380 171

Illinois 20920 24480 170

Idaho 21860 25560 169

Nevada 25200 29440 168

Washington 27010 31480 165

Wisconsin 20450 23770 162

Oregon 25310 29370 160

Mississippi 18770 21710 157

New Jersey 21160 24440 155

Oklahoma 18850 21620 147

Arkansas 17830 20450 147

Missouri 19060 21790 143

Tennessee 20540 23410 140

South Dakota 21710 24740 140

Utah 23690 26990 139

West Virginia 18250 20710 135

Iowa 20280 22590 114

Florida 20160 22360 109

Colorado 25780 28590 109

Hawaii 24860 27550 108

Kentucky 20000 22030 102

Pennsylvania 19380 21300 99

California 30660 33090 79

Vermont 21160 22760 76

Delaware 18990 20270 67

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Montana $26060 $29880

South Dakota 24740 29080

Nevada 29440 34300

North Dakota 25070 30620

Virgin Islands 22530 28340

Wyoming 25930 32510

New Mexico 26150 33000

Mississippi 21710 28630

Utah 26990 34110

Idaho 25560 32770

Oregon 29370 36980

South Carolina 23830 31940

Louisiana 22810 31230

Arizona 26350 34880

Nebraska 24460 33060

California 33090 41980

Arkansas 20450 29560

Hawaii 27550 36750

Tennessee 23410 32730

Washington 31480 40860

Iowa 22590 31990

Alaska 32710 42170

Oklahoma 21620 31150

Maine 23870 33480

Kansas 24040 33780

Texas 25580 35310

West Virginia 20710 30470

Kentucky 22030 32170

Indiana 23660 33820

Alabama 21520 31940

North Carolina 23120 34120

Colorado 28590 39820

Florida 22360 33750

Wisconsin 23770 35240

Georgia 24120 35840

Vermont 22760 34650

Minnesota 27250 39840

Missouri 21790 34460

Ohio 23100 35910

Rhode Island 25140 38240

New Hampshire 23380 37450

Illinois 24480 38580

Michigan 25440 39590

Maryland 26740 41360

Pennsylvania 21300 35970

Virginia 23840 39130

Connecticut 28000 44400

New York 26490 43590

New Jersey 24440 43040

Massachusetts 26640 45290

Delaware 20270 39050

District of Columbia 31190 57980

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10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Rhode Island $14680 $36690 1499

New York 16740 38630 1308

Delaware 13540 30590 1259

Georgia 16160 34090 1110

Kentucky 14890 31250 1099

North Carolina 15580 32450 1083

Maryland 18620 38760 1082

Connecticut 18970 39480 1081

West Virginia 14250 29590 1076

Pennsylvania 14650 30400 1075

Vermont 15510 32020 1064

New Jersey 16750 34540 1062

Ohio 15690 32240 1055

New Mexico 18290 37160 1032

Wisconsin 16260 32580 1004

Tennessee 16300 31980 962

South Carolina 16660 32380 944

Missouri 15360 29650 930

Mississippi 15480 29840 928

Virginia 17020 32690 921

Hawaii 18720 35710 908

Louisiana 15900 30240 902

Massachusetts 19050 36210 901

Kansas 17460 32950 887

Maine 17050 32060 880

New Hampshire 16980 31850 876

Indiana 16880 31460 864

Illinois 18160 33730 857

Florida 16060 29770 854

Wyoming 18960 34840 838

Arizona 19220 35250 834

Michigan 18630 34010 826

California 24060 43620 813

Minnesota 19650 35570 810

Idaho 18690 33710 804

North Dakota 19340 34870 803

Alabama 15600 27990 794

Texas 18720 33580 794

Iowa 16350 29160 783

Colorado 20440 36160 769

Oklahoma 15880 28030 765

Nebraska 18500 32490 756

South Dakota 19030 33310 750

Arkansas 15450 26990 747

Montana 19610 34030 735

Alaska 24420 41870 715

District of Columbia 23990 40640 694

Oregon 21430 36110 685

Nevada 21770 36210 663

Utah 20650 34340 663

Washington 24130 39490 637

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 159

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 507

Idaho 460

Nevada 416

Utah 392

Colorado 364

Wyoming 346

New Mexico 323

North Carolina 315

Arkansas 314

Georgia 311

New Hampshire 308

Texas 300

Mississippi 299

Kansas 299

Florida 297

Virginia 278

Minnesota 277

Wisconsin 277

South Dakota 270

Alaska 267

Montana 254

New Jersey 246

Missouri 243

Oregon 240

Maine 232

Indiana 226

Tennessee 221

California 215

Alabama 214

Maryland 212

Delaware 204

Washington 201

West Virginia 198

Rhode Island 194

Ohio 186

Oklahoma 185

North Dakota 180

Iowa 180

Massachusetts 174

Hawaii 167

Nebraska 165

New York 164

Connecticut 153

Louisiana 149

Vermont 147

Michigan 128

Kentucky 122

Illinois 122

South Carolina 70

Pennsylvania 64

District of Columbia 26

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 833

South Carolina 750

Pennsylvania 743

Illinois 608

Kentucky 604

Michigan 589

Vermont 583

Louisiana 580

Massachusetts 555

Connecticut 550

Iowa 538

Nebraska 538

New York 526

Oklahoma 525

Hawaii 500

North Dakota 500

Ohio 500

Washington 500

Rhode Island 485

West Virginia 481

Delaware 476

Oregon 475

Maryland 472

Tennessee 469

California 466

Indiana 459

Alabama 458

Colorado 458

Missouri 447

Maine 441

New Jersey 440

Montana 419

Kansas 418

Wisconsin 412

Minnesota 404

Virginia 403

New Mexico 400

Florida 392

South Dakota 389

Mississippi 388

Texas 385

Georgia 377

Utah 375

New Hampshire 371

Arkansas 370

North Carolina 367

Nevada 304

Idaho 294

Arizona 270

Alaska 100

Wyoming 00

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

South Dakota 1045

District of Columbia 1004

South Carolina 867

Connecticut 853

Nebraska 848

Kentucky 838

Rhode Island 819

Montana 775

West Virginia 743

Ohio 743

Arkansas 736

Pennsylvania 725

Arizona 725

Massachusetts 719

North Carolina 710

Missouri 673

Tennessee 672

Wisconsin 671

Delaware 670

Virginia 669

New Jersey 665

Indiana 661

Alabama 656

Florida 651

Maine 635

Louisiana 630

Minnesota 626

Iowa 617

Utah 616

Idaho 591

Oklahoma 588

Vermont 584

Mississippi 574

Maryland 569

Kansas 568

New York 557

New Hampshire 547

Hawaii 535

Nevada 526

Wyoming 521

Georgia 515

Michigan 515

Texas 513

North Dakota 508

New Mexico 501

Illinois 500

Washington 493

Oregon 485

Colorado 476

Alaska 468

California 412

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Technolo

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160 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Missouri $33770 $54220 606

Maine 33710 45960 363

Massachusetts 42190 57070 353

Montana 30430 41150 352

Louisiana 31100 41210 325

Georgia 33050 43640 320

Pennsylvania 32740 43070 316

Wisconsin 34270 45040 314

Kansas 31220 40760 306

New Mexico 35420 45860 295

Nebraska 30300 39180 293

Iowa 30070 38790 290

Indiana 33620 43210 285

Colorado 36560 46800 280

Ohio 33380 42580 276

West Virginia 29950 38000 269

Arizona 35190 44550 266

Washington 40990 51660 260

Vermont 35310 44440 259

Virginia 34620 43560 258

Connecticut 40290 50390 251

Rhode Island 40100 50090 249

Texas 34430 42950 247

North Carolina 35810 44600 245

New Hampshire 38220 47550 244

Michigan 35590 44200 242

Minnesota 39200 48650 241

Oregon 40310 49980 240

Alaska 45740 56330 232

Kentucky 33350 40920 227

Illinois 35410 43130 218

New Jersey 43800 53260 216

Maryland 43850 53300 216

Oklahoma 32540 39510 214

Wyoming 36160 43900 214

Idaho 34940 42270 210

Florida 35840 43220 206

Nevada 41920 50510 205

South Dakota 33940 40770 201

Arkansas 31930 38240 198

District of Columbia 40490 48370 195

Mississippi 32750 38840 186

New York 44000 52130 185

Hawaii 43790 51880 185

California 44650 52810 183

Utah 34970 40910 170

South Carolina 37020 42650 152

Alabama 33800 38650 143

Delaware 40110 42260 54

North Dakota 34600 35880 37

Tennessee 41530 41260 -07

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Missouri $54220 $34460

Nevada 50510 34300

Hawaii 51880 36750

Alaska 56330 42170

Oregon 49980 36980

New Mexico 45860 33000

Maine 45960 33480

Maryland 53300 41360

Rhode Island 50090 38240

Massachusetts 57070 45290

South Dakota 40770 29080

Wyoming 43900 32510

Montana 41150 29880

California 52810 41980

Washington 51660 40860

South Carolina 42650 31940

North Carolina 44600 34120

New Jersey 53260 43040

Mississippi 38840 28630

New Hampshire 47550 37450

Louisiana 41210 31230

Wisconsin 45040 35240

Vermont 44440 34650

Arizona 44550 34880

Idaho 42270 32770

Florida 43220 33750

Indiana 43210 33820

Minnesota 48650 39840

Kentucky 40920 32170

Arkansas 38240 29560

Tennessee 41260 32730

New York 52130 43590

Oklahoma 39510 31150

Georgia 43640 35840

Texas 42950 35310

West Virginia 38000 30470

Pennsylvania 43070 35970

Colorado 46800 39820

Kansas 40760 33780

Utah 40910 34110

Iowa 38790 31990

Alabama 38650 31940

Ohio 42580 35910

Nebraska 39180 33060

Connecticut 50390 44400

North Dakota 35880 30620

Michigan 44200 39590

Illinois 43130 38580

Virginia 43560 39130

Delaware 42260 39050

District of Columbia 48370 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 161

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Missouri $26890 $69260 1576

Arizona 25820 64160 1485

Illinois 27560 60250 1186

Tennessee 26280 56180 1138

Arkansas 25240 53760 1130

Virginia 28150 59210 1103

Oklahoma 26440 54660 1067

California 35470 72560 1046

Nebraska 26580 54220 1040

Wyoming 29210 59420 1034

South Carolina 28530 57860 1028

Mississippi 26150 52990 1026

Utah 27570 55550 1015

District of Columbia 33430 66980 1004

Texas 28800 57420 994

Massachusetts 36750 72890 983

Montana 27840 54750 967

Maine 32110 62620 950

North Dakota 24250 47120 943

Pennsylvania 30180 58340 933

Colorado 32860 63050 919

Minnesota 34210 65450 913

Florida 29950 57230 911

South Dakota 29120 55070 891

Georgia 30250 57030 885

New York 37280 69920 876

Delaware 29880 55490 857

Washington 37640 69470 846

Louisiana 29930 55150 843

New Mexico 32410 59460 835

Oregon 35800 65370 826

North Carolina 31540 57530 824

Indiana 31070 56550 820

Michigan 31170 56670 818

Alabama 28340 51250 808

Kentucky 30290 54530 800

Iowa 29160 52020 784

Kansas 30180 53700 779

Maryland 39290 69890 779

New Jersey 39380 69840 773

Connecticut 37760 66890 771

Idaho 31370 55520 770

Wisconsin 32930 57740 753

Ohio 31770 54890 728

Vermont 33160 56480 703

Nevada 38460 65180 695

West Virginia 28840 48840 693

Hawaii 39160 65590 675

Alaska 43400 71030 637

New Hampshire 37550 58200 550

Rhode Island 39590 59900 513

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162 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 731

Colorado 579

Idaho 578

Nevada 533

Utah 533

Mississippi 526

New Mexico 500

Georgia 486

Texas 474

North Carolina 471

Montana 471

Florida 444

Wisconsin 443

Kansas 429

Arkansas 418

Minnesota 416

Maine 411

Nebraska 404

California 400

West Virginia 384

Rhode Island 352

Tennessee 342

Delaware 333

Indiana 333

New Jersey 333

Virginia 331

Ohio 328

Oklahoma 324

Missouri 322

Iowa 309

Connecticut 304

Louisiana 302

Michigan 302

Maryland 286

New York 274

Vermont 273

Illinois 270

Massachusetts 269

Oregon 265

Kentucky 202

Washington 182

South Carolina 179

Alabama 167

Pennsylvania 164

District of Columbia 161

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

New Hampshire NA

North Dakota NA

South Dakota NA

Wyoming NA

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Delaware 298

District of Columbia 275

Louisiana 237

Kentucky 207

Idaho 200

South Carolina 163

Missouri 153

Illinois 147

New Jersey 140

Tennessee 131

Montana 131

Wisconsin 129

Arizona 124

Rhode Island 120

Arkansas 119

Pennsylvania 118

Alabama 107

Oklahoma 106

West Virginia 105

Massachusetts 104

Indiana 102

New Mexico 97

Oregon 97

Maryland 96

Iowa 94

Florida 92

Vermont 89

Texas 87

Georgia 87

North Carolina 84

Kansas 77

Mississippi 74

Nevada 69

Connecticut 66

New York 65

Utah 65

Virginia 59

Minnesota 58

Washington 54

Ohio 53

Michigan 53

Maine 43

California 43

Colorado 42

Nebraska 27

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

New Hampshire NA

North Dakota NA

South Dakota NA

Wyoming NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Oregon 550

Iowa 500

Colorado 476

Massachusetts 472

Pennsylvania 455

District of Columbia 400

New York 400

Oklahoma 400

South Carolina 400

Kentucky 393

Louisiana 360

Kansas 357

Alabama 333

Maine 333

Nebraska 333

New Jersey 333

Rhode Island 333

Vermont 333

Illinois 324

Maryland 318

Michigan 304

Connecticut 300

Indiana 300

Missouri 300

Virginia 300

Washington 300

West Virginia 300

Ohio 286

Tennessee 286

Georgia 280

Delaware 273

California 250

Minnesota 250

Montana 250

North Carolina 250

Wisconsin 250

Florida 244

Arkansas 222

Texas 217

Mississippi 214

Idaho 211

Arizona 155

Nevada 100

Utah 00

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

New Hampshire NA

New Mexico NA

North Dakota NA

South Dakota NA

Wyoming NA

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 163

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Idaho $27200 $41140 513

Colorado 27810 39460 419

Maine 29840 40080 343

Illinois 28720 38420 338

Pennsylvania 29790 38740 300

Virginia 31430 40720 296

Arizona 28330 36060 273

Louisiana 29430 37380 270

Minnesota 30440 38650 270

Michigan 29520 37280 263

Missouri 26590 33510 260

New York 34880 43940 260

Nebraska 29620 37250 258

Massachusetts 36460 45380 245

Iowa 27080 33000 219

Georgia 29980 36500 217

New Mexico 29260 35440 211

Arkansas 26490 31910 205

Utah 24740 29570 195

Kentucky 27710 32870 186

Hawaii 38780 45850 182

Texas 30980 36400 175

Florida 32080 37530 170

Oklahoma 29290 33200 133

New Jersey 40830 46020 127

Wisconsin 34540 38460 113

Indiana 34890 38710 109

Alabama 28630 31350 95

North Carolina 31260 33990 87

Connecticut 38910 41970 79

West Virginia 31940 34010 65

California 40280 42860 64

Mississippi 28930 30410 51

Ohio 33360 34820 44

Kansas 28680 29660 34

Tennessee 32580 33280 21

Washington 39350 39490 04

South Carolina 35360 35150 -06

District of Columbia 37190 36960 -06

Montana 34180 31520 -78

Maryland 58730 51860 -117

Wyoming 36090 31010 -141

Nevada 40140 NA NA

Oregon 39480 NA NA

Vermont 29240 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Maryland $51860 $41360

Hawaii 45850 36750

Idaho 41140 32770

Maine 40080 33480

Louisiana 37380 31230

Indiana 38710 33820

Nebraska 37250 33060

Florida 37530 33750

West Virginia 34010 30470

South Carolina 35150 31940

Wisconsin 38460 35240

New Jersey 46020 43040

Pennsylvania 38740 35970

New Mexico 35440 33000

Arkansas 31910 29560

Oklahoma 33200 31150

Mississippi 30410 28630

Montana 31520 29880

Virginia 40720 39130

Arizona 36060 34880

Texas 36400 35310

Iowa 33000 31990

California 42860 41980

Kentucky 32870 32170

Georgia 36500 35840

Tennessee 33280 32730

New York 43940 43590

Massachusetts 45380 45290

North Carolina 33990 34120

Illinois 38420 38580

Colorado 39460 39820

Alabama 31350 31940

Missouri 33510 34460

Ohio 34820 35910

Minnesota 38650 39840

Washington 39490 40860

Wyoming 31010 32510

Michigan 37280 39590

Connecticut 41970 44400

Kansas 29660 33780

Utah 29570 34110

District of Columbia 36960 57980

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164 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Massachusetts $25980 $75070 1890

Arkansas 18300 47900 1617

Wyoming 18780 45360 1415

Alabama 19480 43630 1240

Montana 19460 43310 1226

Georgia 23580 51360 1178

Connecticut 26540 57750 1176

Washington 25320 54720 1161

Michigan 24410 52740 1161

Nebraska 24600 51510 1094

Texas 24170 49590 1052

Pennsylvania 26470 53490 1021

North Carolina 22970 45220 969

Arizona 25160 49490 967

New Mexico 24240 47380 955

California 29510 57470 947

Missouri 23410 45360 938

Wisconsin 24650 47590 931

New York 30420 58420 920

Oklahoma 23340 44380 901

Colorado 28370 52700 858

South Carolina 24730 45820 853

Illinois 26890 49640 846

Kansas 20920 38490 840

District of Columbia 26530 48770 838

Iowa 24130 43760 814

Idaho 30570 54990 799

Virginia 29770 53410 794

Ohio 25030 44700 786

New Jersey 33150 59160 785

Maryland 38090 67620 775

Kentucky 24740 43420 755

Hawaii 32340 55820 726

Minnesota 28940 49700 717

West Virginia 25550 43690 710

Tennessee 25150 42860 704

Utah 23390 38660 653

Mississippi 23380 38510 647

Indiana 29150 47640 634

Florida 29950 46720 560

Louisiana 29320 45230 543

Maine 33270 46990 412

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 165

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 533

South Dakota 463

Kentucky 367

South Carolina 363

Kansas 343

Mississippi 340

Louisiana 328

Oklahoma 318

Tennessee 318

North Dakota 317

Minnesota 315

Wisconsin 314

Alabama 312

Montana 293

Massachusetts 284

Missouri 283

Pennsylvania 283

Indiana 276

Washington 274

West Virginia 271

Maryland 270

Maine 267

North Carolina 262

Texas 260

Arizona 259

Georgia 249

Nebraska 246

California 246

Florida 245

Connecticut 240

Ohio 230

Illinois 229

Utah 228

Nevada 221

Iowa 215

New York 209

Colorado 209

Michigan 208

Arkansas 203

Rhode Island 203

New Hampshire 190

Virginia 182

Idaho 175

New Jersey 175

Delaware 174

Oregon 167

New Mexico 162

Alaska 156

Wyoming 120

Hawaii NA

Vermont NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 667

Alaska 600

South Carolina 575

Oregon 533

Pennsylvania 529

Connecticut 500

Iowa 500

Massachusetts 475

Colorado 466

Washington 417

Illinois 404

Alabama 400

Delaware 400

New Mexico 400

Michigan 386

Kentucky 385

New York 385

North Dakota 375

Rhode Island 375

Louisiana 367

Kansas 365

Ohio 362

Maryland 345

New Jersey 333

Tennessee 333

Utah 333

Indiana 329

Virginia 327

Missouri 314

Maine 313

South Dakota 313

Montana 286

West Virginia 286

Arkansas 280

Nebraska 278

Minnesota 273

North Carolina 273

California 262

Texas 259

Florida 250

Georgia 250

Oklahoma 250

Wisconsin 250

Mississippi 245

New Hampshire 231

Idaho 214

Nevada 200

Arizona 167

Hawaii NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 637

Colorado 500

Nevada 492

Idaho 477

Utah 472

Kansas 430

Georgia 423

Mississippi 406

Alaska 400

New Mexico 400

New Hampshire 391

North Carolina 381

Texas 381

Florida 367

California 360

Montana 360

Minnesota 358

Wisconsin 357

South Dakota 324

Arkansas 318

Maine 308

Nebraska 304

Missouri 298

West Virginia 290

Massachusetts 286

Tennessee 283

Indiana 276

Oklahoma 270

North Dakota 269

New Jersey 267

Virginia 262

Louisiana 259

Oregon 254

Rhode Island 249

Maryland 245

Ohio 229

Alabama 229

Delaware 214

Iowa 214

Kentucky 214

Washington 211

Michigan 201

Illinois 196

Connecticut 193

New York 187

Wyoming 167

Pennsylvania 115

South Carolina 114

District of Columbia 63

Hawaii NA

Vermont NA

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166 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Wisconsin $30020 $39700 322

Georgia 23960 31320 307

Maine 26580 34670 304

Montana 28710 37240 297

Arizona 31720 40830 287

New York 28360 36490 287

Mississippi 21940 28150 283

Connecticut 35200 44610 267

Illinois 30650 38740 264

New Mexico 23630 29490 248

North Dakota 25470 31800 249

Nevada 33100 41190 244

Kansas 25730 32010 244

Wyoming 24530 30480 243

Florida 27670 34260 238

Washington 32420 39990 233

Colorado 29800 36730 233

Arkansas 23130 28500 232

South Dakota 25550 31380 228

Texas 27500 33780 228

Virginia 29090 35260 212

California 33910 41010 209

South Carolina 26570 32140 210

Ohio 28230 33880 200

Rhode Island 32590 39130 201

New Jersey 33680 40400 200

Missouri 27400 32800 197

Michigan 30290 36250 197

West Virginia 25890 30810 190

Massachusetts 34200 40660 189

Alabama 24150 28620 185

Minnesota 34720 41150 185

Kentucky 26960 31670 175

Iowa 26930 31560 172

Maryland 35610 41670 170

Louisiana 25480 29670 164

Oregon 33440 38900 163

Indiana 31170 36000 155

Alaska 36220 41770 153

Tennessee 29930 34230 144

Nebraska 28170 31970 135

New Hampshire 31590 35710 130

Pennsylvania 28140 31450 118

North Carolina 29000 32140 108

Oklahoma 26460 28500 77

District of Columbia 33210 35390 66

Utah 28490 29570 38

Hawaii 34380 34270 -03

Idaho 36390 35910 -13

Delaware 31860 NA NA

Vermont NA 32150 NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Montana $37240 $29880

Nevada 41190 34300

Arizona 40830 34880

Wisconsin 39700 35240

Idaho 35910 32770

South Dakota 31380 29080

Indiana 36000 33820

Oregon 38900 36980

Tennessee 34230 32730

Minnesota 41150 39840

Maine 34670 33480

North Dakota 31800 30620

Rhode Island 39130 38240

Florida 34260 33750

West Virginia 30810 30470

Maryland 41670 41360

South Carolina 32140 31940

Connecticut 44610 44400

Illinois 38740 38580

Alaska 41770 42170

Iowa 31560 31990

Kentucky 31670 32170

Mississippi 28150 28630

Washington 39990 40860

California 41010 41980

Arkansas 28500 29560

Nebraska 31970 33060

Texas 33780 35310

Louisiana 29670 31230

Missouri 32800 34460

New Hampshire 35710 37450

Kansas 32010 33780

North Carolina 32140 34120

Wyoming 30480 32510

Ohio 33880 35910

Hawaii 34270 36750

Vermont 32150 34650

New Jersey 40400 43040

Oklahoma 28500 31150

Colorado 36730 39820

Alabama 28620 31940

Michigan 36250 39590

New Mexico 29490 33000

Virginia 35260 39130

Georgia 31320 35840

Pennsylvania 31450 35970

Utah 29570 34110

Massachusetts 40660 45290

New York 36490 43590

District of Columbia 35390 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 167

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Illinois $25190 $61410 1438

West Virginia 19710 46590 1364

New Mexico 18830 40460 1149

Missouri 21670 45380 1094

Arizona 26730 55970 1094

Idaho 22220 46000 1070

Alabama 19140 38650 1019

Louisiana 19840 40060 1019

Texas 22420 45090 1011

Wyoming 21410 42900 1004

Connecticut 28990 57950 999

Arkansas 19700 39240 992

Rhode Island 26890 53400 986

Colorado 25260 49660 966

Virginia 24710 48360 957

Tennessee 23940 46530 944

Maryland 28790 55900 942

Georgia 22460 43420 933

Pennsylvania 21910 42070 920

Nevada 28780 55140 916

Mississippi 19120 36570 913

Kansas 23110 44060 907

California 29650 55750 880

Indiana 25860 48490 875

Massachusetts 29230 54420 862

New York 27340 50830 859

Florida 24850 46020 852

Utah 21370 39510 849

Iowa 23160 41970 812

Nebraska 23650 42680 805

Kentucky 23360 42110 803

District of Columbia 25640 45840 788

New Jersey 30020 53420 779

Oklahoma 20590 36560 776

South Carolina 24140 42580 764

North Dakota 23990 42310 764

Ohio 25050 43680 744

North Carolina 24460 42260 728

Alaska 31420 54250 727

Minnesota 31190 53640 720

South Dakota 24150 41470 717

Washington 29940 51410 717

Wisconsin 30340 51690 704

Hawaii 25790 43830 699

Montana 26900 45230 681

Maine 26620 44250 662

Vermont 25190 41440 645

New Hampshire 27040 44200 635

Michigan 27970 44710 598

Oregon 30440 48020 578

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168 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 669

Vermont 462

Delaware 347

Hawaii 332

Oregon 315

Alaska 296

Georgia 290

Maine 276

Minnesota 262

Massachusetts 245

New Jersey 210

New Mexico 205

Rhode Island 201

Washington 199

Maryland 194

Colorado 180

New York 178

Oklahoma 169

Nebraska 166

Missouri 165

North Carolina 161

California 157

Mississippi 154

Florida 149

New Hampshire 148

Kentucky 142

Ohio 135

Indiana 127

Texas 127

Michigan 123

Wisconsin 123

Utah 121

Pennsylvania 114

West Virginia 111

Kansas 107

Montana 104

Connecticut 104

Tennessee 102

Virginia 101

Nevada 92

Arizona 88

Iowa 83

South Dakota 83

Louisiana 83

Alabama 80

Idaho 74

Arkansas 73

Illinois 73

South Carolina 41

North Dakota NA

Wyoming NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 875

Michigan 667

Rhode Island 667

West Virginia 667

New York 600

Arkansas 571

Illinois 571

Maryland 559

Washington 540

Indiana 533

Alaska 500

California 500

Delaware 500

Hawaii 500

Idaho 500

Iowa 500

Missouri 500

Montana 500

New Mexico 500

Ohio 500

Tennessee 500

Utah 500

Vermont 500

Wisconsin 500

Georgia 489

Pennsylvania 472

Mississippi 471

Colorado 460

Nebraska 455

Massachusetts 451

Virginia 448

Maine 429

New Jersey 429

Kentucky 400

Louisiana 400

Texas 400

Minnesota 397

Florida 383

Arizona 375

Kansas 375

New Hampshire 375

Oklahoma 350

Oregon 350

Alabama 333

North Carolina 333

South Dakota 333

Connecticut 300

Nevada 100

North Dakota NA

South Carolina NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Utah 464

Nevada 450

Colorado 333

Arizona 315

Florida 298

South Dakota 286

New Hampshire 275

Texas 273

Minnesota 264

Alaska 263

New Mexico 263

Kentucky 256

Hawaii 244

Montana 242

Maine 235

Oregon 234

North Carolina 231

Missouri 223

Alabama 222

New Jersey 222

Virginia 221

Delaware 214

Idaho 212

Oklahoma 203

Mississippi 201

Pennsylvania 199

Washington 198

Connecticut 194

Arkansas 192

Nebraska 192

Georgia 185

California 182

Indiana 179

Wisconsin 179

Vermont 179

Massachusetts 178

Ohio 175

Kansas 172

Louisiana 162

Tennessee 153

Iowa 143

Maryland 142

Illinois 131

West Virginia 115

New York 115

Rhode Island 112

Michigan 89

South Carolina 59

District of Columbia 24

North Dakota NA

Wyoming NA

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 169

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Tennessee $30470 $53100 743

Connecticut 35770 49190 375

Oregon 32730 44400 357

New Hampshire 32280 42320 311

Georgia 38500 50460 311

Virginia 32460 42520 310

Illinois 32460 41940 292

Louisiana 28950 36870 274

Alabama 30900 39080 265

Wyoming 30350 38320 263

Oklahoma 26880 33880 260

Colorado 36490 45700 252

Missouri 31930 39600 240

District of Columbia 49980 61620 233

Kentucky 31120 38220 228

Florida 32690 40160 229

Washington 39150 47710 219

Maryland 54610 66520 218

South Dakota 35200 42770 215

Indiana 31220 37740 209

Vermont 35180 42120 197

Wisconsin 32400 38670 194

Idaho 34260 40350 178

Pennsylvania 34380 40100 166

Iowa 32230 37290 157

North Carolina 34590 39700 148

New York 37560 42940 143

New Mexico 33450 38120 140

Ohio 34790 39480 135

California 40230 44430 104

Maine 31030 34230 103

Michigan 40500 44570 100

Minnesota 39400 43300 99

Texas 32870 36100 98

Arkansas 37040 40600 96

Montana 31400 33940 81

South Carolina 38110 40740 69

Kansas 34050 36210 63

Nebraska 35720 37950 62

Massachusetts 39520 41900 60

Utah 34080 35700 48

Hawaii 37030 38370 36

Alaska 36660 37860 33

New Jersey 46280 46310 01

Nevada 42190 41380 -19

Mississippi 35950 34470 -41

West Virginia 28650 25140 -123

Arizona 45390 39650 -126

Delaware NA 43320 NA

North Dakota NA 26120 NA

Rhode Island 50780 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Maryland $66520 $41360

Tennessee 53100 32730

Georgia 50460 35840

South Dakota 42770 29080

Arkansas 40600 29560

South Carolina 40740 31940

Idaho 40350 32770

Vermont 42120 34650

Oregon 44400 36980

Alabama 39080 31940

Nevada 41380 34300

Washington 47710 40860

Florida 40160 33750

Kentucky 38220 32170

Colorado 45700 39820

Mississippi 34470 28630

Wyoming 38320 32510

Louisiana 36870 31230

North Carolina 39700 34120

Iowa 37290 31990

Missouri 39600 34460

New Mexico 38120 33000

Michigan 44570 39590

Nebraska 37950 33060

New Hampshire 42320 37450

Connecticut 49190 44400

Arizona 39650 34880

Delaware 43320 39050

Pennsylvania 40100 35970

Montana 33940 29880

Indiana 37740 33820

District of Columbia 61620 57980

Ohio 39480 35910

Minnesota 43300 39840

Wisconsin 38670 35240

Virginia 42520 39130

Illinois 41940 38580

New Jersey 46310 43040

Oklahoma 33880 31150

California 44430 41980

Kansas 36210 33780

Hawaii 38370 36750

Utah 35700 34110

Maine 34230 33480

Texas 36100 35310

New York 42940 43590

Massachusetts 41900 45290

Alaska 37860 42170

North Dakota 26120 30620

West Virginia 25140 30470

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170 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Tennessee $24540 $95610 2896

Maryland 29730 106730 2590

Nevada 18540 64050 2455

North Dakota 13050 43590 2340

District of Columbia 31340 103490 2302

Arizona 20640 65190 2158

Illinois 22240 69850 2141

Kansas 18080 56470 2123

California 23080 72010 2120

Indiana 19270 59380 2081

Colorado 23270 71270 2063

Missouri 20730 62400 2010

Pennsylvania 20550 61650 2000

Maine 18190 54450 1993

West Virginia 13620 40060 1941

Massachusetts 22570 66210 1934

Georgia 29020 83980 1894

Louisiana 19820 56620 1857

Utah 19570 55740 1848

New Mexico 20180 56400 1795

Iowa 20250 55470 1739

Texas 21610 58450 1705

Arkansas 24610 63670 1587

Nebraska 21580 55830 1587

Delaware 25140 64650 1572

Virginia 24910 63970 1568

Oklahoma 20600 52470 1547

Minnesota 26030 65120 1502

Alabama 24140 60290 1498

South Dakota 26510 65870 1485

New York 26600 66090 1485

Florida 24540 59780 1436

Kentucky 23190 56430 1433

Wyoming 22590 54950 1432

Wisconsin 23340 56590 1425

Ohio 23600 57220 1425

New Jersey 28800 69270 1405

Hawaii 24290 58270 1399

Michigan 26880 64160 1387

Oregon 27910 66430 1380

Alaska 24570 57610 1345

South Carolina 24640 57650 1340

Connecticut 30480 70940 1327

Montana 22230 50570 1275

North Carolina 25470 56770 1229

Mississippi 23690 51640 1180

New Hampshire 27770 60290 1171

Washington 31800 66150 1080

Vermont 31100 55510 785

Idaho 30550 53790 761

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 171

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 551

Idaho 489

Nevada 453

Utah 452

New Hampshire 450

Virginia 422

New Mexico 387

Florida 382

Colorado 381

Kansas 364

Alaska 360

Maine 358

Minnesota 346

Mississippi 337

Kentucky 330

Texas 328

North Carolina 326

Louisiana 322

Vermont 314

Connecticut 310

Tennessee 305

Hawaii 300

Arkansas 292

Montana 286

California 278

South Dakota 271

West Virginia 271

Wisconsin 266

Oklahoma 265

Maryland 265

Delaware 258

Massachusetts 254

Missouri 253

Georgia 251

Wyoming 250

Rhode Island 243

Iowa 235

Oregon 235

New York 233

Ohio 233

Illinois 231

Indiana 228

Michigan 228

North Dakota 226

New Jersey 225

South Carolina 200

Washington 196

Nebraska 195

Alabama 161

Pennsylvania 149

District of Columbia 50

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

South Dakota 926

District of Columbia 884

Massachusetts 719

Alabama 625

Nebraska 620

Connecticut 607

Vermont 589

North Dakota 587

Washington 580

West Virginia 542

Maine 517

Minnesota 491

Missouri 474

Pennsylvania 473

Ohio 471

New Jersey 466

Louisiana 458

Iowa 421

Wisconsin 408

South Carolina 402

Alaska 390

New York 390

Kentucky 389

Georgia 388

Delaware 385

New Hampshire 350

Indiana 349

Michigan 337

Maryland 336

New Mexico 334

Kansas 324

Mississippi 323

North Carolina 310

Arkansas 301

Colorado 298

Illinois 285

Tennessee 283

Texas 281

Oregon 278

Florida 275

Montana 272

Rhode Island 269

Utah 267

Nevada 257

California 257

Idaho 242

Wyoming 240

Oklahoma 238

Arizona 216

Virginia 188

Hawaii 162

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 727

Wyoming 600

Pennsylvania 535

Alabama 526

Washington 469

Colorado 463

Nebraska 462

Indiana 456

Oregon 450

South Carolina 450

New Jersey 438

New York 433

Michigan 430

North Dakota 429

Illinois 428

Oklahoma 425

Ohio 424

Rhode Island 417

Georgia 414

Iowa 400

Maryland 400

New Mexico 400

Wisconsin 400

West Virginia 395

South Dakota 387

Delaware 385

Missouri 382

California 375

Tennessee 375

Arkansas 368

Montana 364

Vermont 353

Connecticut 350

Texas 344

Mississippi 340

Louisiana 340

Kentucky 338

Maine 333

Minnesota 328

Massachusetts 310

North Carolina 308

Florida 300

Nevada 286

New Hampshire 286

Virginia 284

Idaho 273

Utah 250

Kansas 238

Arizona 235

Alaska 100

Hawaii NA

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172 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Tennessee $30780 $44490 445

Delaware 33780 47620 410

Nebraska 26850 36710 367

Hawaii 40200 54710 361

Illinois 29470 39680 346

Idaho 31860 41320 297

Louisiana 30960 38960 258

District of Columbia 42120 52750 252

Georgia 31950 39720 243

Oklahoma 30690 38150 243

West Virginia 27090 33460 235

Maryland 38410 47240 230

Iowa 31350 38210 219

Texas 34330 41460 208

Alaska 36800 44140 199

Kansas 33050 39620 199

Maine 35120 42020 196

Kentucky 30650 36510 191

Washington 39470 47050 192

Montana 30800 36670 191

Colorado 35640 42360 189

New Jersey 40920 48570 187

California 42640 50440 183

Massachusetts 37740 44610 182

New York 41020 47870 167

New Hampshire 34610 40360 166

Arizona 35580 41400 164

Minnesota 36960 42960 162

Nevada 43390 50240 158

Utah 38090 43860 151

Indiana 33440 38430 149

South Dakota 29830 34170 145

Connecticut 42430 48530 144

Virginia 34980 40000 144

Wyoming 35070 39420 124

Wisconsin 36840 41340 122

Vermont 39110 43670 117

Rhode Island 39640 44250 116

Ohio 35270 39300 114

Michigan 38500 42830 112

North Dakota 29920 33270 112

Florida 35110 38340 92

Oregon 42980 46900 91

Arkansas 34610 37640 88

New Mexico 33620 36210 77

Pennsylvania 36940 39640 73

Alabama 30840 32980 69

North Carolina 36210 38520 64

Missouri 35940 36970 29

South Carolina 34550 33760 -23

Mississippi 34250 31770 -72

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Hawaii $54710 $36750

Nevada 50240 34300

Tennessee 44490 32730

Oregon 46900 36980

Utah 43860 34110

Vermont 43670 34650

Delaware 47620 39050

Maine 42020 33480

Idaho 41320 32770

California 50440 41980

Arkansas 37640 29560

Louisiana 38960 31230

Oklahoma 38150 31150

Wyoming 39420 32510

Montana 36670 29880

Arizona 41400 34880

Iowa 38210 31990

Washington 47050 40860

Texas 41460 35310

Wisconsin 41340 35240

Rhode Island 44250 38240

Maryland 47240 41360

Kansas 39620 33780

New Jersey 48570 43040

South Dakota 34170 29080

Indiana 38430 33820

Florida 38340 33750

North Carolina 38520 34120

Kentucky 36510 32170

New York 47870 43590

Connecticut 48530 44400

Georgia 39720 35840

Pennsylvania 39640 35970

Nebraska 36710 33060

Ohio 39300 35910

Michigan 42830 39590

New Mexico 36210 33000

Minnesota 42960 39840

Mississippi 31770 28630

West Virginia 33460 30470

New Hampshire 40360 37450

North Dakota 33270 30620

Colorado 42360 39820

Missouri 36970 34460

Alaska 44140 42170

South Carolina 33760 31940

Illinois 39680 38580

Alabama 32980 31940

Virginia 40000 39130

Massachusetts 44610 45290

District of Columbia 52750 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 173

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Pennsylvania $20800 $56340 1709

Massachusetts 25170 65750 1612

Hawaii 34090 87030 1553

Illinois 22670 57700 1545

Nevada 27240 68930 1530

New York 28000 70030 1501

Connecticut 28580 71030 1485

California 28790 71050 1468

South Dakota 21360 52490 1457

Oklahoma 22400 54640 1439

Utah 26050 62730 1408

Colorado 26010 62350 1397

Arkansas 23600 55020 1331

Tennessee 26170 59230 1263

New Hampshire 25000 56400 1256

Nebraska 23270 52330 1249

Florida 24270 53900 1221

Texas 25740 57160 1221

Maine 26590 58640 1205

Kansas 25030 55080 1201

Virginia 25500 55580 1180

Missouri 23700 51530 1174

New Mexico 23840 51620 1165

Arizona 26120 56460 1162

Louisiana 24860 53490 1152

Maryland 29730 63400 1133

Oregon 30370 64100 1111

Iowa 25440 53190 1091

Montana 24690 51590 1090

Wyoming 26030 54270 1085

Mississippi 21520 44530 1069

Indiana 25510 52710 1066

Rhode Island 30010 61480 1049

North Dakota 22020 44840 1036

Michigan 29460 58660 991

Kentucky 24890 49540 990

Alaska 30800 61200 987

New Jersey 33590 66450 978

West Virginia 22970 45340 974

District of Columbia 35960 70910 972

South Carolina 23590 46300 963

North Carolina 27450 52480 912

Washington 33150 63300 910

Minnesota 30710 58310 899

Alabama 23590 44540 888

Idaho 29300 55290 887

Delaware 34250 63890 865

Ohio 28870 53150 841

Wisconsin 30350 55020 813

Vermont 32120 56710 766

Georgia 29530 51390 740

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174 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Total Growth

State Percentage

Idaho 767

Nevada 708

Arizona 644

Utah 636

Maine 630

South Dakota 625

Maryland 600

Montana 577

New Mexico 561

New Hampshire 561

Minnesota 541

Georgia 514

Rhode Island 512

Kentucky 502

Tennessee 489

North Carolina 484

Missouri 480

Wisconsin 461

Wyoming 461

Colorado 459

Kansas 458

Massachusetts 452

Oklahoma 451

Hawaii 449

Indiana 444

Virginia 412

Delaware 411

West Virginia 408

Illinois 402

South Carolina 393

Pennsylvania 389

Florida 377

Iowa 374

Alabama 372

Louisiana 366

Michigan 357

Ohio 349

California 348

Alaska 339

New Jersey 333

New York 332

Vermont 320

Connecticut 318

Nebraska 316

Arkansas 310

Texas 287

Mississippi 285

North Dakota 257

District of Columbia 237

Washington 196

Oregon 154

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Oregon 520

Washington 489

Colorado 463

District of Columbia 430

North Dakota 414

Texas 380

Mississippi 378

Alaska 367

Arkansas 361

Nebraska 358

Vermont 357

Connecticut 347

New York 345

Louisiana 344

New Jersey 338

California 336

Ohio 335

Michigan 330

Iowa 323

Florida 317

Alabama 317

Pennsylvania 311

Illinois 305

West Virginia 302

Delaware 302

Virginia 300

South Carolina 292

Indiana 285

Wisconsin 280

Hawaii 273

North Carolina 271

Tennessee 268

Kentucky 260

Missouri 260

Georgia 257

Rhode Island 253

Oklahoma 250

Massachusetts 248

Kansas 247

Minnesota 246

Wyoming 243

New Hampshire 239

New Mexico 233

Montana 231

Maryland 227

Maine 218

South Dakota 217

Arizona 216

Nevada 206

Utah 206

Idaho 187

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 4564

Vermont 4219

Maine 2504

Nebraska 2396

Minnesota 2333

Wyoming 2304

Connecticut 2243

North Dakota 2110

Maryland 2102

Iowa 2027

Rhode Island 1980

New Hampshire 1917

Arkansas 1893

New York 1821

Utah 1811

Massachusetts 1789

Idaho 1776

Montana 1771

Alaska 1748

New Jersey 1679

West Virginia 1532

Hawaii 1442

Wisconsin 1436

Georgia 1372

Oregon 1342

North Carolina 1270

Pennsylvania 1156

Kansas 1006

Florida 998

Kentucky 953

Missouri 947

Delaware 906

New Mexico 884

Indiana 862

Alabama 852

Michigan 839

Illinois 834

Washington 814

Texas 787

California 780

Arizona 779

South Dakota 760

Ohio 739

Louisiana 719

Colorado 698

Mississippi 622

Virginia 585

South Carolina 570

Tennessee 527

Oklahoma 470

Nevada 331

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health amp Health Care Workforce 175

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Louisiana $18000 $28750 597

Connecticut 28630 37220 300

Michigan 24530 31740 294

Arizona 22960 29050 265

Massachusetts 25070 30060 199

Alaska 25700 30660 193

Virginia 23050 27460 191

Vermont 22840 26880 177

Oregon 22830 26570 164

Georgia 21920 25380 158

West Virginia 15790 18180 151

Wisconsin 24180 27800 150

Hawaii 24110 27700 149

Florida 21760 24980 148

Indiana 22410 25700 147

Mississippi 18510 21230 147

Illinois 21670 24790 144

New Mexico 21340 24290 138

Delaware 23750 27020 138

Nebraska 19790 22480 136

Pennsylvania 21150 23960 133

Kansas 20960 23600 126

North Carolina 22500 25320 125

Kentucky 20470 22920 120

Colorado 24420 27260 116

Wyoming 19160 21330 113

Utah 19520 21690 111

New Hampshire 20450 22680 109

New Jersey 26250 29070 107

Maryland 26300 29130 108

California 27320 30070 101

Ohio 23110 25440 101

Minnesota 24400 26820 99

Nevada 25280 27520 89

Missouri 21750 23670 88

Idaho 19910 21630 86

South Dakota 19360 20970 83

Montana 20340 22010 82

Maine 22450 24250 80

New York 26940 28930 74

Rhode Island 23630 25360 73

South Carolina 21110 22440 63

Alabama 24140 25310 48

Arkansas 20180 21150 48

Oklahoma 19630 20420 40

North Dakota 20810 21490 33

Iowa 23570 24320 32

Tennessee 24430 24920 20

Washington 24660 23690 -39

Texas 22600 18450 -184

District of Columbia NA 35750 NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Louisiana $28750 $31230

Arizona 29050 34880

Alabama 25310 31940

Nevada 27520 34300

Connecticut 37220 44400

Mississippi 21230 28630

Wisconsin 27800 35240

Iowa 24320 31990

Vermont 26880 34650

Tennessee 24920 32730

Michigan 31740 39590

Montana 22010 29880

South Dakota 20970 29080

Indiana 25700 33820

Arkansas 21150 29560

New Mexico 24290 33000

Florida 24980 33750

North Carolina 25320 34120

Hawaii 27700 36750

North Dakota 21490 30620

Maine 24250 33480

Kentucky 22920 32170

South Carolina 22440 31940

Kansas 23600 33780

Oregon 26570 36980

Georgia 25380 35840

Ohio 25440 35910

Nebraska 22480 33060

Oklahoma 20420 31150

Missouri 23670 34460

Idaho 21630 32770

Wyoming 21330 32510

Alaska 30660 42170

Virginia 27460 39130

California 30070 41980

Pennsylvania 23960 35970

Delaware 27020 39050

Maryland 29130 41360

West Virginia 18180 30470

Utah 21690 34110

Colorado 27260 39820

Rhode Island 25360 38240

Minnesota 26820 39840

Illinois 24790 38580

New Jersey 29070 43040

New York 28930 43590

New Hampshire 22680 37450

Massachusetts 30060 45290

Texas 18450 35310

Washington 23690 40860

District of Columbia 35750 57980

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176 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health amp Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Iowa $13210 $38850 1941

Louisiana 15190 42770 1816

District of Columbia 20040 55560 1772

Michigan 18230 50360 1762

Nevada 15700 43080 1744

Alabama 14590 40020 1743

Texas 11440 29830 1608

Pennsylvania 13990 35250 1520

California 17870 44510 1491

Illinois 14560 35820 1460

Colorado 16120 39620 1458

Virginia 17250 42250 1449

Tennessee 15530 37370 1406

New York 18010 43100 1393

Massachusetts 19400 46400 1392

Maryland 18560 44330 1388

Connecticut 23040 53250 1311

Arizona 18900 42670 1258

Kentucky 14860 33490 1254

Oregon 17420 39080 1243

Wisconsin 17950 40160 1237

Missouri 15790 34620 1193

New Jersey 19250 41980 1181

Montana 15030 32770 1180

Indiana 16740 36410 1175

Hawaii 18390 39490 1147

West Virginia 12120 26020 1147

Oklahoma 13640 29120 1135

Arkansas 14270 30170 1114

Idaho 15400 32540 1113

Utah 15100 31780 1105

Nebraska 15580 32670 1097

Georgia 16810 35140 1090

Florida 16490 34380 1085

South Carolina 15430 32010 1075

Minnesota 18790 38870 1069

Rhode Island 16980 34540 1034

Alaska 20370 41330 1029

Delaware 18530 37590 1029

New Mexico 17130 34170 995

Mississippi 14770 29340 986

North Carolina 17680 34970 978

Ohio 17620 34830 977

Kansas 16450 32230 959

Washington 16880 33060 959

North Dakota 15350 29760 939

New Hampshire 15950 30920 939

Wyoming 15800 30330 920

Maine 18340 33030 801

Vermont 19940 35070 759

South Dakota 15900 27200 711

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health amp Health Care Workforce 177

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

New York 5918

Maine 3846

Minnesota 3837

Rhode Island 2870

Connecticut 2784

West Virginia 2769

North Carolina 2713

Montana 2678

New Mexico 2625

Vermont 2571

Ohio 2488

Iowa 2365

New Jersey 2215

Massachusetts 2208

Wisconsin 2169

Michigan 2163

North Dakota 2141

Texas 2106

Washington 2083

Oregon 2018

Hawaii 1993

Pennsylvania 1922

Arizona 1910

Oklahoma 1875

Alaska 1826

South Carolina 1793

Missouri 1745

Idaho 1689

Alabama 1669

Indiana 1642

Delaware 1476

Florida 1475

Kansas 1445

District of Columbia 1429

Nebraska 1399

Tennessee 1378

Louisiana 1325

Virginia 1270

Maryland 1237

New Hampshire 1207

Arkansas 1194

Kentucky 1119

Illinois 1108

Wyoming 1102

California 1095

South Dakota 1048

Utah 897

Mississippi 696

Georgia 687

Nevada 653

Colorado NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Connecticut 416

Washington 402

North Dakota 367

Oregon 367

Wyoming 367

Nebraska 333

West Virginia 320

Kentucky 319

New York 312

South Carolina 303

District of Columbia 303

Delaware 296

Indiana 289

Ohio 288

Michigan 286

Arkansas 276

Hawaii 273

Vermont 273

Illinois 272

Missouri 266

Pennsylvania 265

Montana 260

South Dakota 256

Iowa 254

Oklahoma 245

Mississippi 243

Maine 243

Tennessee 239

Massachusetts 234

Louisiana 234

North Carolina 229

California 227

Texas 221

New Jersey 221

Alaska 217

Minnesota 216

Alabama 215

Wisconsin 213

Florida 212

New Mexico 210

Nevada 209

Georgia 205

New Hampshire 204

Virginia 204

Maryland 204

Kansas 200

Utah 176

Idaho 173

Arizona 159

Rhode Island 26

Colorado NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 690

Utah 688

Idaho 631

Georgia 528

Maryland 518

Virginia 512

Nevada 510

New Hampshire 505

Wisconsin 504

Kansas 500

Alabama 489

Florida 480

Minnesota 476

New Mexico 470

New Jersey 463

Texas 461

Louisiana 452

North Carolina 451

California 444

Massachusetts 417

Tennessee 417

Alaska 410

Maine 406

Mississippi 403

South Dakota 403

Oklahoma 381

Iowa 380

Montana 373

Missouri 370

Pennsylvania 364

Rhode Island 361

Vermont 355

Illinois 351

Wyoming 345

Arkansas 337

Indiana 330

Michigan 328

Ohio 324

Hawaii 321

Delaware 319

South Carolina 303

New York 290

West Virginia 280

District of Columbia 280

Kentucky 280

Nebraska 266

Oregon 239

North Dakota 229

Washington 213

Connecticut 189

Colorado NA

Ap

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Aid

es

178 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Hawaii $16680 $22490 348

North Dakota 15770 19260 221

Arkansas 14590 17800 220

South Dakota 16490 20110 220

Nevada 17730 21500 213

Maryland 17140 20430 192

Illinois 17160 20030 167

Oklahoma 16440 19120 163

West Virginia 13590 15800 163

Wyoming 16510 19040 153

Georgia 15980 18430 153

Kentucky 16790 19340 152

Indiana 17680 20280 147

Washington 18190 20710 139

Idaho 15970 18100 133

District of Columbia 17220 19450 130

Minnesota 19350 21800 127

Missouri 16050 18050 125

Virginia 16320 18330 123

Wisconsin 18060 20230 120

Arizona 16720 18720 120

Iowa 16970 18910 114

Massachusetts 20810 23090 110

Montana 15820 17490 106

New Jersey 19060 20990 101

Kansas 17240 18900 96

Ohio 17710 19300 90

New York 18440 20010 85

North Carolina 16300 17630 82

Alaska 23020 24800 77

Delaware 18710 20060 72

Rhode Island 22750 24390 72

Florida 17760 18960 68

Nebraska 19000 20270 67

New Mexico 16960 18060 65

Pennsylvania 18080 19170 60

Maine 18530 19640 60

South Carolina 16670 17590 55

Tennessee 16640 17530 53

Oregon 18530 19440 49

Michigan 18580 18970 21

California 19880 19750 -07

Alabama 16480 16330 -09

New Hampshire 21100 20710 -18

Utah 19560 18850 -36

Connecticut 26540 25320 -46

Texas 16340 14680 -102

Louisiana 18520 16400 -114

Colorado 23010 19600 -148

Mississippi 19070 16170 -152

Vermont 17890 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

South Dakota $20110 $29080

North Dakota 19260 30620

Arkansas 17800 29560

Oklahoma 19120 31150

Montana 17490 29880

Mississippi 16170 28630

Nebraska 20270 33060

Nevada 21500 34300

Kentucky 19340 32170

Iowa 18910 31990

Wyoming 19040 32510

Indiana 20280 33820

Rhode Island 24390 38240

Maine 19640 33480

Hawaii 22490 36750

South Carolina 17590 31940

Idaho 18100 32770

West Virginia 15800 30470

Florida 18960 33750

Louisiana 16400 31230

Kansas 18900 33780

New Mexico 18060 33000

Wisconsin 20230 35240

Tennessee 17530 32730

Utah 18850 34110

Alabama 16330 31940

Arizona 18720 34880

Missouri 18050 34460

North Carolina 17630 34120

Ohio 19300 35910

New Hampshire 20710 37450

Pennsylvania 19170 35970

Alaska 24800 42170

Georgia 18430 35840

Oregon 19440 36980

Minnesota 21800 39840

Illinois 20030 38580

Delaware 20060 39050

Connecticut 25320 44400

Washington 20710 40860

Colorado 19600 39820

Michigan 18970 39590

Texas 14680 35310

Virginia 18330 39130

Maryland 20430 41360

New Jersey 20990 43040

California 19750 41980

Massachusetts 23090 45290

New York 20010 43590

District of Columbia 19450 57980

Ap

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-term

Care

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om

e H

ealth

Aid

es

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 179

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

New York $13680 $29930 1188

Illinois 12880 27710 1151

Oklahoma 14090 29090 1065

Georgia 12660 26070 1059

Louisiana 11870 24350 1051

Arkansas 12400 24740 995

Nebraska 13800 26880 948

Mississippi 11890 21650 821

Colorado 14510 26420 821

Alaska 17810 32260 811

Alabama 12110 21770 798

Kansas 14590 26030 784

Texas 11530 20250 756

California 15050 26400 754

Indiana 15220 26690 754

Kentucky 14590 25530 750

Rhode Island 18820 32900 748

Maryland 15310 26740 747

Pennsylvania 14380 24910 732

Delaware 15140 26170 729

Connecticut 19080 32800 719

Virginia 13940 23600 693

Washington 15890 26830 688

Wyoming 14110 23710 680

Wisconsin 15410 25790 674

New Mexico 14570 24190 660

New Hampshire 15870 26290 657

West Virginia 12240 20190 650

Massachusetts 17560 28740 637

Tennessee 13770 22470 632

Iowa 14720 23800 617

Minnesota 17210 27670 608

Michigan 14970 23930 599

Arizona 14640 23400 598

Ohio 15070 24070 597

District of Columbia 15310 24450 597

Missouri 14220 22690 596

South Dakota 15860 25290 595

Florida 14860 23640 591

Utah 14800 23310 575

Maine 15060 23690 573

North Dakota 15040 23450 559

New Jersey 16740 25860 545

North Carolina 14480 22150 530

Montana 14530 22030 516

Idaho 14540 21970 511

South Carolina 14510 21800 502

Nevada 17830 26750 500

Hawaii 18480 27480 487

Oregon 15630 23150 481

Ap

pend

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s |

Lo

ng

-term

Care

Ro

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om

e H

ealth

Aid

es

180 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

South Carolina 769

District of Columbia 695

Connecticut 585

New York 475

Minnesota 475

Pennsylvania 474

Delaware 468

Wyoming 467

Colorado 463

Michigan 460

Louisiana 458

Maine 456

Indiana 439

Massachusetts 424

West Virginia 422

South Dakota 419

Nebraska 417

Washington 412

Ohio 412

Missouri 411

Alabama 404

Iowa 400

Illinois 389

California 385

New Jersey 385

Arkansas 380

Kentucky 379

North Dakota 376

Alaska 371

Rhode Island 371

Oregon 369

Vermont 366

Maryland 359

Tennessee 358

Wisconsin 348

Georgia 332

Montana 327

New Hampshire 326

New Mexico 320

Texas 319

North Carolina 311

Virginia 310

Mississippi 306

Florida 300

Kansas 297

Oklahoma 268

Hawaii 250

Utah 239

Idaho 225

Nevada 224

Arizona 207

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 502

Nevada 454

Idaho 451

Utah 417

Hawaii 344

Colorado 343

Florida 306

Kansas 300

Mississippi 297

North Carolina 292

New Mexico 291

Virginia 291

Texas 279

New Hampshire 275

Montana 270

Alaska 265

Georgia 262

Alabama 252

Oregon 249

Wisconsin 246

Tennessee 235

Maryland 233

Vermont 230

Rhode Island 224

North Dakota 216

Kentucky 215

Arkansas 213

New Jersey 210

California 209

Illinois 206

Washington 205

Iowa 198

Oklahoma 195

Missouri 187

Ohio 187

Nebraska 183

South Dakota 182

West Virginia 179

Massachusetts 173

Indiana 167

Louisiana 158

Maine 157

Michigan 154

Delaware 150

Wyoming 149

Pennsylvania 146

New York 146

Minnesota 145

Connecticut 93

District of Columbia 58

South Carolina 40

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

North Dakota 9322

Nebraska 8666

South Dakota 8007

Wisconsin 7715

South Carolina 7645

Kansas 7007

Maine 6982

Connecticut 6912

Missouri 6801

Rhode Island 6741

Iowa 6706

Oklahoma 6591

Ohio 6520

Minnesota 6457

Massachusetts 6442

Louisiana 6230

North Carolina 6030

Montana 5962

Kentucky 5837

Pennsylvania 5743

West Virginia 5712

Arkansas 5707

Mississippi 5567

District of Columbia 5490

Delaware 5471

Indiana 5195

Idaho 5116

Vermont 5025

New York 5001

New Hampshire 4969

Tennessee 4803

Maryland 4733

Alabama 4693

New Jersey 4617

Florida 4312

Wyoming 4307

Michigan 4271

Illinois 4218

Georgia 4142

Virginia 4028

Washington 4013

Texas 3961

New Mexico 3773

Utah 3600

Colorado 3486

Oregon 3457

Arizona 3380

California 2864

Hawaii 2681

Alaska 2653

Nevada 2608

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 181

Ap

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-term

Care

Ro

les | N

ursin

g A

ides O

rderlie

s and A

ttendants

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Wyoming $16960 $20920 233

California 19840 23910 205

Kansas 17690 21130 194

North Dakota 16920 20210 194

Texas 15760 18750 190

Rhode Island 21130 25070 186

Iowa 18640 22000 180

West Virginia 15430 18210 180

Colorado 20210 23800 178

Maryland 21500 25280 176

Oklahoma 15460 18060 168

Ohio 18790 21940 168

Idaho 16300 19000 166

Arkansas 15210 17720 165

Virginia 17930 20880 165

Delaware 20510 23890 165

Wisconsin 20030 23210 159

Massachusetts 22540 26110 158

Kentucky 17230 19910 156

District of Columbia 21280 24530 153

Arizona 18860 21710 151

Montana 16560 19060 151

Pennsylvania 19800 22750 149

Georgia 16260 18680 149

Florida 18150 20810 147

Washington 20670 23670 145

Tennessee 17190 19670 144

Louisiana 13630 15560 142

Missouri 16930 19320 141

New York 23880 27230 140

Michigan 20460 23320 140

Nevada 21200 24120 138

Utah 17330 19680 136

Nebraska 18560 21050 134

North Carolina 17780 20090 130

Illinois 18450 20620 118

Minnesota 21800 24330 116

Vermont 19310 21550 116

Maine 18900 21040 113

Hawaii 22600 25110 111

Alaska 26510 29480 112

Indiana 19260 21350 109

South Dakota 17310 19170 107

Alabama 15980 17710 108

New Mexico 17650 19520 106

New Hampshire 22140 24430 103

South Carolina 17110 18830 101

Mississippi 15110 16590 98

Connecticut 24820 27110 92

Oregon 20840 22560 83

New Jersey 22570 24070 66

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

South Dakota $19170 $29080

Iowa 22000 31990

Nevada 24120 34300

North Dakota 20210 30620

Montana 19060 29880

Wyoming 20920 32510

Hawaii 25110 36750

Arkansas 17720 29560

Nebraska 21050 33060

Wisconsin 23210 35240

Mississippi 16590 28630

West Virginia 18210 30470

Kentucky 19910 32170

Maine 21040 33480

Indiana 21350 33820

Kansas 21130 33780

Alaska 29480 42170

Florida 20810 33750

New Hampshire 24430 37450

Tennessee 19670 32730

Oklahoma 18060 31150

South Carolina 18830 31940

Vermont 21550 34650

Rhode Island 25070 38240

Arizona 21710 34880

Pennsylvania 22750 35970

Virgin Islands 14970 28340

Idaho 19000 32770

Ohio 21940 35910

North Carolina 20090 34120

Alabama 17710 31940

Oregon 22560 36980

Utah 19680 34110

Missouri 19320 34460

Delaware 23890 39050

Minnesota 24330 39840

Louisiana 15560 31230

Colorado 23800 39820

Maryland 25280 41360

Michigan 23320 39590

New York 27230 43590

Texas 18750 35310

Georgia 18680 35840

Washington 23670 40860

Connecticut 27110 44400

Illinois 20620 38580

California 23910 41980

Virginia 20880 39130

New Jersey 24070 43040

Massachusetts 26110 45290

District of Columbia 24530 57980

Ap

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Care

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ursin

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rderlie

s and A

ttendants

182 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

California $17180 $33290 938

Georgia 13220 25390 921

New Mexico 13980 26350 885

New York 18960 35300 862

Illinois 14820 27260 839

Maryland 18630 34150 833

Louisiana 11740 21430 825

Texas 13720 25020 824

Kansas 15620 28480 823

Kentucky 14780 26560 797

Missouri 14480 25980 794

Mississippi 12230 21870 788

Colorado 17940 31680 766

Virginia 15600 27350 753

Rhode Island 19040 33320 750

Indiana 15830 27590 743

Washington 17940 31180 738

Pennsylvania 16900 29150 725

North Carolina 15250 26180 717

District of Columbia 18670 32000 714

Maine 15870 27180 713

Florida 15750 26910 709

North Dakota 15290 25830 689

Massachusetts 19940 33660 688

Idaho 14480 24410 686

Nebraska 16050 27030 684

Ohio 16710 28060 679

Oregon 17230 28910 678

Arkansas 13490 22610 676

Nevada 18440 30860 674

Tennessee 15190 25360 670

Minnesota 18970 31560 664

South Dakota 14700 24420 661

Arizona 16760 27540 643

Vermont 16680 27390 642

New Hampshire 19100 31270 637

Wyoming 16370 26790 637

New Jersey 18610 30350 631

West Virginia 14210 23040 621

South Carolina 14710 23850 621

Iowa 17350 27960 612

Connecticut 21280 34240 609

Hawaii 19660 31200 587

Wisconsin 18240 28900 584

Michigan 18210 28800 582

Alabama 14290 22360 565

Montana 14860 23240 564

Delaware 18820 29340 559

Utah 15480 23780 536

Oklahoma 14640 22380 529

Alaska 23850 35580 492

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 183

Ap

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ursin

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rderlie

s and A

ttendants

Per Capita (total population)

Average 1895

Texas 4698

New York 4370

Montana 3908

Maine 3740

North Dakota 3545

Wisconsin 3241

Minnesota 3191

District of Columbia 2804

Kansas 2794

New Mexico 2738

West Virginia 2735

Washington 2438

Missouri 2345

Pennsylvania 2337

Alaska 2325

Vermont 2174

Iowa 2167

Louisiana 2048

Colorado 2036

North Carolina 1942

South Carolina 1817

Michigan 1772

Oklahoma 1706

New Hampshire 1696

Rhode Island 1631

Connecticut 1596

Tennessee 1592

South Dakota 1552

Georgia 1539

Delaware 1538

Oregon 1456

Illinois 1428

Indiana 1411

Wyoming 1302

Massachusetts 1210

Ohio 1181

Virginia 1138

Maryland 1136

Arkansas 931

Utah 927

California 903

Mississippi 896

Alabama 866

Nevada 784

Kentucky 713

New Jersey 653

Florida 631

Arizona 618

Nebraska 438

Hawaii NA

Idaho NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Utah 637

Nevada 563

Maine 546

New Mexico 533

Minnesota 519

New Jersey 500

Colorado 490

Connecticut 486

Arizona 484

Kansas 471

New Hampshire 457

Massachusetts 454

South Dakota 453

Wisconsin 453

Missouri 445

Montana 443

Arkansas 433

Maryland 427

Texas 418

Vermont 416

Alaska 416

Alabama 415

Oklahoma 410

Delaware 403

Virginia 398

Kentucky 373

California 361

North Carolina 358

Iowa 351

Indiana 350

New York 340

Wyoming 338

West Virginia 335

Rhode Island 322

Florida 318

Tennessee 310

Louisiana 308

Georgia 298

Ohio 296

Pennsylvania 270

South Carolina 269

Illinois 263

Mississippi 246

Washington 238

District of Columbia 225

Michigan 224

Oregon 214

Nebraska 181

North Dakota 157

Hawaii NA

Idaho NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

North Dakota 507

Colorado 464

Nebraska 462

Oregon 450

Washington 432

Michigan 417

District of Columbia 410

Mississippi 394

Illinois 378

South Carolina 372

Pennsylvania 371

Alabama 360

Ohio 351

Georgia 347

Tennessee 345

Louisiana 344

Rhode Island 333

Florida 330

West Virginia 322

New York 321

Alaska 311

North Carolina 310

California 309

Indiana 309

Iowa 308

Kentucky 301

Virginia 288

Delaware 286

Oklahoma 282

Vermont 282

Texas 277

Maryland 273

Missouri 268

Arkansas 267

Wyoming 267

Montana 265

New Hampshire 261

Wisconsin 259

Connecticut 256

Massachusetts 253

Arizona 250

South Dakota 250

Kansas 247

New Jersey 243

Minnesota 236

Maine 227

New Mexico 226

Nevada 220

Utah 176

Hawaii NA

Idaho NA

Ap

pend

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Care

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erso

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are

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184 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Delaware $14980 $19790 321

District of Columbia 16460 21630 314

California 16710 21100 263

Vermont 16490 19760 198

Wyoming 14440 17280 197

New Jersey 19730 23490 191

New Mexico 15260 18040 182

Washington 16820 19770 175

Missouri 14860 17380 170

Oregon 17680 20630 167

Montana 14350 16680 162

Iowa 16250 18870 161

Colorado 15820 18240 153

Massachusetts 18820 21700 153

Illinois 14470 16660 151

Idaho 15070 17330 150

Rhode Island 20070 23040 148

Alaska 23340 26390 131

Minnesota 18770 21090 124

Pennsylvania 17220 19350 124

Maryland 17060 19150 123

New York 16920 18950 120

Georgia 16280 18250 121

Louisiana 12870 14390 118

North Carolina 15510 17260 113

New Hampshire 16780 18690 114

Arizona 17590 19540 111

Utah 16170 17940 109

Virginia 14890 16450 105

Wisconsin 17350 19080 100

North Dakota 16210 17830 100

Michigan 16450 18060 98

West Virginia 13250 14510 95

Nebraska 17510 19140 93

Kansas 16360 17740 84

Oklahoma 13970 15150 84

Maine 16900 18090 70

Alabama 14570 15330 52

Florida 17000 17840 49

Texas 12750 13380 49

Indiana 17700 18500 45

Ohio 17150 17930 45

Kentucky 15650 16230 37

South Carolina 16400 16910 31

Arkansas 13600 13960 26

South Dakota 16890 17300 24

Mississippi 14400 14190 -15

Connecticut 21310 20870 -21

Tennessee 16730 16250 -29

Nevada 18320 17670 -35

Hawaii 16740 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

South Dakota $17300 $29080

North Dakota 17830 30620

Iowa 18870 31990

Montana 16680 29880

Nebraska 19140 33060

Mississippi 14190 28630

Vermont 19760 34650

New Mexico 18040 33000

South Carolina 16910 31940

Rhode Island 23040 38240

Wyoming 17280 32510

Indiana 18500 33820

Arizona 19540 34880

Maine 18090 33480

Idaho 17330 32770

Arkansas 13960 29560

Alaska 26390 42170

Florida 17840 33750

West Virginia 14510 30470

Kentucky 16230 32170

Oklahoma 15150 31150

Kansas 17740 33780

Wisconsin 19080 35240

Utah 17940 34110

Oregon 20630 36980

Tennessee 16250 32730

Alabama 15330 31940

Nevada 17670 34300

Pennsylvania 19350 35970

North Carolina 17260 34120

Louisiana 14390 31230

Missouri 17380 34460

Georgia 18250 35840

Ohio 17930 35910

Minnesota 21090 39840

New Hampshire 18690 37450

Delaware 19790 39050

New Jersey 23490 43040

California 21100 41980

Washington 19770 40860

Michigan 18060 39590

Colorado 18240 39820

Illinois 16660 38580

Texas 13380 35310

Maryland 19150 41360

Virginia 16450 39130

Connecticut 20870 44400

Massachusetts 21700 45290

New York 18950 43590

District of Columbia 21630 57980

Ap

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-term

Care

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erso

nal a

nd H

om

e C

are

Aid

es

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 185

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

New Jersey $15920 $35160 1209

Maryland 12690 26890 1119

Georgia 12370 25770 1083

Virginia 11870 22230 873

District of Columbia 15610 28090 799

Connecticut 15940 28670 799

Kentucky 12110 21560 780

California 15140 26950 780

Oregon 15780 27960 772

Pennsylvania 13060 22990 760

Alaska 19450 33830 739

Illinois 12600 21540 710

Tennessee 12280 20860 699

South Dakota 13110 22100 686

Delaware 14720 24400 658

Mississippi 11350 18810 657

Louisiana 11480 19010 656

Florida 13820 22880 656

Colorado 14100 23310 653

New Mexico 13440 22100 644

Nebraska 14780 24210 638

Missouri 13630 22310 637

Alabama 11970 19510 630

Wyoming 13390 21560 610

Vermont 15650 25180 609

Iowa 14930 24010 608

New York 14610 23450 605

North Dakota 13720 22010 604

North Carolina 13840 22090 596

New Hampshire 14470 22750 572

Ohio 14310 22450 569

Arkansas 11460 17870 559

Rhode Island 18130 28210 556

Indiana 14590 22690 555

Minnesota 17160 26390 538

Idaho 14140 21740 537

Oklahoma 11920 18270 533

Michigan 14670 22400 527

Wisconsin 15060 22870 519

West Virginia 11710 17770 518

Maine 14640 22110 510

Massachusetts 17940 27070 509

Arizona 15050 22560 499

Texas 11400 16780 472

Utah 15100 22170 468

Kansas 14850 21780 467

South Carolina 14410 21070 462

Washington 16100 23160 439

Montana 14390 20590 431

Nevada 15070 21520 428

Ap

pend

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Care

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erso

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om

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are

Aid

es

186 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 1435

Vermont 988

Delaware 868

Maine 661

Pennsylvania 626

Washington 534

Rhode Island 489

Nebraska 488

Connecticut 483

Alaska 468

Massachusetts 465

Colorado 462

Utah 461

Oregon 417

Virginia 386

Kentucky 380

California 366

Illinois 357

Maryland 319

Florida 306

Oklahoma 290

Iowa 281

Arizona 281

New Jersey 268

New Hampshire 264

Indiana 261

West Virginia 240

Wisconsin 233

New York 221

Minnesota 220

Montana 216

Alabama 214

Ohio 207

Kansas 206

Hawaii 203

Wyoming 200

Michigan 199

North Carolina 199

Tennessee 195

Nevada 189

Missouri 187

Louisiana 185

South Dakota 175

Mississippi 160

New Mexico 151

Idaho 138

Texas 110

Georgia 84

Arkansas 62

North Dakota NA

South Carolina NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Hawaii 1000

Louisiana 750

Illinois 720

Michigan 719

Wyoming 700

District of Columbia 643

Massachusetts 592

New York 588

Arkansas 571

North Carolina 571

California 569

Washington 564

West Virginia 556

Alaska 550

Mississippi 550

Oregon 533

Indiana 525

Nebraska 514

Ohio 509

Delaware 500

Georgia 500

Iowa 500

Kansas 500

Montana 500

New Mexico 500

Texas 500

Vermont 500

Wisconsin 500

Rhode Island 480

Florida 472

Pennsylvania 472

Virginia 471

Maine 455

New Jersey 455

Colorado 452

Connecticut 450

Alabama 444

Oklahoma 440

Kentucky 424

New Hampshire 421

Minnesota 417

Tennessee 417

South Dakota 375

Nevada 350

Arizona 340

Idaho 333

Utah 333

Maryland 328

Missouri 314

North Dakota NA

South Carolina NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Maryland 458

Missouri 453

Arizona 448

Idaho 411

South Dakota 383

Utah 374

Hawaii 360

New Mexico 357

Alaska 333

Colorado 332

New Hampshire 329

Tennessee 319

Nevada 317

Minnesota 314

Delaware 314

Kentucky 312

Wyoming 300

Maine 283

Oklahoma 277

Wisconsin 268

New Jersey 261

Montana 259

Florida 259

Connecticut 257

Virginia 256

Iowa 255

Pennsylvania 254

Alabama 250

Rhode Island 243

Indiana 230

Texas 229

Vermont 228

Georgia 222

Ohio 220

Kansas 214

Nebraska 214

Arkansas 210

Mississippi 201

North Carolina 200

Oregon 190

Washington 188

West Virginia 178

New York 172

California 172

Massachusetts 141

District of Columbia 117

Michigan 90

Illinois 90

Louisiana 60

North Dakota NA

South Carolina NA

Ap

pend

ix B

Ta

ble

s |

Menta

l Health

and

Sub

sta

nce A

buse R

ole

s | M

enta

l Health

Counse

lors

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 187

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Idaho $32600 $68270 1094

Iowa 21810 40620 862

West Virginia 21580 34500 599

Mississippi 24690 36630 484

South Carolina 25750 36720 426

Rhode Island 25650 36120 408

Georgia 26910 37770 404

California 30610 41570 358

Indiana 25720 34690 349

Oklahoma 25980 34120 313

Tennessee 24880 32480 305

New Jersey 31190 39630 271

Kentucky 26980 34200 268

Virginia 31410 39760 266

Pennsylvania 24640 31140 264

District of Columbia 23030 28930 256

New Mexico 33440 41210 232

Florida 29430 35860 218

Texas 30860 37490 215

Hawaii 34690 41560 198

Delaware 30310 36240 196

Louisiana 28370 33790 191

Kansas 29370 34730 182

Maryland 28050 33000 176

Oregon 33680 39380 169

Minnesota 34230 39810 163

Washington 34520 39730 151

Arizona 31630 36330 149

Ohio 33430 37880 133

Massachusetts 30430 34230 125

New Hampshire 35710 40110 123

Wyoming 34770 38630 111

Illinois 28650 31820 111

Montana 27630 30560 106

Maine 35660 39340 103

Arkansas 36760 40340 97

Alabama 27660 30220 93

Vermont 41550 45370 92

South Dakota 32860 35770 89

North Carolina 34100 36990 85

Alaska 36560 39500 80

Michigan 36780 39490 74

Connecticut 32680 34870 67

Missouri 37010 39370 64

North Dakota 34080 36270 64

New York 32360 34390 63

Colorado 33960 35680 51

Nebraska 34270 34230 -01

Wisconsin 46500 45110 -30

Nevada 42830 40150 -63

Utah 33460 29120 -130

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Idaho $68270 $32770

Arkansas 40340 29560

Vermont 45370 34650

Wisconsin 45110 35240

Iowa 40620 31990

New Mexico 41210 33000

Mississippi 36630 28630

South Dakota 35770 29080

Wyoming 38630 32510

Maine 39340 33480

Nevada 40150 34300

North Dakota 36270 30620

Missouri 39370 34460

Hawaii 41560 36750

South Carolina 36720 31940

West Virginia 34500 30470

Oklahoma 34120 31150

North Carolina 36990 34120

New Hampshire 40110 37450

Louisiana 33790 31230

Oregon 39380 36980

Texas 37490 35310

Florida 35860 33750

Kentucky 34200 32170

Ohio 37880 35910

Georgia 37770 35840

Arizona 36330 34880

Nebraska 34230 33060

Kansas 34730 33780

Indiana 34690 33820

Montana 30560 29880

Virginia 39760 39130

Minnesota 39810 39840

Michigan 39490 39590

Tennessee 32480 32730

California 41570 41980

Puerto Rico 21140 22070

Washington 39730 40860

Alabama 30220 31940

Rhode Island 36120 38240

Alaska 39500 42170

Delaware 36240 39050

New Jersey 39630 43040

Colorado 35680 39820

Pennsylvania 31140 35970

Utah 29120 34110

Illinois 31820 38580

Maryland 33000 41360

New York 34390 43590

Connecticut 34870 44400

Massachusetts 34230 45290

District of Columbia 28930 57980

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188 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Hawaii $20130 $82990 3123

Tennessee 16000 64540 3034

Virginia 21160 66380 2137

California 21840 68210 2123

Arizona 19190 56350 1936

District of Columbia 15600 45180 1896

New York 19990 56960 1849

Nebraska 18540 49950 1694

Wisconsin 25230 67850 1689

Louisiana 19460 52270 1686

Iowa 22210 58710 1643

Massachusetts 21750 56840 1613

Utah 19680 50750 1579

South Carolina 20270 52080 1569

Oklahoma 21930 54780 1498

Nevada 23260 57850 1487

North Dakota 21990 54420 1475

Oregon 22540 55540 1464

North Carolina 23060 56540 1452

Maryland 20330 49830 1451

New Hampshire 25190 61350 1435

Georgia 22900 55370 1418

West Virginia 22310 53240 1386

Alaska 23850 56450 1367

Indiana 21900 51530 1353

Pennsylvania 20220 47530 1351

New Jersey 24710 58060 1350

Alabama 19060 44250 1322

Kentucky 21900 50200 1292

Missouri 24830 56550 1277

Florida 23770 54070 1275

Delaware 23590 53340 1261

Texas 24810 54410 1193

Colorado 23450 51070 1178

New Mexico 26900 58330 1168

Connecticut 24230 52150 1152

Ohio 25330 54470 1150

Arkansas 26100 56020 1146

Maine 24630 52830 1145

Minnesota 26890 57340 1132

Kansas 23260 47980 1063

Rhode Island 24530 50390 1054

Illinois 21240 43600 1053

Michigan 26480 54050 1041

Mississippi 21860 44230 1023

Vermont 31930 62600 961

Washington 28610 54920 920

Montana 22420 42680 904

Wyoming 29170 52620 804

South Dakota 26570 46580 753

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 189

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Maine 1060

District of Columbia 1002

Washington 948

Delaware 868

Alaska 733

Massachusetts 628

West Virginia 558

Kansas 557

North Dakota 554

Vermont 542

Ohio 525

Connecticut 512

Pennsylvania 510

Oregon 446

Arizona 442

South Dakota 422

Montana 411

Missouri 393

Utah 384

Tennessee 376

New Jersey 373

New York 359

Nebraska 356

Maryland 354

Michigan 353

North Carolina 350

Wisconsin 340

Florida 336

Kentucky 309

Virginia 303

Alabama 288

Indiana 287

Louisiana 270

Minnesota 269

Oklahoma 247

California 240

Hawaii 235

Colorado 231

Illinois 227

New Mexico 221

Iowa 220

New Hampshire 219

Texas 193

Mississippi 192

Arkansas 178

Wyoming 140

Georgia 135

South Carolina 132

Nevada 111

Idaho 72

Rhode Island NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

North Dakota 600

Louisiana 567

West Virginia 548

Washington 547

District of Columbia 500

Hawaii 500

Colorado 465

Alabama 444

Nebraska 435

Mississippi 429

Pennsylvania 420

North Carolina 417

Alaska 400

Oklahoma 400

South Carolina 400

Utah 400

Michigan 396

Texas 389

Oregon 380

Indiana 378

California 368

New Mexico 367

New York 364

Missouri 355

Delaware 353

New Jersey 353

Virginia 352

Illinois 343

Ohio 334

New Hampshire 333

Vermont 333

Wisconsin 333

Florida 313

Maine 308

Minnesota 307

Connecticut 300

Idaho 286

Iowa 286

Kentucky 286

South Dakota 286

Arizona 281

Tennessee 280

Maryland 277

Montana 273

Arkansas 267

Kansas 254

Massachusetts 250

Georgia 233

Nevada 00

Rhode Island NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Georgia 600

Idaho 567

South Dakota 467

New Mexico 463

Arkansas 459

Maryland 449

Colorado 442

Utah 438

Arizona 437

Kentucky 435

Wyoming 429

Montana 417

Nevada 417

Hawaii 414

Tennessee 413

Maine 395

Florida 393

Minnesota 384

Alaska 383

New Hampshire 369

Connecticut 356

Vermont 350

New Jersey 344

Ohio 342

Iowa 341

Massachusetts 333

Kansas 331

Wisconsin 330

Illinois 329

Missouri 318

Virginia 317

Indiana 316

Delaware 314

New York 300

California 286

Oklahoma 279

Michigan 263

Texas 262

North Carolina 247

Pennsylvania 242

South Carolina 222

Mississippi 215

Nebraska 208

Oregon 197

Alabama 178

District of Columbia 152

Washington 150

West Virginia 132

North Dakota 123

Louisiana 107

Rhode Island NA

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190 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Nevada $36730 $54070 472

Arizona 25000 34450 378

Kansas 28430 36450 282

Utah 31460 40190 277

West Virginia 18550 23400 261

Alabama 24350 30180 239

Texas 27410 33670 228

Indiana 28780 35050 218

Massachusetts 35730 43260 211

Arkansas 27880 33670 208

Ohio 29560 35630 205

Maryland 36570 43950 202

Tennessee 25010 30040 201

Minnesota 37030 44260 195

Montana 26930 32010 189

Iowa 28100 33370 188

South Carolina 26650 31340 176

Wisconsin 36490 42460 164

Kentucky 28660 33130 156

North Carolina 32490 36890 135

Oklahoma 26060 29530 133

Nebraska 26970 30510 131

Hawaii 37970 42740 126

Mississippi 24200 27230 125

Colorado 31480 35360 123

New Jersey 41040 45960 120

Pennsylvania 29410 32510 105

Vermont 35160 38780 103

Maine 32720 36050 102

New York 37630 40890 87

Rhode Island 38460 40990 66

California 35210 36960 50

Connecticut 43470 45350 43

District of Columbia 41480 43110 39

Michigan 35790 36850 30

Illinois 30780 31250 15

Oregon 30030 30440 14

Idaho 32370 32480 03

Florida 31550 31470 -03

Missouri 32330 31980 -11

Delaware 36840 36160 -18

South Dakota 31320 30500 -26

New Hampshire 35170 34100 -30

New Mexico 33760 32290 -44

Virginia 41470 39160 -56

Alaska 35610 31960 -102

Georgia 38680 33200 -142

Wyoming 34210 25190 -264

Louisiana 29720 NA NA

North Dakota NA 30210 NA

Washington 33390 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Nevada $54070 $34300

Wisconsin 42460 35240

Utah 40190 34110

Hawaii 42740 36750

Minnesota 44260 39840

Arkansas 33670 29560

Vermont 38780 34650

New Jersey 45960 43040

North Carolina 36890 34120

Rhode Island 40990 38240

Kansas 36450 33780

Maine 36050 33480

Maryland 43950 41360

Montana 32010 29880

South Dakota 30500 29080

Iowa 33370 31990

Indiana 35050 33820

Kentucky 33130 32170

Connecticut 45350 44400

Virginia 39160 39130

Ohio 35630 35910

Idaho 32480 32770

North Dakota 30210 30620

Arizona 34450 34880

South Carolina 31340 31940

New Mexico 32290 33000

Mississippi 27230 28630

Oklahoma 29530 31150

Texas 33670 35310

Alabama 30180 31940

Massachusetts 43260 45290

Florida 31470 33750

Missouri 31980 34460

Nebraska 30510 33060

Georgia 33200 35840

New York 40890 43590

Tennessee 30040 32730

Michigan 36850 39590

Delaware 36160 39050

New Hampshire 34100 37450

Pennsylvania 32510 35970

Colorado 35360 39820

California 36960 41980

Oregon 30440 36980

West Virginia 23400 30470

Wyoming 25190 32510

Illinois 31250 38580

Alaska 31960 42170

District of Columbia 43110 57980

Louisiana NA 31230

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 191

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Utah $16280 $57910 2557

Colorado 17170 56560 2294

Virginia 20430 62740 2071

Idaho 16530 50650 2064

New Mexico 17080 51460 2013

Massachusetts 24360 68020 1792

Nevada 35370 98720 1791

Oklahoma 16160 44970 1783

Alabama 16480 45760 1777

Michigan 20110 54310 1701

Arizona 20060 53380 1661

Georgia 17310 45830 1648

Mississippi 14340 37890 1642

Rhode Island 25610 65210 1546

Connecticut 27150 67700 1494

Arkansas 20060 49360 1461

Wyoming 15620 37680 1412

Illinois 19210 46260 1408

South Carolina 19580 46560 1378

Pennsylvania 20330 48200 1371

New Hampshire 21680 51380 1370

California 23250 55060 1368

New York 25810 60420 1341

Maine 22760 52260 1296

Alaska 20810 47660 1290

Kansas 23470 53620 1285

Virgin Islands 22670 51500 1272

Oregon 19770 44600 1256

Tennessee 19230 43080 1240

Wisconsin 26510 59140 1231

North Dakota 19200 42750 1227

Missouri 20250 44430 1194

Nebraska 20320 43820 1156

Minnesota 28430 61170 1152

New Jersey 30360 64320 1119

Indiana 23290 48950 1102

West Virginia 15840 32810 1071

Florida 21570 44410 1059

Montana 21340 43300 1029

North Carolina 25540 51640 1022

Ohio 24920 49550 988

Texas 23820 46590 956

Iowa 24060 46620 938

Delaware 25710 49520 926

Maryland 29620 56960 923

Kentucky 23580 45120 913

District of Columbia 30750 57250 862

Hawaii 30870 56050 816

Vermont 30360 50130 651

South Dakota 23770 38880 636

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192 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Massachusetts 1450

District of Columbia 953

Mississippi 890

South Dakota 598

Missouri 535

South Carolina 504

Louisiana 413

Vermont 393

Maine 361

Idaho 360

New Hampshire 297

Michigan 289

New York 285

Kansas 265

West Virginia 256

Pennsylvania 252

Oklahoma 232

Tennessee 231

Wyoming 220

North Carolina 215

Montana 214

Nebraska 207

Rhode Island 200

Georgia 192

Wisconsin 191

New Jersey 187

Utah 185

Arizona 161

Texas 145

Florida 143

Alabama 141

Alaska 137

Illinois 132

Oregon 131

Virginia 116

Arkansas 115

Maryland 98

Kentucky 95

Nevada 92

Connecticut 90

New Mexico 65

California 49

Ohio 41

Delaware 37

Minnesota 25

Colorado NA

Hawaii NA

Indiana NA

Iowa NA

North Dakota NA

Washington NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Louisiana 1000

Michigan 1000

Kentucky 833

New York 778

Pennsylvania 755

South Dakota 667

Massachusetts 665

Virginia 647

South Carolina 640

Georgia 600

Tennessee 571

Texas 571

Missouri 550

District of Columbia 538

Maryland 538

Illinois 512

Alabama 500

Maine 500

New Jersey 500

Oregon 500

Rhode Island 500

Utah 500

West Virginia 462

Florida 443

Kansas 429

Montana 429

Vermont 429

Nebraska 417

New Hampshire 417

California 400

Minnesota 400

North Carolina 400

Oklahoma 400

Mississippi 375

Ohio 353

Nevada 300

Idaho 273

Arkansas 250

Wisconsin 250

Arizona 211

Connecticut 00

Delaware 00

Alaska NA

Colorado NA

Hawaii NA

Indiana NA

Iowa NA

New Mexico NA

North Dakota NA

Washington NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 517

Utah 372

Arkansas 370

Nevada 350

Idaho 319

Minnesota 280

Wisconsin 279

New Mexico 250

Ohio 234

Mississippi 216

Montana 200

Nebraska 196

New Hampshire 195

California 176

North Carolina 168

Kansas 167

Rhode Island 164

Florida 163

Alabama 159

Oklahoma 148

Vermont 145

West Virginia 138

Maine 128

Tennessee 127

New Jersey 125

Illinois 125

Missouri 118

District of Columbia 113

Oregon 109

Maryland 103

Texas 95

Wyoming 91

South Carolina 87

Georgia 79

Virginia 72

Massachusetts 65

South Dakota 59

Alaska 45

Pennsylvania 42

New York 33

Connecticut 32

Kentucky 18

Delaware 00

Michigan 00

Louisiana 00

Colorado NA

Hawaii NA

Indiana NA

Iowa NA

North Dakota NA

Washington NA

Ap

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 193

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Maine $21990 $27710 260

West Virginia 15200 18610 224

Louisiana 16220 19600 208

Alaska 28160 33850 202

Massachusetts 23270 27960 202

Kansas 17010 20400 199

Arkansas 15320 18330 196

Oklahoma 17060 20200 184

Nebraska 20110 23190 153

Iowa 24060 27440 140

Texas 17650 20080 138

New Jersey 25160 28600 137

Pennsylvania 26040 29360 127

Illinois 20000 22380 119

Arizona 19240 21490 117

Maryland 23100 25330 97

Alabama 16760 18280 91

Indiana 22420 24270 83

Wisconsin 20440 21940 73

New York 28600 30610 70

New Mexico 21470 22970 70

Connecticut 25190 26820 65

California 22760 24110 59

Oregon 24460 25450 40

Washington 28460 29410 33

Montana 22850 22790 -03

South Carolina 18140 17920 -12

Kentucky 19380 19130 -13

North Carolina 21060 20440 -29

Mississippi 17660 17070 -33

Missouri 20150 19450 -35

Georgia 22180 21150 -46

Virginia 23140 21770 -59

Michigan 27780 25780 -72

Tennessee 21900 20180 -79

Florida 21970 19780 -100

Ohio 28080 20210 -280

Colorado 22250 NA NA

District of Columbia NA 27290 NA

Hawaii NA 27630 NA

Idaho 24310 NA NA

Minnesota NA 24200 NA

Nevada NA 32120 NA

New Hampshire 21940 NA NA

North Dakota NA 20630 NA

Rhode Island 29220 NA NA

South Dakota NA 24530 NA

Utah 19110 NA NA

Vermont 20680 NA NA

Wyoming 13160 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Nevada $32120 $34300

South Dakota 24530 29080

Iowa 27440 31990

Maine 27710 33480

Pennsylvania 29360 35970

Montana 22790 29880

Alaska 33850 42170

Hawaii 27630 36750

Indiana 24270 33820

Nebraska 23190 33060

North Dakota 20630 30620

New Mexico 22970 33000

Oklahoma 20200 31150

Arkansas 18330 29560

Washington 29410 40860

Oregon 25450 36980

Mississippi 17070 28630

Louisiana 19600 31230

West Virginia 18610 30470

Tennessee 20180 32730

New York 30610 43590

Kentucky 19130 32170

Wisconsin 21940 35240

Kansas 20400 33780

Arizona 21490 34880

Alabama 18280 31940

North Carolina 20440 34120

Michigan 25780 39590

Florida 19780 33750

South Carolina 17920 31940

New Jersey 28600 43040

Georgia 21150 35840

Missouri 19450 34460

Texas 20080 35310

Minnesota 24200 39840

Ohio 20210 35910

Maryland 25330 41360

Illinois 22380 38580

Virginia 21770 39130

Massachusetts 27960 45290

Connecticut 26820 44400

California 24110 41980

District of Columbia 27290 57980

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194 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

New Mexico $13400 $33390 1492

District of Columbia 16510 38960 1360

Pennsylvania 19310 42810 1217

Iowa 18050 39410 1183

Illinois 15280 31700 1075

Arkansas 12830 26600 1073

Ohio 14750 30230 1049

Michigan 18200 36920 1029

Louisiana 13640 27250 998

Alabama 12350 24360 972

Oregon 17010 32940 937

West Virginia 13660 26150 914

New Jersey 21040 40140 908

North Carolina 14360 26740 862

Kentucky 14310 26610 860

Nevada 23000 42580 851

Tennessee 14990 27370 826

South Dakota 17720 32240 819

Washington 19840 35940 811

Connecticut 19400 34740 791

Indiana 18350 32670 780

Maryland 18850 33360 770

Alaska 24910 43620 751

Texas 15150 26360 740

Maine 20060 34660 728

Georgia 15980 27460 718

Minnesota 18200 31220 715

Missouri 15080 25750 708

Wisconsin 16570 27940 686

Montana 16630 27940 680

Oklahoma 15580 26000 669

Florida 15330 25180 643

Kansas 15860 25950 636

Arizona 16840 27510 634

Virginia 16960 27630 629

California 18510 29100 572

New York 23940 37340 560

Nebraska 18420 28530 549

South Carolina 14940 22400 499

Mississippi 14540 21720 494

Hawaii 23100 34310 485

Massachusetts 23020 34150 483

North Dakota 17820 25400 425

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 195

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 905

Illinois 523

Virginia 450

Utah 410

Rhode Island 359

North Carolina 348

Montana 344

Nebraska 337

South Dakota 256

Maine 238

Colorado 233

Louisiana 219

Indiana 209

Vermont 208

Alaska 203

Delaware 198

Florida 197

Idaho 179

Kansas 170

Oregon 167

Oklahoma 163

Arkansas 123

Kentucky 111

Ohio 111

North Dakota 109

Wisconsin 107

Pennsylvania 103

Arizona 101

Mississippi 101

New Jersey 93

Texas 92

Massachusetts 87

West Virginia 74

Georgia 69

Maryland 65

New York 55

Michigan 54

Alabama 49

Tennessee 35

Minnesota 23

California NA

Connecticut NA

Hawaii NA

Iowa NA

Missouri NA

Nevada NA

New Hampshire NA

New Mexico NA

South Carolina NA

Washington NA

Wyoming NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 1000

Illinois 1000

Kentucky 1000

Louisiana 1000

Michigan 1000

Nebraska 1000

New York 1000

North Dakota 1000

Ohio 1000

Pennsylvania 1000

Rhode Island 1000

South Dakota 1000

Tennessee 1000

Vermont 1000

West Virginia 1000

Wisconsin 1000

Virginia 935

Massachusetts 933

Oregon 850

Indiana 800

Maryland 800

Delaware 667

Kansas 667

Florida 629

Oklahoma 600

Texas 556

Alabama 500

Maine 500

Mississippi 444

Colorado 435

Minnesota 400

Idaho 375

Arkansas 333

New Jersey 333

Utah 333

Georgia 300

North Carolina 267

Montana 250

Arizona 219

Alaska NA

California NA

Connecticut NA

Hawaii NA

Iowa NA

Missouri NA

Nevada NA

New Hampshire NA

New Mexico NA

South Carolina NA

Washington NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 451

North Carolina 398

Montana 377

New Jersey 375

Minnesota 330

Georgia 237

Arkansas 234

Utah 232

Idaho 195

Mississippi 159

Alaska 154

Alabama 136

Maine 133

Kansas 130

Colorado 124

Texas 100

Florida 79

Oklahoma 70

Wisconsin 52

Oregon 51

West Virginia 45

Indiana 39

New York 38

North Dakota 14

Maryland 14

Virginia 09

Vermont 08

South Dakota 05

Delaware 00

Louisiana 00

Massachusetts 00

Pennsylvania 00

Tennessee 00

Ohio 00

Rhode Island 00

Michigan 00

Illinois 00

Nebraska 00

District of Columbia 00

Kentucky 00

California NA

Connecticut NA

Hawaii NA

Iowa NA

Missouri NA

Nevada NA

New Hampshire NA

New Mexico NA

South Carolina NA

Washington NA

Wyoming NA

Ap

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196 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Idaho $19050 $27250 430

New Mexico 17120 24080 407

Arizona 20650 28410 376

Iowa 19230 26140 359

Texas 17820 23540 321

Maryland 22590 29420 302

Massachusetts 26470 32250 218

Kentucky 18490 22430 213

Alabama 18050 21540 193

California 35180 41870 190

Ohio 23960 28470 188

Connecticut 37150 43830 180

Louisiana 16810 19690 171

Utah 18790 21740 157

Georgia 24600 28420 155

New York 27400 31460 148

Arkansas 17940 20360 135

North Carolina 23090 25940 123

Illinois 26380 29610 122

Vermont 28580 31910 117

Kansas 24020 26690 111

Missouri 19270 21280 104

Michigan 26910 28930 75

Florida 20950 22490 74

District of Columbia 31830 34150 73

Maine 22930 24320 61

Oregon 31300 33000 54

Colorado 29170 30650 51

Indiana 23690 24880 50

South Carolina 19790 20610 41

Wisconsin 29500 30620 38

Washington 31450 31910 15

Pennsylvania 26690 26950 10

Virginia 22700 22870 07

New Jersey 33740 33690 -01

Mississippi 19860 19790 -04

Minnesota 28290 28000 -10

Oklahoma 25120 23400 -68

Alaska 54180 NA NA

Delaware 28950 NA NA

Nebraska 20330 NA NA

Nevada 23020 NA NA

North Dakota NA 24830 NA

Rhode Island 34070 NA NA

Tennessee 20890 NA NA

West Virginia 22630 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

California $41870 $41980

Connecticut 43830 44400

Vermont 31910 34650

Oregon 33000 36980

Wisconsin 30620 35240

Idaho 27250 32770

North Dakota 24830 30620

Iowa 26140 31990

Arizona 28410 34880

Kansas 26690 33780

Georgia 28420 35840

Ohio 28470 35910

Oklahoma 23400 31150

North Carolina 25940 34120

Mississippi 19790 28630

New Mexico 24080 33000

Indiana 24880 33820

Washington 31910 40860

Illinois 29610 38580

Pennsylvania 26950 35970

Colorado 30650 39820

Maine 24320 33480

Arkansas 20360 29560

New Jersey 33690 43040

Kentucky 22430 32170

Alabama 21540 31940

Michigan 28930 39590

Florida 22490 33750

South Carolina 20610 31940

Louisiana 19690 31230

Texas 23540 35310

Minnesota 28000 39840

Maryland 29420 41360

New York 31460 43590

Utah 21740 34110

Massachusetts 32250 45290

Missouri 21280 34460

Virginia 22870 39130

District of Columbia 34150 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 197

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Alabama $12460 $31630 1539

New Jersey 20590 49690 1413

Idaho 18120 40200 1219

North Dakota 18420 40060 1175

Massachusetts 20910 45450 1174

Georgia 18540 39890 1152

Maryland 20240 42120 1081

Oregon 21460 43810 1041

New Mexico 16310 32560 996

New York 21530 42740 985

Iowa 18550 36640 975

Ohio 19960 39270 967

Wisconsin 21710 41700 921

District of Columbia 23180 43860 892

Pennsylvania 19260 36130 876

California 29420 54940 867

Texas 17110 31520 842

Michigan 20220 36790 819

Arizona 21010 37860 802

Kansas 19380 34580 784

Florida 16340 29150 784

Louisiana 14710 26040 770

Mississippi 15060 26500 760

South Carolina 15350 26850 749

Arkansas 15440 26990 748

Vermont 24370 42310 736

Connecticut 31710 54760 727

Colorado 23410 40420 727

North Carolina 18190 30480 676

Washington 24340 40780 675

Indiana 19320 31990 656

Maine 19380 31480 624

Kentucky 17510 28420 623

Virginia 18050 29080 611

Oklahoma 18190 29280 610

Minnesota 21700 34870 607

Illinois 22570 36090 599

Utah 17890 27940 562

Missouri 17820 26610 493

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198 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

North Dakota 857

West Virginia 800

Michigan 771

Louisiana 750

District of Columbia 739

South Carolina 700

Wyoming 700

Iowa 667

New York 667

North Carolina 667

Connecticut 625

Nebraska 615

Delaware 600

Oklahoma 600

Vermont 600

Washington 589

Maine 579

Ohio 573

Alabama 571

Alaska 567

Illinois 566

Maryland 564

Mississippi 563

Virginia 563

Pennsylvania 552

Nevada 550

New Jersey 545

Georgia 540

Florida 523

Texas 519

Hawaii 500

Montana 500

New Mexico 500

Rhode Island 500

South Dakota 500

Tennessee 500

Indiana 480

Oregon 480

New Hampshire 462

Minnesota 458

Colorado 446

Kentucky 440

Missouri 429

Idaho 423

Arkansas 417

Massachusetts 412

Wisconsin 400

California 373

Arizona 361

Kansas 353

Utah 333

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 400

Utah 400

Kansas 393

Nevada 360

Arkansas 345

Idaho 335

Missouri 323

Kentucky 301

New Mexico 294

Massachusetts 288

Alaska 275

Wyoming 273

Minnesota 271

Hawaii 267

New Hampshire 256

Colorado 245

Montana 243

Georgia 242

Tennessee 242

Rhode Island 240

Wisconsin 238

South Dakota 220

Indiana 215

Texas 213

Oregon 210

Florida 205

Delaware 192

New Jersey 192

Pennsylvania 184

California 183

Vermont 182

Maine 180

Virginia 179

Maryland 178

Illinois 175

Washington 174

Oklahoma 171

Ohio 171

Mississippi 170

North Carolina 158

Iowa 149

Alabama 148

Connecticut 126

Nebraska 122

New York 111

West Virginia 90

South Carolina 89

Louisiana 85

District of Columbia 82

Michigan 76

North Dakota 48

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 1311

Alaska 796

South Dakota 539

Maryland 494

Rhode Island 479

Montana 461

North Dakota 426

Iowa 424

Vermont 393

Maine 360

New York 357

Oregon 352

Washington 351

Idaho 345

Connecticut 344

Colorado 327

Delaware 323

Massachusetts 320

New Jersey 303

South Carolina 300

Pennsylvania 287

Hawaii 243

California 234

Illinois 223

Wyoming 220

Nebraska 218

Missouri 218

Oklahoma 218

Utah 216

Kansas 206

New Hampshire 199

Indiana 196

Alabama 196

Wisconsin 193

Minnesota 190

North Carolina 190

New Mexico 183

Florida 181

Ohio 180

Arizona 177

Arkansas 156

Texas 140

Mississippi 137

Louisiana 132

Michigan 118

Nevada 115

Kentucky 113

Georgia 111

Virginia 108

Tennessee 107

West Virginia 92

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 199

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

New Hampshire $21900 $38880 775

Arizona 26920 42630 584

Oklahoma 20810 31740 525

Nevada 25950 39160 509

New Jersey 33910 47450 399

New Mexico 26270 36180 377

Indiana 28430 37630 324

Montana 24780 32580 315

Florida 26750 35170 315

Kentucky 26710 34390 288

Kansas 26310 33140 260

Nebraska 27640 34700 255

Minnesota 31950 40090 255

Georgia 27990 34990 250

Massachusetts 30250 37570 242

Missouri 28400 35080 235

Ohio 29300 34900 191

California 28140 33340 185

Alabama 27870 32680 173

Michigan 31280 36320 161

South Dakota 28190 32470 152

South Carolina 29840 34340 151

Wyoming 29780 34090 145

Oregon 28040 32070 144

Maine 28490 32580 144

Maryland 32510 37000 138

Idaho 31490 35600 131

North Carolina 29640 33450 129

Washington 29080 32770 127

Connecticut 34070 38400 127

Virginia 36970 41530 123

Tennessee 27590 30660 111

District of Columbia 34930 38710 108

Iowa 28670 31720 106

Colorado 28810 31830 105

North Dakota 33050 36000 89

Illinois 28030 30350 83

Alaska 34130 36930 82

Mississippi 24500 26300 73

Texas 26750 28090 50

West Virginia 28930 30340 49

New York 36600 37960 37

Arkansas 22130 22890 34

Pennsylvania 30160 30940 26

Louisiana 27910 28590 24

Utah 35070 35400 09

Delaware 33780 32910 -26

Vermont 40300 38220 -52

Wisconsin 41560 37930 -87

Hawaii 40030 34510 -138

Rhode Island 26090 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Arizona $42630 $34880

North Dakota 36000 30620

Nevada 39160 34300

New Jersey 47450 43040

Indiana 37630 33820

Vermont 38220 34650

South Dakota 32470 29080

New Mexico 36180 33000

Idaho 35600 32770

Montana 32580 29880

Wisconsin 37930 35240

South Carolina 34340 31940

Virginia 41530 39130

Kentucky 34390 32170

Nebraska 34700 33060

Wyoming 34090 32510

Florida 35170 33750

New Hampshire 38880 37450

Utah 35400 34110

Alabama 32680 31940

Missouri 35080 34460

Oklahoma 31740 31150

Minnesota 40090 39840

West Virginia 30340 30470

Iowa 31720 31990

Kansas 33140 33780

North Carolina 33450 34120

Georgia 34990 35840

Maine 32580 33480

Ohio 34900 35910

Tennessee 30660 32730

Hawaii 34510 36750

Mississippi 26300 28630

Louisiana 28590 31230

Michigan 36320 39590

Maryland 37000 41360

Oregon 32070 36980

Pennsylvania 30940 35970

Alaska 36930 42170

New York 37960 43590

Connecticut 38400 44400

Delaware 32910 39050

Arkansas 22890 29560

Texas 28090 35310

Massachusetts 37570 45290

Colorado 31830 39820

Washington 32770 40860

Illinois 30350 38580

California 33340 41980

District of Columbia 38710 57980

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200 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

New Jersey $24050 $88780 2691

Arizona 20210 66880 2309

Virginia 21970 67230 2060

Minnesota 18010 54790 2042

Nevada 19310 57400 1973

New Hampshire 20370 55460 1723

District of Columbia 14740 39610 1687

Connecticut 16530 43260 1617

Vermont 19910 51140 1569

New York 20030 47880 1390

Wisconsin 22550 53640 1379

Indiana 15310 36320 1372

Massachusetts 20420 48440 1372

Maryland 21790 51380 1358

Alaska 19300 45070 1335

Michigan 19380 44710 1307

New Mexico 20680 47160 1280

North Dakota 25290 57620 1278

Idaho 23990 52890 1205

Utah 20910 45860 1193

Florida 21540 46770 1171

Missouri 23100 49420 1139

Georgia 25210 53650 1128

Ohio 25130 53050 1111

Nebraska 19620 41410 1111

Hawaii 25650 53910 1102

Kentucky 22070 46270 1097

South Carolina 18550 38530 1077

Wyoming 24130 49800 1064

North Carolina 22550 45880 1035

California 19440 39420 1028

Kansas 23960 48220 1013

Delaware 22450 45060 1007

Washington 22700 45200 991

Alabama 23270 45110 939

Maine 26420 51130 935

Montana 23220 43850 888

South Dakota 24820 46110 858

Oregon 23980 43870 829

Colorado 25130 45850 825

Oklahoma 29790 54070 815

Iowa 24900 44490 787

Pennsylvania 24480 43710 786

Tennessee 28010 49980 784

Illinois 23070 40730 765

West Virginia 24750 43430 755

Louisiana 24920 42690 713

Texas 27890 47540 705

Mississippi 29230 46110 577

Arkansas 28300 44460 571

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 201

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Total Growth

State Percentage

Nevada 411

Idaho 381

Utah 353

New Mexico 313

Arizona 303

South Dakota 298

Maryland 293

Colorado 286

Wyoming 281

Texas 276

Florida 266

Alabama 265

Virginia 263

Montana 257

New Jersey 241

New Hampshire 240

Maine 236

Vermont 235

Georgia 230

Kansas 226

Pennsylvania 221

Minnesota 218

Missouri 213

Washington 212

Wisconsin 203

Mississippi 201

North Carolina 200

South Carolina 200

Iowa 190

California 189

Nebraska 188

Indiana 183

Arkansas 183

Hawaii 173

Alaska 171

Connecticut 168

Rhode Island 167

Tennessee 162

North Dakota 156

Ohio 153

New York 147

Delaware 140

Oregon 140

West Virginia 130

Massachusetts 124

Illinois 122

Oklahoma 107

Louisiana 102

District of Columbia 83

Michigan 66

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Rhode Island 2233

Delaware 2121

District of Columbia 1957

Vermont 1766

Massachusetts 1623

Maine 1610

West Virginia 1553

Oklahoma 1551

South Dakota 1477

Montana 1423

Connecticut 1376

Minnesota 1325

Utah 1272

Hawaii 1264

Michigan 1235

Wisconsin 1213

Illinois 1197

Alaska 1186

Pennsylvania 1173

Nebraska 1150

Missouri 1143

New York 1140

New Mexico 1083

Iowa 1058

North Carolina 1032

Tennessee 1024

North Dakota 1011

New Jersey 968

Arizona 948

Virginia 935

Oregon 931

Ohio 874

Colorado 869

Louisiana 809

Georgia 773

Mississippi 770

Indiana 755

Arkansas 734

California 712

Wyoming 641

New Hampshire 637

Maryland 611

Florida 586

Washington 583

Nevada 544

Kansas 505

Texas 493

Alabama 437

South Carolina 390

Idaho 194

Kentucky NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Michigan 719

District of Columbia 679

Louisiana 620

Oklahoma 613

Hawaii 600

Illinois 584

Alaska 567

West Virginia 565

Delaware 547

New York 536

Ohio 528

North Dakota 524

Tennessee 513

Connecticut 506

Rhode Island 506

Iowa 500

Indiana 494

Oregon 489

Arkansas 486

Nebraska 479

California 478

Massachusetts 478

North Carolina 469

South Carolina 467

Mississippi 463

Wisconsin 458

Washington 457

Colorado 456

Missouri 448

Minnesota 440

Georgia 437

Pennsylvania 434

Maine 424

Vermont 422

Alabama 412

New Hampshire 412

Montana 400

New Jersey 400

Florida 395

Virginia 395

Texas 385

New Mexico 370

Maryland 368

Arizona 361

South Dakota 358

Utah 333

Kansas 326

Nevada 290

Idaho 286

Wyoming 100

Kentucky NA

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202 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

StateM e a n A n n u a l Percent

Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Wyoming $23760 $33800 423

Montana 23920 32640 365

Massachusetts 34770 45800 317

New Hampshire 30840 38870 260

North Dakota 30190 38010 259

Minnesota 36010 44710 242

California 36150 44570 233

Louisiana 31310 38310 224

Vermont 31290 37990 214

Maryland 36220 43980 214

Kansas 27250 32920 208

Maine 30120 36110 199

Nebraska 26440 31250 182

Illinois 35700 42170 181

Washington 30060 35390 177

Rhode Island 40970 47990 171

Michigan 38490 44860 165

Missouri 27350 31820 163

Alabama 28000 32540 162

Ohio 31440 36430 159

Arkansas 27640 32020 158

New York 38300 44190 154

Oklahoma 25830 29620 147

Nevada 36650 41980 145

West Virginia 22390 25530 140

Colorado 37180 42230 136

Texas 29820 33820 134

Wisconsin 34520 39040 131

Connecticut 45360 51100 127

North Carolina 32270 35980 115

Utah 29480 32750 111

Alaska 35200 38860 104

Iowa 32640 35900 100

Florida 30160 33090 97

Indiana 28590 31260 93

Georgia 30780 33560 90

New Jersey 45200 49240 89

Tennessee 25670 27930 88

South Dakota 28140 30440 82

Pennsylvania 29530 31880 80

Delaware 33700 36300 77

Virginia 35970 38700 76

South Carolina 28630 30750 74

Hawaii 38940 41650 70

Arizona 30940 32650 55

Mississippi 28230 29380 41

District of Columbia 36530 37870 37

Oregon 35190 35710 15

New Mexico 30970 28850 -68

Idaho 38830 32340 -167

Kentucky 28140 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Rhode Island $47990 $38240

Nevada 41980 34300

North Dakota 38010 30620

Louisiana 38310 31230

Connecticut 51100 44400

New Jersey 49240 43040

Michigan 44860 39590

Minnesota 44710 39840

Hawaii 41650 36750

Iowa 35900 31990

Wisconsin 39040 35240

Illinois 42170 38580

Vermont 37990 34650

Montana 32640 29880

Maine 36110 33480

California 44570 41980

Maryland 43980 41360

Arkansas 32020 29560

Colorado 42230 39820

North Carolina 35980 34120

New Hampshire 38870 37450

South Dakota 30440 29080

Wyoming 33800 32510

Mississippi 29380 28630

Alabama 32540 31940

New York 44190 43590

Ohio 36430 35910

Massachusetts 45800 45290

Virginia 38700 39130

Idaho 32340 32770

Florida 33090 33750

Kansas 32920 33780

South Carolina 30750 31940

Oregon 35710 36980

Utah 32750 34110

Texas 33820 35310

Oklahoma 29620 31150

Nebraska 31250 33060

Arizona 32650 34880

Georgia 33560 35840

Indiana 31260 33820

Missouri 31820 34460

Delaware 36300 39050

Alaska 38860 42170

Pennsylvania 31880 35970

New Mexico 28850 33000

Tennessee 27930 32730

West Virginia 25530 30470

Washington 35390 40860

District of Columbia 37870 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 203

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Illinois $22170 $64510 1910

New Jersey 27820 75890 1728

Virginia 22830 60760 1661

Michigan 25340 66290 1616

California 26210 67700 1583

New York 27130 69360 1557

Rhode Island 27380 69310 1531

New Mexico 17210 43430 1524

Pennsylvania 19080 47500 1490

Alabama 19850 48690 1453

Iowa 21100 51690 1450

Colorado 25690 62900 1448

New Hampshire 25620 62360 1434

Louisiana 22970 55640 1422

Massachusetts 27620 65910 1386

Connecticut 29920 71230 1381

District of Columbia 24530 57170 1331

Oregon 22170 51160 1308

Idaho 22660 51060 1253

Maryland 25970 57520 1215

Alaska 25610 56040 1188

Wisconsin 25650 55880 1179

Minnesota 28890 62830 1175

Montana 20400 43850 1150

Nevada 28190 59640 1116

Florida 23010 48680 1116

Utah 21790 46050 1113

Texas 23040 48590 1109

Delaware 23890 50190 1101

Ohio 24350 51110 1099

Washington 24300 50910 1095

Hawaii 27550 57320 1081

Arizona 21200 43820 1067

Nebraska 21540 43670 1027

North Dakota 26600 53670 1018

West Virginia 16990 34270 1017

North Carolina 24950 49250 974

Arkansas 22640 44300 957

Maine 25220 49190 950

Vermont 26510 51630 948

Indiana 22030 42380 924

Tennessee 20060 38510 920

Missouri 22730 42820 884

Wyoming 24510 45770 867

Mississippi 21690 39560 824

Kansas 24500 43890 791

South Carolina 23220 41170 773

Oklahoma 20360 35110 724

South Dakota 23540 39400 674

Georgia 27650 43280 565

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204 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Utah 1474

Washington 1457

Illinois 1238

California 1220

New Jersey 1178

Alaska 1097

Montana 1095

Colorado 1083

Oregon 1067

Wisconsin 1048

Kansas 1047

Delaware 1042

Rhode Island 1020

Virginia 1018

Connecticut 1000

New Hampshire 996

Maryland 994

Idaho 992

Michigan 992

Arizona 971

Massachusetts 962

Vermont 959

Nebraska 945

Oklahoma 935

Tennessee 929

South Dakota 923

Missouri 917

Indiana 898

New York 888

Minnesota 875

Nevada 857

Ohio 854

New Mexico 841

Kentucky 837

North Dakota 828

Florida 824

Hawaii 810

Iowa 794

South Carolina 770

Arkansas 767

Louisiana 737

Maine 730

Mississippi 727

Texas 723

North Carolina 709

Alabama 676

Pennsylvania 642

Georgia 542

Wyoming 361

West Virginia 348

District of Columbia NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Connecticut 620

Hawaii 600

Washington 580

Nebraska 556

Michigan 537

Illinois 536

West Virginia 514

Rhode Island 500

New York 490

North Dakota 484

Maine 482

Georgia 468

Iowa 464

Louisiana 462

Vermont 459

South Carolina 458

Oklahoma 457

Colorado 455

Pennsylvania 455

Delaware 453

Montana 452

Minnesota 451

Mississippi 446

Ohio 445

New Jersey 431

Oregon 429

Maryland 425

Alabama 425

Florida 422

Kentucky 417

South Dakota 417

New Mexico 409

Texas 400

Wisconsin 400

Indiana 395

Arkansas 387

New Hampshire 375

Utah 370

Massachusetts 367

Missouri 367

Virginia 361

North Carolina 354

Nevada 347

Tennessee 330

California 328

Idaho 327

Arizona 286

Kansas 286

Wyoming 200

Alaska NA

District of Columbia NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 700

Georgia 607

California 571

Idaho 569

Tennessee 563

North Carolina 530

Nevada 529

Utah 506

Virginia 494

New Hampshire 472

Missouri 472

Kansas 458

Wyoming 444

Arkansas 442

Indiana 429

Colorado 427

Wisconsin 425

Texas 420

New Mexico 417

South Dakota 397

Alaska 394

Kentucky 392

Alabama 383

Florida 383

Maryland 376

New Jersey 366

Oklahoma 350

Ohio 348

Delaware 345

Mississippi 343

Louisiana 342

Minnesota 341

Montana 337

Pennsylvania 332

Vermont 330

South Carolina 323

Iowa 313

Massachusetts 306

Maine 306

North Dakota 305

New York 295

Rhode Island 288

West Virginia 275

Oregon 261

Michigan 243

Illinois 243

Hawaii 230

Washington 218

Nebraska 218

Connecticut 165

District of Columbia NA

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 205

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

New Hampshire $23010 $35540 545

Arizona 22760 32080 409

South Dakota 18890 26360 395

West Virginia 19120 26070 363

Maryland 24820 32050 291

Louisiana 18500 23210 255

Maine 22500 28020 245

Vermont 25900 31490 216

New York 24780 29750 201

Oregon 28490 34140 198

Delaware 26140 31150 192

Arkansas 19200 22840 190

North Carolina 26220 31160 188

Michigan 26010 30870 187

North Dakota 25240 29760 179

Nebraska 22570 26540 176

Wisconsin 24250 28110 159

Colorado 29680 34290 155

Ohio 24340 28080 154

Virginia 26620 30690 153

Missouri 24110 27620 146

Florida 24570 28030 141

Tennessee 24200 27600 140

South Carolina 24720 28050 135

Indiana 25140 28380 129

Pennsylvania 23280 25920 113

Connecticut 30640 33940 108

Mississippi 21290 23490 103

Nevada 31340 34450 99

Iowa 26290 28720 92

Minnesota 31430 34170 87

New Jersey 30820 33430 85

Alabama 20750 22230 71

Wyoming 22330 23870 69

Rhode Island 27710 29510 65

Kentucky 24320 25860 63

Oklahoma 23150 24530 60

Kansas 24140 25300 48

Illinois 27160 28460 48

Utah 23280 24300 44

Georgia 26270 27280 38

New Mexico 23060 23910 37

California 30630 31750 37

Montana 22450 23010 25

Massachusetts 33470 34290 24

Hawaii 28450 29030 20

Texas 27080 27550 17

Washington 32380 32670 09

Idaho 29220 29050 -06

Alaska 36370 34240 -59

District of Columbia 39910 36930 -75

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Nevada $34450 $34300

North Dakota 29760 30620

New Hampshire 35540 37450

South Dakota 26360 29080

Arizona 32080 34880

Oregon 34140 36980

North Carolina 31160 34120

Vermont 31490 34650

Iowa 28720 31990

Idaho 29050 32770

South Carolina 28050 31940

West Virginia 26070 30470

Tennessee 27600 32730

Mississippi 23490 28630

Maine 28020 33480

Indiana 28380 33820

Colorado 34290 39820

Minnesota 34170 39840

Florida 28030 33750

Kentucky 25860 32170

Nebraska 26540 33060

Oklahoma 24530 31150

Arkansas 22840 29560

Missouri 27620 34460

Montana 23010 29880

Wisconsin 28110 35240

Hawaii 29030 36750

Texas 27550 35310

Ohio 28080 35910

Delaware 31150 39050

Alaska 34240 42170

Louisiana 23210 31230

Washington 32670 40860

Virginia 30690 39130

Kansas 25300 33780

Georgia 27280 35840

Wyoming 23870 32510

Rhode Island 29510 38240

Michigan 30870 39590

New Mexico 23910 33000

Maryland 32050 41360

New Jersey 33430 43040

Alabama 22230 31940

Utah 24300 34110

Pennsylvania 25920 35970

Illinois 28460 38580

California 31750 41980

Connecticut 33940 44400

Massachusetts 34290 45290

New York 29750 43590

District of Columbia 36930 57980

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206 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Montana $12070 $34860 1888

Idaho 17600 44490 1528

Rhode Island 16270 40790 1507

Arizona 18100 43410 1398

Virginia 19270 45090 1340

Alabama 14310 33230 1322

Mississippi 14810 34120 1304

Louisiana 14680 33450 1279

New Mexico 15190 34190 1251

California 20100 43950 1187

North Carolina 20180 43470 1154

Texas 18190 38930 1140

Missouri 18490 39310 1126

North Dakota 20210 42240 1090

Pennsylvania 17100 35420 1071

Colorado 23040 47610 1066

Michigan 20830 42050 1019

Arkansas 15730 31680 1014

Washington 22270 44660 1005

Illinois 18800 37680 1004

Hawaii 17560 35160 1002

South Carolina 19610 39170 997

Delaware 21510 42830 991

Wyoming 16350 32240 972

Minnesota 22680 44370 956

New Jersey 23160 44860 937

West Virginia 18200 35180 933

Maryland 21810 42130 932

Georgia 18890 36260 920

Kentucky 18120 34500 904

Kansas 18290 34450 884

Florida 19700 36520 854

Utah 16930 31360 852

New York 21850 40450 851

Connecticut 23910 43790 831

New Hampshire 24600 45030 830

Indiana 19980 36400 822

South Dakota 19310 34720 798

Iowa 20950 37650 797

Oklahoma 18340 32810 789

Vermont 22630 40270 779

Tennessee 19690 34880 771

Massachusetts 25320 44240 747

Ohio 20320 35380 741

Wisconsin 20720 35160 697

Nebraska 20110 34100 696

Oregon 26180 43450 660

Maine 22400 35600 589

Alaska 27650 43270 565

Nevada 28160 43070 529

District of Columbia 29780 44360 490

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 207

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Nebraska 371

Maryland 300

Rhode Island 254

Oklahoma 224

North Dakota 175

Alabama 174

Arizona 163

Massachusetts 147

Illinois 141

Delaware 136

Colorado 129

Michigan 128

Maine 125

Ohio 118

Missouri 118

Louisiana 114

Iowa 109

Indiana 109

District of Columbia 108

Pennsylvania 107

Utah 99

Montana 99

Connecticut 98

North Carolina 97

New Mexico 92

South Carolina 85

Idaho 84

New York 79

New Hampshire 78

Florida 78

Minnesota 77

Wisconsin 75

Washington 74

Tennessee 71

California 69

Virginia 68

Texas 67

Kansas 59

Mississippi 58

Arkansas 51

Georgia 47

New Jersey 47

West Virginia 39

Kentucky 33

Nevada 23

Oregon 20

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

South Dakota NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 1000

New Jersey 1000

West Virginia 1000

Louisiana 600

South Carolina 600

Maryland 564

Washington 550

Massachusetts 545

Ohio 529

Connecticut 500

Delaware 500

Iowa 500

Kentucky 500

New York 500

Wisconsin 500

Illinois 469

Colorado 464

Georgia 450

Indiana 450

Missouri 450

Michigan 436

California 429

Virginia 429

Alabama 400

Arkansas 400

Nebraska 400

Kansas 375

Rhode Island 375

Pennsylvania 366

Oklahoma 350

Idaho 333

Maine 333

Minnesota 333

Montana 333

New Hampshire 333

North Dakota 333

Tennessee 333

Texas 333

Florida 320

Mississippi 286

North Carolina 250

Arizona 218

Utah 00

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

Nevada NA

New Mexico NA

Oregon NA

South Dakota NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 489

Idaho 434

Nevada 400

Utah 391

New Mexico 353

Kansas 313

Mississippi 299

North Carolina 284

Texas 276

Georgia 275

Florida 262

Colorado 259

New Jersey 250

Minnesota 245

Montana 244

Wisconsin 244

Maine 241

Arkansas 216

New Hampshire 210

Massachusetts 202

Pennsylvania 197

Tennessee 195

Alabama 192

Nebraska 183

Delaware 182

Oklahoma 179

Michigan 178

Washington 178

Connecticut 176

Rhode Island 176

Iowa 172

California 167

Indiana 164

Missouri 164

Virginia 162

Louisiana 157

North Dakota 153

Illinois 149

Oregon 143

New York 125

Kentucky 120

Ohio 119

South Carolina 114

Maryland 107

West Virginia 57

District of Columbia 16

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

South Dakota NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

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2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Utah $16710 $23880 429

Idaho 17440 24840 424

Massachusetts 22610 32100 420

Nevada 24670 34520 399

Alabama 17390 23790 368

Iowa 15970 21530 348

Texas 19000 24470 288

Illinois 18630 23990 288

Oklahoma 15870 20260 277

Virginia 17940 22340 245

Connecticut 26720 33220 243

Maryland 24040 29510 228

Washington 27520 33480 217

Michigan 22840 27050 184

Missouri 17690 20890 181

Mississippi 18550 21660 168

New Hampshire 23210 26890 159

Kentucky 21840 25220 155

Minnesota 27930 32250 155

Nebraska 18390 21160 151

California 26030 29820 146

Colorado 19940 22770 142

Vermont 22010 25110 141

Maine 23000 26190 139

Kansas 18980 21470 131

Louisiana 15180 17090 126

Rhode Island 21080 23590 119

Ohio 26660 29740 116

New Jersey 29590 32760 107

Wisconsin 22240 24200 88

Pennsylvania 23280 25140 80

Florida 22830 24210 60

Tennessee 20900 21480 28

Oregon 27200 27800 22

New York 30400 30630 08

North Carolina 21220 21220 00

Indiana 21800 21420 -17

New Mexico 20460 19830 -31

District of Columbia 24940 24100 -34

West Virginia 22600 21620 -43

Arizona 21670 19950 -79

South Carolina 21290 19250 -96

Arkansas 22500 18930 -159

Georgia 29970 22940 -235

Delaware 18380 NA NA

Hawaii NA 28950 NA

Montana NA 20730 NA

North Dakota NA 20590 NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Nevada $34520 $34300

Ohio 29740 35910

Kentucky 25220 32170

Mississippi 21660 28630

Maine 26190 33480

Washington 33480 40860

Minnesota 32250 39840

Hawaii 28950 36750

Idaho 24840 32770

Alabama 23790 31940

West Virginia 21620 30470

Montana 20730 29880

Oregon 27800 36980

Florida 24210 33750

Vermont 25110 34650

North Dakota 20590 30620

Utah 23880 34110

New Jersey 32760 43040

Iowa 21530 31990

New Hampshire 26890 37450

Arkansas 18930 29560

Pennsylvania 25140 35970

Texas 24470 35310

Oklahoma 20260 31150

Wisconsin 24200 35240

Connecticut 33220 44400

Tennessee 21480 32730

Maryland 29510 41360

Nebraska 21160 33060

California 29820 41980

Kansas 21470 33780

Indiana 21420 33820

Michigan 27050 39590

South Carolina 19250 31940

North Carolina 21220 34120

Georgia 22940 35840

New York 30630 43590

New Mexico 19830 33000

Massachusetts 32100 45290

Missouri 20890 34460

Louisiana 17090 31230

Illinois 23990 38580

Rhode Island 23590 38240

Arizona 19950 34880

Virginia 22340 39130

Colorado 22770 39820

District of Columbia 24100 57980

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10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Nevada $15400 $55590 2610

Massachusetts 17870 63330 2544

Illinois 13700 47070 2436

Idaho 13700 41370 2020

Florida 14030 39810 1837

Texas 13410 37080 1765

Alabama 13610 37490 1755

Oregon 15110 41030 1715

Georgia 12820 34540 1694

Pennsylvania 15470 39830 1575

Arizona 12190 31320 1569

West Virginia 12820 32830 1561

District of Columbia 13670 34720 1540

California 17450 43060 1468

Colorado 13800 33330 1415

Rhode Island 14970 34160 1282

New York 18610 42100 1262

Mississippi 14440 32650 1261

New Jersey 19330 43630 1257

Michigan 18830 42320 1247

Arkansas 12400 27800 1242

Kansas 14290 31900 1232

South Carolina 12740 28340 1224

Montana 12780 28280 1213

New Mexico 13210 29020 1197

North Carolina 13620 29720 1182

Virginia 15170 32960 1173

Louisiana 11900 25620 1153

Wisconsin 16110 34610 1148

Oklahoma 14010 30060 1146

Kentucky 18190 38630 1124

Missouri 14220 29510 1075

Indiana 14640 30110 1057

Ohio 19410 38380 977

Nebraska 14760 29120 973

Connecticut 22970 43690 902

Iowa 15700 28800 834

New Hampshire 19570 35690 824

Utah 17540 31530 798

Vermont 18770 33670 794

Minnesota 24060 42880 782

Tennessee 15800 28070 777

North Dakota 15690 27810 772

Hawaii 21980 38100 733

Maine 19850 34340 730

Washington 25730 42800 663

Maryland 23990 35760 491

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Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 4706

Arkansas 4696

North Dakota 4194

Louisiana 4056

Oklahoma 3953

West Virginia 3898

Tennessee 3821

Nebraska 3700

Alabama 3559

South Carolina 3541

Minnesota 3511

Missouri 3213

Ohio 3131

Mississippi 3121

Pennsylvania 2961

Kentucky 2921

Texas 2785

Delaware 2717

Massachusetts 2699

Florida 2696

Virginia 2629

Georgia 2616

Vermont 2581

Indiana 2535

Montana 2499

Kansas 2495

South Dakota 2460

New York 2453

Iowa 2339

Wisconsin 2320

Idaho 2196

Connecticut 2151

New Jersey 2145

Rhode Island 2097

North Carolina 2091

Hawaii 1985

Michigan 1798

Maine 1768

New Mexico 1752

Washington 1722

Illinois 1677

Arizona 1622

California 1512

Colorado 1429

Maryland 1409

Wyoming 1322

Utah 1254

Nevada 1134

Oregon 832

Alaska 811

New Hampshire NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 1000

South Carolina 949

Connecticut 781

North Dakota 773

Pennsylvania 727

Nebraska 697

Michigan 696

Delaware 686

West Virginia 671

Massachusetts 670

New York 658

Louisiana 637

Indiana 630

Rhode Island 628

Illinois 625

Kentucky 624

Missouri 622

Maine 602

Iowa 600

Oklahoma 596

Minnesota 590

Ohio 587

South Dakota 577

Arkansas 576

Vermont 574

Montana 568

Washington 553

Alaska 550

Alabama 538

Georgia 535

Oregon 533

Maryland 527

Tennessee 525

Wisconsin 519

New Mexico 514

Kansas 513

Hawaii 500

North Carolina 500

Texas 500

Wyoming 500

Mississippi 495

Virginia 495

New Jersey 488

California 477

Colorado 450

Florida 449

Idaho 388

Nevada 375

Utah 375

Arizona 357

New Hampshire NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 392

Nevada 369

Idaho 340

Utah 316

Florida 268

Colorado 263

Kansas 242

Oregon 239

California 238

Alabama 232

New Jersey 228

Virginia 223

Mississippi 223

North Carolina 221

Texas 218

New Mexico 209

Wisconsin 203

Maryland 196

Tennessee 196

Washington 191

Georgia 189

Alaska 173

Hawaii 171

Montana 168

Vermont 165

Arkansas 160

South Dakota 160

Ohio 153

Minnesota 152

Wyoming 152

Oklahoma 146

Maine 144

Iowa 144

Missouri 133

Kentucky 131

Rhode Island 131

Illinois 131

Indiana 129

Louisiana 126

Massachusetts 126

New York 112

West Virginia 106

Delaware 100

Nebraska 96

Michigan 95

Pennsylvania 82

North Dakota 63

Connecticut 62

South Carolina 14

District of Columbia 00

New Hampshire NA

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 211

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

District of Columbia $34410 $48370 406

New Jersey 35960 46010 279

New Mexico 29870 38030 273

South Carolina 27540 34960 269

Maryland 35960 44110 227

Colorado 30610 37410 222

Hawaii 31050 37730 215

Montana 24160 29300 213

Pennsylvania 30680 37040 207

Arkansas 24340 29370 207

Arizona 30500 36780 206

Washington 32270 38700 199

Delaware 34940 41720 194

Oklahoma 25130 29980 193

New York 31010 36970 192

Iowa 26490 31480 188

New Hampshire 31460 37400 189

Louisiana 25540 30360 189

Nebraska 26900 31860 184

Alabama 24210 28680 185

Virginia 29100 34430 183

Massachusetts 38090 44910 179

West Virginia 24220 28420 173

North Dakota 25770 30220 173

Kentucky 27500 32210 171

Wyoming 26810 31390 171

Florida 30110 35250 171

North Carolina 29650 34710 171

Georgia 26440 30920 169

Connecticut 41130 47860 164

Maine 28490 33140 163

Oregon 33330 38730 162

Vermont 28820 33410 159

South Dakota 24880 28720 154

Mississippi 23830 27500 154

California 36410 41920 151

Minnesota 30120 34660 151

Wisconsin 31520 36210 149

Illinois 30530 34980 146

Utah 28650 32710 142

Ohio 31640 36040 139

Missouri 27140 30910 139

Idaho 28130 32020 138

Michigan 32500 36920 136

Alaska 35500 40150 131

Nevada 34450 38820 127

Indiana 30730 34440 121

Tennessee 27660 30940 119

Texas 30740 34260 115

Rhode Island 38660 42730 105

Kansas 28810 31710 101

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

New Mexico $38030 $33000

Nevada 38820 34300

Rhode Island 42730 38240

Connecticut 47860 44400

South Carolina 34960 31940

New Jersey 46010 43040

Maryland 44110 41360

Delaware 41720 39050

Arizona 36780 34880

Oregon 38730 36980

Florida 35250 33750

Pennsylvania 37040 35970

Hawaii 37730 36750

Wisconsin 36210 35240

Indiana 34440 33820

North Carolina 34710 34120

Ohio 36040 35910

Kentucky 32210 32170

California 41920 41980

New Hampshire 37400 37450

Arkansas 29370 29560

Maine 33140 33480

South Dakota 28720 29080

Massachusetts 44910 45290

North Dakota 30220 30620

Iowa 31480 31990

Montana 29300 29880

Idaho 32020 32770

Louisiana 30360 31230

Texas 34260 35310

Wyoming 31390 32510

Mississippi 27500 28630

Oklahoma 29980 31150

Nebraska 31860 33060

Vermont 33410 34650

Utah 32710 34110

Tennessee 30940 32730

Alaska 40150 42170

West Virginia 28420 30470

Kansas 31710 33780

Washington 38700 40860

Colorado 37410 39820

Michigan 36920 39590

Alabama 28680 31940

Missouri 30910 34460

Illinois 34980 38580

Virginia 34430 39130

Georgia 30920 35840

Minnesota 34660 39840

New York 36970 43590

District of Columbia 48370 57980

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212 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Pennsylvania $25040 $52640 1102

New York 26410 50540 914

Illinois 24690 45600 847

Idaho 23050 41960 820

Texas 24690 44890 818

Utah 24200 43710 806

Kentucky 23990 43110 797

District of Columbia 36730 65930 795

Virginia 24930 44690 793

Missouri 23060 41310 791

Arizona 25590 45760 788

South Carolina 24410 43600 786

Georgia 23280 41360 777

Mississippi 20080 35670 776

Tennessee 23160 41140 776

Wyoming 23240 41080 768

Delaware 31220 54850 757

Indiana 25600 44930 755

New Jersey 34490 60530 755

Colorado 27500 48060 748

West Virginia 20710 36150 746

Arkansas 21810 38040 744

New Mexico 28420 49540 743

California 31530 54910 742

Maine 24600 42740 737

Florida 26040 45130 733

Maryland 33050 56690 715

Massachusetts 33520 57440 714

Nevada 27670 47030 700

Oklahoma 22710 38560 698

Rhode Island 32480 54950 692

Kansas 24390 41200 689

Nebraska 24440 41230 687

North Carolina 26210 44150 684

Alabama 21510 36190 682

Alaska 31020 51800 670

Louisiana 23240 38730 667

Iowa 24370 40110 646

Minnesota 26720 43820 640

Ohio 27640 45320 640

Vermont 26400 42310 603

Connecticut 37270 59720 602

Michigan 28650 45640 593

New Hampshire 29210 46460 591

Oregon 30170 47730 582

Wisconsin 28910 45440 572

North Dakota 24150 36970 531

Washington 30560 46640 526

South Dakota 23250 35410 523

Montana 23500 35670 518

Hawaii 30170 45490 508

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 213

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

South Dakota 998

North Dakota 790

Wisconsin 706

Minnesota 603

Iowa 598

Montana 572

West Virginia 563

Nebraska 561

Pennsylvania 534

Maine 524

Washington 501

Oregon 497

Idaho 482

Vermont 480

Kentucky 453

Michigan 447

Kansas 446

Missouri 437

Oklahoma 433

New Hampshire 413

New Mexico 404

Arkansas 399

Delaware 372

Tennessee 361

North Carolina 356

Virginia 354

Indiana 351

Louisiana 346

Ohio 346

Georgia 345

Alaska 343

New Jersey 326

Alabama 324

Rhode Island 315

Illinois 314

Florida 306

District of Columbia 301

Colorado 296

Connecticut 289

Mississippi 277

Massachusetts 268

Utah 267

Arizona 264

Wyoming 260

South Carolina 246

California 232

New York 227

Texas 205

Maryland 195

Nevada 161

Hawaii NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Wyoming 800

District of Columbia 750

South Carolina 725

Nebraska 692

Pennsylvania 612

North Dakota 600

Rhode Island 600

Michigan 585

Louisiana 580

West Virginia 576

Oregon 560

Illinois 549

Massachusetts 548

Vermont 545

Iowa 538

California 536

New York 533

Ohio 533

Maryland 526

Connecticut 525

Oklahoma 517

Alaska 500

Delaware 500

Montana 500

Kentucky 493

Washington 479

Indiana 475

North Carolina 462

Colorado 457

New Jersey 455

Texas 444

Mississippi 441

Maine 433

Minnesota 427

Kansas 421

Tennessee 421

New Hampshire 417

Wisconsin 412

Nevada 400

Missouri 391

South Dakota 389

Alabama 385

Arkansas 385

Virginia 375

Georgia 373

New Mexico 367

Florida 352

Idaho 333

Arizona 314

Utah 250

Hawaii NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 412

Utah 371

Idaho 370

Kansas 364

Nevada 343

Florida 342

Colorado 331

Georgia 315

Virginia 311

Arkansas 300

South Dakota 286

Missouri 270

Alabama 269

North Carolina 267

Wisconsin 266

Tennessee 263

New Hampshire 262

Maine 254

New Mexico 253

Oregon 251

Minnesota 247

Washington 240

Mississippi 240

Alaska 227

Texas 225

Massachusetts 221

New Jersey 214

Delaware 200

Montana 196

Iowa 194

Oklahoma 192

Indiana 190

Kentucky 186

Connecticut 180

Vermont 176

Maryland 175

Ohio 162

California 160

New York 159

Wyoming 154

Illinois 153

West Virginia 141

Michigan 131

Louisiana 129

North Dakota 126

Rhode Island 116

Pennsylvania 116

South Carolina 109

Nebraska 86

District of Columbia 59

Hawaii NA

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214 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Massachusetts $28400 $36850 298

Kansas 21240 27560 298

Colorado 26560 34440 297

Tennessee 22740 28310 245

Delaware 24830 30270 219

Nebraska 21200 25810 217

Louisiana 21340 25920 215

Idaho 23300 28030 203

Michigan 24970 29990 201

California 30670 36580 193

Iowa 22510 26780 190

Connecticut 29290 34780 187

Virginia 23900 28210 180

Wisconsin 25060 29410 174

Missouri 24160 28220 168

Maine 24950 29100 166

New York 27380 31860 164

Illinois 24310 28160 158

Kentucky 23400 26900 150

Arkansas 21740 24920 146

Rhode Island 27390 31160 138

West Virginia 20820 23680 137

North Dakota 21570 24500 136

Mississippi 21380 24180 131

New Jersey 30390 34370 131

Alaska 34090 38380 126

Georgia 24390 27300 119

Texas 25040 27940 116

District of Columbia 28910 32240 115

South Dakota 22580 25180 115

New Hampshire 27080 30180 114

Florida 24960 27780 113

Utah 24710 27350 107

Minnesota 27800 30560 99

Montana 23150 25400 97

Pennsylvania 24560 26860 94

Alabama 23290 25380 90

Vermont 25650 27890 87

Oregon 27510 29820 84

Washington 29950 32430 83

Arizona 27770 30050 82

Indiana 24920 26890 79

North Carolina 26300 28330 77

Ohio 25520 27410 74

Wyoming 22620 24210 70

South Carolina 26170 27850 64

New Mexico 24440 25890 59

Oklahoma 23370 23650 12

Maryland 33950 33960 00

Nevada 33400 32900 -15

Hawaii 33050 32050 -30

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Nevada $32900 $34300

Alaska 38380 42170

South Dakota 25180 29080

South Carolina 27850 31940

Maine 29100 33480

Tennessee 28310 32730

Mississippi 24180 28630

Montana 25400 29880

Arkansas 24920 29560

Hawaii 32050 36750

Idaho 28030 32770

Arizona 30050 34880

Iowa 26780 31990

Kentucky 26900 32170

Louisiana 25920 31230

Colorado 34440 39820

California 36580 41980

North Carolina 28330 34120

Wisconsin 29410 35240

Florida 27780 33750

North Dakota 24500 30620

Kansas 27560 33780

Missouri 28220 34460

Alabama 25380 31940

Utah 27350 34110

Vermont 27890 34650

West Virginia 23680 30470

Indiana 26890 33820

Rhode Island 31160 38240

New Mexico 25890 33000

Oregon 29820 36980

Nebraska 25810 33060

New Hampshire 30180 37450

Texas 27940 35310

Maryland 33960 41360

Oklahoma 23650 31150

Wyoming 24210 32510

Washington 32430 40860

Massachusetts 36850 45290

Ohio 27410 35910

Georgia 27300 35840

New Jersey 34370 43040

Delaware 30270 39050

Pennsylvania 26860 35970

Minnesota 30560 39840

Michigan 29990 39590

Connecticut 34780 44400

Illinois 28160 38580

Virginia 28210 39130

New York 31860 43590

District of Columbia 32240 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 215

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Oklahoma $14400 $33230 1308

Virginia 19060 42690 1240

Utah 16940 37850 1234

Colorado 24040 50010 1080

Maine 19940 41110 1062

South Carolina 17590 36120 1053

Texas 19220 38680 1012

Illinois 19520 38440 969

Tennessee 19810 38680 953

Massachusetts 25490 49680 949

Hawaii 22830 44030 929

California 24630 47280 920

New Jersey 23760 45410 911

Maryland 23650 44970 901

New York 22640 42980 898

Oregon 21050 39870 894

Missouri 19640 36990 883

Kansas 19640 36580 863

Florida 19320 35840 855

Georgia 19990 36360 819

Louisiana 18740 33990 814

District of Columbia 23910 43300 811

West Virginia 16900 30380 798

Kentucky 19300 34650 795

North Dakota 18290 32700 788

Washington 23830 42520 784

Montana 19000 33840 781

Mississippi 17880 31470 760

Iowa 19900 34780 748

New Mexico 19550 34080 743

Pennsylvania 20040 34820 738

Connecticut 25540 44190 730

New Hampshire 22730 39300 729

North Carolina 20940 36190 728

Nebraska 19550 33750 726

Indiana 20150 34420 708

South Dakota 19420 33000 699

Vermont 20490 34650 691

Michigan 22220 37530 689

Ohio 20780 34940 681

Arizona 22020 36760 669

Idaho 21630 35480 640

Wyoming 18270 29580 619

Rhode Island 24200 39100 616

Arkansas 18730 30170 611

Alabama 19620 31540 608

Delaware 24070 38250 589

Minnesota 23630 37540 589

Nevada 26060 41400 589

Wisconsin 23330 36090 547

Alaska 30960 45600 473

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216 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Pennsylvania 492

Ohio 159

North Dakota 140

Massachusetts 131

New Jersey 117

Wisconsin 112

Oklahoma 97

Connecticut 90

New Hampshire 81

New York 80

Nevada 78

Missouri 76

South Carolina 76

Minnesota 72

Maine 72

Washington 69

North Carolina 67

Indiana 67

Virginia 63

Utah 60

Alabama 58

Colorado 58

Florida 58

Louisiana 56

Arkansas 55

Texas 55

Illinois 54

New Mexico 54

Montana 54

Nebraska 53

Maryland 52

Michigan 50

Hawaii 49

Tennessee 45

Oregon 43

District of Columbia 43

Mississippi 41

Arizona 39

California 37

West Virginia 37

Kansas 37

Idaho 35

Georgia 32

Delaware 25

Alaska NA

Iowa NA

Kentucky NA

Rhode Island NA

South Dakota NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Oregon 600

South Carolina 600

Montana 500

New Jersey 500

Tennessee 500

West Virginia 500

Massachusetts 481

Colorado 476

Indiana 450

Oklahoma 450

Kansas 429

Connecticut 400

Pennsylvania 353

Alabama 333

Idaho 333

New York 333

North Carolina 333

Wisconsin 333

Illinois 310

Michigan 261

Maine 250

Minnesota 250

Mississippi 250

Nebraska 250

North Dakota 250

Ohio 240

California 222

Arizona 214

Maryland 214

Texas 214

New Hampshire 200

Arkansas 182

Virginia 182

Florida 160

Missouri 150

Louisiana 100

Nevada 100

Washington 100

Georgia 00

Utah 00

Alaska NA

Delaware NA

District of Columbia NA

Hawaii NA

Iowa NA

Kentucky NA

New Mexico NA

Rhode Island NA

South Dakota NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Virginia 599

Arkansas 593

Utah 571

Arizona 548

California 538

Nevada 529

Delaware 500

Mississippi 487

North Carolina 464

Texas 458

Florida 438

Idaho 426

Alabama 423

Colorado 423

Georgia 407

Ohio 403

Kansas 400

Louisiana 400

Missouri 395

New Hampshire 379

Wisconsin 377

Maryland 368

Michigan 340

Hawaii 333

Minnesota 326

Oklahoma 324

Massachusetts 321

Maine 301

New Mexico 300

Illinois 296

North Dakota 292

Pennsylvania 287

Nebraska 283

Tennessee 269

Indiana 268

New York 240

Montana 224

West Virginia 224

Washington 214

Oregon 200

Connecticut 194

South Carolina 129

District of Columbia 00

New Jersey 00

Alaska NA

Iowa NA

Kentucky NA

Rhode Island NA

South Dakota NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 217

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

North Carolina $27950 $40480 448

Nebraska 23580 33010 400

Utah 30210 39840 319

Michigan 29970 39480 317

Maryland 31590 40660 287

Maine 28540 36710 286

Washington 31740 38910 226

Texas 34660 42100 215

California 38300 45730 194

Pennsylvania 32250 38010 179

Rhode Island 33990 40010 177

New Hampshire 32310 37890 173

New Mexico 29680 34620 166

Nevada 28270 32880 163

Kentucky 35140 40480 152

Kansas 33020 37950 149

West Virginia 35400 40530 145

Hawaii 31780 36090 136

Colorado 31760 36030 134

Oregon 34290 38880 134

Alabama 34910 39240 124

Mississippi 32430 36330 120

Virginia 35580 39710 116

Florida 38650 43120 116

Arkansas 31420 34940 112

New York 33010 36660 111

Oklahoma 34050 37790 110

Connecticut 38290 42170 101

South Carolina 35610 38820 90

Vermont 30770 33340 84

Montana 28670 30840 76

District of Columbia 33630 35720 62

Massachusetts 35840 38070 62

Ohio 37210 39530 62

Indiana 36480 38720 61

Wisconsin 32700 34650 60

Iowa 31550 33210 53

New Jersey 37640 39560 51

Arizona 34350 35820 43

Minnesota 33400 33940 16

North Dakota 29080 28920 -06

Missouri 37190 35740 -39

Wyoming 29840 28500 -45

Louisiana 40500 37930 -63

Georgia 36000 33380 -73

Tennessee 47540 43700 -81

Illinois 35070 31800 -93

Delaware 41470 NA NA

Idaho NA 41380 NA

South Dakota NA 27520 NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Tennessee $43700 $32730

West Virginia 40530 30470

Florida 43120 33750

Idaho 41380 32770

Kentucky 40480 32170

Mississippi 36330 28630

Alabama 39240 31940

South Carolina 38820 31940

Texas 42100 35310

Louisiana 37930 31230

Oklahoma 37790 31150

North Carolina 40480 34120

Utah 39840 34110

Arkansas 34940 29560

Indiana 38720 33820

Kansas 37950 33780

California 45730 41980

Ohio 39530 35910

Maine 36710 33480

Pennsylvania 38010 35970

Oregon 38880 36980

Rhode Island 40010 38240

New Mexico 34620 33000

Missouri 35740 34460

Iowa 33210 31990

Montana 30840 29880

Arizona 35820 34880

Virginia 39710 39130

New Hampshire 37890 37450

Nebraska 33010 33060

Michigan 39480 39590

Wisconsin 34650 35240

Hawaii 36090 36750

Maryland 40660 41360

Vermont 33340 34650

Nevada 32880 34300

South Dakota 27520 29080

North Dakota 28920 30620

Washington 38910 40860

Connecticut 42170 44400

Georgia 33380 35840

New Jersey 39560 43040

Colorado 36030 39820

Wyoming 28500 32510

Minnesota 33940 39840

Illinois 31800 38580

New York 36660 43590

Massachusetts 38070 45290

District of Columbia 35720 57980

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218 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Arizona $15840 $54180 2420

New Mexico 19650 61770 2144

California 22330 67660 2030

Arkansas 17920 53790 2002

Oklahoma 19050 56710 1977

Illinois 15950 47280 1964

Georgia 17300 50150 1899

Montana 16560 41520 1507

Texas 24540 58210 1372

North Carolina 24320 55500 1282

Wyoming 18660 41980 1250

Idaho 27350 59390 1171

Nevada 21330 45470 1132

Indiana 24790 52830 1131

New York 24650 51460 1088

Missouri 23470 47480 1023

Louisiana 23890 48210 1018

Pennsylvania 26260 51660 967

Maryland 29020 56640 952

Iowa 22960 44670 946

Tennessee 30240 58830 945

Connecticut 28100 54450 938

Virginia 28780 54970 910

Mississippi 24270 46080 899

Nebraska 23390 43990 881

Michigan 28880 53830 864

New Jersey 28670 52700 838

Massachusetts 27410 50230 833

Kentucky 29970 53770 794

Kansas 27880 49960 792

District of Columbia 26750 47890 790

West Virginia 30420 54060 777

New Hampshire 27760 48680 754

Ohio 30010 51870 728

Minnesota 25380 43500 714

Maine 28150 48040 707

Alabama 30280 51630 705

Florida 32660 54990 684

South Dakota 20640 34740 683

Utah 30490 50930 670

Colorado 26870 44620 661

Vermont 26150 42700 633

South Carolina 29210 47270 618

Wisconsin 27210 43730 607

North Dakota 23300 35570 527

Washington 30720 46420 511

Rhode Island 32030 47950 497

Hawaii 29780 43500 461

Oregon 31460 45510 447

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Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Illinois 342

Delaware 323

Wisconsin 316

Massachusetts 293

South Carolina 278

Connecticut 278

Tennessee 264

Ohio 262

Kentucky 254

Arizona 243

California 234

New Jersey 233

Nebraska 233

Pennsylvania 224

Iowa 223

South Dakota 218

Washington 218

Indiana 211

Kansas 210

Oklahoma 209

Louisiana 203

West Virginia 202

Texas 200

New Mexico 199

Michigan 182

Georgia 182

New York 177

New Hampshire 173

Hawaii 162

Alabama 154

Colorado 153

Florida 153

Arkansas 150

North Dakota 150

Maryland 147

District of Columbia 147

Virginia 145

Missouri 144

Utah 142

Mississippi 137

Minnesota 133

Nevada 129

Vermont 125

Wyoming 120

North Carolina 113

Idaho 109

Montana 80

Alaska 78

Maine 63

Rhode Island 25

Oregon NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 1000

West Virginia 875

Massachusetts 704

Louisiana 700

Indiana 675

Arkansas 667

Maine 667

Missouri 667

New York 667

Illinois 635

Connecticut 633

Rhode Island 625

Michigan 618

Alabama 600

Maryland 600

Pennsylvania 588

Virginia 588

Kansas 577

Ohio 573

Tennessee 545

South Carolina 525

Minnesota 522

Washington 520

Florida 511

Georgia 500

Idaho 500

Iowa 500

Montana 500

Nebraska 500

New Jersey 500

North Carolina 500

North Dakota 500

Oklahoma 500

South Dakota 500

Texas 500

Utah 500

Wisconsin 500

Kentucky 475

Mississippi 467

California 455

Colorado 455

New Hampshire 444

Delaware 385

Nevada 350

Arizona 348

Vermont 333

Hawaii 00

Alaska NA

New Mexico NA

Oregon NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Nevada 464

Colorado 420

Alaska 400

Arizona 336

Utah 333

Delaware 308

New Hampshire 244

Vermont 234

Idaho 226

California 220

Mississippi 214

North Carolina 213

Kentucky 206

New Jersey 200

Kansas 193

North Dakota 189

Washington 189

New Mexico 189

Texas 184

Nebraska 174

Alabama 174

Florida 173

Tennessee 170

South Carolina 167

Wisconsin 163

Georgia 161

South Dakota 157

Minnesota 155

Iowa 153

Montana 151

Ohio 137

Oklahoma 137

Virginia 132

Maryland 131

Pennsylvania 127

Missouri 122

Michigan 120

Arkansas 118

Connecticut 115

Rhode Island 111

Louisiana 110

Illinois 107

Massachusetts 106

Hawaii 100

Indiana 100

Maine 98

New York 86

West Virginia 41

Wyoming 00

District of Columbia 00

Oregon NA

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220 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Texas $16070 $21980 368

Idaho 17800 24320 366

Wyoming 17630 23200 316

Vermont 15210 19750 298

Illinois 19400 24300 253

District of Columbia 22660 28250 247

New Mexico 19550 23990 227

Arizona 19270 23430 216

Colorado 21260 25560 202

Utah 19110 22640 185

South Dakota 16350 19210 175

Missouri 18370 21470 169

Michigan 17080 19590 147

Connecticut 18520 21110 140

New Hampshire 16300 18530 137

Indiana 16610 18790 131

New Jersey 16820 18990 129

Montana 18680 20980 123

Maryland 17530 19600 118

Pennsylvania 15230 16970 114

Rhode Island 18220 20180 108

Kentucky 16650 18430 107

Georgia 16100 17800 106

Minnesota 19110 21130 106

Ohio 17080 18840 103

Maine 16440 18000 95

Louisiana 16070 17580 94

Arkansas 15560 16970 91

New York 19380 20870 77

Wisconsin 19540 20940 72

Nebraska 19290 20650 71

Nevada 22660 24120 64

Mississippi 16630 17690 64

Tennessee 18380 19530 63

Kansas 17150 18140 58

Oklahoma 16070 16770 44

Massachusetts 19500 20180 35

Alabama 14970 15400 29

Washington 21590 21990 19

Hawaii 19450 19700 13

Delaware 19050 19120 04

West Virginia 15100 14940 -11

Iowa 18280 18050 -13

Virginia 18370 17860 -28

California 23940 23050 -37

Florida 18600 17550 -56

North Dakota 18380 16730 -90

North Carolina 19550 17480 -106

South Carolina 17900 15740 -121

Alaska 23480 NA NA

Oregon 23820 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Idaho $24320 $32770

Montana 20980 29880

New Mexico 23990 33000

Wyoming 23200 32510

South Dakota 19210 29080

Nevada 24120 34300

Mississippi 17690 28630

Arizona 23430 34880

Utah 22640 34110

Nebraska 20650 33060

Arkansas 16970 29560

Missouri 21470 34460

Tennessee 19530 32730

Texas 21980 35310

Louisiana 17580 31230

Kentucky 18430 32170

North Dakota 16730 30620

Iowa 18050 31990

Colorado 25560 39820

Illinois 24300 38580

Wisconsin 20940 35240

Oklahoma 16770 31150

Vermont 19750 34650

Indiana 18790 33820

Maine 18000 33480

West Virginia 14940 30470

Kansas 18140 33780

South Carolina 15740 31940

Florida 17550 33750

Alabama 15400 31940

North Carolina 17480 34120

Hawaii 19700 36750

Ohio 18840 35910

Georgia 17800 35840

Rhode Island 20180 38240

Minnesota 21130 39840

Washington 21990 40860

California 23050 41980

New Hampshire 18530 37450

Pennsylvania 16970 35970

Delaware 19120 39050

Michigan 19590 39590

Virginia 17860 39130

Maryland 19600 41360

New York 20870 43590

Connecticut 21110 44400

New Jersey 18990 43040

Massachusetts 20180 45290

District of Columbia 28250 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 221

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

District of Columbia $13710 $46780 2412

New Mexico 13350 40290 2018

New York 12650 33250 1628

Missouri 12930 33560 1596

Iowa 11860 28020 1363

Maryland 13420 31160 1322

New Jersey 12280 28210 1297

Wisconsin 13350 29390 1201

Texas 14430 31680 1195

Pennsylvania 11870 25750 1169

Illinois 15440 33490 1169

Wyoming 15450 32840 1126

Utah 15660 33140 1116

Michigan 14030 28440 1027

Arizona 15380 30940 1012

Delaware 13800 27620 1001

Florida 12400 24580 982

Rhode Island 14980 29630 978

Tennessee 14050 27660 969

Ohio 13260 26060 965

California 16420 31940 945

Hawaii 13990 26960 927

Oklahoma 12070 23140 917

Connecticut 15680 29330 871

West Virginia 11440 21390 870

Alabama 11570 21460 855

Massachusetts 14970 27600 844

Colorado 18600 34190 838

Nevada 18150 33240 831

Nebraska 15050 27380 819

North Carolina 12720 23110 817

Montana 15510 27940 801

Minnesota 15450 27790 799

Idaho 18370 32940 793

Mississippi 13300 23660 779

Maine 14160 24840 754

South Carolina 12000 20930 744

Kansas 14370 24610 713

Arkansas 13410 22260 660

Washington 16890 27980 657

Indiana 14700 23820 620

Georgia 14280 22880 602

Vermont 15610 24950 598

Virginia 14200 22450 581

Kentucky 14550 22960 578

New Hampshire 14820 23070 557

Louisiana 14190 21990 550

North Dakota 14220 21000 477

South Dakota 15580 22700 457

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222 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

North Dakota 303

Arizona 274

Rhode Island 222

Kansas 199

Oklahoma 198

West Virginia 191

Nevada 189

Connecticut 173

New Mexico 172

New Jersey 163

South Dakota 163

Washington 162

Nebraska 155

Maryland 153

Iowa 152

Wisconsin 151

Idaho 150

Delaware 149

Hawaii 146

Texas 143

Arkansas 142

Kentucky 140

Pennsylvania 138

Indiana 135

New York 135

Virginia 126

Louisiana 123

California 120

Colorado 116

Massachusetts 115

Missouri 114

Michigan 109

Illinois 108

Maine 104

Alabama 98

Montana 97

Mississippi 97

Tennessee 95

Ohio 95

Oregon 94

North Carolina 89

Florida 89

Georgia 88

Minnesota 85

New Hampshire 76

District of Columbia 62

Alaska 55

Utah 30

South Carolina NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 1000

Rhode Island 800

Oregon 550

Washington 500

Colorado 458

Nebraska 455

Massachusetts 440

New Hampshire 400

Pennsylvania 380

Indiana 375

North Dakota 375

Illinois 371

Connecticut 367

Michigan 353

Minnesota 350

Kansas 348

Georgia 340

Missouri 333

Montana 333

Tennessee 333

Ohio 316

West Virginia 316

Louisiana 300

Maine 286

New York 286

South Dakota 286

Maryland 280

Kentucky 278

Mississippi 278

Nevada 267

Oklahoma 267

Alabama 250

Delaware 250

Iowa 250

Texas 244

Arkansas 222

Florida 222

New Jersey 222

Virginia 217

California 212

Arizona 207

New Mexico 200

North Carolina 200

Wisconsin 200

Idaho 176

Utah 00

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

South Carolina NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Idaho 668

Arizona 647

California 619

Virginia 590

Utah 571

Kansas 556

Nevada 537

Arkansas 522

Colorado 500

Delaware 500

New Jersey 500

New Mexico 500

Texas 500

Alaska 486

Florida 473

Mississippi 473

Wisconsin 463

Kentucky 449

North Carolina 446

Hawaii 444

Georgia 440

Maryland 428

Montana 420

Tennessee 418

Maine 400

South Dakota 387

New York 384

Louisiana 382

Massachusetts 378

West Virginia 377

Alabama 364

Ohio 361

Iowa 337

New Hampshire 330

Oklahoma 319

Connecticut 317

Missouri 308

Michigan 303

Indiana 301

Minnesota 296

Pennsylvania 288

Illinois 287

North Dakota 271

Oregon 242

Nebraska 231

Washington 204

District of Columbia 57

Rhode Island 51

South Carolina NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 223

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Delaware $19290 $28020 453

Montana 17050 23710 391

Texas 18550 25800 391

Virginia 17810 22100 241

Illinois 21240 26020 225

Nevada 18900 22930 213

Minnesota 21760 26030 196

Colorado 20640 24420 183

West Virginia 17770 20760 168

Wisconsin 20180 23560 167

California 22500 26280 168

Arkansas 16140 18530 148

Nebraska 16900 19340 144

Oklahoma 17470 19950 142

Idaho 16800 19160 140

Wyoming 17070 19420 138

Maine 20210 22990 138

New Hampshire 22560 25520 131

Oregon 20220 22780 127

Vermont 21170 23700 120

Georgia 18050 20200 119

New Jersey 20460 22810 115

Washington 20860 23170 111

Michigan 22860 25310 107

Alabama 17210 18980 103

Louisiana 16300 17910 99

Kentucky 19620 21530 97

Arizona 19320 21080 91

Iowa 20070 21820 87

South Dakota 17910 19450 86

Connecticut 24230 26260 84

North Dakota 19350 20850 78

Utah 17860 19170 73

Pennsylvania 21090 22580 71

New York 23820 25470 69

Kansas 19290 20580 67

North Carolina 21150 22380 58

Maryland 20610 21460 41

Tennessee 19040 19750 37

Massachusetts 25510 26000 19

Mississippi 19120 19430 16

Missouri 20990 21100 05

New Mexico 21650 21740 04

Ohio 22720 22750 01

Florida 21280 20880 -19

Hawaii 25550 25070 -19

Indiana 24630 22150 -101

South Carolina 27140 20100 -259

Rhode Island 32620 21430 -343

Alaska 25310 NA NA

District of Columbia 22240 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Montana $23710 $29880

Mississippi 19430 28630

Texas 25800 35310

South Dakota 19450 29080

West Virginia 20760 30470

North Dakota 20850 30620

Iowa 21820 31990

Maine 22990 33480

Kentucky 21530 32170

Vermont 23700 34650

Delaware 28020 39050

Arkansas 18530 29560

Oklahoma 19950 31150

New Mexico 21740 33000

Nevada 22930 34300

Indiana 22150 33820

Wisconsin 23560 35240

Hawaii 25070 36750

North Carolina 22380 34120

South Carolina 20100 31940

New Hampshire 25520 37450

Illinois 26020 38580

Florida 20880 33750

Alabama 18980 31940

Tennessee 19750 32730

Wyoming 19420 32510

Ohio 22750 35910

Kansas 20580 33780

Louisiana 17910 31230

Missouri 21100 34460

Pennsylvania 22580 35970

Idaho 19160 32770

Nebraska 19340 33060

Minnesota 26030 39840

Arizona 21080 34880

Oregon 22780 36980

Michigan 25310 39590

Utah 19170 34110

Colorado 24420 39820

Georgia 20200 35840

California 26280 41980

Rhode Island 21430 38240

Virginia 22100 39130

Washington 23170 40860

Connecticut 26260 44400

New York 25470 43590

Massachusetts 26000 45290

Maryland 21460 41360

New Jersey 22810 43040

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224 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Texas $14530 $57490 2957

Illinois 15730 39350 1502

California 17030 41810 1455

Delaware 18890 41990 1223

Colorado 15300 33920 1217

Montana 15600 33410 1142

New Hampshire 16150 34540 1139

Arizona 13680 28350 1072

Mississippi 14420 29470 1044

Idaho 12990 26480 1038

Georgia 13650 27630 1024

Hawaii 17400 34670 993

Oklahoma 14730 29260 986

Kentucky 14250 28140 975

West Virginia 14780 29090 968

Nevada 16450 32150 954

New York 17770 34610 948

Maryland 15290 29690 942

Massachusetts 18790 36080 920

Missouri 15140 28980 914

Pennsylvania 15870 30160 900

Minnesota 18740 35490 894

Ohio 16090 29720 847

Wyoming 14290 26390 847

Michigan 18460 34010 842

Nebraska 14060 25840 838

New Mexico 15950 28930 814

Alabama 14380 26050 812

North Carolina 15780 28580 811

Maine 17850 32250 807

Connecticut 19240 34540 795

Louisiana 13340 23890 791

Rhode Island 15420 27590 789

New Jersey 16670 29820 789

Indiana 15910 28440 788

Florida 15380 27310 776

Kansas 15220 26860 765

Vermont 17450 30720 760

South Carolina 15190 26560 749

Washington 17090 29640 734

Virginia 16410 28380 729

Tennessee 14660 24970 703

Iowa 16390 27800 696

North Dakota 15870 26680 681

South Dakota 14940 25010 674

Wisconsin 17640 29170 654

Oregon 17540 28480 624

Utah 15120 24470 618

Arkansas 14420 22600 567

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 225

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 640

Idaho 635

Arkansas 610

Wyoming 600

Utah 583

Virginia 561

Nevada 544

California 538

New Mexico 526

Kansas 519

Maine 514

Mississippi 503

Colorado 500

Montana 485

Texas 485

North Carolina 477

Georgia 464

Florida 463

New Hampshire 453

Tennessee 435

Wisconsin 427

Maryland 419

West Virginia 406

Alaska 400

Louisiana 400

New Jersey 400

Kentucky 397

South Dakota 390

Delaware 389

Ohio 381

Vermont 381

Missouri 377

Hawaii 375

Minnesota 374

Iowa 371

Massachusetts 366

Alabama 360

Rhode Island 355

New York 346

Michigan 333

Illinois 333

Indiana 315

Nebraska 306

North Dakota 306

Pennsylvania 289

Oklahoma 275

Oregon 265

Connecticut 255

Washington 217

South Carolina 214

District of Columbia 143

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Tennessee 318

Ohio 313

South Dakota 263

Massachusetts 256

Arizona 252

South Carolina 251

West Virginia 244

Maine 244

Wisconsin 241

New Hampshire 241

Oklahoma 229

Missouri 229

Delaware 223

Kentucky 213

Iowa 211

Rhode Island 203

Alabama 199

Michigan 194

Pennsylvania 194

Illinois 193

Florida 193

Kansas 192

New York 184

Arkansas 184

North Carolina 182

Indiana 180

Washington 175

Virginia 169

Minnesota 168

Connecticut 159

Mississippi 157

Texas 152

Nevada 152

Colorado 151

Nebraska 148

Montana 147

Georgia 146

Oregon 139

Hawaii 130

Idaho 124

District of Columbia 124

Louisiana 123

New Jersey 117

North Dakota 114

California 111

Utah 103

New Mexico 102

Vermont 102

Wyoming 100

Maryland 96

Alaska 78

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Oregon 567

District of Columbia 500

Colorado 460

Oklahoma 450

South Carolina 450

Massachusetts 444

Washington 425

Pennsylvania 367

Kansas 357

Michigan 337

Illinois 336

Alabama 333

Nebraska 333

New Jersey 333

New York 333

North Dakota 333

Vermont 333

Ohio 306

Minnesota 304

Connecticut 300

Indiana 300

Kentucky 300

Missouri 300

North Carolina 300

Iowa 286

West Virginia 280

Georgia 275

Delaware 273

Rhode Island 273

South Dakota 273

Tennessee 273

Louisiana 267

New Hampshire 263

Nevada 261

Maryland 258

Mississippi 258

Texas 256

Florida 255

California 250

Wisconsin 250

Maine 238

Virginia 236

Idaho 231

Montana 222

Arizona 209

Arkansas 205

Utah 00

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

New Mexico NA

Wyoming NA

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226 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Louisiana $24770 $39540 596

Nebraska 26150 36640 401

Maryland 29800 41560 395

Idaho 27170 37190 369

Nevada 34190 42870 254

Kentucky 30330 37960 252

Vermont 28150 34910 240

Oklahoma 31650 39050 234

Iowa 26850 32860 224

West Virginia 27580 33300 207

Delaware 31880 38360 203

Indiana 33940 40490 193

Kansas 30670 36530 191

Illinois 32060 38150 190

Washington 32710 38580 179

Tennessee 33130 38770 170

Utah 29860 34920 169

Arizona 28400 32690 151

New Jersey 34950 40200 150

Massachusetts 35220 40490 150

Wisconsin 31850 36330 141

Arkansas 32590 37170 141

New Hampshire 34390 38910 131

Colorado 29930 33860 131

Pennsylvania 30340 34280 130

Rhode Island 34670 39030 126

South Dakota 23810 26760 124

Maine 33290 37220 118

Oregon 34920 38890 114

District of Columbia 32960 36690 113

Alaska 30770 33950 103

Alabama 35870 39300 96

Wyoming 30320 33010 89

Connecticut 33640 36520 86

Michigan 32120 34780 83

Texas 38300 41390 81

Mississippi 30410 32820 79

Florida 37410 39940 68

Virginia 36550 38910 65

North Carolina 37140 39480 63

California 40860 42960 51

Montana 29400 30810 48

North Dakota 24940 26090 46

New York 35800 37160 38

South Carolina 37330 38530 32

Ohio 37450 38290 22

Missouri 35000 35600 17

New Mexico 31540 32060 16

Minnesota 33620 33570 -01

Hawaii 33370 33030 -10

Georgia 38780 37740 -27

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Nevada $42870 $34300

Louisiana 39540 31230

Oklahoma 39050 31150

Arkansas 37170 29560

Alabama 39300 31940

Indiana 40490 33820

South Carolina 38530 31940

Florida 39940 33750

Texas 41390 35310

Tennessee 38770 32730

Kentucky 37960 32170

North Carolina 39480 34120

Idaho 37190 32770

Mississippi 32820 28630

Maine 37220 33480

Nebraska 36640 33060

West Virginia 33300 30470

Kansas 36530 33780

Ohio 38290 35910

Georgia 37740 35840

Oregon 38890 36980

New Hampshire 38910 37450

Missouri 35600 34460

Wisconsin 36330 35240

California 42960 41980

Montana 30810 29880

Iowa 32860 31990

Utah 34920 34110

Rhode Island 39030 38240

Wyoming 33010 32510

Vermont 34910 34650

Maryland 41560 41360

Virginia 38910 39130

Illinois 38150 38580

Delaware 38360 39050

New Mexico 32060 33000

Pennsylvania 34280 35970

Arizona 32690 34880

Washington 38580 40860

South Dakota 26760 29080

New Jersey 40200 43040

Hawaii 33030 36750

North Dakota 26090 30620

Massachusetts 40490 45290

Michigan 34780 39590

Colorado 33860 39820

Minnesota 33570 39840

New York 37160 43590

Connecticut 36520 44400

Alaska 33950 42170

District of Columbia 36690 57980

Ap

pend

ix B

Ta

ble

s |

Oth

er F

rontlin

e O

ccup

atio

nal R

ole

s | P

hysic

al T

hera

pist A

ssistants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 227

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Mississippi $16630 $51450 2094

Louisiana 19800 55770 1817

Idaho 19550 54270 1776

California 21760 60020 1758

New Mexico 16950 45330 1674

West Virginia 17290 46080 1665

Texas 22580 57590 1550

Maryland 23050 57450 1492

Oklahoma 24020 59040 1458

Wyoming 18510 44120 1384

Virginia 22700 53530 1358

Connecticut 21780 51200 1351

Arizona 19460 45250 1325

Delaware 23130 53740 1323

Georgia 22790 52790 1316

North Dakota 15580 35650 1288

New York 23570 53390 1265

Illinois 24630 54250 1203

Nebraska 22770 50080 1199

Nevada 26080 56250 1157

Arkansas 24520 51590 1104

Kentucky 24910 51860 1082

Iowa 21240 44140 1078

Montana 19990 41340 1068

Florida 26170 53600 1048

South Carolina 25750 51980 1019

Michigan 22210 44510 1004

Missouri 23460 46690 990

Tennessee 26510 52730 989

New Jersey 26970 53390 980

Pennsylvania 23090 44850 942

Hawaii 22900 43610 904

Alabama 28970 52030 796

Alaska 24640 43880 781

Colorado 24510 43620 780

North Carolina 29210 51780 773

Minnesota 24640 43400 761

Kansas 26210 46130 760

Massachusetts 30240 53160 758

Utah 25250 44260 753

Indiana 30280 52440 732

Ohio 29280 50000 708

South Dakota 20720 34130 647

Washington 29710 48650 637

Wisconsin 27220 44550 637

District of Columbia 28800 46660 620

Vermont 27400 43480 587

New Hampshire 29840 47300 585

Oregon 29420 45500 547

Maine 29360 45360 545

Rhode Island 30150 45930 523

Ap

pend

ix B

Ta

ble

s |

Oth

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hysic

al T

hera

pist A

ssistants

228 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

North Dakota 295

Connecticut 254

District of Columbia 253

Massachusetts 184

Nebraska 167

Minnesota 161

Mississippi 149

Kansas 147

Pennsylvania 147

Iowa 143

Maine 143

New York 138

Delaware 136

New Hampshire 135

Wisconsin 134

Montana 128

Utah 125

Illinois 120

Missouri 120

Louisiana 118

Oklahoma 109

Ohio 109

Vermont 104

Indiana 97

New Jersey 93

South Dakota 82

Maryland 79

West Virginia 78

Georgia 77

New Mexico 75

Idaho 75

Michigan 75

Arizona 72

Colorado 69

North Carolina 63

Arkansas 50

Kentucky 48

Oregon 48

Virginia 46

Alaska 44

Washington 43

Florida 41

Alabama 40

Tennessee 40

Texas 35

California 31

Hawaii NA

Nevada NA

Rhode Island NA

South Carolina NA

Wyoming NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Louisiana 1000

District of Columbia 1000

Michigan 1000

New Jersey 1000

North Dakota 1000

South Dakota 1000

Tennessee 1000

Massachusetts 968

Minnesota 950

Missouri 950

Ohio 938

Indiana 900

Virginia 889

Connecticut 867

New York 857

Georgia 850

Pennsylvania 833

Oklahoma 800

Maryland 786

Illinois 783

Nebraska 778

Kansas 769

California 750

Delaware 750

Texas 750

West Virginia 750

Kentucky 714

Oregon 700

Maine 667

Mississippi 667

New Hampshire 667

Vermont 667

Wisconsin 667

Florida 650

Arkansas 600

Montana 600

Washington 600

Alabama 500

North Carolina 500

Utah 500

Colorado 438

Arizona 409

Idaho 400

Iowa 00

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

Nevada NA

New Mexico NA

Rhode Island NA

South Carolina NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 312

Colorado 290

Utah 276

Idaho 218

New Mexico 214

Oregon 176

Alabama 167

Montana 162

Washington 154

Alaska 143

Arkansas 125

New Hampshire 116

Mississippi 110

Florida 101

North Carolina 96

Wisconsin 96

Maine 92

California 91

Oklahoma 79

Vermont 78

Kentucky 76

Kansas 75

Maryland 70

Illinois 67

Texas 67

South Dakota 65

Nebraska 56

Pennsylvania 50

Iowa 48

Connecticut 45

Georgia 45

Tennessee 43

New York 38

Indiana 33

Virginia 21

Ohio 16

Missouri 15

West Virginia 14

Massachusetts 08

Minnesota 05

Delaware 00

New Jersey 00

District of Columbia 00

Michigan 00

North Dakota 00

Louisiana 00

Hawaii NA

Nevada NA

Rhode Island NA

South Carolina NA

Wyoming NA

Ap

pend

ix B

Ta

ble

s |

Oth

er F

rontlin

e O

ccup

atio

nal R

ole

s | R

ecre

atio

nal T

hera

pists

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 229

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Wyoming $23000 $38410 670

New Hampshire 25630 37190 451

Vermont 31300 44910 435

Illinois 24070 32350 344

Colorado 25450 34160 342

Iowa 24020 31910 328

Louisiana 24540 32580 328

Texas 25040 32730 307

Maine 24510 31960 304

Kentucky 24940 31990 283

Arkansas 23400 29880 277

Montana 21900 27940 276

Indiana 23960 30330 266

California 34390 41850 217

Pennsylvania 28040 33900 209

Missouri 27050 32520 202

Florida 29750 35590 196

Wisconsin 26790 31920 191

Connecticut 34640 41210 190

Idaho 29940 35630 190

Minnesota 32640 38790 188

Hawaii 35750 42430 187

South Dakota 29370 34770 184

Nebraska 23000 27230 184

Maryland 31530 37280 182

New Jersey 32730 38580 179

Tennessee 27090 31810 174

Nevada 27610 32140 164

Ohio 30110 34820 156

Virginia 28040 32030 142

Michigan 31780 36110 136

Washington 38630 43820 134

New York 36660 41320 127

Delaware 29630 33260 123

Massachusetts 28920 32230 114

North Carolina 28850 31900 106

Utah 27250 30080 104

West Virginia 24460 26580 87

Alabama 27820 30240 87

Georgia 30310 32580 75

Arizona 28580 30260 59

Mississippi 25800 27230 55

Oregon 33070 34710 50

Kansas 28200 29380 42

Oklahoma 30080 30530 15

North Dakota 28210 28370 06

South Carolina 27570 26010 -57

Rhode Island 35540 33140 -68

New Mexico 32990 28540 -135

Alaska 36740 NA NA

District of Columbia NA 41830 NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Vermont $44910 $34650

Wyoming 38410 32510

South Dakota 34770 29080

Hawaii 42430 36750

Washington 43820 40860

Idaho 35630 32770

Florida 35590 33750

Louisiana 32580 31230

Arkansas 29880 29560

Iowa 31910 31990

California 41850 41980

Kentucky 31990 32170

New Hampshire 37190 37450

Oklahoma 30530 31150

Tennessee 31810 32730

Minnesota 38790 39840

Ohio 34820 35910

Mississippi 27230 28630

Maine 31960 33480

Alabama 30240 31940

Missouri 32520 34460

Montana 27940 29880

Pennsylvania 33900 35970

Nevada 32140 34300

North Carolina 31900 34120

North Dakota 28370 30620

New York 41320 43590

Oregon 34710 36980

Texas 32730 35310

Connecticut 41210 44400

Georgia 32580 35840

Wisconsin 31920 35240

Michigan 36110 39590

Indiana 30330 33820

West Virginia 26580 30470

Utah 30080 34110

Maryland 37280 41360

Kansas 29380 33780

New Jersey 38580 43040

New Mexico 28540 33000

Arizona 30260 34880

Rhode Island 33140 38240

Colorado 34160 39820

Delaware 33260 39050

Nebraska 27230 33060

South Carolina 26010 31940

Illinois 32350 38580

Virginia 32030 39130

Massachusetts 32230 45290

District of Columbia 41830 57980

Ap

pend

ix B

Ta

ble

s |

Oth

er F

rontlin

e O

ccup

atio

nal R

ole

s | R

ecre

atio

nal T

hera

pists

230 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Illinois $16200 $52670 2251

Montana 13510 43180 2196

Oklahoma 17070 49590 1905

Pennsylvania 19580 53350 1725

Texas 19350 52410 1709

Kansas 16530 44450 1689

New Mexico 16520 43520 1634

Iowa 19630 51640 1631

New Jersey 21190 55570 1622

Virginia 19120 49990 1615

California 22640 58820 1598

Arizona 16910 43760 1588

Colorado 20050 51370 1562

Oregon 20860 53000 1541

West Virginia 16040 40070 1498

Connecticut 26740 66300 1479

Michigan 21050 52090 1475

Rhode Island 20660 50960 1467

Idaho 20530 50500 1460

Maryland 22280 53780 1414

Nebraska 16330 39130 1396

District of Columbia 25240 60250 1387

North Dakota 16990 40460 1381

Wisconsin 19760 46880 1372

Indiana 19400 45900 1366

Massachusetts 20330 47370 1330

Florida 21620 50370 1330

Louisiana 20200 47050 1329

Arkansas 19300 44570 1309

Alabama 19300 43710 1265

Tennessee 20190 45670 1262

Utah 19090 42280 1215

South Carolina 17000 37600 1212

Missouri 20330 44060 1167

Washington 26780 57160 1134

South Dakota 24230 50830 1098

Vermont 30350 63210 1083

New York 27270 56320 1065

Minnesota 27620 53550 939

Georgia 23190 44760 930

Maine 22270 42870 925

Hawaii 30330 57670 901

Ohio 24760 46650 884

North Carolina 23060 43240 875

Nevada 23760 43340 824

Kentucky 23980 43730 824

Delaware 24160 43920 818

Wyoming 29010 52220 800

Mississippi 21070 35400 680

New Hampshire 29350 45390 547

Ap

pend

ix B

Ta

ble

s |

Oth

er F

rontlin

e O

ccup

atio

nal R

ole

s | R

ecre

atio

nal T

hera

pists

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 231

Total Growth

State Percentage

Maryland 550

Nevada 462

Arizona 451

Tennessee 439

Utah 430

New Hampshire 418

New Mexico 407

Minnesota 390

New Jersey 386

South Dakota 379

Maine 358

Wyoming 357

Indiana 343

Idaho 336

Wisconsin 331

Virginia 331

Georgia 328

Oklahoma 319

Alaska 314

Montana 312

North Carolina 291

Hawaii 290

Kentucky 260

Iowa 260

Rhode Island 258

Colorado 250

New York 248

Illinois 231

Pennsylvania 221

Florida 212

Vermont 210

Alabama 204

Oregon 202

Delaware 200

Texas 191

Connecticut 172

Washington 162

California 158

South Carolina 155

West Virginia 149

Missouri 132

Arkansas 130

Massachusetts 127

Nebraska 121

Kansas 108

Louisiana 107

District of Columbia 100

Mississippi 90

Michigan 86

Ohio 76

North Dakota 06

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

North Dakota 923

Ohio 750

District of Columbia 714

Michigan 714

Mississippi 714

Louisiana 700

Nebraska 667

Kansas 652

Missouri 646

Arkansas 636

Massachusetts 616

South Carolina 610

Wyoming 600

Washington 598

California 595

Connecticut 575

West Virginia 571

Texas 541

Vermont 529

Florida 526

Delaware 524

Alabama 500

Hawaii 500

Oregon 500

Pennsylvania 500

Illinois 498

New York 477

Kentucky 472

Iowa 471

Rhode Island 457

Alaska 450

Colorado 446

North Carolina 433

Montana 429

Oklahoma 418

Georgia 414

Virginia 411

Idaho 407

Indiana 400

Nevada 400

New Mexico 400

South Dakota 400

Utah 400

Wisconsin 400

Maine 386

New Jersey 372

Minnesota 372

New Hampshire 349

Arizona 333

Tennessee 308

Maryland 295

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Washington 1625

Connecticut 1142

District of Columbia 1128

Maine 925

Oklahoma 889

North Dakota 843

New Jersey 816

Kansas 781

Idaho 710

North Carolina 695

Massachusetts 686

Rhode Island 681

Maryland 674

Vermont 649

New Mexico 636

Delaware 620

Missouri 614

South Carolina 614

Iowa 610

Alaska 546

Virginia 538

New Hampshire 528

Wisconsin 517

Nebraska 492

Oregon 491

New York 481

Minnesota 476

Florida 415

Illinois 403

Indiana 398

Utah 341

Colorado 320

South Dakota 320

West Virginia 301

Montana 289

Wyoming 280

California 272

Ohio 252

Hawaii 251

Arizona 243

Mississippi 229

Arkansas 227

Pennsylvania 220

Alabama 219

Texas 205

Michigan 197

Louisiana 188

Kentucky 180

Tennessee 169

Georgia 143

Nevada 60

Ap

pend

ix B

Ta

ble

s |

Oth

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rontlin

e O

ccup

atio

nal R

ole

s | R

ehabilita

tion C

ounse

lors

232 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Hawaii $32290 $51550 596

New Mexico 17410 27370 572

Wisconsin 23120 34920 510

North Dakota 22940 34560 507

Delaware 24020 33340 388

Vermont 28810 39750 380

North Carolina 22940 30360 323

Minnesota 27260 35480 302

Colorado 25360 32930 299

Maryland 21430 27800 297

Montana 22960 29440 282

Massachusetts 27450 34450 255

Wyoming 23340 28530 222

Nebraska 24380 29700 218

Utah 25240 30680 216

Illinois 27430 32640 190

District of Columbia 33410 39670 187

Ohio 32090 37960 183

Georgia 29710 35070 180

New Jersey 23870 28080 176

Maine 22160 25960 171

California 29400 34320 167

Tennessee 21560 25150 167

Kansas 21320 24880 167

Virginia 26290 30300 153

Idaho 27490 31660 152

Oklahoma 17890 20410 141

New Hampshire 24320 27720 140

Alabama 26750 30500 140

Louisiana 27530 31250 135

Kentucky 27200 30850 134

Pennsylvania 25960 29270 128

Arkansas 30030 33820 126

Missouri 27210 30020 103

South Carolina 25870 28480 101

Iowa 25420 27700 90

Indiana 26150 28020 72

Alaska 31110 33280 70

South Dakota 31740 33920 69

Texas 28490 29840 47

Florida 27220 28270 39

Michigan 40300 41740 36

Arizona 27260 28180 34

Washington 31340 31630 09

West Virginia 29080 29310 08

Oregon 26080 25770 -12

Connecticut 35430 33880 -44

New York 30690 27590 -101

Nevada 31840 28550 -103

Rhode Island 39580 33590 -151

Mississippi 51360 33770 -342

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Hawaii $51550 $36750

Mississippi 33770 28630

Vermont 39750 34650

South Dakota 33920 29080

Arkansas 33820 29560

North Dakota 34560 30620

Michigan 41740 39590

Ohio 37960 35910

Louisiana 31250 31230

Wisconsin 34920 35240

Montana 29440 29880

Georgia 35070 35840

Idaho 31660 32770

West Virginia 29310 30470

Kentucky 30850 32170

Alabama 30500 31940

Nebraska 29700 33060

Utah 30680 34110

South Carolina 28480 31940

North Carolina 30360 34120

Wyoming 28530 32510

Iowa 27700 31990

Minnesota 35480 39840

Missouri 30020 34460

Rhode Island 33590 38240

Texas 29840 35310

Florida 28270 33750

New Mexico 27370 33000

Delaware 33340 39050

Nevada 28550 34300

Indiana 28020 33820

Illinois 32640 38580

Arizona 28180 34880

Pennsylvania 29270 35970

Colorado 32930 39820

Maine 25960 33480

Tennessee 25150 32730

California 34320 41980

Virginia 30300 39130

Alaska 33280 42170

Kansas 24880 33780

Washington 31630 40860

New Hampshire 27720 37450

Connecticut 33880 44400

Oklahoma 20410 31150

Massachusetts 34450 45290

Oregon 25770 36980

Maryland 27800 41360

New Jersey 28080 43040

New York 27590 43590

District of Columbia 39670 57980

Ap

pend

ix B

Ta

ble

s |

Oth

er F

rontlin

e O

ccup

atio

nal R

ole

s | R

ehabilita

tion C

ounse

lors

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 233

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Hawaii $24900 $92840 2729

Michigan 13550 50220 2706

Vermont 15660 49180 2140

District of Columbia 18890 59210 2134

Ohio 16280 48630 1987

Minnesota 19150 55180 1881

Georgia 19430 55900 1877

Wisconsin 19570 55600 1841

North Dakota 21750 60600 1786

Massachusetts 23410 64180 1742

California 18650 50750 1721

South Dakota 19990 53860 1694

Connecticut 16700 44810 1683

Arkansas 21090 56520 1680

Mississippi 18790 49530 1636

Rhode Island 17100 43770 1560

Delaware 20360 51750 1542

Alaska 16650 41860 1514

Colorado 17610 43850 1490

Illinois 22640 56010 1474

Idaho 19780 48870 1471

Washington 21600 53290 1467

Louisiana 15860 38830 1448

Kentucky 16510 40000 1423

Utah 18350 44300 1414

Alabama 17310 41780 1414

North Carolina 18800 45130 1401

Virginia 18030 43180 1395

Missouri 24510 58490 1386

Texas 18310 43420 1371

Nebraska 18300 43340 1368

Montana 15070 35640 1365

West Virginia 18990 44150 1325

Pennsylvania 18610 42650 1292

Nevada 18070 41020 1270

Wyoming 18520 41890 1262

South Carolina 19480 43880 1253

Florida 23400 52560 1246

Arizona 13500 29870 1213

New Jersey 19030 42000 1207

Indiana 23200 49840 1148

Maryland 20170 42920 1128

New Hampshire 19470 41060 1109

Iowa 20530 41800 1036

New York 19200 38650 1013

New Mexico 23390 46990 1009

Maine 24600 48950 990

Oregon 23650 44460 880

Tennessee 20130 37300 853

Kansas 30990 52620 698

Oklahoma 27620 43900 589

Ap

pend

ix B

Ta

ble

s |

Oth

er F

rontlin

e O

ccup

atio

nal R

ole

s | R

ehabilita

tion C

ounse

lors

234 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Appendix C

Bibliography

Adams P Brauer R Karas B Bresnahan T and Murphy H ldquoProfessional Certification Its Value to SHampE Practitioners and the Professionrdquo Professional Safety December 2004 httpwwwasseorg

Addiction Technology Transfer Center Network ldquoATTC Tackles Treatment Workforce Issuesrdquo ATTC Networker 4(3) Winter 2002

Alabama Department of Industrial Relations httpwww2dirstatealus

Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Development httpalmislaborstateakus

All Allied Health Schools Directory ldquoPhysical Therapy Assistantsrdquo httpallalliedhealthschoolscom Accessed April 4 2006

American Labor Market Information System State Projections httpwwwprojectionscentralcom

American Association of Medical Assistants httpwwwaama-intlorg

American Association of Medical Assistants ldquoWhy More Employers are Hiring CMArsquosrdquo httpwwwaama-intlorg Accessed April 3 2006

American Association for Respiratory Care ldquoRespiratory Therapist Human Resources Studymdash2005rdquo httpwwwaarcorg

American Dental Assistants Association ldquoAddressing a uniform national model for the dental assisting profession Position paper of the ADAADANB Alliance ldquo November 2005 httpwwwdentalassistantorg

American Health Information Management Association httpwwwahimaorg

American Health Information Management Association ldquoStatement on the Health Information Management Workforcerdquo July 2002 httpwwwahimaorg

American Medical Association Health Professions Career and Educational Directory 2005ndash2006 33rd Edition American Medical Association Press 2005

American Society for Clinical Pathology httpwwwascporg

American Society of Radiologic Technologists ldquoThe Personnel Crunch A Crisis in the Radio-logic Technology Workforcerdquo 2003 httpwwwasrtorgmediapdfshortage_overviewpdf Accessed April 27 2006

American Society of Radiologic Technologists ldquoMaking the Profession Stronger Annual Report to Members Fiscal Year 2004rdquo httpwwwasrtorgmediapdfAR05_spreadpdf Accessed April 25 2006

Annie E Casey Foundation ldquoWhorsquos Taking Care Advocasey Examines the Staffing Crisis in Children and Family Servicesrdquo Advocasey Documenting Programs That Work for Kids and Families 6(1) Spring 2004

Arizona Department of Economic SecuritymdashResearch Administration httpwwwworkforceazgov

Arkansas Department of Workforce Services httpwwwdiscoverarkansasnet

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profile of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 235

Arthur Anderson (1999 November) Pharmacy Activity Cost and Productivity Study November 1999

Association of Surgical Technologists ldquoAST Recommended Clinical Ladder for the Surgical Technologistrdquo httpwwwastorgContentThe20ProfessionInformationhtm Accessed March 25 2006

Bhattacharyya K Winch P Leban K and Tien M ldquoCommunity Health Worker Incentives and Disincentives How They Affect Motivation Retention and Sustainabilityrdquo Basic Support for Institutionalizing Child Survival Project (BASICS II) for the United States Agency for Interna-tional Development Arlington Virginia October 2001

Bureau of Labor Statistics US Department of Labor ldquoCurrent Population SurveymdashTable 11 Employed Persons by Detailed Occupation Sex Race and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicityrdquo January 2005

Bureau of Labor Statistics US Department of Labor Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004ndash2005

Bureau of Labor Statistics US Department of Labor ldquoOccupational Projections and Training Datamdash2003-2004rdquo Supplement to the Occupational Outlook Handbook 2003ndash2004

Bureau of Labor Statistics US Department of Labor ldquoOccupational Employment StatisticsmdashOccupational Employment and Wage Estimates ldquo November 2004 httpwwwblsgovoesoes_datahtm

California Association of Psychiatric Technicians ldquoPsychiatric Technicians in Other Statesrdquo 2004 httpwwwpsych-healthcomotherstshtm Accessed April 13 2006

California Department of Industrial Relations httpwwwlabormarketinfoeddcagov

Colorado Department of Labor and Employment httpwwwcoworkforcecomlmi

Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification (2006) httpwwwcrccertificationcom Accessed April 28 2006

Committee on Dietetic Registration ldquoCertifications and Licensurerdquo httpwwwcdrnetorg certificationslicensureindexhtm Accessed May 1 2006

Connecticut Department of Labor Office of Research httpwwwctdolstatectuslmi indexhtm

Delaware Office of Occupational and Labor Market Information httpwwwdelawareworkscomoolmiwelcomeshtml

District of Columbia Department of Employment Services httpdoesdcgovdoescwpviewaspa=1233ampq=538345ampdoesNav=|32064|

Florida Agency for Workforce Innovation httpwwwlabormarketinfocom

Franks P Kocher N and Chapman S Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics in California San Francisco University of California San Francisco Center for Health Professions January 2004

Georgia Department of Labor httpwwwexplorerdolstategaus

Hawaii Department of Labor and Industrial Relations httpwwwhiwiorg

Idaho Department of Commerce and Labor Research and Analysis Bureau httplmi Idahogov

Ap

pend

ix C

Bib

liogra

phy

236 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profile of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Illinois Department of Employment Security httplmiidesstateilus

Indiana Department of Workforce Development httpwwwingovdwdinewslmiasp

Iowa Workforce Development Labor Market Information Bureau httpwwwiowaworkforceorglmiindexhtml

Kansas Department of Labor httplaborstatsdolksgovindexhtm

Kentucky Office of Employment and Training httpwwwworkforcekentuckykygov

Keane D Nielsen C and Dower C Community Health Workers and Promoters in California San Francisco University of California San Francisco Center for the Health Professions September 2004

Kimerling J ldquoBuilding a Culturally Competent Mental Health Workforcerdquo (unpublished report) The California Endowment 2002

Koele C ldquo Building the Lab Workforce of the Futurerdquo Medical Laboratory Observer May 2004

Kopiec K ldquoThe Work Experiences of Certified Nursing Assistants in New Hampshirerdquo Concord NH New Hampshire Community Loan Fund 2000

Leon J and Franco SJ Home and Community-Based Workforce Final Report Menlo Park CA Henry J Kaiser Foundation July 1998

Light PC The Health of the Human Services Workforce Washington DC Center for Public Service The Brookings Institution and Wagner School of Public Service New York University 2003

Lipson D and Carol R Health Insurance Coverage for Direct-Care Workers Riding Out the Storm Washington DC Institute for the Future of Aging Services 1(3) March 2004

Louisiana Department of Labor httpwwwldolstatelaushomepageasp

Mahan C and Malecki J ldquoConfronting the Impending Public Health Workforce Crisis in America Perspectives from Academia and Public Health Practicerdquo Florida Public Health Review 1 4ndash7 2004

Maine Department of Labor httpwwwmainegovlaborlmis

Maryland Department of Labor Licensing and Regulation Division of Workforce Development httpwwwdllrstatemduslmiindexhtm

Massachusetts Department of Workforce Development httpwwwdetmaorgdefaulthtm

McLellan A Carise D and Kleber H ldquoCan the National Addiction Treatment Infrastructure Support the Publicrsquos Demand for Quality Carerdquo Report by The Treatment Research Institute and the University of Pennsylvania Center for Studies of Addiction 2003

McRee T et al The Mental Health Workforce Whorsquos Meeting Californiarsquos Needs San Francisco The California Workforce Initiative at the University of California San Francisco Center for Health Professions February 2003

Medical Transcription Industry Alliance Medical Transcription Industry Alliance Newsletter (6)6 December 2003

Michigan Department of Labor and Economic Growth httpwwwmichlmiorgindexjsp

Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development httpwwwdeedstatemnuslmiHomehtm

Ap

pend

ix C

Bib

liogra

phy

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profile of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 237

Mississippi Department of Employment Security httpmdesgovwpsportalnull

Missouri Department of Economic Development httpwwwmissourieconomyorgindexstm

Montana Department of Labor and Industry Research and Analysis Bureau httpwwwourfactsyourfutureorg

Mulvey K Hubbard S and Hiyashi S ldquoA National Study of the Substance Abuse Treatment Workforcerdquo Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 24(1) 51-57 January 2003

National Association of Social Workers httpwwwnasworg

National Association of Social Workers Assuring the Sufficiency of a Frontline Workforce A National Study of Licensed Social Workers Preliminary Report Washington DC National Association of Social Workers 2005

National Center for Health Workforce Analysis The Clinical Laboratory Workforce The Changing Picture of Supply Demand Education and practice US Department of Health and Human Services January 2005

National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certification ldquoWhy Become a CTRSrdquo 2004 httpwwwncrtcorg

National Rural Health Association ldquoRecruitment and Retention of a Quality Health Workforce in Rural Areas Issue Paperrdquo November 2005

Nebraska Department of Labor httpwwwdolstateneusnwdcentercfmPRICAT=4ampSUBCAT=4C

Nevada Department of Employment Training and Rehabilitation httpwww nevadaworkforcecom

New Hampshire Department of Employment Security httpwwwnhesstatenhuselmi indexhtml

New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development httpwwwnjgovlaborlra indexhtml

New Mexico Department of Labor httpwwwdolstatenmusdol_lmifhtml

New York Department of Labor httpwwwlaborstatenyusworkforceindustrydataindexasp

North Carolina Employment Security Commission httpwwwncesccomlmidefaultasp

North Dakota Job Service httpwwwjobsndcomdataindexhtml

Northwest Center for Public Health Practice Building Workforce Bridges Across Northwest States A Regional Analysis of Workforce Assessments From Six NW States School of Public Health and Community Medicine University of Washington January 2002

Ohio Office of Workforce Development httpwwwohioworkforceinformerorg

Oklahoma Employment Security Commission httpwwwoescstateokuslmi

Oregon Employment Department httpwwwqualityinfoorgolmisjOlmisZine

Pennsylvania Center for Workforce Information and Analysis httpwwwpaworkstatsstatepaus

Pharmacy Technician Certification Board 2005 httpwwwptcporgAboutstatisticsaspx Accessed April 27 2006

Ap

pend

ix C

Bib

liogra

phy

238 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profile of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Rhode Island Department of Labor and Training httpwwwdltrigovlmi

Seago J Spetz J Chapman S Dyer W and Grumbach K Supply Demand and use of Licensed Practical Nurses San Francisco Center for Health Workforce Studies University of San Francisco November 2004

Seavey D The Cost of Frontline Turnover in Long-Term Care Washington DC Better Jobs Better Care Institute for the Future of Aging Services October 2004

South Carolina Employment Security Commission httpwwwscesorglmi

South Dakota Department of Labor httpwwwsdjobsorglmic

Tache S and Chapman S Medical Assistants in California San Francisco University of California San Francisco Center for Health Professions 2004 Tennessee Department of Labor and Workforce Development httpsourcevirtuallmicomdefaultasp

Texas Workforce Commission httpwwwtracer2com

United States General Accounting Office ldquoNursing Workforce Recruitment and Retention of Nurses and Nurse Aides is a Growing Concernrdquo Statement of William J Scanlon May 17 2001

Utah Department of Workforce Services httpjobsutahgovopencmswi

Virginia Employment Commission httpvelmavirtuallmicom

Vermont Department of Labor httpwwwvtlmiinfo

Washington Employment Security Department httpwwwworkforceexplorercom

West Virginia Workforce httpwwwwvbeporgbeplmi

Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education Mental Health Program The behavioral workforce in Alaska A status report University of Alaska March 2004

Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development httpworknetwisconsingovworknet

Wyoming Department of Employment Research and Planning Division httpdoestatewy uslmi

Ap

pend

ix C

Bib

liogra

phy

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profile of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 239

Acknowledgments

Health Workforce Solutions LLC would like to thank the following people for their

contributions to this book

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Staff

Victor Capoccia PhD

Senior Program Offi cer

Sallie Petrucci George MPH

Program Offi cer

Maureen Cozine MPH

Communications Offi cer

Hope Woodhead

Production Director

Editing

Beth Brainard

Chartbook Design

DBA Design

PO Box 2316

Route One and College Road East

Princeton NJ 08543

wwwrwjforg

  • Front Cover
  • Contents
  • Introduction
  • Overview of Methodology
    • Defining the Frontline Health and Health Care Workers
    • Data Collection and Analysis
      • How to Use the Chartbook
        • Overview of the Frontline Workforce
        • Occupational Variation Across the Frontline Workforce
        • Occupational Profiles
        • Appendix Data Tables
        • Commonly Used Terms
          • Overview of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
            • Figure 1 Frontline Workforce Population Relative to Total Health and Health Care Workforce Population
            • Figure 2 Gender Distribution Across the Frontline Workforce
            • Figure 3 Racial Distribution Across the Frontline Workforce
            • Figure 4 Frontline Workforce Occupational Roles
            • Employment Outlook
              • Figure 5 Projected Employment for the Frontline Workforce Due to Growth (2002ndash2012)
              • Figure 6 Projected Employment for the Frontline Workforce Due to Growth + Replacement Need (2002ndash2012)
                • Regional Outlook
                  • Figure 7 Frontline Workforce Regional Distribution
                  • Figure 8 Frontline Workforce Regional Outlook Projected Growth (2002ndash2012) and Percent Job Openings Due to Replacement Need
                    • Wage Outlook
                      • Figure 9 Frontline Workforce Wage Earnings (2004)
                          • Occupational Variation Across the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
                            • Figure 10 Occupational Employment Projections (2002ndash2012)mdashGrowth Rate
                            • Figure 11 Occupational Employment Projections (2002ndash2012)mdashPercent of Job Openings Due to Replacement Need
                            • Figure 12 Occupational Wage Gains 2000ndash2004
                            • Figure 13 Occupational Wage Range 10thndash90th Percentile
                            • Figure 14 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Occupational Roles
                            • Figure 15 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Percent Wage Gain Across Occupations
                            • Figure 16 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Wage Earnings Range (10thndash90th percentile)
                            • Figure 17 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Education Training Levels
                            • Figure 18 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Percent of Minority Workers Within Occupations
                              • Occupational Profiles
                                • Allied Health Roles mdash Frontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles
                                  • Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians
                                    • Figure 19 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                    • Figure 20 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                    • Figure 21 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                      • Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics
                                        • Figure 22 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                        • Figure 23 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                        • Figure 24 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                          • Medical Assistants
                                            • Figure 25 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                            • Figure 26 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                            • Figure 27 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                              • Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians
                                                • Figure 28 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                • Figure 29 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                • Figure 30 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                  • Medical Records and Health Information Technicians
                                                    • Figure 31 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                    • Figure 32 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                    • Figure 33 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                      • Occupational Health and Safety Specialists
                                                        • Figure 34 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                        • Figure 35 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                        • Figure 36 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                          • Pharmacy Technicians
                                                            • Figure 37 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                            • Figure 38 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                            • Figure 39 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                              • Radiologic Technologists and Technicians
                                                                • Figure 40 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                • Figure 41 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due toReplacement Need
                                                                • Figure 42 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                  • Respiratory Therapy Technicians
                                                                    • Figure 43 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                    • Figure 44 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                    • Figure 45 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                      • Surgical Technologists
                                                                        • Figure 46 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                        • Figure 47 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                        • Figure 48 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                            • Community and Public Health Roles Frontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles
                                                                              • Health Educators
                                                                                • Figure 49 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                • Figure 50 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                • Figure 51 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                  • Medical and Public Health Social Workers
                                                                                    • Figure 52 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                    • Figure 53 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                    • Figure 54 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                      • Social and Human Service Assistants
                                                                                        • Figure 55 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                        • Figure 56 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                        • Figure 57 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                            • Long-term Care Roles Frontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles
                                                                                              • Home Health Aides
                                                                                                • Figure 58 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                • Figure 59 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                • Figure 60 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                  • Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants
                                                                                                    • Figure 61 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                    • Figure 62 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                    • Figure 63 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                      • Personal and Home Care Aides
                                                                                                        • Figure 64 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                        • Figure 65 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                        • Figure 66 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                            • Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles Frontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles
                                                                                                              • Mental Health Counselors
                                                                                                                • Figure 67 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                • Figure 68 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                • Figure 69 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                  • Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers
                                                                                                                    • Figure 70 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                    • Figure 71 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                    • Figure 72 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                      • Psychiatric Aides
                                                                                                                        • Figure 73 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                        • Figure 74 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                        • Figure 75 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                          • Psychiatric Technicians
                                                                                                                            • Figure 76 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                            • Figure 77 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                            • Figure 78 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                              • Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors
                                                                                                                                • Figure 79 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                • Figure 80 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                • Figure 81 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                    • Other Frontline Occupational Roles Frontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles
                                                                                                                                      • Child Family and School Social Workers
                                                                                                                                        • Figure 82 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                        • Figure 83 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                        • Figure 84 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                          • Dental Assistants
                                                                                                                                            • Figure 85 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                            • Figure 86 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                            • Figure 87 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                              • Dietetic Technicians
                                                                                                                                                • Figure 88 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                                • Figure 89 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                                • Figure 90 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                                  • Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses
                                                                                                                                                    • Figure 91 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                                    • Figure 92 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                                    • Figure 93 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                                      • Medical Transcriptionists
                                                                                                                                                        • Figure 94 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                                        • Figure 95 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                                        • Figure 96 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                                          • Occupational Therapist Assistants
                                                                                                                                                            • Figure 97 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                                            • Figure 98 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                                            • Figure 99 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                                              • Pharmacy Aides
                                                                                                                                                                • Figure 100 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                                                • Figure 101 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                                                • Figure 102 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                                                  • Physical Therapist Aides
                                                                                                                                                                    • Figure 103 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                                                    • Figure 104 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                                                    • Figure 105 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                                                      • Physical Therapist Assistants
                                                                                                                                                                        • Figure 106 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                                                        • Figure 107 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                                                        • Figure 108 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                                                          • Recreational Therapists
                                                                                                                                                                            • Figure 109 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                                                            • Figure 110 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                                                            • Figure 111 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                                                              • Rehabilitation Counselors
                                                                                                                                                                                • Figure 112 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                                                                • Figure 113 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                                                                • Figure 114 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Conclusion
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Implications for Further Policy and Research Efforts
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Appendix A Extended Methodology and Data Availability
                                                                                                                                                                                        • National Level Data Availability
                                                                                                                                                                                        • State Level Data Availability
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Appendix B Table mdash Occupational Profiles State by State Data
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Allied Health Roles
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Community and Public Health Roles
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Long-term Care Roles
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Other Frontline Occupational Roles
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Appendix C Bibliography

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profile of the Frontline

Health and Health Care Workforce

November 2006

HEALTH WORKFORCE SOLUTIONS LLC

Contents

Introduction 1

Overview of Methodology 3

How to Use the Chartbook 5

Overview of the FrontlineHealth and Health Care Workforce 11

Occupational Variation Across theFrontline Health and Health Care Workforce17

Occupational Profi les 27

Conclusion 129

Appendix A Extended Methodology and Data Availability 133

Appendix B TablesmdashOccupational Profi les State by State Data 137

Appendix C Bibliography 235

The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) is dedicated to improving the health and health care of all Americans Historically the Foundationrsquos workforce initiatives have targeted primarily prominent and professionalized occupations such as physicians registered nurses and health care executives These professions are critical highly visible components of the United States health care system they provide vital contributions to the public their patients key constituents and the organizations they represent However a signifi cant number of public health and health care workersmdashreferred to here as the frontline workforcemdashalso deliver vital care and services but are often underrepresented in current research and outreach initiatives within the health and health care system This frontline workforce is a diverse group of professionals and paraprofessionals who provide a range of direct patient care and client services The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation believes this fast-growing segment of the health and health care workforce a group that plays a critical role in ensuring delivery of high-quality care and services warrants further research and outreach

This frontline workforce is growing rapidly collectively it is growing faster (326) than the growth rate of all health and health care occupations (283) and signifi cantly faster than the growth rate for all occupations (148) in the United States workforce (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment Statistics 2003) Although we know the frontline workforce will continue to play a critically important role within public health and the health care delivery system little has been known about who these workers are and what employment issues and needs they face This chartbook attempts to fi ll this research gap by providing information about frontline occupations on both national and state levels Frontline workers are diverse in terms of the patient care services they provide the settings in which they work and their particular employment outlook but they do share some common characteristics

bull Frontline workersrsquo wage earnings are generally lower than in other health care occupations most earn annual wages of $40000 or less

bull Most frontline occupations require educational training at a bachelorrsquos degree or below or simply on-the-job training

bull Workers often do not have clear career ladders or mechanisms to enhance their occupational role

In total the frontline workforce occupations selected for this chartbook represent more than 6 million workers employed in 2002 (based on data reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics) which represents just over half of the total health and health care workforce Not all occupations document comprehensive demographic information however existing data do indicate that 80 percent of frontline workers in the occupations included in this study are female and 32 percent are African American or Hispanic These demographics are in sharp contrast with many other health professions in which workers are predominantly white and male

Introduction

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 1

Although some frontline occupations have voluntary member associations connections with accrediting bodies or related organizational affi liations no comprehensive resource has provided consistent data on the occupational outlook for this workforce This chartbook offers a synthesis of the core data available across these occupations including occupational growth outlook per capita employment demographic information and wage outlook and trends These data will serve as a resource for workforce policy-makers and analysts occupational associations employers foundations and researchers by profi ling the frontline workforce as a whole the variability across frontline occupations and the employment outlook for each occupation as it varies across states

The frontline workforce will become an increasingly important part of the United States health and health care system as the population ages Changes in disease advances in technology and increases in consumer demand and costs will affect the entire health care system but many frontline employers and workers will have fewer resources available to respond to those challenges As our nationrsquos health care needs increase it is essential to the nationrsquos health that policies be developed to ensure that a sustainable frontline workforce is available to deliver the highest quality of care and services

Intro

ductio

n

2 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

This chartbook provides comprehensive employment data on frontline health and health care workforce occupations The data offer a profi le of the frontline workforce at the national level as well as a more nuanced description of the ways in which the frontline occupational outlook varies across states and regions The researchers gathered the core occupational data presented here from federal sources such as the Bureau of Labor Statistics and from state sources such as state labor market information databases

Defi ning the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Thirty-two occupational categories comprise the frontline health and health care workforce profi led in this chartbook1 These occupational categories are defi ned by the Bureau of Labor Statistics 2000 Standard Occupational Classifi cation (SOC) which the researchers used to obtain the most standardized and consistent data available for this workforce To delineate which occupations make up the frontline workforce the researchers targeted occupations with the following general characteristics

bull a high level of direct patient care or care delivery support services

bull median annual wages of approximately $40000 or less and

bull required educational training of a bachelorrsquos degree or below

Collectively the frontline workforce refl ects these general characteristics However as discussed in more detail in the Appendix a few occupational categories that do not precisely fi t these criteria are included in the frontline workforce because they generally represent the health and health care occupations warranting further research and attention

Data Collection and Analysis

The researchers used both federal and state resources to gather core occupational data Because state labor market information resources use the federal Bureau of Labor Statistics Standard Occupational Classifi cation parallel gathering processes produced consistent and comparable state and national occupational data Core data on this workforce include2

bull 2002ndash2012 national and state employment and projections

mdash growth rate

mdash percentage of annual job openings due to replacement needs and

mdash per capita occupational employment

Overview of Methodology

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 3

1 An extensive discussion of the process of defi ning this workforce can be found in the Extended Methodology section in the Appendix

2 For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

bull 2004 national and state wage outlook and trends

mdash average occupational wage

mdash percentile range of wage earnings and

mdash national and state wage gain trends

bull demographics (national data) and

bull educational training levels (national data)

The core data were analyzed organized and presented to provide (1) a view of the frontline workforce as a whole (2) occupational variations across the workforce and (3) in-depth occupational profi les that illuminate state variations in key information such as per capita employment occupational growth rates reported wage gains and other occupational trends In addition to the core data in the main portion of the chartbook a complete set of data tables are included in the Appendix which provides occupational data specifi c to each state

Ove

rview

of M

eth

odolo

gy

4 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Physical Therapist Assistants

Physical Therapist Aides

Occupational Therapist Assistants

Dental Assistants

Personal and Home Care Aides

Respiratory Therapy Technicians

Cardiovascular Technologists and Techicians

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Rehabilitation Counselors

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Medical and Public Health Social Workers

Pharmacy Technicians

Surgical Technologists

Mental Health Counselors

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Child Family and School Social Workers

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

Medical Transcriptionists

Dietetic Technicians

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Health Educators

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Pharmacy Aides

Psychiatric Aides

All Frontline Occupations

Medical Assistants

Social and Human Services Assistants

Home Health Aides

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

Recreational Therapists

Psychiatric Technicians

326

586

489

481

146

74

50

469

460

459

444

425

400

400

349

347

344

330

290

284

278

259

249

239

234

230

228

207

202

200

197

183

153

Growth Rate (in percent)

How to Use the Chartbook

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 5

Overview of the Frontline Workforce(page 11 to 15)

This section of the chartbook provides overview data on the total frontline workforce The data presented are aggregated across all 32 occupations to present a view of the employment and wage outlook for the frontline workforce as a whole Data presented include

bull Frontline workforce population relative to the total health and health care workforce

bull Employment projections

bull Regional distribution and outlook

bull Gender and racial distribution

bull Wage earningsMales

Females

21

79

Total health and health care workforce12080000

Frontline workforce6476000

Data ranked high to low

Top 3 entries are

Bottom 3 entries are

Occupational Variation Across the Frontline Workforce(page 17 to 26)

This section of the book provides data focusing on the variation across the 32 occupations Figures 10 and 11 in this section show the employment and wage outlook across these occupations ordered from high to low

MEAN ANNUAL

Nursing Aides Orderlies and AttendantsHome Health Aides

Personal and Home Care Aides

Occupational Health and Safety SpecialistsRadiologic Technologists and Technicians

Cardiovascular Technologists and TechniciansRespiratory Therapy Technicians

Surgical TechnologistsMedical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Medical Records and Health Information TechniciansEmergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Medical AssistantsPharmacy Technicians

Health EducatorsMedical and Public Health Social Workers

Social and Human Service Assistants

Mental Health CounselorsMental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder CounselorsPsychiatric Technicians

Psychiatric Aides

Occupational Therapist AssistantsChild Family and School Social Workers

Physical Therapist AssistantsLicensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Recreational TherapistsRehabilitation Counselors

Dental AssistantsMedical Transcriptionists

Dietetic TechniciansPhysical Therapist Aides

Pharmacy Aides

$21890

$19200

$17560

$54410

$45900

$40770

$37840

$35560

$32820

$28160

$27940

$25860

$25150

$43150

$42250

$26300

$36630

$36620

$35170

$28710

$23770

$38550

$38280

$38050

$35580

$34780

$30820

$29570

$29530

$25390

$23270

$20270

Long-term Care Roles

Allied Health Roles

Community and Public Health Roles

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles

All Other Frontline Roles

lt$25900$26000ndash 30900

$31000ndash 40900

$41000ndash 50000+

OCCUPATIONAL ROLES

How

to U

se th

e C

hartb

ook

6 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Wage ranges

Summary occupational employment information

Supplemental data points

Per capita distribution by quartiles

Frontline occupational data point groupings

Occupational Profi les(page 27 to 128)

This third section provides occupational profi les for each of the 32 occupations in the frontline workforce

Page 1

The top of this page provides summary employment information for the occupation followed by a few additional data points The map of the United States on the bottom portion of the page presents the per capita distribution for this occupation across the country The per capita population is presented in quartiles with the legend showing the distribution for each quartile by color and the states shaded by the corresponding quartile color

A complete listing of each statersquos per capita distribution is located in the Appendix tables corresponding with each occupation

The second set of charts Figures 12 through 18 present comparison data of the average annual occupational wage relative to several other data points occupational roles demographics and education level along with other wage data points such as wage gain and wage range The purpose is to show where certain data points correlate with higher or lower wages

For example if one wanted to look at the wages for

occupations requiring a bachelorrsquos degree compared with wages of occupations requiring an associate degree the comparison is displayed on this chart

Allied Health Roles

Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Additional Findings

bull Cardiovascular technologists can deliver their services to patients in any medical setting that provides the necessary supervision of a doctor of medicine or osteopathy (American Medical Association 2005)

bull A vast majority of cardiovascular technologists and technicians work in medical and surgical hospitals while others work in offices of physicians and federal government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 43000 2265 Average Annual Openings2012 58000

35 Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 642 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 358 Replacements

Figure 19 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

1914ndash37901545ndash18941192ndash1505499ndash1178Data not available

(Median = 1545)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

NH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

VT

WY

How

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ook

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 7

States with the highest and lowest replacement needs

2004 mean annual wage for all occupa-tions in given state

High

ArizonaUtahKansasNevadaArkansas

400

400

393

360

345

Low

South CarolinaLouisianaDistrict of ColumbiaMichiganNorth Dakota

89

85

82

76

48

Growth Rate

High

North DakotaWest VirginiaMichiganLouisianaDistrict of Columbia

857

800

771

750

739

Low

WisconsinCaliforniaArizonaKansasUtah

400

373

361

353

333

Replacement Need (in percent)

NV

UT

AZ

KS

ND

AR

LA

MI

DC

SC

CA UT

AZ

KS

ND

WI

LA

MI

DC

SC

States with the highest and lowest

growth rate

Wage gain percent in the given state

2004 mean annual occupational wage

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

$38

880

$42

630

$31

740

$39

160

$47

450

$37

450

$34

880

$31

150

$34

300

$43

040

775 584 525 509 399

New Hampshire Arizona Oklahoma Nevada New Jersey

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

$34

110

$39

050

$34

650

$35

240

$36

750

Utah Delaware Vermont Wisconsin Hawaii

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

09 -52 -87 -138-26

$35

400

$32

910

$38

220

$37

930

$34

510

Page 3

This page presents the variation in wage outlook and average wage across states for the occupation The top chart highlights the fi ve states with the greatest wage gains from 2000ndash2004 and the chart below highlights the states with the lowest wage gains Additionally the average wage for the occupation in this state is presented next to the average wage for all occupations in that state

Here one can see the mean annual wage for the profi led occupation in the given state benchmarked next to the average wages across all occupations in that state providing insight into the economic context for the particular occupation in the given state

Page 2

This page presents data on the variation across states for the growth outlook and replacement needs for the occupation For both growth and replacement needs one can see the top and bottom fi ve states highlighted on the maps along with the corresponding percentage data on the left

Community and Public Health Roles

Health Educators

Additional Findings

bull The average age of the total public health workforce of which health educators are a key element is estimated at 47 indicating a looming retirement problem (Mahan and Malecki 2004)

bull The health educator occupational group is noted for persistent shortages and cited as a top priority within the public health infrastructure (Northwest Center for Public Health Practice University of Washington 2002)

bull Health educators work in a variety of settings including medical and surgical hospitals local government institutions individual and family services and state government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 45000 1759 Average Annual Openings2012 54000

20 Health Educators Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 554 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 446 Replacements

Figure 49 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

2048ndash66941482ndash20111041ndash14211414ndash1019Data not available

(Median = 1482)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

WY

SDNH

VT

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 669

Vermont 462

Delaware 347

Hawaii 332

Oregon 315

Alaska 296

Georgia 290

Maine 276

Minnesota 262

Massachusetts 245

New Jersey 210

New Mexico 205

Rhode Island 201

Washington 199

Maryland 194

Colorado 180

New York 178

Oklahoma 169

Nebraska 166

Missouri 165

North Carolina 161

California 157

Mississippi 154

Florida 149

New Hampshire 148

Kentucky 142

Ohio 135

Indiana 127

Texas 127

Michigan 123

Wisconsin 123

Utah 121

Pennsylvania 114

West Virginia 111

Kansas 107

Montana 104

Connecticut 104

Tennessee 102

Virginia 101

Nevada 92

Arizona 88

Iowa 83

South Dakota 83

Louisiana 83

Alabama 80

Idaho 74

Arkansas 73

Illinois 73

South Carolina 41

North Dakota NA

Wyoming NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 875

Michigan 667

Rhode Island 667

West Virginia 667

New York 600

Arkansas 571

Illinois 571

Maryland 559

Washington 540

Indiana 533

Alaska 500

California 500

Delaware 500

Hawaii 500

Idaho 500

Iowa 500

Missouri 500

Montana 500

New Mexico 500

Ohio 500

Tennessee 500

Utah 500

Vermont 500

Wisconsin 500

Georgia 489

Pennsylvania 472

Mississippi 471

Colorado 460

Nebraska 455

Massachusetts 451

Virginia 448

Maine 429

New Jersey 429

Kentucky 400

Louisiana 400

Texas 400

Minnesota 397

Florida 383

Arizona 375

Kansas 375

New Hampshire 375

Oklahoma 350

Oregon 350

Alabama 333

North Carolina 333

South Dakota 333

Connecticut 300

Nevada 100

North Dakota NA

South Carolina NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Utah 464

Nevada 450

Colorado 333

Arizona 315

Florida 298

South Dakota 286

New Hampshire 275

Texas 273

Minnesota 264

Alaska 263

New Mexico 263

Kentucky 256

Hawaii 244

Montana 242

Maine 235

Oregon 234

North Carolina 231

Missouri 223

Alabama 222

New Jersey 222

Virginia 221

Delaware 214

Idaho 212

Oklahoma 203

Mississippi 201

Pennsylvania 199

Washington 198

Connecticut 194

Arkansas 192

Nebraska 192

Georgia 185

California 182

Indiana 179

Wisconsin 179

Vermont 179

Massachusetts 178

Ohio 175

Kansas 172

Louisiana 162

Tennessee 153

Iowa 143

Maryland 142

Illinois 131

West Virginia 115

New York 115

Rhode Island 112

Michigan 89

South Carolina 59

District of Columbia 24

North Dakota NA

Wyoming NA

How

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8 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Corresponding data for every state can be found in Appendix B TablesmdashOccupational Profi les State by State Data

Appendix Data Tables(page 137 to 234)

The data tables in Appendix B provide a complete listing of the state-by-state data highlighted in the occupational profi les The data tables are organized by occupation and include state data for growth replacements and per capita and wage gains benchmarks and differentials Data for certain occupations were not available in all states and unavailable data are labeled as ldquonardquo

For example for a more detailed look at the specifi c per capita population of health educators in Texas one can turn to the corresponding per capita Appendix table for health educators which will show the per capita population for that state listed in order from highest to lowest per capita distribution

Commonly Used Terms

Several terms are repeatedly used throughout the chartbook The table below provides brief defi nitions for each term

TERM DEFINITION

Frontline workforce 32 unique occupational groups of health and health care workers as defi ned by the researchers Key characteristics include high level of direct careservice median annual wage under $40000 and required educational training of a bachelorrsquos degree or below For more detail on how the 32 groups were chosen please review the Extended Methodology section in the Appendix

Growth or growth rate Difference or percent change between 2002 and 2012 refl ecting expected growth in an occupation throughout the ten-year period

Replacements The need in job openings from workers that permanently leave an occupation (eg retirement health and family reasons switch careers etc)

Separations Synonym for replacements

Average annual openings Sum for each occupation of Growth plus the expected number of Replacement workers needed to fi ll those openings and then annualized

Short term on-the-job training Short demonstration or up to one month of on-the-job experience or instruction

Moderate term on-the-job training One to 12 months of combined on-the-job experience and instruction

Allied health roles Occupations that support aid and increase the effi ciency of the physician or dentist or primary clinical specialist

For more detail on specifi c calculations or methods please refer to the Extended Methodology section in the Appendix

How

to U

se th

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ook

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 9

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 11

Frontline workers represent a large and signifi cant segment of the total health and health care workforce There are approximately 12 million health and health care workers in the United States working in community and social service occupations health care practitioner and technical occupations and health care support occupations (Bureau of Labor Statistics 2003) These workers represent a range of roles in the delivery of health services and care they include physicians registered nurses substance abuse counselors medical assistants and X-ray technicians The frontline workforce as defi ned in this chartbook constitutes half of the total health and health care workforce with more than 6 million workers in frontline occupations1

Figure 1 Frontline Workforce Population Relative to Total Health and Health Care Workforce Population

The frontline workforce as a whole is predominantly female and approximately one-third of the workers are part of a racial minority

Figure 2 Gender Distribution Across the Frontline Workforce

Overview of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Males

Females

21

79

Total health and health care workforce12080000

Frontline workforce6476000

1 For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 3 Racial Distribution Across the Frontline Workforce

The frontline workforce consists of a diverse set of occupations within various health services and health care delivery roles

Figure 4 Frontline Workforce Occupational Roles

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles

Mental Health Counselors

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Psychiatric Aides

Psychiatric Technicians

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Child Family and School Social Workers

Dental Assistants

Dietetic Technicians

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Medical Transcriptionists

Occupational Therapist Assistants

Pharmacy Aides

Physical Therapist Aides

Physical Therapist Assistants

Recreational Therapists

Rehabilitation Counselors

Allied Health Roles

Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Medical Assistants

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

Pharmacy Technicians

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

Respiratory Therapy Technicians

Surgical Technologists

Community and Public Health Roles

Health Educators

Medical and Public Health Social Workers

Social and Human Services Assistants

Long-term Care Roles

Home Health Aides

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Personal and Home Care Aides

White

Asian

AfricanAmerican

HispanicLatino

6718

10

4

Ove

rview

of th

e F

rontlin

e H

ealth

and H

ealth

Care

Work

forc

e

12 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Employment Outlook

This frontline workforce is growing rapidly collectively it is growing faster (326) than the growth rate for all health and health care occupations (283) and signifi -cantly faster than the growth rate for all occupations (148) in the United States (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment Statistics 2003)

Figure 5 Projected Employment for the Frontline Workforce Due to Growth (2002ndash2012)

This projection refl ects only the increase in jobs needed due to occupational growth it does not include additional job openings due to replacement need which includes workers who retire leave the occupation or leave the employment workforce altogether For the frontline workforce 342 of the average annual projected job openings are due to replacement need This means an additional 1 million frontline workforce jobs will need to be fi lled by 2012

Figure 6 Projected Employment for the Frontline Workforce Due to Growth + Replacement Need (2002ndash2012)

2012Projected employment

8589000

2002Employment

6476000

Growth rate = 326

2012Projected employment (growth + replacements)

9686760

2002Employment

6476000

Growth rate = 496

Ove

rview

of th

e F

rontlin

e H

ealth

and H

ealth

Care

Work

forc

e

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 13

Regional Outlook

With the exception of the West there is little observable regional variation in growth rate or percentage of replacement need for the total frontline workforce across the four Census regions Variations in employment and wage outlook appear much more salient at the state level when comparing particular occupations as shown in the Occupational Profi les section

The overall regional distribution of the frontline workforce is fairly evenly distributed relative to the regional distribution of the population as a whole The Western region exhibits the most variation relative to the other regions with the frontline workforce there less representative of the regionrsquos population as a whole The total 2002 population distribution across regions is

West 26 of total United States population

South 35 of total United States population

Northeast 18 of total United States population

Midwest 21 of total United States population

Figure 7 Frontline Workforce Regional Distribution

Total workforce employment 6400000

West1140230

Northeast1439258

South2261969

Midwest1558525

178

353

224

243

Ove

rview

of th

e F

rontlin

e H

ealth

and H

ealth

Care

Work

forc

e

14 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 15

Wage Outlook

Workers in the frontline workforce generally earn less than $40000 per year the mean annual wage for the total frontline workforce is $32180 (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment Statistics Wage Estimates 2004) Looking at the percentile spread of wage earnings for frontline occupations from the 10th percentile to the 90th percentile there is some variability between the minimum and maximum wage earning potential The highest annual wage earning potential for this workforce as a whole is under $50000

Figure 9 Frontline Workforce Wage Earnings (2004)

260 259 311 341 397 394 354 358

Northeast Midwest South West Northeast Midwest South West

Figure 8 Frontline Workforce Regional Outlook Projected Growth (2002ndash2012) and Percent Job Openings Due to Replacement Need

Ove

rview

of th

e F

rontlin

e H

ealth

and H

ealth

Care

Work

forc

e

Percentile Differential

$20299

Median $30665

$46673

10th Percentile

90th Percentile

130

The following section highlights the employment and wage outlook for the frontline workforce by occupation and illuminates variations among frontline occupations There is signifi cant variation in growth and replacement need across occupations and there is also some observable variation in wage earnings The variations in growth and replacement need do not appear to relate directly to particular occupational roles In wage outlook however certain occupational roles tend to cluster at the top and the bottom of the wage-earning spectrum For example long-term care roles are among the lowest wage earners and experienced the smallest wage gain in the past four years Allied health roles (some not all) on the other hand are among the highest wage earners in this workforce and experienced some of the largest wage gains1

Although the data on educational training for frontline occupations are limited2 the researchers were able to categorize these occupations based on the following standard educational training levels

Short-term on-the-job training3

Moderate-term on-the-job training4

Postsecondary vocational award

Associate degree

Bachelorrsquos degree

Masterrsquos degree

(Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Projections and Training Data 2005)

In frontline workforce occupations higher education and training do not directly correlate with the highest wage earnings but workers with only on-the-job training are among the lowest wage earners in the workforce

The demographic data available for frontline occupations is also limited However by grouping occupations by their percentage of minority workers there are some patterns within occupational roles with a high percentage or a low percentage of minority workers For example long-term care roles have the highest percentage of minority workers and the lowest wage earnings and allied health roles (some not all) have the lowest number of minority workers and are among the highest wage earners

Occupational Variation Across the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 17

1 For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

2 Further discussion on data availability can be found in the Extended Methodology section in the Appendix

3 Defi ned as short demonstration or up to 1 month of on-the-job experience or instruction

4 Defi ned as 1 to 12 months of combined on-the-job experience and instruction

Occupatio

nal V

aria

tion

|

Em

plo

ym

ent G

row

th

18 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Physical Therapist Assistants

Physical Therapist Aides

Occupational Therapist Assistants

Dental Assistants

Personal and Home Care Aides

Respiratory Therapy Technicians

Cardiovascular Technologists and Techicians

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Rehabilitation Counselors

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Medical and Public Health Social Workers

Pharmacy Technicians

Surgical Technologists

Mental Health Counselors

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Child Family and School Social Workers

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

Medical Transcriptionists

Dietetic Technicians

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Health Educators

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Pharmacy Aides

Psychiatric Aides

All Frontline Occupations

Medical Assistants

Social and Human Services Assistants

Home Health Aides

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

Recreational Therapists

Psychiatric Technicians

326

586

489

481

146

74

50

469

460

459

444

425

400

400

349

347

344

330

290

284

278

259

249

239

234

230

228

207

202

200

197

183

153

Growth Rate (in percent)

Figure 10 Occupational Employment Projections (2002ndash2012)mdashGrowth Rate

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Occupatio

nal V

aria

tion

|

Rep

lacem

ent N

eed

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 19

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Pharmacy Aides

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Psychiatric Aides

Mental Health Counselors

Medical Transcriptionists

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

Health Educators

Child Family and School Social Workers

Rehabilitation Counselors

Dental Assistants

Dietetic Technicians

Medical and Public Health Social Workers

Cardiovascular Technologists and Techicians

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Surgical Technologists

Pharmacy Technicians

Personal and Home Care Aides

Respiratory Therapy Technicians

Physical Therapist Assistants

Social and Human Services Assistants

Physical Therapist Aides

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Occupational Therapist Assistants

All Frontline Occupations

Recreational Therapists

Psychiatric Technicians

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

Medical Assistants

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Home Health Aides

342

725

688

623

239

234

214

581

519

513

496

474

462

450

449

446

425

403

397

392

374

358

345

332

318

312

284

275

272

265

265

257

244

Replacement Need (in percent)

Figure 11 Occupational Employment Projections (2002ndash2012)mdashPercent of Job Openings Due to Replacement Need

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Occupatio

nal V

aria

tion

| W

ag

e G

ain

20 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Wage Gain

All Frontline Occupations

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

Mental Health Counselors

Surgical Technologists

Health Educators

Recreational Therapists

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Pharmacy Technicians

Medical and Public Health Social Workers

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Medical Transcriptionists

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Child Family and School Social Workers

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Rehabilitation Counselors

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Physical Therapist Aides

Dietetic Technicians

Physical Therapist Assistants

Dental Assistants

Occupational Therapist Assistants

Respiratory Therapy Technicians

Social and Human Service Assistants

Psychiatric Technicians

Personal and Home Care Aides

Medical Assistants

Pharmacy Aides

Home Health Aides

Psychiatric Aides

2000Mean annual

2004Mean annual

144

231

226

205

199

178

175

168

168

166

164

161

153

148

146

142

136

134

133

129

112

112

107

106

106

105

103

102

100

85

71

60

59

$28141

$37290

$44380

$30390

$29660

$36640

$29590

$30100

$30470

$34960

$21600

$36400

$24430

$25720

$19100

$33530

$32240

$27170

$28970

$24740

$20930

$22830

$34370

$26740

$34860

$34230

$23840

$26060

$15960

$23840

$18930

$18110

$22440

$32179

$45900

$54410

$36630

$35560

$43150

$34780

$35170

$35580

$40770

$25150

$42250

$28160

$29530

$21890

$38280

$36620

$30820

$32820

$27940

$23270

$25390

$38050

$29570

$38550

$37840

$26300

$28710

$17560

$25860

$20270

$19200

$23770

Figure 12 Occupational Wage Gains 2000ndash2004

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Percentile Differential

All Frontline Occupations

Health Educators

Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Mental Health Counselors

Rehabilitation Counselors

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

Recreational Therapists

Social and Human Service Assistants

Dietetic Technicians

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Child Family and School Social Workers

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Psychiatric Technicians

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Medical and Public Health Social Workers

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Physical Therapist Assistants

Occupational Therapist Assistants

Physical Therapist Aides

Psychiatric Aides

Dental Assistants

Pharmacy Aides

Pharmacy Technicians

Respiratory Therapy Technicians

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

Medical Transcriptionists

Surgical Technologists

Medical Assistants

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Home Health Aides

Personal and Home Care Aides

$20299

$23740

$22390

$16260

$21590

$18610

$31560

$20420

$15620

$14860

$21860

$23470

$21440

$18360

$18080

$25790

$20570

$24140

$24530

$15450

$15670

$19370

$13640

$16800

$25320

$30710

$20360

$24260

$18290

$15400

$24910

$13760

$12330

$46673

$68830

$61310

$43590

$56590

$48290

$81670

$52520

$40110

$37370

$54820

$58410

$51720

$44220

$42360

$60120

$47110

$52740

$53510

$33390

$33840

$41790

$29330

$34970

$52350

$62900

$40880

$47860

$35090

$29520

$47440

$26110

$22760

10th Percentile

90th Percentile

190

174

168

162

159

159

157

157

151

151

149

141

141

134

133

129

118

118

116

116

116

115

108

107

105

101

97

92

92

90

90

85

130

Occupatio

nal V

aria

tion

| W

ag

e R

ang

es

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 21

Figure 13 Occupational Wage Range 10thndash90th Percentile

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

MEAN ANNUAL

Nursing Aides Orderlies and AttendantsHome Health Aides

Personal and Home Care Aides

Occupational Health and Safety SpecialistsRadiologic Technologists and Technicians

Cardiovascular Technologists and TechniciansRespiratory Therapy Technicians

Surgical TechnologistsMedical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Medical Records and Health Information TechniciansEmergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Medical AssistantsPharmacy Technicians

Health EducatorsMedical and Public Health Social Workers

Social and Human Service Assistants

Mental Health CounselorsMental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder CounselorsPsychiatric Technicians

Psychiatric Aides

Occupational Therapist AssistantsChild Family and School Social Workers

Physical Therapist AssistantsLicensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Recreational TherapistsRehabilitation Counselors

Dental AssistantsMedical Transcriptionists

Dietetic TechniciansPhysical Therapist Aides

Pharmacy Aides

$21890

$19200

$17560

$54410

$45900

$40770

$37840

$35560

$32820

$28160

$27940

$25860

$25150

$43150

$42250

$26300

$36630

$36620

$35170

$28710

$23770

$38550

$38280

$38050

$35580

$34780

$30820

$29570

$29530

$25390

$23270

$20270

Long-term Care Roles

Allied Health Roles

Community and Public Health Roles

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles

All Other Frontline Roles

lt$25900$26000ndash 30900

$31000ndash 40900

$41000ndash 50000+

OCCUPATIONAL ROLES

Occupatio

nal V

aria

tion

| W

ag

e C

om

paris

ons

22 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 14 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Occupational Roles

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

MEAN ANNUAL

Radiologic Technologists and TechniciansOccupational Health and Safety Specialists

Mental Health Counselors

Surgical TechnologistsHealth Educators

Recreational TherapistsSubstance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational NursesCardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Pharmacy TechniciansMedical and Public Health Social Workers

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Medical TranscriptionistsNursing Aides Orderlies and AttendantsChild Family and School Social Workers

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social WorkersRehabilitation Counselors

Medical and Clinical Laboratory TechniciansEmergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Dietetic TechniciansPhysical Therapist Aides

Physical Therapist AssistantsOccupational Therapist Assistants

Dental AssistantsRespiratory Therapy Technicians

Social and Human Service AssistantsPsychiatric Technicians

Personal and Home Care Aides

Medical AssistantsPharmacy Aides

Home Health AidesPsychiatric Aides

$45900

$54410

$36630

$35560

$43150

$34780

$35170

$35580

$40770

$25150

$42250

$28160

$29530

$21890

$38280

$36620

$30820

$32820

$27940

$25390

$23270

$38050

$38550

$29570

$37840

$26300

$28710

$17560

$25860

$20270

$19200

$23770

20ndash25

15ndash20

10ndash15

5ndash10

lt$25900$26000- 30900

$31000- 40900

$41000- 50000+

PERCENT WAGE GAIN 2000ndash2004

Occupatio

nal V

aria

tion

| W

ag

e C

om

paris

ons

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 23

Figure 15 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Percent Wage Gain Across Occupations

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Occupatio

nal V

aria

tion

| W

ag

e C

om

paris

ons

24 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

MEAN ANNUAL

Health EducatorsCardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Emergency Medical Technicians and ParamedicsMental Health CounselorsRehabilitation Counselors

Occupational Health and Safety SpecialistsRecreational Therapists

Social and Human Service AssistantsDietetic Technicians

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Child Family and School Social WorkersSubstance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Psychiatric TechniciansMedical Records and Health Information Technicians

Medical and Public Health Social Workers

Medical and Clinical Laboratory TechniciansPhysical Therapist Assistants

Occupational Therapist AssistantsPhysical Therapist Aides

Psychiatric AidesDental AssistantsPharmacy Aides

Pharmacy TechniciansRespiratory Therapy Technicians

Radiologic Technologists and TechniciansMedical Transcriptionists

Surgical TechnologistsMedical Assistants

Nursing Aides Orderlies and AttendantsLicensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Home Health AidesPersonal and Home Care Aides

$43150

$40770

$27940

$36630

$30820

$54410

$34780

$26300

$25390

$36620

$38280

$35170

$28710

$28160

$42250

$32820

$38050

$38550

$23270

$23770

$29570

$20270

$25150

$37840

$45900

$29530

$35560

$25860

$21890

$35580

$19200

$17560

150ndash180

130ndash150

110ndash130

80ndash110

lt$25900$26000ndash 30900

$31000ndash 40900

$41000ndash 50000+

WAGE DIFFERENTIAL 10ndash90 PERCENTILE

Figure 16 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Wage Earnings Range (10thndash90th percentile)

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Occupatio

nal V

aria

tion

| W

ag

e C

om

paris

ons

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 25

Figure 17 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Education Training Levels

MEAN ANNUAL

Home Health AidesNursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Psychiatric AidesPhysical Therapist Aides

Pharmacy AidesPersonal and Home Care Aides

Social and Human Service AssistantsDietetic Technicians

Pharmacy TechniciansPsychiatric Technicians

Dental AssistantsMedical Assistants

Emergency Medical Technicians and ParamedicsRespiratory Therapy Technicians

Surgical TechnologistsLicensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Medical Transcriptionists

Medical and Clinical Laboratory TechniciansCardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Radiologic Technologists and TechniciansMedical Records and Health Information Technicians

Occupational Therapist AssistantsPhysical Therapist Assistants

Child Family and School Social WorkersMedical and Public Health Social Workers

Recreational TherapistsOccupational Health and Safety Specialists

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder CounselorsMental Health CounselorsRehabilitation Counselors

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social WorkersHealth Educators

$19200

$21890

$23770

$23270

$20270

$17560

$26300

$25390

$25150

$28710

$29570

$25860

$27940

$37840

$35560

$35580

$29530

$32820

$40770

$45900

$28160

$38550

$38050

$38280

$42250

$34780

$54410

$35170

$36630

$30820

$36620

$43150

Short-term On-the-job Training

Moderate-term On-the-job Training

Postsecondary Vocational Award

Associate Degree

Bachelorrsquos Degree

lt$25900$26000ndash 30900

$31000ndash 40900

$41000ndash 50000+

Masterrsquos Degree

EDUCATIONAL LEVEL

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

MEAN ANNUAL

Emergency Medical Technicians and ParamedicsCardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

Physical Therapist AidesPharmacy Technicians

Dietetic TechniciansPsychiatric Technicians

Dental AssistantsSurgical Technologists

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational NursesRespiratory Therapy Technicians

Physical Therapist Assistants

Social and Human Service AssistantsMedical Records and Health Information Technicians

Rehabilitation CounselorsMedical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder CounselorsMental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Mental Health CounselorsChild Family and School Social Workers

Medical and Public Health Social WorkersHealth Educators

Personal and Home Care AidesPharmacy Aides

Medical AssistantsMedical Transcriptionists

Home Health AidesNursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Psychiatric Aides

Recreational TherapistsOccupational Therapist Assistants

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

$27940

$40770

$45900

$23270

$25150

$25390

$28710

$29570

$35560

$35580

$37840

$38050

$26300

$28160

$30820

$32820

$35170

$36620

$36630

$38280

$42250

$43150

$17560

$20270

$25860

$29530

$19200

$21890

$23770

$34780

$38550

$54410

lt20

20ndash30

30ndash40

40ndash50

50ndash60

lt$25900$26000ndash 30900

$31000ndash 40900

$41000ndash 50000+

No demographic data available

PERCENTAGE NON-WHITE WORKERS (AFRICAN AMERICAN HISPANIC ASIAN)

Occupatio

nal V

aria

tion

| W

ag

e C

om

paris

ons

26 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 18 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Percent of Minority Workers Within Occupations

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Occupational Profi les

The following section provides in-depth occupational profi les for each of the 32 occupations in the frontline workforce In particular they show variations in per capita employment growth outlook and wage outlook across states for each occupation

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 27

Allied Health RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles28

Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians 29

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics 32

Medical Assistants 35

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians 38

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians 41

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists 44

Pharmacy Technicians 47

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians 50

Respiratory Therapy Technicians 53

Surgical Technologists 56

Community and Public Health RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles 59

Health Educators 60

Medical and Public Health Social Workers 63

Social and Human Services Assistants 66

Long-term Care RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles 69

Home Health Aides 70

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants 73

Personal and Home Care Aides 76

Mental Health and Substance Abuse RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles 79

Mental Health Counselors 80

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers 83

Psychiatric Aides 86

Psychiatric Technicians 89

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors 92

Other Frontline Occupational RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles 95

Child Family and School Social Workers 96

Dental Assistants 99

Dietetic Technicians 102

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses 105

Medical Transcriptionists 108

Occupational Therapist Assistants 111

Pharmacy Aides 114

Physical Therapist Aides 117

Physical Therapist Assistants 120

Recreational Therapists 123

Rehabilitation Counselors 126

Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Cardiac catheterization technologists

Cardiograph operators

Cardiographers

Cardiology technologists

Cardiopulmonary technologists

Cardiovascular technologists

Echocardiographers

Electrocardiograph operators

Pulmonary function technologists

Radiographers

Technicians EKG

Technicians cardiac monitor

Technicians cardiology

Technicians cardiopulmonary

Technicians cardiovascular

Technicians electrocardigraphic

Technicians holter scanning

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Ambulance driver-paramedics

EMT (emergency medical technicians)

Paramedics

Technicians EMT

Technicians emergency medical

Technicians medical emergency

Medical Assistants Assistants autopsy

Assistants chiropracticchiropractor

Assistants clinic

Assistants doctor other specifi ed or

ns less than associate degree

Assistants hospital clinic

Assistants medical

Assistants ophthalmic

Assistants optometric

Assistants orthopedic

Assistants physician other specifi ed or

ns less than associate degree

Assistants podiatric

Assistants podiatrist

Helpers doctor

Morgue attendants

Ocular care aides

Ophthalmic aides

Optometric aides

Orthopedic cast specialists

Physicianrsquos aides

Visual training aides

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Assistants laboratory ns

Blood typers

Histologic aides

Laboratory workers ns

Technicians ns

Technicians blood or blood bank

Technicians clinical laboratory

Technicians cytogenetic

Technicians hematology

Technicians hemodialysis

Technicians histologic

Technicians histopathology

Technicians laboratory ns

Technicians medical ns

Technicians medical laboratory

Technicians microbiology

Technicians pathological

Technicians serology

Technicians tissue

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Assistants medical record

Disability raters

Health information specialists

Historians

Library historians

Medical care evaluation specialists

Medical record clerks

Medical record consultants

Medical record specialists

Medical records ns

Severity of illness coordinators

Technicians health record

Technicians medical record

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

Adjustment examiners

Chiefs of safety and protection

Dental rating specialists

Environmental health sanitarians

Environmental health technologists

Environmental protection offi cers

Hazardous waste management

specialists

Health offi cers fi eld

Health sanitarians

Industrial hygienists

Industrial safety-and-health specialists

Inspectors ns

Inspectors environmental protection

Inspectors health

Inspectors industrial waste

Inspectors occupational safety and health

Inspectors quarantine

Inspectors rabies

Inspectors safety analysis or research

Inspectors safety work environment

Inspectors sanitarian

Inspectors sanitary

Inspectors sanitation

Inspectors tick

Inspectors water

Medical safety directors

Occupational health and safety

specialists

Public health service offi cers

Radiation protection specialists

Radiological health specialists

Sanitarians

Sanitation offi cers

Venereal disease investigators

Pharmacy Technicians Technicians pharmacist

Technicians pharmacy

Technicians pharmacy laboratory

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

CAT scanner operators

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

technologists

Radiologic technologists

Skiagraphers

Technicians MRI

(magnetic resonance imaging)

Technicians X ray

Technicians radiologic

Technicians radiological health

X ray operators

Respiratory Therapy TechniciansTechnicians oxygen equipment

Technicians oxygen therapy

Technicians respiratory therapy

Surgical Technologists

Surgical orderlies

Surgical technicians

Technicians operating room

Technicians scrub

Technicians surgical

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s

28 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Allied Health RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles

ns = not specifi ed

Allied Health Roles

Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 29

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Card

iovascula

r Technolo

gis

ts a

nd

Technic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 29

Additional Findings

bull Cardiovascular technologists can deliver their services to patients in any medical setting that provides the necessary supervision of a doctor of medicine or osteopathy (American Medical Association 2005)

bull A vast majority of cardiovascular technologists and technicians work in medical and surgical hospitals while others work in offi ces of physicians and federal government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 43000 2265 Average Annual Openings2012 58000

35 Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 642 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 358 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 19 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

1914ndash37901545ndash18941192ndash1505499ndash1178Data not available

(Median = 1545)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

NH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

VT

WY

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Card

iovascula

r Technolo

gis

ts a

nd

Technic

ians

30 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 20 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

MS

NC

NHWI

AZ

UT

WA

DC

PA

KY

High

IdahoNevadaArizonaColoradoUtah

598

583

572

566

519

Low

WashingtonAlabamaSouth CarolinaPennsylvaniaDistrict of Columbia

209

205

174

165

107

Growth Rate

High

District of ColumbiaPennsylvaniaWashingtonUtahKentucky

667

536

533

500

469

Low

North CarolinaMississippiNew HampshireWisconsinArizona

286

267

250

250

237

Replacement Need (in percent)

NV

ID

UTCO

AZ

AL

WA

PA

HI

HI

DC

SC

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Card

iovascula

r Technolo

gis

ts a

nd

Technic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 31

Figure 21 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

$42

710

$39

330

$42

430

$35

680

$33

720

$33

480

$31

940

$34

300

$33

820

$30

620

428 409 366 332 324

37 36

-13 -14

Maine Alabama Nevada Indiana North Dakota

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

$44

400

$31

150

$29

880

$32

170

$31

940

Connecticut Oklahoma Montana Kentucky South Carolina

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$43

570

$29

050

$38

640

$35

420

$39

450

-56

Allied Health Roles

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Em

erg

ency M

ed

ical Te

chnic

ians a

nd

Para

med

ics

32 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull A vast majority of employed workers in this category are non-Hispanic White (86) a recognized cultural competency issue for the profession given that the current demographic profi le of the US population identifi es over 32 of Americans as part of an ethnic minority (Committee on the Future of Emergency Care in the United States Health System 2006)

bull In rural areas training for EMTs and paramedics is increasingly offered through distance learning courses recent data show a three-fold increase between 2000 and 2004 of students taking an entire program using distance education resources (National Rural Health Association 2005)

bull Emergency medical technicians and paramedics work primarily in ambulatory health care services local government institutions and medical and surgical hospitals (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 179000 7987 Average Annual Openings2012 238000

33 Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 743 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 257 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 22 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

8066ndash123976536ndash80105120ndash64052253ndash5013

(Median = 6536)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Em

erg

ency M

ed

ical Te

chnic

ians a

nd

Para

med

ics

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 33

Figure 23 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

MN

AZNM

VA

VT

DC

OR

High

ArizonaColoradoNevadaNew MexicoUtah

1086

486

443

402

389

Low

MassachusettsOregonConnecticutMichiganDistrict of Columbia

161

159

129

127

00

High

District of ColumbiaMassachusettsOregonWyomingHawaii

1000

608

600

600

500

Low

VirginiaVermontMinnesotaNew MexicoArizona

238

235

228

180

97

NV

UTCO

AZ NM

CTMI

OR

HI

HI

DC

MA

MA

WY

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Em

erg

ency M

ed

ical Te

chnic

ians a

nd

Para

med

ics

34 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 24 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

$26

960

$33

290

$37

260

$25

060

$35

960

$30

620

$38

240

$41

360

$32

510

$36

750

457 432 418 413 384

04

-21-14

04

North Dakota Rhode Island Maryland Wyoming Hawaii

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

$30

470

$35

240

$31

940

$41

980

$36

980

West Virginia Wisconsin Alabama California Oregon

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$19

650

$22

380

$21

150

$27

460

$29

260

-72 -175

Allied Health Roles

Medical Assistants

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical A

ssis

tants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 35

Additional Findings

bull In 2004 medical assistants were reported among the top fi ve fastest-growing occupations (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment Statistics 2004)

bull Currently there is no generalized state or national licensure for medical assistants although many employers prefer or require that employees be certifi ed with the American Association of Medical Assistants Certifi ed Medical Assistant (CMA) credential

bull A majority of medical assistants work in offi ces of physicians while others work in medical and surgical hospitals and offi ces of other health practitioners (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 365000 28226 Average Annual Openings2012 579000

59 Medical Assistants Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 761 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 239 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 25 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

14305ndash2908012025ndash142958992ndash116512204ndash8370

(Median = 12025)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical A

ssis

tants

36 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 26 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

AZAR

UT

ID

DC

OR

NE

CO

AK

WA

High

IdahoArizonaWyomingArkansasUtah

810

785

727

718

694

Low

North DakotaNebraskaDistrict of ColumbiaOregonWashington

383

312

312

238

203

High

OregonWashingtonColoradoAlaskaNebraska

552

494

466

375

372

Low

UtahArkansasWyomingArizonaIdaho

207

202

200

191

189

UT

ID

WY

ARAZ

OR

WA

ND

NE

HI

HI

DC

WY

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical A

ssis

tants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 37

Figure 27 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

16172005

Idaho Delaware Rhode Island Washington New Mexico

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Connecticut North Dakota New York Alaska Vermont

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$28

430

$27

670

$26

650

$29

870

$24

440

$32

770

$39

050

$38

240

$40

860

$33

000

295 283 211 190 189

-35

$44

400

$30

620

$43

590

$42

170

$34

650

$29

920

$21

840

$27

160

$31

370

$26

250

Allied Health Roles

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical a

nd

Clin

ical L

ab

ora

tory

Technic

ians

38 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull Although salaries for medical and clinical laboratory technicians have shown moderate gains over time they are not equivalent to other health professions Many laboratory technicians report feeling overworked and underpaid and end up leaving to become physicianrsquos assistants (Koele 2004)

bull Due to closures of many hospital-based training programs the pipeline to employment for laboratory technicians has deteriorated though recent studies show renewed student interest and local efforts to restart or build new training programs to meet workforce demand (National Center for Health Workforce Analysis 2005)

bull A majority of medical and clinical laboratory technicians work in medical and surgical hospitals while others work in medical and diagnostic laboratories and offi ces of physicians (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 147000 6841 Average Annual Openings2012 176000

20 Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 419 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 581 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 28 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

5985ndash92625089ndash58634096ndash49431803ndash4059

(Median = 5089)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical a

nd

Clin

ical L

ab

ora

tory

Technic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 39

Figure 29 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

AZ

UTNV

ID

DC

SC

PA

High

ArizonaUtahIdahoNevadaColorado

528

375

370

329

296

Low

New YorkSouth CarolinaConnecticutPennsylvaniaDistrict of Columbia

84

79

69

61

00

High

District of ColumbiaHawaiiPennsylvaniaSouth CarolinaConnecticut

1000

1000

817

800

775

Low

UtahIdahoNevadaArizonaNorth Dakota

444

421

375

338

267

UT

ID

NV

CO

AZ

NY

PA

SC

HI

HI

DC

CT

ND

CT

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical a

nd

Clin

ical L

ab

ora

tory

Technic

ians

40 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 30 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Illinois Louisiana Georgia New Hampshire Virginia

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Connecticut Delaware New Mexico Utah Nevada

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

01

2639

-61

$37

200

$29

230

$30

050

$41

100

$31

550

$38

580

$31

230

$35

840

$37

450

$39

130

293 238 231 219 204

-63

$44

400

$39

050

$33

000

$34

110

$34

300

$37

970

$29

610

$33

810

$23

460

$32

100

Allied Health Roles

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical R

ecord

s a

nd

Health

Info

rmatio

n Te

chnic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 41

Additional Findings

bull In 2002 the American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA) identifi ed educational capacity as a key issue for this occupational group They estimate that 6000 new medical records and health information specialists are needed annually but only 2000 graduate from training programs each year

bull The median age is high at 46 a strong indication of potential retirement replacement problems (American Health Information Management Association 2002)

bull Medical records and health information technicians work primarily in medical and surgical hospitals and offi ces of physicians as well as nursing care facilities and outpatient care centers (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 147000 8974 Average Annual Openings2012 216000

47 Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 766 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 234 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 31 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

6727ndash157105512ndash65334765ndash55012798ndash4614

(Median = 5512)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical R

ecord

s a

nd

Health

Info

rmatio

n Te

chnic

ians

42 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 32 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

AZ

AK

GA

NV

ID

DC

WA

OR

CO

High

ArizonaNevadaIdahoGeorgiaColorado

731

670

628

599

591

Low

PennsylvaniaOregonNew HampshireDistrict of ColumbiaWashington

266

249

245

201

192

High

OregonNew HamshireColoradoWashingtonDistrict of Columbia

517

473

466

436

429

Low

NevadaGeorgiaIdahoArizonaAlaska

189

186

180

164

50

ID

NV

CO

GA

AZ

WA

NH

NH

OR

PA

HI

HI

DC

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical R

ecord

s a

nd

Health

Info

rmatio

n Te

chnic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 43

Figure 33 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

District of Columbia New Jersey Nevada Wisconsin Virginia

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Arizona Alaska Louisiana Hawaii Vermont

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-073479

-60

$35

890

$37

350

$31

170

$28

130

$28

990

$57

980

$43

040

$34

300

$35

240

$39

130

322 305 279 257 236

-64

$34

880

$42

170

$31

230

$36

750

$34

650

$27

200

$31

470

$22

440

$31

100

$28

000

Allied Health Roles

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Occup

atio

nal H

ealth

and

Safe

ty S

pecia

lists

44 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull Reports show there is a growing trend toward advanced degrees for occupational health and safety specialists (Brauer 2004)

bull While there are no cited shortages or high rates of vacancy for this occupation there are indications of layoffs by manufacturing companies due to downsizing and outsourcing of their safety personnel (Adams et al 2004)

bull Occupational health and safety specialists work in a variety of settings including local government institutions residential mental health facilities state government institutions and medical and surgical hospitals (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 41000 1442 Average Annual Openings2012 47000

15 Occupational Health and Safety Specialists Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 377 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 623 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 34 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

1942ndash37651514ndash19331209ndash1495656ndash1167Data not available

(Median = 1505)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

NM

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Occup

atio

nal H

ealth

and

Safe

ty S

pecia

lists

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 45

Figure 35 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

ID

CO

IA

OK

NC

DC

ND

UT

TN

WV

High

NevadaIdahoUtahArizonaCalifornia

290

268

206

205

200

Low

PennsylvaniaConnecticutDistrict of ColumbiaSouth CarolinaWest Virginia

60

58

37

13

07

High

North DakotaTennesseeUtahWest VirginiaConnecticut

1000

1000

1000

857

800

Low

IdahoIowaNorth CarolinaOklahomaColorado

500

500

500

500

440

ID

NV

UTCA

AZ

PA

SC

WV

HI

HI

DC

CT

CT

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Occup

atio

nal H

ealth

and

Safe

ty S

pecia

lists

46 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 36 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Mississippi Arkansas District of Columbia Illinois Wisconsin

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

North Dakota Utah Alabama Alaska Oklahoma

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$48

580

$48

460

$76

790

$63

010

$51

570

$28

630

$29

560

$57

980

$38

580

$35

240

492 452 429 426 421

-12

1276

-36 -40

$30

620

$34

110

$31

940

$42

170

$31

150

$48

760

$52

760

$47

860

$69

920

$48

950

Allied Health Roles

Pharmacy Technicians

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Pharm

acy Te

chnic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 47

Additional Findings

bull Since its inception in 1995 the Pharmacy Technician Certifi cation Board (PTCB) has certifi ed 231745 pharmacy technicians (2005)

bull Unlike most other frontline occupations pharmacy technicians work primarily in retail settings such as health and personal care stores and grocery stores while others work in medical and surgical hospitals (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 211000 8819 Average Annual Openings2012 271000

28 Pharmacy Technicians Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 688 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 312 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 37 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

8297ndash101047614ndash81336469ndash75674407ndash6245

(Median = 7614)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Pharm

acy Te

chnic

ians

48 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 38 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

CO

WA

OR

DC

UT

ID

NV

AZ

High

NevadaAlaskaUtahColoradoIdaho

624

583

554

515

506

Low

PennsylvaniaNew YorkWashingtonRhode IslandDistrict of Columbia

191

190

179

179

50

High

District of ColumbiaMassachusettsOregonColoradoWashington

750

519

505

467

423

Low

IdahoArizonaNevadaUtahWyoming

217

207

176

167

00

ID

NV

AK

UTCO

PA

NY

WA

HI

HI

DC

RI

MA

WY

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Pharm

acy Te

chnic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 49

Figure 39 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

District of Columbia Connecticut Alabama Arizona Maine

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Kentucky Pennsylvania California Vermont Delaware

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

102 99 79 76 67

$32

170

$35

970

$41

980

$34

650

$39

050

$22

030

$21

300

$33

090

$22

760

$20

270

$31

190

$28

000

$21

520

$26

350

$23

870

$57

980

$44

400

$31

940

$34

880

$33

480

320 272 259 253 251

Allied Health Roles

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Rad

iolo

gic

Technolo

gis

ts a

nd

Technic

ians

50 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull According to a 2003 report by the American Society of Radiologic Technologists in addition to an aging workforce the fi eld of radiologic technology has fewer people entering the profession as it competes with careers that are perceived to be more rewarding and less stressful

bull One of the priorities of the American Society of Radiologic Technologists (2004) is passage of the Consumer Assurance of Radiologic Excellence (CARE) Act which has garnered support in Congress to establish nationwide educational and credentialing standards for medical imaging and radiation therapy personnel

bull A majority of radiologic technologists and technicians work in either medical and surgical hospitals or offi ces of physicians while others work in medical and diagnostic laboratories (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 174000 7246 Average Annual Openings2012 214000

48 Radiologic Technologists and Technicians Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 551 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 449 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 40 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

7246ndash104546299ndash71895262ndash62634116ndash5208

(Median = 6299)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Rad

iolo

gic

Technolo

gis

ts a

nd

Technic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 51

Figure 41 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due toReplacement Need

SC

PA

KY

IL

DC

AK

ID

NV

AZ

High

ArizonaIdahoNevadaUtahColorado

507

460

416

392

364

Low

KentuckyIllinoisSouth CarolinaPennsylvaniaDistrict of Columbia

122

122

70

64

26

High

District of ColumbiaSouth CarolinaPennsylvaniaIllinoisKentucky

833

750

743

608

604

Low

NevadaIdahoArizonaAlaskaWyoming

304

294

270

100

00

ID

NV

UT

AZ

CO

PA

SC

IL

KY

HI

HI

DC

WY

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Rad

iolo

gic

Technolo

gis

ts a

nd

Technic

ians

52 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 42 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Missouri Maine Massachusetts Montana Louisiana

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

South Carolina Alabama Delaware North Dakota Tennessee

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$54

220

$45

960

$57

070

$41

150

$41

210

$34

460

$33

480

$45

290

$29

880

$31

230

606 363 353 352 325

152 143 54 37

-07

-07

$31

940

$31

940

$39

050

$30

620

$32

730

$42

650

$38

650

$42

260

$35

880

$41

260

Allied Health Roles

Respiratory Therapy Technicians

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Resp

irato

ry T

hera

py Te

chnic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 53

Additional Findings

bull The vacancy rate for respiratory care professionals in hospitals increased from 596 percent in 2000 to 865 percent in 2005 This translates to approximately 11695 vacant full-time positions in 2005 (American Association for Respiratory Care 2006)

bull Respiratory therapy technicians work closely with respiratory therapists and almost exclusively in medical and surgical hospitals with a small percentage working in offi ces of physicians or other health practitioners (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 25000 1249 Average Annual Openings2012 35000

40 Respiratory Therapy Technicians Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 725 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 275 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 43 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

1287ndash2977965ndash1245665ndash937272ndash647Data not available

(Median = 965)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VT

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

WY

SDNH

ND

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Resp

irato

ry T

hera

py Te

chnic

ians

54 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 44 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

OR

CO

IA PA

DC

UT

ID

NV

AZ

MS

High

AlaskaColoradoIdahoNevadaUtah

731

579

578

533

533

Low

WashingtonSouth CarolinaAlabamaPennsylvaniaDistrict of Columbia

182

179

167

164

161

High

OregonIowaColoradoMassachusettsPennsylvania

550

500

476

472

455

Low

MissisippiIdahoArizonaNevadaUtah

214

211

155

100

00

ID

NV

AK

UTCO

PA

SC

AL

NY

WA

HI

HI

DC

MA

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Resp

irato

ry T

hera

py Te

chnic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 55

Figure 45 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Idaho Colorado Maine Illinois Pennsylvania

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

South Carolina District of Columbia Montana Maryland Wyoming

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$41

140

$39

460

$40

080

$38

420

$38

740

$32

770

$39

820

$33

480

$38

580

$35

970

513 419 343 338 300

-06 -06 -78 -117 -141

$31

940

$57

980

$29

880

$41

360

$32

510

$35

150

$36

960

$31

520

$51

860

$31

010

Allied Health Roles

Surgical Technologists

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Surg

ical Te

chnolo

gis

ts

56 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull According to the Association of Surgical Technologists in 2006 many employers prefer to hire graduates from two-year associate degree programs accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP)

bull The Association of Surgical Technologists has developed recommended Clinical Ladders to provide a long-term occupational strategy to decrease attrition increase skill levels and enhance quality patient surgical care (2006)

bull A vast majority of surgical technologists work in medical and surgical hospitals while others work in offi ces of physicians or dentists (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 72000 2959 Average Annual Openings2012 92000

28 Surgical Technologists Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 682 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 318 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 46 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

3143ndash53312591ndash31242090ndash24941202ndash2081Data not available

(Median = 2591)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

WY

SDNH

VT

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Surg

ical Te

chnolo

gis

ts

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 57

Figure 47 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

OR

AK

SC

PA

DC

NHID

NV

AZ

MS

High

ArizonaColoradoNevadaIdahoUtah

637

500

492

477

472

Low

New YorkWyomingPennsylvaniaSouth CarolinaDistrict of Columbia

187

167

115

114

63

High

District of ColumbiaAlaskaSouth CarolinaOregonPennsylvania

667

600

575

533

529

Low

MissisippiNew HampshireIdahoNevadaArizona

245

231

214

200

167

ID

NV

AZ

UTCO

PA

SC

NY

WY

HI

HI

DC

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Surg

ical Te

chnolo

gis

ts

58 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 48 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Wisconsin Georgia Maine Montana Arizona

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Oklahoma District of Columbia Utah Hawaii Idaho

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$39

700

$31

320

$34

670

$37

240

$40

830

$35

240

$35

840

$33

480

$29

880

$34

880

322 307 304 297 287

-03 -13

77 66 38$31

150

$57

980

$34

110

$36

750

$32

770

$28

500

$35

390

$29

570

$34

270

$35

910

Health Educators Health educators

Public health advisors

Public health analysts

Public health educators

Public health instructors

Public health representatives

Public health specialists

Public health technologists

Medical and Public Health Social Workers

Bereavement counselors

Geriatric social workers

Group social workers

Health care social workers

Home health care social workers

Hospice social workers

Hospital social workers

Long term care social workers

Medical case workers

Medical social consultants

Medical social workers

Neonatal social workers

Nephrology social workers

Nursing home social workers

Older adult social work specialists

Oncology social workers

Outreach and education social workers

Pediatric social workers

Perinatal social workers

Public health social workers

Public welfare workers

Renal social workers

Social and Human Service Assistants

Aides welfare

Assistants clinical

Assistants human services

Assistants social services

Boyrsquos advisors counselors or workers

Case aides

Case work aides

Childrenrsquos aides

Clerical aides

Clinical social work aides

Community aides

Community coordinators

Community development aides

Community development workers

Community organization aides

Community service workers

Counseling aides

Family service aides

Field representatives

Field workers

Group workers

Head workers

Home visitors

House visitors

Human services workers

Management aides

Neighborhood aides

Neighborhood coordinators

Neighborhood workers

Promotores

Outreach workers

Red cross workers

Service aides

Social contact workers

Social service workers

Technicians human service

Travelersrsquo aid workers

Visitors

Welfare service aides

Welfare visitors

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 59

Community and Public Health Roles Frontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles

Community and Public Health Roles

Health Educators

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Health

Ed

ucato

rs

60 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull The average age of the total public health workforce of which health educators are a key element is estimated at 47 indicating a looming retirement problem (Mahan and Malecki 2004)

bull The health educator occupational group is noted for persistent shortages and cited as a top priority within the public health infrastructure (Northwest Center for Public Health Practice University of Washington 2002)

bull Health educators work in a variety of settings including medical and surgical hospitals local government institutions individual and family services and state government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 45000 1759 Average Annual Openings2012 54000

20 Health Educators Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 554 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 446 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 49 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

2048ndash66941482ndash20111041ndash14211414ndash1019Data not available

(Median = 1482)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

WY

SDNH

VT

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Health

Ed

ucato

rs

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 61

Figure 50 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

MINY

WV DC

NV

SD

NC

AL

High

UtahNevadaColoradoArizonaFlorida

464

450

333

315

298

Low

New YorkRhode IslandMichiganSouth CarolinaDistrict of Columbia

115

112

89

59

24

High

District of ColumbiaMichiganRhode IslandWest VirginiaNew York

875

667

667

667

600

Low

AlabamaNorth CarolinaSouth DakotaConnecticutNevada

333

333

333

300

100

FL

NV

AZ

UTCO

MI

SC

NY

HI

HI

DC

RI

RICT

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Health

Ed

ucato

rs

62 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 51 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Tennessee Connecticut Oregon New Hampshire Georgia

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

New Jersey Nevada Mississippi West Virgina Arizona

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$53

100

$49

190

$44

400

$42

320

$50

460

$32

730

$44

400

$36

980

$37

450

$35

840

743 375 357 311 311

-123 -126

01

-19-41

$43

040

$34

300

$28

630

$30

470

$34

880

$46

310

$41

380

$34

470

$25

140

$39

650

Community and Public Health Roles

Medical and Public Health Social Workers

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical a

nd

Pub

lic H

ealth

Socia

l Work

ers

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 63

Additional Findings

bull A national study indicates that 80 of the licensed social worker respondents held a masterrsquos degree in social work 12 reported a bachelorrsquos as their highest attained social work degree (National Association of Social Workers 2005)

bull The same study showed that nearly 62 of the licensed social work profession is over age 45 and 12 report plans to leave the workforce in the next 2 years (National Association of Social Workers 2005)

bull Medical and public health social workers work primarily in medical and surgical hospitals along with individual and family services nursing care facilities local government institutions and home health care services (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 107000 4906 Average Annual Openings2012 138000

29 Medical and Public Health Social Workers Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 626 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 374 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 52 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

4736ndash92583504ndash47292781ndash34911620ndash2746

(Median = 3504)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical a

nd

Pub

lic H

ealth

Socia

l Work

ers

64 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 53 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

WA

AK

AL

PA

DC

ID

UT

AZ

KS

High

ArizonaIdahoNevadaUtahNew Hampshire

551

489

453

452

450

Low

WashingtonNebraskaAlabamaPennsylvaniaDistrict of Columbia

196

196

161

149

50

High

District of ColumbiaWyomingPennsylvaniaAlabamaWashington

727

600

535

526

469

Low

IdahoUtahKansasArizonaAlaska

273

250

238

235

100

ID

NV

AZ

UT

NH

PANE

AL

WA

HI

HI

DC

WY

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical a

nd

Pub

lic H

ealth

Socia

l Work

ers

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 65

Figure 54 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Tennessee Delaware Nebraska Hawaii Illinois

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Alabama North Carolina Missouri South Carolina Mississippi

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$44

490

$47

620

$36

710

$54

710

$39

680

$32

730

$39

050

$33

060

$36

750

$38

580

445 410 367 361 346

69 6429

-23 -72

$31

940

$34

120

$34

460

$31

940

$28

630

$32

980

$38

520

$36

970

$33

760

$31

770

Community and Public Health Roles

Social and Human Services Assistants

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Socia

l and

Hum

an S

erv

ices A

ssis

tants

66 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull There is a growing awareness that social and human services assistants are very effective at linking different communities and agencies and can be powerful change agents (Keane et al 2004)

bull Estimated turnover among social and human services assistants is high especially for those without formal academic preparation Some studies cite annual attrition rates as high as 77 (Bhattacharyya et al 2001)

bull Social and human services assistants work in a variety of settings including individual and family services state government institutions local government institutions and residential mental health facilities (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 305000 20245 Average Annual Openings2012 454000

49 Social and Human Services Assistants Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 735 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 265 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 55 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

18933ndash4563912705ndash182137872ndash115593311ndash7803

(Median = 12705)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Socia

l and

Hum

an S

erv

ices A

ssis

tants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 67

Figure 56 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

WA

ND

OR

DC

IDSD

UT

AZ

NV

High

IdahoNevadaArizonaUtahMaine

767

708

644

636

630

Low

MississippiNorth DakotaDistrict of ColumbiaWashingtonOregon

285

257

237

196

154

High

OregonWashingtonColoradoDistrict of ColumbiaNorth Dakota

520

489

463

430

414

Low

South DakotaArizonaNevadaUtahIdaho

217

216

206

206

187

ID

NV

AZ

UT

MEND

MS

WA

OR

HI

HI

DC

CO

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Socia

l and

Hum

an S

erv

ices A

ssis

tants

68 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 57 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Louisiana Connecticut Michigan Arizona Massachusetts

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

North Dakota Iowa Tennessee Washington Texas

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$28

750

$37

220

$31

740

$29

050

$30

060

$31

230

$44

400

$39

590

$34

880

$45

290

597 300 294 265 199

33 32 20

-39 -184

$30

620

$31

990

$32

730

$40

860

$35

310

$21

490

$24

320

$24

920

$23

690

$18

450

Home Health Aides Home attendants

Home health aides

Nursersquos companions

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Aides ns

Assistants ns

Assistants certifi ed nursing

Assistants nurse

Assistants nursing

Assistants operating room

Attendant nurses

Baby nurses

Birth attendants

CNA (certifi ed nursing assistants)

CNA activity ns

CNA with medical or nursing

Cart attendants

Doulas

First aid attendants

First aid nurses

Gericare aides

Health aides

Health care aides

Helpers ns

Helpers ward

Hospice aides

Hospice entrance attendants

Hospital aides

Hospital attendants

Hospital corpsmen

Hospital orderlies

Infi rmary attendants

Institutional aides

Medical aides

Medical attendants

Medication aides

Midwives

New patient escorts

Nurses other specifi ed or ns

less than high school diploma

Nurse sitters

Nursersquos aides

Nursery attendants

Nursing aides

Operating room orderlies

Orderlies

Patient care excluding nursing

Patient escorts

Patient sitters

Patient sitters cleaning

Patient transporters

Student nurses

Surgical aides

Teacher orderlies

Technicians aides

Technicians certifi ed medication

Technicians nurse less than associate

degree

Technicians nursery

Trained attendants

Transporters

Ward aides

Ward attendants

Personal and Home Care AidesAides ns

Blind aides

Blind escorts

Caregivers

Caretakers family member

Companions

Convalescent sitters

Direct care staffers

Geriatric aides

Guardian family members

Home care aides

Homemakers

Nutrition aides

Personal attendants

Sitters excluding animal or child care

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 69

Long-Term Care RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles

ns = not specifi ed

Additional Findings

bull Within the frontline workforce as presented in this chartbook long-term care employees (of which home health aides are a subset) comprise the largest percentage of ethnic minority workers with half identifi ed as an ethnic minority 35 African American and 13 Latino (Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Population Survey 2005)

bull While turnover of long-term-care workers has been understood to be a serious problem only a few studies have thoroughly identifi ed the actual per worker costs of turnover with some researchers indicating further studies are needed to better inform and address turnover issues (Seavey 2004)

bull Home health aides work primarily in home health care services residential mental health facilities community care facilities for the elderly and individual and family services (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Long-term Care Roles

Home Health Aides

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 580000 35497 Average Annual Openings2012 859000

48 Home Health Aides Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 786 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 214 Replacements

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Hom

e H

ealth

Aid

es

70 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 58 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

22152ndash5917718257ndash2208212701ndash179266526ndash12368Data not available

(Median = 18091)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

CO

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Hom

e H

ealth

Aid

es

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 71

Figure 59 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

KS

UT

ID

AZ

MN

ND

DC

SC

High

ArizonaUtahIdahoGeorgiaMaryland

690

688

631

528

518

Low

NebraskaOregonNorth DakotaWashingtonConnecticut

266

239

229

213

189

High

ConnecticutWashingtonNorth DakotaOregonWyoming

416

402

367

367

367

Low

KansasUtahIdahoArizonaRhode Island

200

176

173

159

26

ID

UT

AZ

GA

ND

WA

OR

MD

CT

HI

HI

DC

NE

CTRIWY

WA

OR

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Hom

e H

ealth

Aid

es

72 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 60 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

$22

490

$19

260

$17

800

$20

110

$21

500

$36

750

$30

620

$29

560

$29

080

$34

300

348 221 220 220 213

-46 -102 -114 -148 -152

Hawaii North Dakota Arkansas South Dakota Nevada

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

$44

400

$35

310

$31

230

$39

820

$28

630

Connecticut Texas Louisiana Colorado Mississippi

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$25

320

$14

680

$16

400

$19

600

$16

170

Additional Findings

bull Some studies estimate over 25 of certifi ed nursing assistants (CNAs) in nursing homes have no health insurance compared with 16 of all US workers (General Accounting Offi ce 2001)

bull Nursing aides orderlies and attendants work primarily in nursing care facilities and also may work in medical and surgical hospitals and community care facilities for the elderly (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Long-term Care Roles

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 1375000 52299 Average Annual Openings2012 1718000

25 Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 655 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 345 Replacements

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Nurs

ing A

ides O

rderlie

s a

nd

Atte

nd

ants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 73

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 61 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

65204ndash9321651946ndash6457241418ndash5116226080ndash40279

(Median = 51946)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Nurs

ing A

ides O

rderlie

s a

nd

Atte

nd

ants

74 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 62 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

NV

UT

ID

AZ

MN

NY

DC

SC

High

ArizonaNevadaIdahoUtahHawaii

502

454

451

417

344

Low

New YorkMinnesotaConnecticutDistrict of ColumbiaSouth Carolina

146

145

93

58

40

High

South CarolinaDistrict of ColumbiaConnecticutNew YorkMinnesota

799

695

585

475

475

Low

HawaiiUtahIdahoNevadaArizona

250

239

225

224

207

NV

ID

UT

AZ

MN

NY

CT

HI

HI

DC

SC

CT

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Nurs

ing A

ides O

rderlie

s a

nd

Atte

nd

ants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 75

Figure 63 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

$20

920

$23

910

$21

130

$20

210

$18

750

$32

510

$41

980

$33

780

$30

620

$35

310

233 205 194 194 190

101 98 92 83 66

Wyoming California Kansas North Dakota Texas

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

$31

940

$28

630

$44

400

$36

980

$43

040

South Carolina Mississippi Connecticut Oregon New Jersey

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$18

830

$16

590

$27

110

$22

560

$24

070

Long-term Care Roles

Personal and Home Care Aides

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Pers

onal a

nd

Hom

e C

are

Aid

es

76 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull A national study found that a ldquogray marketrdquo exists within the long-term-care workforce (workers hired directly by individuals and families who are not counted in most formal surveys) as up to 29 of workers providing long-term-care assistance to the Medicare population in the home are self-employed (Leon and Franco 1998)

bull A report indicates that 40ndash45 of home care aides lack health insurance (Lipson and Regan 2004)

bull Personal and home care aides work in a variety of settings including home health care services individual and family services and residential mental health facilities (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 608000 34327 Average Annual Openings2012 854000

41 Personal and Home Care Aides Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 716 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 284 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 64 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

24377ndash4697716307ndash2345211381ndash159584379ndash11357Data not available

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

OR

WA

(Median = 16307)

ID

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Pers

onal a

nd

Hom

e C

are

Aid

es

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 77

Figure 65 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

WA

ND

NE

CO

OR

DC

NVUT

NM

High

UtahNevadaMaineNew MexicoMinnesota

637

563

546

533

519

Low

District of ColumbiaMichiganOregonNebraskaNorth Dakota

225

224

214

181

157

High

North DakotaColoradoNebraskaOregonWashington

507

464

462

450

432

Low

MinnesotaMaineNew MexicoNevadaUtah

236

227

226

220

176

ME

NV

NM

MN

UT

MI

ND

NE

OR

HI

HI

DC

ME

MN

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Pers

onal a

nd

Hom

e C

are

Aid

es

78 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 66 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Delaware District of Columbia California Vermont Wyoming

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

South Dakota Mississippi Connecticut Tennessee Nevada

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$19

790

$21

630

$21

100

$19

760

$17

280

$39

050

$57

980

$41

980

$34

650

$32

510

321 314 263 198 197

24

-15 -21 -29 -35

$29

080

$28

630

$44

400

$32

730

$34

300

$17

300

$14

190

$20

870

$16

250

$17

670

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 79

Mental Health CounselorsClinical mental health counselors

Mental health counselors

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Alcoholism workers

Clinical social workers

Community mental health workers

Drug abuse workers

Marriage and family social workers

Private practice social workers

Psychiatric social workers

Psychotherapist social workers

Supervisors social work

Psychiatric Aides Charge aides

Charge attendants

Mental health aides

Mental retardation aides

Neuropsychiatric aides

Psychiatric aides

Psychiatric attendants

Psychiatric orderlies

Psychiatric Technicians Technicians mental health

Technicians psychiatric

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Addiction counselors

Alcoholic counselors

Certifi ed abuse and drug addiction

counselors

Certifi ed alcohol and drug counselors

Certifi ed alcohol counselors

Certifi ed drug counselors

Certifi ed substance abuse counselors

Chemical dependency counselors

Drug abuse counselors

Drug and alcohol testers

Drug counselors

Human relations counselors drug or

alcohol abuse

Substance abuse counselors

Technicians drug abuse

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles Frontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles

Mental Health Counselors

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Menta

l Health

Counselo

rs

80 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull More than 60 of rural Americans live in designated mental health professional shortage areas (Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education Mental Health Program 2004)

bull Mental health counselors work in a variety of settings including outpatient care centers individual and family services and local government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 85000 4198 Average Annual Openings2012 107000

26 Mental Health Counselors Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 538 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 462 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 67 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

4624ndash143452642ndash46131992ndash2614617ndash1985Data not available

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

(Median = 2642)

SC

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Menta

l Health

Counselo

rs

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 81

Figure 68 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

MI

DC

AZ

UT

MO

ID

IL

NC

AL

High

MarylandMissouriArizonaIdahoSouth Dakota

458

453

448

411

383

Low

MassachusettsDistrict of ColumbiaMichiganIllinoisLouisiana

141

117

90

90

60

High

HawaiiLouisianaIllinoisMichiganWyoming

1000

750

720

719

700

Low

ArizonaIdahoUtahMarylandMissouri

340

333

333

328

314

AZ

ID

MI

IL

LA

SD

MO

HI

HI

DCMD

MA

MD

LA

WY

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Menta

l Health

Counselo

rs

82 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 69 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Idaho Iowa West Virginia Mississippi South Carolina

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Colorado Nebraska Wisconsin Nevada Utah

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$68

270

$40

620

$34

500

$36

630

$36

720

$32

770

$31

990

$30

470

$28

630

$31

940

1094 862 599 484 426

51

-01-30

-63 -130

$39

820

$33

060

$35

240

$34

300

$34

110

$35

680

$34

230

$45

110

$40

150

$29

120

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Menta

l Health

and

Sub

sta

nce A

buse S

ocia

l Work

ers

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 83

Additional Findings

bull There is an observed potential disconnect particularly in California between the social work services offered and the needs of a population that is culturally diverse and aging (McRee et al 2003)

bull Making mental health and substance abuse care available in rural areas is increasingly important although recruiting to rural areas is particularly diffi cult due to professional isolation lower salaries and limited career opportunities for spouses (Kimerling 2002)

bull Mental health and substance abuse social workers work in a variety of settings including individual and family services outpatient care centers residential mental health facilities local government institutions and psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 95000 4901 Average Annual Openings2012 128000

35 Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 668 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 332 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 70 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

5102ndash105953525ndash44562312ndash3501722ndash2273

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

(Median = 3513)

SC

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Menta

l Health

and

Sub

sta

nce A

buse S

ocia

l Work

ers

84 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 71 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

DC

NV

GA

AR

KS

High

GeorgiaIdahoSouth DakotaNew MexicoArkansas

600

567

467

463

459

Low

District of ColumbiaWashingtonWest VirginiaNorth DakotaLouisiana

152

150

132

123

107

High

North DakotaLouisianaWest VirginiaWashingtonDistrict of Columbia

600

567

548

547

500

Low

ArkansasKansasMassachusettsGeorgiaNevada

267

254

250

233

00

NM

ID

ND

WA

LA

SD

AR

GA

HI

HI

DCWV

MA

LA

WV

ND

WA

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Menta

l Health

and

Sub

sta

nce A

buse S

ocia

l Work

ers

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 85

Figure 72 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Nevada Arizona Kansas Utah West Virginia

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

New Mexico Virginia Alaska Georgia Wyoming

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$54

070

$34

450

$36

450

$40

190

$23

400

$34

300

$34

880

$33

780

$34

110

$30

470

472 378 282 277 261

-56-44 -102 -142 -264

$33

000

$39

130

$42

170

$35

840

$32

510

$32

290

$39

160

$31

960

$33

200

$25

190

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles

Psychiatric Aides

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Psychia

tric A

ides

86 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull There is often very little formal training required for psychiatric aides although many do take part in informal on-the-job training and instruction lasting from several days to several months (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

bull Psychiatric aides work primarily in psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals residential mental health facilities and medical and surgical hospitals (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 59000 1636 Average Annual Openings2012 68000

15 Psychiatric Aides Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 526 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 474 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 73 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

2888ndash145032002ndash28461306ndash1920249ndash1159Data not available

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

VAKY

WI

MI

ILOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

(Median = 2002)

SC

CO

IA

IN

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Psychia

tric A

ides

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 87

Figure 74 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

MI

KY

LA

NY

PA

DC

AZAR

WI

High

ArizonaUtahArkansasNevadaIdaho

517

372

370

350

319

Low

ConnecticutKentuckyDelawareMichiganLouisiana

32

18

00

00

00

High

LouisianaMichiganKentuckyNew YorkPennsylvania

1000

1000

833

778

755

Low

ArkansasWisconsinArizonaConnecticutDelaware

250

250

211

00

00

NV

AZ AR

ID

UT

MI

KY

LA

HI

HI

DC

DE

CT

CT

DE

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Psychia

tric A

ides

88 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 75 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Maine West Virginia Louisiana Alaska Massachusetts

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Virginia Michigan Tennessee Florida Ohio

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$27

710

$18

610

$19

600

$33

850

$27

960

$33

480

$30

470

$31

230

$42

170

$45

290

260 224 208 202 202

-72-59 -79 -100 -280

$39

130

$39

590

$32

730

$33

750

$35

910

$21

770

$25

780

$20

180

$19

780

$20

210

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles

Psychiatric Technicians

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Psychia

tric Te

chnic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 89

Additional Findings

bull As of 2004 only four states (California Colorado Kansas and Arkansas) license psychiatric technicians (California Association of Psychiatric Technicians 2004)

bull Psychiatric technicians work primarily in psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals state government institutions and medical and surgical hospitals (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 60000 1134 Average Annual Openings2012 63000

5 Psychiatric Technicians Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 312 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 688 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 76 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

2381ndash90501675ndash2334933ndash1634229ndash921Data not available

CA

AK

HI

UT

AZ

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

VAKY

WI

MI

ILOH

VT

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

(Median = 1654)

SC

CO

IA

INNV

NM

MO

NH

WY

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Psychia

tric Te

chnic

ians

90 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 77 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

MI

KY

LA

IL

DC

AZ

GA

NC

UT

MT

High

ArizonaNorth CarolinaMontanaNew JerseyMinnesota

451

398

377

375

330

Low

MichiganIllinoisNebraskaDistrict of ColumbiaKentucky

00

00

00

00

00

High

District of ColumbiaIllinoisKentuckyLouisianaMichigan

1000

1000

1000

1000

1000

Low

UtahGeorgiaNorth CarolinaMontanaArizona

333

300

267

250

219

AZ

NC

MTMN

MI

KY

IL

NE

HI

HI

DC

NJ

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Psychia

tric Te

chnic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 91

Figure 78 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Idaho New Mexico Arizona Iowa Texas

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Virginia New Jersey Mississippi Minnesota Oklahoma

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$27

250

$24

080

$28

410

$26

140

$23

540

$32

770

$33

000

$34

880

$31

990

$35

310

430 407 376 359 321

07

-01 -04 -10 -68

$39

130

$43

040

$28

630

$39

840

$31

150

$22

870

$33

690

$19

790

$28

000

$23

400

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Sub

sta

nce A

buse a

nd

Behavio

ral D

isord

er C

ounselo

rs

92 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull It is estimated that more than half of substance abuse treatment professionals are female although 68 of the client population is male Similarly 85 of substance abuse treatment professionals are white compared with a client base that is only 56 white (Mulvey Hubbard and Hayashi 2003)

bull A study of directors and key staff from 175 drug and alcohol treatment programs found particularly high levels of staff turnover among counselors and upper management positions such as program directors (McLellan Carise and Kleber 2003)

bull Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors work in a variety of settings including outpatient care centers residential mental health facilities individual and family services and local government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 67000 3095 Average Annual Openings2012 83000

24 Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 504 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 496 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 79 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

3511ndash131062184ndash34471797ndash2183920ndash1774

(Median = 2184)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Sub

sta

nce A

buse a

nd

Behavio

ral D

isord

er C

ounselo

rs

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 93

Figure 80 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

High

ArizonaUtahKansasNevadaArkansas

400

400

393

360

345

Low

South CarolinaLouisianaDistrict of ColumbiaMichiganNorth Dakota

89

85

82

76

48

High

North DakotaWest VirginiaMichiganLouisianaDistrict of Columbia

857

800

771

750

739

Low

WisconsinCaliforniaArizonaKansasUtah

400

373

361

353

333

NV

UT

AZ

KS

ND

AR

LA

MI

DC

SC

CA UT

AZ

KS

ND

WI

LA

MI

DC

SC

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Sub

sta

nce A

buse a

nd

Behavio

ral D

isord

er C

ounselo

rs

94 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 81 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

$38

880

$42

630

$31

740

$39

160

$47

450

$37

450

$34

880

$31

150

$34

300

$43

040

775 584 525 509 399

New Hampshire Arizona Oklahoma Nevada New Jersey

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

$34

110

$39

050

$34

650

$35

240

$36

750

Utah Delaware Vermont Wisconsin Hawaii

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

09 -52 -87 -138-26

$35

400

$32

910

$38

220

$37

930

$34

510

Child Family and School Social Workers

Adoption agents

Adoption workers

Child abuse workers

Child and family services workers

Child consultants

Child development consultants

Child welfare consultants

Child welfare workers

Childrenrsquos counselors

Family preservation workers

Foster care workers

Juvenile officers

Protective services social workers

School social workers

Dental Assistants Aides ns

Assistants dental

Assistants dentist excluding clerical

Assistants orthodontist

Attendants ns

Dental aides

Dentist attendants

Helpers dentist

Dietetic Technicians Technicians dietary

Technicians dietetic

Technicians food service

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

LP nurses

LPN (licensed practical nurses)

LVN (licensed vocational nurses)

Licensed attendants

Licensed practical nurses

Licensed vocational nurses

Maternity nurses

Nurses other specified or ns

high school diploma or some college

and no degree

Nurses LPN

Nurses practical

Practical nurses

Private duty nurses practical

TPN (trained practical nurses)

Trained practical nurses

Vocational nurses

Medical TranscriptionistsMedical stenographers

Medical transcribers

Medical transcriptionists

Occupational Therapist AssistantsAssistants occupational therapy

Occupational therapy ns

associate degree

Technicians occupational therapy

Pharmacy Aides Assistants dispensary

Assistants pharmacist

Assistants pharmacy

Dispensary attendants

Drug clerks

Helpers pharmacist

Helpers pharmacy

Pharmacistrsquos aides

Pharmacy clerks

Prescription clerks

Physical Therapist AidesPhysical therapy ns

less than associate degree

Physical therapy aides

Physical therapy attendants

Physiotherapy aides

Physical Therapist AssistantsAssistants physical therapisttherapy

Physical therapy ns associate degree

Technicians physical therapy

Recreational Therapists Activity therapists

Recreational therapists

Therapeutic recreation specialists

Rehabilitation Counselors Coordinators of rehabilitation services

Directors of rehabilitation

Homemaking rehabilitation consultants

Psychosocial rehabilitation counselors

Rehabilitation counselors

Residence counselors

Veterans rehabilitation counselors

Occupatio

nal P

rofi

les

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profile of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 95

Other Frontline Occupational RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles

ns = not specified

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Child

Fam

ily a

nd

School S

ocia

l Work

ers

96 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Child Family and School Social Workers

Additional Findings

bull The estimated annual turnover rate among child social workers employed in private child-serving agencies (eg group homes residential treatment centers and home-based counseling programs) is reported to be as high as 40 (Annie E Casey Foundation 2004)

bull School social workers make up only 5 of the total social worker profession and tend to be professionalized as their own subgroup of social workers (National Association of Social Workers 2004)

bull Child family and school social workers work in a variety of settings including state government institutions local government institutions individual and family services and elementary and secondary schools (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 274000 11057 Average Annual Openings2012 338000

23 Child Family and School Social Workers Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 575 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 425 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 82 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

12717ndash2233110323ndash126377335ndash102381936ndash7117

(Median = 10280)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Child

Fam

ily a

nd

School S

ocia

l Work

ers

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 97

Figure 83 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

MI

LA

OK

DC

NV

ID

KS

UT

High

NevadaIdahoUtahNew MexicoArizona

411

381

353

313

303

Low

IllinoisOklahomaLouisianaDistrict of ColumbiaMichigan

122

107

102

83

66

High

MichiganDistrict of ColumbiaLouisianaOklahomaHawaii

719

679

620

613

600

Low

UtahKansasNevadaIdahoWyoming

333

326

290

286

100

AZNM

ID

UTNV

MI

IL

OK

LA

HI

HI

DC

WY

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Child

Fam

ily a

nd

School S

ocia

l Work

ers

98 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 84 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Wyoming Montana Massachusetts New Hampshire North Dakota

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Mississippi District of Columbia Oregon New Mexico Idaho

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$33

800

$32

640

$45

800

$38

870

$38

010

$32

510

$29

880

$45

290

$37

450

$30

620

423 365 317 260 259

41 3715

-68 -167

$28

630

$57

980

$36

980

$33

000

$32

770

$29

380

$37

870

$35

710

$28

850

$32

340

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Dental Assistants

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Denta

l Assis

tants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 99

Additional Findings

bull Currently there are no national guidelines governing dental assistant practice in the United States though dental assistants may become certifi ed through passing the Certifi ed Dental Assistant examination (American Dental Assistants Association 2005)

bull Dental assistants can be trained through a variety of sources including accredited programs non-accredited postsecondary programs in-offi ce training courses state dental board approved courses and on-the-job training (American Dental Assistants Association 2005)

bull Dental assistants work almost exclusively in offi ces of dentists while a very small percentage work in physiciansrsquo offi ces or a federal government institution (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004))

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 266000 18735 Average Annual Openings2012 379000

43 Dental Assistants Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 603 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 397 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 85 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

10197ndash147439288ndash101797939ndash92313479ndash7696Data not available

(Median = 9260)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Denta

l Assis

tants

100 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 86 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

MI

NE

WA

DCCA

AZ

ID

KS

High

ArizonaGeorgiaCaliforniaIdahoTennessee

700

607

571

569

563

Low

IllinoisHawaiiWashingtonNebraskaConnecticut

243

230

218

218

165

High

ConnecticutHawaiiWashingtonNebraskaMichigan

620

600

580

556

537

Low

CaliforniaIdahoArizonaKansasWyoming

328

327

286

286

200

AZ

CA

TN

GA

ID

IL

WA

NE

HI

HI

DC

CT

WY CT

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Denta

l Assis

tants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 101

Figure 87 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

New Hampshire Arizona South Dakota West Virginia Maryland

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Texas Washington Idaho Alaska District of Columbia

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$35

540

$32

080

$26

360

$26

070

$32

050

$37

450

$34

880

$29

080

$30

470

$41

360

545 409 395 363 291

17 09

-06 -59 -75

$35

310

$40

860

$32

770

$42

170

$57

980

$27

550

$32

670

$29

050

$34

240

$36

930

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Dietetic Technicians

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Die

tetic

Technic

ians

102 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull Each state varies in its regulation of dietetic technicians through licensure statutory certifi cation or registration (Commission on Dietetic Registration 2006)

bull A majority of dietetic technicians work in medical and surgical hospitals or nursing care facilities while others work in community care facilities for the elderly (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 29000 969 Average Annual Openings2012 35000

21 Dietetic Technicians Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 608 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 392 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 88 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

1285ndash3707983ndash1248686ndash975199ndash679Data not available

(Median = 979)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

NH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

SD

VT

WY

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Die

tetic

Technic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 103

Figure 89 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

SC

WV

LA

DC

UT

AZ

MS

FL

NC

High

ArizonaIdahoNevadaUtahNew Mexico

489

434

400

391

353

Low

OhioSouth CarolinaMarylandWest VirginiaDistrict of Columbia

119

114

107

57

16

High

District of ColumbiaNew JerseyWest VirginiaLouisianaSouth Carolina

1000

1000

1000

600

600

Low

FloridaMississippiNorth CarolinaArizonaUtah

320

286

250

218

00

AZNM

ID

UTNV OH

WV

NC

HI

HI

DCMD

NJ

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Die

tetic

Technic

ians

104 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 90 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Utah Idaho Massachusetts Nevada Alabama

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

West Virginia Arizona South Carolina Arkansas Georgia

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$23

880

$24

840

$32

100

$34

520

$23

790

$34

110

$32

770

$45

290

$34

300

$31

940

429 424 420 399 368

-43 -79 -96 -159 -235

$30

470

$34

880

$31

940

$29

560

$35

840

$21

620

$19

950

$19

250

$18

930

$22

940

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Lic

ensed

Pra

ctic

al a

nd

Lic

ensed

Vocatio

nal N

urs

es

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 105

Additional Findings

bull While there are some similarities across states in the implementation of the Nursing Practice Act the historic legislation on scope of practice and responsibilities for registered nurses there is also a great deal of state level variation in practice requirements regulations and tasks for licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses (Seago et al 2004)

bull Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses work in a variety of settings including nursing care facilities medical and surgical hospitals offi ces of physicians and home health care services (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 702000 29480 Average Annual Openings2012 844000

20 Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 481 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 519 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 91 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

31314ndash4705624993ndash3121017677ndash249558114ndash17519Data not available

(Median = 24974)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

SD

VT

WY

NH

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Lic

ensed

Pra

ctic

al a

nd

Lic

ensed

Vocatio

nal N

urs

es

106 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 92 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

SC

PA

ND

DC

UT

ID

NV

AZ

FL

High

ArizonaNevadaIdahoUtahFlorida

392

369

340

316

268

Low

PennsylvaniaNorth DakotaConnecticutSouth CarolinaDistrict of Columbia

82

63

62

14

00

High

District of ColumbiaSouth CarolinaConnecticutNorth DakotaPennsylvania

1000

949

781

773

727

Low

FloridaIdahoNevadaUtahArizona

449

388

375

375

357

AZ

FL

ID

UTNV

ND

SC

PA

HI

HI

DC

CT

CT

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Lic

ensed

Pra

ctic

al a

nd

Lic

ensed

Vocatio

nal N

urs

es

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 107

Figure 93 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

District of Columbia New Jersey New Mexico South Carolina Maryland

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Indiana Tennessee Texas Rhode Island Kansas

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$48

370

$46

010

$38

030

$34

960

$44

110

$57

980

$43

040

$33

000

$31

940

$41

360

406 279 273 269 227

121 119 115 105 101$33

820

$32

730

$35

310

$38

240

$33

780

$34

440

$30

940

$34

260

$42

730

$31

710

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Medical Transcriptionists

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical T

ranscrip

tionis

ts

108 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull Optional medical transcriptionist certifi cation is offered through the American Association of Medical Transcription (AAMT) While certifi cation is encouraged and understood as a verifi cation of standard training it is not required for employment As of February 2004 approximately one-third (2840) of the 7450 medical transcriptionists registered with the AAMT were certifi ed

bull Outsourcing of medical transcription overseas has become increasingly common Nearly 50 of the current contract transcription market demand is outsourced to a specialized vendor community and an estimated 8ndash10 of all con-tract transcription from the US health care industry is done overseas (Medical Transcription Industry Alliance 2003)

bull Medical transcriptionists work primarily in medical and surgical hospitals and offi ces of physicians (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 101000 4146 Average Annual Openings2012 124000

23 Medical Transcriptionists Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 550 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 450 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 94 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

4824ndash99813561ndash48012957ndash35431614ndash2891Data not available

(Median = 3552)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

SD

VT

WY

NH

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical T

ranscrip

tionis

ts

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 109

Figure 95 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

SC

PA

DC

UT

ID

NMAZ

FL

High

ArizonaUtahIdahoKansasNevada

412

371

370

364

343

Low

Rhode IslandPennsylvaniaSouth CarolinaNebraskaDistrict of Columbia

116

116

109

86

59

High

WyomingDistrict of ColumbiaSouth CarolinaNebraskaPennsylvania

800

750

725

692

612

Low

New MexicoFloridaIdahoArizonaUtah

367

352

333

314

250

AZ

KS

ID

UTNV NE

PA

SC

HI

HI

DC

RI

WY

NE

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical T

ranscrip

tionis

ts

110 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 96 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Massachusetts Kansas Colorado Tennessee Delaware

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

New Mexico Oklahoma Maryland Nevada Hawaii

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$36

850

$27

560

$34

440

$28

310

$30

270

$45

290

$33

780

$39

820

$32

730

$39

050

298 298 297 245 219

-30

59

-15

12 059 $33

000

$31

150

$41

360

$34

300

$36

750

$25

890

$23

650

$33

960

$32

900

$32

050

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Occupational Therapist Assistants

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Occup

atio

nal T

hera

pis

t Assis

tants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 111

Additional Findings

bull Occupational therapist assistants may be trained in either a two-year associate degree program or a one-year certifi cate program available at two- and four-year colleges and universities or postsecondary vocationaltechnical schools and institutions (American Medical Association 2005)

bull Occupational therapist assistants work in a variety of settings including offi ces of health practitioners medical and surgical hospitals and nursing care facilities (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 18000 958 Average Annual Openings2012 26000

44 Occupational Therapist Assistants Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 756 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 244 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 97 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

784ndash4915578ndash757486ndash576248ndash449Data not available

(Median = 577)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

ND

MN

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VA

WI

MI

IL INOH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

SD

WY

NH

IA

KY

VT

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Occup

atio

nal T

hera

pis

t Assis

tants

112 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 98 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

SC

TN

NJ

DC

OR

FL

NMAZ

UT

ID

High

VirginiaArkansasUtahArizonaCalifornia

599

593

571

548

538

Low

OregonConnecticutSouth CarolinaDistrict of ColumbiaNew Jersey

200

194

129

00

00

High

OregonSouth CarolinaMontanaNew JerseyTennessee

600

600

500

500

500

Low

New MexicoFloridaIdahoArizonaUtah

100

100

100

00

00

AZ AR

VA

UTCA

OR

SC

HI

HI

DC

CT

NJ

MT

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Occup

atio

nal T

hera

pis

t Assis

tants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 113

Figure 99 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

North Carolina Nebraska Utah Michigan Maryland

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Wyoming Louisiana Georgia Tennessee Illinois

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$40

480

$33

010

$39

840

$39

480

$40

660

$34

120

$33

060

$34

110

$39

590

$41

360

448 400 319 317 287

-45 -63 -73 -81 -93

$32

510

$31

230

$35

840

$32

730

$38

580

$28

500

$37

930

$33

380

$43

700

$31

800

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Pharmacy Aides

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Pharm

acy A

ides

114 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull According to a 1999 study of pharmacy activity costs over 55 of pharmacy aide time is spent on prescription transactions with customers (Arthur Andersen 1999)

bull Similar to pharmacy technicians pharmacy aides are employed primarily in retail settings such as health and personal care stores and grocery stores (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 60000 2175 Average Annual Openings2012 71000

18 Pharmacy Aides Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 487 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 513 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 100 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

2328ndash34171822ndash22391444ndash1815253ndash1423Data not available

(Median = 1819)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

ND

MN

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VA

WI

MI

IL INOH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

WA

SD

WY

NH

IA

KY

VTOR

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Pharm

acy A

ides

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 115

Figure 101 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

DC

DE

VT

LA

IN

MA

WV

AZ

UT

High

NevadaColoradoAlaskaArizonaUtah

464

420

400

336

333

Low

MaineNew YorkWest VirginiaWyomingDistrict of Columbia

98

86

41

00

00

High

District of ColumbiaWest VirginiaMassachusettsLouisianaIndiana

1000

875

704

700

675

Low

DelawareNevadaArizonaVermontHawaii

385

350

348

333

00

AZ

AK

UTNV

CO

WY

ME

NY

WV

HI

HI

DC

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Pharm

acy A

ides

116 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 102 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Texas Idaho Wyoming Vermont Illinois

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

California Florida North Dakota North Carolina South Carolina

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$21

980

$24

320

$23

200

$19

750

$24

300

$35

310

$32

770

$32

510

$34

650

$38

580

368 366 316 298 253

-37 -56 -90 -106 -121

$41

980

$33

750

$30

620

$34

120

$31

940

$23

050

$17

550

$16

730

$17

480

$15

740

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Physical Therapist Aides

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Physic

al T

hera

pis

t Aid

es

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 117

Additional Findings

bull The data available on physical therapist aidesmdashone of the smaller frontline occupational groups profi led in this chartbookmdashare in conjunction with or subsumed within information on physical therapist assistants

bull Similar to physical therapist assistants physical therapist aides work in a variety of settings including offi ces of health practitioners medical and surgical hospitals and nursing care facilities (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 37000 2332 Average Annual Openings2012 54000

46 Physical Therapist Aides Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 735 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 265 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 103 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

1615ndash30291348ndash1552966ndash1347302ndash950Data not available

(Median = 1347)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

ND

MN

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

VA

WI

MI

IL INOH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

WA

SDNH

IA

KY

VTOR

SC

WY

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Physic

al T

hera

pis

t Aid

es

118 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 104 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

DC

WA

OR

CO

NM

NC

WIID

UT

High

IdahoArizonaCaliforniaVirginiaUtah

668

647

619

590

571

Low

OregonNebraskaWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaRhode Island

242

231

204

57

51

High

District of ColumbiaRhode IslandOregonWashingtonColorado

1000

800

550

500

458

Low

New MexicoNorth CarolinaWisconsinIdahoUtah

200

200

200

176

00

UTCA

ID

NE

WA

OR

HI

HI

DC

RI

AZ

VA

RI

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Physic

al T

hera

pis

t Aid

es

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 119

Figure 105 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Delaware Montana Texas Virginia Illinois

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Florida Hawaii Indiana South Carolina Rhode Island

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$28

020

$23

710

$25

800

$22

100

$26

020

$39

050

$29

880

$35

310

$39

130

$38

580

453 391 391 241 225

-19 -19-101 -259 -343

$33

750

$36

750

$33

820

$31

940

$38

240

$20

880

$25

070

$22

150

$20

100

$21

430

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Physical Therapist Assistants

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Physic

al T

hera

pis

t Assis

tants

120 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull Typical training for physical therapist assistants does not provide approved prerequisites to move into a physical therapist role Those interested in advancing their career can do so through an accredited physical therapist assistant to physical therapist (PTA-PT) program (wwwallalliedhealthschoolscom 2006)

bull Licensure is not mandatory for physical therapist assistants licensing and certifi cation requirements vary from state to state (American Medical Association 2005)

bull Physical therapist assistants work in a variety of settings including offi ces of health practitioners medical and surgical hospitals and nursing care facilities (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 50000 3077 Average Annual Openings2012 73000

46 Physical Therapist Assistants Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 728 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 272 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 106 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

2233ndash31771802ndash21301296ndash1747780ndash1243

(Median = 1802)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Physic

al T

hera

pis

t Assis

tants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 121

Figure 107 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

DC

OR

CO

OKSC

AZ

UT

AR

ID

MT

High

ArizonaIdahoArkansasWyomingUtah

640

635

610

600

583

Low

OregonConnecticutWashingtonSouth CarolinaDistrict of Columbia

265

255

217

214

143

High

OregonDistrict of ColumbiaColoradoOklahomaSouth Carolina

567

500

460

450

450

Low

IdahoMontanaArizonaArkansasUtah

231

222

209

205

00

UT

WY

ID

SC

WA

OR

HI

HI

DC

CT

AZ AR

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Physic

al T

hera

pis

t Assis

tants

122 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 108 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Louisiana Nebraska Maryland Idaho Nevada

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Missouri New Mexico Minnesota Hawaii Georgia

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$39

540

$36

640

$41

560

$37

190

$42

870

$31

230

$33

060

$41

360

$32

770

$34

300

596 401 395 369 254

-27

17

-10

16-01$3

446

0

$33

000

$39

840

$36

750

$35

840

$35

600

$32

060

$33

570

$33

030

$37

740

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Recreational Therapists

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Recre

atio

nal T

hera

pis

ts

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 123

Additional Findings

bull Employers and national regulatory and accreditation organizations increasingly use National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certifi cation (NCTRC) as a criterion for employment and as a preferred entry-level credential for recreational therapists (2004)

bull Recreational therapists work in a variety of settings including nursing care facilities medical and surgical hospitals psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals and state government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 27000 880 Average Annual Openings2012 29000

7 Recreational Therapists Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 275 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 725 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 109 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

1384ndash29501038ndash1365626ndash974314ndash502Data not available

CA

AK

HI

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

(Median = 1006)

NV

SC

WY

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Recre

atio

nal T

hera

pis

ts

124 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 110 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

DC

LA

ND

MI

ID

UTCO

AZ

IA

High

ArizonaColoradaUtahIdahoNew Mexico

312

290

276

218

214

Low

New JerseyDistrict of ColumbiaMichiganNorth DakotaLouisiana

00

00

00

00

00

High

LouisianaDistrict of ColumbiaMichiganNew JerseyNorth Dakota

1000

1000

1000

1000

1000

Low

UtahColoradoArizonaIdahoIowa

500

438

409

400

00

UTCO

ID

HI

HI

DC

NJ

LA

ND

MI

AZ NM

NJ

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Recre

atio

nal T

hera

pis

ts

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 125

Figure 111 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Wyoming New Hamphire Vermont Illinois Colorado

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Oklahoma North Dakota South Carolina Rhode Island New Mexico

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$38

410

$37

190

$44

910

$32

350

$34

160

$32

510

$37

450

$34

650

$38

580

$39

820

670 451 435 344 342

-135

15

-68

06

-57

$31

150

$30

620

$31

940

$38

240

$33

000

$30

530

$28

370

$26

010

$33

140

$28

540

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Rehabilitation Counselors

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Rehab

ilitatio

n C

ounselo

rs

126 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull The Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certifi cation (CRCC) has certifi ed more than 35000 counselors since its inception in 1974 To sit for the certifi cation exam applicants must have a masterrsquos degree or be currently enrolled in an accredited masterrsquos program (2006)

bull The role of rehabilitation counselors has expanded to include aiding in transition services for children within school systems providing geriatric rehabilitation services and providing services for workers injured on the job through pri-vate rehabilitation counseling companies and employee assistance programs (American Medical Association 2005)

bull Rehabilitation counselors work in a variety of settings including vocational rehabilitation services residential mental health facilities individual and family services and state government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 122000 6922 Average Annual Openings2012 164000

34 Rehabilitation Counselors Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 597 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 403 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 112 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

6735ndash162514809ndash64882511ndash4756600ndash2431

(Median = 4809)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Rehab

ilitatio

n C

ounselo

rs

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 127

Figure 113 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

DC

AZ

MN

TN

NH

High

MarylandNevadaArizonaTennesseeUtah

550

462

451

439

430

Low

District of ColumbiaMississippiMichiganOhioNorth Dakota

100

90

86

76

06

High

North DakotaOhioDistrict of ColumbiaMichiganMississippi

923

750

714

714

714

Low

MinnesotaNew HampshireArizonaTennesseeMaryland

372

349

333

308

295

AZ

UTNV

TN

SD

MI

OH

MS

HI

HI

DCMD

ND

OH

MI

MS

MD

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Rehab

ilitatio

n C

ounselo

rs

128 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 114 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Hawaii New Mexico Wisconsin North Dakota Delaware

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Connecticut New York Nevada Rhode Island Mississippi

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$51

550

$27

370

$34

920

$34

560

$33

340

$36

750

$33

000

$35

240

$30

620

$39

050

596 572 510 507 388

-44 -101 -103 -151 -342

$44

400

$43

590

$34

300

$38

240

$28

630

$33

880

$27

590

$28

550

$33

590

$33

770

Conclusion

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 129

Summary

Frontline health and health care workers are a large fast-growing and vital component of the workforce constituting just over half of all health and health care occupations As the population ages the contributions of these workers will become even more central to the quality and cost of health care and services in this country As a whole the frontline workforce is growing rapidlymdashadding many new workers each year with a growth rate signifi cantly higher than other occupations and requiring a signifi cant number of replacement workers to fi ll future job openings due to turnover workers retiring and workers leaving the workforce altogether

Implications for Further Policy and Research Efforts1

This research on the frontline workforce must be placed in the context of broader challenges in the health care system and the general employment picture facing the nation over the next decade This will take effective action from a broad spectrum of health and health care stakeholders including employers educators professionals policy-makers labor and philanthropic entities

Health and Health Care Employers

Labor costs exceed 60 of total health care expenditures Any effort to change or rationalize the health care system will affect workers their patterns of practice and the material aspects of their employment Although most frontline workers are at the lower end of the compensation range in health care they represent a large critically impor-tant segment essential to any strategy to improve the quality lower the costs or expand access to health care and health services in the United States In each of these three vital areas the nation underperforms its potential In light of these challenges a solitary response of recruiting or fi nding frontline workers to keep the clinics long-term-care facilities and hospitals operating will be inadequate

Industry leaders will need to incorporate the following strategies into their overall action plan

bull Create new practice models and policies to reshape the nature of the work for frontline workers

bull Assist this transition by investing in care and service management technologies to allow fewer workers to do more with less time and to engage patients and their families in more productive ways These investments should include new facilities in addition to new technologies

1 Implications are based on the researchersrsquo fi ndings and recommendations and do not necessarily refl ect the viewpoints of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation

Conclu

sion

130 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

bull Integrate work and education to create laddered opportunities for the existing frontline workforce to take advantage of these new policies and technologies by getting higher levels of training on the job and improving their opportunities for higher wages and career advancement

bull Create more collaborative team-oriented work settings that allow for a fuller range of contributions by these new types of frontline workers including the responsibility to manage this service sector more effectively

bull Develop new strategic partnerships with labor and professional organizations who wish to change the nature of frontline work and are willing to respond creatively to the realities and challenges of the service sector

Teaching and Learning Organizations

Frontline workers will need a different set of skills and expectations as they prepare to enter the workforce and continue to grow and learn in an occupation that may begin to resemble more of a career or profession Educational institutions must play a vital role in reshaping program curricula positioning themselves as career partners and lowering the boundaries between education service and care delivery organizations to foster deeper partnerships Specifi cally teaching and learning organizations should consider the following for strategic success

bull Assess their programs in the context of emergent employer needs and changing student situations and demands Such an assessment will require a deeper commitment to securing input from both of these vital stakeholders These conversations and interactions should be ongoing with equal weight given to all voices at the assessment table

bull Create delivery mechanisms to employ new teaching and learning technologies that allow for more distance learning assessment of competence work-based learning and simulation These technologies should make education more accessible and more relevant to the learner

bull Commit to students throughout a lifetime of practice and growth not just a short-term training or educational program This will require a new partnership commitment between student school and employer that will serve each constituency as it adapts to strategic challenges

Professional Associations and Accrediting Organizations

Although they are separate entities professional associations and accrediting organiza-tions often speak for the professional conscience of the frontline health care worker They aim to represent both the publicrsquos interest and the interests of their members Usually member interests outweigh the publicrsquos interest as professional associations pursue a familiar pathway of more restrictive and protective accreditation and licen-sure more education and higher pay This form of protectionism has served the interests of the health professions for more than a century but it now threatens the viability of the health care system Instead leaders of the frontline health professional organizations can

Conclu

sion

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 131

bull Invite other aligned and similar frontline groups into larger affi nity combinations to consolidate action Smaller groups will be easier to ignore in the changes that are to come larger and broader groups will create a context for more effective action

bull Encourage education programs to respond to the need to create new value by changing the competencies provided to students broadening the work to educate more generally and making the movement through education effi cient and continuous after graduation

bull Alter the accreditation and licensure process to focus less on testing for entry and more on continuous improvement of quality and adaptation to changes in the environment

bull Work to ensure that the system is an agent of change by encouraging innovation lowering regulations and simplifying processes involved for assurance of professional status

Researchers

Understanding the value of the frontline workforce how it is changing and what might be done to accelerate the change process is a valued but largely ignored topic by most researchers Analyzing these and related dimensions of the frontline workforce in a critical manner will be essential to any effort to position the frontline occupations for signifi cant change To address these changes researchers and the institutions that support them should

bull Develop a national discussion to focus and refi ne a shared research agenda related to how frontline health professionals can transition to the new roles described above

bull Facilitate partnerships between education and delivery groups and organizations (particularly in the private sector) to provide support for research and access to key data for action research projects that meet the business needs of the sponsoring organizations

Policy-makers and Public Agencies

Over the past two decades the public and private sectors have built a large infrastructure to support the development of the health and health care workforce At the ground level regional workforce centers are often well integrated with both employers and educators Policy-makers and public agencies however often fail to connect this resource to a solution to do so they should take the following steps

bull Enhance understanding of the role and experience of regional workforce centers in developing programs to integrate education and work among employers labor and policy-makers

bull Target and fund breakthrough innovations that bring rapid cycle improvement to education transition to work retraining and assessment of value

bull Use existing relationships at the community level to build stronger programs among labor management practice and education to demonstrate the value of such enlarged and expanded partnerships

Conclu

sion

132 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

bull Build on the existing leadership of community and local agencies and partnerships to strengthen their ability to negotiate and play a genuine broker role among the various parties including labor schools and employers

Foundations

Community regional and national foundations have played an important role in other workforce areas including nursing and medicine For the frontline workforce foundations can provide needed leadership and capital for all of the activities described above Foundations can undertake the following specifi c strategic actions

bull Convene key actors at the local regional or state level to discuss priorities share resources and determine if a shared vision can emerge

bull Fund demonstration programs particularly when they involve more than one key partner or when they involve a truly innovative approach or have a demonstrated way of measuring the value of the experiment

bull Build the leadership skills and capacities of key actors across the continuum of stakeholders particularly at the local and regional level

bull Recognize achievement that advances the principles of an improved frontline workforce and highlight particular models that are worthy of replication and implementation

The research team used a deliberate process to identify a working defi nition of the frontline health and health care workforce and the occupations included in that classifi cation for this chartbook This defi nition of ldquofrontlinerdquo is less an exclusionary mechanism than a way to delimit a set of occupational categories on which to focus the research

The researchers used the Bureau of Labor Statistics 2000 Standard Occupational Classifi cation (SOC) System as the source for occupational categories The SOC offers important advantages it is comprehensive it is the federal government standard and it has a fl exible structure scaled from broad categories to detailed occupations It also links to key resources such as the Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment Statistics dataset and the Occupational Outlook Handbook and has a pre-built crosswalk to the Census 2000 databank where a wealth of job title detail (more than 31000 titles) is available to fl esh out the SOC data

A review of the complete SOC listing of 23 major categories covering all occupations resulted in the identifi cation of eight categories that constitute all health and health care occupations From this group key health care and human services occupations outside the scope of the criteria defi ned for this researchmdashoccupations with little or no direct patient or client contact research-based occupations and sales- and retail-focused occupationsmdashwere eliminated The remaining occupational groups were reviewed and further delineated using the Census 2000 job title database then cross-referenced using several sources including civil service occupation listings from the federal government and four states (California Texas New York and New Jersey) The result is a working universe of 78 occupational groups and more than 840 Census 2000 job titles encompassing a full range of direct care providers from registered nurses and surgeons to various health care support and technical roles

The researchers then identifi ed and categorized the frontline health and health care delivery occupations that are a subset of the larger universe of all health and health care delivery occupations Following a review of the preliminary available occupational data the following criteria were developed as defi ning characteristics of frontline workers

bull provide a high level of direct patientclient care or care delivery support services

bull require educational training of a bachelorrsquos degree or below and

bull earn annual wages of $40000 or less

The researchers then excluded from the larger set of health and health care delivery occupations those that do not meet these criteria Exceptions were made for a few occupational groups Social workers and counselors are included although many do have a masterrsquos degree and two allied health roles (radiologic technologiststechnicians and occupational health and safety specialists) are included despite median annual earnings slightly more than $40000 In these cases it was determined that the occupa-tional categories fi t the overall defi nition and characteristics of the frontline workforce and should therefore be included

Appendix A

Extended Methodology and Data Availability

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 133

Initially a preliminary report was released that profi led 20 frontline workforce occupational groups and included federal level employment and wage data along with some secondary research presented as narrative overviews This report details how the frontline workforce was defi ned and offers both quantitative and qualitative information on each of the profi led occupational groups in an effort to enhance understanding of the environment and challenges each faces (Solomon Schindel OrsquoNeil and Cherner Defi ning the Frontline Workforce Princeton NJ The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation September 2005) For this chartbook that preliminary set of 20 occupational groups was expanded to 32 Many allied health rolesmdashleft out of the preliminary report due to the notion that suffi cient information on those roles was already availablemdashhave been included here to provide a more comprehensive profi le of the total frontline workforce

National Level Data Availability

Employment Projections

The researchers gathered data on 2002 occupational employment and 2012 occupa-tional employment projections through Bureau of Labor Statistics and individual state labor market information sources These projections refl ect

bull anticipated growth rates of frontline occupations

bull projected job openings due to occupational growth

bull projected job openings due to ldquoreplacementsrdquo (workers retiring leaving the profession or leaving employment altogether) and

bull ldquototal average annual job openingsrdquo (total number of job openings due to both growth and replacements needs)

Based on this data the researchers analyzed and compared growth ratepercentage total average annual job openings and the percentage of openings due to growth and to replacement needs

Wage Outlook

Using the Bureau of Labor Statistics November 2004 wage estimates along with the archived 2000 wage estimates the researchers gathered data on mean annual wages the 2000ndash2004 wage gain and the 10th to 90th percentile wage range for each occupation The researchers were then able to determine the wage outlook for each occupation and compared our fi ndings across the workforce noting where and how occupations varied in terms of wages and earning potential

Demographics

The demographic data available for frontline occupations are limited The Bureau of Labor Statistics does provide some data on gender and racial breakdown within occupations but much of the information is aggregated across several occupational categories For instance demographics are available for the occupational category representing all ldquodiagnostic and related health diagnosing technologists and techni-ciansrdquo which includes several frontline allied health roles as well as a few non-frontline occupations but they are not available for particular frontline job titles

Ap

pend

ix A

Exte

nded M

eth

odolo

gy a

nd D

ata

Ava

ilability

134 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

within that occupational category Thus it is not possible to use those demographics to make specifi c analyses based on particular occupations Instead higher-level demographics are used in this chartbook to offer insight into the frontline workforce as a whole and how selected occupational categories compare in terms of their percentage of minority workers

Educational Training Level

The data on educational training level are also somewhat limited but the researchers used the Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Projections and Training Data standard educational training level classifi cations to identify the most signifi cant training and educational pathways to employment for particular frontline occupations These data defi ne 11 categories of educational training Frontline workforce occupa-tions can be categorized into six of these educational training levels

bull short-term on-the-job training (up to 1 month)

bull moderate-term on-the-job training (1 to 12 months)

bull postsecondary vocational award

bull associate degree

bull bachelorrsquos degree and

bull masterrsquos degree

Although these classifi cations are somewhat general they are assigned to particular occupations and are not aggregated across multiple occupational categories as a result researchers can compare and look for patterns based on the standard educational training for occupations represented in this workforce

Workplace Distribution

The researchers gathered federal level data on the workplace distribution for workers in frontline occupations showing the percentage breakdown in different work settings However there are more than 25 ldquosettingsrdquo categories that include not only actual settings (such as medical laboratories psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals and physician offi ces) but also more descriptive settings with affi liated employees (such as home health care services and federal government institutions) Because there are so many workplace designations there is a great deal of distribution and it is not possible to draw any signifi cant inferences or analyses However some points of interest are included as additional fi ndings in the occupational profi les beginning on page 27

State Level Data Availability

One of the primary purposes of this chartbook is to provide a view of the occupa-tional outlook for the frontline workforce at the state level in addition to the national level State variation (or lack of variation) is highlighted for key data such as per capita employment average occupational wage and occupational wage gains for the frontline occupations To keep state-level data consistent with national-level data the researchers used occupational data from each statersquos labor market information online data sources

Ap

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nded M

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nd D

ata

Ava

ilability

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 135

Employment Projections

Each state labor market information resource presents data in slightly different ways although the majority provide occupational employment projection data aligned with the federal Bureau of Labor Statistics Standard Occupational Classifi cation (SOC) If a state provided no occupational projection data the researchers used the American Labor Market Information System (ALMIS) Web site (wwwprojectionscentralcom) This resource stores and maintains labor market economic and occupational data and is maintained jointly by the states and the United States Department of Laborrsquos Employment and Training Administration (ETA) In some cases states maintain infor-mation in ALMIS that is not accessible on a separate state labor market information Web site Some states did not have employment data for some of the occupations in the frontline workforce because the occupational population has been too small to track (indicated in the data tables with ldquonardquo) Data were also gathered on the total population for each state and per capita employment for each occupation by state was calculated

In our total growth rate and average annual openings percentage calculations we have relied on the data as presented by the state labor market information sources andor the ALMIS web site In a limited number of instances this produced some atypical results which we have left in the Appendix B State by State Data Tables rather than attempt to amend source data

Wage Outlook

The researchers obtained state wage data from a database maintained by the Bureau of Labor Statistics Although the database did not include state-by-state employment projections it did provide some occupation-specifi c wage information (mentioned below) for each state As the researchers began gathering the data the November 2004 current wage data were released these data were used in the analyses For each occupation data were we on 2004 mean annual wage 2000ndash2004 wage gain and 10thndash90th percentile wage range across all 50 states Average state wage data for all occupations were also included in the analyses as a benchmark

Unavailable Data

Although state-level employment and wage outlook and trend data were available for the research team to gather and analyze there was no consistent source of state-level data on demographics educational training requirements or workplace distribution for frontline occupations Some state labor market information sources provided an overall gender and racial breakdown for the state workforce as a whole but these data were not available at the state level for particular occupations Demographic educational training or workplace distribution information available through studies or other publications is included as additional fi ndings in the occupational profi les beginning on page 27

Additional Data

To supplement the core data presented through this chartbook the researchers gathered additional data from relevant publications and reports Particularly salient data points or patterns from these secondary resources are included in the occupa-tional profi les

Ap

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ata

Ava

ilability

136 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 137

Appendix B

TablesmdashOccupational Profi les State by State Data

Allied Health Roles

Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians 139

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics 142

Medical Assistants 145

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians 148

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians 151

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists 154

Pharmacy Technicians 157

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians 160

Respiratory Therapy Technicians 163

Surgical Technologists 166

Community and Public Health Roles

Health Educators 169

Medical and Public Health Social Workers 172

Social and Human Services Assistants 175

Long-term Care Roles

Home Health Aides 178

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants 181

Personal and Home Care Aides 184

Mental Health and Substance Abuse RolesMental Health Counselors 187

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers 190

Psychiatric Aides 193

Psychiatric Technicians 196

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors 199

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Child Family and School Social Workers 202

Dental Assistants 205

Dietetic Technicians 208

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses 211

Medical Transcriptionists 214

Occupational Therapist Assistants 217

Pharmacy Aides 220

Physical Therapist Aides 223

Physical Therapist Assistants 226

Recreational Therapists 229

Rehabilitation Counselors 232

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 379

Maryland 241

North Dakota 230

South Carolina 224

West Virginia 224

Michigan 211

South Dakota 200

Kentucky 198

Alabama 196

Louisiana 194

Massachusetts 193

Pennsylvania 191

Nebraska 189

Florida 188

Tennessee 185

New York 184

Connecticut 176

Nevada 166

Maine 164

New Jersey 163

Indiana 162

Oklahoma 161

Montana 159

Rhode Island 159

Mississippi 154

Virginia 151

Ohio 146

Illinois 145

New Hampshire 144

Minnesota 143

Delaware 136

Hawaii 130

Georgia 126

Iowa 126

North Carolina 124

Kansas 122

Oregon 119

Colorado 118

Utah 116

Wisconsin 114

Missouri 113

Washington 110

Arkansas 109

Texas 108

California 94

Arizona 92

New Mexico 81

Idaho 61

Alaska 50

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 667

Pennsylvania 536

Washington 533

Utah 500

Kentucky 469

Connecticut 467

Oklahoma 467

South Carolina 467

Colorado 464

Oregon 450

Alabama 429

Massachusetts 429

North Dakota 429

Illinois 415

New York 412

Nebraska 400

Michigan 396

Maryland 391

Ohio 378

Kansas 375

New Jersey 375

Missouri 367

Tennessee 364

Arkansas 353

California 353

Virginia 351

Louisiana 350

West Virginia 348

Delaware 333

Idaho 333

Iowa 333

Minnesota 333

Rhode Island 333

South Dakota 333

Texas 310

Maine 308

Indiana 300

Montana 300

Nevada 300

Florida 289

Georgia 286

North Carolina 286

Mississippi 267

New Hampshire 250

Wisconsin 250

Arizona 237

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

New Mexico NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Idaho 598

Nevada 583

Arizona 572

Colorado 566

Utah 519

Mississippi 492

Montana 483

New Hampshire 478

Georgia 472

North Carolina 456

Kansas 455

Florida 430

Texas 426

Maine 404

Wisconsin 403

New Mexico 400

Arkansas 395

West Virginia 384

South Dakota 382

Delaware 364

Minnesota 362

New Jersey 357

Indiana 350

Tennessee 346

Alaska 344

Rhode Island 341

California 333

Virginia 333

North Dakota 315

Ohio 305

Louisiana 299

Maryland 298

Missouri 297

Michigan 292

Massachusetts 290

Oklahoma 286

Iowa 284

Nebraska 281

New York 276

Illinois 263

Connecticut 262

Hawaii 250

Oregon 238

Kentucky 212

Washington 209

Alabama 205

South Carolina 174

Pennsylvania 165

District of Columbia 107

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Ap

pend

ix B

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ble

s |

Allie

d H

ealth

Ro

les | C

ard

iova

scula

r Technolo

gists a

nd Te

chnic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 139

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Maine $29900 $42710 428

Alabama 27920 39330 409

Nevada 31060 42430 366

Indiana 26790 35680 332

North Dakota 25470 33720 324

Virginia 32910 43010 307

New Jersey 36710 47970 307

Mississippi 28110 36740 307

Nebraska 31170 40490 299

Rhode Island 34130 43610 278

Alaska 42150 53620 272

Texas 31300 39240 254

Tennessee 27950 34850 247

Oregon 36280 45040 241

Washington 42520 52650 238

New Mexico 34230 42030 228

Pennsylvania 31330 38480 228

North Carolina 33430 40630 215

Georgia 29920 36360 215

Idaho 31480 38180 213

Michigan 37270 44970 207

Wisconsin 33110 39820 203

Iowa 30420 36330 194

Colorado 35050 41800 193

Kansas 33300 39680 192

California 40180 47760 189

Arkansas 33090 39170 184

Massachusetts 41090 47280 151

New Hampshire 41720 47900 148

Ohio 35340 40290 140

Missouri 30850 34980 134

Illinois 34160 38670 132

Arizona 35080 39530 127

South Dakota 33090 37200 124

District of Columbia 39590 44440 123

Maryland 39860 43460 90

Florida 33090 36060 90

Hawaii 39130 42340 82

New York 41270 44260 72

West Virginia 33410 35150 52

Louisiana 31250 32780 49

Connecticut 42020 43570 37

Oklahoma 28030 29050 36

Montana 39140 38640 -13

Kentucky 35930 35420 -14

South Carolina 41770 39450 -56

Delaware 37520 NA NA

Minnesota NA 41550 NA

Utah 35230 NA NA

Vermont $32440 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Washington $52650 $40860

Alaska 53620 42170

New Hampshire 47900 37450

Arkansas 39170 29560

Maine 42710 33480

New Mexico 42030 33000

Montana 38640 29880

Nevada 42430 34300

South Dakota 37200 29080

Mississippi 36740 28630

Oregon 45040 36980

South Carolina 39450 31940

Nebraska 40490 33060

Alabama 39330 31940

North Carolina 40630 34120

Kansas 39680 33780

California 47760 41980

Hawaii 42340 36750

Idaho 38180 32770

Michigan 44970 39590

Rhode Island 43610 38240

New Jersey 47970 43040

West Virginia 35150 30470

Arizona 39530 34880

Wisconsin 39820 35240

Ohio 40290 35910

Iowa 36330 31990

Texas 39240 35310

Virginia 43010 39130

Kentucky 35420 32170

North Dakota 33720 30620

Pennsylvania 38480 35970

Florida 36060 33750

Tennessee 34850 32730

Maryland 43460 41360

Colorado 41800 39820

Massachusetts 47280 45290

Indiana 35680 33820

Minnesota 41550 39840

Louisiana 32780 31230

New York 44260 43590

Georgia 36360 35840

Missouri 34980 34460

Illinois 38670 38580

Connecticut 43570 44400

Oklahoma 29050 31150

District of Columbia 44440 57980

Ap

pend

ix B

Ta

ble

s |

Allie

d H

ealth

Ro

les | C

ard

iova

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r Technolo

gists a

nd Te

chnic

ians

140 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Alabama $17960 $70300 2914

Louisiana 16510 54900 2325

Virginia 22120 69330 2134

Mississippi 18320 56840 2103

Arizona 23320 70750 2034

Oklahoma 16860 50170 1976

Massachusetts 25230 73730 1922

Oregon 23950 68120 1844

Missouri 19660 55490 1822

Idaho 21100 59170 1804

Maine 22330 62330 1791

Georgia 20410 56380 1762

Tennessee 19910 54810 1753

Indiana 20370 56060 1752

Kentucky 20110 55300 1750

Texas 21340 58310 1732

Florida 20290 55320 1726

South Dakota 20480 55460 1708

Colorado 24250 65500 1701

Connecticut 25140 67060 1667

North Dakota 19800 52640 1659

Illinois 22210 58390 1629

South Carolina 22220 58220 1620

Pennsylvania 22140 57430 1594

Rhode Island 25260 64150 1540

Montana 22630 56710 1506

North Carolina 23540 58780 1497

Kansas 22500 56120 1494

New Hampshire 27660 67570 1443

New York 26480 64600 1440

Nebraska 23690 57680 1435

Hawaii 25660 62400 1432

California 28760 69890 1430

Alaska 30780 74480 1420

Arkansas 23510 56880 1419

Wisconsin 24210 57810 1388

New Mexico 23980 57220 1386

Minnesota 25410 59330 1335

New Jersey 30070 69260 1303

Maryland 25980 59090 1274

Ohio 25030 55780 1229

Washington 32280 71580 1217

Nevada 26350 57580 1185

District of Columbia 27850 60550 1174

Michigan 27940 59830 1141

West Virginia 21660 45980 1123

Iowa 23910 49270 1061

Ap

pend

ix B

Ta

ble

s |

Allie

d H

ealth

Ro

les | C

ard

iova

scula

r Technolo

gists a

nd Te

chnic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 141

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 1086

Colorado 486

Nevada 443

New Mexico 402

Utah 389

Minnesota 382

New Hampshire 378

Virginia 362

Texas 357

Mississippi 348

Alabama 341

Kansas 335

Vermont 332

Montana 325

Arkansas 323

California 321

Georgia 314

Pennsylvania 305

New Jersey 302

Oklahoma 298

Florida 292

Louisiana 290

Alaska 286

Kentucky 283

Wisconsin 281

Missouri 276

South Dakota 275

Ohio 275

North Dakota 272

Rhode Island 258

West Virginia 244

North Carolina 244

Delaware 241

New York 241

Idaho 240

Indiana 235

Illinois 230

Maryland 230

South Carolina 217

Maine 210

Hawaii 208

Nebraska 208

Tennessee 208

Washington 198

Iowa 196

Wyoming 167

Massachusetts 161

Oregon 159

Connecticut 129

Michigan 127

District of Columbia 00

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 1000

Massachusetts 608

Oregon 600

Wyoming 600

Hawaii 500

Connecticut 486

Michigan 474

Colorado 466

Alaska 450

Kansas 430

Washington 425

Iowa 417

Nebraska 385

South Carolina 367

Tennessee 364

Maine 347

Illinois 333

Indiana 333

Rhode Island 333

West Virginia 329

Maryland 327

Idaho 325

New York 324

Louisiana 307

North Carolina 304

Delaware 300

Wisconsin 300

Missouri 295

Ohio 295

New Jersey 294

Florida 289

Kentucky 288

North Dakota 286

Pennsylvania 274

South Dakota 273

California 267

Nevada 267

Arkansas 262

Alabama 259

Georgia 252

Montana 250

Utah 250

Mississippi 247

Oklahoma 244

Texas 243

New Hampshire 238

Virginia 238

Vermont 235

Minnesota 228

New Mexico 180

Arizona 97

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 1240

Maine 1165

North Dakota 1147

Pennsylvania 1129

West Virginia 1088

Kentucky 985

Missouri 938

Kansas 936

Wisconsin 903

Massachusetts 889

Tennessee 872

Idaho 848

Connecticut 807

Ohio 801

Georgia 794

North Carolina 765

South Dakota 756

Louisiana 748

Arkansas 709

Mississippi 700

Minnesota 685

Utah 677

Illinois 671

Iowa 670

New Hampshire 662

Oklahoma 654

Colorado 654

Alabama 640

Vermont 620

Montana 604

Maryland 604

Texas 562

Michigan 556

Indiana 554

New Mexico 550

Alaska 546

New York 546

Rhode Island 515

Florida 512

New Jersey 501

Oregon 483

Wyoming 481

Nevada 447

South Carolina 426

California 392

Hawaii 389

Washington 382

Virginia 362

Delaware 360

Arizona 284

Nebraska 225

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142 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

North Dakota $18510 $26960 457

Rhode Island 23240 33290 432

Maryland 26270 37260 418

Wyoming 17740 25060 413

Hawaii 25980 35960 384

Utah 18970 26180 380

Alaska 29060 39020 343

Idaho 22860 30160 319

Massachusetts 26700 34810 304

Missouri 25050 31250 248

Michigan 23340 29010 243

New Hampshire 23170 28360 224

Arizona 21760 26610 223

Nebraska 21760 26570 221

Iowa 20430 24680 208

Kansas 17940 21590 203

Georgia 22100 26470 198

Vermont 20560 24590 196

New York 29290 34560 180

Indiana 22590 26490 173

New Jersey 27160 31650 165

Kentucky 19630 22820 163

Texas 22460 26040 159

Colorado 27680 31970 155

Maine 21440 24650 150

North Carolina 23900 27390 146

Ohio 23990 27410 143

Mississippi 22200 25320 141

Washington 32080 36410 135

Arkansas 21460 24350 135

Pennsylvania 22550 25300 122

Louisiana 24320 27120 115

Virginia 23810 26550 115

New Mexico 26610 29610 113

South Carolina 24290 26980 111

South Dakota 21070 23210 102

Connecticut 29130 32030 100

Illinois 26960 29500 94

Florida 25810 28220 93

Montana 19400 21000 82

Minnesota 27550 29670 77

Tennessee 24500 25030 22

West Virginia 19580 19650 04

Wisconsin 22700 22380 -14

Alabama 21600 21150 -21

California 29580 27460 -72

Oregon 35460 29260 -175

Delaware NA 30150 NA

District of Columbia NA 40800 NA

Nevada NA NA NA

Oklahoma 19580 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Hawaii $35960 $36750

Idaho 30160 32770

Alaska 39020 42170

Missouri 31250 34460

Mississippi 25320 28630

New Mexico 29610 33000

North Dakota 26960 30620

Louisiana 27120 31230

Maryland 37260 41360

Washington 36410 40860

Rhode Island 33290 38240

South Carolina 26980 31940

Arkansas 24350 29560

Florida 28220 33750

South Dakota 23210 29080

Nebraska 26570 33060

North Carolina 27390 34120

Iowa 24680 31990

Indiana 26490 33820

Wyoming 25060 32510

Oregon 29260 36980

Tennessee 25030 32730

Colorado 31970 39820

Utah 26180 34110

Arizona 26610 34880

Ohio 27410 35910

Maine 24650 33480

Montana 21000 29880

Delaware 30150 39050

New York 34560 43590

Illinois 29500 38580

New Hampshire 28360 37450

Texas 26040 35310

Kentucky 22820 32170

Georgia 26470 35840

Vermont 24590 34650

Minnesota 29670 39840

Massachusetts 34810 45290

Michigan 29010 39590

Pennsylvania 25300 35970

Alabama 21150 31940

West Virginia 19650 30470

New Jersey 31650 43040

Kansas 21590 33780

Connecticut 32030 44400

Virginia 26550 39130

Wisconsin 22380 35240

California 27460 41980

District of Columbia 40800 57980

Nevada NA 34300

Oklahoma NA 31150

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 143

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Maryland $17210 $67040 2895

Washington 13160 44120 2353

Hawaii 15810 52150 2299

Massachusetts 15060 45890 2047

New York 17470 51340 1939

Rhode Island 12020 35260 1933

Connecticut 13770 40270 1924

Colorado 13800 39970 1896

New Jersey 12130 35020 1887

Missouri 17520 47780 1727

Idaho 12040 32690 1715

Delaware 19750 52940 1681

Minnesota 16180 43210 1671

New Mexico 21240 56310 1651

Illinois 16120 42730 1651

Oregon 17120 45380 1651

Michigan 17050 44660 1619

New Hampshire 14800 38360 1592

Florida 16790 43440 1587

California 15330 39390 1569

Ohio 14450 35570 1462

North Carolina 14430 35400 1453

Louisiana 12990 31860 1453

South Carolina 18580 45510 1449

North Dakota 15900 37740 1374

Arizona 12370 29200 1361

Nebraska 15870 37070 1336

Virginia 16770 39090 1331

Indiana 20180 46550 1307

Georgia 15560 35610 1289

Utah 20850 47290 1268

Texas 19870 44560 1243

Mississippi 22920 50680 1211

Pennsylvania 18930 41510 1193

Wyoming 16400 35920 1190

Tennessee 16880 36560 1166

Iowa 16490 35520 1154

Maine 12560 26870 1139

Vermont 17870 38150 1135

Arkansas 21350 44690 1093

South Dakota 19380 40280 1078

Kentucky 17880 37060 1073

Wisconsin 15930 32010 1009

Kansas 17890 35500 984

Alabama 18750 37090 978

Montana 22850 43530 905

West Virginia 17860 32570 824

Nevada 31610 52150 650

Oklahoma 23900 37140 554

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144 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Total Growth

State Percentage

Idaho 810

Arizona 785

Wyoming 727

Arkansas 718

Utah 694

Kansas 690

Georgia 686

Virginia 686

New Hampshire 676

Tennessee 650

Maine 643

New Mexico 638

Colorado 633

Texas 622

New Jersey 622

Nevada 615

Kentucky 614

North Carolina 609

Florida 591

South Dakota 587

Wisconsin 581

Missouri 577

Indiana 563

Maryland 534

Montana 533

Ohio 524

Alabama 513

Vermont 512

Mississippi 510

Oklahoma 504

Louisiana 502

Delaware 500

Massachusetts 491

Minnesota 489

West Virginia 477

Iowa 475

Rhode Island 474

Alaska 472

Connecticut 466

California 460

Pennsylvania 459

New York 449

South Carolina 446

Illinois 445

Michigan 444

Hawaii 443

North Dakota 383

Nebraska 312

District of Columbia 312

Oregon 238

Washington 203

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Oregon 552

Washington 494

Colorado 466

Alaska 375

Nebraska 372

North Dakota 364

District of Columbia 362

Massachusetts 351

Hawaii 304

South Carolina 295

Michigan 294

Illinois 294

New York 292

California 287

Pennsylvania 287

Iowa 286

West Virginia 283

Connecticut 280

Louisiana 279

Kansas 279

Vermont 278

Rhode Island 277

Minnesota 274

Delaware 271

Alabama 271

Mississippi 268

Ohio 261

Oklahoma 258

Maryland 258

Indiana 254

Montana 254

Missouri 242

Florida 237

South Dakota 235

Wisconsin 234

New Jersey 233

Kentucky 232

Nevada 232

North Carolina 231

Texas 229

Maine 223

New Mexico 221

Tennessee 218

New Hampshire 217

Georgia 213

Virginia 212

Utah 207

Arkansas 202

Wyoming 200

Arizona 191

Idaho 189

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Hawaii 2908

Arizona 2013

Texas 1945

Nebraska 1728

District of Columbia 1690

Michigan 1566

Florida 1532

South Carolina 1503

Kentucky 1476

California 1449

Ohio 1443

Washington 1434

Oregon 1430

Rhode Island 1430

Utah 1423

Tennessee 1371

Connecticut 1347

Pennsylvania 1337

Oklahoma 1307

Georgia 1303

New Jersey 1294

Colorado 1285

Indiana 1281

New Mexico 1251

Maine 1211

Missouri 1203

South Dakota 1165

Maryland 1127

Wisconsin 1123

Delaware 1067

New York 1065

Minnesota 1036

Nevada 1021

Kansas 1010

Virginia 991

North Carolina 978

Montana 962

Louisiana 929

Massachusetts 898

Vermont 837

New Hampshire 829

Alaska 827

West Virginia 826

Alabama 761

Illinois 751

Iowa 721

Idaho 710

Mississippi 693

Arkansas 444

North Dakota 305

Wyoming 220

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 145

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Idaho $21950 $28430 295

Delaware 21570 27670 283

Rhode Island 22010 26650 211

Washington 25110 29870 190

New Mexico 20550 24440 189

West Virginia 17450 20650 183

Oklahoma 19510 23030 180

Nebraska 20450 24040 176

Hawaii 25160 29530 174

Wyoming 19150 22390 169

Arizona 21680 25150 160

South Dakota 19510 22560 156

Oregon 25290 29120 151

Colorado 24370 27890 144

Iowa 21990 24930 134

Massachusetts 27090 30690 133

Virginia 22980 25940 129

New Hampshire 24430 27530 127

Georgia 22660 25420 122

Wisconsin 24080 26890 117

Alabama 19850 22160 116

New Jersey 26060 28990 112

Michigan 23070 25640 111

Maryland 24110 26750 109

South Carolina 21490 23800 107

Indiana 23140 25550 104

Montana 21300 23420 100

Utah 20340 22280 95

Illinois 25830 28280 95

Kansas 20760 22720 94

North Carolina 23260 25250 86

Missouri 21620 23470 86

California 26870 29160 85

Maine 24390 26440 84

Minnesota 26150 28260 81

Ohio 22440 24160 77

Nevada 25000 26880 75

Florida 22640 24150 67

Kentucky 21720 23100 64

Mississippi 19190 20280 57

Louisiana 20310 21390 53

Arkansas 20270 21300 51

Texas 21210 22230 48

Tennessee 22270 23340 48

District of Columbia 30570 31640 35

Pennsylvania 23740 24560 35

Connecticut 29320 29920 20

North Dakota 21480 21840 17

New York 26720 27160 16

Alaska 31220 31370 05

Vermont 27210 26250 -35

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Idaho $28430 $32770

Montana 23420 29880

South Dakota 22560 29080

Maine 26440 33480

Iowa 24930 31990

Hawaii 29530 36750

Nevada 26880 34300

Oregon 29120 36980

Oklahoma 23030 31150

South Carolina 23800 31940

Arkansas 21300 29560

Indiana 25550 33820

Wisconsin 26890 35240

Mississippi 20280 28630

Vermont 26250 34650

New Mexico 24440 33000

North Dakota 21840 30620

North Carolina 25250 34120

Nebraska 24040 33060

Kentucky 23100 32170

Tennessee 23340 32730

Florida 24150 33750

Arizona 25150 34880

Alabama 22160 31940

West Virginia 20650 30470

Louisiana 21390 31230

New Hampshire 27530 37450

Wyoming 22390 32510

Illinois 28280 38580

Georgia 25420 35840

Alaska 31370 42170

Washington 29870 40860

Missouri 23470 34460

Kansas 22720 33780

Delaware 27670 39050

Pennsylvania 24560 35970

Minnesota 28260 39840

Rhode Island 26650 38240

Ohio 24160 35910

Utah 22280 34110

Colorado 27890 39820

California 29160 41980

Texas 22230 35310

Virginia 25940 39130

Michigan 25640 39590

New Jersey 28990 43040

Connecticut 29920 44400

Maryland 26750 41360

Massachusetts 30690 45290

New York 27160 43590

District of Columbia 31640 57980

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146 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

California $19340 $43360 1242

Illinois 19070 41980 1201

Idaho 18820 40880 1172

New Jersey 18950 40550 1140

Texas 14790 31020 1097

Virginia 18770 37620 1004

Alabama 15590 30590 962

Arkansas 15110 29320 940

New York 19180 36880 923

District of Columbia 22390 42730 908

Rhode Island 19510 36890 891

New Mexico 18120 34080 881

Missouri 16900 31760 879

Louisiana 15000 27970 865

Pennsylvania 17770 32940 854

Arizona 18500 34290 854

West Virginia 14720 27250 851

Colorado 19600 36200 847

Oregon 21270 39100 838

Maine 19240 35270 833

Maryland 19390 35200 815

Wyoming 15980 28530 785

North Carolina 18850 33450 775

Indiana 19110 33840 771

Mississippi 15000 26480 765

Nevada 19750 34840 764

Georgia 18800 33010 756

Kentucky 16850 29580 755

North Dakota 16170 28360 754

Tennessee 17700 31020 753

Washington 21980 38410 747

Florida 18430 32200 747

Iowa 18790 32750 743

Minnesota 20560 35600 732

Oklahoma 16860 28870 712

Alaska 23990 41000 709

Nebraska 18490 31550 706

Ohio 18580 31660 704

Delaware 21220 36090 701

Michigan 19520 32980 690

South Carolina 18220 30550 677

Wisconsin 20670 34270 658

Massachusetts 23540 38970 655

Vermont 20220 33320 648

Connecticut 23390 38440 643

Kansas 17820 29080 632

Hawaii 22630 36400 608

Montana 18270 29060 591

South Dakota 18400 27900 516

Utah 18280 27710 516

New Hampshire 22860 34460 507

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 147

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 528

Utah 375

Idaho 370

Nevada 329

Colorado 296

New Hampshire 286

New Mexico 274

Georgia 274

Virginia 271

Minnesota 268

Florida 255

Kansas 250

Wisconsin 250

Mississippi 248

North Carolina 246

Texas 246

Oregon 238

Tennessee 237

Maine 236

Arkansas 220

Montana 217

Alabama 211

Washington 206

New Jersey 205

Alaska 200

Maryland 195

Indiana 193

South Dakota 191

California 190

Oklahoma 160

Missouri 154

West Virginia 145

Massachusetts 143

Kentucky 139

Michigan 139

Vermont 138

Ohio 128

Hawaii 125

Louisiana 123

Iowa 120

Rhode Island 118

Wyoming 111

Nebraska 105

Illinois 100

North Dakota 98

Delaware 93

New York 84

South Carolina 79

Connecticut 69

Pennsylvania 61

District of Columbia 00

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 926

Arizona 874

Minnesota 764

Missouri 745

Pennsylvania 732

Massachusetts 675

South Carolina 675

Maryland 670

North Dakota 661

Tennessee 654

West Virginia 636

Alabama 625

Vermont 599

Utah 586

Kansas 575

North Carolina 571

Iowa 552

Washington 536

Georgia 535

Delaware 533

Indiana 531

Nebraska 530

Louisiana 527

Arkansas 516

New Jersey 513

South Dakota 509

Ohio 494

Mississippi 480

Oklahoma 467

New York 467

Texas 458

Kentucky 455

Hawaii 454

Maine 453

New Mexico 453

Michigan 452

Florida 415

Colorado 414

Illinois 410

Oregon 406

Rhode Island 396

Wisconsin 382

Connecticut 376

Virginia 368

California 360

Nevada 337

Alaska 312

Montana 299

New Hampshire 241

Idaho 223

Wyoming 180

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 1000

Hawaii 1000

Pennsylvania 817

South Carolina 800

Connecticut 775

New York 750

Illinois 728

Delaware 706

Nebraska 706

Iowa 692

Rhode Island 688

Ohio 679

Louisiana 678

Vermont 667

Michigan 659

Kentucky 658

West Virginia 646

Missouri 639

Oklahoma 629

Massachusetts 622

South Dakota 611

Alaska 600

New Jersey 600

California 586

Washington 581

Indiana 580

Maryland 576

Montana 571

Arkansas 559

Alabama 556

Wisconsin 545

New Mexico 540

Maine 533

Tennessee 526

Texas 524

Mississippi 521

North Carolina 520

Oregon 514

Florida 508

Georgia 500

Minnesota 500

Virginia 497

Kansas 494

New Hampshire 471

Colorado 444

Utah 444

Idaho 421

Nevada 375

Arizona 338

North Dakota 267

Wyoming NA

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148 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Illinois $28780 $37200 293

Louisiana 23610 29230 238

Georgia 24420 30050 231

New Hampshire 33710 41100 219

Virginia 26200 31550 204

West Virginia 25430 30480 199

Kentucky 27080 32400 196

Iowa 26440 31620 196

Wisconsin 28820 34220 187

Florida 26170 31040 186

Missouri 24620 29170 185

Indiana 26980 31790 178

Mississippi 24110 28290 173

Nebraska 24960 29220 171

North Carolina 26700 31260 171

New York 32750 38080 163

Minnesota 31300 36170 156

Arizona 25750 29460 144

Kansas 25280 28850 141

Hawaii 31280 35520 136

Colorado 29510 33500 135

New Jersey 34080 38660 134

Tennessee 24830 28060 130

Alaska 39180 44070 125

Michigan 29070 32650 123

Maryland 32340 36290 122

Arkansas 25880 28920 117

California 33590 37200 107

Maine 28590 31620 106

Ohio 27730 30660 106

South Dakota 25450 28140 106

Alabama 25540 28130 101

Pennsylvania 30430 33300 94

Oregon 32920 35940 92

Massachusetts 33230 36180 89

Oklahoma 25050 27130 83

South Carolina 28870 31210 81

Rhode Island 40160 43190 75

Texas 26610 28600 75

Wyoming 26790 28700 71

District of Columbia 32510 34780 70

Washington 30900 32820 62

Idaho 30160 31990 61

Montana 28110 29600 53

North Dakota 28540 29890 47

Connecticut 36540 37970 39

Delaware 28870 29610 26

New Mexico 33780 33810 01

Utah 24990 23460 -61

Nevada 34240 32100 -63

Vermont 28220 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Rhode Island $43190 $38240

New Hampshire 41100 37450

Alaska 44070 42170

New Mexico 33810 33000

Kentucky 32400 32170

West Virginia 30480 30470

Montana 29600 29880

Mississippi 28290 28630

Iowa 31620 31990

Arkansas 28920 29560

South Carolina 31210 31940

North Dakota 29890 30620

Idaho 31990 32770

South Dakota 28140 29080

Wisconsin 34220 35240

Oregon 35940 36980

Hawaii 35520 36750

Illinois 37200 38580

Maine 31620 33480

Louisiana 29230 31230

Indiana 31790 33820

Nevada 32100 34300

Pennsylvania 33300 35970

Florida 31040 33750

North Carolina 31260 34120

Minnesota 36170 39840

Alabama 28130 31940

Wyoming 28700 32510

Nebraska 29220 33060

Oklahoma 27130 31150

Puerto Rico 18020 22070

New Jersey 38660 43040

Tennessee 28060 32730

California 37200 41980

Kansas 28850 33780

Maryland 36290 41360

Ohio 30660 35910

Missouri 29170 34460

Arizona 29460 34880

New York 38080 43590

Georgia 30050 35840

Colorado 33500 39820

Connecticut 37970 44400

Texas 28600 35310

Michigan 32650 39590

Virginia 31550 39130

Washington 32820 40860

Massachusetts 36180 45290

Delaware 29610 39050

Utah 23460 34110

District of Columbia 34780 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 149

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Michigan $17120 $56980 2328

Idaho 20150 53770 1668

Rhode Island 26010 68100 1618

Illinois 22180 57060 1573

Delaware 17840 45640 1558

Louisiana 17910 45360 1533

Alaska 27300 66280 1428

New Mexico 21590 51910 1404

California 23560 56350 1392

New Hampshire 26730 63130 1362

Arizona 18700 44030 1355

Connecticut 24940 57740 1315

South Carolina 19380 44850 1314

Missouri 18820 43230 1297

Maryland 23650 54170 1290

Indiana 20120 45960 1284

Kansas 18610 42510 1284

Florida 19780 45100 1280

Oklahoma 17750 40200 1265

Georgia 19150 43280 1260

Nevada 20560 46280 1251

Mississippi 18260 40950 1243

Oregon 23460 52540 1240

Alabama 18570 41370 1228

West Virginia 19280 42940 1227

District of Columbia 22570 49930 1212

Virginia 20620 44960 1180

Wyoming 19460 42430 1180

Tennessee 18390 39390 1142

Massachusetts 24600 52030 1115

Pennsylvania 21640 45680 1111

New York 25840 54530 1110

Nebraska 19770 41600 1104

Colorado 22570 47380 1099

Kentucky 21580 44610 1067

Utah 16320 33560 1056

Arkansas 19660 40260 1048

Texas 19480 39860 1046

Maine 21240 43320 1040

Iowa 21450 43400 1023

North Carolina 21720 42930 977

Montana 20100 39080 944

Ohio 21840 41360 894

Wisconsin 24380 45830 880

New Jersey 27940 51830 855

Washington 24210 43530 798

North Dakota 22180 39300 772

South Dakota 20930 36880 762

Hawaii 26490 45890 732

Minnesota 27070 45690 688

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150 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 731

Nevada 670

Idaho 628

Georgia 599

Colorado 591

New Mexico 581

Utah 566

Texas 553

Tennessee 551

Kansas 551

Maine 546

Wisconsin 544

Virginia 529

Alaska 528

Florida 522

Arkansas 501

Minnesota 492

South Dakota 488

North Carolina 483

Alabama 461

Vermont 457

Montana 456

Massachusetts 451

Indiana 444

Maryland 429

New Jersey 417

Mississippi 415

Oklahoma 415

California 413

Hawaii 411

Iowa 402

Kentucky 398

Ohio 394

Missouri 389

Rhode Island 367

Delaware 367

Illinois 365

New York 356

North Dakota 354

Louisiana 349

West Virginia 348

Nebraska 340

South Carolina 317

Michigan 315

Connecticut 307

Wyoming 286

Pennsylvania 266

Oregon 249

New Hampshire 245

District of Columbia 201

Washington 192

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Oregon 517

New Hampshire 473

Colorado 466

Washington 436

District of Columbia 429

Wyoming 400

Pennsylvania 350

Hawaii 333

Massachusetts 330

Michigan 312

New Jersey 308

North Dakota 300

Nebraska 298

Kansas 292

South Carolina 290

West Virginia 286

Connecticut 283

Illinois 282

New York 281

Rhode Island 273

Ohio 267

Delaware 267

Kentucky 265

Louisiana 264

Maryland 260

Mississippi 260

Missouri 257

California 253

Alabama 250

Indiana 247

Iowa 238

Montana 235

North Carolina 235

Arkansas 228

Oklahoma 227

Minnesota 224

Vermont 222

Wisconsin 222

South Dakota 220

Virginia 213

Florida 213

Maine 213

Tennessee 211

New Mexico 210

Texas 208

Utah 200

Nevada 189

Georgia 186

Idaho 180

Arizona 164

Alaska 50

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

New Hampshire 1571

District of Columbia 1420

South Dakota 1051

North Dakota 948

Missouri 775

New Mexico 733

Kansas 730

Wisconsin 717

Massachusetts 702

Nebraska 688

Washington 686

Maine 683

Oregon 673

North Carolina 653

Mississippi 644

Minnesota 642

Iowa 641

Utah 625

Montana 619

Kentucky 616

Florida 614

Rhode Island 607

Oklahoma 588

Alaska 562

Ohio 557

Arizona 551

West Virginia 550

South Carolina 546

Indiana 523

Louisiana 511

Alabama 509

Nevada 503

Colorado 500

Illinois 500

Vermont 487

Pennsylvania 482

Michigan 480

Idaho 478

Tennessee 476

Georgia 461

Virginia 461

Hawaii 454

Arkansas 453

California 429

Wyoming 421

Texas 412

Maryland 402

Connecticut 396

Delaware 372

New York 336

New Jersey 280

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 151

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

District of Columbia $27140 $35890 322

New Jersey 28610 37350 305

Nevada 24370 31170 279

Wisconsin 22370 28130 257

Virginia 23460 28990 236

West Virginia 18880 23210 229

Maryland 26940 32870 220

Minnesota 24850 30280 219

Massachusetts 24880 30290 217

Arkansas 21810 26450 213

Delaware 23830 28530 197

Maine 21950 26270 197

Kentucky 22680 26850 184

Michigan 25510 30210 184

New York 27940 33030 182

Connecticut 29200 34390 178

North Dakota 20390 23950 175

Florida 23460 27380 167

Ohio 23680 27580 165

Indiana 22440 26120 164

Wyoming 22050 25650 163

Missouri 22430 26110 164

North Carolina 23130 26880 162

Idaho 21460 24850 158

Oklahoma 21300 24620 156

Mississippi 20440 23610 155

Montana 21100 24320 153

Alabama 19820 22840 152

Kansas 21900 25230 152

Pennsylvania 24920 28460 142

New Hampshire 24800 28330 142

South Dakota 22950 26210 142

Washington 26430 30170 142

Georgia 23890 27230 140

Colorado 27230 31010 139

Rhode Island 27550 31190 132

New Mexico 22610 25570 131

Tennessee 22010 24630 119

Illinois 23510 26140 112

Oregon 25960 28760 108

California 28740 31810 107

South Carolina 24390 26700 95

Texas 23450 25550 90

Nebraska 23860 25940 87

Iowa 22800 24770 86

Arizona 25200 27200 79

Alaska 30440 31470 34

Louisiana 22590 22440 -07

Hawaii 33080 31100 -60

Vermont 29900 28000 -64

Utah 21530 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

South Dakota $26210 $29080

Arkansas 26450 29560

Nevada 31170 34300

Mississippi 23610 28630

South Carolina 26700 31940

Kentucky 26850 32170

Montana 24320 29880

Hawaii 31100 36750

New Jersey 37350 43040

Florida 27380 33750

Oklahoma 24620 31150

Vermont 28000 34650

North Dakota 23950 30620

Wyoming 25650 32510

Rhode Island 31190 38240

Nebraska 25940 33060

Wisconsin 28130 35240

Maine 26270 33480

Iowa 24770 31990

North Carolina 26880 34120

West Virginia 23210 30470

New Mexico 25570 33000

Pennsylvania 28460 35970

Arizona 27200 34880

Indiana 26120 33820

Idaho 24850 32770

Tennessee 24630 32730

Oregon 28760 36980

Ohio 27580 35910

Missouri 26110 34460

Maryland 32870 41360

Kansas 25230 33780

Georgia 27230 35840

Colorado 31010 39820

Louisiana 22440 31230

Alabama 22840 31940

New Hampshire 28330 37450

Michigan 30210 39590

Minnesota 30280 39840

Texas 25550 35310

Connecticut 34390 44400

Virginia 28990 39130

California 31810 41980

Delaware 28530 39050

New York 33030 43590

Alaska 31470 42170

Washington 30170 40860

Illinois 26140 38580

Massachusetts 30290 45290

District of Columbia 35890 57980

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10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Maryland $20280 $51010 1515

California 19480 48760 1503

Arkansas 16580 41320 1492

Kentucky 16670 41470 1488

South Carolina 17070 41960 1458

Louisiana 14290 34790 1435

Michigan 18960 45480 1399

Texas 16350 38400 1349

Virginia 18270 42500 1326

North Carolina 17810 41230 1315

Oklahoma 15540 35940 1313

New Jersey 23450 54130 1308

Alabama 15190 34970 1302

Missouri 17000 39060 1298

Pennsylvania 18490 42430 1295

Georgia 17650 40320 1284

New York 20400 46450 1277

West Virginia 15260 34470 1259

Connecticut 22590 50920 1254

Oregon 18620 41930 1252

Mississippi 15830 35610 1250

Florida 18310 41140 1247

Colorado 20080 44700 1226

Illinois 17200 37840 1200

Kansas 16810 36910 1196

District of Columbia 23950 52470 1191

New Hampshire 18950 41510 1191

Arizona 18370 40230 1190

Tennessee 16440 35880 1182

South Dakota 17760 38580 1172

Wisconsin 19210 41620 1167

Massachusetts 20080 43490 1166

New Mexico 16840 36430 1163

Iowa 16790 36230 1158

Rhode Island 20270 43520 1147

Minnesota 20150 43020 1135

Washington 20090 42890 1135

Nevada 20680 44070 1131

Hawaii 21790 46360 1128

Vermont 19000 39920 1101

Indiana 18170 37670 1073

Montana 16490 34180 1073

Ohio 18880 39090 1070

Nebraska 18220 37040 1033

Wyoming 18020 36270 1013

North Dakota 16860 33780 1004

Maine 18920 36950 953

Delaware 21120 39470 869

Idaho 18800 33570 786

Alaska 23840 42250 772

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Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Nebraska 376

Alaska 328

Kentucky 312

Vermont 290

Washington 280

Louisiana 261

Wyoming 260

Arkansas 246

District of Columbia 239

Oregon 216

Connecticut 199

Maine 194

Montana 193

Maryland 187

South Carolina 183

Texas 182

Minnesota 179

South Dakota 170

Kansas 170

Colorado 165

Ohio 164

West Virginia 160

Massachusetts 158

Missouri 151

Alabama 150

Utah 147

Virginia 144

Wisconsin 143

Nevada 143

New Hampshire 138

New York 136

Indiana 133

Hawaii 130

Idaho 125

Michigan 122

Pennsylvania 121

North Carolina 117

North Dakota 114

Oklahoma 106

California 100

Illinois 95

Georgia 95

Iowa 92

Florida 92

Mississippi 76

Rhode Island 75

Arizona 72

Tennessee 66

Delaware NA

New Mexico NA

New Jersey NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

North Dakota 1000

Tennessee 1000

Utah 1000

West Virginia 857

Connecticut 800

Wyoming 800

Pennsylvania 769

Alabama 750

Michigan 750

New York 750

Kansas 737

Indiana 733

Massachusetts 722

Virginia 719

Alaska 700

Georgia 700

Louisiana 700

Oregon 700

Ohio 695

Arkansas 682

District of Columbia 667

Kentucky 667

Maine 667

Montana 667

New Hampshire 667

Rhode Island 667

Wisconsin 667

Missouri 633

Washington 633

Maryland 629

Minnesota 625

South Dakota 600

Illinois 591

Texas 586

Nebraska 583

Vermont 571

Mississippi 556

Nevada 550

California 533

Arizona 529

Florida 517

Idaho 500

Iowa 500

North Carolina 500

Oklahoma 500

Colorado 440

Delaware NA

Hawaii NA

New Jersey NA

New Mexico NA

South Carolina NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Nevada 290

Idaho 268

Utah 206

Arizona 205

California 200

Florida 190

Colorado 189

Wisconsin 179

North Carolina 175

Vermont 173

Mississippi 161

Nebraska 155

Wyoming 154

Illinois 153

Texas 152

Montana 136

Oklahoma 135

Minnesota 134

South Dakota 132

Maine 131

Washington 129

Missouri 128

Hawaii 125

Maryland 123

New Hampshire 119

Oregon 118

Iowa 111

Kentucky 110

Kansas 109

Arkansas 105

Alabama 104

Louisiana 103

Rhode Island 100

Massachusetts 99

Indiana 98

Ohio 96

Alaska 95

North Dakota 83

Virginia 83

Tennessee 79

Georgia 74

Michigan 73

New York 62

Pennsylvania 60

Connecticut 58

District of Columbia 37

South Carolina 13

West Virginia 07

Delaware NA

New Jersey NA

New Mexico NA

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154 Workers Who Care A 154

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Mississippi $32550 $48580 492

Arkansas 33370 48460 452

District of Columbia 53720 76790 429

Illinois 44190 63010 426

Wisconsin 36280 51570 421

Arizona 39770 56080 410

Rhode Island 43080 60280 399

Massachusetts 46360 64590 393

Maryland 44300 61170 381

New Mexico 36930 50690 373

Maine 40700 54400 337

Iowa 38790 51360 324

Tennessee 38590 50970 321

North Carolina 39530 51680 307

Louisiana 36680 47900 306

Georgia 42780 55290 292

Delaware 44990 58020 290

Hawaii 43450 55540 278

South Carolina 30050 38390 278

New Hampshire 47050 59370 262

Washington 47400 59450 254

Nebraska 39520 49420 251

Wyoming 48240 59460 233

Nevada 45470 55660 224

Montana 39930 48890 224

Indiana 41460 50730 224

Vermont 41220 50060 214

Texas 41400 50000 208

Pennsylvania 46740 56330 205

New York 48190 57810 200

Colorado 50350 60260 197

Kansas 37710 45100 196

New Jersey 48610 57720 187

South Dakota 41140 48500 179

Minnesota 49010 57460 172

Connecticut 48440 56630 169

Michigan 49130 56970 160

Kentucky 42780 49530 158

Ohio 43780 49950 141

California 52990 59980 132

Oregon 45200 51110 131

West Virginia 52030 58690 128

Missouri 43220 47520 99

Florida 47650 51860 88

Virginia 46930 50690 80

North Dakota 45330 48760 76

Utah 52140 52760 12

Alabama 48430 47860 -12

Alaska 72550 69920 -36

Oklahoma 51000 48950 -40

Idaho NA 57540 NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

West Virginia $58690 $30470

Alaska 69920 42170

Wyoming 59460 32510

Idaho 57540 32770

Illinois 63010 38580

Rhode Island 60280 38240

New Hampshire 59370 37450

Nevada 55660 34300

Arizona 56080 34880

Maine 54400 33480

Colorado 60260 39820

Pennsylvania 56330 35970

Mississippi 48580 28630

Maryland 61170 41360

Georgia 55290 35840

South Dakota 48500 29080

Iowa 51360 31990

Massachusetts 64590 45290

Montana 48890 29880

Delaware 58020 39050

Arkansas 48460 29560

District of Columbia 76790 57980

Hawaii 55540 36750

Utah 52760 34110

Washington 59450 40860

Tennessee 50970 32730

North Dakota 48760 30620

Florida 51860 33750

California 59980 41980

Oklahoma 48950 31150

New Mexico 50690 33000

Minnesota 57460 39840

North Carolina 51680 34120

Michigan 56970 39590

Kentucky 49530 32170

Indiana 50730 33820

Louisiana 47900 31230

Nebraska 49420 33060

Wisconsin 51570 35240

Alabama 47860 31940

Vermont 50060 34650

New Jersey 57720 43040

Texas 50000 35310

New York 57810 43590

Oregon 51110 36980

Ohio 49950 35910

Missouri 47520 34460

Connecticut 56630 44400

Virginia 50690 39130

Kansas 45100 33780

South Carolina 38390 31940

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 155

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Georgia $25560 $87400 2419

Oklahoma 24200 79280 2276

Louisiana 22230 69910 2145

Alabama 24760 76250 2080

Indiana 27450 84120 2064

Mississippi 25130 75640 2010

Illinois 29930 88790 1967

Texas 26610 78870 1964

Tennessee 26710 77310 1894

Ohio 27790 77000 1771

New Mexico 26220 71660 1733

Pennsylvania 32160 85780 1667

Colorado 33650 87990 1615

Nebraska 30270 78460 1592

Kansas 29280 75450 1577

Missouri 27730 70770 1552

Idaho 35550 90720 1552

Wyoming 35650 88510 1483

California 35640 87000 1441

Arizona 34540 83620 1421

South Carolina 23160 55650 1403

Virginia 31600 75260 1382

New York 36070 84810 1351

Michigan 36370 83820 1305

Maryland 37450 86280 1304

Hawaii 36260 82290 1269

West Virginia 38350 86860 1265

Iowa 31130 70470 1264

New Hampshire 37640 85200 1264

North Dakota 31910 72070 1259

Utah 32620 73240 1245

Connecticut 36970 82080 1220

North Carolina 34300 76000 1216

Massachusetts 40070 88560 1210

Nevada 34960 77220 1209

Wisconsin 33670 73140 1172

Montana 33720 72930 1163

Kentucky 31570 68250 1162

Florida 34030 73420 1158

New Jersey 37580 80810 1150

Alaska 46530 98010 1106

Oregon 34960 72230 1066

Delaware 38930 79770 1049

District of Columbia 51690 104710 1026

Rhode Island 42410 85560 1017

Arkansas 33110 64770 956

Washington 42620 83210 952

Maine 38140 73560 929

South Dakota 36470 69110 895

Minnesota 40110 74590 860

Vermont 36840 67160 823

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Total Growth

State Percentage

Nevada 624

Alaska 583

Utah 554

Colorado 515

Idaho 506

Arizona 495

Wyoming 455

Delaware 443

Kansas 399

New Hampshire 391

Mississippi 389

Montana 382

New Mexico 350

Texas 340

North Carolina 333

Vermont 332

Florida 315

California 312

Oregon 306

Georgia 298

Wisconsin 293

South Dakota 289

Alabama 289

Oklahoma 288

Maine 287

Arkansas 284

New Jersey 280

Virginia 274

Minnesota 269

Missouri 267

Maryland 266

Nebraska 265

Iowa 257

Kentucky 253

Louisiana 245

Tennessee 244

Massachusetts 240

Illinois 237

Ohio 236

West Virginia 221

Indiana 220

South Carolina 213

Connecticut 206

North Dakota 205

Michigan 205

Hawaii 202

Pennsylvania 191

New York 190

Washington 179

Rhode Island 179

District of Columbia 50

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 750

Massachusetts 519

Oregon 505

Colorado 467

Washington 423

New York 419

Rhode Island 419

Pennsylvania 406

Kansas 400

North Dakota 400

South Carolina 400

Michigan 391

Indiana 388

West Virginia 377

Illinois 356

Ohio 356

Tennessee 351

Connecticut 350

Louisiana 350

Kentucky 340

Hawaii 333

New Jersey 333

Minnesota 330

Maryland 329

Nebraska 327

Missouri 324

Virginia 322

Maine 318

Iowa 316

Arkansas 315

Wisconsin 313

Georgia 312

Oklahoma 309

Alabama 303

Alaska 300

New Mexico 300

South Dakota 300

Florida 297

California 293

North Carolina 290

Texas 279

Vermont 278

Montana 259

Mississippi 256

New Hampshire 244

Delaware 235

Idaho 211

Arizona 207

Nevada 176

Utah 167

Wyoming 00

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Oregon 1010

West Virginia 956

Missouri 937

South Dakota 934

Rhode Island 926

Kentucky 918

Alabama 897

Minnesota 879

Florida 870

Ohio 860

Michigan 844

Tennessee 841

Iowa 830

North Carolina 813

Maine 810

Pennsylvania 809

Texas 806

Nevada 800

Arkansas 796

District of Columbia 783

Illinois 774

Indiana 766

Oklahoma 765

South Carolina 765

Nebraska 764

Hawaii 761

Delaware 757

Virginia 729

Utah 724

Massachusetts 722

Connecticut 717

Maryland 704

Georgia 703

Louisiana 701

Wisconsin 697

Washington 691

New Hampshire 677

Idaho 660

New Mexico 647

Vermont 624

Mississippi 603

New Jersey 583

Kansas 582

Alaska 562

Montana 560

California 532

Arizona 525

Colorado 522

New York 502

North Dakota 484

Wyoming 441

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 157

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

District of Columbia $23620 $31190 320

Connecticut 22020 28000 272

Alabama 17090 21520 259

Arizona 21030 26350 253

Maine 19080 23870 251

Rhode Island 20160 25140 247

Louisiana 18310 22810 246

Georgia 19390 24120 244

Maryland 21530 26740 242

Nebraska 19800 24460 235

New York 21500 26490 232

Texas 20800 25580 230

Kansas 19620 24040 225

Virginia 19550 23840 219

North Dakota 20570 25070 219

North Carolina 19060 23120 213

Massachusetts 22040 26640 209

Michigan 21180 25440 201

Alaska 27470 32710 191

Montana 21900 26060 190

South Carolina 20090 23830 186

New Mexico 22040 26150 186

Wyoming 21970 25930 180

Ohio 19580 23100 180

Minnesota 23240 27250 173

Indiana 20180 23660 172

New Hampshire 19960 23380 171

Illinois 20920 24480 170

Idaho 21860 25560 169

Nevada 25200 29440 168

Washington 27010 31480 165

Wisconsin 20450 23770 162

Oregon 25310 29370 160

Mississippi 18770 21710 157

New Jersey 21160 24440 155

Oklahoma 18850 21620 147

Arkansas 17830 20450 147

Missouri 19060 21790 143

Tennessee 20540 23410 140

South Dakota 21710 24740 140

Utah 23690 26990 139

West Virginia 18250 20710 135

Iowa 20280 22590 114

Florida 20160 22360 109

Colorado 25780 28590 109

Hawaii 24860 27550 108

Kentucky 20000 22030 102

Pennsylvania 19380 21300 99

California 30660 33090 79

Vermont 21160 22760 76

Delaware 18990 20270 67

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Montana $26060 $29880

South Dakota 24740 29080

Nevada 29440 34300

North Dakota 25070 30620

Virgin Islands 22530 28340

Wyoming 25930 32510

New Mexico 26150 33000

Mississippi 21710 28630

Utah 26990 34110

Idaho 25560 32770

Oregon 29370 36980

South Carolina 23830 31940

Louisiana 22810 31230

Arizona 26350 34880

Nebraska 24460 33060

California 33090 41980

Arkansas 20450 29560

Hawaii 27550 36750

Tennessee 23410 32730

Washington 31480 40860

Iowa 22590 31990

Alaska 32710 42170

Oklahoma 21620 31150

Maine 23870 33480

Kansas 24040 33780

Texas 25580 35310

West Virginia 20710 30470

Kentucky 22030 32170

Indiana 23660 33820

Alabama 21520 31940

North Carolina 23120 34120

Colorado 28590 39820

Florida 22360 33750

Wisconsin 23770 35240

Georgia 24120 35840

Vermont 22760 34650

Minnesota 27250 39840

Missouri 21790 34460

Ohio 23100 35910

Rhode Island 25140 38240

New Hampshire 23380 37450

Illinois 24480 38580

Michigan 25440 39590

Maryland 26740 41360

Pennsylvania 21300 35970

Virginia 23840 39130

Connecticut 28000 44400

New York 26490 43590

New Jersey 24440 43040

Massachusetts 26640 45290

Delaware 20270 39050

District of Columbia 31190 57980

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158 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Rhode Island $14680 $36690 1499

New York 16740 38630 1308

Delaware 13540 30590 1259

Georgia 16160 34090 1110

Kentucky 14890 31250 1099

North Carolina 15580 32450 1083

Maryland 18620 38760 1082

Connecticut 18970 39480 1081

West Virginia 14250 29590 1076

Pennsylvania 14650 30400 1075

Vermont 15510 32020 1064

New Jersey 16750 34540 1062

Ohio 15690 32240 1055

New Mexico 18290 37160 1032

Wisconsin 16260 32580 1004

Tennessee 16300 31980 962

South Carolina 16660 32380 944

Missouri 15360 29650 930

Mississippi 15480 29840 928

Virginia 17020 32690 921

Hawaii 18720 35710 908

Louisiana 15900 30240 902

Massachusetts 19050 36210 901

Kansas 17460 32950 887

Maine 17050 32060 880

New Hampshire 16980 31850 876

Indiana 16880 31460 864

Illinois 18160 33730 857

Florida 16060 29770 854

Wyoming 18960 34840 838

Arizona 19220 35250 834

Michigan 18630 34010 826

California 24060 43620 813

Minnesota 19650 35570 810

Idaho 18690 33710 804

North Dakota 19340 34870 803

Alabama 15600 27990 794

Texas 18720 33580 794

Iowa 16350 29160 783

Colorado 20440 36160 769

Oklahoma 15880 28030 765

Nebraska 18500 32490 756

South Dakota 19030 33310 750

Arkansas 15450 26990 747

Montana 19610 34030 735

Alaska 24420 41870 715

District of Columbia 23990 40640 694

Oregon 21430 36110 685

Nevada 21770 36210 663

Utah 20650 34340 663

Washington 24130 39490 637

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 159

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 507

Idaho 460

Nevada 416

Utah 392

Colorado 364

Wyoming 346

New Mexico 323

North Carolina 315

Arkansas 314

Georgia 311

New Hampshire 308

Texas 300

Mississippi 299

Kansas 299

Florida 297

Virginia 278

Minnesota 277

Wisconsin 277

South Dakota 270

Alaska 267

Montana 254

New Jersey 246

Missouri 243

Oregon 240

Maine 232

Indiana 226

Tennessee 221

California 215

Alabama 214

Maryland 212

Delaware 204

Washington 201

West Virginia 198

Rhode Island 194

Ohio 186

Oklahoma 185

North Dakota 180

Iowa 180

Massachusetts 174

Hawaii 167

Nebraska 165

New York 164

Connecticut 153

Louisiana 149

Vermont 147

Michigan 128

Kentucky 122

Illinois 122

South Carolina 70

Pennsylvania 64

District of Columbia 26

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 833

South Carolina 750

Pennsylvania 743

Illinois 608

Kentucky 604

Michigan 589

Vermont 583

Louisiana 580

Massachusetts 555

Connecticut 550

Iowa 538

Nebraska 538

New York 526

Oklahoma 525

Hawaii 500

North Dakota 500

Ohio 500

Washington 500

Rhode Island 485

West Virginia 481

Delaware 476

Oregon 475

Maryland 472

Tennessee 469

California 466

Indiana 459

Alabama 458

Colorado 458

Missouri 447

Maine 441

New Jersey 440

Montana 419

Kansas 418

Wisconsin 412

Minnesota 404

Virginia 403

New Mexico 400

Florida 392

South Dakota 389

Mississippi 388

Texas 385

Georgia 377

Utah 375

New Hampshire 371

Arkansas 370

North Carolina 367

Nevada 304

Idaho 294

Arizona 270

Alaska 100

Wyoming 00

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

South Dakota 1045

District of Columbia 1004

South Carolina 867

Connecticut 853

Nebraska 848

Kentucky 838

Rhode Island 819

Montana 775

West Virginia 743

Ohio 743

Arkansas 736

Pennsylvania 725

Arizona 725

Massachusetts 719

North Carolina 710

Missouri 673

Tennessee 672

Wisconsin 671

Delaware 670

Virginia 669

New Jersey 665

Indiana 661

Alabama 656

Florida 651

Maine 635

Louisiana 630

Minnesota 626

Iowa 617

Utah 616

Idaho 591

Oklahoma 588

Vermont 584

Mississippi 574

Maryland 569

Kansas 568

New York 557

New Hampshire 547

Hawaii 535

Nevada 526

Wyoming 521

Georgia 515

Michigan 515

Texas 513

North Dakota 508

New Mexico 501

Illinois 500

Washington 493

Oregon 485

Colorado 476

Alaska 468

California 412

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160 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Missouri $33770 $54220 606

Maine 33710 45960 363

Massachusetts 42190 57070 353

Montana 30430 41150 352

Louisiana 31100 41210 325

Georgia 33050 43640 320

Pennsylvania 32740 43070 316

Wisconsin 34270 45040 314

Kansas 31220 40760 306

New Mexico 35420 45860 295

Nebraska 30300 39180 293

Iowa 30070 38790 290

Indiana 33620 43210 285

Colorado 36560 46800 280

Ohio 33380 42580 276

West Virginia 29950 38000 269

Arizona 35190 44550 266

Washington 40990 51660 260

Vermont 35310 44440 259

Virginia 34620 43560 258

Connecticut 40290 50390 251

Rhode Island 40100 50090 249

Texas 34430 42950 247

North Carolina 35810 44600 245

New Hampshire 38220 47550 244

Michigan 35590 44200 242

Minnesota 39200 48650 241

Oregon 40310 49980 240

Alaska 45740 56330 232

Kentucky 33350 40920 227

Illinois 35410 43130 218

New Jersey 43800 53260 216

Maryland 43850 53300 216

Oklahoma 32540 39510 214

Wyoming 36160 43900 214

Idaho 34940 42270 210

Florida 35840 43220 206

Nevada 41920 50510 205

South Dakota 33940 40770 201

Arkansas 31930 38240 198

District of Columbia 40490 48370 195

Mississippi 32750 38840 186

New York 44000 52130 185

Hawaii 43790 51880 185

California 44650 52810 183

Utah 34970 40910 170

South Carolina 37020 42650 152

Alabama 33800 38650 143

Delaware 40110 42260 54

North Dakota 34600 35880 37

Tennessee 41530 41260 -07

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Missouri $54220 $34460

Nevada 50510 34300

Hawaii 51880 36750

Alaska 56330 42170

Oregon 49980 36980

New Mexico 45860 33000

Maine 45960 33480

Maryland 53300 41360

Rhode Island 50090 38240

Massachusetts 57070 45290

South Dakota 40770 29080

Wyoming 43900 32510

Montana 41150 29880

California 52810 41980

Washington 51660 40860

South Carolina 42650 31940

North Carolina 44600 34120

New Jersey 53260 43040

Mississippi 38840 28630

New Hampshire 47550 37450

Louisiana 41210 31230

Wisconsin 45040 35240

Vermont 44440 34650

Arizona 44550 34880

Idaho 42270 32770

Florida 43220 33750

Indiana 43210 33820

Minnesota 48650 39840

Kentucky 40920 32170

Arkansas 38240 29560

Tennessee 41260 32730

New York 52130 43590

Oklahoma 39510 31150

Georgia 43640 35840

Texas 42950 35310

West Virginia 38000 30470

Pennsylvania 43070 35970

Colorado 46800 39820

Kansas 40760 33780

Utah 40910 34110

Iowa 38790 31990

Alabama 38650 31940

Ohio 42580 35910

Nebraska 39180 33060

Connecticut 50390 44400

North Dakota 35880 30620

Michigan 44200 39590

Illinois 43130 38580

Virginia 43560 39130

Delaware 42260 39050

District of Columbia 48370 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 161

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Missouri $26890 $69260 1576

Arizona 25820 64160 1485

Illinois 27560 60250 1186

Tennessee 26280 56180 1138

Arkansas 25240 53760 1130

Virginia 28150 59210 1103

Oklahoma 26440 54660 1067

California 35470 72560 1046

Nebraska 26580 54220 1040

Wyoming 29210 59420 1034

South Carolina 28530 57860 1028

Mississippi 26150 52990 1026

Utah 27570 55550 1015

District of Columbia 33430 66980 1004

Texas 28800 57420 994

Massachusetts 36750 72890 983

Montana 27840 54750 967

Maine 32110 62620 950

North Dakota 24250 47120 943

Pennsylvania 30180 58340 933

Colorado 32860 63050 919

Minnesota 34210 65450 913

Florida 29950 57230 911

South Dakota 29120 55070 891

Georgia 30250 57030 885

New York 37280 69920 876

Delaware 29880 55490 857

Washington 37640 69470 846

Louisiana 29930 55150 843

New Mexico 32410 59460 835

Oregon 35800 65370 826

North Carolina 31540 57530 824

Indiana 31070 56550 820

Michigan 31170 56670 818

Alabama 28340 51250 808

Kentucky 30290 54530 800

Iowa 29160 52020 784

Kansas 30180 53700 779

Maryland 39290 69890 779

New Jersey 39380 69840 773

Connecticut 37760 66890 771

Idaho 31370 55520 770

Wisconsin 32930 57740 753

Ohio 31770 54890 728

Vermont 33160 56480 703

Nevada 38460 65180 695

West Virginia 28840 48840 693

Hawaii 39160 65590 675

Alaska 43400 71030 637

New Hampshire 37550 58200 550

Rhode Island 39590 59900 513

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162 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 731

Colorado 579

Idaho 578

Nevada 533

Utah 533

Mississippi 526

New Mexico 500

Georgia 486

Texas 474

North Carolina 471

Montana 471

Florida 444

Wisconsin 443

Kansas 429

Arkansas 418

Minnesota 416

Maine 411

Nebraska 404

California 400

West Virginia 384

Rhode Island 352

Tennessee 342

Delaware 333

Indiana 333

New Jersey 333

Virginia 331

Ohio 328

Oklahoma 324

Missouri 322

Iowa 309

Connecticut 304

Louisiana 302

Michigan 302

Maryland 286

New York 274

Vermont 273

Illinois 270

Massachusetts 269

Oregon 265

Kentucky 202

Washington 182

South Carolina 179

Alabama 167

Pennsylvania 164

District of Columbia 161

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

New Hampshire NA

North Dakota NA

South Dakota NA

Wyoming NA

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Delaware 298

District of Columbia 275

Louisiana 237

Kentucky 207

Idaho 200

South Carolina 163

Missouri 153

Illinois 147

New Jersey 140

Tennessee 131

Montana 131

Wisconsin 129

Arizona 124

Rhode Island 120

Arkansas 119

Pennsylvania 118

Alabama 107

Oklahoma 106

West Virginia 105

Massachusetts 104

Indiana 102

New Mexico 97

Oregon 97

Maryland 96

Iowa 94

Florida 92

Vermont 89

Texas 87

Georgia 87

North Carolina 84

Kansas 77

Mississippi 74

Nevada 69

Connecticut 66

New York 65

Utah 65

Virginia 59

Minnesota 58

Washington 54

Ohio 53

Michigan 53

Maine 43

California 43

Colorado 42

Nebraska 27

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

New Hampshire NA

North Dakota NA

South Dakota NA

Wyoming NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Oregon 550

Iowa 500

Colorado 476

Massachusetts 472

Pennsylvania 455

District of Columbia 400

New York 400

Oklahoma 400

South Carolina 400

Kentucky 393

Louisiana 360

Kansas 357

Alabama 333

Maine 333

Nebraska 333

New Jersey 333

Rhode Island 333

Vermont 333

Illinois 324

Maryland 318

Michigan 304

Connecticut 300

Indiana 300

Missouri 300

Virginia 300

Washington 300

West Virginia 300

Ohio 286

Tennessee 286

Georgia 280

Delaware 273

California 250

Minnesota 250

Montana 250

North Carolina 250

Wisconsin 250

Florida 244

Arkansas 222

Texas 217

Mississippi 214

Idaho 211

Arizona 155

Nevada 100

Utah 00

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

New Hampshire NA

New Mexico NA

North Dakota NA

South Dakota NA

Wyoming NA

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 163

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Idaho $27200 $41140 513

Colorado 27810 39460 419

Maine 29840 40080 343

Illinois 28720 38420 338

Pennsylvania 29790 38740 300

Virginia 31430 40720 296

Arizona 28330 36060 273

Louisiana 29430 37380 270

Minnesota 30440 38650 270

Michigan 29520 37280 263

Missouri 26590 33510 260

New York 34880 43940 260

Nebraska 29620 37250 258

Massachusetts 36460 45380 245

Iowa 27080 33000 219

Georgia 29980 36500 217

New Mexico 29260 35440 211

Arkansas 26490 31910 205

Utah 24740 29570 195

Kentucky 27710 32870 186

Hawaii 38780 45850 182

Texas 30980 36400 175

Florida 32080 37530 170

Oklahoma 29290 33200 133

New Jersey 40830 46020 127

Wisconsin 34540 38460 113

Indiana 34890 38710 109

Alabama 28630 31350 95

North Carolina 31260 33990 87

Connecticut 38910 41970 79

West Virginia 31940 34010 65

California 40280 42860 64

Mississippi 28930 30410 51

Ohio 33360 34820 44

Kansas 28680 29660 34

Tennessee 32580 33280 21

Washington 39350 39490 04

South Carolina 35360 35150 -06

District of Columbia 37190 36960 -06

Montana 34180 31520 -78

Maryland 58730 51860 -117

Wyoming 36090 31010 -141

Nevada 40140 NA NA

Oregon 39480 NA NA

Vermont 29240 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Maryland $51860 $41360

Hawaii 45850 36750

Idaho 41140 32770

Maine 40080 33480

Louisiana 37380 31230

Indiana 38710 33820

Nebraska 37250 33060

Florida 37530 33750

West Virginia 34010 30470

South Carolina 35150 31940

Wisconsin 38460 35240

New Jersey 46020 43040

Pennsylvania 38740 35970

New Mexico 35440 33000

Arkansas 31910 29560

Oklahoma 33200 31150

Mississippi 30410 28630

Montana 31520 29880

Virginia 40720 39130

Arizona 36060 34880

Texas 36400 35310

Iowa 33000 31990

California 42860 41980

Kentucky 32870 32170

Georgia 36500 35840

Tennessee 33280 32730

New York 43940 43590

Massachusetts 45380 45290

North Carolina 33990 34120

Illinois 38420 38580

Colorado 39460 39820

Alabama 31350 31940

Missouri 33510 34460

Ohio 34820 35910

Minnesota 38650 39840

Washington 39490 40860

Wyoming 31010 32510

Michigan 37280 39590

Connecticut 41970 44400

Kansas 29660 33780

Utah 29570 34110

District of Columbia 36960 57980

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164 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Massachusetts $25980 $75070 1890

Arkansas 18300 47900 1617

Wyoming 18780 45360 1415

Alabama 19480 43630 1240

Montana 19460 43310 1226

Georgia 23580 51360 1178

Connecticut 26540 57750 1176

Washington 25320 54720 1161

Michigan 24410 52740 1161

Nebraska 24600 51510 1094

Texas 24170 49590 1052

Pennsylvania 26470 53490 1021

North Carolina 22970 45220 969

Arizona 25160 49490 967

New Mexico 24240 47380 955

California 29510 57470 947

Missouri 23410 45360 938

Wisconsin 24650 47590 931

New York 30420 58420 920

Oklahoma 23340 44380 901

Colorado 28370 52700 858

South Carolina 24730 45820 853

Illinois 26890 49640 846

Kansas 20920 38490 840

District of Columbia 26530 48770 838

Iowa 24130 43760 814

Idaho 30570 54990 799

Virginia 29770 53410 794

Ohio 25030 44700 786

New Jersey 33150 59160 785

Maryland 38090 67620 775

Kentucky 24740 43420 755

Hawaii 32340 55820 726

Minnesota 28940 49700 717

West Virginia 25550 43690 710

Tennessee 25150 42860 704

Utah 23390 38660 653

Mississippi 23380 38510 647

Indiana 29150 47640 634

Florida 29950 46720 560

Louisiana 29320 45230 543

Maine 33270 46990 412

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 165

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 533

South Dakota 463

Kentucky 367

South Carolina 363

Kansas 343

Mississippi 340

Louisiana 328

Oklahoma 318

Tennessee 318

North Dakota 317

Minnesota 315

Wisconsin 314

Alabama 312

Montana 293

Massachusetts 284

Missouri 283

Pennsylvania 283

Indiana 276

Washington 274

West Virginia 271

Maryland 270

Maine 267

North Carolina 262

Texas 260

Arizona 259

Georgia 249

Nebraska 246

California 246

Florida 245

Connecticut 240

Ohio 230

Illinois 229

Utah 228

Nevada 221

Iowa 215

New York 209

Colorado 209

Michigan 208

Arkansas 203

Rhode Island 203

New Hampshire 190

Virginia 182

Idaho 175

New Jersey 175

Delaware 174

Oregon 167

New Mexico 162

Alaska 156

Wyoming 120

Hawaii NA

Vermont NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 667

Alaska 600

South Carolina 575

Oregon 533

Pennsylvania 529

Connecticut 500

Iowa 500

Massachusetts 475

Colorado 466

Washington 417

Illinois 404

Alabama 400

Delaware 400

New Mexico 400

Michigan 386

Kentucky 385

New York 385

North Dakota 375

Rhode Island 375

Louisiana 367

Kansas 365

Ohio 362

Maryland 345

New Jersey 333

Tennessee 333

Utah 333

Indiana 329

Virginia 327

Missouri 314

Maine 313

South Dakota 313

Montana 286

West Virginia 286

Arkansas 280

Nebraska 278

Minnesota 273

North Carolina 273

California 262

Texas 259

Florida 250

Georgia 250

Oklahoma 250

Wisconsin 250

Mississippi 245

New Hampshire 231

Idaho 214

Nevada 200

Arizona 167

Hawaii NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 637

Colorado 500

Nevada 492

Idaho 477

Utah 472

Kansas 430

Georgia 423

Mississippi 406

Alaska 400

New Mexico 400

New Hampshire 391

North Carolina 381

Texas 381

Florida 367

California 360

Montana 360

Minnesota 358

Wisconsin 357

South Dakota 324

Arkansas 318

Maine 308

Nebraska 304

Missouri 298

West Virginia 290

Massachusetts 286

Tennessee 283

Indiana 276

Oklahoma 270

North Dakota 269

New Jersey 267

Virginia 262

Louisiana 259

Oregon 254

Rhode Island 249

Maryland 245

Ohio 229

Alabama 229

Delaware 214

Iowa 214

Kentucky 214

Washington 211

Michigan 201

Illinois 196

Connecticut 193

New York 187

Wyoming 167

Pennsylvania 115

South Carolina 114

District of Columbia 63

Hawaii NA

Vermont NA

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166 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Wisconsin $30020 $39700 322

Georgia 23960 31320 307

Maine 26580 34670 304

Montana 28710 37240 297

Arizona 31720 40830 287

New York 28360 36490 287

Mississippi 21940 28150 283

Connecticut 35200 44610 267

Illinois 30650 38740 264

New Mexico 23630 29490 248

North Dakota 25470 31800 249

Nevada 33100 41190 244

Kansas 25730 32010 244

Wyoming 24530 30480 243

Florida 27670 34260 238

Washington 32420 39990 233

Colorado 29800 36730 233

Arkansas 23130 28500 232

South Dakota 25550 31380 228

Texas 27500 33780 228

Virginia 29090 35260 212

California 33910 41010 209

South Carolina 26570 32140 210

Ohio 28230 33880 200

Rhode Island 32590 39130 201

New Jersey 33680 40400 200

Missouri 27400 32800 197

Michigan 30290 36250 197

West Virginia 25890 30810 190

Massachusetts 34200 40660 189

Alabama 24150 28620 185

Minnesota 34720 41150 185

Kentucky 26960 31670 175

Iowa 26930 31560 172

Maryland 35610 41670 170

Louisiana 25480 29670 164

Oregon 33440 38900 163

Indiana 31170 36000 155

Alaska 36220 41770 153

Tennessee 29930 34230 144

Nebraska 28170 31970 135

New Hampshire 31590 35710 130

Pennsylvania 28140 31450 118

North Carolina 29000 32140 108

Oklahoma 26460 28500 77

District of Columbia 33210 35390 66

Utah 28490 29570 38

Hawaii 34380 34270 -03

Idaho 36390 35910 -13

Delaware 31860 NA NA

Vermont NA 32150 NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Montana $37240 $29880

Nevada 41190 34300

Arizona 40830 34880

Wisconsin 39700 35240

Idaho 35910 32770

South Dakota 31380 29080

Indiana 36000 33820

Oregon 38900 36980

Tennessee 34230 32730

Minnesota 41150 39840

Maine 34670 33480

North Dakota 31800 30620

Rhode Island 39130 38240

Florida 34260 33750

West Virginia 30810 30470

Maryland 41670 41360

South Carolina 32140 31940

Connecticut 44610 44400

Illinois 38740 38580

Alaska 41770 42170

Iowa 31560 31990

Kentucky 31670 32170

Mississippi 28150 28630

Washington 39990 40860

California 41010 41980

Arkansas 28500 29560

Nebraska 31970 33060

Texas 33780 35310

Louisiana 29670 31230

Missouri 32800 34460

New Hampshire 35710 37450

Kansas 32010 33780

North Carolina 32140 34120

Wyoming 30480 32510

Ohio 33880 35910

Hawaii 34270 36750

Vermont 32150 34650

New Jersey 40400 43040

Oklahoma 28500 31150

Colorado 36730 39820

Alabama 28620 31940

Michigan 36250 39590

New Mexico 29490 33000

Virginia 35260 39130

Georgia 31320 35840

Pennsylvania 31450 35970

Utah 29570 34110

Massachusetts 40660 45290

New York 36490 43590

District of Columbia 35390 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 167

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Illinois $25190 $61410 1438

West Virginia 19710 46590 1364

New Mexico 18830 40460 1149

Missouri 21670 45380 1094

Arizona 26730 55970 1094

Idaho 22220 46000 1070

Alabama 19140 38650 1019

Louisiana 19840 40060 1019

Texas 22420 45090 1011

Wyoming 21410 42900 1004

Connecticut 28990 57950 999

Arkansas 19700 39240 992

Rhode Island 26890 53400 986

Colorado 25260 49660 966

Virginia 24710 48360 957

Tennessee 23940 46530 944

Maryland 28790 55900 942

Georgia 22460 43420 933

Pennsylvania 21910 42070 920

Nevada 28780 55140 916

Mississippi 19120 36570 913

Kansas 23110 44060 907

California 29650 55750 880

Indiana 25860 48490 875

Massachusetts 29230 54420 862

New York 27340 50830 859

Florida 24850 46020 852

Utah 21370 39510 849

Iowa 23160 41970 812

Nebraska 23650 42680 805

Kentucky 23360 42110 803

District of Columbia 25640 45840 788

New Jersey 30020 53420 779

Oklahoma 20590 36560 776

South Carolina 24140 42580 764

North Dakota 23990 42310 764

Ohio 25050 43680 744

North Carolina 24460 42260 728

Alaska 31420 54250 727

Minnesota 31190 53640 720

South Dakota 24150 41470 717

Washington 29940 51410 717

Wisconsin 30340 51690 704

Hawaii 25790 43830 699

Montana 26900 45230 681

Maine 26620 44250 662

Vermont 25190 41440 645

New Hampshire 27040 44200 635

Michigan 27970 44710 598

Oregon 30440 48020 578

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168 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 669

Vermont 462

Delaware 347

Hawaii 332

Oregon 315

Alaska 296

Georgia 290

Maine 276

Minnesota 262

Massachusetts 245

New Jersey 210

New Mexico 205

Rhode Island 201

Washington 199

Maryland 194

Colorado 180

New York 178

Oklahoma 169

Nebraska 166

Missouri 165

North Carolina 161

California 157

Mississippi 154

Florida 149

New Hampshire 148

Kentucky 142

Ohio 135

Indiana 127

Texas 127

Michigan 123

Wisconsin 123

Utah 121

Pennsylvania 114

West Virginia 111

Kansas 107

Montana 104

Connecticut 104

Tennessee 102

Virginia 101

Nevada 92

Arizona 88

Iowa 83

South Dakota 83

Louisiana 83

Alabama 80

Idaho 74

Arkansas 73

Illinois 73

South Carolina 41

North Dakota NA

Wyoming NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 875

Michigan 667

Rhode Island 667

West Virginia 667

New York 600

Arkansas 571

Illinois 571

Maryland 559

Washington 540

Indiana 533

Alaska 500

California 500

Delaware 500

Hawaii 500

Idaho 500

Iowa 500

Missouri 500

Montana 500

New Mexico 500

Ohio 500

Tennessee 500

Utah 500

Vermont 500

Wisconsin 500

Georgia 489

Pennsylvania 472

Mississippi 471

Colorado 460

Nebraska 455

Massachusetts 451

Virginia 448

Maine 429

New Jersey 429

Kentucky 400

Louisiana 400

Texas 400

Minnesota 397

Florida 383

Arizona 375

Kansas 375

New Hampshire 375

Oklahoma 350

Oregon 350

Alabama 333

North Carolina 333

South Dakota 333

Connecticut 300

Nevada 100

North Dakota NA

South Carolina NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Utah 464

Nevada 450

Colorado 333

Arizona 315

Florida 298

South Dakota 286

New Hampshire 275

Texas 273

Minnesota 264

Alaska 263

New Mexico 263

Kentucky 256

Hawaii 244

Montana 242

Maine 235

Oregon 234

North Carolina 231

Missouri 223

Alabama 222

New Jersey 222

Virginia 221

Delaware 214

Idaho 212

Oklahoma 203

Mississippi 201

Pennsylvania 199

Washington 198

Connecticut 194

Arkansas 192

Nebraska 192

Georgia 185

California 182

Indiana 179

Wisconsin 179

Vermont 179

Massachusetts 178

Ohio 175

Kansas 172

Louisiana 162

Tennessee 153

Iowa 143

Maryland 142

Illinois 131

West Virginia 115

New York 115

Rhode Island 112

Michigan 89

South Carolina 59

District of Columbia 24

North Dakota NA

Wyoming NA

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 169

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Tennessee $30470 $53100 743

Connecticut 35770 49190 375

Oregon 32730 44400 357

New Hampshire 32280 42320 311

Georgia 38500 50460 311

Virginia 32460 42520 310

Illinois 32460 41940 292

Louisiana 28950 36870 274

Alabama 30900 39080 265

Wyoming 30350 38320 263

Oklahoma 26880 33880 260

Colorado 36490 45700 252

Missouri 31930 39600 240

District of Columbia 49980 61620 233

Kentucky 31120 38220 228

Florida 32690 40160 229

Washington 39150 47710 219

Maryland 54610 66520 218

South Dakota 35200 42770 215

Indiana 31220 37740 209

Vermont 35180 42120 197

Wisconsin 32400 38670 194

Idaho 34260 40350 178

Pennsylvania 34380 40100 166

Iowa 32230 37290 157

North Carolina 34590 39700 148

New York 37560 42940 143

New Mexico 33450 38120 140

Ohio 34790 39480 135

California 40230 44430 104

Maine 31030 34230 103

Michigan 40500 44570 100

Minnesota 39400 43300 99

Texas 32870 36100 98

Arkansas 37040 40600 96

Montana 31400 33940 81

South Carolina 38110 40740 69

Kansas 34050 36210 63

Nebraska 35720 37950 62

Massachusetts 39520 41900 60

Utah 34080 35700 48

Hawaii 37030 38370 36

Alaska 36660 37860 33

New Jersey 46280 46310 01

Nevada 42190 41380 -19

Mississippi 35950 34470 -41

West Virginia 28650 25140 -123

Arizona 45390 39650 -126

Delaware NA 43320 NA

North Dakota NA 26120 NA

Rhode Island 50780 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Maryland $66520 $41360

Tennessee 53100 32730

Georgia 50460 35840

South Dakota 42770 29080

Arkansas 40600 29560

South Carolina 40740 31940

Idaho 40350 32770

Vermont 42120 34650

Oregon 44400 36980

Alabama 39080 31940

Nevada 41380 34300

Washington 47710 40860

Florida 40160 33750

Kentucky 38220 32170

Colorado 45700 39820

Mississippi 34470 28630

Wyoming 38320 32510

Louisiana 36870 31230

North Carolina 39700 34120

Iowa 37290 31990

Missouri 39600 34460

New Mexico 38120 33000

Michigan 44570 39590

Nebraska 37950 33060

New Hampshire 42320 37450

Connecticut 49190 44400

Arizona 39650 34880

Delaware 43320 39050

Pennsylvania 40100 35970

Montana 33940 29880

Indiana 37740 33820

District of Columbia 61620 57980

Ohio 39480 35910

Minnesota 43300 39840

Wisconsin 38670 35240

Virginia 42520 39130

Illinois 41940 38580

New Jersey 46310 43040

Oklahoma 33880 31150

California 44430 41980

Kansas 36210 33780

Hawaii 38370 36750

Utah 35700 34110

Maine 34230 33480

Texas 36100 35310

New York 42940 43590

Massachusetts 41900 45290

Alaska 37860 42170

North Dakota 26120 30620

West Virginia 25140 30470

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170 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Tennessee $24540 $95610 2896

Maryland 29730 106730 2590

Nevada 18540 64050 2455

North Dakota 13050 43590 2340

District of Columbia 31340 103490 2302

Arizona 20640 65190 2158

Illinois 22240 69850 2141

Kansas 18080 56470 2123

California 23080 72010 2120

Indiana 19270 59380 2081

Colorado 23270 71270 2063

Missouri 20730 62400 2010

Pennsylvania 20550 61650 2000

Maine 18190 54450 1993

West Virginia 13620 40060 1941

Massachusetts 22570 66210 1934

Georgia 29020 83980 1894

Louisiana 19820 56620 1857

Utah 19570 55740 1848

New Mexico 20180 56400 1795

Iowa 20250 55470 1739

Texas 21610 58450 1705

Arkansas 24610 63670 1587

Nebraska 21580 55830 1587

Delaware 25140 64650 1572

Virginia 24910 63970 1568

Oklahoma 20600 52470 1547

Minnesota 26030 65120 1502

Alabama 24140 60290 1498

South Dakota 26510 65870 1485

New York 26600 66090 1485

Florida 24540 59780 1436

Kentucky 23190 56430 1433

Wyoming 22590 54950 1432

Wisconsin 23340 56590 1425

Ohio 23600 57220 1425

New Jersey 28800 69270 1405

Hawaii 24290 58270 1399

Michigan 26880 64160 1387

Oregon 27910 66430 1380

Alaska 24570 57610 1345

South Carolina 24640 57650 1340

Connecticut 30480 70940 1327

Montana 22230 50570 1275

North Carolina 25470 56770 1229

Mississippi 23690 51640 1180

New Hampshire 27770 60290 1171

Washington 31800 66150 1080

Vermont 31100 55510 785

Idaho 30550 53790 761

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 171

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 551

Idaho 489

Nevada 453

Utah 452

New Hampshire 450

Virginia 422

New Mexico 387

Florida 382

Colorado 381

Kansas 364

Alaska 360

Maine 358

Minnesota 346

Mississippi 337

Kentucky 330

Texas 328

North Carolina 326

Louisiana 322

Vermont 314

Connecticut 310

Tennessee 305

Hawaii 300

Arkansas 292

Montana 286

California 278

South Dakota 271

West Virginia 271

Wisconsin 266

Oklahoma 265

Maryland 265

Delaware 258

Massachusetts 254

Missouri 253

Georgia 251

Wyoming 250

Rhode Island 243

Iowa 235

Oregon 235

New York 233

Ohio 233

Illinois 231

Indiana 228

Michigan 228

North Dakota 226

New Jersey 225

South Carolina 200

Washington 196

Nebraska 195

Alabama 161

Pennsylvania 149

District of Columbia 50

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

South Dakota 926

District of Columbia 884

Massachusetts 719

Alabama 625

Nebraska 620

Connecticut 607

Vermont 589

North Dakota 587

Washington 580

West Virginia 542

Maine 517

Minnesota 491

Missouri 474

Pennsylvania 473

Ohio 471

New Jersey 466

Louisiana 458

Iowa 421

Wisconsin 408

South Carolina 402

Alaska 390

New York 390

Kentucky 389

Georgia 388

Delaware 385

New Hampshire 350

Indiana 349

Michigan 337

Maryland 336

New Mexico 334

Kansas 324

Mississippi 323

North Carolina 310

Arkansas 301

Colorado 298

Illinois 285

Tennessee 283

Texas 281

Oregon 278

Florida 275

Montana 272

Rhode Island 269

Utah 267

Nevada 257

California 257

Idaho 242

Wyoming 240

Oklahoma 238

Arizona 216

Virginia 188

Hawaii 162

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 727

Wyoming 600

Pennsylvania 535

Alabama 526

Washington 469

Colorado 463

Nebraska 462

Indiana 456

Oregon 450

South Carolina 450

New Jersey 438

New York 433

Michigan 430

North Dakota 429

Illinois 428

Oklahoma 425

Ohio 424

Rhode Island 417

Georgia 414

Iowa 400

Maryland 400

New Mexico 400

Wisconsin 400

West Virginia 395

South Dakota 387

Delaware 385

Missouri 382

California 375

Tennessee 375

Arkansas 368

Montana 364

Vermont 353

Connecticut 350

Texas 344

Mississippi 340

Louisiana 340

Kentucky 338

Maine 333

Minnesota 328

Massachusetts 310

North Carolina 308

Florida 300

Nevada 286

New Hampshire 286

Virginia 284

Idaho 273

Utah 250

Kansas 238

Arizona 235

Alaska 100

Hawaii NA

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172 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Tennessee $30780 $44490 445

Delaware 33780 47620 410

Nebraska 26850 36710 367

Hawaii 40200 54710 361

Illinois 29470 39680 346

Idaho 31860 41320 297

Louisiana 30960 38960 258

District of Columbia 42120 52750 252

Georgia 31950 39720 243

Oklahoma 30690 38150 243

West Virginia 27090 33460 235

Maryland 38410 47240 230

Iowa 31350 38210 219

Texas 34330 41460 208

Alaska 36800 44140 199

Kansas 33050 39620 199

Maine 35120 42020 196

Kentucky 30650 36510 191

Washington 39470 47050 192

Montana 30800 36670 191

Colorado 35640 42360 189

New Jersey 40920 48570 187

California 42640 50440 183

Massachusetts 37740 44610 182

New York 41020 47870 167

New Hampshire 34610 40360 166

Arizona 35580 41400 164

Minnesota 36960 42960 162

Nevada 43390 50240 158

Utah 38090 43860 151

Indiana 33440 38430 149

South Dakota 29830 34170 145

Connecticut 42430 48530 144

Virginia 34980 40000 144

Wyoming 35070 39420 124

Wisconsin 36840 41340 122

Vermont 39110 43670 117

Rhode Island 39640 44250 116

Ohio 35270 39300 114

Michigan 38500 42830 112

North Dakota 29920 33270 112

Florida 35110 38340 92

Oregon 42980 46900 91

Arkansas 34610 37640 88

New Mexico 33620 36210 77

Pennsylvania 36940 39640 73

Alabama 30840 32980 69

North Carolina 36210 38520 64

Missouri 35940 36970 29

South Carolina 34550 33760 -23

Mississippi 34250 31770 -72

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Hawaii $54710 $36750

Nevada 50240 34300

Tennessee 44490 32730

Oregon 46900 36980

Utah 43860 34110

Vermont 43670 34650

Delaware 47620 39050

Maine 42020 33480

Idaho 41320 32770

California 50440 41980

Arkansas 37640 29560

Louisiana 38960 31230

Oklahoma 38150 31150

Wyoming 39420 32510

Montana 36670 29880

Arizona 41400 34880

Iowa 38210 31990

Washington 47050 40860

Texas 41460 35310

Wisconsin 41340 35240

Rhode Island 44250 38240

Maryland 47240 41360

Kansas 39620 33780

New Jersey 48570 43040

South Dakota 34170 29080

Indiana 38430 33820

Florida 38340 33750

North Carolina 38520 34120

Kentucky 36510 32170

New York 47870 43590

Connecticut 48530 44400

Georgia 39720 35840

Pennsylvania 39640 35970

Nebraska 36710 33060

Ohio 39300 35910

Michigan 42830 39590

New Mexico 36210 33000

Minnesota 42960 39840

Mississippi 31770 28630

West Virginia 33460 30470

New Hampshire 40360 37450

North Dakota 33270 30620

Colorado 42360 39820

Missouri 36970 34460

Alaska 44140 42170

South Carolina 33760 31940

Illinois 39680 38580

Alabama 32980 31940

Virginia 40000 39130

Massachusetts 44610 45290

District of Columbia 52750 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 173

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Pennsylvania $20800 $56340 1709

Massachusetts 25170 65750 1612

Hawaii 34090 87030 1553

Illinois 22670 57700 1545

Nevada 27240 68930 1530

New York 28000 70030 1501

Connecticut 28580 71030 1485

California 28790 71050 1468

South Dakota 21360 52490 1457

Oklahoma 22400 54640 1439

Utah 26050 62730 1408

Colorado 26010 62350 1397

Arkansas 23600 55020 1331

Tennessee 26170 59230 1263

New Hampshire 25000 56400 1256

Nebraska 23270 52330 1249

Florida 24270 53900 1221

Texas 25740 57160 1221

Maine 26590 58640 1205

Kansas 25030 55080 1201

Virginia 25500 55580 1180

Missouri 23700 51530 1174

New Mexico 23840 51620 1165

Arizona 26120 56460 1162

Louisiana 24860 53490 1152

Maryland 29730 63400 1133

Oregon 30370 64100 1111

Iowa 25440 53190 1091

Montana 24690 51590 1090

Wyoming 26030 54270 1085

Mississippi 21520 44530 1069

Indiana 25510 52710 1066

Rhode Island 30010 61480 1049

North Dakota 22020 44840 1036

Michigan 29460 58660 991

Kentucky 24890 49540 990

Alaska 30800 61200 987

New Jersey 33590 66450 978

West Virginia 22970 45340 974

District of Columbia 35960 70910 972

South Carolina 23590 46300 963

North Carolina 27450 52480 912

Washington 33150 63300 910

Minnesota 30710 58310 899

Alabama 23590 44540 888

Idaho 29300 55290 887

Delaware 34250 63890 865

Ohio 28870 53150 841

Wisconsin 30350 55020 813

Vermont 32120 56710 766

Georgia 29530 51390 740

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174 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Total Growth

State Percentage

Idaho 767

Nevada 708

Arizona 644

Utah 636

Maine 630

South Dakota 625

Maryland 600

Montana 577

New Mexico 561

New Hampshire 561

Minnesota 541

Georgia 514

Rhode Island 512

Kentucky 502

Tennessee 489

North Carolina 484

Missouri 480

Wisconsin 461

Wyoming 461

Colorado 459

Kansas 458

Massachusetts 452

Oklahoma 451

Hawaii 449

Indiana 444

Virginia 412

Delaware 411

West Virginia 408

Illinois 402

South Carolina 393

Pennsylvania 389

Florida 377

Iowa 374

Alabama 372

Louisiana 366

Michigan 357

Ohio 349

California 348

Alaska 339

New Jersey 333

New York 332

Vermont 320

Connecticut 318

Nebraska 316

Arkansas 310

Texas 287

Mississippi 285

North Dakota 257

District of Columbia 237

Washington 196

Oregon 154

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Oregon 520

Washington 489

Colorado 463

District of Columbia 430

North Dakota 414

Texas 380

Mississippi 378

Alaska 367

Arkansas 361

Nebraska 358

Vermont 357

Connecticut 347

New York 345

Louisiana 344

New Jersey 338

California 336

Ohio 335

Michigan 330

Iowa 323

Florida 317

Alabama 317

Pennsylvania 311

Illinois 305

West Virginia 302

Delaware 302

Virginia 300

South Carolina 292

Indiana 285

Wisconsin 280

Hawaii 273

North Carolina 271

Tennessee 268

Kentucky 260

Missouri 260

Georgia 257

Rhode Island 253

Oklahoma 250

Massachusetts 248

Kansas 247

Minnesota 246

Wyoming 243

New Hampshire 239

New Mexico 233

Montana 231

Maryland 227

Maine 218

South Dakota 217

Arizona 216

Nevada 206

Utah 206

Idaho 187

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 4564

Vermont 4219

Maine 2504

Nebraska 2396

Minnesota 2333

Wyoming 2304

Connecticut 2243

North Dakota 2110

Maryland 2102

Iowa 2027

Rhode Island 1980

New Hampshire 1917

Arkansas 1893

New York 1821

Utah 1811

Massachusetts 1789

Idaho 1776

Montana 1771

Alaska 1748

New Jersey 1679

West Virginia 1532

Hawaii 1442

Wisconsin 1436

Georgia 1372

Oregon 1342

North Carolina 1270

Pennsylvania 1156

Kansas 1006

Florida 998

Kentucky 953

Missouri 947

Delaware 906

New Mexico 884

Indiana 862

Alabama 852

Michigan 839

Illinois 834

Washington 814

Texas 787

California 780

Arizona 779

South Dakota 760

Ohio 739

Louisiana 719

Colorado 698

Mississippi 622

Virginia 585

South Carolina 570

Tennessee 527

Oklahoma 470

Nevada 331

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ssistants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health amp Health Care Workforce 175

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Louisiana $18000 $28750 597

Connecticut 28630 37220 300

Michigan 24530 31740 294

Arizona 22960 29050 265

Massachusetts 25070 30060 199

Alaska 25700 30660 193

Virginia 23050 27460 191

Vermont 22840 26880 177

Oregon 22830 26570 164

Georgia 21920 25380 158

West Virginia 15790 18180 151

Wisconsin 24180 27800 150

Hawaii 24110 27700 149

Florida 21760 24980 148

Indiana 22410 25700 147

Mississippi 18510 21230 147

Illinois 21670 24790 144

New Mexico 21340 24290 138

Delaware 23750 27020 138

Nebraska 19790 22480 136

Pennsylvania 21150 23960 133

Kansas 20960 23600 126

North Carolina 22500 25320 125

Kentucky 20470 22920 120

Colorado 24420 27260 116

Wyoming 19160 21330 113

Utah 19520 21690 111

New Hampshire 20450 22680 109

New Jersey 26250 29070 107

Maryland 26300 29130 108

California 27320 30070 101

Ohio 23110 25440 101

Minnesota 24400 26820 99

Nevada 25280 27520 89

Missouri 21750 23670 88

Idaho 19910 21630 86

South Dakota 19360 20970 83

Montana 20340 22010 82

Maine 22450 24250 80

New York 26940 28930 74

Rhode Island 23630 25360 73

South Carolina 21110 22440 63

Alabama 24140 25310 48

Arkansas 20180 21150 48

Oklahoma 19630 20420 40

North Dakota 20810 21490 33

Iowa 23570 24320 32

Tennessee 24430 24920 20

Washington 24660 23690 -39

Texas 22600 18450 -184

District of Columbia NA 35750 NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Louisiana $28750 $31230

Arizona 29050 34880

Alabama 25310 31940

Nevada 27520 34300

Connecticut 37220 44400

Mississippi 21230 28630

Wisconsin 27800 35240

Iowa 24320 31990

Vermont 26880 34650

Tennessee 24920 32730

Michigan 31740 39590

Montana 22010 29880

South Dakota 20970 29080

Indiana 25700 33820

Arkansas 21150 29560

New Mexico 24290 33000

Florida 24980 33750

North Carolina 25320 34120

Hawaii 27700 36750

North Dakota 21490 30620

Maine 24250 33480

Kentucky 22920 32170

South Carolina 22440 31940

Kansas 23600 33780

Oregon 26570 36980

Georgia 25380 35840

Ohio 25440 35910

Nebraska 22480 33060

Oklahoma 20420 31150

Missouri 23670 34460

Idaho 21630 32770

Wyoming 21330 32510

Alaska 30660 42170

Virginia 27460 39130

California 30070 41980

Pennsylvania 23960 35970

Delaware 27020 39050

Maryland 29130 41360

West Virginia 18180 30470

Utah 21690 34110

Colorado 27260 39820

Rhode Island 25360 38240

Minnesota 26820 39840

Illinois 24790 38580

New Jersey 29070 43040

New York 28930 43590

New Hampshire 22680 37450

Massachusetts 30060 45290

Texas 18450 35310

Washington 23690 40860

District of Columbia 35750 57980

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176 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health amp Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Iowa $13210 $38850 1941

Louisiana 15190 42770 1816

District of Columbia 20040 55560 1772

Michigan 18230 50360 1762

Nevada 15700 43080 1744

Alabama 14590 40020 1743

Texas 11440 29830 1608

Pennsylvania 13990 35250 1520

California 17870 44510 1491

Illinois 14560 35820 1460

Colorado 16120 39620 1458

Virginia 17250 42250 1449

Tennessee 15530 37370 1406

New York 18010 43100 1393

Massachusetts 19400 46400 1392

Maryland 18560 44330 1388

Connecticut 23040 53250 1311

Arizona 18900 42670 1258

Kentucky 14860 33490 1254

Oregon 17420 39080 1243

Wisconsin 17950 40160 1237

Missouri 15790 34620 1193

New Jersey 19250 41980 1181

Montana 15030 32770 1180

Indiana 16740 36410 1175

Hawaii 18390 39490 1147

West Virginia 12120 26020 1147

Oklahoma 13640 29120 1135

Arkansas 14270 30170 1114

Idaho 15400 32540 1113

Utah 15100 31780 1105

Nebraska 15580 32670 1097

Georgia 16810 35140 1090

Florida 16490 34380 1085

South Carolina 15430 32010 1075

Minnesota 18790 38870 1069

Rhode Island 16980 34540 1034

Alaska 20370 41330 1029

Delaware 18530 37590 1029

New Mexico 17130 34170 995

Mississippi 14770 29340 986

North Carolina 17680 34970 978

Ohio 17620 34830 977

Kansas 16450 32230 959

Washington 16880 33060 959

North Dakota 15350 29760 939

New Hampshire 15950 30920 939

Wyoming 15800 30330 920

Maine 18340 33030 801

Vermont 19940 35070 759

South Dakota 15900 27200 711

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health amp Health Care Workforce 177

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

New York 5918

Maine 3846

Minnesota 3837

Rhode Island 2870

Connecticut 2784

West Virginia 2769

North Carolina 2713

Montana 2678

New Mexico 2625

Vermont 2571

Ohio 2488

Iowa 2365

New Jersey 2215

Massachusetts 2208

Wisconsin 2169

Michigan 2163

North Dakota 2141

Texas 2106

Washington 2083

Oregon 2018

Hawaii 1993

Pennsylvania 1922

Arizona 1910

Oklahoma 1875

Alaska 1826

South Carolina 1793

Missouri 1745

Idaho 1689

Alabama 1669

Indiana 1642

Delaware 1476

Florida 1475

Kansas 1445

District of Columbia 1429

Nebraska 1399

Tennessee 1378

Louisiana 1325

Virginia 1270

Maryland 1237

New Hampshire 1207

Arkansas 1194

Kentucky 1119

Illinois 1108

Wyoming 1102

California 1095

South Dakota 1048

Utah 897

Mississippi 696

Georgia 687

Nevada 653

Colorado NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Connecticut 416

Washington 402

North Dakota 367

Oregon 367

Wyoming 367

Nebraska 333

West Virginia 320

Kentucky 319

New York 312

South Carolina 303

District of Columbia 303

Delaware 296

Indiana 289

Ohio 288

Michigan 286

Arkansas 276

Hawaii 273

Vermont 273

Illinois 272

Missouri 266

Pennsylvania 265

Montana 260

South Dakota 256

Iowa 254

Oklahoma 245

Mississippi 243

Maine 243

Tennessee 239

Massachusetts 234

Louisiana 234

North Carolina 229

California 227

Texas 221

New Jersey 221

Alaska 217

Minnesota 216

Alabama 215

Wisconsin 213

Florida 212

New Mexico 210

Nevada 209

Georgia 205

New Hampshire 204

Virginia 204

Maryland 204

Kansas 200

Utah 176

Idaho 173

Arizona 159

Rhode Island 26

Colorado NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 690

Utah 688

Idaho 631

Georgia 528

Maryland 518

Virginia 512

Nevada 510

New Hampshire 505

Wisconsin 504

Kansas 500

Alabama 489

Florida 480

Minnesota 476

New Mexico 470

New Jersey 463

Texas 461

Louisiana 452

North Carolina 451

California 444

Massachusetts 417

Tennessee 417

Alaska 410

Maine 406

Mississippi 403

South Dakota 403

Oklahoma 381

Iowa 380

Montana 373

Missouri 370

Pennsylvania 364

Rhode Island 361

Vermont 355

Illinois 351

Wyoming 345

Arkansas 337

Indiana 330

Michigan 328

Ohio 324

Hawaii 321

Delaware 319

South Carolina 303

New York 290

West Virginia 280

District of Columbia 280

Kentucky 280

Nebraska 266

Oregon 239

North Dakota 229

Washington 213

Connecticut 189

Colorado NA

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178 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Hawaii $16680 $22490 348

North Dakota 15770 19260 221

Arkansas 14590 17800 220

South Dakota 16490 20110 220

Nevada 17730 21500 213

Maryland 17140 20430 192

Illinois 17160 20030 167

Oklahoma 16440 19120 163

West Virginia 13590 15800 163

Wyoming 16510 19040 153

Georgia 15980 18430 153

Kentucky 16790 19340 152

Indiana 17680 20280 147

Washington 18190 20710 139

Idaho 15970 18100 133

District of Columbia 17220 19450 130

Minnesota 19350 21800 127

Missouri 16050 18050 125

Virginia 16320 18330 123

Wisconsin 18060 20230 120

Arizona 16720 18720 120

Iowa 16970 18910 114

Massachusetts 20810 23090 110

Montana 15820 17490 106

New Jersey 19060 20990 101

Kansas 17240 18900 96

Ohio 17710 19300 90

New York 18440 20010 85

North Carolina 16300 17630 82

Alaska 23020 24800 77

Delaware 18710 20060 72

Rhode Island 22750 24390 72

Florida 17760 18960 68

Nebraska 19000 20270 67

New Mexico 16960 18060 65

Pennsylvania 18080 19170 60

Maine 18530 19640 60

South Carolina 16670 17590 55

Tennessee 16640 17530 53

Oregon 18530 19440 49

Michigan 18580 18970 21

California 19880 19750 -07

Alabama 16480 16330 -09

New Hampshire 21100 20710 -18

Utah 19560 18850 -36

Connecticut 26540 25320 -46

Texas 16340 14680 -102

Louisiana 18520 16400 -114

Colorado 23010 19600 -148

Mississippi 19070 16170 -152

Vermont 17890 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

South Dakota $20110 $29080

North Dakota 19260 30620

Arkansas 17800 29560

Oklahoma 19120 31150

Montana 17490 29880

Mississippi 16170 28630

Nebraska 20270 33060

Nevada 21500 34300

Kentucky 19340 32170

Iowa 18910 31990

Wyoming 19040 32510

Indiana 20280 33820

Rhode Island 24390 38240

Maine 19640 33480

Hawaii 22490 36750

South Carolina 17590 31940

Idaho 18100 32770

West Virginia 15800 30470

Florida 18960 33750

Louisiana 16400 31230

Kansas 18900 33780

New Mexico 18060 33000

Wisconsin 20230 35240

Tennessee 17530 32730

Utah 18850 34110

Alabama 16330 31940

Arizona 18720 34880

Missouri 18050 34460

North Carolina 17630 34120

Ohio 19300 35910

New Hampshire 20710 37450

Pennsylvania 19170 35970

Alaska 24800 42170

Georgia 18430 35840

Oregon 19440 36980

Minnesota 21800 39840

Illinois 20030 38580

Delaware 20060 39050

Connecticut 25320 44400

Washington 20710 40860

Colorado 19600 39820

Michigan 18970 39590

Texas 14680 35310

Virginia 18330 39130

Maryland 20430 41360

New Jersey 20990 43040

California 19750 41980

Massachusetts 23090 45290

New York 20010 43590

District of Columbia 19450 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 179

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

New York $13680 $29930 1188

Illinois 12880 27710 1151

Oklahoma 14090 29090 1065

Georgia 12660 26070 1059

Louisiana 11870 24350 1051

Arkansas 12400 24740 995

Nebraska 13800 26880 948

Mississippi 11890 21650 821

Colorado 14510 26420 821

Alaska 17810 32260 811

Alabama 12110 21770 798

Kansas 14590 26030 784

Texas 11530 20250 756

California 15050 26400 754

Indiana 15220 26690 754

Kentucky 14590 25530 750

Rhode Island 18820 32900 748

Maryland 15310 26740 747

Pennsylvania 14380 24910 732

Delaware 15140 26170 729

Connecticut 19080 32800 719

Virginia 13940 23600 693

Washington 15890 26830 688

Wyoming 14110 23710 680

Wisconsin 15410 25790 674

New Mexico 14570 24190 660

New Hampshire 15870 26290 657

West Virginia 12240 20190 650

Massachusetts 17560 28740 637

Tennessee 13770 22470 632

Iowa 14720 23800 617

Minnesota 17210 27670 608

Michigan 14970 23930 599

Arizona 14640 23400 598

Ohio 15070 24070 597

District of Columbia 15310 24450 597

Missouri 14220 22690 596

South Dakota 15860 25290 595

Florida 14860 23640 591

Utah 14800 23310 575

Maine 15060 23690 573

North Dakota 15040 23450 559

New Jersey 16740 25860 545

North Carolina 14480 22150 530

Montana 14530 22030 516

Idaho 14540 21970 511

South Carolina 14510 21800 502

Nevada 17830 26750 500

Hawaii 18480 27480 487

Oregon 15630 23150 481

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ng

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Care

Ro

les | H

om

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ealth

Aid

es

180 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

South Carolina 769

District of Columbia 695

Connecticut 585

New York 475

Minnesota 475

Pennsylvania 474

Delaware 468

Wyoming 467

Colorado 463

Michigan 460

Louisiana 458

Maine 456

Indiana 439

Massachusetts 424

West Virginia 422

South Dakota 419

Nebraska 417

Washington 412

Ohio 412

Missouri 411

Alabama 404

Iowa 400

Illinois 389

California 385

New Jersey 385

Arkansas 380

Kentucky 379

North Dakota 376

Alaska 371

Rhode Island 371

Oregon 369

Vermont 366

Maryland 359

Tennessee 358

Wisconsin 348

Georgia 332

Montana 327

New Hampshire 326

New Mexico 320

Texas 319

North Carolina 311

Virginia 310

Mississippi 306

Florida 300

Kansas 297

Oklahoma 268

Hawaii 250

Utah 239

Idaho 225

Nevada 224

Arizona 207

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 502

Nevada 454

Idaho 451

Utah 417

Hawaii 344

Colorado 343

Florida 306

Kansas 300

Mississippi 297

North Carolina 292

New Mexico 291

Virginia 291

Texas 279

New Hampshire 275

Montana 270

Alaska 265

Georgia 262

Alabama 252

Oregon 249

Wisconsin 246

Tennessee 235

Maryland 233

Vermont 230

Rhode Island 224

North Dakota 216

Kentucky 215

Arkansas 213

New Jersey 210

California 209

Illinois 206

Washington 205

Iowa 198

Oklahoma 195

Missouri 187

Ohio 187

Nebraska 183

South Dakota 182

West Virginia 179

Massachusetts 173

Indiana 167

Louisiana 158

Maine 157

Michigan 154

Delaware 150

Wyoming 149

Pennsylvania 146

New York 146

Minnesota 145

Connecticut 93

District of Columbia 58

South Carolina 40

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

North Dakota 9322

Nebraska 8666

South Dakota 8007

Wisconsin 7715

South Carolina 7645

Kansas 7007

Maine 6982

Connecticut 6912

Missouri 6801

Rhode Island 6741

Iowa 6706

Oklahoma 6591

Ohio 6520

Minnesota 6457

Massachusetts 6442

Louisiana 6230

North Carolina 6030

Montana 5962

Kentucky 5837

Pennsylvania 5743

West Virginia 5712

Arkansas 5707

Mississippi 5567

District of Columbia 5490

Delaware 5471

Indiana 5195

Idaho 5116

Vermont 5025

New York 5001

New Hampshire 4969

Tennessee 4803

Maryland 4733

Alabama 4693

New Jersey 4617

Florida 4312

Wyoming 4307

Michigan 4271

Illinois 4218

Georgia 4142

Virginia 4028

Washington 4013

Texas 3961

New Mexico 3773

Utah 3600

Colorado 3486

Oregon 3457

Arizona 3380

California 2864

Hawaii 2681

Alaska 2653

Nevada 2608

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 181

Ap

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Care

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rderlie

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ttendants

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Wyoming $16960 $20920 233

California 19840 23910 205

Kansas 17690 21130 194

North Dakota 16920 20210 194

Texas 15760 18750 190

Rhode Island 21130 25070 186

Iowa 18640 22000 180

West Virginia 15430 18210 180

Colorado 20210 23800 178

Maryland 21500 25280 176

Oklahoma 15460 18060 168

Ohio 18790 21940 168

Idaho 16300 19000 166

Arkansas 15210 17720 165

Virginia 17930 20880 165

Delaware 20510 23890 165

Wisconsin 20030 23210 159

Massachusetts 22540 26110 158

Kentucky 17230 19910 156

District of Columbia 21280 24530 153

Arizona 18860 21710 151

Montana 16560 19060 151

Pennsylvania 19800 22750 149

Georgia 16260 18680 149

Florida 18150 20810 147

Washington 20670 23670 145

Tennessee 17190 19670 144

Louisiana 13630 15560 142

Missouri 16930 19320 141

New York 23880 27230 140

Michigan 20460 23320 140

Nevada 21200 24120 138

Utah 17330 19680 136

Nebraska 18560 21050 134

North Carolina 17780 20090 130

Illinois 18450 20620 118

Minnesota 21800 24330 116

Vermont 19310 21550 116

Maine 18900 21040 113

Hawaii 22600 25110 111

Alaska 26510 29480 112

Indiana 19260 21350 109

South Dakota 17310 19170 107

Alabama 15980 17710 108

New Mexico 17650 19520 106

New Hampshire 22140 24430 103

South Carolina 17110 18830 101

Mississippi 15110 16590 98

Connecticut 24820 27110 92

Oregon 20840 22560 83

New Jersey 22570 24070 66

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

South Dakota $19170 $29080

Iowa 22000 31990

Nevada 24120 34300

North Dakota 20210 30620

Montana 19060 29880

Wyoming 20920 32510

Hawaii 25110 36750

Arkansas 17720 29560

Nebraska 21050 33060

Wisconsin 23210 35240

Mississippi 16590 28630

West Virginia 18210 30470

Kentucky 19910 32170

Maine 21040 33480

Indiana 21350 33820

Kansas 21130 33780

Alaska 29480 42170

Florida 20810 33750

New Hampshire 24430 37450

Tennessee 19670 32730

Oklahoma 18060 31150

South Carolina 18830 31940

Vermont 21550 34650

Rhode Island 25070 38240

Arizona 21710 34880

Pennsylvania 22750 35970

Virgin Islands 14970 28340

Idaho 19000 32770

Ohio 21940 35910

North Carolina 20090 34120

Alabama 17710 31940

Oregon 22560 36980

Utah 19680 34110

Missouri 19320 34460

Delaware 23890 39050

Minnesota 24330 39840

Louisiana 15560 31230

Colorado 23800 39820

Maryland 25280 41360

Michigan 23320 39590

New York 27230 43590

Texas 18750 35310

Georgia 18680 35840

Washington 23670 40860

Connecticut 27110 44400

Illinois 20620 38580

California 23910 41980

Virginia 20880 39130

New Jersey 24070 43040

Massachusetts 26110 45290

District of Columbia 24530 57980

Ap

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182 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

California $17180 $33290 938

Georgia 13220 25390 921

New Mexico 13980 26350 885

New York 18960 35300 862

Illinois 14820 27260 839

Maryland 18630 34150 833

Louisiana 11740 21430 825

Texas 13720 25020 824

Kansas 15620 28480 823

Kentucky 14780 26560 797

Missouri 14480 25980 794

Mississippi 12230 21870 788

Colorado 17940 31680 766

Virginia 15600 27350 753

Rhode Island 19040 33320 750

Indiana 15830 27590 743

Washington 17940 31180 738

Pennsylvania 16900 29150 725

North Carolina 15250 26180 717

District of Columbia 18670 32000 714

Maine 15870 27180 713

Florida 15750 26910 709

North Dakota 15290 25830 689

Massachusetts 19940 33660 688

Idaho 14480 24410 686

Nebraska 16050 27030 684

Ohio 16710 28060 679

Oregon 17230 28910 678

Arkansas 13490 22610 676

Nevada 18440 30860 674

Tennessee 15190 25360 670

Minnesota 18970 31560 664

South Dakota 14700 24420 661

Arizona 16760 27540 643

Vermont 16680 27390 642

New Hampshire 19100 31270 637

Wyoming 16370 26790 637

New Jersey 18610 30350 631

West Virginia 14210 23040 621

South Carolina 14710 23850 621

Iowa 17350 27960 612

Connecticut 21280 34240 609

Hawaii 19660 31200 587

Wisconsin 18240 28900 584

Michigan 18210 28800 582

Alabama 14290 22360 565

Montana 14860 23240 564

Delaware 18820 29340 559

Utah 15480 23780 536

Oklahoma 14640 22380 529

Alaska 23850 35580 492

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 183

Ap

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rderlie

s and A

ttendants

Per Capita (total population)

Average 1895

Texas 4698

New York 4370

Montana 3908

Maine 3740

North Dakota 3545

Wisconsin 3241

Minnesota 3191

District of Columbia 2804

Kansas 2794

New Mexico 2738

West Virginia 2735

Washington 2438

Missouri 2345

Pennsylvania 2337

Alaska 2325

Vermont 2174

Iowa 2167

Louisiana 2048

Colorado 2036

North Carolina 1942

South Carolina 1817

Michigan 1772

Oklahoma 1706

New Hampshire 1696

Rhode Island 1631

Connecticut 1596

Tennessee 1592

South Dakota 1552

Georgia 1539

Delaware 1538

Oregon 1456

Illinois 1428

Indiana 1411

Wyoming 1302

Massachusetts 1210

Ohio 1181

Virginia 1138

Maryland 1136

Arkansas 931

Utah 927

California 903

Mississippi 896

Alabama 866

Nevada 784

Kentucky 713

New Jersey 653

Florida 631

Arizona 618

Nebraska 438

Hawaii NA

Idaho NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Utah 637

Nevada 563

Maine 546

New Mexico 533

Minnesota 519

New Jersey 500

Colorado 490

Connecticut 486

Arizona 484

Kansas 471

New Hampshire 457

Massachusetts 454

South Dakota 453

Wisconsin 453

Missouri 445

Montana 443

Arkansas 433

Maryland 427

Texas 418

Vermont 416

Alaska 416

Alabama 415

Oklahoma 410

Delaware 403

Virginia 398

Kentucky 373

California 361

North Carolina 358

Iowa 351

Indiana 350

New York 340

Wyoming 338

West Virginia 335

Rhode Island 322

Florida 318

Tennessee 310

Louisiana 308

Georgia 298

Ohio 296

Pennsylvania 270

South Carolina 269

Illinois 263

Mississippi 246

Washington 238

District of Columbia 225

Michigan 224

Oregon 214

Nebraska 181

North Dakota 157

Hawaii NA

Idaho NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

North Dakota 507

Colorado 464

Nebraska 462

Oregon 450

Washington 432

Michigan 417

District of Columbia 410

Mississippi 394

Illinois 378

South Carolina 372

Pennsylvania 371

Alabama 360

Ohio 351

Georgia 347

Tennessee 345

Louisiana 344

Rhode Island 333

Florida 330

West Virginia 322

New York 321

Alaska 311

North Carolina 310

California 309

Indiana 309

Iowa 308

Kentucky 301

Virginia 288

Delaware 286

Oklahoma 282

Vermont 282

Texas 277

Maryland 273

Missouri 268

Arkansas 267

Wyoming 267

Montana 265

New Hampshire 261

Wisconsin 259

Connecticut 256

Massachusetts 253

Arizona 250

South Dakota 250

Kansas 247

New Jersey 243

Minnesota 236

Maine 227

New Mexico 226

Nevada 220

Utah 176

Hawaii NA

Idaho NA

Ap

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Ro

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erso

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are

Aid

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184 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Delaware $14980 $19790 321

District of Columbia 16460 21630 314

California 16710 21100 263

Vermont 16490 19760 198

Wyoming 14440 17280 197

New Jersey 19730 23490 191

New Mexico 15260 18040 182

Washington 16820 19770 175

Missouri 14860 17380 170

Oregon 17680 20630 167

Montana 14350 16680 162

Iowa 16250 18870 161

Colorado 15820 18240 153

Massachusetts 18820 21700 153

Illinois 14470 16660 151

Idaho 15070 17330 150

Rhode Island 20070 23040 148

Alaska 23340 26390 131

Minnesota 18770 21090 124

Pennsylvania 17220 19350 124

Maryland 17060 19150 123

New York 16920 18950 120

Georgia 16280 18250 121

Louisiana 12870 14390 118

North Carolina 15510 17260 113

New Hampshire 16780 18690 114

Arizona 17590 19540 111

Utah 16170 17940 109

Virginia 14890 16450 105

Wisconsin 17350 19080 100

North Dakota 16210 17830 100

Michigan 16450 18060 98

West Virginia 13250 14510 95

Nebraska 17510 19140 93

Kansas 16360 17740 84

Oklahoma 13970 15150 84

Maine 16900 18090 70

Alabama 14570 15330 52

Florida 17000 17840 49

Texas 12750 13380 49

Indiana 17700 18500 45

Ohio 17150 17930 45

Kentucky 15650 16230 37

South Carolina 16400 16910 31

Arkansas 13600 13960 26

South Dakota 16890 17300 24

Mississippi 14400 14190 -15

Connecticut 21310 20870 -21

Tennessee 16730 16250 -29

Nevada 18320 17670 -35

Hawaii 16740 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

South Dakota $17300 $29080

North Dakota 17830 30620

Iowa 18870 31990

Montana 16680 29880

Nebraska 19140 33060

Mississippi 14190 28630

Vermont 19760 34650

New Mexico 18040 33000

South Carolina 16910 31940

Rhode Island 23040 38240

Wyoming 17280 32510

Indiana 18500 33820

Arizona 19540 34880

Maine 18090 33480

Idaho 17330 32770

Arkansas 13960 29560

Alaska 26390 42170

Florida 17840 33750

West Virginia 14510 30470

Kentucky 16230 32170

Oklahoma 15150 31150

Kansas 17740 33780

Wisconsin 19080 35240

Utah 17940 34110

Oregon 20630 36980

Tennessee 16250 32730

Alabama 15330 31940

Nevada 17670 34300

Pennsylvania 19350 35970

North Carolina 17260 34120

Louisiana 14390 31230

Missouri 17380 34460

Georgia 18250 35840

Ohio 17930 35910

Minnesota 21090 39840

New Hampshire 18690 37450

Delaware 19790 39050

New Jersey 23490 43040

California 21100 41980

Washington 19770 40860

Michigan 18060 39590

Colorado 18240 39820

Illinois 16660 38580

Texas 13380 35310

Maryland 19150 41360

Virginia 16450 39130

Connecticut 20870 44400

Massachusetts 21700 45290

New York 18950 43590

District of Columbia 21630 57980

Ap

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are

Aid

es

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 185

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

New Jersey $15920 $35160 1209

Maryland 12690 26890 1119

Georgia 12370 25770 1083

Virginia 11870 22230 873

District of Columbia 15610 28090 799

Connecticut 15940 28670 799

Kentucky 12110 21560 780

California 15140 26950 780

Oregon 15780 27960 772

Pennsylvania 13060 22990 760

Alaska 19450 33830 739

Illinois 12600 21540 710

Tennessee 12280 20860 699

South Dakota 13110 22100 686

Delaware 14720 24400 658

Mississippi 11350 18810 657

Louisiana 11480 19010 656

Florida 13820 22880 656

Colorado 14100 23310 653

New Mexico 13440 22100 644

Nebraska 14780 24210 638

Missouri 13630 22310 637

Alabama 11970 19510 630

Wyoming 13390 21560 610

Vermont 15650 25180 609

Iowa 14930 24010 608

New York 14610 23450 605

North Dakota 13720 22010 604

North Carolina 13840 22090 596

New Hampshire 14470 22750 572

Ohio 14310 22450 569

Arkansas 11460 17870 559

Rhode Island 18130 28210 556

Indiana 14590 22690 555

Minnesota 17160 26390 538

Idaho 14140 21740 537

Oklahoma 11920 18270 533

Michigan 14670 22400 527

Wisconsin 15060 22870 519

West Virginia 11710 17770 518

Maine 14640 22110 510

Massachusetts 17940 27070 509

Arizona 15050 22560 499

Texas 11400 16780 472

Utah 15100 22170 468

Kansas 14850 21780 467

South Carolina 14410 21070 462

Washington 16100 23160 439

Montana 14390 20590 431

Nevada 15070 21520 428

Ap

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Aid

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186 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 1435

Vermont 988

Delaware 868

Maine 661

Pennsylvania 626

Washington 534

Rhode Island 489

Nebraska 488

Connecticut 483

Alaska 468

Massachusetts 465

Colorado 462

Utah 461

Oregon 417

Virginia 386

Kentucky 380

California 366

Illinois 357

Maryland 319

Florida 306

Oklahoma 290

Iowa 281

Arizona 281

New Jersey 268

New Hampshire 264

Indiana 261

West Virginia 240

Wisconsin 233

New York 221

Minnesota 220

Montana 216

Alabama 214

Ohio 207

Kansas 206

Hawaii 203

Wyoming 200

Michigan 199

North Carolina 199

Tennessee 195

Nevada 189

Missouri 187

Louisiana 185

South Dakota 175

Mississippi 160

New Mexico 151

Idaho 138

Texas 110

Georgia 84

Arkansas 62

North Dakota NA

South Carolina NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Hawaii 1000

Louisiana 750

Illinois 720

Michigan 719

Wyoming 700

District of Columbia 643

Massachusetts 592

New York 588

Arkansas 571

North Carolina 571

California 569

Washington 564

West Virginia 556

Alaska 550

Mississippi 550

Oregon 533

Indiana 525

Nebraska 514

Ohio 509

Delaware 500

Georgia 500

Iowa 500

Kansas 500

Montana 500

New Mexico 500

Texas 500

Vermont 500

Wisconsin 500

Rhode Island 480

Florida 472

Pennsylvania 472

Virginia 471

Maine 455

New Jersey 455

Colorado 452

Connecticut 450

Alabama 444

Oklahoma 440

Kentucky 424

New Hampshire 421

Minnesota 417

Tennessee 417

South Dakota 375

Nevada 350

Arizona 340

Idaho 333

Utah 333

Maryland 328

Missouri 314

North Dakota NA

South Carolina NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Maryland 458

Missouri 453

Arizona 448

Idaho 411

South Dakota 383

Utah 374

Hawaii 360

New Mexico 357

Alaska 333

Colorado 332

New Hampshire 329

Tennessee 319

Nevada 317

Minnesota 314

Delaware 314

Kentucky 312

Wyoming 300

Maine 283

Oklahoma 277

Wisconsin 268

New Jersey 261

Montana 259

Florida 259

Connecticut 257

Virginia 256

Iowa 255

Pennsylvania 254

Alabama 250

Rhode Island 243

Indiana 230

Texas 229

Vermont 228

Georgia 222

Ohio 220

Kansas 214

Nebraska 214

Arkansas 210

Mississippi 201

North Carolina 200

Oregon 190

Washington 188

West Virginia 178

New York 172

California 172

Massachusetts 141

District of Columbia 117

Michigan 90

Illinois 90

Louisiana 60

North Dakota NA

South Carolina NA

Ap

pend

ix B

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and

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Counse

lors

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 187

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Idaho $32600 $68270 1094

Iowa 21810 40620 862

West Virginia 21580 34500 599

Mississippi 24690 36630 484

South Carolina 25750 36720 426

Rhode Island 25650 36120 408

Georgia 26910 37770 404

California 30610 41570 358

Indiana 25720 34690 349

Oklahoma 25980 34120 313

Tennessee 24880 32480 305

New Jersey 31190 39630 271

Kentucky 26980 34200 268

Virginia 31410 39760 266

Pennsylvania 24640 31140 264

District of Columbia 23030 28930 256

New Mexico 33440 41210 232

Florida 29430 35860 218

Texas 30860 37490 215

Hawaii 34690 41560 198

Delaware 30310 36240 196

Louisiana 28370 33790 191

Kansas 29370 34730 182

Maryland 28050 33000 176

Oregon 33680 39380 169

Minnesota 34230 39810 163

Washington 34520 39730 151

Arizona 31630 36330 149

Ohio 33430 37880 133

Massachusetts 30430 34230 125

New Hampshire 35710 40110 123

Wyoming 34770 38630 111

Illinois 28650 31820 111

Montana 27630 30560 106

Maine 35660 39340 103

Arkansas 36760 40340 97

Alabama 27660 30220 93

Vermont 41550 45370 92

South Dakota 32860 35770 89

North Carolina 34100 36990 85

Alaska 36560 39500 80

Michigan 36780 39490 74

Connecticut 32680 34870 67

Missouri 37010 39370 64

North Dakota 34080 36270 64

New York 32360 34390 63

Colorado 33960 35680 51

Nebraska 34270 34230 -01

Wisconsin 46500 45110 -30

Nevada 42830 40150 -63

Utah 33460 29120 -130

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Idaho $68270 $32770

Arkansas 40340 29560

Vermont 45370 34650

Wisconsin 45110 35240

Iowa 40620 31990

New Mexico 41210 33000

Mississippi 36630 28630

South Dakota 35770 29080

Wyoming 38630 32510

Maine 39340 33480

Nevada 40150 34300

North Dakota 36270 30620

Missouri 39370 34460

Hawaii 41560 36750

South Carolina 36720 31940

West Virginia 34500 30470

Oklahoma 34120 31150

North Carolina 36990 34120

New Hampshire 40110 37450

Louisiana 33790 31230

Oregon 39380 36980

Texas 37490 35310

Florida 35860 33750

Kentucky 34200 32170

Ohio 37880 35910

Georgia 37770 35840

Arizona 36330 34880

Nebraska 34230 33060

Kansas 34730 33780

Indiana 34690 33820

Montana 30560 29880

Virginia 39760 39130

Minnesota 39810 39840

Michigan 39490 39590

Tennessee 32480 32730

California 41570 41980

Puerto Rico 21140 22070

Washington 39730 40860

Alabama 30220 31940

Rhode Island 36120 38240

Alaska 39500 42170

Delaware 36240 39050

New Jersey 39630 43040

Colorado 35680 39820

Pennsylvania 31140 35970

Utah 29120 34110

Illinois 31820 38580

Maryland 33000 41360

New York 34390 43590

Connecticut 34870 44400

Massachusetts 34230 45290

District of Columbia 28930 57980

Ap

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Counse

lors

188 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Hawaii $20130 $82990 3123

Tennessee 16000 64540 3034

Virginia 21160 66380 2137

California 21840 68210 2123

Arizona 19190 56350 1936

District of Columbia 15600 45180 1896

New York 19990 56960 1849

Nebraska 18540 49950 1694

Wisconsin 25230 67850 1689

Louisiana 19460 52270 1686

Iowa 22210 58710 1643

Massachusetts 21750 56840 1613

Utah 19680 50750 1579

South Carolina 20270 52080 1569

Oklahoma 21930 54780 1498

Nevada 23260 57850 1487

North Dakota 21990 54420 1475

Oregon 22540 55540 1464

North Carolina 23060 56540 1452

Maryland 20330 49830 1451

New Hampshire 25190 61350 1435

Georgia 22900 55370 1418

West Virginia 22310 53240 1386

Alaska 23850 56450 1367

Indiana 21900 51530 1353

Pennsylvania 20220 47530 1351

New Jersey 24710 58060 1350

Alabama 19060 44250 1322

Kentucky 21900 50200 1292

Missouri 24830 56550 1277

Florida 23770 54070 1275

Delaware 23590 53340 1261

Texas 24810 54410 1193

Colorado 23450 51070 1178

New Mexico 26900 58330 1168

Connecticut 24230 52150 1152

Ohio 25330 54470 1150

Arkansas 26100 56020 1146

Maine 24630 52830 1145

Minnesota 26890 57340 1132

Kansas 23260 47980 1063

Rhode Island 24530 50390 1054

Illinois 21240 43600 1053

Michigan 26480 54050 1041

Mississippi 21860 44230 1023

Vermont 31930 62600 961

Washington 28610 54920 920

Montana 22420 42680 904

Wyoming 29170 52620 804

South Dakota 26570 46580 753

Ap

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Counse

lors

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 189

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Maine 1060

District of Columbia 1002

Washington 948

Delaware 868

Alaska 733

Massachusetts 628

West Virginia 558

Kansas 557

North Dakota 554

Vermont 542

Ohio 525

Connecticut 512

Pennsylvania 510

Oregon 446

Arizona 442

South Dakota 422

Montana 411

Missouri 393

Utah 384

Tennessee 376

New Jersey 373

New York 359

Nebraska 356

Maryland 354

Michigan 353

North Carolina 350

Wisconsin 340

Florida 336

Kentucky 309

Virginia 303

Alabama 288

Indiana 287

Louisiana 270

Minnesota 269

Oklahoma 247

California 240

Hawaii 235

Colorado 231

Illinois 227

New Mexico 221

Iowa 220

New Hampshire 219

Texas 193

Mississippi 192

Arkansas 178

Wyoming 140

Georgia 135

South Carolina 132

Nevada 111

Idaho 72

Rhode Island NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

North Dakota 600

Louisiana 567

West Virginia 548

Washington 547

District of Columbia 500

Hawaii 500

Colorado 465

Alabama 444

Nebraska 435

Mississippi 429

Pennsylvania 420

North Carolina 417

Alaska 400

Oklahoma 400

South Carolina 400

Utah 400

Michigan 396

Texas 389

Oregon 380

Indiana 378

California 368

New Mexico 367

New York 364

Missouri 355

Delaware 353

New Jersey 353

Virginia 352

Illinois 343

Ohio 334

New Hampshire 333

Vermont 333

Wisconsin 333

Florida 313

Maine 308

Minnesota 307

Connecticut 300

Idaho 286

Iowa 286

Kentucky 286

South Dakota 286

Arizona 281

Tennessee 280

Maryland 277

Montana 273

Arkansas 267

Kansas 254

Massachusetts 250

Georgia 233

Nevada 00

Rhode Island NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Georgia 600

Idaho 567

South Dakota 467

New Mexico 463

Arkansas 459

Maryland 449

Colorado 442

Utah 438

Arizona 437

Kentucky 435

Wyoming 429

Montana 417

Nevada 417

Hawaii 414

Tennessee 413

Maine 395

Florida 393

Minnesota 384

Alaska 383

New Hampshire 369

Connecticut 356

Vermont 350

New Jersey 344

Ohio 342

Iowa 341

Massachusetts 333

Kansas 331

Wisconsin 330

Illinois 329

Missouri 318

Virginia 317

Indiana 316

Delaware 314

New York 300

California 286

Oklahoma 279

Michigan 263

Texas 262

North Carolina 247

Pennsylvania 242

South Carolina 222

Mississippi 215

Nebraska 208

Oregon 197

Alabama 178

District of Columbia 152

Washington 150

West Virginia 132

North Dakota 123

Louisiana 107

Rhode Island NA

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190 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Nevada $36730 $54070 472

Arizona 25000 34450 378

Kansas 28430 36450 282

Utah 31460 40190 277

West Virginia 18550 23400 261

Alabama 24350 30180 239

Texas 27410 33670 228

Indiana 28780 35050 218

Massachusetts 35730 43260 211

Arkansas 27880 33670 208

Ohio 29560 35630 205

Maryland 36570 43950 202

Tennessee 25010 30040 201

Minnesota 37030 44260 195

Montana 26930 32010 189

Iowa 28100 33370 188

South Carolina 26650 31340 176

Wisconsin 36490 42460 164

Kentucky 28660 33130 156

North Carolina 32490 36890 135

Oklahoma 26060 29530 133

Nebraska 26970 30510 131

Hawaii 37970 42740 126

Mississippi 24200 27230 125

Colorado 31480 35360 123

New Jersey 41040 45960 120

Pennsylvania 29410 32510 105

Vermont 35160 38780 103

Maine 32720 36050 102

New York 37630 40890 87

Rhode Island 38460 40990 66

California 35210 36960 50

Connecticut 43470 45350 43

District of Columbia 41480 43110 39

Michigan 35790 36850 30

Illinois 30780 31250 15

Oregon 30030 30440 14

Idaho 32370 32480 03

Florida 31550 31470 -03

Missouri 32330 31980 -11

Delaware 36840 36160 -18

South Dakota 31320 30500 -26

New Hampshire 35170 34100 -30

New Mexico 33760 32290 -44

Virginia 41470 39160 -56

Alaska 35610 31960 -102

Georgia 38680 33200 -142

Wyoming 34210 25190 -264

Louisiana 29720 NA NA

North Dakota NA 30210 NA

Washington 33390 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Nevada $54070 $34300

Wisconsin 42460 35240

Utah 40190 34110

Hawaii 42740 36750

Minnesota 44260 39840

Arkansas 33670 29560

Vermont 38780 34650

New Jersey 45960 43040

North Carolina 36890 34120

Rhode Island 40990 38240

Kansas 36450 33780

Maine 36050 33480

Maryland 43950 41360

Montana 32010 29880

South Dakota 30500 29080

Iowa 33370 31990

Indiana 35050 33820

Kentucky 33130 32170

Connecticut 45350 44400

Virginia 39160 39130

Ohio 35630 35910

Idaho 32480 32770

North Dakota 30210 30620

Arizona 34450 34880

South Carolina 31340 31940

New Mexico 32290 33000

Mississippi 27230 28630

Oklahoma 29530 31150

Texas 33670 35310

Alabama 30180 31940

Massachusetts 43260 45290

Florida 31470 33750

Missouri 31980 34460

Nebraska 30510 33060

Georgia 33200 35840

New York 40890 43590

Tennessee 30040 32730

Michigan 36850 39590

Delaware 36160 39050

New Hampshire 34100 37450

Pennsylvania 32510 35970

Colorado 35360 39820

California 36960 41980

Oregon 30440 36980

West Virginia 23400 30470

Wyoming 25190 32510

Illinois 31250 38580

Alaska 31960 42170

District of Columbia 43110 57980

Louisiana NA 31230

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 191

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Utah $16280 $57910 2557

Colorado 17170 56560 2294

Virginia 20430 62740 2071

Idaho 16530 50650 2064

New Mexico 17080 51460 2013

Massachusetts 24360 68020 1792

Nevada 35370 98720 1791

Oklahoma 16160 44970 1783

Alabama 16480 45760 1777

Michigan 20110 54310 1701

Arizona 20060 53380 1661

Georgia 17310 45830 1648

Mississippi 14340 37890 1642

Rhode Island 25610 65210 1546

Connecticut 27150 67700 1494

Arkansas 20060 49360 1461

Wyoming 15620 37680 1412

Illinois 19210 46260 1408

South Carolina 19580 46560 1378

Pennsylvania 20330 48200 1371

New Hampshire 21680 51380 1370

California 23250 55060 1368

New York 25810 60420 1341

Maine 22760 52260 1296

Alaska 20810 47660 1290

Kansas 23470 53620 1285

Virgin Islands 22670 51500 1272

Oregon 19770 44600 1256

Tennessee 19230 43080 1240

Wisconsin 26510 59140 1231

North Dakota 19200 42750 1227

Missouri 20250 44430 1194

Nebraska 20320 43820 1156

Minnesota 28430 61170 1152

New Jersey 30360 64320 1119

Indiana 23290 48950 1102

West Virginia 15840 32810 1071

Florida 21570 44410 1059

Montana 21340 43300 1029

North Carolina 25540 51640 1022

Ohio 24920 49550 988

Texas 23820 46590 956

Iowa 24060 46620 938

Delaware 25710 49520 926

Maryland 29620 56960 923

Kentucky 23580 45120 913

District of Columbia 30750 57250 862

Hawaii 30870 56050 816

Vermont 30360 50130 651

South Dakota 23770 38880 636

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192 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Massachusetts 1450

District of Columbia 953

Mississippi 890

South Dakota 598

Missouri 535

South Carolina 504

Louisiana 413

Vermont 393

Maine 361

Idaho 360

New Hampshire 297

Michigan 289

New York 285

Kansas 265

West Virginia 256

Pennsylvania 252

Oklahoma 232

Tennessee 231

Wyoming 220

North Carolina 215

Montana 214

Nebraska 207

Rhode Island 200

Georgia 192

Wisconsin 191

New Jersey 187

Utah 185

Arizona 161

Texas 145

Florida 143

Alabama 141

Alaska 137

Illinois 132

Oregon 131

Virginia 116

Arkansas 115

Maryland 98

Kentucky 95

Nevada 92

Connecticut 90

New Mexico 65

California 49

Ohio 41

Delaware 37

Minnesota 25

Colorado NA

Hawaii NA

Indiana NA

Iowa NA

North Dakota NA

Washington NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Louisiana 1000

Michigan 1000

Kentucky 833

New York 778

Pennsylvania 755

South Dakota 667

Massachusetts 665

Virginia 647

South Carolina 640

Georgia 600

Tennessee 571

Texas 571

Missouri 550

District of Columbia 538

Maryland 538

Illinois 512

Alabama 500

Maine 500

New Jersey 500

Oregon 500

Rhode Island 500

Utah 500

West Virginia 462

Florida 443

Kansas 429

Montana 429

Vermont 429

Nebraska 417

New Hampshire 417

California 400

Minnesota 400

North Carolina 400

Oklahoma 400

Mississippi 375

Ohio 353

Nevada 300

Idaho 273

Arkansas 250

Wisconsin 250

Arizona 211

Connecticut 00

Delaware 00

Alaska NA

Colorado NA

Hawaii NA

Indiana NA

Iowa NA

New Mexico NA

North Dakota NA

Washington NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 517

Utah 372

Arkansas 370

Nevada 350

Idaho 319

Minnesota 280

Wisconsin 279

New Mexico 250

Ohio 234

Mississippi 216

Montana 200

Nebraska 196

New Hampshire 195

California 176

North Carolina 168

Kansas 167

Rhode Island 164

Florida 163

Alabama 159

Oklahoma 148

Vermont 145

West Virginia 138

Maine 128

Tennessee 127

New Jersey 125

Illinois 125

Missouri 118

District of Columbia 113

Oregon 109

Maryland 103

Texas 95

Wyoming 91

South Carolina 87

Georgia 79

Virginia 72

Massachusetts 65

South Dakota 59

Alaska 45

Pennsylvania 42

New York 33

Connecticut 32

Kentucky 18

Delaware 00

Michigan 00

Louisiana 00

Colorado NA

Hawaii NA

Indiana NA

Iowa NA

North Dakota NA

Washington NA

Ap

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 193

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Maine $21990 $27710 260

West Virginia 15200 18610 224

Louisiana 16220 19600 208

Alaska 28160 33850 202

Massachusetts 23270 27960 202

Kansas 17010 20400 199

Arkansas 15320 18330 196

Oklahoma 17060 20200 184

Nebraska 20110 23190 153

Iowa 24060 27440 140

Texas 17650 20080 138

New Jersey 25160 28600 137

Pennsylvania 26040 29360 127

Illinois 20000 22380 119

Arizona 19240 21490 117

Maryland 23100 25330 97

Alabama 16760 18280 91

Indiana 22420 24270 83

Wisconsin 20440 21940 73

New York 28600 30610 70

New Mexico 21470 22970 70

Connecticut 25190 26820 65

California 22760 24110 59

Oregon 24460 25450 40

Washington 28460 29410 33

Montana 22850 22790 -03

South Carolina 18140 17920 -12

Kentucky 19380 19130 -13

North Carolina 21060 20440 -29

Mississippi 17660 17070 -33

Missouri 20150 19450 -35

Georgia 22180 21150 -46

Virginia 23140 21770 -59

Michigan 27780 25780 -72

Tennessee 21900 20180 -79

Florida 21970 19780 -100

Ohio 28080 20210 -280

Colorado 22250 NA NA

District of Columbia NA 27290 NA

Hawaii NA 27630 NA

Idaho 24310 NA NA

Minnesota NA 24200 NA

Nevada NA 32120 NA

New Hampshire 21940 NA NA

North Dakota NA 20630 NA

Rhode Island 29220 NA NA

South Dakota NA 24530 NA

Utah 19110 NA NA

Vermont 20680 NA NA

Wyoming 13160 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Nevada $32120 $34300

South Dakota 24530 29080

Iowa 27440 31990

Maine 27710 33480

Pennsylvania 29360 35970

Montana 22790 29880

Alaska 33850 42170

Hawaii 27630 36750

Indiana 24270 33820

Nebraska 23190 33060

North Dakota 20630 30620

New Mexico 22970 33000

Oklahoma 20200 31150

Arkansas 18330 29560

Washington 29410 40860

Oregon 25450 36980

Mississippi 17070 28630

Louisiana 19600 31230

West Virginia 18610 30470

Tennessee 20180 32730

New York 30610 43590

Kentucky 19130 32170

Wisconsin 21940 35240

Kansas 20400 33780

Arizona 21490 34880

Alabama 18280 31940

North Carolina 20440 34120

Michigan 25780 39590

Florida 19780 33750

South Carolina 17920 31940

New Jersey 28600 43040

Georgia 21150 35840

Missouri 19450 34460

Texas 20080 35310

Minnesota 24200 39840

Ohio 20210 35910

Maryland 25330 41360

Illinois 22380 38580

Virginia 21770 39130

Massachusetts 27960 45290

Connecticut 26820 44400

California 24110 41980

District of Columbia 27290 57980

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194 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

New Mexico $13400 $33390 1492

District of Columbia 16510 38960 1360

Pennsylvania 19310 42810 1217

Iowa 18050 39410 1183

Illinois 15280 31700 1075

Arkansas 12830 26600 1073

Ohio 14750 30230 1049

Michigan 18200 36920 1029

Louisiana 13640 27250 998

Alabama 12350 24360 972

Oregon 17010 32940 937

West Virginia 13660 26150 914

New Jersey 21040 40140 908

North Carolina 14360 26740 862

Kentucky 14310 26610 860

Nevada 23000 42580 851

Tennessee 14990 27370 826

South Dakota 17720 32240 819

Washington 19840 35940 811

Connecticut 19400 34740 791

Indiana 18350 32670 780

Maryland 18850 33360 770

Alaska 24910 43620 751

Texas 15150 26360 740

Maine 20060 34660 728

Georgia 15980 27460 718

Minnesota 18200 31220 715

Missouri 15080 25750 708

Wisconsin 16570 27940 686

Montana 16630 27940 680

Oklahoma 15580 26000 669

Florida 15330 25180 643

Kansas 15860 25950 636

Arizona 16840 27510 634

Virginia 16960 27630 629

California 18510 29100 572

New York 23940 37340 560

Nebraska 18420 28530 549

South Carolina 14940 22400 499

Mississippi 14540 21720 494

Hawaii 23100 34310 485

Massachusetts 23020 34150 483

North Dakota 17820 25400 425

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 195

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 905

Illinois 523

Virginia 450

Utah 410

Rhode Island 359

North Carolina 348

Montana 344

Nebraska 337

South Dakota 256

Maine 238

Colorado 233

Louisiana 219

Indiana 209

Vermont 208

Alaska 203

Delaware 198

Florida 197

Idaho 179

Kansas 170

Oregon 167

Oklahoma 163

Arkansas 123

Kentucky 111

Ohio 111

North Dakota 109

Wisconsin 107

Pennsylvania 103

Arizona 101

Mississippi 101

New Jersey 93

Texas 92

Massachusetts 87

West Virginia 74

Georgia 69

Maryland 65

New York 55

Michigan 54

Alabama 49

Tennessee 35

Minnesota 23

California NA

Connecticut NA

Hawaii NA

Iowa NA

Missouri NA

Nevada NA

New Hampshire NA

New Mexico NA

South Carolina NA

Washington NA

Wyoming NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 1000

Illinois 1000

Kentucky 1000

Louisiana 1000

Michigan 1000

Nebraska 1000

New York 1000

North Dakota 1000

Ohio 1000

Pennsylvania 1000

Rhode Island 1000

South Dakota 1000

Tennessee 1000

Vermont 1000

West Virginia 1000

Wisconsin 1000

Virginia 935

Massachusetts 933

Oregon 850

Indiana 800

Maryland 800

Delaware 667

Kansas 667

Florida 629

Oklahoma 600

Texas 556

Alabama 500

Maine 500

Mississippi 444

Colorado 435

Minnesota 400

Idaho 375

Arkansas 333

New Jersey 333

Utah 333

Georgia 300

North Carolina 267

Montana 250

Arizona 219

Alaska NA

California NA

Connecticut NA

Hawaii NA

Iowa NA

Missouri NA

Nevada NA

New Hampshire NA

New Mexico NA

South Carolina NA

Washington NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 451

North Carolina 398

Montana 377

New Jersey 375

Minnesota 330

Georgia 237

Arkansas 234

Utah 232

Idaho 195

Mississippi 159

Alaska 154

Alabama 136

Maine 133

Kansas 130

Colorado 124

Texas 100

Florida 79

Oklahoma 70

Wisconsin 52

Oregon 51

West Virginia 45

Indiana 39

New York 38

North Dakota 14

Maryland 14

Virginia 09

Vermont 08

South Dakota 05

Delaware 00

Louisiana 00

Massachusetts 00

Pennsylvania 00

Tennessee 00

Ohio 00

Rhode Island 00

Michigan 00

Illinois 00

Nebraska 00

District of Columbia 00

Kentucky 00

California NA

Connecticut NA

Hawaii NA

Iowa NA

Missouri NA

Nevada NA

New Hampshire NA

New Mexico NA

South Carolina NA

Washington NA

Wyoming NA

Ap

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196 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Idaho $19050 $27250 430

New Mexico 17120 24080 407

Arizona 20650 28410 376

Iowa 19230 26140 359

Texas 17820 23540 321

Maryland 22590 29420 302

Massachusetts 26470 32250 218

Kentucky 18490 22430 213

Alabama 18050 21540 193

California 35180 41870 190

Ohio 23960 28470 188

Connecticut 37150 43830 180

Louisiana 16810 19690 171

Utah 18790 21740 157

Georgia 24600 28420 155

New York 27400 31460 148

Arkansas 17940 20360 135

North Carolina 23090 25940 123

Illinois 26380 29610 122

Vermont 28580 31910 117

Kansas 24020 26690 111

Missouri 19270 21280 104

Michigan 26910 28930 75

Florida 20950 22490 74

District of Columbia 31830 34150 73

Maine 22930 24320 61

Oregon 31300 33000 54

Colorado 29170 30650 51

Indiana 23690 24880 50

South Carolina 19790 20610 41

Wisconsin 29500 30620 38

Washington 31450 31910 15

Pennsylvania 26690 26950 10

Virginia 22700 22870 07

New Jersey 33740 33690 -01

Mississippi 19860 19790 -04

Minnesota 28290 28000 -10

Oklahoma 25120 23400 -68

Alaska 54180 NA NA

Delaware 28950 NA NA

Nebraska 20330 NA NA

Nevada 23020 NA NA

North Dakota NA 24830 NA

Rhode Island 34070 NA NA

Tennessee 20890 NA NA

West Virginia 22630 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

California $41870 $41980

Connecticut 43830 44400

Vermont 31910 34650

Oregon 33000 36980

Wisconsin 30620 35240

Idaho 27250 32770

North Dakota 24830 30620

Iowa 26140 31990

Arizona 28410 34880

Kansas 26690 33780

Georgia 28420 35840

Ohio 28470 35910

Oklahoma 23400 31150

North Carolina 25940 34120

Mississippi 19790 28630

New Mexico 24080 33000

Indiana 24880 33820

Washington 31910 40860

Illinois 29610 38580

Pennsylvania 26950 35970

Colorado 30650 39820

Maine 24320 33480

Arkansas 20360 29560

New Jersey 33690 43040

Kentucky 22430 32170

Alabama 21540 31940

Michigan 28930 39590

Florida 22490 33750

South Carolina 20610 31940

Louisiana 19690 31230

Texas 23540 35310

Minnesota 28000 39840

Maryland 29420 41360

New York 31460 43590

Utah 21740 34110

Massachusetts 32250 45290

Missouri 21280 34460

Virginia 22870 39130

District of Columbia 34150 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 197

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Alabama $12460 $31630 1539

New Jersey 20590 49690 1413

Idaho 18120 40200 1219

North Dakota 18420 40060 1175

Massachusetts 20910 45450 1174

Georgia 18540 39890 1152

Maryland 20240 42120 1081

Oregon 21460 43810 1041

New Mexico 16310 32560 996

New York 21530 42740 985

Iowa 18550 36640 975

Ohio 19960 39270 967

Wisconsin 21710 41700 921

District of Columbia 23180 43860 892

Pennsylvania 19260 36130 876

California 29420 54940 867

Texas 17110 31520 842

Michigan 20220 36790 819

Arizona 21010 37860 802

Kansas 19380 34580 784

Florida 16340 29150 784

Louisiana 14710 26040 770

Mississippi 15060 26500 760

South Carolina 15350 26850 749

Arkansas 15440 26990 748

Vermont 24370 42310 736

Connecticut 31710 54760 727

Colorado 23410 40420 727

North Carolina 18190 30480 676

Washington 24340 40780 675

Indiana 19320 31990 656

Maine 19380 31480 624

Kentucky 17510 28420 623

Virginia 18050 29080 611

Oklahoma 18190 29280 610

Minnesota 21700 34870 607

Illinois 22570 36090 599

Utah 17890 27940 562

Missouri 17820 26610 493

Ap

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198 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

North Dakota 857

West Virginia 800

Michigan 771

Louisiana 750

District of Columbia 739

South Carolina 700

Wyoming 700

Iowa 667

New York 667

North Carolina 667

Connecticut 625

Nebraska 615

Delaware 600

Oklahoma 600

Vermont 600

Washington 589

Maine 579

Ohio 573

Alabama 571

Alaska 567

Illinois 566

Maryland 564

Mississippi 563

Virginia 563

Pennsylvania 552

Nevada 550

New Jersey 545

Georgia 540

Florida 523

Texas 519

Hawaii 500

Montana 500

New Mexico 500

Rhode Island 500

South Dakota 500

Tennessee 500

Indiana 480

Oregon 480

New Hampshire 462

Minnesota 458

Colorado 446

Kentucky 440

Missouri 429

Idaho 423

Arkansas 417

Massachusetts 412

Wisconsin 400

California 373

Arizona 361

Kansas 353

Utah 333

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 400

Utah 400

Kansas 393

Nevada 360

Arkansas 345

Idaho 335

Missouri 323

Kentucky 301

New Mexico 294

Massachusetts 288

Alaska 275

Wyoming 273

Minnesota 271

Hawaii 267

New Hampshire 256

Colorado 245

Montana 243

Georgia 242

Tennessee 242

Rhode Island 240

Wisconsin 238

South Dakota 220

Indiana 215

Texas 213

Oregon 210

Florida 205

Delaware 192

New Jersey 192

Pennsylvania 184

California 183

Vermont 182

Maine 180

Virginia 179

Maryland 178

Illinois 175

Washington 174

Oklahoma 171

Ohio 171

Mississippi 170

North Carolina 158

Iowa 149

Alabama 148

Connecticut 126

Nebraska 122

New York 111

West Virginia 90

South Carolina 89

Louisiana 85

District of Columbia 82

Michigan 76

North Dakota 48

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 1311

Alaska 796

South Dakota 539

Maryland 494

Rhode Island 479

Montana 461

North Dakota 426

Iowa 424

Vermont 393

Maine 360

New York 357

Oregon 352

Washington 351

Idaho 345

Connecticut 344

Colorado 327

Delaware 323

Massachusetts 320

New Jersey 303

South Carolina 300

Pennsylvania 287

Hawaii 243

California 234

Illinois 223

Wyoming 220

Nebraska 218

Missouri 218

Oklahoma 218

Utah 216

Kansas 206

New Hampshire 199

Indiana 196

Alabama 196

Wisconsin 193

Minnesota 190

North Carolina 190

New Mexico 183

Florida 181

Ohio 180

Arizona 177

Arkansas 156

Texas 140

Mississippi 137

Louisiana 132

Michigan 118

Nevada 115

Kentucky 113

Georgia 111

Virginia 108

Tennessee 107

West Virginia 92

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 199

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

New Hampshire $21900 $38880 775

Arizona 26920 42630 584

Oklahoma 20810 31740 525

Nevada 25950 39160 509

New Jersey 33910 47450 399

New Mexico 26270 36180 377

Indiana 28430 37630 324

Montana 24780 32580 315

Florida 26750 35170 315

Kentucky 26710 34390 288

Kansas 26310 33140 260

Nebraska 27640 34700 255

Minnesota 31950 40090 255

Georgia 27990 34990 250

Massachusetts 30250 37570 242

Missouri 28400 35080 235

Ohio 29300 34900 191

California 28140 33340 185

Alabama 27870 32680 173

Michigan 31280 36320 161

South Dakota 28190 32470 152

South Carolina 29840 34340 151

Wyoming 29780 34090 145

Oregon 28040 32070 144

Maine 28490 32580 144

Maryland 32510 37000 138

Idaho 31490 35600 131

North Carolina 29640 33450 129

Washington 29080 32770 127

Connecticut 34070 38400 127

Virginia 36970 41530 123

Tennessee 27590 30660 111

District of Columbia 34930 38710 108

Iowa 28670 31720 106

Colorado 28810 31830 105

North Dakota 33050 36000 89

Illinois 28030 30350 83

Alaska 34130 36930 82

Mississippi 24500 26300 73

Texas 26750 28090 50

West Virginia 28930 30340 49

New York 36600 37960 37

Arkansas 22130 22890 34

Pennsylvania 30160 30940 26

Louisiana 27910 28590 24

Utah 35070 35400 09

Delaware 33780 32910 -26

Vermont 40300 38220 -52

Wisconsin 41560 37930 -87

Hawaii 40030 34510 -138

Rhode Island 26090 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Arizona $42630 $34880

North Dakota 36000 30620

Nevada 39160 34300

New Jersey 47450 43040

Indiana 37630 33820

Vermont 38220 34650

South Dakota 32470 29080

New Mexico 36180 33000

Idaho 35600 32770

Montana 32580 29880

Wisconsin 37930 35240

South Carolina 34340 31940

Virginia 41530 39130

Kentucky 34390 32170

Nebraska 34700 33060

Wyoming 34090 32510

Florida 35170 33750

New Hampshire 38880 37450

Utah 35400 34110

Alabama 32680 31940

Missouri 35080 34460

Oklahoma 31740 31150

Minnesota 40090 39840

West Virginia 30340 30470

Iowa 31720 31990

Kansas 33140 33780

North Carolina 33450 34120

Georgia 34990 35840

Maine 32580 33480

Ohio 34900 35910

Tennessee 30660 32730

Hawaii 34510 36750

Mississippi 26300 28630

Louisiana 28590 31230

Michigan 36320 39590

Maryland 37000 41360

Oregon 32070 36980

Pennsylvania 30940 35970

Alaska 36930 42170

New York 37960 43590

Connecticut 38400 44400

Delaware 32910 39050

Arkansas 22890 29560

Texas 28090 35310

Massachusetts 37570 45290

Colorado 31830 39820

Washington 32770 40860

Illinois 30350 38580

California 33340 41980

District of Columbia 38710 57980

Ap

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200 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

New Jersey $24050 $88780 2691

Arizona 20210 66880 2309

Virginia 21970 67230 2060

Minnesota 18010 54790 2042

Nevada 19310 57400 1973

New Hampshire 20370 55460 1723

District of Columbia 14740 39610 1687

Connecticut 16530 43260 1617

Vermont 19910 51140 1569

New York 20030 47880 1390

Wisconsin 22550 53640 1379

Indiana 15310 36320 1372

Massachusetts 20420 48440 1372

Maryland 21790 51380 1358

Alaska 19300 45070 1335

Michigan 19380 44710 1307

New Mexico 20680 47160 1280

North Dakota 25290 57620 1278

Idaho 23990 52890 1205

Utah 20910 45860 1193

Florida 21540 46770 1171

Missouri 23100 49420 1139

Georgia 25210 53650 1128

Ohio 25130 53050 1111

Nebraska 19620 41410 1111

Hawaii 25650 53910 1102

Kentucky 22070 46270 1097

South Carolina 18550 38530 1077

Wyoming 24130 49800 1064

North Carolina 22550 45880 1035

California 19440 39420 1028

Kansas 23960 48220 1013

Delaware 22450 45060 1007

Washington 22700 45200 991

Alabama 23270 45110 939

Maine 26420 51130 935

Montana 23220 43850 888

South Dakota 24820 46110 858

Oregon 23980 43870 829

Colorado 25130 45850 825

Oklahoma 29790 54070 815

Iowa 24900 44490 787

Pennsylvania 24480 43710 786

Tennessee 28010 49980 784

Illinois 23070 40730 765

West Virginia 24750 43430 755

Louisiana 24920 42690 713

Texas 27890 47540 705

Mississippi 29230 46110 577

Arkansas 28300 44460 571

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 201

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Total Growth

State Percentage

Nevada 411

Idaho 381

Utah 353

New Mexico 313

Arizona 303

South Dakota 298

Maryland 293

Colorado 286

Wyoming 281

Texas 276

Florida 266

Alabama 265

Virginia 263

Montana 257

New Jersey 241

New Hampshire 240

Maine 236

Vermont 235

Georgia 230

Kansas 226

Pennsylvania 221

Minnesota 218

Missouri 213

Washington 212

Wisconsin 203

Mississippi 201

North Carolina 200

South Carolina 200

Iowa 190

California 189

Nebraska 188

Indiana 183

Arkansas 183

Hawaii 173

Alaska 171

Connecticut 168

Rhode Island 167

Tennessee 162

North Dakota 156

Ohio 153

New York 147

Delaware 140

Oregon 140

West Virginia 130

Massachusetts 124

Illinois 122

Oklahoma 107

Louisiana 102

District of Columbia 83

Michigan 66

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Rhode Island 2233

Delaware 2121

District of Columbia 1957

Vermont 1766

Massachusetts 1623

Maine 1610

West Virginia 1553

Oklahoma 1551

South Dakota 1477

Montana 1423

Connecticut 1376

Minnesota 1325

Utah 1272

Hawaii 1264

Michigan 1235

Wisconsin 1213

Illinois 1197

Alaska 1186

Pennsylvania 1173

Nebraska 1150

Missouri 1143

New York 1140

New Mexico 1083

Iowa 1058

North Carolina 1032

Tennessee 1024

North Dakota 1011

New Jersey 968

Arizona 948

Virginia 935

Oregon 931

Ohio 874

Colorado 869

Louisiana 809

Georgia 773

Mississippi 770

Indiana 755

Arkansas 734

California 712

Wyoming 641

New Hampshire 637

Maryland 611

Florida 586

Washington 583

Nevada 544

Kansas 505

Texas 493

Alabama 437

South Carolina 390

Idaho 194

Kentucky NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Michigan 719

District of Columbia 679

Louisiana 620

Oklahoma 613

Hawaii 600

Illinois 584

Alaska 567

West Virginia 565

Delaware 547

New York 536

Ohio 528

North Dakota 524

Tennessee 513

Connecticut 506

Rhode Island 506

Iowa 500

Indiana 494

Oregon 489

Arkansas 486

Nebraska 479

California 478

Massachusetts 478

North Carolina 469

South Carolina 467

Mississippi 463

Wisconsin 458

Washington 457

Colorado 456

Missouri 448

Minnesota 440

Georgia 437

Pennsylvania 434

Maine 424

Vermont 422

Alabama 412

New Hampshire 412

Montana 400

New Jersey 400

Florida 395

Virginia 395

Texas 385

New Mexico 370

Maryland 368

Arizona 361

South Dakota 358

Utah 333

Kansas 326

Nevada 290

Idaho 286

Wyoming 100

Kentucky NA

Ap

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202 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

StateM e a n A n n u a l Percent

Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Wyoming $23760 $33800 423

Montana 23920 32640 365

Massachusetts 34770 45800 317

New Hampshire 30840 38870 260

North Dakota 30190 38010 259

Minnesota 36010 44710 242

California 36150 44570 233

Louisiana 31310 38310 224

Vermont 31290 37990 214

Maryland 36220 43980 214

Kansas 27250 32920 208

Maine 30120 36110 199

Nebraska 26440 31250 182

Illinois 35700 42170 181

Washington 30060 35390 177

Rhode Island 40970 47990 171

Michigan 38490 44860 165

Missouri 27350 31820 163

Alabama 28000 32540 162

Ohio 31440 36430 159

Arkansas 27640 32020 158

New York 38300 44190 154

Oklahoma 25830 29620 147

Nevada 36650 41980 145

West Virginia 22390 25530 140

Colorado 37180 42230 136

Texas 29820 33820 134

Wisconsin 34520 39040 131

Connecticut 45360 51100 127

North Carolina 32270 35980 115

Utah 29480 32750 111

Alaska 35200 38860 104

Iowa 32640 35900 100

Florida 30160 33090 97

Indiana 28590 31260 93

Georgia 30780 33560 90

New Jersey 45200 49240 89

Tennessee 25670 27930 88

South Dakota 28140 30440 82

Pennsylvania 29530 31880 80

Delaware 33700 36300 77

Virginia 35970 38700 76

South Carolina 28630 30750 74

Hawaii 38940 41650 70

Arizona 30940 32650 55

Mississippi 28230 29380 41

District of Columbia 36530 37870 37

Oregon 35190 35710 15

New Mexico 30970 28850 -68

Idaho 38830 32340 -167

Kentucky 28140 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Rhode Island $47990 $38240

Nevada 41980 34300

North Dakota 38010 30620

Louisiana 38310 31230

Connecticut 51100 44400

New Jersey 49240 43040

Michigan 44860 39590

Minnesota 44710 39840

Hawaii 41650 36750

Iowa 35900 31990

Wisconsin 39040 35240

Illinois 42170 38580

Vermont 37990 34650

Montana 32640 29880

Maine 36110 33480

California 44570 41980

Maryland 43980 41360

Arkansas 32020 29560

Colorado 42230 39820

North Carolina 35980 34120

New Hampshire 38870 37450

South Dakota 30440 29080

Wyoming 33800 32510

Mississippi 29380 28630

Alabama 32540 31940

New York 44190 43590

Ohio 36430 35910

Massachusetts 45800 45290

Virginia 38700 39130

Idaho 32340 32770

Florida 33090 33750

Kansas 32920 33780

South Carolina 30750 31940

Oregon 35710 36980

Utah 32750 34110

Texas 33820 35310

Oklahoma 29620 31150

Nebraska 31250 33060

Arizona 32650 34880

Georgia 33560 35840

Indiana 31260 33820

Missouri 31820 34460

Delaware 36300 39050

Alaska 38860 42170

Pennsylvania 31880 35970

New Mexico 28850 33000

Tennessee 27930 32730

West Virginia 25530 30470

Washington 35390 40860

District of Columbia 37870 57980

Ap

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 203

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Illinois $22170 $64510 1910

New Jersey 27820 75890 1728

Virginia 22830 60760 1661

Michigan 25340 66290 1616

California 26210 67700 1583

New York 27130 69360 1557

Rhode Island 27380 69310 1531

New Mexico 17210 43430 1524

Pennsylvania 19080 47500 1490

Alabama 19850 48690 1453

Iowa 21100 51690 1450

Colorado 25690 62900 1448

New Hampshire 25620 62360 1434

Louisiana 22970 55640 1422

Massachusetts 27620 65910 1386

Connecticut 29920 71230 1381

District of Columbia 24530 57170 1331

Oregon 22170 51160 1308

Idaho 22660 51060 1253

Maryland 25970 57520 1215

Alaska 25610 56040 1188

Wisconsin 25650 55880 1179

Minnesota 28890 62830 1175

Montana 20400 43850 1150

Nevada 28190 59640 1116

Florida 23010 48680 1116

Utah 21790 46050 1113

Texas 23040 48590 1109

Delaware 23890 50190 1101

Ohio 24350 51110 1099

Washington 24300 50910 1095

Hawaii 27550 57320 1081

Arizona 21200 43820 1067

Nebraska 21540 43670 1027

North Dakota 26600 53670 1018

West Virginia 16990 34270 1017

North Carolina 24950 49250 974

Arkansas 22640 44300 957

Maine 25220 49190 950

Vermont 26510 51630 948

Indiana 22030 42380 924

Tennessee 20060 38510 920

Missouri 22730 42820 884

Wyoming 24510 45770 867

Mississippi 21690 39560 824

Kansas 24500 43890 791

South Carolina 23220 41170 773

Oklahoma 20360 35110 724

South Dakota 23540 39400 674

Georgia 27650 43280 565

Ap

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204 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Utah 1474

Washington 1457

Illinois 1238

California 1220

New Jersey 1178

Alaska 1097

Montana 1095

Colorado 1083

Oregon 1067

Wisconsin 1048

Kansas 1047

Delaware 1042

Rhode Island 1020

Virginia 1018

Connecticut 1000

New Hampshire 996

Maryland 994

Idaho 992

Michigan 992

Arizona 971

Massachusetts 962

Vermont 959

Nebraska 945

Oklahoma 935

Tennessee 929

South Dakota 923

Missouri 917

Indiana 898

New York 888

Minnesota 875

Nevada 857

Ohio 854

New Mexico 841

Kentucky 837

North Dakota 828

Florida 824

Hawaii 810

Iowa 794

South Carolina 770

Arkansas 767

Louisiana 737

Maine 730

Mississippi 727

Texas 723

North Carolina 709

Alabama 676

Pennsylvania 642

Georgia 542

Wyoming 361

West Virginia 348

District of Columbia NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Connecticut 620

Hawaii 600

Washington 580

Nebraska 556

Michigan 537

Illinois 536

West Virginia 514

Rhode Island 500

New York 490

North Dakota 484

Maine 482

Georgia 468

Iowa 464

Louisiana 462

Vermont 459

South Carolina 458

Oklahoma 457

Colorado 455

Pennsylvania 455

Delaware 453

Montana 452

Minnesota 451

Mississippi 446

Ohio 445

New Jersey 431

Oregon 429

Maryland 425

Alabama 425

Florida 422

Kentucky 417

South Dakota 417

New Mexico 409

Texas 400

Wisconsin 400

Indiana 395

Arkansas 387

New Hampshire 375

Utah 370

Massachusetts 367

Missouri 367

Virginia 361

North Carolina 354

Nevada 347

Tennessee 330

California 328

Idaho 327

Arizona 286

Kansas 286

Wyoming 200

Alaska NA

District of Columbia NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 700

Georgia 607

California 571

Idaho 569

Tennessee 563

North Carolina 530

Nevada 529

Utah 506

Virginia 494

New Hampshire 472

Missouri 472

Kansas 458

Wyoming 444

Arkansas 442

Indiana 429

Colorado 427

Wisconsin 425

Texas 420

New Mexico 417

South Dakota 397

Alaska 394

Kentucky 392

Alabama 383

Florida 383

Maryland 376

New Jersey 366

Oklahoma 350

Ohio 348

Delaware 345

Mississippi 343

Louisiana 342

Minnesota 341

Montana 337

Pennsylvania 332

Vermont 330

South Carolina 323

Iowa 313

Massachusetts 306

Maine 306

North Dakota 305

New York 295

Rhode Island 288

West Virginia 275

Oregon 261

Michigan 243

Illinois 243

Hawaii 230

Washington 218

Nebraska 218

Connecticut 165

District of Columbia NA

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 205

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

New Hampshire $23010 $35540 545

Arizona 22760 32080 409

South Dakota 18890 26360 395

West Virginia 19120 26070 363

Maryland 24820 32050 291

Louisiana 18500 23210 255

Maine 22500 28020 245

Vermont 25900 31490 216

New York 24780 29750 201

Oregon 28490 34140 198

Delaware 26140 31150 192

Arkansas 19200 22840 190

North Carolina 26220 31160 188

Michigan 26010 30870 187

North Dakota 25240 29760 179

Nebraska 22570 26540 176

Wisconsin 24250 28110 159

Colorado 29680 34290 155

Ohio 24340 28080 154

Virginia 26620 30690 153

Missouri 24110 27620 146

Florida 24570 28030 141

Tennessee 24200 27600 140

South Carolina 24720 28050 135

Indiana 25140 28380 129

Pennsylvania 23280 25920 113

Connecticut 30640 33940 108

Mississippi 21290 23490 103

Nevada 31340 34450 99

Iowa 26290 28720 92

Minnesota 31430 34170 87

New Jersey 30820 33430 85

Alabama 20750 22230 71

Wyoming 22330 23870 69

Rhode Island 27710 29510 65

Kentucky 24320 25860 63

Oklahoma 23150 24530 60

Kansas 24140 25300 48

Illinois 27160 28460 48

Utah 23280 24300 44

Georgia 26270 27280 38

New Mexico 23060 23910 37

California 30630 31750 37

Montana 22450 23010 25

Massachusetts 33470 34290 24

Hawaii 28450 29030 20

Texas 27080 27550 17

Washington 32380 32670 09

Idaho 29220 29050 -06

Alaska 36370 34240 -59

District of Columbia 39910 36930 -75

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Nevada $34450 $34300

North Dakota 29760 30620

New Hampshire 35540 37450

South Dakota 26360 29080

Arizona 32080 34880

Oregon 34140 36980

North Carolina 31160 34120

Vermont 31490 34650

Iowa 28720 31990

Idaho 29050 32770

South Carolina 28050 31940

West Virginia 26070 30470

Tennessee 27600 32730

Mississippi 23490 28630

Maine 28020 33480

Indiana 28380 33820

Colorado 34290 39820

Minnesota 34170 39840

Florida 28030 33750

Kentucky 25860 32170

Nebraska 26540 33060

Oklahoma 24530 31150

Arkansas 22840 29560

Missouri 27620 34460

Montana 23010 29880

Wisconsin 28110 35240

Hawaii 29030 36750

Texas 27550 35310

Ohio 28080 35910

Delaware 31150 39050

Alaska 34240 42170

Louisiana 23210 31230

Washington 32670 40860

Virginia 30690 39130

Kansas 25300 33780

Georgia 27280 35840

Wyoming 23870 32510

Rhode Island 29510 38240

Michigan 30870 39590

New Mexico 23910 33000

Maryland 32050 41360

New Jersey 33430 43040

Alabama 22230 31940

Utah 24300 34110

Pennsylvania 25920 35970

Illinois 28460 38580

California 31750 41980

Connecticut 33940 44400

Massachusetts 34290 45290

New York 29750 43590

District of Columbia 36930 57980

Ap

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206 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Montana $12070 $34860 1888

Idaho 17600 44490 1528

Rhode Island 16270 40790 1507

Arizona 18100 43410 1398

Virginia 19270 45090 1340

Alabama 14310 33230 1322

Mississippi 14810 34120 1304

Louisiana 14680 33450 1279

New Mexico 15190 34190 1251

California 20100 43950 1187

North Carolina 20180 43470 1154

Texas 18190 38930 1140

Missouri 18490 39310 1126

North Dakota 20210 42240 1090

Pennsylvania 17100 35420 1071

Colorado 23040 47610 1066

Michigan 20830 42050 1019

Arkansas 15730 31680 1014

Washington 22270 44660 1005

Illinois 18800 37680 1004

Hawaii 17560 35160 1002

South Carolina 19610 39170 997

Delaware 21510 42830 991

Wyoming 16350 32240 972

Minnesota 22680 44370 956

New Jersey 23160 44860 937

West Virginia 18200 35180 933

Maryland 21810 42130 932

Georgia 18890 36260 920

Kentucky 18120 34500 904

Kansas 18290 34450 884

Florida 19700 36520 854

Utah 16930 31360 852

New York 21850 40450 851

Connecticut 23910 43790 831

New Hampshire 24600 45030 830

Indiana 19980 36400 822

South Dakota 19310 34720 798

Iowa 20950 37650 797

Oklahoma 18340 32810 789

Vermont 22630 40270 779

Tennessee 19690 34880 771

Massachusetts 25320 44240 747

Ohio 20320 35380 741

Wisconsin 20720 35160 697

Nebraska 20110 34100 696

Oregon 26180 43450 660

Maine 22400 35600 589

Alaska 27650 43270 565

Nevada 28160 43070 529

District of Columbia 29780 44360 490

Ap

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 207

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Nebraska 371

Maryland 300

Rhode Island 254

Oklahoma 224

North Dakota 175

Alabama 174

Arizona 163

Massachusetts 147

Illinois 141

Delaware 136

Colorado 129

Michigan 128

Maine 125

Ohio 118

Missouri 118

Louisiana 114

Iowa 109

Indiana 109

District of Columbia 108

Pennsylvania 107

Utah 99

Montana 99

Connecticut 98

North Carolina 97

New Mexico 92

South Carolina 85

Idaho 84

New York 79

New Hampshire 78

Florida 78

Minnesota 77

Wisconsin 75

Washington 74

Tennessee 71

California 69

Virginia 68

Texas 67

Kansas 59

Mississippi 58

Arkansas 51

Georgia 47

New Jersey 47

West Virginia 39

Kentucky 33

Nevada 23

Oregon 20

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

South Dakota NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 1000

New Jersey 1000

West Virginia 1000

Louisiana 600

South Carolina 600

Maryland 564

Washington 550

Massachusetts 545

Ohio 529

Connecticut 500

Delaware 500

Iowa 500

Kentucky 500

New York 500

Wisconsin 500

Illinois 469

Colorado 464

Georgia 450

Indiana 450

Missouri 450

Michigan 436

California 429

Virginia 429

Alabama 400

Arkansas 400

Nebraska 400

Kansas 375

Rhode Island 375

Pennsylvania 366

Oklahoma 350

Idaho 333

Maine 333

Minnesota 333

Montana 333

New Hampshire 333

North Dakota 333

Tennessee 333

Texas 333

Florida 320

Mississippi 286

North Carolina 250

Arizona 218

Utah 00

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

Nevada NA

New Mexico NA

Oregon NA

South Dakota NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 489

Idaho 434

Nevada 400

Utah 391

New Mexico 353

Kansas 313

Mississippi 299

North Carolina 284

Texas 276

Georgia 275

Florida 262

Colorado 259

New Jersey 250

Minnesota 245

Montana 244

Wisconsin 244

Maine 241

Arkansas 216

New Hampshire 210

Massachusetts 202

Pennsylvania 197

Tennessee 195

Alabama 192

Nebraska 183

Delaware 182

Oklahoma 179

Michigan 178

Washington 178

Connecticut 176

Rhode Island 176

Iowa 172

California 167

Indiana 164

Missouri 164

Virginia 162

Louisiana 157

North Dakota 153

Illinois 149

Oregon 143

New York 125

Kentucky 120

Ohio 119

South Carolina 114

Maryland 107

West Virginia 57

District of Columbia 16

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

South Dakota NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Ap

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208 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Utah $16710 $23880 429

Idaho 17440 24840 424

Massachusetts 22610 32100 420

Nevada 24670 34520 399

Alabama 17390 23790 368

Iowa 15970 21530 348

Texas 19000 24470 288

Illinois 18630 23990 288

Oklahoma 15870 20260 277

Virginia 17940 22340 245

Connecticut 26720 33220 243

Maryland 24040 29510 228

Washington 27520 33480 217

Michigan 22840 27050 184

Missouri 17690 20890 181

Mississippi 18550 21660 168

New Hampshire 23210 26890 159

Kentucky 21840 25220 155

Minnesota 27930 32250 155

Nebraska 18390 21160 151

California 26030 29820 146

Colorado 19940 22770 142

Vermont 22010 25110 141

Maine 23000 26190 139

Kansas 18980 21470 131

Louisiana 15180 17090 126

Rhode Island 21080 23590 119

Ohio 26660 29740 116

New Jersey 29590 32760 107

Wisconsin 22240 24200 88

Pennsylvania 23280 25140 80

Florida 22830 24210 60

Tennessee 20900 21480 28

Oregon 27200 27800 22

New York 30400 30630 08

North Carolina 21220 21220 00

Indiana 21800 21420 -17

New Mexico 20460 19830 -31

District of Columbia 24940 24100 -34

West Virginia 22600 21620 -43

Arizona 21670 19950 -79

South Carolina 21290 19250 -96

Arkansas 22500 18930 -159

Georgia 29970 22940 -235

Delaware 18380 NA NA

Hawaii NA 28950 NA

Montana NA 20730 NA

North Dakota NA 20590 NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Nevada $34520 $34300

Ohio 29740 35910

Kentucky 25220 32170

Mississippi 21660 28630

Maine 26190 33480

Washington 33480 40860

Minnesota 32250 39840

Hawaii 28950 36750

Idaho 24840 32770

Alabama 23790 31940

West Virginia 21620 30470

Montana 20730 29880

Oregon 27800 36980

Florida 24210 33750

Vermont 25110 34650

North Dakota 20590 30620

Utah 23880 34110

New Jersey 32760 43040

Iowa 21530 31990

New Hampshire 26890 37450

Arkansas 18930 29560

Pennsylvania 25140 35970

Texas 24470 35310

Oklahoma 20260 31150

Wisconsin 24200 35240

Connecticut 33220 44400

Tennessee 21480 32730

Maryland 29510 41360

Nebraska 21160 33060

California 29820 41980

Kansas 21470 33780

Indiana 21420 33820

Michigan 27050 39590

South Carolina 19250 31940

North Carolina 21220 34120

Georgia 22940 35840

New York 30630 43590

New Mexico 19830 33000

Massachusetts 32100 45290

Missouri 20890 34460

Louisiana 17090 31230

Illinois 23990 38580

Rhode Island 23590 38240

Arizona 19950 34880

Virginia 22340 39130

Colorado 22770 39820

District of Columbia 24100 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 209

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Nevada $15400 $55590 2610

Massachusetts 17870 63330 2544

Illinois 13700 47070 2436

Idaho 13700 41370 2020

Florida 14030 39810 1837

Texas 13410 37080 1765

Alabama 13610 37490 1755

Oregon 15110 41030 1715

Georgia 12820 34540 1694

Pennsylvania 15470 39830 1575

Arizona 12190 31320 1569

West Virginia 12820 32830 1561

District of Columbia 13670 34720 1540

California 17450 43060 1468

Colorado 13800 33330 1415

Rhode Island 14970 34160 1282

New York 18610 42100 1262

Mississippi 14440 32650 1261

New Jersey 19330 43630 1257

Michigan 18830 42320 1247

Arkansas 12400 27800 1242

Kansas 14290 31900 1232

South Carolina 12740 28340 1224

Montana 12780 28280 1213

New Mexico 13210 29020 1197

North Carolina 13620 29720 1182

Virginia 15170 32960 1173

Louisiana 11900 25620 1153

Wisconsin 16110 34610 1148

Oklahoma 14010 30060 1146

Kentucky 18190 38630 1124

Missouri 14220 29510 1075

Indiana 14640 30110 1057

Ohio 19410 38380 977

Nebraska 14760 29120 973

Connecticut 22970 43690 902

Iowa 15700 28800 834

New Hampshire 19570 35690 824

Utah 17540 31530 798

Vermont 18770 33670 794

Minnesota 24060 42880 782

Tennessee 15800 28070 777

North Dakota 15690 27810 772

Hawaii 21980 38100 733

Maine 19850 34340 730

Washington 25730 42800 663

Maryland 23990 35760 491

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210 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 4706

Arkansas 4696

North Dakota 4194

Louisiana 4056

Oklahoma 3953

West Virginia 3898

Tennessee 3821

Nebraska 3700

Alabama 3559

South Carolina 3541

Minnesota 3511

Missouri 3213

Ohio 3131

Mississippi 3121

Pennsylvania 2961

Kentucky 2921

Texas 2785

Delaware 2717

Massachusetts 2699

Florida 2696

Virginia 2629

Georgia 2616

Vermont 2581

Indiana 2535

Montana 2499

Kansas 2495

South Dakota 2460

New York 2453

Iowa 2339

Wisconsin 2320

Idaho 2196

Connecticut 2151

New Jersey 2145

Rhode Island 2097

North Carolina 2091

Hawaii 1985

Michigan 1798

Maine 1768

New Mexico 1752

Washington 1722

Illinois 1677

Arizona 1622

California 1512

Colorado 1429

Maryland 1409

Wyoming 1322

Utah 1254

Nevada 1134

Oregon 832

Alaska 811

New Hampshire NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 1000

South Carolina 949

Connecticut 781

North Dakota 773

Pennsylvania 727

Nebraska 697

Michigan 696

Delaware 686

West Virginia 671

Massachusetts 670

New York 658

Louisiana 637

Indiana 630

Rhode Island 628

Illinois 625

Kentucky 624

Missouri 622

Maine 602

Iowa 600

Oklahoma 596

Minnesota 590

Ohio 587

South Dakota 577

Arkansas 576

Vermont 574

Montana 568

Washington 553

Alaska 550

Alabama 538

Georgia 535

Oregon 533

Maryland 527

Tennessee 525

Wisconsin 519

New Mexico 514

Kansas 513

Hawaii 500

North Carolina 500

Texas 500

Wyoming 500

Mississippi 495

Virginia 495

New Jersey 488

California 477

Colorado 450

Florida 449

Idaho 388

Nevada 375

Utah 375

Arizona 357

New Hampshire NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 392

Nevada 369

Idaho 340

Utah 316

Florida 268

Colorado 263

Kansas 242

Oregon 239

California 238

Alabama 232

New Jersey 228

Virginia 223

Mississippi 223

North Carolina 221

Texas 218

New Mexico 209

Wisconsin 203

Maryland 196

Tennessee 196

Washington 191

Georgia 189

Alaska 173

Hawaii 171

Montana 168

Vermont 165

Arkansas 160

South Dakota 160

Ohio 153

Minnesota 152

Wyoming 152

Oklahoma 146

Maine 144

Iowa 144

Missouri 133

Kentucky 131

Rhode Island 131

Illinois 131

Indiana 129

Louisiana 126

Massachusetts 126

New York 112

West Virginia 106

Delaware 100

Nebraska 96

Michigan 95

Pennsylvania 82

North Dakota 63

Connecticut 62

South Carolina 14

District of Columbia 00

New Hampshire NA

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 211

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

District of Columbia $34410 $48370 406

New Jersey 35960 46010 279

New Mexico 29870 38030 273

South Carolina 27540 34960 269

Maryland 35960 44110 227

Colorado 30610 37410 222

Hawaii 31050 37730 215

Montana 24160 29300 213

Pennsylvania 30680 37040 207

Arkansas 24340 29370 207

Arizona 30500 36780 206

Washington 32270 38700 199

Delaware 34940 41720 194

Oklahoma 25130 29980 193

New York 31010 36970 192

Iowa 26490 31480 188

New Hampshire 31460 37400 189

Louisiana 25540 30360 189

Nebraska 26900 31860 184

Alabama 24210 28680 185

Virginia 29100 34430 183

Massachusetts 38090 44910 179

West Virginia 24220 28420 173

North Dakota 25770 30220 173

Kentucky 27500 32210 171

Wyoming 26810 31390 171

Florida 30110 35250 171

North Carolina 29650 34710 171

Georgia 26440 30920 169

Connecticut 41130 47860 164

Maine 28490 33140 163

Oregon 33330 38730 162

Vermont 28820 33410 159

South Dakota 24880 28720 154

Mississippi 23830 27500 154

California 36410 41920 151

Minnesota 30120 34660 151

Wisconsin 31520 36210 149

Illinois 30530 34980 146

Utah 28650 32710 142

Ohio 31640 36040 139

Missouri 27140 30910 139

Idaho 28130 32020 138

Michigan 32500 36920 136

Alaska 35500 40150 131

Nevada 34450 38820 127

Indiana 30730 34440 121

Tennessee 27660 30940 119

Texas 30740 34260 115

Rhode Island 38660 42730 105

Kansas 28810 31710 101

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

New Mexico $38030 $33000

Nevada 38820 34300

Rhode Island 42730 38240

Connecticut 47860 44400

South Carolina 34960 31940

New Jersey 46010 43040

Maryland 44110 41360

Delaware 41720 39050

Arizona 36780 34880

Oregon 38730 36980

Florida 35250 33750

Pennsylvania 37040 35970

Hawaii 37730 36750

Wisconsin 36210 35240

Indiana 34440 33820

North Carolina 34710 34120

Ohio 36040 35910

Kentucky 32210 32170

California 41920 41980

New Hampshire 37400 37450

Arkansas 29370 29560

Maine 33140 33480

South Dakota 28720 29080

Massachusetts 44910 45290

North Dakota 30220 30620

Iowa 31480 31990

Montana 29300 29880

Idaho 32020 32770

Louisiana 30360 31230

Texas 34260 35310

Wyoming 31390 32510

Mississippi 27500 28630

Oklahoma 29980 31150

Nebraska 31860 33060

Vermont 33410 34650

Utah 32710 34110

Tennessee 30940 32730

Alaska 40150 42170

West Virginia 28420 30470

Kansas 31710 33780

Washington 38700 40860

Colorado 37410 39820

Michigan 36920 39590

Alabama 28680 31940

Missouri 30910 34460

Illinois 34980 38580

Virginia 34430 39130

Georgia 30920 35840

Minnesota 34660 39840

New York 36970 43590

District of Columbia 48370 57980

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212 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Pennsylvania $25040 $52640 1102

New York 26410 50540 914

Illinois 24690 45600 847

Idaho 23050 41960 820

Texas 24690 44890 818

Utah 24200 43710 806

Kentucky 23990 43110 797

District of Columbia 36730 65930 795

Virginia 24930 44690 793

Missouri 23060 41310 791

Arizona 25590 45760 788

South Carolina 24410 43600 786

Georgia 23280 41360 777

Mississippi 20080 35670 776

Tennessee 23160 41140 776

Wyoming 23240 41080 768

Delaware 31220 54850 757

Indiana 25600 44930 755

New Jersey 34490 60530 755

Colorado 27500 48060 748

West Virginia 20710 36150 746

Arkansas 21810 38040 744

New Mexico 28420 49540 743

California 31530 54910 742

Maine 24600 42740 737

Florida 26040 45130 733

Maryland 33050 56690 715

Massachusetts 33520 57440 714

Nevada 27670 47030 700

Oklahoma 22710 38560 698

Rhode Island 32480 54950 692

Kansas 24390 41200 689

Nebraska 24440 41230 687

North Carolina 26210 44150 684

Alabama 21510 36190 682

Alaska 31020 51800 670

Louisiana 23240 38730 667

Iowa 24370 40110 646

Minnesota 26720 43820 640

Ohio 27640 45320 640

Vermont 26400 42310 603

Connecticut 37270 59720 602

Michigan 28650 45640 593

New Hampshire 29210 46460 591

Oregon 30170 47730 582

Wisconsin 28910 45440 572

North Dakota 24150 36970 531

Washington 30560 46640 526

South Dakota 23250 35410 523

Montana 23500 35670 518

Hawaii 30170 45490 508

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 213

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

South Dakota 998

North Dakota 790

Wisconsin 706

Minnesota 603

Iowa 598

Montana 572

West Virginia 563

Nebraska 561

Pennsylvania 534

Maine 524

Washington 501

Oregon 497

Idaho 482

Vermont 480

Kentucky 453

Michigan 447

Kansas 446

Missouri 437

Oklahoma 433

New Hampshire 413

New Mexico 404

Arkansas 399

Delaware 372

Tennessee 361

North Carolina 356

Virginia 354

Indiana 351

Louisiana 346

Ohio 346

Georgia 345

Alaska 343

New Jersey 326

Alabama 324

Rhode Island 315

Illinois 314

Florida 306

District of Columbia 301

Colorado 296

Connecticut 289

Mississippi 277

Massachusetts 268

Utah 267

Arizona 264

Wyoming 260

South Carolina 246

California 232

New York 227

Texas 205

Maryland 195

Nevada 161

Hawaii NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Wyoming 800

District of Columbia 750

South Carolina 725

Nebraska 692

Pennsylvania 612

North Dakota 600

Rhode Island 600

Michigan 585

Louisiana 580

West Virginia 576

Oregon 560

Illinois 549

Massachusetts 548

Vermont 545

Iowa 538

California 536

New York 533

Ohio 533

Maryland 526

Connecticut 525

Oklahoma 517

Alaska 500

Delaware 500

Montana 500

Kentucky 493

Washington 479

Indiana 475

North Carolina 462

Colorado 457

New Jersey 455

Texas 444

Mississippi 441

Maine 433

Minnesota 427

Kansas 421

Tennessee 421

New Hampshire 417

Wisconsin 412

Nevada 400

Missouri 391

South Dakota 389

Alabama 385

Arkansas 385

Virginia 375

Georgia 373

New Mexico 367

Florida 352

Idaho 333

Arizona 314

Utah 250

Hawaii NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 412

Utah 371

Idaho 370

Kansas 364

Nevada 343

Florida 342

Colorado 331

Georgia 315

Virginia 311

Arkansas 300

South Dakota 286

Missouri 270

Alabama 269

North Carolina 267

Wisconsin 266

Tennessee 263

New Hampshire 262

Maine 254

New Mexico 253

Oregon 251

Minnesota 247

Washington 240

Mississippi 240

Alaska 227

Texas 225

Massachusetts 221

New Jersey 214

Delaware 200

Montana 196

Iowa 194

Oklahoma 192

Indiana 190

Kentucky 186

Connecticut 180

Vermont 176

Maryland 175

Ohio 162

California 160

New York 159

Wyoming 154

Illinois 153

West Virginia 141

Michigan 131

Louisiana 129

North Dakota 126

Rhode Island 116

Pennsylvania 116

South Carolina 109

Nebraska 86

District of Columbia 59

Hawaii NA

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214 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Massachusetts $28400 $36850 298

Kansas 21240 27560 298

Colorado 26560 34440 297

Tennessee 22740 28310 245

Delaware 24830 30270 219

Nebraska 21200 25810 217

Louisiana 21340 25920 215

Idaho 23300 28030 203

Michigan 24970 29990 201

California 30670 36580 193

Iowa 22510 26780 190

Connecticut 29290 34780 187

Virginia 23900 28210 180

Wisconsin 25060 29410 174

Missouri 24160 28220 168

Maine 24950 29100 166

New York 27380 31860 164

Illinois 24310 28160 158

Kentucky 23400 26900 150

Arkansas 21740 24920 146

Rhode Island 27390 31160 138

West Virginia 20820 23680 137

North Dakota 21570 24500 136

Mississippi 21380 24180 131

New Jersey 30390 34370 131

Alaska 34090 38380 126

Georgia 24390 27300 119

Texas 25040 27940 116

District of Columbia 28910 32240 115

South Dakota 22580 25180 115

New Hampshire 27080 30180 114

Florida 24960 27780 113

Utah 24710 27350 107

Minnesota 27800 30560 99

Montana 23150 25400 97

Pennsylvania 24560 26860 94

Alabama 23290 25380 90

Vermont 25650 27890 87

Oregon 27510 29820 84

Washington 29950 32430 83

Arizona 27770 30050 82

Indiana 24920 26890 79

North Carolina 26300 28330 77

Ohio 25520 27410 74

Wyoming 22620 24210 70

South Carolina 26170 27850 64

New Mexico 24440 25890 59

Oklahoma 23370 23650 12

Maryland 33950 33960 00

Nevada 33400 32900 -15

Hawaii 33050 32050 -30

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Nevada $32900 $34300

Alaska 38380 42170

South Dakota 25180 29080

South Carolina 27850 31940

Maine 29100 33480

Tennessee 28310 32730

Mississippi 24180 28630

Montana 25400 29880

Arkansas 24920 29560

Hawaii 32050 36750

Idaho 28030 32770

Arizona 30050 34880

Iowa 26780 31990

Kentucky 26900 32170

Louisiana 25920 31230

Colorado 34440 39820

California 36580 41980

North Carolina 28330 34120

Wisconsin 29410 35240

Florida 27780 33750

North Dakota 24500 30620

Kansas 27560 33780

Missouri 28220 34460

Alabama 25380 31940

Utah 27350 34110

Vermont 27890 34650

West Virginia 23680 30470

Indiana 26890 33820

Rhode Island 31160 38240

New Mexico 25890 33000

Oregon 29820 36980

Nebraska 25810 33060

New Hampshire 30180 37450

Texas 27940 35310

Maryland 33960 41360

Oklahoma 23650 31150

Wyoming 24210 32510

Washington 32430 40860

Massachusetts 36850 45290

Ohio 27410 35910

Georgia 27300 35840

New Jersey 34370 43040

Delaware 30270 39050

Pennsylvania 26860 35970

Minnesota 30560 39840

Michigan 29990 39590

Connecticut 34780 44400

Illinois 28160 38580

Virginia 28210 39130

New York 31860 43590

District of Columbia 32240 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 215

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Oklahoma $14400 $33230 1308

Virginia 19060 42690 1240

Utah 16940 37850 1234

Colorado 24040 50010 1080

Maine 19940 41110 1062

South Carolina 17590 36120 1053

Texas 19220 38680 1012

Illinois 19520 38440 969

Tennessee 19810 38680 953

Massachusetts 25490 49680 949

Hawaii 22830 44030 929

California 24630 47280 920

New Jersey 23760 45410 911

Maryland 23650 44970 901

New York 22640 42980 898

Oregon 21050 39870 894

Missouri 19640 36990 883

Kansas 19640 36580 863

Florida 19320 35840 855

Georgia 19990 36360 819

Louisiana 18740 33990 814

District of Columbia 23910 43300 811

West Virginia 16900 30380 798

Kentucky 19300 34650 795

North Dakota 18290 32700 788

Washington 23830 42520 784

Montana 19000 33840 781

Mississippi 17880 31470 760

Iowa 19900 34780 748

New Mexico 19550 34080 743

Pennsylvania 20040 34820 738

Connecticut 25540 44190 730

New Hampshire 22730 39300 729

North Carolina 20940 36190 728

Nebraska 19550 33750 726

Indiana 20150 34420 708

South Dakota 19420 33000 699

Vermont 20490 34650 691

Michigan 22220 37530 689

Ohio 20780 34940 681

Arizona 22020 36760 669

Idaho 21630 35480 640

Wyoming 18270 29580 619

Rhode Island 24200 39100 616

Arkansas 18730 30170 611

Alabama 19620 31540 608

Delaware 24070 38250 589

Minnesota 23630 37540 589

Nevada 26060 41400 589

Wisconsin 23330 36090 547

Alaska 30960 45600 473

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216 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Pennsylvania 492

Ohio 159

North Dakota 140

Massachusetts 131

New Jersey 117

Wisconsin 112

Oklahoma 97

Connecticut 90

New Hampshire 81

New York 80

Nevada 78

Missouri 76

South Carolina 76

Minnesota 72

Maine 72

Washington 69

North Carolina 67

Indiana 67

Virginia 63

Utah 60

Alabama 58

Colorado 58

Florida 58

Louisiana 56

Arkansas 55

Texas 55

Illinois 54

New Mexico 54

Montana 54

Nebraska 53

Maryland 52

Michigan 50

Hawaii 49

Tennessee 45

Oregon 43

District of Columbia 43

Mississippi 41

Arizona 39

California 37

West Virginia 37

Kansas 37

Idaho 35

Georgia 32

Delaware 25

Alaska NA

Iowa NA

Kentucky NA

Rhode Island NA

South Dakota NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Oregon 600

South Carolina 600

Montana 500

New Jersey 500

Tennessee 500

West Virginia 500

Massachusetts 481

Colorado 476

Indiana 450

Oklahoma 450

Kansas 429

Connecticut 400

Pennsylvania 353

Alabama 333

Idaho 333

New York 333

North Carolina 333

Wisconsin 333

Illinois 310

Michigan 261

Maine 250

Minnesota 250

Mississippi 250

Nebraska 250

North Dakota 250

Ohio 240

California 222

Arizona 214

Maryland 214

Texas 214

New Hampshire 200

Arkansas 182

Virginia 182

Florida 160

Missouri 150

Louisiana 100

Nevada 100

Washington 100

Georgia 00

Utah 00

Alaska NA

Delaware NA

District of Columbia NA

Hawaii NA

Iowa NA

Kentucky NA

New Mexico NA

Rhode Island NA

South Dakota NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Virginia 599

Arkansas 593

Utah 571

Arizona 548

California 538

Nevada 529

Delaware 500

Mississippi 487

North Carolina 464

Texas 458

Florida 438

Idaho 426

Alabama 423

Colorado 423

Georgia 407

Ohio 403

Kansas 400

Louisiana 400

Missouri 395

New Hampshire 379

Wisconsin 377

Maryland 368

Michigan 340

Hawaii 333

Minnesota 326

Oklahoma 324

Massachusetts 321

Maine 301

New Mexico 300

Illinois 296

North Dakota 292

Pennsylvania 287

Nebraska 283

Tennessee 269

Indiana 268

New York 240

Montana 224

West Virginia 224

Washington 214

Oregon 200

Connecticut 194

South Carolina 129

District of Columbia 00

New Jersey 00

Alaska NA

Iowa NA

Kentucky NA

Rhode Island NA

South Dakota NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 217

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

North Carolina $27950 $40480 448

Nebraska 23580 33010 400

Utah 30210 39840 319

Michigan 29970 39480 317

Maryland 31590 40660 287

Maine 28540 36710 286

Washington 31740 38910 226

Texas 34660 42100 215

California 38300 45730 194

Pennsylvania 32250 38010 179

Rhode Island 33990 40010 177

New Hampshire 32310 37890 173

New Mexico 29680 34620 166

Nevada 28270 32880 163

Kentucky 35140 40480 152

Kansas 33020 37950 149

West Virginia 35400 40530 145

Hawaii 31780 36090 136

Colorado 31760 36030 134

Oregon 34290 38880 134

Alabama 34910 39240 124

Mississippi 32430 36330 120

Virginia 35580 39710 116

Florida 38650 43120 116

Arkansas 31420 34940 112

New York 33010 36660 111

Oklahoma 34050 37790 110

Connecticut 38290 42170 101

South Carolina 35610 38820 90

Vermont 30770 33340 84

Montana 28670 30840 76

District of Columbia 33630 35720 62

Massachusetts 35840 38070 62

Ohio 37210 39530 62

Indiana 36480 38720 61

Wisconsin 32700 34650 60

Iowa 31550 33210 53

New Jersey 37640 39560 51

Arizona 34350 35820 43

Minnesota 33400 33940 16

North Dakota 29080 28920 -06

Missouri 37190 35740 -39

Wyoming 29840 28500 -45

Louisiana 40500 37930 -63

Georgia 36000 33380 -73

Tennessee 47540 43700 -81

Illinois 35070 31800 -93

Delaware 41470 NA NA

Idaho NA 41380 NA

South Dakota NA 27520 NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Tennessee $43700 $32730

West Virginia 40530 30470

Florida 43120 33750

Idaho 41380 32770

Kentucky 40480 32170

Mississippi 36330 28630

Alabama 39240 31940

South Carolina 38820 31940

Texas 42100 35310

Louisiana 37930 31230

Oklahoma 37790 31150

North Carolina 40480 34120

Utah 39840 34110

Arkansas 34940 29560

Indiana 38720 33820

Kansas 37950 33780

California 45730 41980

Ohio 39530 35910

Maine 36710 33480

Pennsylvania 38010 35970

Oregon 38880 36980

Rhode Island 40010 38240

New Mexico 34620 33000

Missouri 35740 34460

Iowa 33210 31990

Montana 30840 29880

Arizona 35820 34880

Virginia 39710 39130

New Hampshire 37890 37450

Nebraska 33010 33060

Michigan 39480 39590

Wisconsin 34650 35240

Hawaii 36090 36750

Maryland 40660 41360

Vermont 33340 34650

Nevada 32880 34300

South Dakota 27520 29080

North Dakota 28920 30620

Washington 38910 40860

Connecticut 42170 44400

Georgia 33380 35840

New Jersey 39560 43040

Colorado 36030 39820

Wyoming 28500 32510

Minnesota 33940 39840

Illinois 31800 38580

New York 36660 43590

Massachusetts 38070 45290

District of Columbia 35720 57980

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218 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Arizona $15840 $54180 2420

New Mexico 19650 61770 2144

California 22330 67660 2030

Arkansas 17920 53790 2002

Oklahoma 19050 56710 1977

Illinois 15950 47280 1964

Georgia 17300 50150 1899

Montana 16560 41520 1507

Texas 24540 58210 1372

North Carolina 24320 55500 1282

Wyoming 18660 41980 1250

Idaho 27350 59390 1171

Nevada 21330 45470 1132

Indiana 24790 52830 1131

New York 24650 51460 1088

Missouri 23470 47480 1023

Louisiana 23890 48210 1018

Pennsylvania 26260 51660 967

Maryland 29020 56640 952

Iowa 22960 44670 946

Tennessee 30240 58830 945

Connecticut 28100 54450 938

Virginia 28780 54970 910

Mississippi 24270 46080 899

Nebraska 23390 43990 881

Michigan 28880 53830 864

New Jersey 28670 52700 838

Massachusetts 27410 50230 833

Kentucky 29970 53770 794

Kansas 27880 49960 792

District of Columbia 26750 47890 790

West Virginia 30420 54060 777

New Hampshire 27760 48680 754

Ohio 30010 51870 728

Minnesota 25380 43500 714

Maine 28150 48040 707

Alabama 30280 51630 705

Florida 32660 54990 684

South Dakota 20640 34740 683

Utah 30490 50930 670

Colorado 26870 44620 661

Vermont 26150 42700 633

South Carolina 29210 47270 618

Wisconsin 27210 43730 607

North Dakota 23300 35570 527

Washington 30720 46420 511

Rhode Island 32030 47950 497

Hawaii 29780 43500 461

Oregon 31460 45510 447

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 219

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Illinois 342

Delaware 323

Wisconsin 316

Massachusetts 293

South Carolina 278

Connecticut 278

Tennessee 264

Ohio 262

Kentucky 254

Arizona 243

California 234

New Jersey 233

Nebraska 233

Pennsylvania 224

Iowa 223

South Dakota 218

Washington 218

Indiana 211

Kansas 210

Oklahoma 209

Louisiana 203

West Virginia 202

Texas 200

New Mexico 199

Michigan 182

Georgia 182

New York 177

New Hampshire 173

Hawaii 162

Alabama 154

Colorado 153

Florida 153

Arkansas 150

North Dakota 150

Maryland 147

District of Columbia 147

Virginia 145

Missouri 144

Utah 142

Mississippi 137

Minnesota 133

Nevada 129

Vermont 125

Wyoming 120

North Carolina 113

Idaho 109

Montana 80

Alaska 78

Maine 63

Rhode Island 25

Oregon NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 1000

West Virginia 875

Massachusetts 704

Louisiana 700

Indiana 675

Arkansas 667

Maine 667

Missouri 667

New York 667

Illinois 635

Connecticut 633

Rhode Island 625

Michigan 618

Alabama 600

Maryland 600

Pennsylvania 588

Virginia 588

Kansas 577

Ohio 573

Tennessee 545

South Carolina 525

Minnesota 522

Washington 520

Florida 511

Georgia 500

Idaho 500

Iowa 500

Montana 500

Nebraska 500

New Jersey 500

North Carolina 500

North Dakota 500

Oklahoma 500

South Dakota 500

Texas 500

Utah 500

Wisconsin 500

Kentucky 475

Mississippi 467

California 455

Colorado 455

New Hampshire 444

Delaware 385

Nevada 350

Arizona 348

Vermont 333

Hawaii 00

Alaska NA

New Mexico NA

Oregon NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Nevada 464

Colorado 420

Alaska 400

Arizona 336

Utah 333

Delaware 308

New Hampshire 244

Vermont 234

Idaho 226

California 220

Mississippi 214

North Carolina 213

Kentucky 206

New Jersey 200

Kansas 193

North Dakota 189

Washington 189

New Mexico 189

Texas 184

Nebraska 174

Alabama 174

Florida 173

Tennessee 170

South Carolina 167

Wisconsin 163

Georgia 161

South Dakota 157

Minnesota 155

Iowa 153

Montana 151

Ohio 137

Oklahoma 137

Virginia 132

Maryland 131

Pennsylvania 127

Missouri 122

Michigan 120

Arkansas 118

Connecticut 115

Rhode Island 111

Louisiana 110

Illinois 107

Massachusetts 106

Hawaii 100

Indiana 100

Maine 98

New York 86

West Virginia 41

Wyoming 00

District of Columbia 00

Oregon NA

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220 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Texas $16070 $21980 368

Idaho 17800 24320 366

Wyoming 17630 23200 316

Vermont 15210 19750 298

Illinois 19400 24300 253

District of Columbia 22660 28250 247

New Mexico 19550 23990 227

Arizona 19270 23430 216

Colorado 21260 25560 202

Utah 19110 22640 185

South Dakota 16350 19210 175

Missouri 18370 21470 169

Michigan 17080 19590 147

Connecticut 18520 21110 140

New Hampshire 16300 18530 137

Indiana 16610 18790 131

New Jersey 16820 18990 129

Montana 18680 20980 123

Maryland 17530 19600 118

Pennsylvania 15230 16970 114

Rhode Island 18220 20180 108

Kentucky 16650 18430 107

Georgia 16100 17800 106

Minnesota 19110 21130 106

Ohio 17080 18840 103

Maine 16440 18000 95

Louisiana 16070 17580 94

Arkansas 15560 16970 91

New York 19380 20870 77

Wisconsin 19540 20940 72

Nebraska 19290 20650 71

Nevada 22660 24120 64

Mississippi 16630 17690 64

Tennessee 18380 19530 63

Kansas 17150 18140 58

Oklahoma 16070 16770 44

Massachusetts 19500 20180 35

Alabama 14970 15400 29

Washington 21590 21990 19

Hawaii 19450 19700 13

Delaware 19050 19120 04

West Virginia 15100 14940 -11

Iowa 18280 18050 -13

Virginia 18370 17860 -28

California 23940 23050 -37

Florida 18600 17550 -56

North Dakota 18380 16730 -90

North Carolina 19550 17480 -106

South Carolina 17900 15740 -121

Alaska 23480 NA NA

Oregon 23820 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Idaho $24320 $32770

Montana 20980 29880

New Mexico 23990 33000

Wyoming 23200 32510

South Dakota 19210 29080

Nevada 24120 34300

Mississippi 17690 28630

Arizona 23430 34880

Utah 22640 34110

Nebraska 20650 33060

Arkansas 16970 29560

Missouri 21470 34460

Tennessee 19530 32730

Texas 21980 35310

Louisiana 17580 31230

Kentucky 18430 32170

North Dakota 16730 30620

Iowa 18050 31990

Colorado 25560 39820

Illinois 24300 38580

Wisconsin 20940 35240

Oklahoma 16770 31150

Vermont 19750 34650

Indiana 18790 33820

Maine 18000 33480

West Virginia 14940 30470

Kansas 18140 33780

South Carolina 15740 31940

Florida 17550 33750

Alabama 15400 31940

North Carolina 17480 34120

Hawaii 19700 36750

Ohio 18840 35910

Georgia 17800 35840

Rhode Island 20180 38240

Minnesota 21130 39840

Washington 21990 40860

California 23050 41980

New Hampshire 18530 37450

Pennsylvania 16970 35970

Delaware 19120 39050

Michigan 19590 39590

Virginia 17860 39130

Maryland 19600 41360

New York 20870 43590

Connecticut 21110 44400

New Jersey 18990 43040

Massachusetts 20180 45290

District of Columbia 28250 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 221

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

District of Columbia $13710 $46780 2412

New Mexico 13350 40290 2018

New York 12650 33250 1628

Missouri 12930 33560 1596

Iowa 11860 28020 1363

Maryland 13420 31160 1322

New Jersey 12280 28210 1297

Wisconsin 13350 29390 1201

Texas 14430 31680 1195

Pennsylvania 11870 25750 1169

Illinois 15440 33490 1169

Wyoming 15450 32840 1126

Utah 15660 33140 1116

Michigan 14030 28440 1027

Arizona 15380 30940 1012

Delaware 13800 27620 1001

Florida 12400 24580 982

Rhode Island 14980 29630 978

Tennessee 14050 27660 969

Ohio 13260 26060 965

California 16420 31940 945

Hawaii 13990 26960 927

Oklahoma 12070 23140 917

Connecticut 15680 29330 871

West Virginia 11440 21390 870

Alabama 11570 21460 855

Massachusetts 14970 27600 844

Colorado 18600 34190 838

Nevada 18150 33240 831

Nebraska 15050 27380 819

North Carolina 12720 23110 817

Montana 15510 27940 801

Minnesota 15450 27790 799

Idaho 18370 32940 793

Mississippi 13300 23660 779

Maine 14160 24840 754

South Carolina 12000 20930 744

Kansas 14370 24610 713

Arkansas 13410 22260 660

Washington 16890 27980 657

Indiana 14700 23820 620

Georgia 14280 22880 602

Vermont 15610 24950 598

Virginia 14200 22450 581

Kentucky 14550 22960 578

New Hampshire 14820 23070 557

Louisiana 14190 21990 550

North Dakota 14220 21000 477

South Dakota 15580 22700 457

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222 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

North Dakota 303

Arizona 274

Rhode Island 222

Kansas 199

Oklahoma 198

West Virginia 191

Nevada 189

Connecticut 173

New Mexico 172

New Jersey 163

South Dakota 163

Washington 162

Nebraska 155

Maryland 153

Iowa 152

Wisconsin 151

Idaho 150

Delaware 149

Hawaii 146

Texas 143

Arkansas 142

Kentucky 140

Pennsylvania 138

Indiana 135

New York 135

Virginia 126

Louisiana 123

California 120

Colorado 116

Massachusetts 115

Missouri 114

Michigan 109

Illinois 108

Maine 104

Alabama 98

Montana 97

Mississippi 97

Tennessee 95

Ohio 95

Oregon 94

North Carolina 89

Florida 89

Georgia 88

Minnesota 85

New Hampshire 76

District of Columbia 62

Alaska 55

Utah 30

South Carolina NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 1000

Rhode Island 800

Oregon 550

Washington 500

Colorado 458

Nebraska 455

Massachusetts 440

New Hampshire 400

Pennsylvania 380

Indiana 375

North Dakota 375

Illinois 371

Connecticut 367

Michigan 353

Minnesota 350

Kansas 348

Georgia 340

Missouri 333

Montana 333

Tennessee 333

Ohio 316

West Virginia 316

Louisiana 300

Maine 286

New York 286

South Dakota 286

Maryland 280

Kentucky 278

Mississippi 278

Nevada 267

Oklahoma 267

Alabama 250

Delaware 250

Iowa 250

Texas 244

Arkansas 222

Florida 222

New Jersey 222

Virginia 217

California 212

Arizona 207

New Mexico 200

North Carolina 200

Wisconsin 200

Idaho 176

Utah 00

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

South Carolina NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Idaho 668

Arizona 647

California 619

Virginia 590

Utah 571

Kansas 556

Nevada 537

Arkansas 522

Colorado 500

Delaware 500

New Jersey 500

New Mexico 500

Texas 500

Alaska 486

Florida 473

Mississippi 473

Wisconsin 463

Kentucky 449

North Carolina 446

Hawaii 444

Georgia 440

Maryland 428

Montana 420

Tennessee 418

Maine 400

South Dakota 387

New York 384

Louisiana 382

Massachusetts 378

West Virginia 377

Alabama 364

Ohio 361

Iowa 337

New Hampshire 330

Oklahoma 319

Connecticut 317

Missouri 308

Michigan 303

Indiana 301

Minnesota 296

Pennsylvania 288

Illinois 287

North Dakota 271

Oregon 242

Nebraska 231

Washington 204

District of Columbia 57

Rhode Island 51

South Carolina NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 223

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Delaware $19290 $28020 453

Montana 17050 23710 391

Texas 18550 25800 391

Virginia 17810 22100 241

Illinois 21240 26020 225

Nevada 18900 22930 213

Minnesota 21760 26030 196

Colorado 20640 24420 183

West Virginia 17770 20760 168

Wisconsin 20180 23560 167

California 22500 26280 168

Arkansas 16140 18530 148

Nebraska 16900 19340 144

Oklahoma 17470 19950 142

Idaho 16800 19160 140

Wyoming 17070 19420 138

Maine 20210 22990 138

New Hampshire 22560 25520 131

Oregon 20220 22780 127

Vermont 21170 23700 120

Georgia 18050 20200 119

New Jersey 20460 22810 115

Washington 20860 23170 111

Michigan 22860 25310 107

Alabama 17210 18980 103

Louisiana 16300 17910 99

Kentucky 19620 21530 97

Arizona 19320 21080 91

Iowa 20070 21820 87

South Dakota 17910 19450 86

Connecticut 24230 26260 84

North Dakota 19350 20850 78

Utah 17860 19170 73

Pennsylvania 21090 22580 71

New York 23820 25470 69

Kansas 19290 20580 67

North Carolina 21150 22380 58

Maryland 20610 21460 41

Tennessee 19040 19750 37

Massachusetts 25510 26000 19

Mississippi 19120 19430 16

Missouri 20990 21100 05

New Mexico 21650 21740 04

Ohio 22720 22750 01

Florida 21280 20880 -19

Hawaii 25550 25070 -19

Indiana 24630 22150 -101

South Carolina 27140 20100 -259

Rhode Island 32620 21430 -343

Alaska 25310 NA NA

District of Columbia 22240 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Montana $23710 $29880

Mississippi 19430 28630

Texas 25800 35310

South Dakota 19450 29080

West Virginia 20760 30470

North Dakota 20850 30620

Iowa 21820 31990

Maine 22990 33480

Kentucky 21530 32170

Vermont 23700 34650

Delaware 28020 39050

Arkansas 18530 29560

Oklahoma 19950 31150

New Mexico 21740 33000

Nevada 22930 34300

Indiana 22150 33820

Wisconsin 23560 35240

Hawaii 25070 36750

North Carolina 22380 34120

South Carolina 20100 31940

New Hampshire 25520 37450

Illinois 26020 38580

Florida 20880 33750

Alabama 18980 31940

Tennessee 19750 32730

Wyoming 19420 32510

Ohio 22750 35910

Kansas 20580 33780

Louisiana 17910 31230

Missouri 21100 34460

Pennsylvania 22580 35970

Idaho 19160 32770

Nebraska 19340 33060

Minnesota 26030 39840

Arizona 21080 34880

Oregon 22780 36980

Michigan 25310 39590

Utah 19170 34110

Colorado 24420 39820

Georgia 20200 35840

California 26280 41980

Rhode Island 21430 38240

Virginia 22100 39130

Washington 23170 40860

Connecticut 26260 44400

New York 25470 43590

Massachusetts 26000 45290

Maryland 21460 41360

New Jersey 22810 43040

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224 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Texas $14530 $57490 2957

Illinois 15730 39350 1502

California 17030 41810 1455

Delaware 18890 41990 1223

Colorado 15300 33920 1217

Montana 15600 33410 1142

New Hampshire 16150 34540 1139

Arizona 13680 28350 1072

Mississippi 14420 29470 1044

Idaho 12990 26480 1038

Georgia 13650 27630 1024

Hawaii 17400 34670 993

Oklahoma 14730 29260 986

Kentucky 14250 28140 975

West Virginia 14780 29090 968

Nevada 16450 32150 954

New York 17770 34610 948

Maryland 15290 29690 942

Massachusetts 18790 36080 920

Missouri 15140 28980 914

Pennsylvania 15870 30160 900

Minnesota 18740 35490 894

Ohio 16090 29720 847

Wyoming 14290 26390 847

Michigan 18460 34010 842

Nebraska 14060 25840 838

New Mexico 15950 28930 814

Alabama 14380 26050 812

North Carolina 15780 28580 811

Maine 17850 32250 807

Connecticut 19240 34540 795

Louisiana 13340 23890 791

Rhode Island 15420 27590 789

New Jersey 16670 29820 789

Indiana 15910 28440 788

Florida 15380 27310 776

Kansas 15220 26860 765

Vermont 17450 30720 760

South Carolina 15190 26560 749

Washington 17090 29640 734

Virginia 16410 28380 729

Tennessee 14660 24970 703

Iowa 16390 27800 696

North Dakota 15870 26680 681

South Dakota 14940 25010 674

Wisconsin 17640 29170 654

Oregon 17540 28480 624

Utah 15120 24470 618

Arkansas 14420 22600 567

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 225

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 640

Idaho 635

Arkansas 610

Wyoming 600

Utah 583

Virginia 561

Nevada 544

California 538

New Mexico 526

Kansas 519

Maine 514

Mississippi 503

Colorado 500

Montana 485

Texas 485

North Carolina 477

Georgia 464

Florida 463

New Hampshire 453

Tennessee 435

Wisconsin 427

Maryland 419

West Virginia 406

Alaska 400

Louisiana 400

New Jersey 400

Kentucky 397

South Dakota 390

Delaware 389

Ohio 381

Vermont 381

Missouri 377

Hawaii 375

Minnesota 374

Iowa 371

Massachusetts 366

Alabama 360

Rhode Island 355

New York 346

Michigan 333

Illinois 333

Indiana 315

Nebraska 306

North Dakota 306

Pennsylvania 289

Oklahoma 275

Oregon 265

Connecticut 255

Washington 217

South Carolina 214

District of Columbia 143

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Tennessee 318

Ohio 313

South Dakota 263

Massachusetts 256

Arizona 252

South Carolina 251

West Virginia 244

Maine 244

Wisconsin 241

New Hampshire 241

Oklahoma 229

Missouri 229

Delaware 223

Kentucky 213

Iowa 211

Rhode Island 203

Alabama 199

Michigan 194

Pennsylvania 194

Illinois 193

Florida 193

Kansas 192

New York 184

Arkansas 184

North Carolina 182

Indiana 180

Washington 175

Virginia 169

Minnesota 168

Connecticut 159

Mississippi 157

Texas 152

Nevada 152

Colorado 151

Nebraska 148

Montana 147

Georgia 146

Oregon 139

Hawaii 130

Idaho 124

District of Columbia 124

Louisiana 123

New Jersey 117

North Dakota 114

California 111

Utah 103

New Mexico 102

Vermont 102

Wyoming 100

Maryland 96

Alaska 78

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Oregon 567

District of Columbia 500

Colorado 460

Oklahoma 450

South Carolina 450

Massachusetts 444

Washington 425

Pennsylvania 367

Kansas 357

Michigan 337

Illinois 336

Alabama 333

Nebraska 333

New Jersey 333

New York 333

North Dakota 333

Vermont 333

Ohio 306

Minnesota 304

Connecticut 300

Indiana 300

Kentucky 300

Missouri 300

North Carolina 300

Iowa 286

West Virginia 280

Georgia 275

Delaware 273

Rhode Island 273

South Dakota 273

Tennessee 273

Louisiana 267

New Hampshire 263

Nevada 261

Maryland 258

Mississippi 258

Texas 256

Florida 255

California 250

Wisconsin 250

Maine 238

Virginia 236

Idaho 231

Montana 222

Arizona 209

Arkansas 205

Utah 00

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

New Mexico NA

Wyoming NA

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226 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Louisiana $24770 $39540 596

Nebraska 26150 36640 401

Maryland 29800 41560 395

Idaho 27170 37190 369

Nevada 34190 42870 254

Kentucky 30330 37960 252

Vermont 28150 34910 240

Oklahoma 31650 39050 234

Iowa 26850 32860 224

West Virginia 27580 33300 207

Delaware 31880 38360 203

Indiana 33940 40490 193

Kansas 30670 36530 191

Illinois 32060 38150 190

Washington 32710 38580 179

Tennessee 33130 38770 170

Utah 29860 34920 169

Arizona 28400 32690 151

New Jersey 34950 40200 150

Massachusetts 35220 40490 150

Wisconsin 31850 36330 141

Arkansas 32590 37170 141

New Hampshire 34390 38910 131

Colorado 29930 33860 131

Pennsylvania 30340 34280 130

Rhode Island 34670 39030 126

South Dakota 23810 26760 124

Maine 33290 37220 118

Oregon 34920 38890 114

District of Columbia 32960 36690 113

Alaska 30770 33950 103

Alabama 35870 39300 96

Wyoming 30320 33010 89

Connecticut 33640 36520 86

Michigan 32120 34780 83

Texas 38300 41390 81

Mississippi 30410 32820 79

Florida 37410 39940 68

Virginia 36550 38910 65

North Carolina 37140 39480 63

California 40860 42960 51

Montana 29400 30810 48

North Dakota 24940 26090 46

New York 35800 37160 38

South Carolina 37330 38530 32

Ohio 37450 38290 22

Missouri 35000 35600 17

New Mexico 31540 32060 16

Minnesota 33620 33570 -01

Hawaii 33370 33030 -10

Georgia 38780 37740 -27

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Nevada $42870 $34300

Louisiana 39540 31230

Oklahoma 39050 31150

Arkansas 37170 29560

Alabama 39300 31940

Indiana 40490 33820

South Carolina 38530 31940

Florida 39940 33750

Texas 41390 35310

Tennessee 38770 32730

Kentucky 37960 32170

North Carolina 39480 34120

Idaho 37190 32770

Mississippi 32820 28630

Maine 37220 33480

Nebraska 36640 33060

West Virginia 33300 30470

Kansas 36530 33780

Ohio 38290 35910

Georgia 37740 35840

Oregon 38890 36980

New Hampshire 38910 37450

Missouri 35600 34460

Wisconsin 36330 35240

California 42960 41980

Montana 30810 29880

Iowa 32860 31990

Utah 34920 34110

Rhode Island 39030 38240

Wyoming 33010 32510

Vermont 34910 34650

Maryland 41560 41360

Virginia 38910 39130

Illinois 38150 38580

Delaware 38360 39050

New Mexico 32060 33000

Pennsylvania 34280 35970

Arizona 32690 34880

Washington 38580 40860

South Dakota 26760 29080

New Jersey 40200 43040

Hawaii 33030 36750

North Dakota 26090 30620

Massachusetts 40490 45290

Michigan 34780 39590

Colorado 33860 39820

Minnesota 33570 39840

New York 37160 43590

Connecticut 36520 44400

Alaska 33950 42170

District of Columbia 36690 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 227

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Mississippi $16630 $51450 2094

Louisiana 19800 55770 1817

Idaho 19550 54270 1776

California 21760 60020 1758

New Mexico 16950 45330 1674

West Virginia 17290 46080 1665

Texas 22580 57590 1550

Maryland 23050 57450 1492

Oklahoma 24020 59040 1458

Wyoming 18510 44120 1384

Virginia 22700 53530 1358

Connecticut 21780 51200 1351

Arizona 19460 45250 1325

Delaware 23130 53740 1323

Georgia 22790 52790 1316

North Dakota 15580 35650 1288

New York 23570 53390 1265

Illinois 24630 54250 1203

Nebraska 22770 50080 1199

Nevada 26080 56250 1157

Arkansas 24520 51590 1104

Kentucky 24910 51860 1082

Iowa 21240 44140 1078

Montana 19990 41340 1068

Florida 26170 53600 1048

South Carolina 25750 51980 1019

Michigan 22210 44510 1004

Missouri 23460 46690 990

Tennessee 26510 52730 989

New Jersey 26970 53390 980

Pennsylvania 23090 44850 942

Hawaii 22900 43610 904

Alabama 28970 52030 796

Alaska 24640 43880 781

Colorado 24510 43620 780

North Carolina 29210 51780 773

Minnesota 24640 43400 761

Kansas 26210 46130 760

Massachusetts 30240 53160 758

Utah 25250 44260 753

Indiana 30280 52440 732

Ohio 29280 50000 708

South Dakota 20720 34130 647

Washington 29710 48650 637

Wisconsin 27220 44550 637

District of Columbia 28800 46660 620

Vermont 27400 43480 587

New Hampshire 29840 47300 585

Oregon 29420 45500 547

Maine 29360 45360 545

Rhode Island 30150 45930 523

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ssistants

228 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

North Dakota 295

Connecticut 254

District of Columbia 253

Massachusetts 184

Nebraska 167

Minnesota 161

Mississippi 149

Kansas 147

Pennsylvania 147

Iowa 143

Maine 143

New York 138

Delaware 136

New Hampshire 135

Wisconsin 134

Montana 128

Utah 125

Illinois 120

Missouri 120

Louisiana 118

Oklahoma 109

Ohio 109

Vermont 104

Indiana 97

New Jersey 93

South Dakota 82

Maryland 79

West Virginia 78

Georgia 77

New Mexico 75

Idaho 75

Michigan 75

Arizona 72

Colorado 69

North Carolina 63

Arkansas 50

Kentucky 48

Oregon 48

Virginia 46

Alaska 44

Washington 43

Florida 41

Alabama 40

Tennessee 40

Texas 35

California 31

Hawaii NA

Nevada NA

Rhode Island NA

South Carolina NA

Wyoming NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Louisiana 1000

District of Columbia 1000

Michigan 1000

New Jersey 1000

North Dakota 1000

South Dakota 1000

Tennessee 1000

Massachusetts 968

Minnesota 950

Missouri 950

Ohio 938

Indiana 900

Virginia 889

Connecticut 867

New York 857

Georgia 850

Pennsylvania 833

Oklahoma 800

Maryland 786

Illinois 783

Nebraska 778

Kansas 769

California 750

Delaware 750

Texas 750

West Virginia 750

Kentucky 714

Oregon 700

Maine 667

Mississippi 667

New Hampshire 667

Vermont 667

Wisconsin 667

Florida 650

Arkansas 600

Montana 600

Washington 600

Alabama 500

North Carolina 500

Utah 500

Colorado 438

Arizona 409

Idaho 400

Iowa 00

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

Nevada NA

New Mexico NA

Rhode Island NA

South Carolina NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 312

Colorado 290

Utah 276

Idaho 218

New Mexico 214

Oregon 176

Alabama 167

Montana 162

Washington 154

Alaska 143

Arkansas 125

New Hampshire 116

Mississippi 110

Florida 101

North Carolina 96

Wisconsin 96

Maine 92

California 91

Oklahoma 79

Vermont 78

Kentucky 76

Kansas 75

Maryland 70

Illinois 67

Texas 67

South Dakota 65

Nebraska 56

Pennsylvania 50

Iowa 48

Connecticut 45

Georgia 45

Tennessee 43

New York 38

Indiana 33

Virginia 21

Ohio 16

Missouri 15

West Virginia 14

Massachusetts 08

Minnesota 05

Delaware 00

New Jersey 00

District of Columbia 00

Michigan 00

North Dakota 00

Louisiana 00

Hawaii NA

Nevada NA

Rhode Island NA

South Carolina NA

Wyoming NA

Ap

pend

ix B

Ta

ble

s |

Oth

er F

rontlin

e O

ccup

atio

nal R

ole

s | R

ecre

atio

nal T

hera

pists

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 229

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Wyoming $23000 $38410 670

New Hampshire 25630 37190 451

Vermont 31300 44910 435

Illinois 24070 32350 344

Colorado 25450 34160 342

Iowa 24020 31910 328

Louisiana 24540 32580 328

Texas 25040 32730 307

Maine 24510 31960 304

Kentucky 24940 31990 283

Arkansas 23400 29880 277

Montana 21900 27940 276

Indiana 23960 30330 266

California 34390 41850 217

Pennsylvania 28040 33900 209

Missouri 27050 32520 202

Florida 29750 35590 196

Wisconsin 26790 31920 191

Connecticut 34640 41210 190

Idaho 29940 35630 190

Minnesota 32640 38790 188

Hawaii 35750 42430 187

South Dakota 29370 34770 184

Nebraska 23000 27230 184

Maryland 31530 37280 182

New Jersey 32730 38580 179

Tennessee 27090 31810 174

Nevada 27610 32140 164

Ohio 30110 34820 156

Virginia 28040 32030 142

Michigan 31780 36110 136

Washington 38630 43820 134

New York 36660 41320 127

Delaware 29630 33260 123

Massachusetts 28920 32230 114

North Carolina 28850 31900 106

Utah 27250 30080 104

West Virginia 24460 26580 87

Alabama 27820 30240 87

Georgia 30310 32580 75

Arizona 28580 30260 59

Mississippi 25800 27230 55

Oregon 33070 34710 50

Kansas 28200 29380 42

Oklahoma 30080 30530 15

North Dakota 28210 28370 06

South Carolina 27570 26010 -57

Rhode Island 35540 33140 -68

New Mexico 32990 28540 -135

Alaska 36740 NA NA

District of Columbia NA 41830 NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Vermont $44910 $34650

Wyoming 38410 32510

South Dakota 34770 29080

Hawaii 42430 36750

Washington 43820 40860

Idaho 35630 32770

Florida 35590 33750

Louisiana 32580 31230

Arkansas 29880 29560

Iowa 31910 31990

California 41850 41980

Kentucky 31990 32170

New Hampshire 37190 37450

Oklahoma 30530 31150

Tennessee 31810 32730

Minnesota 38790 39840

Ohio 34820 35910

Mississippi 27230 28630

Maine 31960 33480

Alabama 30240 31940

Missouri 32520 34460

Montana 27940 29880

Pennsylvania 33900 35970

Nevada 32140 34300

North Carolina 31900 34120

North Dakota 28370 30620

New York 41320 43590

Oregon 34710 36980

Texas 32730 35310

Connecticut 41210 44400

Georgia 32580 35840

Wisconsin 31920 35240

Michigan 36110 39590

Indiana 30330 33820

West Virginia 26580 30470

Utah 30080 34110

Maryland 37280 41360

Kansas 29380 33780

New Jersey 38580 43040

New Mexico 28540 33000

Arizona 30260 34880

Rhode Island 33140 38240

Colorado 34160 39820

Delaware 33260 39050

Nebraska 27230 33060

South Carolina 26010 31940

Illinois 32350 38580

Virginia 32030 39130

Massachusetts 32230 45290

District of Columbia 41830 57980

Ap

pend

ix B

Ta

ble

s |

Oth

er F

rontlin

e O

ccup

atio

nal R

ole

s | R

ecre

atio

nal T

hera

pists

230 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Illinois $16200 $52670 2251

Montana 13510 43180 2196

Oklahoma 17070 49590 1905

Pennsylvania 19580 53350 1725

Texas 19350 52410 1709

Kansas 16530 44450 1689

New Mexico 16520 43520 1634

Iowa 19630 51640 1631

New Jersey 21190 55570 1622

Virginia 19120 49990 1615

California 22640 58820 1598

Arizona 16910 43760 1588

Colorado 20050 51370 1562

Oregon 20860 53000 1541

West Virginia 16040 40070 1498

Connecticut 26740 66300 1479

Michigan 21050 52090 1475

Rhode Island 20660 50960 1467

Idaho 20530 50500 1460

Maryland 22280 53780 1414

Nebraska 16330 39130 1396

District of Columbia 25240 60250 1387

North Dakota 16990 40460 1381

Wisconsin 19760 46880 1372

Indiana 19400 45900 1366

Massachusetts 20330 47370 1330

Florida 21620 50370 1330

Louisiana 20200 47050 1329

Arkansas 19300 44570 1309

Alabama 19300 43710 1265

Tennessee 20190 45670 1262

Utah 19090 42280 1215

South Carolina 17000 37600 1212

Missouri 20330 44060 1167

Washington 26780 57160 1134

South Dakota 24230 50830 1098

Vermont 30350 63210 1083

New York 27270 56320 1065

Minnesota 27620 53550 939

Georgia 23190 44760 930

Maine 22270 42870 925

Hawaii 30330 57670 901

Ohio 24760 46650 884

North Carolina 23060 43240 875

Nevada 23760 43340 824

Kentucky 23980 43730 824

Delaware 24160 43920 818

Wyoming 29010 52220 800

Mississippi 21070 35400 680

New Hampshire 29350 45390 547

Ap

pend

ix B

Ta

ble

s |

Oth

er F

rontlin

e O

ccup

atio

nal R

ole

s | R

ecre

atio

nal T

hera

pists

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 231

Total Growth

State Percentage

Maryland 550

Nevada 462

Arizona 451

Tennessee 439

Utah 430

New Hampshire 418

New Mexico 407

Minnesota 390

New Jersey 386

South Dakota 379

Maine 358

Wyoming 357

Indiana 343

Idaho 336

Wisconsin 331

Virginia 331

Georgia 328

Oklahoma 319

Alaska 314

Montana 312

North Carolina 291

Hawaii 290

Kentucky 260

Iowa 260

Rhode Island 258

Colorado 250

New York 248

Illinois 231

Pennsylvania 221

Florida 212

Vermont 210

Alabama 204

Oregon 202

Delaware 200

Texas 191

Connecticut 172

Washington 162

California 158

South Carolina 155

West Virginia 149

Missouri 132

Arkansas 130

Massachusetts 127

Nebraska 121

Kansas 108

Louisiana 107

District of Columbia 100

Mississippi 90

Michigan 86

Ohio 76

North Dakota 06

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

North Dakota 923

Ohio 750

District of Columbia 714

Michigan 714

Mississippi 714

Louisiana 700

Nebraska 667

Kansas 652

Missouri 646

Arkansas 636

Massachusetts 616

South Carolina 610

Wyoming 600

Washington 598

California 595

Connecticut 575

West Virginia 571

Texas 541

Vermont 529

Florida 526

Delaware 524

Alabama 500

Hawaii 500

Oregon 500

Pennsylvania 500

Illinois 498

New York 477

Kentucky 472

Iowa 471

Rhode Island 457

Alaska 450

Colorado 446

North Carolina 433

Montana 429

Oklahoma 418

Georgia 414

Virginia 411

Idaho 407

Indiana 400

Nevada 400

New Mexico 400

South Dakota 400

Utah 400

Wisconsin 400

Maine 386

New Jersey 372

Minnesota 372

New Hampshire 349

Arizona 333

Tennessee 308

Maryland 295

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Washington 1625

Connecticut 1142

District of Columbia 1128

Maine 925

Oklahoma 889

North Dakota 843

New Jersey 816

Kansas 781

Idaho 710

North Carolina 695

Massachusetts 686

Rhode Island 681

Maryland 674

Vermont 649

New Mexico 636

Delaware 620

Missouri 614

South Carolina 614

Iowa 610

Alaska 546

Virginia 538

New Hampshire 528

Wisconsin 517

Nebraska 492

Oregon 491

New York 481

Minnesota 476

Florida 415

Illinois 403

Indiana 398

Utah 341

Colorado 320

South Dakota 320

West Virginia 301

Montana 289

Wyoming 280

California 272

Ohio 252

Hawaii 251

Arizona 243

Mississippi 229

Arkansas 227

Pennsylvania 220

Alabama 219

Texas 205

Michigan 197

Louisiana 188

Kentucky 180

Tennessee 169

Georgia 143

Nevada 60

Ap

pend

ix B

Ta

ble

s |

Oth

er F

rontlin

e O

ccup

atio

nal R

ole

s | R

ehabilita

tion C

ounse

lors

232 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Hawaii $32290 $51550 596

New Mexico 17410 27370 572

Wisconsin 23120 34920 510

North Dakota 22940 34560 507

Delaware 24020 33340 388

Vermont 28810 39750 380

North Carolina 22940 30360 323

Minnesota 27260 35480 302

Colorado 25360 32930 299

Maryland 21430 27800 297

Montana 22960 29440 282

Massachusetts 27450 34450 255

Wyoming 23340 28530 222

Nebraska 24380 29700 218

Utah 25240 30680 216

Illinois 27430 32640 190

District of Columbia 33410 39670 187

Ohio 32090 37960 183

Georgia 29710 35070 180

New Jersey 23870 28080 176

Maine 22160 25960 171

California 29400 34320 167

Tennessee 21560 25150 167

Kansas 21320 24880 167

Virginia 26290 30300 153

Idaho 27490 31660 152

Oklahoma 17890 20410 141

New Hampshire 24320 27720 140

Alabama 26750 30500 140

Louisiana 27530 31250 135

Kentucky 27200 30850 134

Pennsylvania 25960 29270 128

Arkansas 30030 33820 126

Missouri 27210 30020 103

South Carolina 25870 28480 101

Iowa 25420 27700 90

Indiana 26150 28020 72

Alaska 31110 33280 70

South Dakota 31740 33920 69

Texas 28490 29840 47

Florida 27220 28270 39

Michigan 40300 41740 36

Arizona 27260 28180 34

Washington 31340 31630 09

West Virginia 29080 29310 08

Oregon 26080 25770 -12

Connecticut 35430 33880 -44

New York 30690 27590 -101

Nevada 31840 28550 -103

Rhode Island 39580 33590 -151

Mississippi 51360 33770 -342

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Hawaii $51550 $36750

Mississippi 33770 28630

Vermont 39750 34650

South Dakota 33920 29080

Arkansas 33820 29560

North Dakota 34560 30620

Michigan 41740 39590

Ohio 37960 35910

Louisiana 31250 31230

Wisconsin 34920 35240

Montana 29440 29880

Georgia 35070 35840

Idaho 31660 32770

West Virginia 29310 30470

Kentucky 30850 32170

Alabama 30500 31940

Nebraska 29700 33060

Utah 30680 34110

South Carolina 28480 31940

North Carolina 30360 34120

Wyoming 28530 32510

Iowa 27700 31990

Minnesota 35480 39840

Missouri 30020 34460

Rhode Island 33590 38240

Texas 29840 35310

Florida 28270 33750

New Mexico 27370 33000

Delaware 33340 39050

Nevada 28550 34300

Indiana 28020 33820

Illinois 32640 38580

Arizona 28180 34880

Pennsylvania 29270 35970

Colorado 32930 39820

Maine 25960 33480

Tennessee 25150 32730

California 34320 41980

Virginia 30300 39130

Alaska 33280 42170

Kansas 24880 33780

Washington 31630 40860

New Hampshire 27720 37450

Connecticut 33880 44400

Oklahoma 20410 31150

Massachusetts 34450 45290

Oregon 25770 36980

Maryland 27800 41360

New Jersey 28080 43040

New York 27590 43590

District of Columbia 39670 57980

Ap

pend

ix B

Ta

ble

s |

Oth

er F

rontlin

e O

ccup

atio

nal R

ole

s | R

ehabilita

tion C

ounse

lors

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 233

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Hawaii $24900 $92840 2729

Michigan 13550 50220 2706

Vermont 15660 49180 2140

District of Columbia 18890 59210 2134

Ohio 16280 48630 1987

Minnesota 19150 55180 1881

Georgia 19430 55900 1877

Wisconsin 19570 55600 1841

North Dakota 21750 60600 1786

Massachusetts 23410 64180 1742

California 18650 50750 1721

South Dakota 19990 53860 1694

Connecticut 16700 44810 1683

Arkansas 21090 56520 1680

Mississippi 18790 49530 1636

Rhode Island 17100 43770 1560

Delaware 20360 51750 1542

Alaska 16650 41860 1514

Colorado 17610 43850 1490

Illinois 22640 56010 1474

Idaho 19780 48870 1471

Washington 21600 53290 1467

Louisiana 15860 38830 1448

Kentucky 16510 40000 1423

Utah 18350 44300 1414

Alabama 17310 41780 1414

North Carolina 18800 45130 1401

Virginia 18030 43180 1395

Missouri 24510 58490 1386

Texas 18310 43420 1371

Nebraska 18300 43340 1368

Montana 15070 35640 1365

West Virginia 18990 44150 1325

Pennsylvania 18610 42650 1292

Nevada 18070 41020 1270

Wyoming 18520 41890 1262

South Carolina 19480 43880 1253

Florida 23400 52560 1246

Arizona 13500 29870 1213

New Jersey 19030 42000 1207

Indiana 23200 49840 1148

Maryland 20170 42920 1128

New Hampshire 19470 41060 1109

Iowa 20530 41800 1036

New York 19200 38650 1013

New Mexico 23390 46990 1009

Maine 24600 48950 990

Oregon 23650 44460 880

Tennessee 20130 37300 853

Kansas 30990 52620 698

Oklahoma 27620 43900 589

Ap

pend

ix B

Ta

ble

s |

Oth

er F

rontlin

e O

ccup

atio

nal R

ole

s | R

ehabilita

tion C

ounse

lors

234 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Appendix C

Bibliography

Adams P Brauer R Karas B Bresnahan T and Murphy H ldquoProfessional Certification Its Value to SHampE Practitioners and the Professionrdquo Professional Safety December 2004 httpwwwasseorg

Addiction Technology Transfer Center Network ldquoATTC Tackles Treatment Workforce Issuesrdquo ATTC Networker 4(3) Winter 2002

Alabama Department of Industrial Relations httpwww2dirstatealus

Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Development httpalmislaborstateakus

All Allied Health Schools Directory ldquoPhysical Therapy Assistantsrdquo httpallalliedhealthschoolscom Accessed April 4 2006

American Labor Market Information System State Projections httpwwwprojectionscentralcom

American Association of Medical Assistants httpwwwaama-intlorg

American Association of Medical Assistants ldquoWhy More Employers are Hiring CMArsquosrdquo httpwwwaama-intlorg Accessed April 3 2006

American Association for Respiratory Care ldquoRespiratory Therapist Human Resources Studymdash2005rdquo httpwwwaarcorg

American Dental Assistants Association ldquoAddressing a uniform national model for the dental assisting profession Position paper of the ADAADANB Alliance ldquo November 2005 httpwwwdentalassistantorg

American Health Information Management Association httpwwwahimaorg

American Health Information Management Association ldquoStatement on the Health Information Management Workforcerdquo July 2002 httpwwwahimaorg

American Medical Association Health Professions Career and Educational Directory 2005ndash2006 33rd Edition American Medical Association Press 2005

American Society for Clinical Pathology httpwwwascporg

American Society of Radiologic Technologists ldquoThe Personnel Crunch A Crisis in the Radio-logic Technology Workforcerdquo 2003 httpwwwasrtorgmediapdfshortage_overviewpdf Accessed April 27 2006

American Society of Radiologic Technologists ldquoMaking the Profession Stronger Annual Report to Members Fiscal Year 2004rdquo httpwwwasrtorgmediapdfAR05_spreadpdf Accessed April 25 2006

Annie E Casey Foundation ldquoWhorsquos Taking Care Advocasey Examines the Staffing Crisis in Children and Family Servicesrdquo Advocasey Documenting Programs That Work for Kids and Families 6(1) Spring 2004

Arizona Department of Economic SecuritymdashResearch Administration httpwwwworkforceazgov

Arkansas Department of Workforce Services httpwwwdiscoverarkansasnet

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profile of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 235

Arthur Anderson (1999 November) Pharmacy Activity Cost and Productivity Study November 1999

Association of Surgical Technologists ldquoAST Recommended Clinical Ladder for the Surgical Technologistrdquo httpwwwastorgContentThe20ProfessionInformationhtm Accessed March 25 2006

Bhattacharyya K Winch P Leban K and Tien M ldquoCommunity Health Worker Incentives and Disincentives How They Affect Motivation Retention and Sustainabilityrdquo Basic Support for Institutionalizing Child Survival Project (BASICS II) for the United States Agency for Interna-tional Development Arlington Virginia October 2001

Bureau of Labor Statistics US Department of Labor ldquoCurrent Population SurveymdashTable 11 Employed Persons by Detailed Occupation Sex Race and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicityrdquo January 2005

Bureau of Labor Statistics US Department of Labor Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004ndash2005

Bureau of Labor Statistics US Department of Labor ldquoOccupational Projections and Training Datamdash2003-2004rdquo Supplement to the Occupational Outlook Handbook 2003ndash2004

Bureau of Labor Statistics US Department of Labor ldquoOccupational Employment StatisticsmdashOccupational Employment and Wage Estimates ldquo November 2004 httpwwwblsgovoesoes_datahtm

California Association of Psychiatric Technicians ldquoPsychiatric Technicians in Other Statesrdquo 2004 httpwwwpsych-healthcomotherstshtm Accessed April 13 2006

California Department of Industrial Relations httpwwwlabormarketinfoeddcagov

Colorado Department of Labor and Employment httpwwwcoworkforcecomlmi

Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification (2006) httpwwwcrccertificationcom Accessed April 28 2006

Committee on Dietetic Registration ldquoCertifications and Licensurerdquo httpwwwcdrnetorg certificationslicensureindexhtm Accessed May 1 2006

Connecticut Department of Labor Office of Research httpwwwctdolstatectuslmi indexhtm

Delaware Office of Occupational and Labor Market Information httpwwwdelawareworkscomoolmiwelcomeshtml

District of Columbia Department of Employment Services httpdoesdcgovdoescwpviewaspa=1233ampq=538345ampdoesNav=|32064|

Florida Agency for Workforce Innovation httpwwwlabormarketinfocom

Franks P Kocher N and Chapman S Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics in California San Francisco University of California San Francisco Center for Health Professions January 2004

Georgia Department of Labor httpwwwexplorerdolstategaus

Hawaii Department of Labor and Industrial Relations httpwwwhiwiorg

Idaho Department of Commerce and Labor Research and Analysis Bureau httplmi Idahogov

Ap

pend

ix C

Bib

liogra

phy

236 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profile of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Illinois Department of Employment Security httplmiidesstateilus

Indiana Department of Workforce Development httpwwwingovdwdinewslmiasp

Iowa Workforce Development Labor Market Information Bureau httpwwwiowaworkforceorglmiindexhtml

Kansas Department of Labor httplaborstatsdolksgovindexhtm

Kentucky Office of Employment and Training httpwwwworkforcekentuckykygov

Keane D Nielsen C and Dower C Community Health Workers and Promoters in California San Francisco University of California San Francisco Center for the Health Professions September 2004

Kimerling J ldquoBuilding a Culturally Competent Mental Health Workforcerdquo (unpublished report) The California Endowment 2002

Koele C ldquo Building the Lab Workforce of the Futurerdquo Medical Laboratory Observer May 2004

Kopiec K ldquoThe Work Experiences of Certified Nursing Assistants in New Hampshirerdquo Concord NH New Hampshire Community Loan Fund 2000

Leon J and Franco SJ Home and Community-Based Workforce Final Report Menlo Park CA Henry J Kaiser Foundation July 1998

Light PC The Health of the Human Services Workforce Washington DC Center for Public Service The Brookings Institution and Wagner School of Public Service New York University 2003

Lipson D and Carol R Health Insurance Coverage for Direct-Care Workers Riding Out the Storm Washington DC Institute for the Future of Aging Services 1(3) March 2004

Louisiana Department of Labor httpwwwldolstatelaushomepageasp

Mahan C and Malecki J ldquoConfronting the Impending Public Health Workforce Crisis in America Perspectives from Academia and Public Health Practicerdquo Florida Public Health Review 1 4ndash7 2004

Maine Department of Labor httpwwwmainegovlaborlmis

Maryland Department of Labor Licensing and Regulation Division of Workforce Development httpwwwdllrstatemduslmiindexhtm

Massachusetts Department of Workforce Development httpwwwdetmaorgdefaulthtm

McLellan A Carise D and Kleber H ldquoCan the National Addiction Treatment Infrastructure Support the Publicrsquos Demand for Quality Carerdquo Report by The Treatment Research Institute and the University of Pennsylvania Center for Studies of Addiction 2003

McRee T et al The Mental Health Workforce Whorsquos Meeting Californiarsquos Needs San Francisco The California Workforce Initiative at the University of California San Francisco Center for Health Professions February 2003

Medical Transcription Industry Alliance Medical Transcription Industry Alliance Newsletter (6)6 December 2003

Michigan Department of Labor and Economic Growth httpwwwmichlmiorgindexjsp

Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development httpwwwdeedstatemnuslmiHomehtm

Ap

pend

ix C

Bib

liogra

phy

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profile of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 237

Mississippi Department of Employment Security httpmdesgovwpsportalnull

Missouri Department of Economic Development httpwwwmissourieconomyorgindexstm

Montana Department of Labor and Industry Research and Analysis Bureau httpwwwourfactsyourfutureorg

Mulvey K Hubbard S and Hiyashi S ldquoA National Study of the Substance Abuse Treatment Workforcerdquo Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 24(1) 51-57 January 2003

National Association of Social Workers httpwwwnasworg

National Association of Social Workers Assuring the Sufficiency of a Frontline Workforce A National Study of Licensed Social Workers Preliminary Report Washington DC National Association of Social Workers 2005

National Center for Health Workforce Analysis The Clinical Laboratory Workforce The Changing Picture of Supply Demand Education and practice US Department of Health and Human Services January 2005

National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certification ldquoWhy Become a CTRSrdquo 2004 httpwwwncrtcorg

National Rural Health Association ldquoRecruitment and Retention of a Quality Health Workforce in Rural Areas Issue Paperrdquo November 2005

Nebraska Department of Labor httpwwwdolstateneusnwdcentercfmPRICAT=4ampSUBCAT=4C

Nevada Department of Employment Training and Rehabilitation httpwww nevadaworkforcecom

New Hampshire Department of Employment Security httpwwwnhesstatenhuselmi indexhtml

New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development httpwwwnjgovlaborlra indexhtml

New Mexico Department of Labor httpwwwdolstatenmusdol_lmifhtml

New York Department of Labor httpwwwlaborstatenyusworkforceindustrydataindexasp

North Carolina Employment Security Commission httpwwwncesccomlmidefaultasp

North Dakota Job Service httpwwwjobsndcomdataindexhtml

Northwest Center for Public Health Practice Building Workforce Bridges Across Northwest States A Regional Analysis of Workforce Assessments From Six NW States School of Public Health and Community Medicine University of Washington January 2002

Ohio Office of Workforce Development httpwwwohioworkforceinformerorg

Oklahoma Employment Security Commission httpwwwoescstateokuslmi

Oregon Employment Department httpwwwqualityinfoorgolmisjOlmisZine

Pennsylvania Center for Workforce Information and Analysis httpwwwpaworkstatsstatepaus

Pharmacy Technician Certification Board 2005 httpwwwptcporgAboutstatisticsaspx Accessed April 27 2006

Ap

pend

ix C

Bib

liogra

phy

238 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profile of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Rhode Island Department of Labor and Training httpwwwdltrigovlmi

Seago J Spetz J Chapman S Dyer W and Grumbach K Supply Demand and use of Licensed Practical Nurses San Francisco Center for Health Workforce Studies University of San Francisco November 2004

Seavey D The Cost of Frontline Turnover in Long-Term Care Washington DC Better Jobs Better Care Institute for the Future of Aging Services October 2004

South Carolina Employment Security Commission httpwwwscesorglmi

South Dakota Department of Labor httpwwwsdjobsorglmic

Tache S and Chapman S Medical Assistants in California San Francisco University of California San Francisco Center for Health Professions 2004 Tennessee Department of Labor and Workforce Development httpsourcevirtuallmicomdefaultasp

Texas Workforce Commission httpwwwtracer2com

United States General Accounting Office ldquoNursing Workforce Recruitment and Retention of Nurses and Nurse Aides is a Growing Concernrdquo Statement of William J Scanlon May 17 2001

Utah Department of Workforce Services httpjobsutahgovopencmswi

Virginia Employment Commission httpvelmavirtuallmicom

Vermont Department of Labor httpwwwvtlmiinfo

Washington Employment Security Department httpwwwworkforceexplorercom

West Virginia Workforce httpwwwwvbeporgbeplmi

Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education Mental Health Program The behavioral workforce in Alaska A status report University of Alaska March 2004

Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development httpworknetwisconsingovworknet

Wyoming Department of Employment Research and Planning Division httpdoestatewy uslmi

Ap

pend

ix C

Bib

liogra

phy

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profile of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 239

Acknowledgments

Health Workforce Solutions LLC would like to thank the following people for their

contributions to this book

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Staff

Victor Capoccia PhD

Senior Program Offi cer

Sallie Petrucci George MPH

Program Offi cer

Maureen Cozine MPH

Communications Offi cer

Hope Woodhead

Production Director

Editing

Beth Brainard

Chartbook Design

DBA Design

PO Box 2316

Route One and College Road East

Princeton NJ 08543

wwwrwjforg

  • Front Cover
  • Contents
  • Introduction
  • Overview of Methodology
    • Defining the Frontline Health and Health Care Workers
    • Data Collection and Analysis
      • How to Use the Chartbook
        • Overview of the Frontline Workforce
        • Occupational Variation Across the Frontline Workforce
        • Occupational Profiles
        • Appendix Data Tables
        • Commonly Used Terms
          • Overview of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
            • Figure 1 Frontline Workforce Population Relative to Total Health and Health Care Workforce Population
            • Figure 2 Gender Distribution Across the Frontline Workforce
            • Figure 3 Racial Distribution Across the Frontline Workforce
            • Figure 4 Frontline Workforce Occupational Roles
            • Employment Outlook
              • Figure 5 Projected Employment for the Frontline Workforce Due to Growth (2002ndash2012)
              • Figure 6 Projected Employment for the Frontline Workforce Due to Growth + Replacement Need (2002ndash2012)
                • Regional Outlook
                  • Figure 7 Frontline Workforce Regional Distribution
                  • Figure 8 Frontline Workforce Regional Outlook Projected Growth (2002ndash2012) and Percent Job Openings Due to Replacement Need
                    • Wage Outlook
                      • Figure 9 Frontline Workforce Wage Earnings (2004)
                          • Occupational Variation Across the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
                            • Figure 10 Occupational Employment Projections (2002ndash2012)mdashGrowth Rate
                            • Figure 11 Occupational Employment Projections (2002ndash2012)mdashPercent of Job Openings Due to Replacement Need
                            • Figure 12 Occupational Wage Gains 2000ndash2004
                            • Figure 13 Occupational Wage Range 10thndash90th Percentile
                            • Figure 14 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Occupational Roles
                            • Figure 15 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Percent Wage Gain Across Occupations
                            • Figure 16 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Wage Earnings Range (10thndash90th percentile)
                            • Figure 17 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Education Training Levels
                            • Figure 18 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Percent of Minority Workers Within Occupations
                              • Occupational Profiles
                                • Allied Health Roles mdash Frontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles
                                  • Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians
                                    • Figure 19 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                    • Figure 20 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                    • Figure 21 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                      • Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics
                                        • Figure 22 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                        • Figure 23 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                        • Figure 24 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                          • Medical Assistants
                                            • Figure 25 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                            • Figure 26 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                            • Figure 27 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                              • Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians
                                                • Figure 28 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                • Figure 29 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                • Figure 30 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                  • Medical Records and Health Information Technicians
                                                    • Figure 31 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                    • Figure 32 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                    • Figure 33 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                      • Occupational Health and Safety Specialists
                                                        • Figure 34 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                        • Figure 35 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                        • Figure 36 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                          • Pharmacy Technicians
                                                            • Figure 37 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                            • Figure 38 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                            • Figure 39 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                              • Radiologic Technologists and Technicians
                                                                • Figure 40 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                • Figure 41 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due toReplacement Need
                                                                • Figure 42 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                  • Respiratory Therapy Technicians
                                                                    • Figure 43 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                    • Figure 44 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                    • Figure 45 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                      • Surgical Technologists
                                                                        • Figure 46 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                        • Figure 47 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                        • Figure 48 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                            • Community and Public Health Roles Frontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles
                                                                              • Health Educators
                                                                                • Figure 49 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                • Figure 50 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                • Figure 51 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                  • Medical and Public Health Social Workers
                                                                                    • Figure 52 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                    • Figure 53 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                    • Figure 54 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                      • Social and Human Service Assistants
                                                                                        • Figure 55 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                        • Figure 56 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                        • Figure 57 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                            • Long-term Care Roles Frontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles
                                                                                              • Home Health Aides
                                                                                                • Figure 58 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                • Figure 59 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                • Figure 60 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                  • Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants
                                                                                                    • Figure 61 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                    • Figure 62 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                    • Figure 63 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                      • Personal and Home Care Aides
                                                                                                        • Figure 64 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                        • Figure 65 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                        • Figure 66 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                            • Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles Frontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles
                                                                                                              • Mental Health Counselors
                                                                                                                • Figure 67 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                • Figure 68 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                • Figure 69 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                  • Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers
                                                                                                                    • Figure 70 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                    • Figure 71 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                    • Figure 72 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                      • Psychiatric Aides
                                                                                                                        • Figure 73 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                        • Figure 74 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                        • Figure 75 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                          • Psychiatric Technicians
                                                                                                                            • Figure 76 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                            • Figure 77 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                            • Figure 78 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                              • Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors
                                                                                                                                • Figure 79 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                • Figure 80 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                • Figure 81 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                    • Other Frontline Occupational Roles Frontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles
                                                                                                                                      • Child Family and School Social Workers
                                                                                                                                        • Figure 82 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                        • Figure 83 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                        • Figure 84 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                          • Dental Assistants
                                                                                                                                            • Figure 85 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                            • Figure 86 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                            • Figure 87 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                              • Dietetic Technicians
                                                                                                                                                • Figure 88 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                                • Figure 89 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                                • Figure 90 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                                  • Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses
                                                                                                                                                    • Figure 91 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                                    • Figure 92 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                                    • Figure 93 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                                      • Medical Transcriptionists
                                                                                                                                                        • Figure 94 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                                        • Figure 95 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                                        • Figure 96 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                                          • Occupational Therapist Assistants
                                                                                                                                                            • Figure 97 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                                            • Figure 98 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                                            • Figure 99 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                                              • Pharmacy Aides
                                                                                                                                                                • Figure 100 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                                                • Figure 101 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                                                • Figure 102 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                                                  • Physical Therapist Aides
                                                                                                                                                                    • Figure 103 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                                                    • Figure 104 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                                                    • Figure 105 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                                                      • Physical Therapist Assistants
                                                                                                                                                                        • Figure 106 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                                                        • Figure 107 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                                                        • Figure 108 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                                                          • Recreational Therapists
                                                                                                                                                                            • Figure 109 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                                                            • Figure 110 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                                                            • Figure 111 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                                                              • Rehabilitation Counselors
                                                                                                                                                                                • Figure 112 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                                                                • Figure 113 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                                                                • Figure 114 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Conclusion
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Implications for Further Policy and Research Efforts
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Appendix A Extended Methodology and Data Availability
                                                                                                                                                                                        • National Level Data Availability
                                                                                                                                                                                        • State Level Data Availability
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Appendix B Table mdash Occupational Profiles State by State Data
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Allied Health Roles
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Community and Public Health Roles
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Long-term Care Roles
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Other Frontline Occupational Roles
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Appendix C Bibliography

Contents

Introduction 1

Overview of Methodology 3

How to Use the Chartbook 5

Overview of the FrontlineHealth and Health Care Workforce 11

Occupational Variation Across theFrontline Health and Health Care Workforce17

Occupational Profi les 27

Conclusion 129

Appendix A Extended Methodology and Data Availability 133

Appendix B TablesmdashOccupational Profi les State by State Data 137

Appendix C Bibliography 235

The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation (RWJF) is dedicated to improving the health and health care of all Americans Historically the Foundationrsquos workforce initiatives have targeted primarily prominent and professionalized occupations such as physicians registered nurses and health care executives These professions are critical highly visible components of the United States health care system they provide vital contributions to the public their patients key constituents and the organizations they represent However a signifi cant number of public health and health care workersmdashreferred to here as the frontline workforcemdashalso deliver vital care and services but are often underrepresented in current research and outreach initiatives within the health and health care system This frontline workforce is a diverse group of professionals and paraprofessionals who provide a range of direct patient care and client services The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation believes this fast-growing segment of the health and health care workforce a group that plays a critical role in ensuring delivery of high-quality care and services warrants further research and outreach

This frontline workforce is growing rapidly collectively it is growing faster (326) than the growth rate of all health and health care occupations (283) and signifi cantly faster than the growth rate for all occupations (148) in the United States workforce (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment Statistics 2003) Although we know the frontline workforce will continue to play a critically important role within public health and the health care delivery system little has been known about who these workers are and what employment issues and needs they face This chartbook attempts to fi ll this research gap by providing information about frontline occupations on both national and state levels Frontline workers are diverse in terms of the patient care services they provide the settings in which they work and their particular employment outlook but they do share some common characteristics

bull Frontline workersrsquo wage earnings are generally lower than in other health care occupations most earn annual wages of $40000 or less

bull Most frontline occupations require educational training at a bachelorrsquos degree or below or simply on-the-job training

bull Workers often do not have clear career ladders or mechanisms to enhance their occupational role

In total the frontline workforce occupations selected for this chartbook represent more than 6 million workers employed in 2002 (based on data reported by the Bureau of Labor Statistics) which represents just over half of the total health and health care workforce Not all occupations document comprehensive demographic information however existing data do indicate that 80 percent of frontline workers in the occupations included in this study are female and 32 percent are African American or Hispanic These demographics are in sharp contrast with many other health professions in which workers are predominantly white and male

Introduction

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 1

Although some frontline occupations have voluntary member associations connections with accrediting bodies or related organizational affi liations no comprehensive resource has provided consistent data on the occupational outlook for this workforce This chartbook offers a synthesis of the core data available across these occupations including occupational growth outlook per capita employment demographic information and wage outlook and trends These data will serve as a resource for workforce policy-makers and analysts occupational associations employers foundations and researchers by profi ling the frontline workforce as a whole the variability across frontline occupations and the employment outlook for each occupation as it varies across states

The frontline workforce will become an increasingly important part of the United States health and health care system as the population ages Changes in disease advances in technology and increases in consumer demand and costs will affect the entire health care system but many frontline employers and workers will have fewer resources available to respond to those challenges As our nationrsquos health care needs increase it is essential to the nationrsquos health that policies be developed to ensure that a sustainable frontline workforce is available to deliver the highest quality of care and services

Intro

ductio

n

2 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

This chartbook provides comprehensive employment data on frontline health and health care workforce occupations The data offer a profi le of the frontline workforce at the national level as well as a more nuanced description of the ways in which the frontline occupational outlook varies across states and regions The researchers gathered the core occupational data presented here from federal sources such as the Bureau of Labor Statistics and from state sources such as state labor market information databases

Defi ning the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Thirty-two occupational categories comprise the frontline health and health care workforce profi led in this chartbook1 These occupational categories are defi ned by the Bureau of Labor Statistics 2000 Standard Occupational Classifi cation (SOC) which the researchers used to obtain the most standardized and consistent data available for this workforce To delineate which occupations make up the frontline workforce the researchers targeted occupations with the following general characteristics

bull a high level of direct patient care or care delivery support services

bull median annual wages of approximately $40000 or less and

bull required educational training of a bachelorrsquos degree or below

Collectively the frontline workforce refl ects these general characteristics However as discussed in more detail in the Appendix a few occupational categories that do not precisely fi t these criteria are included in the frontline workforce because they generally represent the health and health care occupations warranting further research and attention

Data Collection and Analysis

The researchers used both federal and state resources to gather core occupational data Because state labor market information resources use the federal Bureau of Labor Statistics Standard Occupational Classifi cation parallel gathering processes produced consistent and comparable state and national occupational data Core data on this workforce include2

bull 2002ndash2012 national and state employment and projections

mdash growth rate

mdash percentage of annual job openings due to replacement needs and

mdash per capita occupational employment

Overview of Methodology

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 3

1 An extensive discussion of the process of defi ning this workforce can be found in the Extended Methodology section in the Appendix

2 For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

bull 2004 national and state wage outlook and trends

mdash average occupational wage

mdash percentile range of wage earnings and

mdash national and state wage gain trends

bull demographics (national data) and

bull educational training levels (national data)

The core data were analyzed organized and presented to provide (1) a view of the frontline workforce as a whole (2) occupational variations across the workforce and (3) in-depth occupational profi les that illuminate state variations in key information such as per capita employment occupational growth rates reported wage gains and other occupational trends In addition to the core data in the main portion of the chartbook a complete set of data tables are included in the Appendix which provides occupational data specifi c to each state

Ove

rview

of M

eth

odolo

gy

4 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Physical Therapist Assistants

Physical Therapist Aides

Occupational Therapist Assistants

Dental Assistants

Personal and Home Care Aides

Respiratory Therapy Technicians

Cardiovascular Technologists and Techicians

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Rehabilitation Counselors

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Medical and Public Health Social Workers

Pharmacy Technicians

Surgical Technologists

Mental Health Counselors

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Child Family and School Social Workers

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

Medical Transcriptionists

Dietetic Technicians

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Health Educators

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Pharmacy Aides

Psychiatric Aides

All Frontline Occupations

Medical Assistants

Social and Human Services Assistants

Home Health Aides

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

Recreational Therapists

Psychiatric Technicians

326

586

489

481

146

74

50

469

460

459

444

425

400

400

349

347

344

330

290

284

278

259

249

239

234

230

228

207

202

200

197

183

153

Growth Rate (in percent)

How to Use the Chartbook

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 5

Overview of the Frontline Workforce(page 11 to 15)

This section of the chartbook provides overview data on the total frontline workforce The data presented are aggregated across all 32 occupations to present a view of the employment and wage outlook for the frontline workforce as a whole Data presented include

bull Frontline workforce population relative to the total health and health care workforce

bull Employment projections

bull Regional distribution and outlook

bull Gender and racial distribution

bull Wage earningsMales

Females

21

79

Total health and health care workforce12080000

Frontline workforce6476000

Data ranked high to low

Top 3 entries are

Bottom 3 entries are

Occupational Variation Across the Frontline Workforce(page 17 to 26)

This section of the book provides data focusing on the variation across the 32 occupations Figures 10 and 11 in this section show the employment and wage outlook across these occupations ordered from high to low

MEAN ANNUAL

Nursing Aides Orderlies and AttendantsHome Health Aides

Personal and Home Care Aides

Occupational Health and Safety SpecialistsRadiologic Technologists and Technicians

Cardiovascular Technologists and TechniciansRespiratory Therapy Technicians

Surgical TechnologistsMedical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Medical Records and Health Information TechniciansEmergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Medical AssistantsPharmacy Technicians

Health EducatorsMedical and Public Health Social Workers

Social and Human Service Assistants

Mental Health CounselorsMental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder CounselorsPsychiatric Technicians

Psychiatric Aides

Occupational Therapist AssistantsChild Family and School Social Workers

Physical Therapist AssistantsLicensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Recreational TherapistsRehabilitation Counselors

Dental AssistantsMedical Transcriptionists

Dietetic TechniciansPhysical Therapist Aides

Pharmacy Aides

$21890

$19200

$17560

$54410

$45900

$40770

$37840

$35560

$32820

$28160

$27940

$25860

$25150

$43150

$42250

$26300

$36630

$36620

$35170

$28710

$23770

$38550

$38280

$38050

$35580

$34780

$30820

$29570

$29530

$25390

$23270

$20270

Long-term Care Roles

Allied Health Roles

Community and Public Health Roles

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles

All Other Frontline Roles

lt$25900$26000ndash 30900

$31000ndash 40900

$41000ndash 50000+

OCCUPATIONAL ROLES

How

to U

se th

e C

hartb

ook

6 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Wage ranges

Summary occupational employment information

Supplemental data points

Per capita distribution by quartiles

Frontline occupational data point groupings

Occupational Profi les(page 27 to 128)

This third section provides occupational profi les for each of the 32 occupations in the frontline workforce

Page 1

The top of this page provides summary employment information for the occupation followed by a few additional data points The map of the United States on the bottom portion of the page presents the per capita distribution for this occupation across the country The per capita population is presented in quartiles with the legend showing the distribution for each quartile by color and the states shaded by the corresponding quartile color

A complete listing of each statersquos per capita distribution is located in the Appendix tables corresponding with each occupation

The second set of charts Figures 12 through 18 present comparison data of the average annual occupational wage relative to several other data points occupational roles demographics and education level along with other wage data points such as wage gain and wage range The purpose is to show where certain data points correlate with higher or lower wages

For example if one wanted to look at the wages for

occupations requiring a bachelorrsquos degree compared with wages of occupations requiring an associate degree the comparison is displayed on this chart

Allied Health Roles

Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Additional Findings

bull Cardiovascular technologists can deliver their services to patients in any medical setting that provides the necessary supervision of a doctor of medicine or osteopathy (American Medical Association 2005)

bull A vast majority of cardiovascular technologists and technicians work in medical and surgical hospitals while others work in offices of physicians and federal government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 43000 2265 Average Annual Openings2012 58000

35 Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 642 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 358 Replacements

Figure 19 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

1914ndash37901545ndash18941192ndash1505499ndash1178Data not available

(Median = 1545)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

NH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

VT

WY

How

to U

se th

e C

hartb

ook

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 7

States with the highest and lowest replacement needs

2004 mean annual wage for all occupa-tions in given state

High

ArizonaUtahKansasNevadaArkansas

400

400

393

360

345

Low

South CarolinaLouisianaDistrict of ColumbiaMichiganNorth Dakota

89

85

82

76

48

Growth Rate

High

North DakotaWest VirginiaMichiganLouisianaDistrict of Columbia

857

800

771

750

739

Low

WisconsinCaliforniaArizonaKansasUtah

400

373

361

353

333

Replacement Need (in percent)

NV

UT

AZ

KS

ND

AR

LA

MI

DC

SC

CA UT

AZ

KS

ND

WI

LA

MI

DC

SC

States with the highest and lowest

growth rate

Wage gain percent in the given state

2004 mean annual occupational wage

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

$38

880

$42

630

$31

740

$39

160

$47

450

$37

450

$34

880

$31

150

$34

300

$43

040

775 584 525 509 399

New Hampshire Arizona Oklahoma Nevada New Jersey

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

$34

110

$39

050

$34

650

$35

240

$36

750

Utah Delaware Vermont Wisconsin Hawaii

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

09 -52 -87 -138-26

$35

400

$32

910

$38

220

$37

930

$34

510

Page 3

This page presents the variation in wage outlook and average wage across states for the occupation The top chart highlights the fi ve states with the greatest wage gains from 2000ndash2004 and the chart below highlights the states with the lowest wage gains Additionally the average wage for the occupation in this state is presented next to the average wage for all occupations in that state

Here one can see the mean annual wage for the profi led occupation in the given state benchmarked next to the average wages across all occupations in that state providing insight into the economic context for the particular occupation in the given state

Page 2

This page presents data on the variation across states for the growth outlook and replacement needs for the occupation For both growth and replacement needs one can see the top and bottom fi ve states highlighted on the maps along with the corresponding percentage data on the left

Community and Public Health Roles

Health Educators

Additional Findings

bull The average age of the total public health workforce of which health educators are a key element is estimated at 47 indicating a looming retirement problem (Mahan and Malecki 2004)

bull The health educator occupational group is noted for persistent shortages and cited as a top priority within the public health infrastructure (Northwest Center for Public Health Practice University of Washington 2002)

bull Health educators work in a variety of settings including medical and surgical hospitals local government institutions individual and family services and state government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 45000 1759 Average Annual Openings2012 54000

20 Health Educators Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 554 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 446 Replacements

Figure 49 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

2048ndash66941482ndash20111041ndash14211414ndash1019Data not available

(Median = 1482)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

WY

SDNH

VT

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 669

Vermont 462

Delaware 347

Hawaii 332

Oregon 315

Alaska 296

Georgia 290

Maine 276

Minnesota 262

Massachusetts 245

New Jersey 210

New Mexico 205

Rhode Island 201

Washington 199

Maryland 194

Colorado 180

New York 178

Oklahoma 169

Nebraska 166

Missouri 165

North Carolina 161

California 157

Mississippi 154

Florida 149

New Hampshire 148

Kentucky 142

Ohio 135

Indiana 127

Texas 127

Michigan 123

Wisconsin 123

Utah 121

Pennsylvania 114

West Virginia 111

Kansas 107

Montana 104

Connecticut 104

Tennessee 102

Virginia 101

Nevada 92

Arizona 88

Iowa 83

South Dakota 83

Louisiana 83

Alabama 80

Idaho 74

Arkansas 73

Illinois 73

South Carolina 41

North Dakota NA

Wyoming NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 875

Michigan 667

Rhode Island 667

West Virginia 667

New York 600

Arkansas 571

Illinois 571

Maryland 559

Washington 540

Indiana 533

Alaska 500

California 500

Delaware 500

Hawaii 500

Idaho 500

Iowa 500

Missouri 500

Montana 500

New Mexico 500

Ohio 500

Tennessee 500

Utah 500

Vermont 500

Wisconsin 500

Georgia 489

Pennsylvania 472

Mississippi 471

Colorado 460

Nebraska 455

Massachusetts 451

Virginia 448

Maine 429

New Jersey 429

Kentucky 400

Louisiana 400

Texas 400

Minnesota 397

Florida 383

Arizona 375

Kansas 375

New Hampshire 375

Oklahoma 350

Oregon 350

Alabama 333

North Carolina 333

South Dakota 333

Connecticut 300

Nevada 100

North Dakota NA

South Carolina NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Utah 464

Nevada 450

Colorado 333

Arizona 315

Florida 298

South Dakota 286

New Hampshire 275

Texas 273

Minnesota 264

Alaska 263

New Mexico 263

Kentucky 256

Hawaii 244

Montana 242

Maine 235

Oregon 234

North Carolina 231

Missouri 223

Alabama 222

New Jersey 222

Virginia 221

Delaware 214

Idaho 212

Oklahoma 203

Mississippi 201

Pennsylvania 199

Washington 198

Connecticut 194

Arkansas 192

Nebraska 192

Georgia 185

California 182

Indiana 179

Wisconsin 179

Vermont 179

Massachusetts 178

Ohio 175

Kansas 172

Louisiana 162

Tennessee 153

Iowa 143

Maryland 142

Illinois 131

West Virginia 115

New York 115

Rhode Island 112

Michigan 89

South Carolina 59

District of Columbia 24

North Dakota NA

Wyoming NA

How

to U

se th

e C

hartb

ook

8 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Corresponding data for every state can be found in Appendix B TablesmdashOccupational Profi les State by State Data

Appendix Data Tables(page 137 to 234)

The data tables in Appendix B provide a complete listing of the state-by-state data highlighted in the occupational profi les The data tables are organized by occupation and include state data for growth replacements and per capita and wage gains benchmarks and differentials Data for certain occupations were not available in all states and unavailable data are labeled as ldquonardquo

For example for a more detailed look at the specifi c per capita population of health educators in Texas one can turn to the corresponding per capita Appendix table for health educators which will show the per capita population for that state listed in order from highest to lowest per capita distribution

Commonly Used Terms

Several terms are repeatedly used throughout the chartbook The table below provides brief defi nitions for each term

TERM DEFINITION

Frontline workforce 32 unique occupational groups of health and health care workers as defi ned by the researchers Key characteristics include high level of direct careservice median annual wage under $40000 and required educational training of a bachelorrsquos degree or below For more detail on how the 32 groups were chosen please review the Extended Methodology section in the Appendix

Growth or growth rate Difference or percent change between 2002 and 2012 refl ecting expected growth in an occupation throughout the ten-year period

Replacements The need in job openings from workers that permanently leave an occupation (eg retirement health and family reasons switch careers etc)

Separations Synonym for replacements

Average annual openings Sum for each occupation of Growth plus the expected number of Replacement workers needed to fi ll those openings and then annualized

Short term on-the-job training Short demonstration or up to one month of on-the-job experience or instruction

Moderate term on-the-job training One to 12 months of combined on-the-job experience and instruction

Allied health roles Occupations that support aid and increase the effi ciency of the physician or dentist or primary clinical specialist

For more detail on specifi c calculations or methods please refer to the Extended Methodology section in the Appendix

How

to U

se th

e C

hartb

ook

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 9

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 11

Frontline workers represent a large and signifi cant segment of the total health and health care workforce There are approximately 12 million health and health care workers in the United States working in community and social service occupations health care practitioner and technical occupations and health care support occupations (Bureau of Labor Statistics 2003) These workers represent a range of roles in the delivery of health services and care they include physicians registered nurses substance abuse counselors medical assistants and X-ray technicians The frontline workforce as defi ned in this chartbook constitutes half of the total health and health care workforce with more than 6 million workers in frontline occupations1

Figure 1 Frontline Workforce Population Relative to Total Health and Health Care Workforce Population

The frontline workforce as a whole is predominantly female and approximately one-third of the workers are part of a racial minority

Figure 2 Gender Distribution Across the Frontline Workforce

Overview of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Males

Females

21

79

Total health and health care workforce12080000

Frontline workforce6476000

1 For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 3 Racial Distribution Across the Frontline Workforce

The frontline workforce consists of a diverse set of occupations within various health services and health care delivery roles

Figure 4 Frontline Workforce Occupational Roles

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles

Mental Health Counselors

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Psychiatric Aides

Psychiatric Technicians

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Child Family and School Social Workers

Dental Assistants

Dietetic Technicians

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Medical Transcriptionists

Occupational Therapist Assistants

Pharmacy Aides

Physical Therapist Aides

Physical Therapist Assistants

Recreational Therapists

Rehabilitation Counselors

Allied Health Roles

Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Medical Assistants

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

Pharmacy Technicians

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

Respiratory Therapy Technicians

Surgical Technologists

Community and Public Health Roles

Health Educators

Medical and Public Health Social Workers

Social and Human Services Assistants

Long-term Care Roles

Home Health Aides

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Personal and Home Care Aides

White

Asian

AfricanAmerican

HispanicLatino

6718

10

4

Ove

rview

of th

e F

rontlin

e H

ealth

and H

ealth

Care

Work

forc

e

12 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Employment Outlook

This frontline workforce is growing rapidly collectively it is growing faster (326) than the growth rate for all health and health care occupations (283) and signifi -cantly faster than the growth rate for all occupations (148) in the United States (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment Statistics 2003)

Figure 5 Projected Employment for the Frontline Workforce Due to Growth (2002ndash2012)

This projection refl ects only the increase in jobs needed due to occupational growth it does not include additional job openings due to replacement need which includes workers who retire leave the occupation or leave the employment workforce altogether For the frontline workforce 342 of the average annual projected job openings are due to replacement need This means an additional 1 million frontline workforce jobs will need to be fi lled by 2012

Figure 6 Projected Employment for the Frontline Workforce Due to Growth + Replacement Need (2002ndash2012)

2012Projected employment

8589000

2002Employment

6476000

Growth rate = 326

2012Projected employment (growth + replacements)

9686760

2002Employment

6476000

Growth rate = 496

Ove

rview

of th

e F

rontlin

e H

ealth

and H

ealth

Care

Work

forc

e

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 13

Regional Outlook

With the exception of the West there is little observable regional variation in growth rate or percentage of replacement need for the total frontline workforce across the four Census regions Variations in employment and wage outlook appear much more salient at the state level when comparing particular occupations as shown in the Occupational Profi les section

The overall regional distribution of the frontline workforce is fairly evenly distributed relative to the regional distribution of the population as a whole The Western region exhibits the most variation relative to the other regions with the frontline workforce there less representative of the regionrsquos population as a whole The total 2002 population distribution across regions is

West 26 of total United States population

South 35 of total United States population

Northeast 18 of total United States population

Midwest 21 of total United States population

Figure 7 Frontline Workforce Regional Distribution

Total workforce employment 6400000

West1140230

Northeast1439258

South2261969

Midwest1558525

178

353

224

243

Ove

rview

of th

e F

rontlin

e H

ealth

and H

ealth

Care

Work

forc

e

14 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 15

Wage Outlook

Workers in the frontline workforce generally earn less than $40000 per year the mean annual wage for the total frontline workforce is $32180 (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment Statistics Wage Estimates 2004) Looking at the percentile spread of wage earnings for frontline occupations from the 10th percentile to the 90th percentile there is some variability between the minimum and maximum wage earning potential The highest annual wage earning potential for this workforce as a whole is under $50000

Figure 9 Frontline Workforce Wage Earnings (2004)

260 259 311 341 397 394 354 358

Northeast Midwest South West Northeast Midwest South West

Figure 8 Frontline Workforce Regional Outlook Projected Growth (2002ndash2012) and Percent Job Openings Due to Replacement Need

Ove

rview

of th

e F

rontlin

e H

ealth

and H

ealth

Care

Work

forc

e

Percentile Differential

$20299

Median $30665

$46673

10th Percentile

90th Percentile

130

The following section highlights the employment and wage outlook for the frontline workforce by occupation and illuminates variations among frontline occupations There is signifi cant variation in growth and replacement need across occupations and there is also some observable variation in wage earnings The variations in growth and replacement need do not appear to relate directly to particular occupational roles In wage outlook however certain occupational roles tend to cluster at the top and the bottom of the wage-earning spectrum For example long-term care roles are among the lowest wage earners and experienced the smallest wage gain in the past four years Allied health roles (some not all) on the other hand are among the highest wage earners in this workforce and experienced some of the largest wage gains1

Although the data on educational training for frontline occupations are limited2 the researchers were able to categorize these occupations based on the following standard educational training levels

Short-term on-the-job training3

Moderate-term on-the-job training4

Postsecondary vocational award

Associate degree

Bachelorrsquos degree

Masterrsquos degree

(Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Projections and Training Data 2005)

In frontline workforce occupations higher education and training do not directly correlate with the highest wage earnings but workers with only on-the-job training are among the lowest wage earners in the workforce

The demographic data available for frontline occupations is also limited However by grouping occupations by their percentage of minority workers there are some patterns within occupational roles with a high percentage or a low percentage of minority workers For example long-term care roles have the highest percentage of minority workers and the lowest wage earnings and allied health roles (some not all) have the lowest number of minority workers and are among the highest wage earners

Occupational Variation Across the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 17

1 For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

2 Further discussion on data availability can be found in the Extended Methodology section in the Appendix

3 Defi ned as short demonstration or up to 1 month of on-the-job experience or instruction

4 Defi ned as 1 to 12 months of combined on-the-job experience and instruction

Occupatio

nal V

aria

tion

|

Em

plo

ym

ent G

row

th

18 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Physical Therapist Assistants

Physical Therapist Aides

Occupational Therapist Assistants

Dental Assistants

Personal and Home Care Aides

Respiratory Therapy Technicians

Cardiovascular Technologists and Techicians

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Rehabilitation Counselors

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Medical and Public Health Social Workers

Pharmacy Technicians

Surgical Technologists

Mental Health Counselors

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Child Family and School Social Workers

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

Medical Transcriptionists

Dietetic Technicians

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Health Educators

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Pharmacy Aides

Psychiatric Aides

All Frontline Occupations

Medical Assistants

Social and Human Services Assistants

Home Health Aides

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

Recreational Therapists

Psychiatric Technicians

326

586

489

481

146

74

50

469

460

459

444

425

400

400

349

347

344

330

290

284

278

259

249

239

234

230

228

207

202

200

197

183

153

Growth Rate (in percent)

Figure 10 Occupational Employment Projections (2002ndash2012)mdashGrowth Rate

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Occupatio

nal V

aria

tion

|

Rep

lacem

ent N

eed

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 19

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Pharmacy Aides

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Psychiatric Aides

Mental Health Counselors

Medical Transcriptionists

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

Health Educators

Child Family and School Social Workers

Rehabilitation Counselors

Dental Assistants

Dietetic Technicians

Medical and Public Health Social Workers

Cardiovascular Technologists and Techicians

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Surgical Technologists

Pharmacy Technicians

Personal and Home Care Aides

Respiratory Therapy Technicians

Physical Therapist Assistants

Social and Human Services Assistants

Physical Therapist Aides

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Occupational Therapist Assistants

All Frontline Occupations

Recreational Therapists

Psychiatric Technicians

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

Medical Assistants

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Home Health Aides

342

725

688

623

239

234

214

581

519

513

496

474

462

450

449

446

425

403

397

392

374

358

345

332

318

312

284

275

272

265

265

257

244

Replacement Need (in percent)

Figure 11 Occupational Employment Projections (2002ndash2012)mdashPercent of Job Openings Due to Replacement Need

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Occupatio

nal V

aria

tion

| W

ag

e G

ain

20 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Wage Gain

All Frontline Occupations

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

Mental Health Counselors

Surgical Technologists

Health Educators

Recreational Therapists

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Pharmacy Technicians

Medical and Public Health Social Workers

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Medical Transcriptionists

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Child Family and School Social Workers

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Rehabilitation Counselors

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Physical Therapist Aides

Dietetic Technicians

Physical Therapist Assistants

Dental Assistants

Occupational Therapist Assistants

Respiratory Therapy Technicians

Social and Human Service Assistants

Psychiatric Technicians

Personal and Home Care Aides

Medical Assistants

Pharmacy Aides

Home Health Aides

Psychiatric Aides

2000Mean annual

2004Mean annual

144

231

226

205

199

178

175

168

168

166

164

161

153

148

146

142

136

134

133

129

112

112

107

106

106

105

103

102

100

85

71

60

59

$28141

$37290

$44380

$30390

$29660

$36640

$29590

$30100

$30470

$34960

$21600

$36400

$24430

$25720

$19100

$33530

$32240

$27170

$28970

$24740

$20930

$22830

$34370

$26740

$34860

$34230

$23840

$26060

$15960

$23840

$18930

$18110

$22440

$32179

$45900

$54410

$36630

$35560

$43150

$34780

$35170

$35580

$40770

$25150

$42250

$28160

$29530

$21890

$38280

$36620

$30820

$32820

$27940

$23270

$25390

$38050

$29570

$38550

$37840

$26300

$28710

$17560

$25860

$20270

$19200

$23770

Figure 12 Occupational Wage Gains 2000ndash2004

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Percentile Differential

All Frontline Occupations

Health Educators

Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Mental Health Counselors

Rehabilitation Counselors

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

Recreational Therapists

Social and Human Service Assistants

Dietetic Technicians

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Child Family and School Social Workers

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Psychiatric Technicians

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Medical and Public Health Social Workers

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Physical Therapist Assistants

Occupational Therapist Assistants

Physical Therapist Aides

Psychiatric Aides

Dental Assistants

Pharmacy Aides

Pharmacy Technicians

Respiratory Therapy Technicians

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

Medical Transcriptionists

Surgical Technologists

Medical Assistants

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Home Health Aides

Personal and Home Care Aides

$20299

$23740

$22390

$16260

$21590

$18610

$31560

$20420

$15620

$14860

$21860

$23470

$21440

$18360

$18080

$25790

$20570

$24140

$24530

$15450

$15670

$19370

$13640

$16800

$25320

$30710

$20360

$24260

$18290

$15400

$24910

$13760

$12330

$46673

$68830

$61310

$43590

$56590

$48290

$81670

$52520

$40110

$37370

$54820

$58410

$51720

$44220

$42360

$60120

$47110

$52740

$53510

$33390

$33840

$41790

$29330

$34970

$52350

$62900

$40880

$47860

$35090

$29520

$47440

$26110

$22760

10th Percentile

90th Percentile

190

174

168

162

159

159

157

157

151

151

149

141

141

134

133

129

118

118

116

116

116

115

108

107

105

101

97

92

92

90

90

85

130

Occupatio

nal V

aria

tion

| W

ag

e R

ang

es

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 21

Figure 13 Occupational Wage Range 10thndash90th Percentile

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

MEAN ANNUAL

Nursing Aides Orderlies and AttendantsHome Health Aides

Personal and Home Care Aides

Occupational Health and Safety SpecialistsRadiologic Technologists and Technicians

Cardiovascular Technologists and TechniciansRespiratory Therapy Technicians

Surgical TechnologistsMedical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Medical Records and Health Information TechniciansEmergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Medical AssistantsPharmacy Technicians

Health EducatorsMedical and Public Health Social Workers

Social and Human Service Assistants

Mental Health CounselorsMental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder CounselorsPsychiatric Technicians

Psychiatric Aides

Occupational Therapist AssistantsChild Family and School Social Workers

Physical Therapist AssistantsLicensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Recreational TherapistsRehabilitation Counselors

Dental AssistantsMedical Transcriptionists

Dietetic TechniciansPhysical Therapist Aides

Pharmacy Aides

$21890

$19200

$17560

$54410

$45900

$40770

$37840

$35560

$32820

$28160

$27940

$25860

$25150

$43150

$42250

$26300

$36630

$36620

$35170

$28710

$23770

$38550

$38280

$38050

$35580

$34780

$30820

$29570

$29530

$25390

$23270

$20270

Long-term Care Roles

Allied Health Roles

Community and Public Health Roles

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles

All Other Frontline Roles

lt$25900$26000ndash 30900

$31000ndash 40900

$41000ndash 50000+

OCCUPATIONAL ROLES

Occupatio

nal V

aria

tion

| W

ag

e C

om

paris

ons

22 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 14 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Occupational Roles

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

MEAN ANNUAL

Radiologic Technologists and TechniciansOccupational Health and Safety Specialists

Mental Health Counselors

Surgical TechnologistsHealth Educators

Recreational TherapistsSubstance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational NursesCardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Pharmacy TechniciansMedical and Public Health Social Workers

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Medical TranscriptionistsNursing Aides Orderlies and AttendantsChild Family and School Social Workers

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social WorkersRehabilitation Counselors

Medical and Clinical Laboratory TechniciansEmergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Dietetic TechniciansPhysical Therapist Aides

Physical Therapist AssistantsOccupational Therapist Assistants

Dental AssistantsRespiratory Therapy Technicians

Social and Human Service AssistantsPsychiatric Technicians

Personal and Home Care Aides

Medical AssistantsPharmacy Aides

Home Health AidesPsychiatric Aides

$45900

$54410

$36630

$35560

$43150

$34780

$35170

$35580

$40770

$25150

$42250

$28160

$29530

$21890

$38280

$36620

$30820

$32820

$27940

$25390

$23270

$38050

$38550

$29570

$37840

$26300

$28710

$17560

$25860

$20270

$19200

$23770

20ndash25

15ndash20

10ndash15

5ndash10

lt$25900$26000- 30900

$31000- 40900

$41000- 50000+

PERCENT WAGE GAIN 2000ndash2004

Occupatio

nal V

aria

tion

| W

ag

e C

om

paris

ons

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 23

Figure 15 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Percent Wage Gain Across Occupations

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Occupatio

nal V

aria

tion

| W

ag

e C

om

paris

ons

24 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

MEAN ANNUAL

Health EducatorsCardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Emergency Medical Technicians and ParamedicsMental Health CounselorsRehabilitation Counselors

Occupational Health and Safety SpecialistsRecreational Therapists

Social and Human Service AssistantsDietetic Technicians

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Child Family and School Social WorkersSubstance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Psychiatric TechniciansMedical Records and Health Information Technicians

Medical and Public Health Social Workers

Medical and Clinical Laboratory TechniciansPhysical Therapist Assistants

Occupational Therapist AssistantsPhysical Therapist Aides

Psychiatric AidesDental AssistantsPharmacy Aides

Pharmacy TechniciansRespiratory Therapy Technicians

Radiologic Technologists and TechniciansMedical Transcriptionists

Surgical TechnologistsMedical Assistants

Nursing Aides Orderlies and AttendantsLicensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Home Health AidesPersonal and Home Care Aides

$43150

$40770

$27940

$36630

$30820

$54410

$34780

$26300

$25390

$36620

$38280

$35170

$28710

$28160

$42250

$32820

$38050

$38550

$23270

$23770

$29570

$20270

$25150

$37840

$45900

$29530

$35560

$25860

$21890

$35580

$19200

$17560

150ndash180

130ndash150

110ndash130

80ndash110

lt$25900$26000ndash 30900

$31000ndash 40900

$41000ndash 50000+

WAGE DIFFERENTIAL 10ndash90 PERCENTILE

Figure 16 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Wage Earnings Range (10thndash90th percentile)

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Occupatio

nal V

aria

tion

| W

ag

e C

om

paris

ons

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 25

Figure 17 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Education Training Levels

MEAN ANNUAL

Home Health AidesNursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Psychiatric AidesPhysical Therapist Aides

Pharmacy AidesPersonal and Home Care Aides

Social and Human Service AssistantsDietetic Technicians

Pharmacy TechniciansPsychiatric Technicians

Dental AssistantsMedical Assistants

Emergency Medical Technicians and ParamedicsRespiratory Therapy Technicians

Surgical TechnologistsLicensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Medical Transcriptionists

Medical and Clinical Laboratory TechniciansCardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Radiologic Technologists and TechniciansMedical Records and Health Information Technicians

Occupational Therapist AssistantsPhysical Therapist Assistants

Child Family and School Social WorkersMedical and Public Health Social Workers

Recreational TherapistsOccupational Health and Safety Specialists

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder CounselorsMental Health CounselorsRehabilitation Counselors

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social WorkersHealth Educators

$19200

$21890

$23770

$23270

$20270

$17560

$26300

$25390

$25150

$28710

$29570

$25860

$27940

$37840

$35560

$35580

$29530

$32820

$40770

$45900

$28160

$38550

$38050

$38280

$42250

$34780

$54410

$35170

$36630

$30820

$36620

$43150

Short-term On-the-job Training

Moderate-term On-the-job Training

Postsecondary Vocational Award

Associate Degree

Bachelorrsquos Degree

lt$25900$26000ndash 30900

$31000ndash 40900

$41000ndash 50000+

Masterrsquos Degree

EDUCATIONAL LEVEL

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

MEAN ANNUAL

Emergency Medical Technicians and ParamedicsCardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

Physical Therapist AidesPharmacy Technicians

Dietetic TechniciansPsychiatric Technicians

Dental AssistantsSurgical Technologists

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational NursesRespiratory Therapy Technicians

Physical Therapist Assistants

Social and Human Service AssistantsMedical Records and Health Information Technicians

Rehabilitation CounselorsMedical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder CounselorsMental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Mental Health CounselorsChild Family and School Social Workers

Medical and Public Health Social WorkersHealth Educators

Personal and Home Care AidesPharmacy Aides

Medical AssistantsMedical Transcriptionists

Home Health AidesNursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Psychiatric Aides

Recreational TherapistsOccupational Therapist Assistants

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

$27940

$40770

$45900

$23270

$25150

$25390

$28710

$29570

$35560

$35580

$37840

$38050

$26300

$28160

$30820

$32820

$35170

$36620

$36630

$38280

$42250

$43150

$17560

$20270

$25860

$29530

$19200

$21890

$23770

$34780

$38550

$54410

lt20

20ndash30

30ndash40

40ndash50

50ndash60

lt$25900$26000ndash 30900

$31000ndash 40900

$41000ndash 50000+

No demographic data available

PERCENTAGE NON-WHITE WORKERS (AFRICAN AMERICAN HISPANIC ASIAN)

Occupatio

nal V

aria

tion

| W

ag

e C

om

paris

ons

26 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 18 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Percent of Minority Workers Within Occupations

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Occupational Profi les

The following section provides in-depth occupational profi les for each of the 32 occupations in the frontline workforce In particular they show variations in per capita employment growth outlook and wage outlook across states for each occupation

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 27

Allied Health RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles28

Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians 29

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics 32

Medical Assistants 35

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians 38

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians 41

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists 44

Pharmacy Technicians 47

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians 50

Respiratory Therapy Technicians 53

Surgical Technologists 56

Community and Public Health RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles 59

Health Educators 60

Medical and Public Health Social Workers 63

Social and Human Services Assistants 66

Long-term Care RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles 69

Home Health Aides 70

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants 73

Personal and Home Care Aides 76

Mental Health and Substance Abuse RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles 79

Mental Health Counselors 80

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers 83

Psychiatric Aides 86

Psychiatric Technicians 89

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors 92

Other Frontline Occupational RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles 95

Child Family and School Social Workers 96

Dental Assistants 99

Dietetic Technicians 102

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses 105

Medical Transcriptionists 108

Occupational Therapist Assistants 111

Pharmacy Aides 114

Physical Therapist Aides 117

Physical Therapist Assistants 120

Recreational Therapists 123

Rehabilitation Counselors 126

Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Cardiac catheterization technologists

Cardiograph operators

Cardiographers

Cardiology technologists

Cardiopulmonary technologists

Cardiovascular technologists

Echocardiographers

Electrocardiograph operators

Pulmonary function technologists

Radiographers

Technicians EKG

Technicians cardiac monitor

Technicians cardiology

Technicians cardiopulmonary

Technicians cardiovascular

Technicians electrocardigraphic

Technicians holter scanning

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Ambulance driver-paramedics

EMT (emergency medical technicians)

Paramedics

Technicians EMT

Technicians emergency medical

Technicians medical emergency

Medical Assistants Assistants autopsy

Assistants chiropracticchiropractor

Assistants clinic

Assistants doctor other specifi ed or

ns less than associate degree

Assistants hospital clinic

Assistants medical

Assistants ophthalmic

Assistants optometric

Assistants orthopedic

Assistants physician other specifi ed or

ns less than associate degree

Assistants podiatric

Assistants podiatrist

Helpers doctor

Morgue attendants

Ocular care aides

Ophthalmic aides

Optometric aides

Orthopedic cast specialists

Physicianrsquos aides

Visual training aides

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Assistants laboratory ns

Blood typers

Histologic aides

Laboratory workers ns

Technicians ns

Technicians blood or blood bank

Technicians clinical laboratory

Technicians cytogenetic

Technicians hematology

Technicians hemodialysis

Technicians histologic

Technicians histopathology

Technicians laboratory ns

Technicians medical ns

Technicians medical laboratory

Technicians microbiology

Technicians pathological

Technicians serology

Technicians tissue

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Assistants medical record

Disability raters

Health information specialists

Historians

Library historians

Medical care evaluation specialists

Medical record clerks

Medical record consultants

Medical record specialists

Medical records ns

Severity of illness coordinators

Technicians health record

Technicians medical record

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

Adjustment examiners

Chiefs of safety and protection

Dental rating specialists

Environmental health sanitarians

Environmental health technologists

Environmental protection offi cers

Hazardous waste management

specialists

Health offi cers fi eld

Health sanitarians

Industrial hygienists

Industrial safety-and-health specialists

Inspectors ns

Inspectors environmental protection

Inspectors health

Inspectors industrial waste

Inspectors occupational safety and health

Inspectors quarantine

Inspectors rabies

Inspectors safety analysis or research

Inspectors safety work environment

Inspectors sanitarian

Inspectors sanitary

Inspectors sanitation

Inspectors tick

Inspectors water

Medical safety directors

Occupational health and safety

specialists

Public health service offi cers

Radiation protection specialists

Radiological health specialists

Sanitarians

Sanitation offi cers

Venereal disease investigators

Pharmacy Technicians Technicians pharmacist

Technicians pharmacy

Technicians pharmacy laboratory

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

CAT scanner operators

MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)

technologists

Radiologic technologists

Skiagraphers

Technicians MRI

(magnetic resonance imaging)

Technicians X ray

Technicians radiologic

Technicians radiological health

X ray operators

Respiratory Therapy TechniciansTechnicians oxygen equipment

Technicians oxygen therapy

Technicians respiratory therapy

Surgical Technologists

Surgical orderlies

Surgical technicians

Technicians operating room

Technicians scrub

Technicians surgical

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s

28 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Allied Health RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles

ns = not specifi ed

Allied Health Roles

Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 29

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Card

iovascula

r Technolo

gis

ts a

nd

Technic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 29

Additional Findings

bull Cardiovascular technologists can deliver their services to patients in any medical setting that provides the necessary supervision of a doctor of medicine or osteopathy (American Medical Association 2005)

bull A vast majority of cardiovascular technologists and technicians work in medical and surgical hospitals while others work in offi ces of physicians and federal government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 43000 2265 Average Annual Openings2012 58000

35 Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians

Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 642 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 358 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 19 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

1914ndash37901545ndash18941192ndash1505499ndash1178Data not available

(Median = 1545)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

NH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

VT

WY

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Card

iovascula

r Technolo

gis

ts a

nd

Technic

ians

30 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 20 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

MS

NC

NHWI

AZ

UT

WA

DC

PA

KY

High

IdahoNevadaArizonaColoradoUtah

598

583

572

566

519

Low

WashingtonAlabamaSouth CarolinaPennsylvaniaDistrict of Columbia

209

205

174

165

107

Growth Rate

High

District of ColumbiaPennsylvaniaWashingtonUtahKentucky

667

536

533

500

469

Low

North CarolinaMississippiNew HampshireWisconsinArizona

286

267

250

250

237

Replacement Need (in percent)

NV

ID

UTCO

AZ

AL

WA

PA

HI

HI

DC

SC

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Card

iovascula

r Technolo

gis

ts a

nd

Technic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 31

Figure 21 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

$42

710

$39

330

$42

430

$35

680

$33

720

$33

480

$31

940

$34

300

$33

820

$30

620

428 409 366 332 324

37 36

-13 -14

Maine Alabama Nevada Indiana North Dakota

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

$44

400

$31

150

$29

880

$32

170

$31

940

Connecticut Oklahoma Montana Kentucky South Carolina

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$43

570

$29

050

$38

640

$35

420

$39

450

-56

Allied Health Roles

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Em

erg

ency M

ed

ical Te

chnic

ians a

nd

Para

med

ics

32 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull A vast majority of employed workers in this category are non-Hispanic White (86) a recognized cultural competency issue for the profession given that the current demographic profi le of the US population identifi es over 32 of Americans as part of an ethnic minority (Committee on the Future of Emergency Care in the United States Health System 2006)

bull In rural areas training for EMTs and paramedics is increasingly offered through distance learning courses recent data show a three-fold increase between 2000 and 2004 of students taking an entire program using distance education resources (National Rural Health Association 2005)

bull Emergency medical technicians and paramedics work primarily in ambulatory health care services local government institutions and medical and surgical hospitals (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 179000 7987 Average Annual Openings2012 238000

33 Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics

Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 743 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 257 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 22 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

8066ndash123976536ndash80105120ndash64052253ndash5013

(Median = 6536)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Em

erg

ency M

ed

ical Te

chnic

ians a

nd

Para

med

ics

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 33

Figure 23 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

MN

AZNM

VA

VT

DC

OR

High

ArizonaColoradoNevadaNew MexicoUtah

1086

486

443

402

389

Low

MassachusettsOregonConnecticutMichiganDistrict of Columbia

161

159

129

127

00

High

District of ColumbiaMassachusettsOregonWyomingHawaii

1000

608

600

600

500

Low

VirginiaVermontMinnesotaNew MexicoArizona

238

235

228

180

97

NV

UTCO

AZ NM

CTMI

OR

HI

HI

DC

MA

MA

WY

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Em

erg

ency M

ed

ical Te

chnic

ians a

nd

Para

med

ics

34 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 24 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

$26

960

$33

290

$37

260

$25

060

$35

960

$30

620

$38

240

$41

360

$32

510

$36

750

457 432 418 413 384

04

-21-14

04

North Dakota Rhode Island Maryland Wyoming Hawaii

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

$30

470

$35

240

$31

940

$41

980

$36

980

West Virginia Wisconsin Alabama California Oregon

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$19

650

$22

380

$21

150

$27

460

$29

260

-72 -175

Allied Health Roles

Medical Assistants

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical A

ssis

tants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 35

Additional Findings

bull In 2004 medical assistants were reported among the top fi ve fastest-growing occupations (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment Statistics 2004)

bull Currently there is no generalized state or national licensure for medical assistants although many employers prefer or require that employees be certifi ed with the American Association of Medical Assistants Certifi ed Medical Assistant (CMA) credential

bull A majority of medical assistants work in offi ces of physicians while others work in medical and surgical hospitals and offi ces of other health practitioners (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 365000 28226 Average Annual Openings2012 579000

59 Medical Assistants Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 761 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 239 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 25 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

14305ndash2908012025ndash142958992ndash116512204ndash8370

(Median = 12025)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical A

ssis

tants

36 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 26 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

AZAR

UT

ID

DC

OR

NE

CO

AK

WA

High

IdahoArizonaWyomingArkansasUtah

810

785

727

718

694

Low

North DakotaNebraskaDistrict of ColumbiaOregonWashington

383

312

312

238

203

High

OregonWashingtonColoradoAlaskaNebraska

552

494

466

375

372

Low

UtahArkansasWyomingArizonaIdaho

207

202

200

191

189

UT

ID

WY

ARAZ

OR

WA

ND

NE

HI

HI

DC

WY

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical A

ssis

tants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 37

Figure 27 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

16172005

Idaho Delaware Rhode Island Washington New Mexico

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Connecticut North Dakota New York Alaska Vermont

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$28

430

$27

670

$26

650

$29

870

$24

440

$32

770

$39

050

$38

240

$40

860

$33

000

295 283 211 190 189

-35

$44

400

$30

620

$43

590

$42

170

$34

650

$29

920

$21

840

$27

160

$31

370

$26

250

Allied Health Roles

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical a

nd

Clin

ical L

ab

ora

tory

Technic

ians

38 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull Although salaries for medical and clinical laboratory technicians have shown moderate gains over time they are not equivalent to other health professions Many laboratory technicians report feeling overworked and underpaid and end up leaving to become physicianrsquos assistants (Koele 2004)

bull Due to closures of many hospital-based training programs the pipeline to employment for laboratory technicians has deteriorated though recent studies show renewed student interest and local efforts to restart or build new training programs to meet workforce demand (National Center for Health Workforce Analysis 2005)

bull A majority of medical and clinical laboratory technicians work in medical and surgical hospitals while others work in medical and diagnostic laboratories and offi ces of physicians (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 147000 6841 Average Annual Openings2012 176000

20 Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 419 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 581 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 28 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

5985ndash92625089ndash58634096ndash49431803ndash4059

(Median = 5089)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical a

nd

Clin

ical L

ab

ora

tory

Technic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 39

Figure 29 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

AZ

UTNV

ID

DC

SC

PA

High

ArizonaUtahIdahoNevadaColorado

528

375

370

329

296

Low

New YorkSouth CarolinaConnecticutPennsylvaniaDistrict of Columbia

84

79

69

61

00

High

District of ColumbiaHawaiiPennsylvaniaSouth CarolinaConnecticut

1000

1000

817

800

775

Low

UtahIdahoNevadaArizonaNorth Dakota

444

421

375

338

267

UT

ID

NV

CO

AZ

NY

PA

SC

HI

HI

DC

CT

ND

CT

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical a

nd

Clin

ical L

ab

ora

tory

Technic

ians

40 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 30 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Illinois Louisiana Georgia New Hampshire Virginia

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Connecticut Delaware New Mexico Utah Nevada

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

01

2639

-61

$37

200

$29

230

$30

050

$41

100

$31

550

$38

580

$31

230

$35

840

$37

450

$39

130

293 238 231 219 204

-63

$44

400

$39

050

$33

000

$34

110

$34

300

$37

970

$29

610

$33

810

$23

460

$32

100

Allied Health Roles

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical R

ecord

s a

nd

Health

Info

rmatio

n Te

chnic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 41

Additional Findings

bull In 2002 the American Health Information Management Association (AHIMA) identifi ed educational capacity as a key issue for this occupational group They estimate that 6000 new medical records and health information specialists are needed annually but only 2000 graduate from training programs each year

bull The median age is high at 46 a strong indication of potential retirement replacement problems (American Health Information Management Association 2002)

bull Medical records and health information technicians work primarily in medical and surgical hospitals and offi ces of physicians as well as nursing care facilities and outpatient care centers (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 147000 8974 Average Annual Openings2012 216000

47 Medical Records and Health Information Technicians

Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 766 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 234 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 31 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

6727ndash157105512ndash65334765ndash55012798ndash4614

(Median = 5512)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical R

ecord

s a

nd

Health

Info

rmatio

n Te

chnic

ians

42 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 32 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

AZ

AK

GA

NV

ID

DC

WA

OR

CO

High

ArizonaNevadaIdahoGeorgiaColorado

731

670

628

599

591

Low

PennsylvaniaOregonNew HampshireDistrict of ColumbiaWashington

266

249

245

201

192

High

OregonNew HamshireColoradoWashingtonDistrict of Columbia

517

473

466

436

429

Low

NevadaGeorgiaIdahoArizonaAlaska

189

186

180

164

50

ID

NV

CO

GA

AZ

WA

NH

NH

OR

PA

HI

HI

DC

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical R

ecord

s a

nd

Health

Info

rmatio

n Te

chnic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 43

Figure 33 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

District of Columbia New Jersey Nevada Wisconsin Virginia

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Arizona Alaska Louisiana Hawaii Vermont

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-073479

-60

$35

890

$37

350

$31

170

$28

130

$28

990

$57

980

$43

040

$34

300

$35

240

$39

130

322 305 279 257 236

-64

$34

880

$42

170

$31

230

$36

750

$34

650

$27

200

$31

470

$22

440

$31

100

$28

000

Allied Health Roles

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Occup

atio

nal H

ealth

and

Safe

ty S

pecia

lists

44 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull Reports show there is a growing trend toward advanced degrees for occupational health and safety specialists (Brauer 2004)

bull While there are no cited shortages or high rates of vacancy for this occupation there are indications of layoffs by manufacturing companies due to downsizing and outsourcing of their safety personnel (Adams et al 2004)

bull Occupational health and safety specialists work in a variety of settings including local government institutions residential mental health facilities state government institutions and medical and surgical hospitals (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 41000 1442 Average Annual Openings2012 47000

15 Occupational Health and Safety Specialists Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 377 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 623 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 34 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

1942ndash37651514ndash19331209ndash1495656ndash1167Data not available

(Median = 1505)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

NM

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Occup

atio

nal H

ealth

and

Safe

ty S

pecia

lists

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 45

Figure 35 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

ID

CO

IA

OK

NC

DC

ND

UT

TN

WV

High

NevadaIdahoUtahArizonaCalifornia

290

268

206

205

200

Low

PennsylvaniaConnecticutDistrict of ColumbiaSouth CarolinaWest Virginia

60

58

37

13

07

High

North DakotaTennesseeUtahWest VirginiaConnecticut

1000

1000

1000

857

800

Low

IdahoIowaNorth CarolinaOklahomaColorado

500

500

500

500

440

ID

NV

UTCA

AZ

PA

SC

WV

HI

HI

DC

CT

CT

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Occup

atio

nal H

ealth

and

Safe

ty S

pecia

lists

46 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 36 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Mississippi Arkansas District of Columbia Illinois Wisconsin

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

North Dakota Utah Alabama Alaska Oklahoma

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$48

580

$48

460

$76

790

$63

010

$51

570

$28

630

$29

560

$57

980

$38

580

$35

240

492 452 429 426 421

-12

1276

-36 -40

$30

620

$34

110

$31

940

$42

170

$31

150

$48

760

$52

760

$47

860

$69

920

$48

950

Allied Health Roles

Pharmacy Technicians

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Pharm

acy Te

chnic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 47

Additional Findings

bull Since its inception in 1995 the Pharmacy Technician Certifi cation Board (PTCB) has certifi ed 231745 pharmacy technicians (2005)

bull Unlike most other frontline occupations pharmacy technicians work primarily in retail settings such as health and personal care stores and grocery stores while others work in medical and surgical hospitals (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 211000 8819 Average Annual Openings2012 271000

28 Pharmacy Technicians Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 688 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 312 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 37 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

8297ndash101047614ndash81336469ndash75674407ndash6245

(Median = 7614)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Pharm

acy Te

chnic

ians

48 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 38 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

CO

WA

OR

DC

UT

ID

NV

AZ

High

NevadaAlaskaUtahColoradoIdaho

624

583

554

515

506

Low

PennsylvaniaNew YorkWashingtonRhode IslandDistrict of Columbia

191

190

179

179

50

High

District of ColumbiaMassachusettsOregonColoradoWashington

750

519

505

467

423

Low

IdahoArizonaNevadaUtahWyoming

217

207

176

167

00

ID

NV

AK

UTCO

PA

NY

WA

HI

HI

DC

RI

MA

WY

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Pharm

acy Te

chnic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 49

Figure 39 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

District of Columbia Connecticut Alabama Arizona Maine

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Kentucky Pennsylvania California Vermont Delaware

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

102 99 79 76 67

$32

170

$35

970

$41

980

$34

650

$39

050

$22

030

$21

300

$33

090

$22

760

$20

270

$31

190

$28

000

$21

520

$26

350

$23

870

$57

980

$44

400

$31

940

$34

880

$33

480

320 272 259 253 251

Allied Health Roles

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Rad

iolo

gic

Technolo

gis

ts a

nd

Technic

ians

50 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull According to a 2003 report by the American Society of Radiologic Technologists in addition to an aging workforce the fi eld of radiologic technology has fewer people entering the profession as it competes with careers that are perceived to be more rewarding and less stressful

bull One of the priorities of the American Society of Radiologic Technologists (2004) is passage of the Consumer Assurance of Radiologic Excellence (CARE) Act which has garnered support in Congress to establish nationwide educational and credentialing standards for medical imaging and radiation therapy personnel

bull A majority of radiologic technologists and technicians work in either medical and surgical hospitals or offi ces of physicians while others work in medical and diagnostic laboratories (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 174000 7246 Average Annual Openings2012 214000

48 Radiologic Technologists and Technicians Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 551 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 449 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 40 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

7246ndash104546299ndash71895262ndash62634116ndash5208

(Median = 6299)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Rad

iolo

gic

Technolo

gis

ts a

nd

Technic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 51

Figure 41 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due toReplacement Need

SC

PA

KY

IL

DC

AK

ID

NV

AZ

High

ArizonaIdahoNevadaUtahColorado

507

460

416

392

364

Low

KentuckyIllinoisSouth CarolinaPennsylvaniaDistrict of Columbia

122

122

70

64

26

High

District of ColumbiaSouth CarolinaPennsylvaniaIllinoisKentucky

833

750

743

608

604

Low

NevadaIdahoArizonaAlaskaWyoming

304

294

270

100

00

ID

NV

UT

AZ

CO

PA

SC

IL

KY

HI

HI

DC

WY

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Rad

iolo

gic

Technolo

gis

ts a

nd

Technic

ians

52 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 42 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Missouri Maine Massachusetts Montana Louisiana

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

South Carolina Alabama Delaware North Dakota Tennessee

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$54

220

$45

960

$57

070

$41

150

$41

210

$34

460

$33

480

$45

290

$29

880

$31

230

606 363 353 352 325

152 143 54 37

-07

-07

$31

940

$31

940

$39

050

$30

620

$32

730

$42

650

$38

650

$42

260

$35

880

$41

260

Allied Health Roles

Respiratory Therapy Technicians

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Resp

irato

ry T

hera

py Te

chnic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 53

Additional Findings

bull The vacancy rate for respiratory care professionals in hospitals increased from 596 percent in 2000 to 865 percent in 2005 This translates to approximately 11695 vacant full-time positions in 2005 (American Association for Respiratory Care 2006)

bull Respiratory therapy technicians work closely with respiratory therapists and almost exclusively in medical and surgical hospitals with a small percentage working in offi ces of physicians or other health practitioners (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 25000 1249 Average Annual Openings2012 35000

40 Respiratory Therapy Technicians Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 725 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 275 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 43 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

1287ndash2977965ndash1245665ndash937272ndash647Data not available

(Median = 965)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VT

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

WY

SDNH

ND

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Resp

irato

ry T

hera

py Te

chnic

ians

54 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 44 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

OR

CO

IA PA

DC

UT

ID

NV

AZ

MS

High

AlaskaColoradoIdahoNevadaUtah

731

579

578

533

533

Low

WashingtonSouth CarolinaAlabamaPennsylvaniaDistrict of Columbia

182

179

167

164

161

High

OregonIowaColoradoMassachusettsPennsylvania

550

500

476

472

455

Low

MissisippiIdahoArizonaNevadaUtah

214

211

155

100

00

ID

NV

AK

UTCO

PA

SC

AL

NY

WA

HI

HI

DC

MA

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Resp

irato

ry T

hera

py Te

chnic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 55

Figure 45 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Idaho Colorado Maine Illinois Pennsylvania

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

South Carolina District of Columbia Montana Maryland Wyoming

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$41

140

$39

460

$40

080

$38

420

$38

740

$32

770

$39

820

$33

480

$38

580

$35

970

513 419 343 338 300

-06 -06 -78 -117 -141

$31

940

$57

980

$29

880

$41

360

$32

510

$35

150

$36

960

$31

520

$51

860

$31

010

Allied Health Roles

Surgical Technologists

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Surg

ical Te

chnolo

gis

ts

56 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull According to the Association of Surgical Technologists in 2006 many employers prefer to hire graduates from two-year associate degree programs accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Allied Health Education Programs (CAAHEP)

bull The Association of Surgical Technologists has developed recommended Clinical Ladders to provide a long-term occupational strategy to decrease attrition increase skill levels and enhance quality patient surgical care (2006)

bull A vast majority of surgical technologists work in medical and surgical hospitals while others work in offi ces of physicians or dentists (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 72000 2959 Average Annual Openings2012 92000

28 Surgical Technologists Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 682 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 318 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 46 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

3143ndash53312591ndash31242090ndash24941202ndash2081Data not available

(Median = 2591)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

WY

SDNH

VT

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Surg

ical Te

chnolo

gis

ts

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 57

Figure 47 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

OR

AK

SC

PA

DC

NHID

NV

AZ

MS

High

ArizonaColoradoNevadaIdahoUtah

637

500

492

477

472

Low

New YorkWyomingPennsylvaniaSouth CarolinaDistrict of Columbia

187

167

115

114

63

High

District of ColumbiaAlaskaSouth CarolinaOregonPennsylvania

667

600

575

533

529

Low

MissisippiNew HampshireIdahoNevadaArizona

245

231

214

200

167

ID

NV

AZ

UTCO

PA

SC

NY

WY

HI

HI

DC

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Surg

ical Te

chnolo

gis

ts

58 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 48 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Wisconsin Georgia Maine Montana Arizona

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Oklahoma District of Columbia Utah Hawaii Idaho

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$39

700

$31

320

$34

670

$37

240

$40

830

$35

240

$35

840

$33

480

$29

880

$34

880

322 307 304 297 287

-03 -13

77 66 38$31

150

$57

980

$34

110

$36

750

$32

770

$28

500

$35

390

$29

570

$34

270

$35

910

Health Educators Health educators

Public health advisors

Public health analysts

Public health educators

Public health instructors

Public health representatives

Public health specialists

Public health technologists

Medical and Public Health Social Workers

Bereavement counselors

Geriatric social workers

Group social workers

Health care social workers

Home health care social workers

Hospice social workers

Hospital social workers

Long term care social workers

Medical case workers

Medical social consultants

Medical social workers

Neonatal social workers

Nephrology social workers

Nursing home social workers

Older adult social work specialists

Oncology social workers

Outreach and education social workers

Pediatric social workers

Perinatal social workers

Public health social workers

Public welfare workers

Renal social workers

Social and Human Service Assistants

Aides welfare

Assistants clinical

Assistants human services

Assistants social services

Boyrsquos advisors counselors or workers

Case aides

Case work aides

Childrenrsquos aides

Clerical aides

Clinical social work aides

Community aides

Community coordinators

Community development aides

Community development workers

Community organization aides

Community service workers

Counseling aides

Family service aides

Field representatives

Field workers

Group workers

Head workers

Home visitors

House visitors

Human services workers

Management aides

Neighborhood aides

Neighborhood coordinators

Neighborhood workers

Promotores

Outreach workers

Red cross workers

Service aides

Social contact workers

Social service workers

Technicians human service

Travelersrsquo aid workers

Visitors

Welfare service aides

Welfare visitors

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 59

Community and Public Health Roles Frontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles

Community and Public Health Roles

Health Educators

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Health

Ed

ucato

rs

60 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull The average age of the total public health workforce of which health educators are a key element is estimated at 47 indicating a looming retirement problem (Mahan and Malecki 2004)

bull The health educator occupational group is noted for persistent shortages and cited as a top priority within the public health infrastructure (Northwest Center for Public Health Practice University of Washington 2002)

bull Health educators work in a variety of settings including medical and surgical hospitals local government institutions individual and family services and state government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 45000 1759 Average Annual Openings2012 54000

20 Health Educators Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 554 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 446 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 49 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

2048ndash66941482ndash20111041ndash14211414ndash1019Data not available

(Median = 1482)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

WY

SDNH

VT

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Health

Ed

ucato

rs

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 61

Figure 50 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

MINY

WV DC

NV

SD

NC

AL

High

UtahNevadaColoradoArizonaFlorida

464

450

333

315

298

Low

New YorkRhode IslandMichiganSouth CarolinaDistrict of Columbia

115

112

89

59

24

High

District of ColumbiaMichiganRhode IslandWest VirginiaNew York

875

667

667

667

600

Low

AlabamaNorth CarolinaSouth DakotaConnecticutNevada

333

333

333

300

100

FL

NV

AZ

UTCO

MI

SC

NY

HI

HI

DC

RI

RICT

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Health

Ed

ucato

rs

62 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 51 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Tennessee Connecticut Oregon New Hampshire Georgia

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

New Jersey Nevada Mississippi West Virgina Arizona

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$53

100

$49

190

$44

400

$42

320

$50

460

$32

730

$44

400

$36

980

$37

450

$35

840

743 375 357 311 311

-123 -126

01

-19-41

$43

040

$34

300

$28

630

$30

470

$34

880

$46

310

$41

380

$34

470

$25

140

$39

650

Community and Public Health Roles

Medical and Public Health Social Workers

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical a

nd

Pub

lic H

ealth

Socia

l Work

ers

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 63

Additional Findings

bull A national study indicates that 80 of the licensed social worker respondents held a masterrsquos degree in social work 12 reported a bachelorrsquos as their highest attained social work degree (National Association of Social Workers 2005)

bull The same study showed that nearly 62 of the licensed social work profession is over age 45 and 12 report plans to leave the workforce in the next 2 years (National Association of Social Workers 2005)

bull Medical and public health social workers work primarily in medical and surgical hospitals along with individual and family services nursing care facilities local government institutions and home health care services (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 107000 4906 Average Annual Openings2012 138000

29 Medical and Public Health Social Workers Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 626 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 374 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 52 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

4736ndash92583504ndash47292781ndash34911620ndash2746

(Median = 3504)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical a

nd

Pub

lic H

ealth

Socia

l Work

ers

64 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 53 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

WA

AK

AL

PA

DC

ID

UT

AZ

KS

High

ArizonaIdahoNevadaUtahNew Hampshire

551

489

453

452

450

Low

WashingtonNebraskaAlabamaPennsylvaniaDistrict of Columbia

196

196

161

149

50

High

District of ColumbiaWyomingPennsylvaniaAlabamaWashington

727

600

535

526

469

Low

IdahoUtahKansasArizonaAlaska

273

250

238

235

100

ID

NV

AZ

UT

NH

PANE

AL

WA

HI

HI

DC

WY

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical a

nd

Pub

lic H

ealth

Socia

l Work

ers

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 65

Figure 54 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Tennessee Delaware Nebraska Hawaii Illinois

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Alabama North Carolina Missouri South Carolina Mississippi

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$44

490

$47

620

$36

710

$54

710

$39

680

$32

730

$39

050

$33

060

$36

750

$38

580

445 410 367 361 346

69 6429

-23 -72

$31

940

$34

120

$34

460

$31

940

$28

630

$32

980

$38

520

$36

970

$33

760

$31

770

Community and Public Health Roles

Social and Human Services Assistants

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Socia

l and

Hum

an S

erv

ices A

ssis

tants

66 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull There is a growing awareness that social and human services assistants are very effective at linking different communities and agencies and can be powerful change agents (Keane et al 2004)

bull Estimated turnover among social and human services assistants is high especially for those without formal academic preparation Some studies cite annual attrition rates as high as 77 (Bhattacharyya et al 2001)

bull Social and human services assistants work in a variety of settings including individual and family services state government institutions local government institutions and residential mental health facilities (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 305000 20245 Average Annual Openings2012 454000

49 Social and Human Services Assistants Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 735 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 265 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 55 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

18933ndash4563912705ndash182137872ndash115593311ndash7803

(Median = 12705)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Socia

l and

Hum

an S

erv

ices A

ssis

tants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 67

Figure 56 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

WA

ND

OR

DC

IDSD

UT

AZ

NV

High

IdahoNevadaArizonaUtahMaine

767

708

644

636

630

Low

MississippiNorth DakotaDistrict of ColumbiaWashingtonOregon

285

257

237

196

154

High

OregonWashingtonColoradoDistrict of ColumbiaNorth Dakota

520

489

463

430

414

Low

South DakotaArizonaNevadaUtahIdaho

217

216

206

206

187

ID

NV

AZ

UT

MEND

MS

WA

OR

HI

HI

DC

CO

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Socia

l and

Hum

an S

erv

ices A

ssis

tants

68 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 57 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Louisiana Connecticut Michigan Arizona Massachusetts

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

North Dakota Iowa Tennessee Washington Texas

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$28

750

$37

220

$31

740

$29

050

$30

060

$31

230

$44

400

$39

590

$34

880

$45

290

597 300 294 265 199

33 32 20

-39 -184

$30

620

$31

990

$32

730

$40

860

$35

310

$21

490

$24

320

$24

920

$23

690

$18

450

Home Health Aides Home attendants

Home health aides

Nursersquos companions

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Aides ns

Assistants ns

Assistants certifi ed nursing

Assistants nurse

Assistants nursing

Assistants operating room

Attendant nurses

Baby nurses

Birth attendants

CNA (certifi ed nursing assistants)

CNA activity ns

CNA with medical or nursing

Cart attendants

Doulas

First aid attendants

First aid nurses

Gericare aides

Health aides

Health care aides

Helpers ns

Helpers ward

Hospice aides

Hospice entrance attendants

Hospital aides

Hospital attendants

Hospital corpsmen

Hospital orderlies

Infi rmary attendants

Institutional aides

Medical aides

Medical attendants

Medication aides

Midwives

New patient escorts

Nurses other specifi ed or ns

less than high school diploma

Nurse sitters

Nursersquos aides

Nursery attendants

Nursing aides

Operating room orderlies

Orderlies

Patient care excluding nursing

Patient escorts

Patient sitters

Patient sitters cleaning

Patient transporters

Student nurses

Surgical aides

Teacher orderlies

Technicians aides

Technicians certifi ed medication

Technicians nurse less than associate

degree

Technicians nursery

Trained attendants

Transporters

Ward aides

Ward attendants

Personal and Home Care AidesAides ns

Blind aides

Blind escorts

Caregivers

Caretakers family member

Companions

Convalescent sitters

Direct care staffers

Geriatric aides

Guardian family members

Home care aides

Homemakers

Nutrition aides

Personal attendants

Sitters excluding animal or child care

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 69

Long-Term Care RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles

ns = not specifi ed

Additional Findings

bull Within the frontline workforce as presented in this chartbook long-term care employees (of which home health aides are a subset) comprise the largest percentage of ethnic minority workers with half identifi ed as an ethnic minority 35 African American and 13 Latino (Bureau of Labor Statistics Current Population Survey 2005)

bull While turnover of long-term-care workers has been understood to be a serious problem only a few studies have thoroughly identifi ed the actual per worker costs of turnover with some researchers indicating further studies are needed to better inform and address turnover issues (Seavey 2004)

bull Home health aides work primarily in home health care services residential mental health facilities community care facilities for the elderly and individual and family services (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Long-term Care Roles

Home Health Aides

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 580000 35497 Average Annual Openings2012 859000

48 Home Health Aides Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 786 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 214 Replacements

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Hom

e H

ealth

Aid

es

70 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 58 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

22152ndash5917718257ndash2208212701ndash179266526ndash12368Data not available

(Median = 18091)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

CO

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Hom

e H

ealth

Aid

es

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 71

Figure 59 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

KS

UT

ID

AZ

MN

ND

DC

SC

High

ArizonaUtahIdahoGeorgiaMaryland

690

688

631

528

518

Low

NebraskaOregonNorth DakotaWashingtonConnecticut

266

239

229

213

189

High

ConnecticutWashingtonNorth DakotaOregonWyoming

416

402

367

367

367

Low

KansasUtahIdahoArizonaRhode Island

200

176

173

159

26

ID

UT

AZ

GA

ND

WA

OR

MD

CT

HI

HI

DC

NE

CTRIWY

WA

OR

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Hom

e H

ealth

Aid

es

72 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 60 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

$22

490

$19

260

$17

800

$20

110

$21

500

$36

750

$30

620

$29

560

$29

080

$34

300

348 221 220 220 213

-46 -102 -114 -148 -152

Hawaii North Dakota Arkansas South Dakota Nevada

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

$44

400

$35

310

$31

230

$39

820

$28

630

Connecticut Texas Louisiana Colorado Mississippi

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$25

320

$14

680

$16

400

$19

600

$16

170

Additional Findings

bull Some studies estimate over 25 of certifi ed nursing assistants (CNAs) in nursing homes have no health insurance compared with 16 of all US workers (General Accounting Offi ce 2001)

bull Nursing aides orderlies and attendants work primarily in nursing care facilities and also may work in medical and surgical hospitals and community care facilities for the elderly (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Long-term Care Roles

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 1375000 52299 Average Annual Openings2012 1718000

25 Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 655 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 345 Replacements

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Nurs

ing A

ides O

rderlie

s a

nd

Atte

nd

ants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 73

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 61 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

65204ndash9321651946ndash6457241418ndash5116226080ndash40279

(Median = 51946)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Nurs

ing A

ides O

rderlie

s a

nd

Atte

nd

ants

74 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 62 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

NV

UT

ID

AZ

MN

NY

DC

SC

High

ArizonaNevadaIdahoUtahHawaii

502

454

451

417

344

Low

New YorkMinnesotaConnecticutDistrict of ColumbiaSouth Carolina

146

145

93

58

40

High

South CarolinaDistrict of ColumbiaConnecticutNew YorkMinnesota

799

695

585

475

475

Low

HawaiiUtahIdahoNevadaArizona

250

239

225

224

207

NV

ID

UT

AZ

MN

NY

CT

HI

HI

DC

SC

CT

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Nurs

ing A

ides O

rderlie

s a

nd

Atte

nd

ants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 75

Figure 63 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

$20

920

$23

910

$21

130

$20

210

$18

750

$32

510

$41

980

$33

780

$30

620

$35

310

233 205 194 194 190

101 98 92 83 66

Wyoming California Kansas North Dakota Texas

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

$31

940

$28

630

$44

400

$36

980

$43

040

South Carolina Mississippi Connecticut Oregon New Jersey

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$18

830

$16

590

$27

110

$22

560

$24

070

Long-term Care Roles

Personal and Home Care Aides

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Pers

onal a

nd

Hom

e C

are

Aid

es

76 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull A national study found that a ldquogray marketrdquo exists within the long-term-care workforce (workers hired directly by individuals and families who are not counted in most formal surveys) as up to 29 of workers providing long-term-care assistance to the Medicare population in the home are self-employed (Leon and Franco 1998)

bull A report indicates that 40ndash45 of home care aides lack health insurance (Lipson and Regan 2004)

bull Personal and home care aides work in a variety of settings including home health care services individual and family services and residential mental health facilities (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 608000 34327 Average Annual Openings2012 854000

41 Personal and Home Care Aides Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 716 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 284 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 64 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

24377ndash4697716307ndash2345211381ndash159584379ndash11357Data not available

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

OR

WA

(Median = 16307)

ID

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Pers

onal a

nd

Hom

e C

are

Aid

es

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 77

Figure 65 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

WA

ND

NE

CO

OR

DC

NVUT

NM

High

UtahNevadaMaineNew MexicoMinnesota

637

563

546

533

519

Low

District of ColumbiaMichiganOregonNebraskaNorth Dakota

225

224

214

181

157

High

North DakotaColoradoNebraskaOregonWashington

507

464

462

450

432

Low

MinnesotaMaineNew MexicoNevadaUtah

236

227

226

220

176

ME

NV

NM

MN

UT

MI

ND

NE

OR

HI

HI

DC

ME

MN

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Pers

onal a

nd

Hom

e C

are

Aid

es

78 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 66 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Delaware District of Columbia California Vermont Wyoming

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

South Dakota Mississippi Connecticut Tennessee Nevada

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$19

790

$21

630

$21

100

$19

760

$17

280

$39

050

$57

980

$41

980

$34

650

$32

510

321 314 263 198 197

24

-15 -21 -29 -35

$29

080

$28

630

$44

400

$32

730

$34

300

$17

300

$14

190

$20

870

$16

250

$17

670

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 79

Mental Health CounselorsClinical mental health counselors

Mental health counselors

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Alcoholism workers

Clinical social workers

Community mental health workers

Drug abuse workers

Marriage and family social workers

Private practice social workers

Psychiatric social workers

Psychotherapist social workers

Supervisors social work

Psychiatric Aides Charge aides

Charge attendants

Mental health aides

Mental retardation aides

Neuropsychiatric aides

Psychiatric aides

Psychiatric attendants

Psychiatric orderlies

Psychiatric Technicians Technicians mental health

Technicians psychiatric

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Addiction counselors

Alcoholic counselors

Certifi ed abuse and drug addiction

counselors

Certifi ed alcohol and drug counselors

Certifi ed alcohol counselors

Certifi ed drug counselors

Certifi ed substance abuse counselors

Chemical dependency counselors

Drug abuse counselors

Drug and alcohol testers

Drug counselors

Human relations counselors drug or

alcohol abuse

Substance abuse counselors

Technicians drug abuse

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles Frontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles

Mental Health Counselors

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Menta

l Health

Counselo

rs

80 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull More than 60 of rural Americans live in designated mental health professional shortage areas (Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education Mental Health Program 2004)

bull Mental health counselors work in a variety of settings including outpatient care centers individual and family services and local government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 85000 4198 Average Annual Openings2012 107000

26 Mental Health Counselors Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 538 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 462 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 67 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

4624ndash143452642ndash46131992ndash2614617ndash1985Data not available

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

(Median = 2642)

SC

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Menta

l Health

Counselo

rs

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 81

Figure 68 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

MI

DC

AZ

UT

MO

ID

IL

NC

AL

High

MarylandMissouriArizonaIdahoSouth Dakota

458

453

448

411

383

Low

MassachusettsDistrict of ColumbiaMichiganIllinoisLouisiana

141

117

90

90

60

High

HawaiiLouisianaIllinoisMichiganWyoming

1000

750

720

719

700

Low

ArizonaIdahoUtahMarylandMissouri

340

333

333

328

314

AZ

ID

MI

IL

LA

SD

MO

HI

HI

DCMD

MA

MD

LA

WY

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Menta

l Health

Counselo

rs

82 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 69 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Idaho Iowa West Virginia Mississippi South Carolina

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Colorado Nebraska Wisconsin Nevada Utah

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$68

270

$40

620

$34

500

$36

630

$36

720

$32

770

$31

990

$30

470

$28

630

$31

940

1094 862 599 484 426

51

-01-30

-63 -130

$39

820

$33

060

$35

240

$34

300

$34

110

$35

680

$34

230

$45

110

$40

150

$29

120

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Menta

l Health

and

Sub

sta

nce A

buse S

ocia

l Work

ers

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 83

Additional Findings

bull There is an observed potential disconnect particularly in California between the social work services offered and the needs of a population that is culturally diverse and aging (McRee et al 2003)

bull Making mental health and substance abuse care available in rural areas is increasingly important although recruiting to rural areas is particularly diffi cult due to professional isolation lower salaries and limited career opportunities for spouses (Kimerling 2002)

bull Mental health and substance abuse social workers work in a variety of settings including individual and family services outpatient care centers residential mental health facilities local government institutions and psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 95000 4901 Average Annual Openings2012 128000

35 Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers

Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 668 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 332 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 70 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

5102ndash105953525ndash44562312ndash3501722ndash2273

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

(Median = 3513)

SC

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Menta

l Health

and

Sub

sta

nce A

buse S

ocia

l Work

ers

84 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 71 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

DC

NV

GA

AR

KS

High

GeorgiaIdahoSouth DakotaNew MexicoArkansas

600

567

467

463

459

Low

District of ColumbiaWashingtonWest VirginiaNorth DakotaLouisiana

152

150

132

123

107

High

North DakotaLouisianaWest VirginiaWashingtonDistrict of Columbia

600

567

548

547

500

Low

ArkansasKansasMassachusettsGeorgiaNevada

267

254

250

233

00

NM

ID

ND

WA

LA

SD

AR

GA

HI

HI

DCWV

MA

LA

WV

ND

WA

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Menta

l Health

and

Sub

sta

nce A

buse S

ocia

l Work

ers

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 85

Figure 72 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Nevada Arizona Kansas Utah West Virginia

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

New Mexico Virginia Alaska Georgia Wyoming

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$54

070

$34

450

$36

450

$40

190

$23

400

$34

300

$34

880

$33

780

$34

110

$30

470

472 378 282 277 261

-56-44 -102 -142 -264

$33

000

$39

130

$42

170

$35

840

$32

510

$32

290

$39

160

$31

960

$33

200

$25

190

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles

Psychiatric Aides

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Psychia

tric A

ides

86 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull There is often very little formal training required for psychiatric aides although many do take part in informal on-the-job training and instruction lasting from several days to several months (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

bull Psychiatric aides work primarily in psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals residential mental health facilities and medical and surgical hospitals (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 59000 1636 Average Annual Openings2012 68000

15 Psychiatric Aides Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 526 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 474 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 73 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

2888ndash145032002ndash28461306ndash1920249ndash1159Data not available

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

VAKY

WI

MI

ILOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

(Median = 2002)

SC

CO

IA

IN

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Psychia

tric A

ides

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 87

Figure 74 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

MI

KY

LA

NY

PA

DC

AZAR

WI

High

ArizonaUtahArkansasNevadaIdaho

517

372

370

350

319

Low

ConnecticutKentuckyDelawareMichiganLouisiana

32

18

00

00

00

High

LouisianaMichiganKentuckyNew YorkPennsylvania

1000

1000

833

778

755

Low

ArkansasWisconsinArizonaConnecticutDelaware

250

250

211

00

00

NV

AZ AR

ID

UT

MI

KY

LA

HI

HI

DC

DE

CT

CT

DE

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Psychia

tric A

ides

88 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 75 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Maine West Virginia Louisiana Alaska Massachusetts

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Virginia Michigan Tennessee Florida Ohio

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$27

710

$18

610

$19

600

$33

850

$27

960

$33

480

$30

470

$31

230

$42

170

$45

290

260 224 208 202 202

-72-59 -79 -100 -280

$39

130

$39

590

$32

730

$33

750

$35

910

$21

770

$25

780

$20

180

$19

780

$20

210

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles

Psychiatric Technicians

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Psychia

tric Te

chnic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 89

Additional Findings

bull As of 2004 only four states (California Colorado Kansas and Arkansas) license psychiatric technicians (California Association of Psychiatric Technicians 2004)

bull Psychiatric technicians work primarily in psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals state government institutions and medical and surgical hospitals (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 60000 1134 Average Annual Openings2012 63000

5 Psychiatric Technicians Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 312 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 688 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 76 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

2381ndash90501675ndash2334933ndash1634229ndash921Data not available

CA

AK

HI

UT

AZ

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

VAKY

WI

MI

ILOH

VT

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

(Median = 1654)

SC

CO

IA

INNV

NM

MO

NH

WY

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Psychia

tric Te

chnic

ians

90 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 77 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

MI

KY

LA

IL

DC

AZ

GA

NC

UT

MT

High

ArizonaNorth CarolinaMontanaNew JerseyMinnesota

451

398

377

375

330

Low

MichiganIllinoisNebraskaDistrict of ColumbiaKentucky

00

00

00

00

00

High

District of ColumbiaIllinoisKentuckyLouisianaMichigan

1000

1000

1000

1000

1000

Low

UtahGeorgiaNorth CarolinaMontanaArizona

333

300

267

250

219

AZ

NC

MTMN

MI

KY

IL

NE

HI

HI

DC

NJ

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Psychia

tric Te

chnic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 91

Figure 78 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Idaho New Mexico Arizona Iowa Texas

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Virginia New Jersey Mississippi Minnesota Oklahoma

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$27

250

$24

080

$28

410

$26

140

$23

540

$32

770

$33

000

$34

880

$31

990

$35

310

430 407 376 359 321

07

-01 -04 -10 -68

$39

130

$43

040

$28

630

$39

840

$31

150

$22

870

$33

690

$19

790

$28

000

$23

400

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Sub

sta

nce A

buse a

nd

Behavio

ral D

isord

er C

ounselo

rs

92 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull It is estimated that more than half of substance abuse treatment professionals are female although 68 of the client population is male Similarly 85 of substance abuse treatment professionals are white compared with a client base that is only 56 white (Mulvey Hubbard and Hayashi 2003)

bull A study of directors and key staff from 175 drug and alcohol treatment programs found particularly high levels of staff turnover among counselors and upper management positions such as program directors (McLellan Carise and Kleber 2003)

bull Substance abuse and behavioral disorder counselors work in a variety of settings including outpatient care centers residential mental health facilities individual and family services and local government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 67000 3095 Average Annual Openings2012 83000

24 Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors

Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 504 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 496 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 79 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

3511ndash131062184ndash34471797ndash2183920ndash1774

(Median = 2184)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Sub

sta

nce A

buse a

nd

Behavio

ral D

isord

er C

ounselo

rs

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 93

Figure 80 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

High

ArizonaUtahKansasNevadaArkansas

400

400

393

360

345

Low

South CarolinaLouisianaDistrict of ColumbiaMichiganNorth Dakota

89

85

82

76

48

High

North DakotaWest VirginiaMichiganLouisianaDistrict of Columbia

857

800

771

750

739

Low

WisconsinCaliforniaArizonaKansasUtah

400

373

361

353

333

NV

UT

AZ

KS

ND

AR

LA

MI

DC

SC

CA UT

AZ

KS

ND

WI

LA

MI

DC

SC

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Sub

sta

nce A

buse a

nd

Behavio

ral D

isord

er C

ounselo

rs

94 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 81 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

$38

880

$42

630

$31

740

$39

160

$47

450

$37

450

$34

880

$31

150

$34

300

$43

040

775 584 525 509 399

New Hampshire Arizona Oklahoma Nevada New Jersey

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

$34

110

$39

050

$34

650

$35

240

$36

750

Utah Delaware Vermont Wisconsin Hawaii

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

09 -52 -87 -138-26

$35

400

$32

910

$38

220

$37

930

$34

510

Child Family and School Social Workers

Adoption agents

Adoption workers

Child abuse workers

Child and family services workers

Child consultants

Child development consultants

Child welfare consultants

Child welfare workers

Childrenrsquos counselors

Family preservation workers

Foster care workers

Juvenile officers

Protective services social workers

School social workers

Dental Assistants Aides ns

Assistants dental

Assistants dentist excluding clerical

Assistants orthodontist

Attendants ns

Dental aides

Dentist attendants

Helpers dentist

Dietetic Technicians Technicians dietary

Technicians dietetic

Technicians food service

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

LP nurses

LPN (licensed practical nurses)

LVN (licensed vocational nurses)

Licensed attendants

Licensed practical nurses

Licensed vocational nurses

Maternity nurses

Nurses other specified or ns

high school diploma or some college

and no degree

Nurses LPN

Nurses practical

Practical nurses

Private duty nurses practical

TPN (trained practical nurses)

Trained practical nurses

Vocational nurses

Medical TranscriptionistsMedical stenographers

Medical transcribers

Medical transcriptionists

Occupational Therapist AssistantsAssistants occupational therapy

Occupational therapy ns

associate degree

Technicians occupational therapy

Pharmacy Aides Assistants dispensary

Assistants pharmacist

Assistants pharmacy

Dispensary attendants

Drug clerks

Helpers pharmacist

Helpers pharmacy

Pharmacistrsquos aides

Pharmacy clerks

Prescription clerks

Physical Therapist AidesPhysical therapy ns

less than associate degree

Physical therapy aides

Physical therapy attendants

Physiotherapy aides

Physical Therapist AssistantsAssistants physical therapisttherapy

Physical therapy ns associate degree

Technicians physical therapy

Recreational Therapists Activity therapists

Recreational therapists

Therapeutic recreation specialists

Rehabilitation Counselors Coordinators of rehabilitation services

Directors of rehabilitation

Homemaking rehabilitation consultants

Psychosocial rehabilitation counselors

Rehabilitation counselors

Residence counselors

Veterans rehabilitation counselors

Occupatio

nal P

rofi

les

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profile of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 95

Other Frontline Occupational RolesFrontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles

ns = not specified

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Child

Fam

ily a

nd

School S

ocia

l Work

ers

96 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Child Family and School Social Workers

Additional Findings

bull The estimated annual turnover rate among child social workers employed in private child-serving agencies (eg group homes residential treatment centers and home-based counseling programs) is reported to be as high as 40 (Annie E Casey Foundation 2004)

bull School social workers make up only 5 of the total social worker profession and tend to be professionalized as their own subgroup of social workers (National Association of Social Workers 2004)

bull Child family and school social workers work in a variety of settings including state government institutions local government institutions individual and family services and elementary and secondary schools (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 274000 11057 Average Annual Openings2012 338000

23 Child Family and School Social Workers Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 575 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 425 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 82 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

12717ndash2233110323ndash126377335ndash102381936ndash7117

(Median = 10280)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Child

Fam

ily a

nd

School S

ocia

l Work

ers

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 97

Figure 83 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

MI

LA

OK

DC

NV

ID

KS

UT

High

NevadaIdahoUtahNew MexicoArizona

411

381

353

313

303

Low

IllinoisOklahomaLouisianaDistrict of ColumbiaMichigan

122

107

102

83

66

High

MichiganDistrict of ColumbiaLouisianaOklahomaHawaii

719

679

620

613

600

Low

UtahKansasNevadaIdahoWyoming

333

326

290

286

100

AZNM

ID

UTNV

MI

IL

OK

LA

HI

HI

DC

WY

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Child

Fam

ily a

nd

School S

ocia

l Work

ers

98 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 84 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Wyoming Montana Massachusetts New Hampshire North Dakota

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Mississippi District of Columbia Oregon New Mexico Idaho

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$33

800

$32

640

$45

800

$38

870

$38

010

$32

510

$29

880

$45

290

$37

450

$30

620

423 365 317 260 259

41 3715

-68 -167

$28

630

$57

980

$36

980

$33

000

$32

770

$29

380

$37

870

$35

710

$28

850

$32

340

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Dental Assistants

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Denta

l Assis

tants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 99

Additional Findings

bull Currently there are no national guidelines governing dental assistant practice in the United States though dental assistants may become certifi ed through passing the Certifi ed Dental Assistant examination (American Dental Assistants Association 2005)

bull Dental assistants can be trained through a variety of sources including accredited programs non-accredited postsecondary programs in-offi ce training courses state dental board approved courses and on-the-job training (American Dental Assistants Association 2005)

bull Dental assistants work almost exclusively in offi ces of dentists while a very small percentage work in physiciansrsquo offi ces or a federal government institution (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004))

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 266000 18735 Average Annual Openings2012 379000

43 Dental Assistants Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 603 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 397 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 85 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

10197ndash147439288ndash101797939ndash92313479ndash7696Data not available

(Median = 9260)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Denta

l Assis

tants

100 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 86 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

MI

NE

WA

DCCA

AZ

ID

KS

High

ArizonaGeorgiaCaliforniaIdahoTennessee

700

607

571

569

563

Low

IllinoisHawaiiWashingtonNebraskaConnecticut

243

230

218

218

165

High

ConnecticutHawaiiWashingtonNebraskaMichigan

620

600

580

556

537

Low

CaliforniaIdahoArizonaKansasWyoming

328

327

286

286

200

AZ

CA

TN

GA

ID

IL

WA

NE

HI

HI

DC

CT

WY CT

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Denta

l Assis

tants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 101

Figure 87 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

New Hampshire Arizona South Dakota West Virginia Maryland

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Texas Washington Idaho Alaska District of Columbia

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$35

540

$32

080

$26

360

$26

070

$32

050

$37

450

$34

880

$29

080

$30

470

$41

360

545 409 395 363 291

17 09

-06 -59 -75

$35

310

$40

860

$32

770

$42

170

$57

980

$27

550

$32

670

$29

050

$34

240

$36

930

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Dietetic Technicians

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Die

tetic

Technic

ians

102 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull Each state varies in its regulation of dietetic technicians through licensure statutory certifi cation or registration (Commission on Dietetic Registration 2006)

bull A majority of dietetic technicians work in medical and surgical hospitals or nursing care facilities while others work in community care facilities for the elderly (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 29000 969 Average Annual Openings2012 35000

21 Dietetic Technicians Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 608 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 392 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 88 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

1285ndash3707983ndash1248686ndash975199ndash679Data not available

(Median = 979)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

NH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

SD

VT

WY

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Die

tetic

Technic

ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 103

Figure 89 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

SC

WV

LA

DC

UT

AZ

MS

FL

NC

High

ArizonaIdahoNevadaUtahNew Mexico

489

434

400

391

353

Low

OhioSouth CarolinaMarylandWest VirginiaDistrict of Columbia

119

114

107

57

16

High

District of ColumbiaNew JerseyWest VirginiaLouisianaSouth Carolina

1000

1000

1000

600

600

Low

FloridaMississippiNorth CarolinaArizonaUtah

320

286

250

218

00

AZNM

ID

UTNV OH

WV

NC

HI

HI

DCMD

NJ

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Die

tetic

Technic

ians

104 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 90 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Utah Idaho Massachusetts Nevada Alabama

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

West Virginia Arizona South Carolina Arkansas Georgia

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$23

880

$24

840

$32

100

$34

520

$23

790

$34

110

$32

770

$45

290

$34

300

$31

940

429 424 420 399 368

-43 -79 -96 -159 -235

$30

470

$34

880

$31

940

$29

560

$35

840

$21

620

$19

950

$19

250

$18

930

$22

940

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Lic

ensed

Pra

ctic

al a

nd

Lic

ensed

Vocatio

nal N

urs

es

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 105

Additional Findings

bull While there are some similarities across states in the implementation of the Nursing Practice Act the historic legislation on scope of practice and responsibilities for registered nurses there is also a great deal of state level variation in practice requirements regulations and tasks for licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses (Seago et al 2004)

bull Licensed practical and licensed vocational nurses work in a variety of settings including nursing care facilities medical and surgical hospitals offi ces of physicians and home health care services (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 702000 29480 Average Annual Openings2012 844000

20 Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses

Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 481 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 519 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 91 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

31314ndash4705624993ndash3121017677ndash249558114ndash17519Data not available

(Median = 24974)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

SD

VT

WY

NH

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Lic

ensed

Pra

ctic

al a

nd

Lic

ensed

Vocatio

nal N

urs

es

106 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 92 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

SC

PA

ND

DC

UT

ID

NV

AZ

FL

High

ArizonaNevadaIdahoUtahFlorida

392

369

340

316

268

Low

PennsylvaniaNorth DakotaConnecticutSouth CarolinaDistrict of Columbia

82

63

62

14

00

High

District of ColumbiaSouth CarolinaConnecticutNorth DakotaPennsylvania

1000

949

781

773

727

Low

FloridaIdahoNevadaUtahArizona

449

388

375

375

357

AZ

FL

ID

UTNV

ND

SC

PA

HI

HI

DC

CT

CT

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Lic

ensed

Pra

ctic

al a

nd

Lic

ensed

Vocatio

nal N

urs

es

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 107

Figure 93 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

District of Columbia New Jersey New Mexico South Carolina Maryland

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Indiana Tennessee Texas Rhode Island Kansas

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$48

370

$46

010

$38

030

$34

960

$44

110

$57

980

$43

040

$33

000

$31

940

$41

360

406 279 273 269 227

121 119 115 105 101$33

820

$32

730

$35

310

$38

240

$33

780

$34

440

$30

940

$34

260

$42

730

$31

710

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Medical Transcriptionists

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical T

ranscrip

tionis

ts

108 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull Optional medical transcriptionist certifi cation is offered through the American Association of Medical Transcription (AAMT) While certifi cation is encouraged and understood as a verifi cation of standard training it is not required for employment As of February 2004 approximately one-third (2840) of the 7450 medical transcriptionists registered with the AAMT were certifi ed

bull Outsourcing of medical transcription overseas has become increasingly common Nearly 50 of the current contract transcription market demand is outsourced to a specialized vendor community and an estimated 8ndash10 of all con-tract transcription from the US health care industry is done overseas (Medical Transcription Industry Alliance 2003)

bull Medical transcriptionists work primarily in medical and surgical hospitals and offi ces of physicians (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 101000 4146 Average Annual Openings2012 124000

23 Medical Transcriptionists Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 550 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 450 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 94 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

4824ndash99813561ndash48012957ndash35431614ndash2891Data not available

(Median = 3552)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

SD

VT

WY

NH

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical T

ranscrip

tionis

ts

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 109

Figure 95 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

SC

PA

DC

UT

ID

NMAZ

FL

High

ArizonaUtahIdahoKansasNevada

412

371

370

364

343

Low

Rhode IslandPennsylvaniaSouth CarolinaNebraskaDistrict of Columbia

116

116

109

86

59

High

WyomingDistrict of ColumbiaSouth CarolinaNebraskaPennsylvania

800

750

725

692

612

Low

New MexicoFloridaIdahoArizonaUtah

367

352

333

314

250

AZ

KS

ID

UTNV NE

PA

SC

HI

HI

DC

RI

WY

NE

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Med

ical T

ranscrip

tionis

ts

110 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 96 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Massachusetts Kansas Colorado Tennessee Delaware

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

New Mexico Oklahoma Maryland Nevada Hawaii

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$36

850

$27

560

$34

440

$28

310

$30

270

$45

290

$33

780

$39

820

$32

730

$39

050

298 298 297 245 219

-30

59

-15

12 059 $33

000

$31

150

$41

360

$34

300

$36

750

$25

890

$23

650

$33

960

$32

900

$32

050

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Occupational Therapist Assistants

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Occup

atio

nal T

hera

pis

t Assis

tants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 111

Additional Findings

bull Occupational therapist assistants may be trained in either a two-year associate degree program or a one-year certifi cate program available at two- and four-year colleges and universities or postsecondary vocationaltechnical schools and institutions (American Medical Association 2005)

bull Occupational therapist assistants work in a variety of settings including offi ces of health practitioners medical and surgical hospitals and nursing care facilities (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 18000 958 Average Annual Openings2012 26000

44 Occupational Therapist Assistants Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 756 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 244 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 97 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

784ndash4915578ndash757486ndash576248ndash449Data not available

(Median = 577)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

ND

MN

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VA

WI

MI

IL INOH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

SD

WY

NH

IA

KY

VT

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Occup

atio

nal T

hera

pis

t Assis

tants

112 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 98 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

SC

TN

NJ

DC

OR

FL

NMAZ

UT

ID

High

VirginiaArkansasUtahArizonaCalifornia

599

593

571

548

538

Low

OregonConnecticutSouth CarolinaDistrict of ColumbiaNew Jersey

200

194

129

00

00

High

OregonSouth CarolinaMontanaNew JerseyTennessee

600

600

500

500

500

Low

New MexicoFloridaIdahoArizonaUtah

100

100

100

00

00

AZ AR

VA

UTCA

OR

SC

HI

HI

DC

CT

NJ

MT

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Occup

atio

nal T

hera

pis

t Assis

tants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 113

Figure 99 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

North Carolina Nebraska Utah Michigan Maryland

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Wyoming Louisiana Georgia Tennessee Illinois

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$40

480

$33

010

$39

840

$39

480

$40

660

$34

120

$33

060

$34

110

$39

590

$41

360

448 400 319 317 287

-45 -63 -73 -81 -93

$32

510

$31

230

$35

840

$32

730

$38

580

$28

500

$37

930

$33

380

$43

700

$31

800

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Pharmacy Aides

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Pharm

acy A

ides

114 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull According to a 1999 study of pharmacy activity costs over 55 of pharmacy aide time is spent on prescription transactions with customers (Arthur Andersen 1999)

bull Similar to pharmacy technicians pharmacy aides are employed primarily in retail settings such as health and personal care stores and grocery stores (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 60000 2175 Average Annual Openings2012 71000

18 Pharmacy Aides Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 487 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 513 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 100 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

2328ndash34171822ndash22391444ndash1815253ndash1423Data not available

(Median = 1819)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

ND

MN

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VA

WI

MI

IL INOH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

WA

SD

WY

NH

IA

KY

VTOR

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Pharm

acy A

ides

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 115

Figure 101 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

DC

DE

VT

LA

IN

MA

WV

AZ

UT

High

NevadaColoradoAlaskaArizonaUtah

464

420

400

336

333

Low

MaineNew YorkWest VirginiaWyomingDistrict of Columbia

98

86

41

00

00

High

District of ColumbiaWest VirginiaMassachusettsLouisianaIndiana

1000

875

704

700

675

Low

DelawareNevadaArizonaVermontHawaii

385

350

348

333

00

AZ

AK

UTNV

CO

WY

ME

NY

WV

HI

HI

DC

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Pharm

acy A

ides

116 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 102 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Texas Idaho Wyoming Vermont Illinois

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

California Florida North Dakota North Carolina South Carolina

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$21

980

$24

320

$23

200

$19

750

$24

300

$35

310

$32

770

$32

510

$34

650

$38

580

368 366 316 298 253

-37 -56 -90 -106 -121

$41

980

$33

750

$30

620

$34

120

$31

940

$23

050

$17

550

$16

730

$17

480

$15

740

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Physical Therapist Aides

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Physic

al T

hera

pis

t Aid

es

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 117

Additional Findings

bull The data available on physical therapist aidesmdashone of the smaller frontline occupational groups profi led in this chartbookmdashare in conjunction with or subsumed within information on physical therapist assistants

bull Similar to physical therapist assistants physical therapist aides work in a variety of settings including offi ces of health practitioners medical and surgical hospitals and nursing care facilities (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 37000 2332 Average Annual Openings2012 54000

46 Physical Therapist Aides Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 735 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 265 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 103 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

1615ndash30291348ndash1552966ndash1347302ndash950Data not available

(Median = 1347)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

ND

MN

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

VA

WI

MI

IL INOH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

WA

SDNH

IA

KY

VTOR

SC

WY

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Physic

al T

hera

pis

t Aid

es

118 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 104 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

DC

WA

OR

CO

NM

NC

WIID

UT

High

IdahoArizonaCaliforniaVirginiaUtah

668

647

619

590

571

Low

OregonNebraskaWashingtonDistrict of ColumbiaRhode Island

242

231

204

57

51

High

District of ColumbiaRhode IslandOregonWashingtonColorado

1000

800

550

500

458

Low

New MexicoNorth CarolinaWisconsinIdahoUtah

200

200

200

176

00

UTCA

ID

NE

WA

OR

HI

HI

DC

RI

AZ

VA

RI

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Physic

al T

hera

pis

t Aid

es

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 119

Figure 105 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Delaware Montana Texas Virginia Illinois

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Florida Hawaii Indiana South Carolina Rhode Island

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$28

020

$23

710

$25

800

$22

100

$26

020

$39

050

$29

880

$35

310

$39

130

$38

580

453 391 391 241 225

-19 -19-101 -259 -343

$33

750

$36

750

$33

820

$31

940

$38

240

$20

880

$25

070

$22

150

$20

100

$21

430

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Physical Therapist Assistants

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Physic

al T

hera

pis

t Assis

tants

120 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull Typical training for physical therapist assistants does not provide approved prerequisites to move into a physical therapist role Those interested in advancing their career can do so through an accredited physical therapist assistant to physical therapist (PTA-PT) program (wwwallalliedhealthschoolscom 2006)

bull Licensure is not mandatory for physical therapist assistants licensing and certifi cation requirements vary from state to state (American Medical Association 2005)

bull Physical therapist assistants work in a variety of settings including offi ces of health practitioners medical and surgical hospitals and nursing care facilities (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 50000 3077 Average Annual Openings2012 73000

46 Physical Therapist Assistants Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 728 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 272 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 106 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

2233ndash31771802ndash21301296ndash1747780ndash1243

(Median = 1802)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Physic

al T

hera

pis

t Assis

tants

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 121

Figure 107 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

DC

OR

CO

OKSC

AZ

UT

AR

ID

MT

High

ArizonaIdahoArkansasWyomingUtah

640

635

610

600

583

Low

OregonConnecticutWashingtonSouth CarolinaDistrict of Columbia

265

255

217

214

143

High

OregonDistrict of ColumbiaColoradoOklahomaSouth Carolina

567

500

460

450

450

Low

IdahoMontanaArizonaArkansasUtah

231

222

209

205

00

UT

WY

ID

SC

WA

OR

HI

HI

DC

CT

AZ AR

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Physic

al T

hera

pis

t Assis

tants

122 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 108 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Louisiana Nebraska Maryland Idaho Nevada

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Missouri New Mexico Minnesota Hawaii Georgia

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$39

540

$36

640

$41

560

$37

190

$42

870

$31

230

$33

060

$41

360

$32

770

$34

300

596 401 395 369 254

-27

17

-10

16-01$3

446

0

$33

000

$39

840

$36

750

$35

840

$35

600

$32

060

$33

570

$33

030

$37

740

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Recreational Therapists

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Recre

atio

nal T

hera

pis

ts

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 123

Additional Findings

bull Employers and national regulatory and accreditation organizations increasingly use National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certifi cation (NCTRC) as a criterion for employment and as a preferred entry-level credential for recreational therapists (2004)

bull Recreational therapists work in a variety of settings including nursing care facilities medical and surgical hospitals psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals and state government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 27000 880 Average Annual Openings2012 29000

7 Recreational Therapists Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 275 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 725 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 109 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

1384ndash29501038ndash1365626ndash974314ndash502Data not available

CA

AK

HI

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

MT

ID

OR

WA

(Median = 1006)

NV

SC

WY

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Recre

atio

nal T

hera

pis

ts

124 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 110 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

DC

LA

ND

MI

ID

UTCO

AZ

IA

High

ArizonaColoradaUtahIdahoNew Mexico

312

290

276

218

214

Low

New JerseyDistrict of ColumbiaMichiganNorth DakotaLouisiana

00

00

00

00

00

High

LouisianaDistrict of ColumbiaMichiganNew JerseyNorth Dakota

1000

1000

1000

1000

1000

Low

UtahColoradoArizonaIdahoIowa

500

438

409

400

00

UTCO

ID

HI

HI

DC

NJ

LA

ND

MI

AZ NM

NJ

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Recre

atio

nal T

hera

pis

ts

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 125

Figure 111 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Wyoming New Hamphire Vermont Illinois Colorado

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Oklahoma North Dakota South Carolina Rhode Island New Mexico

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

$38

410

$37

190

$44

910

$32

350

$34

160

$32

510

$37

450

$34

650

$38

580

$39

820

670 451 435 344 342

-135

15

-68

06

-57

$31

150

$30

620

$31

940

$38

240

$33

000

$30

530

$28

370

$26

010

$33

140

$28

540

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Rehabilitation Counselors

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Rehab

ilitatio

n C

ounselo

rs

126 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Additional Findings

bull The Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certifi cation (CRCC) has certifi ed more than 35000 counselors since its inception in 1974 To sit for the certifi cation exam applicants must have a masterrsquos degree or be currently enrolled in an accredited masterrsquos program (2006)

bull The role of rehabilitation counselors has expanded to include aiding in transition services for children within school systems providing geriatric rehabilitation services and providing services for workers injured on the job through pri-vate rehabilitation counseling companies and employee assistance programs (American Medical Association 2005)

bull Rehabilitation counselors work in a variety of settings including vocational rehabilitation services residential mental health facilities individual and family services and state government institutions (Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004)

Projected Growth Annual Openings

2002 122000 6922 Average Annual Openings2012 164000

34 Rehabilitation Counselors Percent of Annual Openings Due to

148 All Frontline Workforce Occupations 597 Growth283 All Health and Health Care Occupations 403 Replacements

For defi nitions of commonly used terms please see page 9 of the How to Use the Chartbook section

Figure 112 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)

Per capita employment (per 100000)

6735ndash162514809ndash64882511ndash4756600ndash2431

(Median = 4809)

CA

AK

HI

NV

UT

AZ NM

CO

TX

OK

NE

KS

SD

ND

MN

IA

MO

AR

LAMS AL

TNNC

SC

VAKY

WI

MI

IL INOH

VTNH

ME

MARI

CTNJ

DEMDDC

NY

PA

WV

GA

FL

WY

MT

ID

OR

WA

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Rehab

ilitatio

n C

ounselo

rs

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 127

Figure 113 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need

DC

AZ

MN

TN

NH

High

MarylandNevadaArizonaTennesseeUtah

550

462

451

439

430

Low

District of ColumbiaMississippiMichiganOhioNorth Dakota

100

90

86

76

06

High

North DakotaOhioDistrict of ColumbiaMichiganMississippi

923

750

714

714

714

Low

MinnesotaNew HampshireArizonaTennesseeMaryland

372

349

333

308

295

AZ

UTNV

TN

SD

MI

OH

MS

HI

HI

DCMD

ND

OH

MI

MS

MD

Growth Rate

Replacement Need (in percent)

Occupatio

nal P

rofi le

s |

Rehab

ilitatio

n C

ounselo

rs

128 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Figure 114 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Highest Wage Gain

Hawaii New Mexico Wisconsin North Dakota Delaware

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

Total Percent Wage Gain (2000ndash2004)

Lowest Wage Gain

Connecticut New York Nevada Rhode Island Mississippi

2004 Mean Annual Wage2004 Mean Annual Wage (all occupations)

-07

$51

550

$27

370

$34

920

$34

560

$33

340

$36

750

$33

000

$35

240

$30

620

$39

050

596 572 510 507 388

-44 -101 -103 -151 -342

$44

400

$43

590

$34

300

$38

240

$28

630

$33

880

$27

590

$28

550

$33

590

$33

770

Conclusion

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 129

Summary

Frontline health and health care workers are a large fast-growing and vital component of the workforce constituting just over half of all health and health care occupations As the population ages the contributions of these workers will become even more central to the quality and cost of health care and services in this country As a whole the frontline workforce is growing rapidlymdashadding many new workers each year with a growth rate signifi cantly higher than other occupations and requiring a signifi cant number of replacement workers to fi ll future job openings due to turnover workers retiring and workers leaving the workforce altogether

Implications for Further Policy and Research Efforts1

This research on the frontline workforce must be placed in the context of broader challenges in the health care system and the general employment picture facing the nation over the next decade This will take effective action from a broad spectrum of health and health care stakeholders including employers educators professionals policy-makers labor and philanthropic entities

Health and Health Care Employers

Labor costs exceed 60 of total health care expenditures Any effort to change or rationalize the health care system will affect workers their patterns of practice and the material aspects of their employment Although most frontline workers are at the lower end of the compensation range in health care they represent a large critically impor-tant segment essential to any strategy to improve the quality lower the costs or expand access to health care and health services in the United States In each of these three vital areas the nation underperforms its potential In light of these challenges a solitary response of recruiting or fi nding frontline workers to keep the clinics long-term-care facilities and hospitals operating will be inadequate

Industry leaders will need to incorporate the following strategies into their overall action plan

bull Create new practice models and policies to reshape the nature of the work for frontline workers

bull Assist this transition by investing in care and service management technologies to allow fewer workers to do more with less time and to engage patients and their families in more productive ways These investments should include new facilities in addition to new technologies

1 Implications are based on the researchersrsquo fi ndings and recommendations and do not necessarily refl ect the viewpoints of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation

Conclu

sion

130 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

bull Integrate work and education to create laddered opportunities for the existing frontline workforce to take advantage of these new policies and technologies by getting higher levels of training on the job and improving their opportunities for higher wages and career advancement

bull Create more collaborative team-oriented work settings that allow for a fuller range of contributions by these new types of frontline workers including the responsibility to manage this service sector more effectively

bull Develop new strategic partnerships with labor and professional organizations who wish to change the nature of frontline work and are willing to respond creatively to the realities and challenges of the service sector

Teaching and Learning Organizations

Frontline workers will need a different set of skills and expectations as they prepare to enter the workforce and continue to grow and learn in an occupation that may begin to resemble more of a career or profession Educational institutions must play a vital role in reshaping program curricula positioning themselves as career partners and lowering the boundaries between education service and care delivery organizations to foster deeper partnerships Specifi cally teaching and learning organizations should consider the following for strategic success

bull Assess their programs in the context of emergent employer needs and changing student situations and demands Such an assessment will require a deeper commitment to securing input from both of these vital stakeholders These conversations and interactions should be ongoing with equal weight given to all voices at the assessment table

bull Create delivery mechanisms to employ new teaching and learning technologies that allow for more distance learning assessment of competence work-based learning and simulation These technologies should make education more accessible and more relevant to the learner

bull Commit to students throughout a lifetime of practice and growth not just a short-term training or educational program This will require a new partnership commitment between student school and employer that will serve each constituency as it adapts to strategic challenges

Professional Associations and Accrediting Organizations

Although they are separate entities professional associations and accrediting organiza-tions often speak for the professional conscience of the frontline health care worker They aim to represent both the publicrsquos interest and the interests of their members Usually member interests outweigh the publicrsquos interest as professional associations pursue a familiar pathway of more restrictive and protective accreditation and licen-sure more education and higher pay This form of protectionism has served the interests of the health professions for more than a century but it now threatens the viability of the health care system Instead leaders of the frontline health professional organizations can

Conclu

sion

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 131

bull Invite other aligned and similar frontline groups into larger affi nity combinations to consolidate action Smaller groups will be easier to ignore in the changes that are to come larger and broader groups will create a context for more effective action

bull Encourage education programs to respond to the need to create new value by changing the competencies provided to students broadening the work to educate more generally and making the movement through education effi cient and continuous after graduation

bull Alter the accreditation and licensure process to focus less on testing for entry and more on continuous improvement of quality and adaptation to changes in the environment

bull Work to ensure that the system is an agent of change by encouraging innovation lowering regulations and simplifying processes involved for assurance of professional status

Researchers

Understanding the value of the frontline workforce how it is changing and what might be done to accelerate the change process is a valued but largely ignored topic by most researchers Analyzing these and related dimensions of the frontline workforce in a critical manner will be essential to any effort to position the frontline occupations for signifi cant change To address these changes researchers and the institutions that support them should

bull Develop a national discussion to focus and refi ne a shared research agenda related to how frontline health professionals can transition to the new roles described above

bull Facilitate partnerships between education and delivery groups and organizations (particularly in the private sector) to provide support for research and access to key data for action research projects that meet the business needs of the sponsoring organizations

Policy-makers and Public Agencies

Over the past two decades the public and private sectors have built a large infrastructure to support the development of the health and health care workforce At the ground level regional workforce centers are often well integrated with both employers and educators Policy-makers and public agencies however often fail to connect this resource to a solution to do so they should take the following steps

bull Enhance understanding of the role and experience of regional workforce centers in developing programs to integrate education and work among employers labor and policy-makers

bull Target and fund breakthrough innovations that bring rapid cycle improvement to education transition to work retraining and assessment of value

bull Use existing relationships at the community level to build stronger programs among labor management practice and education to demonstrate the value of such enlarged and expanded partnerships

Conclu

sion

132 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

bull Build on the existing leadership of community and local agencies and partnerships to strengthen their ability to negotiate and play a genuine broker role among the various parties including labor schools and employers

Foundations

Community regional and national foundations have played an important role in other workforce areas including nursing and medicine For the frontline workforce foundations can provide needed leadership and capital for all of the activities described above Foundations can undertake the following specifi c strategic actions

bull Convene key actors at the local regional or state level to discuss priorities share resources and determine if a shared vision can emerge

bull Fund demonstration programs particularly when they involve more than one key partner or when they involve a truly innovative approach or have a demonstrated way of measuring the value of the experiment

bull Build the leadership skills and capacities of key actors across the continuum of stakeholders particularly at the local and regional level

bull Recognize achievement that advances the principles of an improved frontline workforce and highlight particular models that are worthy of replication and implementation

The research team used a deliberate process to identify a working defi nition of the frontline health and health care workforce and the occupations included in that classifi cation for this chartbook This defi nition of ldquofrontlinerdquo is less an exclusionary mechanism than a way to delimit a set of occupational categories on which to focus the research

The researchers used the Bureau of Labor Statistics 2000 Standard Occupational Classifi cation (SOC) System as the source for occupational categories The SOC offers important advantages it is comprehensive it is the federal government standard and it has a fl exible structure scaled from broad categories to detailed occupations It also links to key resources such as the Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Employment Statistics dataset and the Occupational Outlook Handbook and has a pre-built crosswalk to the Census 2000 databank where a wealth of job title detail (more than 31000 titles) is available to fl esh out the SOC data

A review of the complete SOC listing of 23 major categories covering all occupations resulted in the identifi cation of eight categories that constitute all health and health care occupations From this group key health care and human services occupations outside the scope of the criteria defi ned for this researchmdashoccupations with little or no direct patient or client contact research-based occupations and sales- and retail-focused occupationsmdashwere eliminated The remaining occupational groups were reviewed and further delineated using the Census 2000 job title database then cross-referenced using several sources including civil service occupation listings from the federal government and four states (California Texas New York and New Jersey) The result is a working universe of 78 occupational groups and more than 840 Census 2000 job titles encompassing a full range of direct care providers from registered nurses and surgeons to various health care support and technical roles

The researchers then identifi ed and categorized the frontline health and health care delivery occupations that are a subset of the larger universe of all health and health care delivery occupations Following a review of the preliminary available occupational data the following criteria were developed as defi ning characteristics of frontline workers

bull provide a high level of direct patientclient care or care delivery support services

bull require educational training of a bachelorrsquos degree or below and

bull earn annual wages of $40000 or less

The researchers then excluded from the larger set of health and health care delivery occupations those that do not meet these criteria Exceptions were made for a few occupational groups Social workers and counselors are included although many do have a masterrsquos degree and two allied health roles (radiologic technologiststechnicians and occupational health and safety specialists) are included despite median annual earnings slightly more than $40000 In these cases it was determined that the occupa-tional categories fi t the overall defi nition and characteristics of the frontline workforce and should therefore be included

Appendix A

Extended Methodology and Data Availability

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 133

Initially a preliminary report was released that profi led 20 frontline workforce occupational groups and included federal level employment and wage data along with some secondary research presented as narrative overviews This report details how the frontline workforce was defi ned and offers both quantitative and qualitative information on each of the profi led occupational groups in an effort to enhance understanding of the environment and challenges each faces (Solomon Schindel OrsquoNeil and Cherner Defi ning the Frontline Workforce Princeton NJ The Robert Wood Johnson Foundation September 2005) For this chartbook that preliminary set of 20 occupational groups was expanded to 32 Many allied health rolesmdashleft out of the preliminary report due to the notion that suffi cient information on those roles was already availablemdashhave been included here to provide a more comprehensive profi le of the total frontline workforce

National Level Data Availability

Employment Projections

The researchers gathered data on 2002 occupational employment and 2012 occupa-tional employment projections through Bureau of Labor Statistics and individual state labor market information sources These projections refl ect

bull anticipated growth rates of frontline occupations

bull projected job openings due to occupational growth

bull projected job openings due to ldquoreplacementsrdquo (workers retiring leaving the profession or leaving employment altogether) and

bull ldquototal average annual job openingsrdquo (total number of job openings due to both growth and replacements needs)

Based on this data the researchers analyzed and compared growth ratepercentage total average annual job openings and the percentage of openings due to growth and to replacement needs

Wage Outlook

Using the Bureau of Labor Statistics November 2004 wage estimates along with the archived 2000 wage estimates the researchers gathered data on mean annual wages the 2000ndash2004 wage gain and the 10th to 90th percentile wage range for each occupation The researchers were then able to determine the wage outlook for each occupation and compared our fi ndings across the workforce noting where and how occupations varied in terms of wages and earning potential

Demographics

The demographic data available for frontline occupations are limited The Bureau of Labor Statistics does provide some data on gender and racial breakdown within occupations but much of the information is aggregated across several occupational categories For instance demographics are available for the occupational category representing all ldquodiagnostic and related health diagnosing technologists and techni-ciansrdquo which includes several frontline allied health roles as well as a few non-frontline occupations but they are not available for particular frontline job titles

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nd D

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Ava

ilability

134 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

within that occupational category Thus it is not possible to use those demographics to make specifi c analyses based on particular occupations Instead higher-level demographics are used in this chartbook to offer insight into the frontline workforce as a whole and how selected occupational categories compare in terms of their percentage of minority workers

Educational Training Level

The data on educational training level are also somewhat limited but the researchers used the Bureau of Labor Statistics Occupational Projections and Training Data standard educational training level classifi cations to identify the most signifi cant training and educational pathways to employment for particular frontline occupations These data defi ne 11 categories of educational training Frontline workforce occupa-tions can be categorized into six of these educational training levels

bull short-term on-the-job training (up to 1 month)

bull moderate-term on-the-job training (1 to 12 months)

bull postsecondary vocational award

bull associate degree

bull bachelorrsquos degree and

bull masterrsquos degree

Although these classifi cations are somewhat general they are assigned to particular occupations and are not aggregated across multiple occupational categories as a result researchers can compare and look for patterns based on the standard educational training for occupations represented in this workforce

Workplace Distribution

The researchers gathered federal level data on the workplace distribution for workers in frontline occupations showing the percentage breakdown in different work settings However there are more than 25 ldquosettingsrdquo categories that include not only actual settings (such as medical laboratories psychiatric and substance abuse hospitals and physician offi ces) but also more descriptive settings with affi liated employees (such as home health care services and federal government institutions) Because there are so many workplace designations there is a great deal of distribution and it is not possible to draw any signifi cant inferences or analyses However some points of interest are included as additional fi ndings in the occupational profi les beginning on page 27

State Level Data Availability

One of the primary purposes of this chartbook is to provide a view of the occupa-tional outlook for the frontline workforce at the state level in addition to the national level State variation (or lack of variation) is highlighted for key data such as per capita employment average occupational wage and occupational wage gains for the frontline occupations To keep state-level data consistent with national-level data the researchers used occupational data from each statersquos labor market information online data sources

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Ava

ilability

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 135

Employment Projections

Each state labor market information resource presents data in slightly different ways although the majority provide occupational employment projection data aligned with the federal Bureau of Labor Statistics Standard Occupational Classifi cation (SOC) If a state provided no occupational projection data the researchers used the American Labor Market Information System (ALMIS) Web site (wwwprojectionscentralcom) This resource stores and maintains labor market economic and occupational data and is maintained jointly by the states and the United States Department of Laborrsquos Employment and Training Administration (ETA) In some cases states maintain infor-mation in ALMIS that is not accessible on a separate state labor market information Web site Some states did not have employment data for some of the occupations in the frontline workforce because the occupational population has been too small to track (indicated in the data tables with ldquonardquo) Data were also gathered on the total population for each state and per capita employment for each occupation by state was calculated

In our total growth rate and average annual openings percentage calculations we have relied on the data as presented by the state labor market information sources andor the ALMIS web site In a limited number of instances this produced some atypical results which we have left in the Appendix B State by State Data Tables rather than attempt to amend source data

Wage Outlook

The researchers obtained state wage data from a database maintained by the Bureau of Labor Statistics Although the database did not include state-by-state employment projections it did provide some occupation-specifi c wage information (mentioned below) for each state As the researchers began gathering the data the November 2004 current wage data were released these data were used in the analyses For each occupation data were we on 2004 mean annual wage 2000ndash2004 wage gain and 10thndash90th percentile wage range across all 50 states Average state wage data for all occupations were also included in the analyses as a benchmark

Unavailable Data

Although state-level employment and wage outlook and trend data were available for the research team to gather and analyze there was no consistent source of state-level data on demographics educational training requirements or workplace distribution for frontline occupations Some state labor market information sources provided an overall gender and racial breakdown for the state workforce as a whole but these data were not available at the state level for particular occupations Demographic educational training or workplace distribution information available through studies or other publications is included as additional fi ndings in the occupational profi les beginning on page 27

Additional Data

To supplement the core data presented through this chartbook the researchers gathered additional data from relevant publications and reports Particularly salient data points or patterns from these secondary resources are included in the occupa-tional profi les

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136 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 137

Appendix B

TablesmdashOccupational Profi les State by State Data

Allied Health Roles

Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians 139

Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics 142

Medical Assistants 145

Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians 148

Medical Records and Health Information Technicians 151

Occupational Health and Safety Specialists 154

Pharmacy Technicians 157

Radiologic Technologists and Technicians 160

Respiratory Therapy Technicians 163

Surgical Technologists 166

Community and Public Health Roles

Health Educators 169

Medical and Public Health Social Workers 172

Social and Human Services Assistants 175

Long-term Care Roles

Home Health Aides 178

Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants 181

Personal and Home Care Aides 184

Mental Health and Substance Abuse RolesMental Health Counselors 187

Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers 190

Psychiatric Aides 193

Psychiatric Technicians 196

Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors 199

Other Frontline Occupational Roles

Child Family and School Social Workers 202

Dental Assistants 205

Dietetic Technicians 208

Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses 211

Medical Transcriptionists 214

Occupational Therapist Assistants 217

Pharmacy Aides 220

Physical Therapist Aides 223

Physical Therapist Assistants 226

Recreational Therapists 229

Rehabilitation Counselors 232

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 379

Maryland 241

North Dakota 230

South Carolina 224

West Virginia 224

Michigan 211

South Dakota 200

Kentucky 198

Alabama 196

Louisiana 194

Massachusetts 193

Pennsylvania 191

Nebraska 189

Florida 188

Tennessee 185

New York 184

Connecticut 176

Nevada 166

Maine 164

New Jersey 163

Indiana 162

Oklahoma 161

Montana 159

Rhode Island 159

Mississippi 154

Virginia 151

Ohio 146

Illinois 145

New Hampshire 144

Minnesota 143

Delaware 136

Hawaii 130

Georgia 126

Iowa 126

North Carolina 124

Kansas 122

Oregon 119

Colorado 118

Utah 116

Wisconsin 114

Missouri 113

Washington 110

Arkansas 109

Texas 108

California 94

Arizona 92

New Mexico 81

Idaho 61

Alaska 50

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 667

Pennsylvania 536

Washington 533

Utah 500

Kentucky 469

Connecticut 467

Oklahoma 467

South Carolina 467

Colorado 464

Oregon 450

Alabama 429

Massachusetts 429

North Dakota 429

Illinois 415

New York 412

Nebraska 400

Michigan 396

Maryland 391

Ohio 378

Kansas 375

New Jersey 375

Missouri 367

Tennessee 364

Arkansas 353

California 353

Virginia 351

Louisiana 350

West Virginia 348

Delaware 333

Idaho 333

Iowa 333

Minnesota 333

Rhode Island 333

South Dakota 333

Texas 310

Maine 308

Indiana 300

Montana 300

Nevada 300

Florida 289

Georgia 286

North Carolina 286

Mississippi 267

New Hampshire 250

Wisconsin 250

Arizona 237

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

New Mexico NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Idaho 598

Nevada 583

Arizona 572

Colorado 566

Utah 519

Mississippi 492

Montana 483

New Hampshire 478

Georgia 472

North Carolina 456

Kansas 455

Florida 430

Texas 426

Maine 404

Wisconsin 403

New Mexico 400

Arkansas 395

West Virginia 384

South Dakota 382

Delaware 364

Minnesota 362

New Jersey 357

Indiana 350

Tennessee 346

Alaska 344

Rhode Island 341

California 333

Virginia 333

North Dakota 315

Ohio 305

Louisiana 299

Maryland 298

Missouri 297

Michigan 292

Massachusetts 290

Oklahoma 286

Iowa 284

Nebraska 281

New York 276

Illinois 263

Connecticut 262

Hawaii 250

Oregon 238

Kentucky 212

Washington 209

Alabama 205

South Carolina 174

Pennsylvania 165

District of Columbia 107

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

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ians

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 139

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Maine $29900 $42710 428

Alabama 27920 39330 409

Nevada 31060 42430 366

Indiana 26790 35680 332

North Dakota 25470 33720 324

Virginia 32910 43010 307

New Jersey 36710 47970 307

Mississippi 28110 36740 307

Nebraska 31170 40490 299

Rhode Island 34130 43610 278

Alaska 42150 53620 272

Texas 31300 39240 254

Tennessee 27950 34850 247

Oregon 36280 45040 241

Washington 42520 52650 238

New Mexico 34230 42030 228

Pennsylvania 31330 38480 228

North Carolina 33430 40630 215

Georgia 29920 36360 215

Idaho 31480 38180 213

Michigan 37270 44970 207

Wisconsin 33110 39820 203

Iowa 30420 36330 194

Colorado 35050 41800 193

Kansas 33300 39680 192

California 40180 47760 189

Arkansas 33090 39170 184

Massachusetts 41090 47280 151

New Hampshire 41720 47900 148

Ohio 35340 40290 140

Missouri 30850 34980 134

Illinois 34160 38670 132

Arizona 35080 39530 127

South Dakota 33090 37200 124

District of Columbia 39590 44440 123

Maryland 39860 43460 90

Florida 33090 36060 90

Hawaii 39130 42340 82

New York 41270 44260 72

West Virginia 33410 35150 52

Louisiana 31250 32780 49

Connecticut 42020 43570 37

Oklahoma 28030 29050 36

Montana 39140 38640 -13

Kentucky 35930 35420 -14

South Carolina 41770 39450 -56

Delaware 37520 NA NA

Minnesota NA 41550 NA

Utah 35230 NA NA

Vermont $32440 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Washington $52650 $40860

Alaska 53620 42170

New Hampshire 47900 37450

Arkansas 39170 29560

Maine 42710 33480

New Mexico 42030 33000

Montana 38640 29880

Nevada 42430 34300

South Dakota 37200 29080

Mississippi 36740 28630

Oregon 45040 36980

South Carolina 39450 31940

Nebraska 40490 33060

Alabama 39330 31940

North Carolina 40630 34120

Kansas 39680 33780

California 47760 41980

Hawaii 42340 36750

Idaho 38180 32770

Michigan 44970 39590

Rhode Island 43610 38240

New Jersey 47970 43040

West Virginia 35150 30470

Arizona 39530 34880

Wisconsin 39820 35240

Ohio 40290 35910

Iowa 36330 31990

Texas 39240 35310

Virginia 43010 39130

Kentucky 35420 32170

North Dakota 33720 30620

Pennsylvania 38480 35970

Florida 36060 33750

Tennessee 34850 32730

Maryland 43460 41360

Colorado 41800 39820

Massachusetts 47280 45290

Indiana 35680 33820

Minnesota 41550 39840

Louisiana 32780 31230

New York 44260 43590

Georgia 36360 35840

Missouri 34980 34460

Illinois 38670 38580

Connecticut 43570 44400

Oklahoma 29050 31150

District of Columbia 44440 57980

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140 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Alabama $17960 $70300 2914

Louisiana 16510 54900 2325

Virginia 22120 69330 2134

Mississippi 18320 56840 2103

Arizona 23320 70750 2034

Oklahoma 16860 50170 1976

Massachusetts 25230 73730 1922

Oregon 23950 68120 1844

Missouri 19660 55490 1822

Idaho 21100 59170 1804

Maine 22330 62330 1791

Georgia 20410 56380 1762

Tennessee 19910 54810 1753

Indiana 20370 56060 1752

Kentucky 20110 55300 1750

Texas 21340 58310 1732

Florida 20290 55320 1726

South Dakota 20480 55460 1708

Colorado 24250 65500 1701

Connecticut 25140 67060 1667

North Dakota 19800 52640 1659

Illinois 22210 58390 1629

South Carolina 22220 58220 1620

Pennsylvania 22140 57430 1594

Rhode Island 25260 64150 1540

Montana 22630 56710 1506

North Carolina 23540 58780 1497

Kansas 22500 56120 1494

New Hampshire 27660 67570 1443

New York 26480 64600 1440

Nebraska 23690 57680 1435

Hawaii 25660 62400 1432

California 28760 69890 1430

Alaska 30780 74480 1420

Arkansas 23510 56880 1419

Wisconsin 24210 57810 1388

New Mexico 23980 57220 1386

Minnesota 25410 59330 1335

New Jersey 30070 69260 1303

Maryland 25980 59090 1274

Ohio 25030 55780 1229

Washington 32280 71580 1217

Nevada 26350 57580 1185

District of Columbia 27850 60550 1174

Michigan 27940 59830 1141

West Virginia 21660 45980 1123

Iowa 23910 49270 1061

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 141

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 1086

Colorado 486

Nevada 443

New Mexico 402

Utah 389

Minnesota 382

New Hampshire 378

Virginia 362

Texas 357

Mississippi 348

Alabama 341

Kansas 335

Vermont 332

Montana 325

Arkansas 323

California 321

Georgia 314

Pennsylvania 305

New Jersey 302

Oklahoma 298

Florida 292

Louisiana 290

Alaska 286

Kentucky 283

Wisconsin 281

Missouri 276

South Dakota 275

Ohio 275

North Dakota 272

Rhode Island 258

West Virginia 244

North Carolina 244

Delaware 241

New York 241

Idaho 240

Indiana 235

Illinois 230

Maryland 230

South Carolina 217

Maine 210

Hawaii 208

Nebraska 208

Tennessee 208

Washington 198

Iowa 196

Wyoming 167

Massachusetts 161

Oregon 159

Connecticut 129

Michigan 127

District of Columbia 00

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 1000

Massachusetts 608

Oregon 600

Wyoming 600

Hawaii 500

Connecticut 486

Michigan 474

Colorado 466

Alaska 450

Kansas 430

Washington 425

Iowa 417

Nebraska 385

South Carolina 367

Tennessee 364

Maine 347

Illinois 333

Indiana 333

Rhode Island 333

West Virginia 329

Maryland 327

Idaho 325

New York 324

Louisiana 307

North Carolina 304

Delaware 300

Wisconsin 300

Missouri 295

Ohio 295

New Jersey 294

Florida 289

Kentucky 288

North Dakota 286

Pennsylvania 274

South Dakota 273

California 267

Nevada 267

Arkansas 262

Alabama 259

Georgia 252

Montana 250

Utah 250

Mississippi 247

Oklahoma 244

Texas 243

New Hampshire 238

Virginia 238

Vermont 235

Minnesota 228

New Mexico 180

Arizona 97

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 1240

Maine 1165

North Dakota 1147

Pennsylvania 1129

West Virginia 1088

Kentucky 985

Missouri 938

Kansas 936

Wisconsin 903

Massachusetts 889

Tennessee 872

Idaho 848

Connecticut 807

Ohio 801

Georgia 794

North Carolina 765

South Dakota 756

Louisiana 748

Arkansas 709

Mississippi 700

Minnesota 685

Utah 677

Illinois 671

Iowa 670

New Hampshire 662

Oklahoma 654

Colorado 654

Alabama 640

Vermont 620

Montana 604

Maryland 604

Texas 562

Michigan 556

Indiana 554

New Mexico 550

Alaska 546

New York 546

Rhode Island 515

Florida 512

New Jersey 501

Oregon 483

Wyoming 481

Nevada 447

South Carolina 426

California 392

Hawaii 389

Washington 382

Virginia 362

Delaware 360

Arizona 284

Nebraska 225

Ap

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142 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

North Dakota $18510 $26960 457

Rhode Island 23240 33290 432

Maryland 26270 37260 418

Wyoming 17740 25060 413

Hawaii 25980 35960 384

Utah 18970 26180 380

Alaska 29060 39020 343

Idaho 22860 30160 319

Massachusetts 26700 34810 304

Missouri 25050 31250 248

Michigan 23340 29010 243

New Hampshire 23170 28360 224

Arizona 21760 26610 223

Nebraska 21760 26570 221

Iowa 20430 24680 208

Kansas 17940 21590 203

Georgia 22100 26470 198

Vermont 20560 24590 196

New York 29290 34560 180

Indiana 22590 26490 173

New Jersey 27160 31650 165

Kentucky 19630 22820 163

Texas 22460 26040 159

Colorado 27680 31970 155

Maine 21440 24650 150

North Carolina 23900 27390 146

Ohio 23990 27410 143

Mississippi 22200 25320 141

Washington 32080 36410 135

Arkansas 21460 24350 135

Pennsylvania 22550 25300 122

Louisiana 24320 27120 115

Virginia 23810 26550 115

New Mexico 26610 29610 113

South Carolina 24290 26980 111

South Dakota 21070 23210 102

Connecticut 29130 32030 100

Illinois 26960 29500 94

Florida 25810 28220 93

Montana 19400 21000 82

Minnesota 27550 29670 77

Tennessee 24500 25030 22

West Virginia 19580 19650 04

Wisconsin 22700 22380 -14

Alabama 21600 21150 -21

California 29580 27460 -72

Oregon 35460 29260 -175

Delaware NA 30150 NA

District of Columbia NA 40800 NA

Nevada NA NA NA

Oklahoma 19580 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Hawaii $35960 $36750

Idaho 30160 32770

Alaska 39020 42170

Missouri 31250 34460

Mississippi 25320 28630

New Mexico 29610 33000

North Dakota 26960 30620

Louisiana 27120 31230

Maryland 37260 41360

Washington 36410 40860

Rhode Island 33290 38240

South Carolina 26980 31940

Arkansas 24350 29560

Florida 28220 33750

South Dakota 23210 29080

Nebraska 26570 33060

North Carolina 27390 34120

Iowa 24680 31990

Indiana 26490 33820

Wyoming 25060 32510

Oregon 29260 36980

Tennessee 25030 32730

Colorado 31970 39820

Utah 26180 34110

Arizona 26610 34880

Ohio 27410 35910

Maine 24650 33480

Montana 21000 29880

Delaware 30150 39050

New York 34560 43590

Illinois 29500 38580

New Hampshire 28360 37450

Texas 26040 35310

Kentucky 22820 32170

Georgia 26470 35840

Vermont 24590 34650

Minnesota 29670 39840

Massachusetts 34810 45290

Michigan 29010 39590

Pennsylvania 25300 35970

Alabama 21150 31940

West Virginia 19650 30470

New Jersey 31650 43040

Kansas 21590 33780

Connecticut 32030 44400

Virginia 26550 39130

Wisconsin 22380 35240

California 27460 41980

District of Columbia 40800 57980

Nevada NA 34300

Oklahoma NA 31150

Ap

pend

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merg

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medic

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 143

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Maryland $17210 $67040 2895

Washington 13160 44120 2353

Hawaii 15810 52150 2299

Massachusetts 15060 45890 2047

New York 17470 51340 1939

Rhode Island 12020 35260 1933

Connecticut 13770 40270 1924

Colorado 13800 39970 1896

New Jersey 12130 35020 1887

Missouri 17520 47780 1727

Idaho 12040 32690 1715

Delaware 19750 52940 1681

Minnesota 16180 43210 1671

New Mexico 21240 56310 1651

Illinois 16120 42730 1651

Oregon 17120 45380 1651

Michigan 17050 44660 1619

New Hampshire 14800 38360 1592

Florida 16790 43440 1587

California 15330 39390 1569

Ohio 14450 35570 1462

North Carolina 14430 35400 1453

Louisiana 12990 31860 1453

South Carolina 18580 45510 1449

North Dakota 15900 37740 1374

Arizona 12370 29200 1361

Nebraska 15870 37070 1336

Virginia 16770 39090 1331

Indiana 20180 46550 1307

Georgia 15560 35610 1289

Utah 20850 47290 1268

Texas 19870 44560 1243

Mississippi 22920 50680 1211

Pennsylvania 18930 41510 1193

Wyoming 16400 35920 1190

Tennessee 16880 36560 1166

Iowa 16490 35520 1154

Maine 12560 26870 1139

Vermont 17870 38150 1135

Arkansas 21350 44690 1093

South Dakota 19380 40280 1078

Kentucky 17880 37060 1073

Wisconsin 15930 32010 1009

Kansas 17890 35500 984

Alabama 18750 37090 978

Montana 22850 43530 905

West Virginia 17860 32570 824

Nevada 31610 52150 650

Oklahoma 23900 37140 554

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144 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Total Growth

State Percentage

Idaho 810

Arizona 785

Wyoming 727

Arkansas 718

Utah 694

Kansas 690

Georgia 686

Virginia 686

New Hampshire 676

Tennessee 650

Maine 643

New Mexico 638

Colorado 633

Texas 622

New Jersey 622

Nevada 615

Kentucky 614

North Carolina 609

Florida 591

South Dakota 587

Wisconsin 581

Missouri 577

Indiana 563

Maryland 534

Montana 533

Ohio 524

Alabama 513

Vermont 512

Mississippi 510

Oklahoma 504

Louisiana 502

Delaware 500

Massachusetts 491

Minnesota 489

West Virginia 477

Iowa 475

Rhode Island 474

Alaska 472

Connecticut 466

California 460

Pennsylvania 459

New York 449

South Carolina 446

Illinois 445

Michigan 444

Hawaii 443

North Dakota 383

Nebraska 312

District of Columbia 312

Oregon 238

Washington 203

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Oregon 552

Washington 494

Colorado 466

Alaska 375

Nebraska 372

North Dakota 364

District of Columbia 362

Massachusetts 351

Hawaii 304

South Carolina 295

Michigan 294

Illinois 294

New York 292

California 287

Pennsylvania 287

Iowa 286

West Virginia 283

Connecticut 280

Louisiana 279

Kansas 279

Vermont 278

Rhode Island 277

Minnesota 274

Delaware 271

Alabama 271

Mississippi 268

Ohio 261

Oklahoma 258

Maryland 258

Indiana 254

Montana 254

Missouri 242

Florida 237

South Dakota 235

Wisconsin 234

New Jersey 233

Kentucky 232

Nevada 232

North Carolina 231

Texas 229

Maine 223

New Mexico 221

Tennessee 218

New Hampshire 217

Georgia 213

Virginia 212

Utah 207

Arkansas 202

Wyoming 200

Arizona 191

Idaho 189

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Hawaii 2908

Arizona 2013

Texas 1945

Nebraska 1728

District of Columbia 1690

Michigan 1566

Florida 1532

South Carolina 1503

Kentucky 1476

California 1449

Ohio 1443

Washington 1434

Oregon 1430

Rhode Island 1430

Utah 1423

Tennessee 1371

Connecticut 1347

Pennsylvania 1337

Oklahoma 1307

Georgia 1303

New Jersey 1294

Colorado 1285

Indiana 1281

New Mexico 1251

Maine 1211

Missouri 1203

South Dakota 1165

Maryland 1127

Wisconsin 1123

Delaware 1067

New York 1065

Minnesota 1036

Nevada 1021

Kansas 1010

Virginia 991

North Carolina 978

Montana 962

Louisiana 929

Massachusetts 898

Vermont 837

New Hampshire 829

Alaska 827

West Virginia 826

Alabama 761

Illinois 751

Iowa 721

Idaho 710

Mississippi 693

Arkansas 444

North Dakota 305

Wyoming 220

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 145

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Idaho $21950 $28430 295

Delaware 21570 27670 283

Rhode Island 22010 26650 211

Washington 25110 29870 190

New Mexico 20550 24440 189

West Virginia 17450 20650 183

Oklahoma 19510 23030 180

Nebraska 20450 24040 176

Hawaii 25160 29530 174

Wyoming 19150 22390 169

Arizona 21680 25150 160

South Dakota 19510 22560 156

Oregon 25290 29120 151

Colorado 24370 27890 144

Iowa 21990 24930 134

Massachusetts 27090 30690 133

Virginia 22980 25940 129

New Hampshire 24430 27530 127

Georgia 22660 25420 122

Wisconsin 24080 26890 117

Alabama 19850 22160 116

New Jersey 26060 28990 112

Michigan 23070 25640 111

Maryland 24110 26750 109

South Carolina 21490 23800 107

Indiana 23140 25550 104

Montana 21300 23420 100

Utah 20340 22280 95

Illinois 25830 28280 95

Kansas 20760 22720 94

North Carolina 23260 25250 86

Missouri 21620 23470 86

California 26870 29160 85

Maine 24390 26440 84

Minnesota 26150 28260 81

Ohio 22440 24160 77

Nevada 25000 26880 75

Florida 22640 24150 67

Kentucky 21720 23100 64

Mississippi 19190 20280 57

Louisiana 20310 21390 53

Arkansas 20270 21300 51

Texas 21210 22230 48

Tennessee 22270 23340 48

District of Columbia 30570 31640 35

Pennsylvania 23740 24560 35

Connecticut 29320 29920 20

North Dakota 21480 21840 17

New York 26720 27160 16

Alaska 31220 31370 05

Vermont 27210 26250 -35

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Idaho $28430 $32770

Montana 23420 29880

South Dakota 22560 29080

Maine 26440 33480

Iowa 24930 31990

Hawaii 29530 36750

Nevada 26880 34300

Oregon 29120 36980

Oklahoma 23030 31150

South Carolina 23800 31940

Arkansas 21300 29560

Indiana 25550 33820

Wisconsin 26890 35240

Mississippi 20280 28630

Vermont 26250 34650

New Mexico 24440 33000

North Dakota 21840 30620

North Carolina 25250 34120

Nebraska 24040 33060

Kentucky 23100 32170

Tennessee 23340 32730

Florida 24150 33750

Arizona 25150 34880

Alabama 22160 31940

West Virginia 20650 30470

Louisiana 21390 31230

New Hampshire 27530 37450

Wyoming 22390 32510

Illinois 28280 38580

Georgia 25420 35840

Alaska 31370 42170

Washington 29870 40860

Missouri 23470 34460

Kansas 22720 33780

Delaware 27670 39050

Pennsylvania 24560 35970

Minnesota 28260 39840

Rhode Island 26650 38240

Ohio 24160 35910

Utah 22280 34110

Colorado 27890 39820

California 29160 41980

Texas 22230 35310

Virginia 25940 39130

Michigan 25640 39590

New Jersey 28990 43040

Connecticut 29920 44400

Maryland 26750 41360

Massachusetts 30690 45290

New York 27160 43590

District of Columbia 31640 57980

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146 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

California $19340 $43360 1242

Illinois 19070 41980 1201

Idaho 18820 40880 1172

New Jersey 18950 40550 1140

Texas 14790 31020 1097

Virginia 18770 37620 1004

Alabama 15590 30590 962

Arkansas 15110 29320 940

New York 19180 36880 923

District of Columbia 22390 42730 908

Rhode Island 19510 36890 891

New Mexico 18120 34080 881

Missouri 16900 31760 879

Louisiana 15000 27970 865

Pennsylvania 17770 32940 854

Arizona 18500 34290 854

West Virginia 14720 27250 851

Colorado 19600 36200 847

Oregon 21270 39100 838

Maine 19240 35270 833

Maryland 19390 35200 815

Wyoming 15980 28530 785

North Carolina 18850 33450 775

Indiana 19110 33840 771

Mississippi 15000 26480 765

Nevada 19750 34840 764

Georgia 18800 33010 756

Kentucky 16850 29580 755

North Dakota 16170 28360 754

Tennessee 17700 31020 753

Washington 21980 38410 747

Florida 18430 32200 747

Iowa 18790 32750 743

Minnesota 20560 35600 732

Oklahoma 16860 28870 712

Alaska 23990 41000 709

Nebraska 18490 31550 706

Ohio 18580 31660 704

Delaware 21220 36090 701

Michigan 19520 32980 690

South Carolina 18220 30550 677

Wisconsin 20670 34270 658

Massachusetts 23540 38970 655

Vermont 20220 33320 648

Connecticut 23390 38440 643

Kansas 17820 29080 632

Hawaii 22630 36400 608

Montana 18270 29060 591

South Dakota 18400 27900 516

Utah 18280 27710 516

New Hampshire 22860 34460 507

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 147

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 528

Utah 375

Idaho 370

Nevada 329

Colorado 296

New Hampshire 286

New Mexico 274

Georgia 274

Virginia 271

Minnesota 268

Florida 255

Kansas 250

Wisconsin 250

Mississippi 248

North Carolina 246

Texas 246

Oregon 238

Tennessee 237

Maine 236

Arkansas 220

Montana 217

Alabama 211

Washington 206

New Jersey 205

Alaska 200

Maryland 195

Indiana 193

South Dakota 191

California 190

Oklahoma 160

Missouri 154

West Virginia 145

Massachusetts 143

Kentucky 139

Michigan 139

Vermont 138

Ohio 128

Hawaii 125

Louisiana 123

Iowa 120

Rhode Island 118

Wyoming 111

Nebraska 105

Illinois 100

North Dakota 98

Delaware 93

New York 84

South Carolina 79

Connecticut 69

Pennsylvania 61

District of Columbia 00

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 926

Arizona 874

Minnesota 764

Missouri 745

Pennsylvania 732

Massachusetts 675

South Carolina 675

Maryland 670

North Dakota 661

Tennessee 654

West Virginia 636

Alabama 625

Vermont 599

Utah 586

Kansas 575

North Carolina 571

Iowa 552

Washington 536

Georgia 535

Delaware 533

Indiana 531

Nebraska 530

Louisiana 527

Arkansas 516

New Jersey 513

South Dakota 509

Ohio 494

Mississippi 480

Oklahoma 467

New York 467

Texas 458

Kentucky 455

Hawaii 454

Maine 453

New Mexico 453

Michigan 452

Florida 415

Colorado 414

Illinois 410

Oregon 406

Rhode Island 396

Wisconsin 382

Connecticut 376

Virginia 368

California 360

Nevada 337

Alaska 312

Montana 299

New Hampshire 241

Idaho 223

Wyoming 180

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 1000

Hawaii 1000

Pennsylvania 817

South Carolina 800

Connecticut 775

New York 750

Illinois 728

Delaware 706

Nebraska 706

Iowa 692

Rhode Island 688

Ohio 679

Louisiana 678

Vermont 667

Michigan 659

Kentucky 658

West Virginia 646

Missouri 639

Oklahoma 629

Massachusetts 622

South Dakota 611

Alaska 600

New Jersey 600

California 586

Washington 581

Indiana 580

Maryland 576

Montana 571

Arkansas 559

Alabama 556

Wisconsin 545

New Mexico 540

Maine 533

Tennessee 526

Texas 524

Mississippi 521

North Carolina 520

Oregon 514

Florida 508

Georgia 500

Minnesota 500

Virginia 497

Kansas 494

New Hampshire 471

Colorado 444

Utah 444

Idaho 421

Nevada 375

Arizona 338

North Dakota 267

Wyoming NA

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148 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Illinois $28780 $37200 293

Louisiana 23610 29230 238

Georgia 24420 30050 231

New Hampshire 33710 41100 219

Virginia 26200 31550 204

West Virginia 25430 30480 199

Kentucky 27080 32400 196

Iowa 26440 31620 196

Wisconsin 28820 34220 187

Florida 26170 31040 186

Missouri 24620 29170 185

Indiana 26980 31790 178

Mississippi 24110 28290 173

Nebraska 24960 29220 171

North Carolina 26700 31260 171

New York 32750 38080 163

Minnesota 31300 36170 156

Arizona 25750 29460 144

Kansas 25280 28850 141

Hawaii 31280 35520 136

Colorado 29510 33500 135

New Jersey 34080 38660 134

Tennessee 24830 28060 130

Alaska 39180 44070 125

Michigan 29070 32650 123

Maryland 32340 36290 122

Arkansas 25880 28920 117

California 33590 37200 107

Maine 28590 31620 106

Ohio 27730 30660 106

South Dakota 25450 28140 106

Alabama 25540 28130 101

Pennsylvania 30430 33300 94

Oregon 32920 35940 92

Massachusetts 33230 36180 89

Oklahoma 25050 27130 83

South Carolina 28870 31210 81

Rhode Island 40160 43190 75

Texas 26610 28600 75

Wyoming 26790 28700 71

District of Columbia 32510 34780 70

Washington 30900 32820 62

Idaho 30160 31990 61

Montana 28110 29600 53

North Dakota 28540 29890 47

Connecticut 36540 37970 39

Delaware 28870 29610 26

New Mexico 33780 33810 01

Utah 24990 23460 -61

Nevada 34240 32100 -63

Vermont 28220 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Rhode Island $43190 $38240

New Hampshire 41100 37450

Alaska 44070 42170

New Mexico 33810 33000

Kentucky 32400 32170

West Virginia 30480 30470

Montana 29600 29880

Mississippi 28290 28630

Iowa 31620 31990

Arkansas 28920 29560

South Carolina 31210 31940

North Dakota 29890 30620

Idaho 31990 32770

South Dakota 28140 29080

Wisconsin 34220 35240

Oregon 35940 36980

Hawaii 35520 36750

Illinois 37200 38580

Maine 31620 33480

Louisiana 29230 31230

Indiana 31790 33820

Nevada 32100 34300

Pennsylvania 33300 35970

Florida 31040 33750

North Carolina 31260 34120

Minnesota 36170 39840

Alabama 28130 31940

Wyoming 28700 32510

Nebraska 29220 33060

Oklahoma 27130 31150

Puerto Rico 18020 22070

New Jersey 38660 43040

Tennessee 28060 32730

California 37200 41980

Kansas 28850 33780

Maryland 36290 41360

Ohio 30660 35910

Missouri 29170 34460

Arizona 29460 34880

New York 38080 43590

Georgia 30050 35840

Colorado 33500 39820

Connecticut 37970 44400

Texas 28600 35310

Michigan 32650 39590

Virginia 31550 39130

Washington 32820 40860

Massachusetts 36180 45290

Delaware 29610 39050

Utah 23460 34110

District of Columbia 34780 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 149

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Michigan $17120 $56980 2328

Idaho 20150 53770 1668

Rhode Island 26010 68100 1618

Illinois 22180 57060 1573

Delaware 17840 45640 1558

Louisiana 17910 45360 1533

Alaska 27300 66280 1428

New Mexico 21590 51910 1404

California 23560 56350 1392

New Hampshire 26730 63130 1362

Arizona 18700 44030 1355

Connecticut 24940 57740 1315

South Carolina 19380 44850 1314

Missouri 18820 43230 1297

Maryland 23650 54170 1290

Indiana 20120 45960 1284

Kansas 18610 42510 1284

Florida 19780 45100 1280

Oklahoma 17750 40200 1265

Georgia 19150 43280 1260

Nevada 20560 46280 1251

Mississippi 18260 40950 1243

Oregon 23460 52540 1240

Alabama 18570 41370 1228

West Virginia 19280 42940 1227

District of Columbia 22570 49930 1212

Virginia 20620 44960 1180

Wyoming 19460 42430 1180

Tennessee 18390 39390 1142

Massachusetts 24600 52030 1115

Pennsylvania 21640 45680 1111

New York 25840 54530 1110

Nebraska 19770 41600 1104

Colorado 22570 47380 1099

Kentucky 21580 44610 1067

Utah 16320 33560 1056

Arkansas 19660 40260 1048

Texas 19480 39860 1046

Maine 21240 43320 1040

Iowa 21450 43400 1023

North Carolina 21720 42930 977

Montana 20100 39080 944

Ohio 21840 41360 894

Wisconsin 24380 45830 880

New Jersey 27940 51830 855

Washington 24210 43530 798

North Dakota 22180 39300 772

South Dakota 20930 36880 762

Hawaii 26490 45890 732

Minnesota 27070 45690 688

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150 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 731

Nevada 670

Idaho 628

Georgia 599

Colorado 591

New Mexico 581

Utah 566

Texas 553

Tennessee 551

Kansas 551

Maine 546

Wisconsin 544

Virginia 529

Alaska 528

Florida 522

Arkansas 501

Minnesota 492

South Dakota 488

North Carolina 483

Alabama 461

Vermont 457

Montana 456

Massachusetts 451

Indiana 444

Maryland 429

New Jersey 417

Mississippi 415

Oklahoma 415

California 413

Hawaii 411

Iowa 402

Kentucky 398

Ohio 394

Missouri 389

Rhode Island 367

Delaware 367

Illinois 365

New York 356

North Dakota 354

Louisiana 349

West Virginia 348

Nebraska 340

South Carolina 317

Michigan 315

Connecticut 307

Wyoming 286

Pennsylvania 266

Oregon 249

New Hampshire 245

District of Columbia 201

Washington 192

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Oregon 517

New Hampshire 473

Colorado 466

Washington 436

District of Columbia 429

Wyoming 400

Pennsylvania 350

Hawaii 333

Massachusetts 330

Michigan 312

New Jersey 308

North Dakota 300

Nebraska 298

Kansas 292

South Carolina 290

West Virginia 286

Connecticut 283

Illinois 282

New York 281

Rhode Island 273

Ohio 267

Delaware 267

Kentucky 265

Louisiana 264

Maryland 260

Mississippi 260

Missouri 257

California 253

Alabama 250

Indiana 247

Iowa 238

Montana 235

North Carolina 235

Arkansas 228

Oklahoma 227

Minnesota 224

Vermont 222

Wisconsin 222

South Dakota 220

Virginia 213

Florida 213

Maine 213

Tennessee 211

New Mexico 210

Texas 208

Utah 200

Nevada 189

Georgia 186

Idaho 180

Arizona 164

Alaska 50

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

New Hampshire 1571

District of Columbia 1420

South Dakota 1051

North Dakota 948

Missouri 775

New Mexico 733

Kansas 730

Wisconsin 717

Massachusetts 702

Nebraska 688

Washington 686

Maine 683

Oregon 673

North Carolina 653

Mississippi 644

Minnesota 642

Iowa 641

Utah 625

Montana 619

Kentucky 616

Florida 614

Rhode Island 607

Oklahoma 588

Alaska 562

Ohio 557

Arizona 551

West Virginia 550

South Carolina 546

Indiana 523

Louisiana 511

Alabama 509

Nevada 503

Colorado 500

Illinois 500

Vermont 487

Pennsylvania 482

Michigan 480

Idaho 478

Tennessee 476

Georgia 461

Virginia 461

Hawaii 454

Arkansas 453

California 429

Wyoming 421

Texas 412

Maryland 402

Connecticut 396

Delaware 372

New York 336

New Jersey 280

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 151

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

District of Columbia $27140 $35890 322

New Jersey 28610 37350 305

Nevada 24370 31170 279

Wisconsin 22370 28130 257

Virginia 23460 28990 236

West Virginia 18880 23210 229

Maryland 26940 32870 220

Minnesota 24850 30280 219

Massachusetts 24880 30290 217

Arkansas 21810 26450 213

Delaware 23830 28530 197

Maine 21950 26270 197

Kentucky 22680 26850 184

Michigan 25510 30210 184

New York 27940 33030 182

Connecticut 29200 34390 178

North Dakota 20390 23950 175

Florida 23460 27380 167

Ohio 23680 27580 165

Indiana 22440 26120 164

Wyoming 22050 25650 163

Missouri 22430 26110 164

North Carolina 23130 26880 162

Idaho 21460 24850 158

Oklahoma 21300 24620 156

Mississippi 20440 23610 155

Montana 21100 24320 153

Alabama 19820 22840 152

Kansas 21900 25230 152

Pennsylvania 24920 28460 142

New Hampshire 24800 28330 142

South Dakota 22950 26210 142

Washington 26430 30170 142

Georgia 23890 27230 140

Colorado 27230 31010 139

Rhode Island 27550 31190 132

New Mexico 22610 25570 131

Tennessee 22010 24630 119

Illinois 23510 26140 112

Oregon 25960 28760 108

California 28740 31810 107

South Carolina 24390 26700 95

Texas 23450 25550 90

Nebraska 23860 25940 87

Iowa 22800 24770 86

Arizona 25200 27200 79

Alaska 30440 31470 34

Louisiana 22590 22440 -07

Hawaii 33080 31100 -60

Vermont 29900 28000 -64

Utah 21530 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

South Dakota $26210 $29080

Arkansas 26450 29560

Nevada 31170 34300

Mississippi 23610 28630

South Carolina 26700 31940

Kentucky 26850 32170

Montana 24320 29880

Hawaii 31100 36750

New Jersey 37350 43040

Florida 27380 33750

Oklahoma 24620 31150

Vermont 28000 34650

North Dakota 23950 30620

Wyoming 25650 32510

Rhode Island 31190 38240

Nebraska 25940 33060

Wisconsin 28130 35240

Maine 26270 33480

Iowa 24770 31990

North Carolina 26880 34120

West Virginia 23210 30470

New Mexico 25570 33000

Pennsylvania 28460 35970

Arizona 27200 34880

Indiana 26120 33820

Idaho 24850 32770

Tennessee 24630 32730

Oregon 28760 36980

Ohio 27580 35910

Missouri 26110 34460

Maryland 32870 41360

Kansas 25230 33780

Georgia 27230 35840

Colorado 31010 39820

Louisiana 22440 31230

Alabama 22840 31940

New Hampshire 28330 37450

Michigan 30210 39590

Minnesota 30280 39840

Texas 25550 35310

Connecticut 34390 44400

Virginia 28990 39130

California 31810 41980

Delaware 28530 39050

New York 33030 43590

Alaska 31470 42170

Washington 30170 40860

Illinois 26140 38580

Massachusetts 30290 45290

District of Columbia 35890 57980

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152 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Maryland $20280 $51010 1515

California 19480 48760 1503

Arkansas 16580 41320 1492

Kentucky 16670 41470 1488

South Carolina 17070 41960 1458

Louisiana 14290 34790 1435

Michigan 18960 45480 1399

Texas 16350 38400 1349

Virginia 18270 42500 1326

North Carolina 17810 41230 1315

Oklahoma 15540 35940 1313

New Jersey 23450 54130 1308

Alabama 15190 34970 1302

Missouri 17000 39060 1298

Pennsylvania 18490 42430 1295

Georgia 17650 40320 1284

New York 20400 46450 1277

West Virginia 15260 34470 1259

Connecticut 22590 50920 1254

Oregon 18620 41930 1252

Mississippi 15830 35610 1250

Florida 18310 41140 1247

Colorado 20080 44700 1226

Illinois 17200 37840 1200

Kansas 16810 36910 1196

District of Columbia 23950 52470 1191

New Hampshire 18950 41510 1191

Arizona 18370 40230 1190

Tennessee 16440 35880 1182

South Dakota 17760 38580 1172

Wisconsin 19210 41620 1167

Massachusetts 20080 43490 1166

New Mexico 16840 36430 1163

Iowa 16790 36230 1158

Rhode Island 20270 43520 1147

Minnesota 20150 43020 1135

Washington 20090 42890 1135

Nevada 20680 44070 1131

Hawaii 21790 46360 1128

Vermont 19000 39920 1101

Indiana 18170 37670 1073

Montana 16490 34180 1073

Ohio 18880 39090 1070

Nebraska 18220 37040 1033

Wyoming 18020 36270 1013

North Dakota 16860 33780 1004

Maine 18920 36950 953

Delaware 21120 39470 869

Idaho 18800 33570 786

Alaska 23840 42250 772

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 153

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Nebraska 376

Alaska 328

Kentucky 312

Vermont 290

Washington 280

Louisiana 261

Wyoming 260

Arkansas 246

District of Columbia 239

Oregon 216

Connecticut 199

Maine 194

Montana 193

Maryland 187

South Carolina 183

Texas 182

Minnesota 179

South Dakota 170

Kansas 170

Colorado 165

Ohio 164

West Virginia 160

Massachusetts 158

Missouri 151

Alabama 150

Utah 147

Virginia 144

Wisconsin 143

Nevada 143

New Hampshire 138

New York 136

Indiana 133

Hawaii 130

Idaho 125

Michigan 122

Pennsylvania 121

North Carolina 117

North Dakota 114

Oklahoma 106

California 100

Illinois 95

Georgia 95

Iowa 92

Florida 92

Mississippi 76

Rhode Island 75

Arizona 72

Tennessee 66

Delaware NA

New Mexico NA

New Jersey NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

North Dakota 1000

Tennessee 1000

Utah 1000

West Virginia 857

Connecticut 800

Wyoming 800

Pennsylvania 769

Alabama 750

Michigan 750

New York 750

Kansas 737

Indiana 733

Massachusetts 722

Virginia 719

Alaska 700

Georgia 700

Louisiana 700

Oregon 700

Ohio 695

Arkansas 682

District of Columbia 667

Kentucky 667

Maine 667

Montana 667

New Hampshire 667

Rhode Island 667

Wisconsin 667

Missouri 633

Washington 633

Maryland 629

Minnesota 625

South Dakota 600

Illinois 591

Texas 586

Nebraska 583

Vermont 571

Mississippi 556

Nevada 550

California 533

Arizona 529

Florida 517

Idaho 500

Iowa 500

North Carolina 500

Oklahoma 500

Colorado 440

Delaware NA

Hawaii NA

New Jersey NA

New Mexico NA

South Carolina NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Nevada 290

Idaho 268

Utah 206

Arizona 205

California 200

Florida 190

Colorado 189

Wisconsin 179

North Carolina 175

Vermont 173

Mississippi 161

Nebraska 155

Wyoming 154

Illinois 153

Texas 152

Montana 136

Oklahoma 135

Minnesota 134

South Dakota 132

Maine 131

Washington 129

Missouri 128

Hawaii 125

Maryland 123

New Hampshire 119

Oregon 118

Iowa 111

Kentucky 110

Kansas 109

Arkansas 105

Alabama 104

Louisiana 103

Rhode Island 100

Massachusetts 99

Indiana 98

Ohio 96

Alaska 95

North Dakota 83

Virginia 83

Tennessee 79

Georgia 74

Michigan 73

New York 62

Pennsylvania 60

Connecticut 58

District of Columbia 37

South Carolina 13

West Virginia 07

Delaware NA

New Jersey NA

New Mexico NA

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154 Workers Who Care A 154

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Mississippi $32550 $48580 492

Arkansas 33370 48460 452

District of Columbia 53720 76790 429

Illinois 44190 63010 426

Wisconsin 36280 51570 421

Arizona 39770 56080 410

Rhode Island 43080 60280 399

Massachusetts 46360 64590 393

Maryland 44300 61170 381

New Mexico 36930 50690 373

Maine 40700 54400 337

Iowa 38790 51360 324

Tennessee 38590 50970 321

North Carolina 39530 51680 307

Louisiana 36680 47900 306

Georgia 42780 55290 292

Delaware 44990 58020 290

Hawaii 43450 55540 278

South Carolina 30050 38390 278

New Hampshire 47050 59370 262

Washington 47400 59450 254

Nebraska 39520 49420 251

Wyoming 48240 59460 233

Nevada 45470 55660 224

Montana 39930 48890 224

Indiana 41460 50730 224

Vermont 41220 50060 214

Texas 41400 50000 208

Pennsylvania 46740 56330 205

New York 48190 57810 200

Colorado 50350 60260 197

Kansas 37710 45100 196

New Jersey 48610 57720 187

South Dakota 41140 48500 179

Minnesota 49010 57460 172

Connecticut 48440 56630 169

Michigan 49130 56970 160

Kentucky 42780 49530 158

Ohio 43780 49950 141

California 52990 59980 132

Oregon 45200 51110 131

West Virginia 52030 58690 128

Missouri 43220 47520 99

Florida 47650 51860 88

Virginia 46930 50690 80

North Dakota 45330 48760 76

Utah 52140 52760 12

Alabama 48430 47860 -12

Alaska 72550 69920 -36

Oklahoma 51000 48950 -40

Idaho NA 57540 NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

West Virginia $58690 $30470

Alaska 69920 42170

Wyoming 59460 32510

Idaho 57540 32770

Illinois 63010 38580

Rhode Island 60280 38240

New Hampshire 59370 37450

Nevada 55660 34300

Arizona 56080 34880

Maine 54400 33480

Colorado 60260 39820

Pennsylvania 56330 35970

Mississippi 48580 28630

Maryland 61170 41360

Georgia 55290 35840

South Dakota 48500 29080

Iowa 51360 31990

Massachusetts 64590 45290

Montana 48890 29880

Delaware 58020 39050

Arkansas 48460 29560

District of Columbia 76790 57980

Hawaii 55540 36750

Utah 52760 34110

Washington 59450 40860

Tennessee 50970 32730

North Dakota 48760 30620

Florida 51860 33750

California 59980 41980

Oklahoma 48950 31150

New Mexico 50690 33000

Minnesota 57460 39840

North Carolina 51680 34120

Michigan 56970 39590

Kentucky 49530 32170

Indiana 50730 33820

Louisiana 47900 31230

Nebraska 49420 33060

Wisconsin 51570 35240

Alabama 47860 31940

Vermont 50060 34650

New Jersey 57720 43040

Texas 50000 35310

New York 57810 43590

Oregon 51110 36980

Ohio 49950 35910

Missouri 47520 34460

Connecticut 56630 44400

Virginia 50690 39130

Kansas 45100 33780

South Carolina 38390 31940

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 155

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Georgia $25560 $87400 2419

Oklahoma 24200 79280 2276

Louisiana 22230 69910 2145

Alabama 24760 76250 2080

Indiana 27450 84120 2064

Mississippi 25130 75640 2010

Illinois 29930 88790 1967

Texas 26610 78870 1964

Tennessee 26710 77310 1894

Ohio 27790 77000 1771

New Mexico 26220 71660 1733

Pennsylvania 32160 85780 1667

Colorado 33650 87990 1615

Nebraska 30270 78460 1592

Kansas 29280 75450 1577

Missouri 27730 70770 1552

Idaho 35550 90720 1552

Wyoming 35650 88510 1483

California 35640 87000 1441

Arizona 34540 83620 1421

South Carolina 23160 55650 1403

Virginia 31600 75260 1382

New York 36070 84810 1351

Michigan 36370 83820 1305

Maryland 37450 86280 1304

Hawaii 36260 82290 1269

West Virginia 38350 86860 1265

Iowa 31130 70470 1264

New Hampshire 37640 85200 1264

North Dakota 31910 72070 1259

Utah 32620 73240 1245

Connecticut 36970 82080 1220

North Carolina 34300 76000 1216

Massachusetts 40070 88560 1210

Nevada 34960 77220 1209

Wisconsin 33670 73140 1172

Montana 33720 72930 1163

Kentucky 31570 68250 1162

Florida 34030 73420 1158

New Jersey 37580 80810 1150

Alaska 46530 98010 1106

Oregon 34960 72230 1066

Delaware 38930 79770 1049

District of Columbia 51690 104710 1026

Rhode Island 42410 85560 1017

Arkansas 33110 64770 956

Washington 42620 83210 952

Maine 38140 73560 929

South Dakota 36470 69110 895

Minnesota 40110 74590 860

Vermont 36840 67160 823

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156 Workers Who Care A 156

Total Growth

State Percentage

Nevada 624

Alaska 583

Utah 554

Colorado 515

Idaho 506

Arizona 495

Wyoming 455

Delaware 443

Kansas 399

New Hampshire 391

Mississippi 389

Montana 382

New Mexico 350

Texas 340

North Carolina 333

Vermont 332

Florida 315

California 312

Oregon 306

Georgia 298

Wisconsin 293

South Dakota 289

Alabama 289

Oklahoma 288

Maine 287

Arkansas 284

New Jersey 280

Virginia 274

Minnesota 269

Missouri 267

Maryland 266

Nebraska 265

Iowa 257

Kentucky 253

Louisiana 245

Tennessee 244

Massachusetts 240

Illinois 237

Ohio 236

West Virginia 221

Indiana 220

South Carolina 213

Connecticut 206

North Dakota 205

Michigan 205

Hawaii 202

Pennsylvania 191

New York 190

Washington 179

Rhode Island 179

District of Columbia 50

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 750

Massachusetts 519

Oregon 505

Colorado 467

Washington 423

New York 419

Rhode Island 419

Pennsylvania 406

Kansas 400

North Dakota 400

South Carolina 400

Michigan 391

Indiana 388

West Virginia 377

Illinois 356

Ohio 356

Tennessee 351

Connecticut 350

Louisiana 350

Kentucky 340

Hawaii 333

New Jersey 333

Minnesota 330

Maryland 329

Nebraska 327

Missouri 324

Virginia 322

Maine 318

Iowa 316

Arkansas 315

Wisconsin 313

Georgia 312

Oklahoma 309

Alabama 303

Alaska 300

New Mexico 300

South Dakota 300

Florida 297

California 293

North Carolina 290

Texas 279

Vermont 278

Montana 259

Mississippi 256

New Hampshire 244

Delaware 235

Idaho 211

Arizona 207

Nevada 176

Utah 167

Wyoming 00

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Oregon 1010

West Virginia 956

Missouri 937

South Dakota 934

Rhode Island 926

Kentucky 918

Alabama 897

Minnesota 879

Florida 870

Ohio 860

Michigan 844

Tennessee 841

Iowa 830

North Carolina 813

Maine 810

Pennsylvania 809

Texas 806

Nevada 800

Arkansas 796

District of Columbia 783

Illinois 774

Indiana 766

Oklahoma 765

South Carolina 765

Nebraska 764

Hawaii 761

Delaware 757

Virginia 729

Utah 724

Massachusetts 722

Connecticut 717

Maryland 704

Georgia 703

Louisiana 701

Wisconsin 697

Washington 691

New Hampshire 677

Idaho 660

New Mexico 647

Vermont 624

Mississippi 603

New Jersey 583

Kansas 582

Alaska 562

Montana 560

California 532

Arizona 525

Colorado 522

New York 502

North Dakota 484

Wyoming 441

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 157

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

District of Columbia $23620 $31190 320

Connecticut 22020 28000 272

Alabama 17090 21520 259

Arizona 21030 26350 253

Maine 19080 23870 251

Rhode Island 20160 25140 247

Louisiana 18310 22810 246

Georgia 19390 24120 244

Maryland 21530 26740 242

Nebraska 19800 24460 235

New York 21500 26490 232

Texas 20800 25580 230

Kansas 19620 24040 225

Virginia 19550 23840 219

North Dakota 20570 25070 219

North Carolina 19060 23120 213

Massachusetts 22040 26640 209

Michigan 21180 25440 201

Alaska 27470 32710 191

Montana 21900 26060 190

South Carolina 20090 23830 186

New Mexico 22040 26150 186

Wyoming 21970 25930 180

Ohio 19580 23100 180

Minnesota 23240 27250 173

Indiana 20180 23660 172

New Hampshire 19960 23380 171

Illinois 20920 24480 170

Idaho 21860 25560 169

Nevada 25200 29440 168

Washington 27010 31480 165

Wisconsin 20450 23770 162

Oregon 25310 29370 160

Mississippi 18770 21710 157

New Jersey 21160 24440 155

Oklahoma 18850 21620 147

Arkansas 17830 20450 147

Missouri 19060 21790 143

Tennessee 20540 23410 140

South Dakota 21710 24740 140

Utah 23690 26990 139

West Virginia 18250 20710 135

Iowa 20280 22590 114

Florida 20160 22360 109

Colorado 25780 28590 109

Hawaii 24860 27550 108

Kentucky 20000 22030 102

Pennsylvania 19380 21300 99

California 30660 33090 79

Vermont 21160 22760 76

Delaware 18990 20270 67

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Montana $26060 $29880

South Dakota 24740 29080

Nevada 29440 34300

North Dakota 25070 30620

Virgin Islands 22530 28340

Wyoming 25930 32510

New Mexico 26150 33000

Mississippi 21710 28630

Utah 26990 34110

Idaho 25560 32770

Oregon 29370 36980

South Carolina 23830 31940

Louisiana 22810 31230

Arizona 26350 34880

Nebraska 24460 33060

California 33090 41980

Arkansas 20450 29560

Hawaii 27550 36750

Tennessee 23410 32730

Washington 31480 40860

Iowa 22590 31990

Alaska 32710 42170

Oklahoma 21620 31150

Maine 23870 33480

Kansas 24040 33780

Texas 25580 35310

West Virginia 20710 30470

Kentucky 22030 32170

Indiana 23660 33820

Alabama 21520 31940

North Carolina 23120 34120

Colorado 28590 39820

Florida 22360 33750

Wisconsin 23770 35240

Georgia 24120 35840

Vermont 22760 34650

Minnesota 27250 39840

Missouri 21790 34460

Ohio 23100 35910

Rhode Island 25140 38240

New Hampshire 23380 37450

Illinois 24480 38580

Michigan 25440 39590

Maryland 26740 41360

Pennsylvania 21300 35970

Virginia 23840 39130

Connecticut 28000 44400

New York 26490 43590

New Jersey 24440 43040

Massachusetts 26640 45290

Delaware 20270 39050

District of Columbia 31190 57980

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158 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Rhode Island $14680 $36690 1499

New York 16740 38630 1308

Delaware 13540 30590 1259

Georgia 16160 34090 1110

Kentucky 14890 31250 1099

North Carolina 15580 32450 1083

Maryland 18620 38760 1082

Connecticut 18970 39480 1081

West Virginia 14250 29590 1076

Pennsylvania 14650 30400 1075

Vermont 15510 32020 1064

New Jersey 16750 34540 1062

Ohio 15690 32240 1055

New Mexico 18290 37160 1032

Wisconsin 16260 32580 1004

Tennessee 16300 31980 962

South Carolina 16660 32380 944

Missouri 15360 29650 930

Mississippi 15480 29840 928

Virginia 17020 32690 921

Hawaii 18720 35710 908

Louisiana 15900 30240 902

Massachusetts 19050 36210 901

Kansas 17460 32950 887

Maine 17050 32060 880

New Hampshire 16980 31850 876

Indiana 16880 31460 864

Illinois 18160 33730 857

Florida 16060 29770 854

Wyoming 18960 34840 838

Arizona 19220 35250 834

Michigan 18630 34010 826

California 24060 43620 813

Minnesota 19650 35570 810

Idaho 18690 33710 804

North Dakota 19340 34870 803

Alabama 15600 27990 794

Texas 18720 33580 794

Iowa 16350 29160 783

Colorado 20440 36160 769

Oklahoma 15880 28030 765

Nebraska 18500 32490 756

South Dakota 19030 33310 750

Arkansas 15450 26990 747

Montana 19610 34030 735

Alaska 24420 41870 715

District of Columbia 23990 40640 694

Oregon 21430 36110 685

Nevada 21770 36210 663

Utah 20650 34340 663

Washington 24130 39490 637

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 159

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 507

Idaho 460

Nevada 416

Utah 392

Colorado 364

Wyoming 346

New Mexico 323

North Carolina 315

Arkansas 314

Georgia 311

New Hampshire 308

Texas 300

Mississippi 299

Kansas 299

Florida 297

Virginia 278

Minnesota 277

Wisconsin 277

South Dakota 270

Alaska 267

Montana 254

New Jersey 246

Missouri 243

Oregon 240

Maine 232

Indiana 226

Tennessee 221

California 215

Alabama 214

Maryland 212

Delaware 204

Washington 201

West Virginia 198

Rhode Island 194

Ohio 186

Oklahoma 185

North Dakota 180

Iowa 180

Massachusetts 174

Hawaii 167

Nebraska 165

New York 164

Connecticut 153

Louisiana 149

Vermont 147

Michigan 128

Kentucky 122

Illinois 122

South Carolina 70

Pennsylvania 64

District of Columbia 26

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 833

South Carolina 750

Pennsylvania 743

Illinois 608

Kentucky 604

Michigan 589

Vermont 583

Louisiana 580

Massachusetts 555

Connecticut 550

Iowa 538

Nebraska 538

New York 526

Oklahoma 525

Hawaii 500

North Dakota 500

Ohio 500

Washington 500

Rhode Island 485

West Virginia 481

Delaware 476

Oregon 475

Maryland 472

Tennessee 469

California 466

Indiana 459

Alabama 458

Colorado 458

Missouri 447

Maine 441

New Jersey 440

Montana 419

Kansas 418

Wisconsin 412

Minnesota 404

Virginia 403

New Mexico 400

Florida 392

South Dakota 389

Mississippi 388

Texas 385

Georgia 377

Utah 375

New Hampshire 371

Arkansas 370

North Carolina 367

Nevada 304

Idaho 294

Arizona 270

Alaska 100

Wyoming 00

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

South Dakota 1045

District of Columbia 1004

South Carolina 867

Connecticut 853

Nebraska 848

Kentucky 838

Rhode Island 819

Montana 775

West Virginia 743

Ohio 743

Arkansas 736

Pennsylvania 725

Arizona 725

Massachusetts 719

North Carolina 710

Missouri 673

Tennessee 672

Wisconsin 671

Delaware 670

Virginia 669

New Jersey 665

Indiana 661

Alabama 656

Florida 651

Maine 635

Louisiana 630

Minnesota 626

Iowa 617

Utah 616

Idaho 591

Oklahoma 588

Vermont 584

Mississippi 574

Maryland 569

Kansas 568

New York 557

New Hampshire 547

Hawaii 535

Nevada 526

Wyoming 521

Georgia 515

Michigan 515

Texas 513

North Dakota 508

New Mexico 501

Illinois 500

Washington 493

Oregon 485

Colorado 476

Alaska 468

California 412

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160 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Missouri $33770 $54220 606

Maine 33710 45960 363

Massachusetts 42190 57070 353

Montana 30430 41150 352

Louisiana 31100 41210 325

Georgia 33050 43640 320

Pennsylvania 32740 43070 316

Wisconsin 34270 45040 314

Kansas 31220 40760 306

New Mexico 35420 45860 295

Nebraska 30300 39180 293

Iowa 30070 38790 290

Indiana 33620 43210 285

Colorado 36560 46800 280

Ohio 33380 42580 276

West Virginia 29950 38000 269

Arizona 35190 44550 266

Washington 40990 51660 260

Vermont 35310 44440 259

Virginia 34620 43560 258

Connecticut 40290 50390 251

Rhode Island 40100 50090 249

Texas 34430 42950 247

North Carolina 35810 44600 245

New Hampshire 38220 47550 244

Michigan 35590 44200 242

Minnesota 39200 48650 241

Oregon 40310 49980 240

Alaska 45740 56330 232

Kentucky 33350 40920 227

Illinois 35410 43130 218

New Jersey 43800 53260 216

Maryland 43850 53300 216

Oklahoma 32540 39510 214

Wyoming 36160 43900 214

Idaho 34940 42270 210

Florida 35840 43220 206

Nevada 41920 50510 205

South Dakota 33940 40770 201

Arkansas 31930 38240 198

District of Columbia 40490 48370 195

Mississippi 32750 38840 186

New York 44000 52130 185

Hawaii 43790 51880 185

California 44650 52810 183

Utah 34970 40910 170

South Carolina 37020 42650 152

Alabama 33800 38650 143

Delaware 40110 42260 54

North Dakota 34600 35880 37

Tennessee 41530 41260 -07

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Missouri $54220 $34460

Nevada 50510 34300

Hawaii 51880 36750

Alaska 56330 42170

Oregon 49980 36980

New Mexico 45860 33000

Maine 45960 33480

Maryland 53300 41360

Rhode Island 50090 38240

Massachusetts 57070 45290

South Dakota 40770 29080

Wyoming 43900 32510

Montana 41150 29880

California 52810 41980

Washington 51660 40860

South Carolina 42650 31940

North Carolina 44600 34120

New Jersey 53260 43040

Mississippi 38840 28630

New Hampshire 47550 37450

Louisiana 41210 31230

Wisconsin 45040 35240

Vermont 44440 34650

Arizona 44550 34880

Idaho 42270 32770

Florida 43220 33750

Indiana 43210 33820

Minnesota 48650 39840

Kentucky 40920 32170

Arkansas 38240 29560

Tennessee 41260 32730

New York 52130 43590

Oklahoma 39510 31150

Georgia 43640 35840

Texas 42950 35310

West Virginia 38000 30470

Pennsylvania 43070 35970

Colorado 46800 39820

Kansas 40760 33780

Utah 40910 34110

Iowa 38790 31990

Alabama 38650 31940

Ohio 42580 35910

Nebraska 39180 33060

Connecticut 50390 44400

North Dakota 35880 30620

Michigan 44200 39590

Illinois 43130 38580

Virginia 43560 39130

Delaware 42260 39050

District of Columbia 48370 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 161

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Missouri $26890 $69260 1576

Arizona 25820 64160 1485

Illinois 27560 60250 1186

Tennessee 26280 56180 1138

Arkansas 25240 53760 1130

Virginia 28150 59210 1103

Oklahoma 26440 54660 1067

California 35470 72560 1046

Nebraska 26580 54220 1040

Wyoming 29210 59420 1034

South Carolina 28530 57860 1028

Mississippi 26150 52990 1026

Utah 27570 55550 1015

District of Columbia 33430 66980 1004

Texas 28800 57420 994

Massachusetts 36750 72890 983

Montana 27840 54750 967

Maine 32110 62620 950

North Dakota 24250 47120 943

Pennsylvania 30180 58340 933

Colorado 32860 63050 919

Minnesota 34210 65450 913

Florida 29950 57230 911

South Dakota 29120 55070 891

Georgia 30250 57030 885

New York 37280 69920 876

Delaware 29880 55490 857

Washington 37640 69470 846

Louisiana 29930 55150 843

New Mexico 32410 59460 835

Oregon 35800 65370 826

North Carolina 31540 57530 824

Indiana 31070 56550 820

Michigan 31170 56670 818

Alabama 28340 51250 808

Kentucky 30290 54530 800

Iowa 29160 52020 784

Kansas 30180 53700 779

Maryland 39290 69890 779

New Jersey 39380 69840 773

Connecticut 37760 66890 771

Idaho 31370 55520 770

Wisconsin 32930 57740 753

Ohio 31770 54890 728

Vermont 33160 56480 703

Nevada 38460 65180 695

West Virginia 28840 48840 693

Hawaii 39160 65590 675

Alaska 43400 71030 637

New Hampshire 37550 58200 550

Rhode Island 39590 59900 513

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162 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 731

Colorado 579

Idaho 578

Nevada 533

Utah 533

Mississippi 526

New Mexico 500

Georgia 486

Texas 474

North Carolina 471

Montana 471

Florida 444

Wisconsin 443

Kansas 429

Arkansas 418

Minnesota 416

Maine 411

Nebraska 404

California 400

West Virginia 384

Rhode Island 352

Tennessee 342

Delaware 333

Indiana 333

New Jersey 333

Virginia 331

Ohio 328

Oklahoma 324

Missouri 322

Iowa 309

Connecticut 304

Louisiana 302

Michigan 302

Maryland 286

New York 274

Vermont 273

Illinois 270

Massachusetts 269

Oregon 265

Kentucky 202

Washington 182

South Carolina 179

Alabama 167

Pennsylvania 164

District of Columbia 161

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

New Hampshire NA

North Dakota NA

South Dakota NA

Wyoming NA

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Delaware 298

District of Columbia 275

Louisiana 237

Kentucky 207

Idaho 200

South Carolina 163

Missouri 153

Illinois 147

New Jersey 140

Tennessee 131

Montana 131

Wisconsin 129

Arizona 124

Rhode Island 120

Arkansas 119

Pennsylvania 118

Alabama 107

Oklahoma 106

West Virginia 105

Massachusetts 104

Indiana 102

New Mexico 97

Oregon 97

Maryland 96

Iowa 94

Florida 92

Vermont 89

Texas 87

Georgia 87

North Carolina 84

Kansas 77

Mississippi 74

Nevada 69

Connecticut 66

New York 65

Utah 65

Virginia 59

Minnesota 58

Washington 54

Ohio 53

Michigan 53

Maine 43

California 43

Colorado 42

Nebraska 27

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

New Hampshire NA

North Dakota NA

South Dakota NA

Wyoming NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Oregon 550

Iowa 500

Colorado 476

Massachusetts 472

Pennsylvania 455

District of Columbia 400

New York 400

Oklahoma 400

South Carolina 400

Kentucky 393

Louisiana 360

Kansas 357

Alabama 333

Maine 333

Nebraska 333

New Jersey 333

Rhode Island 333

Vermont 333

Illinois 324

Maryland 318

Michigan 304

Connecticut 300

Indiana 300

Missouri 300

Virginia 300

Washington 300

West Virginia 300

Ohio 286

Tennessee 286

Georgia 280

Delaware 273

California 250

Minnesota 250

Montana 250

North Carolina 250

Wisconsin 250

Florida 244

Arkansas 222

Texas 217

Mississippi 214

Idaho 211

Arizona 155

Nevada 100

Utah 00

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

New Hampshire NA

New Mexico NA

North Dakota NA

South Dakota NA

Wyoming NA

Ap

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 163

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Idaho $27200 $41140 513

Colorado 27810 39460 419

Maine 29840 40080 343

Illinois 28720 38420 338

Pennsylvania 29790 38740 300

Virginia 31430 40720 296

Arizona 28330 36060 273

Louisiana 29430 37380 270

Minnesota 30440 38650 270

Michigan 29520 37280 263

Missouri 26590 33510 260

New York 34880 43940 260

Nebraska 29620 37250 258

Massachusetts 36460 45380 245

Iowa 27080 33000 219

Georgia 29980 36500 217

New Mexico 29260 35440 211

Arkansas 26490 31910 205

Utah 24740 29570 195

Kentucky 27710 32870 186

Hawaii 38780 45850 182

Texas 30980 36400 175

Florida 32080 37530 170

Oklahoma 29290 33200 133

New Jersey 40830 46020 127

Wisconsin 34540 38460 113

Indiana 34890 38710 109

Alabama 28630 31350 95

North Carolina 31260 33990 87

Connecticut 38910 41970 79

West Virginia 31940 34010 65

California 40280 42860 64

Mississippi 28930 30410 51

Ohio 33360 34820 44

Kansas 28680 29660 34

Tennessee 32580 33280 21

Washington 39350 39490 04

South Carolina 35360 35150 -06

District of Columbia 37190 36960 -06

Montana 34180 31520 -78

Maryland 58730 51860 -117

Wyoming 36090 31010 -141

Nevada 40140 NA NA

Oregon 39480 NA NA

Vermont 29240 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Maryland $51860 $41360

Hawaii 45850 36750

Idaho 41140 32770

Maine 40080 33480

Louisiana 37380 31230

Indiana 38710 33820

Nebraska 37250 33060

Florida 37530 33750

West Virginia 34010 30470

South Carolina 35150 31940

Wisconsin 38460 35240

New Jersey 46020 43040

Pennsylvania 38740 35970

New Mexico 35440 33000

Arkansas 31910 29560

Oklahoma 33200 31150

Mississippi 30410 28630

Montana 31520 29880

Virginia 40720 39130

Arizona 36060 34880

Texas 36400 35310

Iowa 33000 31990

California 42860 41980

Kentucky 32870 32170

Georgia 36500 35840

Tennessee 33280 32730

New York 43940 43590

Massachusetts 45380 45290

North Carolina 33990 34120

Illinois 38420 38580

Colorado 39460 39820

Alabama 31350 31940

Missouri 33510 34460

Ohio 34820 35910

Minnesota 38650 39840

Washington 39490 40860

Wyoming 31010 32510

Michigan 37280 39590

Connecticut 41970 44400

Kansas 29660 33780

Utah 29570 34110

District of Columbia 36960 57980

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164 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Massachusetts $25980 $75070 1890

Arkansas 18300 47900 1617

Wyoming 18780 45360 1415

Alabama 19480 43630 1240

Montana 19460 43310 1226

Georgia 23580 51360 1178

Connecticut 26540 57750 1176

Washington 25320 54720 1161

Michigan 24410 52740 1161

Nebraska 24600 51510 1094

Texas 24170 49590 1052

Pennsylvania 26470 53490 1021

North Carolina 22970 45220 969

Arizona 25160 49490 967

New Mexico 24240 47380 955

California 29510 57470 947

Missouri 23410 45360 938

Wisconsin 24650 47590 931

New York 30420 58420 920

Oklahoma 23340 44380 901

Colorado 28370 52700 858

South Carolina 24730 45820 853

Illinois 26890 49640 846

Kansas 20920 38490 840

District of Columbia 26530 48770 838

Iowa 24130 43760 814

Idaho 30570 54990 799

Virginia 29770 53410 794

Ohio 25030 44700 786

New Jersey 33150 59160 785

Maryland 38090 67620 775

Kentucky 24740 43420 755

Hawaii 32340 55820 726

Minnesota 28940 49700 717

West Virginia 25550 43690 710

Tennessee 25150 42860 704

Utah 23390 38660 653

Mississippi 23380 38510 647

Indiana 29150 47640 634

Florida 29950 46720 560

Louisiana 29320 45230 543

Maine 33270 46990 412

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 165

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 533

South Dakota 463

Kentucky 367

South Carolina 363

Kansas 343

Mississippi 340

Louisiana 328

Oklahoma 318

Tennessee 318

North Dakota 317

Minnesota 315

Wisconsin 314

Alabama 312

Montana 293

Massachusetts 284

Missouri 283

Pennsylvania 283

Indiana 276

Washington 274

West Virginia 271

Maryland 270

Maine 267

North Carolina 262

Texas 260

Arizona 259

Georgia 249

Nebraska 246

California 246

Florida 245

Connecticut 240

Ohio 230

Illinois 229

Utah 228

Nevada 221

Iowa 215

New York 209

Colorado 209

Michigan 208

Arkansas 203

Rhode Island 203

New Hampshire 190

Virginia 182

Idaho 175

New Jersey 175

Delaware 174

Oregon 167

New Mexico 162

Alaska 156

Wyoming 120

Hawaii NA

Vermont NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 667

Alaska 600

South Carolina 575

Oregon 533

Pennsylvania 529

Connecticut 500

Iowa 500

Massachusetts 475

Colorado 466

Washington 417

Illinois 404

Alabama 400

Delaware 400

New Mexico 400

Michigan 386

Kentucky 385

New York 385

North Dakota 375

Rhode Island 375

Louisiana 367

Kansas 365

Ohio 362

Maryland 345

New Jersey 333

Tennessee 333

Utah 333

Indiana 329

Virginia 327

Missouri 314

Maine 313

South Dakota 313

Montana 286

West Virginia 286

Arkansas 280

Nebraska 278

Minnesota 273

North Carolina 273

California 262

Texas 259

Florida 250

Georgia 250

Oklahoma 250

Wisconsin 250

Mississippi 245

New Hampshire 231

Idaho 214

Nevada 200

Arizona 167

Hawaii NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 637

Colorado 500

Nevada 492

Idaho 477

Utah 472

Kansas 430

Georgia 423

Mississippi 406

Alaska 400

New Mexico 400

New Hampshire 391

North Carolina 381

Texas 381

Florida 367

California 360

Montana 360

Minnesota 358

Wisconsin 357

South Dakota 324

Arkansas 318

Maine 308

Nebraska 304

Missouri 298

West Virginia 290

Massachusetts 286

Tennessee 283

Indiana 276

Oklahoma 270

North Dakota 269

New Jersey 267

Virginia 262

Louisiana 259

Oregon 254

Rhode Island 249

Maryland 245

Ohio 229

Alabama 229

Delaware 214

Iowa 214

Kentucky 214

Washington 211

Michigan 201

Illinois 196

Connecticut 193

New York 187

Wyoming 167

Pennsylvania 115

South Carolina 114

District of Columbia 63

Hawaii NA

Vermont NA

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166 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Wisconsin $30020 $39700 322

Georgia 23960 31320 307

Maine 26580 34670 304

Montana 28710 37240 297

Arizona 31720 40830 287

New York 28360 36490 287

Mississippi 21940 28150 283

Connecticut 35200 44610 267

Illinois 30650 38740 264

New Mexico 23630 29490 248

North Dakota 25470 31800 249

Nevada 33100 41190 244

Kansas 25730 32010 244

Wyoming 24530 30480 243

Florida 27670 34260 238

Washington 32420 39990 233

Colorado 29800 36730 233

Arkansas 23130 28500 232

South Dakota 25550 31380 228

Texas 27500 33780 228

Virginia 29090 35260 212

California 33910 41010 209

South Carolina 26570 32140 210

Ohio 28230 33880 200

Rhode Island 32590 39130 201

New Jersey 33680 40400 200

Missouri 27400 32800 197

Michigan 30290 36250 197

West Virginia 25890 30810 190

Massachusetts 34200 40660 189

Alabama 24150 28620 185

Minnesota 34720 41150 185

Kentucky 26960 31670 175

Iowa 26930 31560 172

Maryland 35610 41670 170

Louisiana 25480 29670 164

Oregon 33440 38900 163

Indiana 31170 36000 155

Alaska 36220 41770 153

Tennessee 29930 34230 144

Nebraska 28170 31970 135

New Hampshire 31590 35710 130

Pennsylvania 28140 31450 118

North Carolina 29000 32140 108

Oklahoma 26460 28500 77

District of Columbia 33210 35390 66

Utah 28490 29570 38

Hawaii 34380 34270 -03

Idaho 36390 35910 -13

Delaware 31860 NA NA

Vermont NA 32150 NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Montana $37240 $29880

Nevada 41190 34300

Arizona 40830 34880

Wisconsin 39700 35240

Idaho 35910 32770

South Dakota 31380 29080

Indiana 36000 33820

Oregon 38900 36980

Tennessee 34230 32730

Minnesota 41150 39840

Maine 34670 33480

North Dakota 31800 30620

Rhode Island 39130 38240

Florida 34260 33750

West Virginia 30810 30470

Maryland 41670 41360

South Carolina 32140 31940

Connecticut 44610 44400

Illinois 38740 38580

Alaska 41770 42170

Iowa 31560 31990

Kentucky 31670 32170

Mississippi 28150 28630

Washington 39990 40860

California 41010 41980

Arkansas 28500 29560

Nebraska 31970 33060

Texas 33780 35310

Louisiana 29670 31230

Missouri 32800 34460

New Hampshire 35710 37450

Kansas 32010 33780

North Carolina 32140 34120

Wyoming 30480 32510

Ohio 33880 35910

Hawaii 34270 36750

Vermont 32150 34650

New Jersey 40400 43040

Oklahoma 28500 31150

Colorado 36730 39820

Alabama 28620 31940

Michigan 36250 39590

New Mexico 29490 33000

Virginia 35260 39130

Georgia 31320 35840

Pennsylvania 31450 35970

Utah 29570 34110

Massachusetts 40660 45290

New York 36490 43590

District of Columbia 35390 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 167

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Illinois $25190 $61410 1438

West Virginia 19710 46590 1364

New Mexico 18830 40460 1149

Missouri 21670 45380 1094

Arizona 26730 55970 1094

Idaho 22220 46000 1070

Alabama 19140 38650 1019

Louisiana 19840 40060 1019

Texas 22420 45090 1011

Wyoming 21410 42900 1004

Connecticut 28990 57950 999

Arkansas 19700 39240 992

Rhode Island 26890 53400 986

Colorado 25260 49660 966

Virginia 24710 48360 957

Tennessee 23940 46530 944

Maryland 28790 55900 942

Georgia 22460 43420 933

Pennsylvania 21910 42070 920

Nevada 28780 55140 916

Mississippi 19120 36570 913

Kansas 23110 44060 907

California 29650 55750 880

Indiana 25860 48490 875

Massachusetts 29230 54420 862

New York 27340 50830 859

Florida 24850 46020 852

Utah 21370 39510 849

Iowa 23160 41970 812

Nebraska 23650 42680 805

Kentucky 23360 42110 803

District of Columbia 25640 45840 788

New Jersey 30020 53420 779

Oklahoma 20590 36560 776

South Carolina 24140 42580 764

North Dakota 23990 42310 764

Ohio 25050 43680 744

North Carolina 24460 42260 728

Alaska 31420 54250 727

Minnesota 31190 53640 720

South Dakota 24150 41470 717

Washington 29940 51410 717

Wisconsin 30340 51690 704

Hawaii 25790 43830 699

Montana 26900 45230 681

Maine 26620 44250 662

Vermont 25190 41440 645

New Hampshire 27040 44200 635

Michigan 27970 44710 598

Oregon 30440 48020 578

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168 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 669

Vermont 462

Delaware 347

Hawaii 332

Oregon 315

Alaska 296

Georgia 290

Maine 276

Minnesota 262

Massachusetts 245

New Jersey 210

New Mexico 205

Rhode Island 201

Washington 199

Maryland 194

Colorado 180

New York 178

Oklahoma 169

Nebraska 166

Missouri 165

North Carolina 161

California 157

Mississippi 154

Florida 149

New Hampshire 148

Kentucky 142

Ohio 135

Indiana 127

Texas 127

Michigan 123

Wisconsin 123

Utah 121

Pennsylvania 114

West Virginia 111

Kansas 107

Montana 104

Connecticut 104

Tennessee 102

Virginia 101

Nevada 92

Arizona 88

Iowa 83

South Dakota 83

Louisiana 83

Alabama 80

Idaho 74

Arkansas 73

Illinois 73

South Carolina 41

North Dakota NA

Wyoming NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 875

Michigan 667

Rhode Island 667

West Virginia 667

New York 600

Arkansas 571

Illinois 571

Maryland 559

Washington 540

Indiana 533

Alaska 500

California 500

Delaware 500

Hawaii 500

Idaho 500

Iowa 500

Missouri 500

Montana 500

New Mexico 500

Ohio 500

Tennessee 500

Utah 500

Vermont 500

Wisconsin 500

Georgia 489

Pennsylvania 472

Mississippi 471

Colorado 460

Nebraska 455

Massachusetts 451

Virginia 448

Maine 429

New Jersey 429

Kentucky 400

Louisiana 400

Texas 400

Minnesota 397

Florida 383

Arizona 375

Kansas 375

New Hampshire 375

Oklahoma 350

Oregon 350

Alabama 333

North Carolina 333

South Dakota 333

Connecticut 300

Nevada 100

North Dakota NA

South Carolina NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Utah 464

Nevada 450

Colorado 333

Arizona 315

Florida 298

South Dakota 286

New Hampshire 275

Texas 273

Minnesota 264

Alaska 263

New Mexico 263

Kentucky 256

Hawaii 244

Montana 242

Maine 235

Oregon 234

North Carolina 231

Missouri 223

Alabama 222

New Jersey 222

Virginia 221

Delaware 214

Idaho 212

Oklahoma 203

Mississippi 201

Pennsylvania 199

Washington 198

Connecticut 194

Arkansas 192

Nebraska 192

Georgia 185

California 182

Indiana 179

Wisconsin 179

Vermont 179

Massachusetts 178

Ohio 175

Kansas 172

Louisiana 162

Tennessee 153

Iowa 143

Maryland 142

Illinois 131

West Virginia 115

New York 115

Rhode Island 112

Michigan 89

South Carolina 59

District of Columbia 24

North Dakota NA

Wyoming NA

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Educato

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 169

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Tennessee $30470 $53100 743

Connecticut 35770 49190 375

Oregon 32730 44400 357

New Hampshire 32280 42320 311

Georgia 38500 50460 311

Virginia 32460 42520 310

Illinois 32460 41940 292

Louisiana 28950 36870 274

Alabama 30900 39080 265

Wyoming 30350 38320 263

Oklahoma 26880 33880 260

Colorado 36490 45700 252

Missouri 31930 39600 240

District of Columbia 49980 61620 233

Kentucky 31120 38220 228

Florida 32690 40160 229

Washington 39150 47710 219

Maryland 54610 66520 218

South Dakota 35200 42770 215

Indiana 31220 37740 209

Vermont 35180 42120 197

Wisconsin 32400 38670 194

Idaho 34260 40350 178

Pennsylvania 34380 40100 166

Iowa 32230 37290 157

North Carolina 34590 39700 148

New York 37560 42940 143

New Mexico 33450 38120 140

Ohio 34790 39480 135

California 40230 44430 104

Maine 31030 34230 103

Michigan 40500 44570 100

Minnesota 39400 43300 99

Texas 32870 36100 98

Arkansas 37040 40600 96

Montana 31400 33940 81

South Carolina 38110 40740 69

Kansas 34050 36210 63

Nebraska 35720 37950 62

Massachusetts 39520 41900 60

Utah 34080 35700 48

Hawaii 37030 38370 36

Alaska 36660 37860 33

New Jersey 46280 46310 01

Nevada 42190 41380 -19

Mississippi 35950 34470 -41

West Virginia 28650 25140 -123

Arizona 45390 39650 -126

Delaware NA 43320 NA

North Dakota NA 26120 NA

Rhode Island 50780 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Maryland $66520 $41360

Tennessee 53100 32730

Georgia 50460 35840

South Dakota 42770 29080

Arkansas 40600 29560

South Carolina 40740 31940

Idaho 40350 32770

Vermont 42120 34650

Oregon 44400 36980

Alabama 39080 31940

Nevada 41380 34300

Washington 47710 40860

Florida 40160 33750

Kentucky 38220 32170

Colorado 45700 39820

Mississippi 34470 28630

Wyoming 38320 32510

Louisiana 36870 31230

North Carolina 39700 34120

Iowa 37290 31990

Missouri 39600 34460

New Mexico 38120 33000

Michigan 44570 39590

Nebraska 37950 33060

New Hampshire 42320 37450

Connecticut 49190 44400

Arizona 39650 34880

Delaware 43320 39050

Pennsylvania 40100 35970

Montana 33940 29880

Indiana 37740 33820

District of Columbia 61620 57980

Ohio 39480 35910

Minnesota 43300 39840

Wisconsin 38670 35240

Virginia 42520 39130

Illinois 41940 38580

New Jersey 46310 43040

Oklahoma 33880 31150

California 44430 41980

Kansas 36210 33780

Hawaii 38370 36750

Utah 35700 34110

Maine 34230 33480

Texas 36100 35310

New York 42940 43590

Massachusetts 41900 45290

Alaska 37860 42170

North Dakota 26120 30620

West Virginia 25140 30470

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170 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Tennessee $24540 $95610 2896

Maryland 29730 106730 2590

Nevada 18540 64050 2455

North Dakota 13050 43590 2340

District of Columbia 31340 103490 2302

Arizona 20640 65190 2158

Illinois 22240 69850 2141

Kansas 18080 56470 2123

California 23080 72010 2120

Indiana 19270 59380 2081

Colorado 23270 71270 2063

Missouri 20730 62400 2010

Pennsylvania 20550 61650 2000

Maine 18190 54450 1993

West Virginia 13620 40060 1941

Massachusetts 22570 66210 1934

Georgia 29020 83980 1894

Louisiana 19820 56620 1857

Utah 19570 55740 1848

New Mexico 20180 56400 1795

Iowa 20250 55470 1739

Texas 21610 58450 1705

Arkansas 24610 63670 1587

Nebraska 21580 55830 1587

Delaware 25140 64650 1572

Virginia 24910 63970 1568

Oklahoma 20600 52470 1547

Minnesota 26030 65120 1502

Alabama 24140 60290 1498

South Dakota 26510 65870 1485

New York 26600 66090 1485

Florida 24540 59780 1436

Kentucky 23190 56430 1433

Wyoming 22590 54950 1432

Wisconsin 23340 56590 1425

Ohio 23600 57220 1425

New Jersey 28800 69270 1405

Hawaii 24290 58270 1399

Michigan 26880 64160 1387

Oregon 27910 66430 1380

Alaska 24570 57610 1345

South Carolina 24640 57650 1340

Connecticut 30480 70940 1327

Montana 22230 50570 1275

North Carolina 25470 56770 1229

Mississippi 23690 51640 1180

New Hampshire 27770 60290 1171

Washington 31800 66150 1080

Vermont 31100 55510 785

Idaho 30550 53790 761

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 171

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 551

Idaho 489

Nevada 453

Utah 452

New Hampshire 450

Virginia 422

New Mexico 387

Florida 382

Colorado 381

Kansas 364

Alaska 360

Maine 358

Minnesota 346

Mississippi 337

Kentucky 330

Texas 328

North Carolina 326

Louisiana 322

Vermont 314

Connecticut 310

Tennessee 305

Hawaii 300

Arkansas 292

Montana 286

California 278

South Dakota 271

West Virginia 271

Wisconsin 266

Oklahoma 265

Maryland 265

Delaware 258

Massachusetts 254

Missouri 253

Georgia 251

Wyoming 250

Rhode Island 243

Iowa 235

Oregon 235

New York 233

Ohio 233

Illinois 231

Indiana 228

Michigan 228

North Dakota 226

New Jersey 225

South Carolina 200

Washington 196

Nebraska 195

Alabama 161

Pennsylvania 149

District of Columbia 50

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

South Dakota 926

District of Columbia 884

Massachusetts 719

Alabama 625

Nebraska 620

Connecticut 607

Vermont 589

North Dakota 587

Washington 580

West Virginia 542

Maine 517

Minnesota 491

Missouri 474

Pennsylvania 473

Ohio 471

New Jersey 466

Louisiana 458

Iowa 421

Wisconsin 408

South Carolina 402

Alaska 390

New York 390

Kentucky 389

Georgia 388

Delaware 385

New Hampshire 350

Indiana 349

Michigan 337

Maryland 336

New Mexico 334

Kansas 324

Mississippi 323

North Carolina 310

Arkansas 301

Colorado 298

Illinois 285

Tennessee 283

Texas 281

Oregon 278

Florida 275

Montana 272

Rhode Island 269

Utah 267

Nevada 257

California 257

Idaho 242

Wyoming 240

Oklahoma 238

Arizona 216

Virginia 188

Hawaii 162

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 727

Wyoming 600

Pennsylvania 535

Alabama 526

Washington 469

Colorado 463

Nebraska 462

Indiana 456

Oregon 450

South Carolina 450

New Jersey 438

New York 433

Michigan 430

North Dakota 429

Illinois 428

Oklahoma 425

Ohio 424

Rhode Island 417

Georgia 414

Iowa 400

Maryland 400

New Mexico 400

Wisconsin 400

West Virginia 395

South Dakota 387

Delaware 385

Missouri 382

California 375

Tennessee 375

Arkansas 368

Montana 364

Vermont 353

Connecticut 350

Texas 344

Mississippi 340

Louisiana 340

Kentucky 338

Maine 333

Minnesota 328

Massachusetts 310

North Carolina 308

Florida 300

Nevada 286

New Hampshire 286

Virginia 284

Idaho 273

Utah 250

Kansas 238

Arizona 235

Alaska 100

Hawaii NA

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172 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Tennessee $30780 $44490 445

Delaware 33780 47620 410

Nebraska 26850 36710 367

Hawaii 40200 54710 361

Illinois 29470 39680 346

Idaho 31860 41320 297

Louisiana 30960 38960 258

District of Columbia 42120 52750 252

Georgia 31950 39720 243

Oklahoma 30690 38150 243

West Virginia 27090 33460 235

Maryland 38410 47240 230

Iowa 31350 38210 219

Texas 34330 41460 208

Alaska 36800 44140 199

Kansas 33050 39620 199

Maine 35120 42020 196

Kentucky 30650 36510 191

Washington 39470 47050 192

Montana 30800 36670 191

Colorado 35640 42360 189

New Jersey 40920 48570 187

California 42640 50440 183

Massachusetts 37740 44610 182

New York 41020 47870 167

New Hampshire 34610 40360 166

Arizona 35580 41400 164

Minnesota 36960 42960 162

Nevada 43390 50240 158

Utah 38090 43860 151

Indiana 33440 38430 149

South Dakota 29830 34170 145

Connecticut 42430 48530 144

Virginia 34980 40000 144

Wyoming 35070 39420 124

Wisconsin 36840 41340 122

Vermont 39110 43670 117

Rhode Island 39640 44250 116

Ohio 35270 39300 114

Michigan 38500 42830 112

North Dakota 29920 33270 112

Florida 35110 38340 92

Oregon 42980 46900 91

Arkansas 34610 37640 88

New Mexico 33620 36210 77

Pennsylvania 36940 39640 73

Alabama 30840 32980 69

North Carolina 36210 38520 64

Missouri 35940 36970 29

South Carolina 34550 33760 -23

Mississippi 34250 31770 -72

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Hawaii $54710 $36750

Nevada 50240 34300

Tennessee 44490 32730

Oregon 46900 36980

Utah 43860 34110

Vermont 43670 34650

Delaware 47620 39050

Maine 42020 33480

Idaho 41320 32770

California 50440 41980

Arkansas 37640 29560

Louisiana 38960 31230

Oklahoma 38150 31150

Wyoming 39420 32510

Montana 36670 29880

Arizona 41400 34880

Iowa 38210 31990

Washington 47050 40860

Texas 41460 35310

Wisconsin 41340 35240

Rhode Island 44250 38240

Maryland 47240 41360

Kansas 39620 33780

New Jersey 48570 43040

South Dakota 34170 29080

Indiana 38430 33820

Florida 38340 33750

North Carolina 38520 34120

Kentucky 36510 32170

New York 47870 43590

Connecticut 48530 44400

Georgia 39720 35840

Pennsylvania 39640 35970

Nebraska 36710 33060

Ohio 39300 35910

Michigan 42830 39590

New Mexico 36210 33000

Minnesota 42960 39840

Mississippi 31770 28630

West Virginia 33460 30470

New Hampshire 40360 37450

North Dakota 33270 30620

Colorado 42360 39820

Missouri 36970 34460

Alaska 44140 42170

South Carolina 33760 31940

Illinois 39680 38580

Alabama 32980 31940

Virginia 40000 39130

Massachusetts 44610 45290

District of Columbia 52750 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 173

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Pennsylvania $20800 $56340 1709

Massachusetts 25170 65750 1612

Hawaii 34090 87030 1553

Illinois 22670 57700 1545

Nevada 27240 68930 1530

New York 28000 70030 1501

Connecticut 28580 71030 1485

California 28790 71050 1468

South Dakota 21360 52490 1457

Oklahoma 22400 54640 1439

Utah 26050 62730 1408

Colorado 26010 62350 1397

Arkansas 23600 55020 1331

Tennessee 26170 59230 1263

New Hampshire 25000 56400 1256

Nebraska 23270 52330 1249

Florida 24270 53900 1221

Texas 25740 57160 1221

Maine 26590 58640 1205

Kansas 25030 55080 1201

Virginia 25500 55580 1180

Missouri 23700 51530 1174

New Mexico 23840 51620 1165

Arizona 26120 56460 1162

Louisiana 24860 53490 1152

Maryland 29730 63400 1133

Oregon 30370 64100 1111

Iowa 25440 53190 1091

Montana 24690 51590 1090

Wyoming 26030 54270 1085

Mississippi 21520 44530 1069

Indiana 25510 52710 1066

Rhode Island 30010 61480 1049

North Dakota 22020 44840 1036

Michigan 29460 58660 991

Kentucky 24890 49540 990

Alaska 30800 61200 987

New Jersey 33590 66450 978

West Virginia 22970 45340 974

District of Columbia 35960 70910 972

South Carolina 23590 46300 963

North Carolina 27450 52480 912

Washington 33150 63300 910

Minnesota 30710 58310 899

Alabama 23590 44540 888

Idaho 29300 55290 887

Delaware 34250 63890 865

Ohio 28870 53150 841

Wisconsin 30350 55020 813

Vermont 32120 56710 766

Georgia 29530 51390 740

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174 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Total Growth

State Percentage

Idaho 767

Nevada 708

Arizona 644

Utah 636

Maine 630

South Dakota 625

Maryland 600

Montana 577

New Mexico 561

New Hampshire 561

Minnesota 541

Georgia 514

Rhode Island 512

Kentucky 502

Tennessee 489

North Carolina 484

Missouri 480

Wisconsin 461

Wyoming 461

Colorado 459

Kansas 458

Massachusetts 452

Oklahoma 451

Hawaii 449

Indiana 444

Virginia 412

Delaware 411

West Virginia 408

Illinois 402

South Carolina 393

Pennsylvania 389

Florida 377

Iowa 374

Alabama 372

Louisiana 366

Michigan 357

Ohio 349

California 348

Alaska 339

New Jersey 333

New York 332

Vermont 320

Connecticut 318

Nebraska 316

Arkansas 310

Texas 287

Mississippi 285

North Dakota 257

District of Columbia 237

Washington 196

Oregon 154

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Oregon 520

Washington 489

Colorado 463

District of Columbia 430

North Dakota 414

Texas 380

Mississippi 378

Alaska 367

Arkansas 361

Nebraska 358

Vermont 357

Connecticut 347

New York 345

Louisiana 344

New Jersey 338

California 336

Ohio 335

Michigan 330

Iowa 323

Florida 317

Alabama 317

Pennsylvania 311

Illinois 305

West Virginia 302

Delaware 302

Virginia 300

South Carolina 292

Indiana 285

Wisconsin 280

Hawaii 273

North Carolina 271

Tennessee 268

Kentucky 260

Missouri 260

Georgia 257

Rhode Island 253

Oklahoma 250

Massachusetts 248

Kansas 247

Minnesota 246

Wyoming 243

New Hampshire 239

New Mexico 233

Montana 231

Maryland 227

Maine 218

South Dakota 217

Arizona 216

Nevada 206

Utah 206

Idaho 187

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 4564

Vermont 4219

Maine 2504

Nebraska 2396

Minnesota 2333

Wyoming 2304

Connecticut 2243

North Dakota 2110

Maryland 2102

Iowa 2027

Rhode Island 1980

New Hampshire 1917

Arkansas 1893

New York 1821

Utah 1811

Massachusetts 1789

Idaho 1776

Montana 1771

Alaska 1748

New Jersey 1679

West Virginia 1532

Hawaii 1442

Wisconsin 1436

Georgia 1372

Oregon 1342

North Carolina 1270

Pennsylvania 1156

Kansas 1006

Florida 998

Kentucky 953

Missouri 947

Delaware 906

New Mexico 884

Indiana 862

Alabama 852

Michigan 839

Illinois 834

Washington 814

Texas 787

California 780

Arizona 779

South Dakota 760

Ohio 739

Louisiana 719

Colorado 698

Mississippi 622

Virginia 585

South Carolina 570

Tennessee 527

Oklahoma 470

Nevada 331

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health amp Health Care Workforce 175

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Louisiana $18000 $28750 597

Connecticut 28630 37220 300

Michigan 24530 31740 294

Arizona 22960 29050 265

Massachusetts 25070 30060 199

Alaska 25700 30660 193

Virginia 23050 27460 191

Vermont 22840 26880 177

Oregon 22830 26570 164

Georgia 21920 25380 158

West Virginia 15790 18180 151

Wisconsin 24180 27800 150

Hawaii 24110 27700 149

Florida 21760 24980 148

Indiana 22410 25700 147

Mississippi 18510 21230 147

Illinois 21670 24790 144

New Mexico 21340 24290 138

Delaware 23750 27020 138

Nebraska 19790 22480 136

Pennsylvania 21150 23960 133

Kansas 20960 23600 126

North Carolina 22500 25320 125

Kentucky 20470 22920 120

Colorado 24420 27260 116

Wyoming 19160 21330 113

Utah 19520 21690 111

New Hampshire 20450 22680 109

New Jersey 26250 29070 107

Maryland 26300 29130 108

California 27320 30070 101

Ohio 23110 25440 101

Minnesota 24400 26820 99

Nevada 25280 27520 89

Missouri 21750 23670 88

Idaho 19910 21630 86

South Dakota 19360 20970 83

Montana 20340 22010 82

Maine 22450 24250 80

New York 26940 28930 74

Rhode Island 23630 25360 73

South Carolina 21110 22440 63

Alabama 24140 25310 48

Arkansas 20180 21150 48

Oklahoma 19630 20420 40

North Dakota 20810 21490 33

Iowa 23570 24320 32

Tennessee 24430 24920 20

Washington 24660 23690 -39

Texas 22600 18450 -184

District of Columbia NA 35750 NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Louisiana $28750 $31230

Arizona 29050 34880

Alabama 25310 31940

Nevada 27520 34300

Connecticut 37220 44400

Mississippi 21230 28630

Wisconsin 27800 35240

Iowa 24320 31990

Vermont 26880 34650

Tennessee 24920 32730

Michigan 31740 39590

Montana 22010 29880

South Dakota 20970 29080

Indiana 25700 33820

Arkansas 21150 29560

New Mexico 24290 33000

Florida 24980 33750

North Carolina 25320 34120

Hawaii 27700 36750

North Dakota 21490 30620

Maine 24250 33480

Kentucky 22920 32170

South Carolina 22440 31940

Kansas 23600 33780

Oregon 26570 36980

Georgia 25380 35840

Ohio 25440 35910

Nebraska 22480 33060

Oklahoma 20420 31150

Missouri 23670 34460

Idaho 21630 32770

Wyoming 21330 32510

Alaska 30660 42170

Virginia 27460 39130

California 30070 41980

Pennsylvania 23960 35970

Delaware 27020 39050

Maryland 29130 41360

West Virginia 18180 30470

Utah 21690 34110

Colorado 27260 39820

Rhode Island 25360 38240

Minnesota 26820 39840

Illinois 24790 38580

New Jersey 29070 43040

New York 28930 43590

New Hampshire 22680 37450

Massachusetts 30060 45290

Texas 18450 35310

Washington 23690 40860

District of Columbia 35750 57980

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176 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health amp Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Iowa $13210 $38850 1941

Louisiana 15190 42770 1816

District of Columbia 20040 55560 1772

Michigan 18230 50360 1762

Nevada 15700 43080 1744

Alabama 14590 40020 1743

Texas 11440 29830 1608

Pennsylvania 13990 35250 1520

California 17870 44510 1491

Illinois 14560 35820 1460

Colorado 16120 39620 1458

Virginia 17250 42250 1449

Tennessee 15530 37370 1406

New York 18010 43100 1393

Massachusetts 19400 46400 1392

Maryland 18560 44330 1388

Connecticut 23040 53250 1311

Arizona 18900 42670 1258

Kentucky 14860 33490 1254

Oregon 17420 39080 1243

Wisconsin 17950 40160 1237

Missouri 15790 34620 1193

New Jersey 19250 41980 1181

Montana 15030 32770 1180

Indiana 16740 36410 1175

Hawaii 18390 39490 1147

West Virginia 12120 26020 1147

Oklahoma 13640 29120 1135

Arkansas 14270 30170 1114

Idaho 15400 32540 1113

Utah 15100 31780 1105

Nebraska 15580 32670 1097

Georgia 16810 35140 1090

Florida 16490 34380 1085

South Carolina 15430 32010 1075

Minnesota 18790 38870 1069

Rhode Island 16980 34540 1034

Alaska 20370 41330 1029

Delaware 18530 37590 1029

New Mexico 17130 34170 995

Mississippi 14770 29340 986

North Carolina 17680 34970 978

Ohio 17620 34830 977

Kansas 16450 32230 959

Washington 16880 33060 959

North Dakota 15350 29760 939

New Hampshire 15950 30920 939

Wyoming 15800 30330 920

Maine 18340 33030 801

Vermont 19940 35070 759

South Dakota 15900 27200 711

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health amp Health Care Workforce 177

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

New York 5918

Maine 3846

Minnesota 3837

Rhode Island 2870

Connecticut 2784

West Virginia 2769

North Carolina 2713

Montana 2678

New Mexico 2625

Vermont 2571

Ohio 2488

Iowa 2365

New Jersey 2215

Massachusetts 2208

Wisconsin 2169

Michigan 2163

North Dakota 2141

Texas 2106

Washington 2083

Oregon 2018

Hawaii 1993

Pennsylvania 1922

Arizona 1910

Oklahoma 1875

Alaska 1826

South Carolina 1793

Missouri 1745

Idaho 1689

Alabama 1669

Indiana 1642

Delaware 1476

Florida 1475

Kansas 1445

District of Columbia 1429

Nebraska 1399

Tennessee 1378

Louisiana 1325

Virginia 1270

Maryland 1237

New Hampshire 1207

Arkansas 1194

Kentucky 1119

Illinois 1108

Wyoming 1102

California 1095

South Dakota 1048

Utah 897

Mississippi 696

Georgia 687

Nevada 653

Colorado NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Connecticut 416

Washington 402

North Dakota 367

Oregon 367

Wyoming 367

Nebraska 333

West Virginia 320

Kentucky 319

New York 312

South Carolina 303

District of Columbia 303

Delaware 296

Indiana 289

Ohio 288

Michigan 286

Arkansas 276

Hawaii 273

Vermont 273

Illinois 272

Missouri 266

Pennsylvania 265

Montana 260

South Dakota 256

Iowa 254

Oklahoma 245

Mississippi 243

Maine 243

Tennessee 239

Massachusetts 234

Louisiana 234

North Carolina 229

California 227

Texas 221

New Jersey 221

Alaska 217

Minnesota 216

Alabama 215

Wisconsin 213

Florida 212

New Mexico 210

Nevada 209

Georgia 205

New Hampshire 204

Virginia 204

Maryland 204

Kansas 200

Utah 176

Idaho 173

Arizona 159

Rhode Island 26

Colorado NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 690

Utah 688

Idaho 631

Georgia 528

Maryland 518

Virginia 512

Nevada 510

New Hampshire 505

Wisconsin 504

Kansas 500

Alabama 489

Florida 480

Minnesota 476

New Mexico 470

New Jersey 463

Texas 461

Louisiana 452

North Carolina 451

California 444

Massachusetts 417

Tennessee 417

Alaska 410

Maine 406

Mississippi 403

South Dakota 403

Oklahoma 381

Iowa 380

Montana 373

Missouri 370

Pennsylvania 364

Rhode Island 361

Vermont 355

Illinois 351

Wyoming 345

Arkansas 337

Indiana 330

Michigan 328

Ohio 324

Hawaii 321

Delaware 319

South Carolina 303

New York 290

West Virginia 280

District of Columbia 280

Kentucky 280

Nebraska 266

Oregon 239

North Dakota 229

Washington 213

Connecticut 189

Colorado NA

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178 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Hawaii $16680 $22490 348

North Dakota 15770 19260 221

Arkansas 14590 17800 220

South Dakota 16490 20110 220

Nevada 17730 21500 213

Maryland 17140 20430 192

Illinois 17160 20030 167

Oklahoma 16440 19120 163

West Virginia 13590 15800 163

Wyoming 16510 19040 153

Georgia 15980 18430 153

Kentucky 16790 19340 152

Indiana 17680 20280 147

Washington 18190 20710 139

Idaho 15970 18100 133

District of Columbia 17220 19450 130

Minnesota 19350 21800 127

Missouri 16050 18050 125

Virginia 16320 18330 123

Wisconsin 18060 20230 120

Arizona 16720 18720 120

Iowa 16970 18910 114

Massachusetts 20810 23090 110

Montana 15820 17490 106

New Jersey 19060 20990 101

Kansas 17240 18900 96

Ohio 17710 19300 90

New York 18440 20010 85

North Carolina 16300 17630 82

Alaska 23020 24800 77

Delaware 18710 20060 72

Rhode Island 22750 24390 72

Florida 17760 18960 68

Nebraska 19000 20270 67

New Mexico 16960 18060 65

Pennsylvania 18080 19170 60

Maine 18530 19640 60

South Carolina 16670 17590 55

Tennessee 16640 17530 53

Oregon 18530 19440 49

Michigan 18580 18970 21

California 19880 19750 -07

Alabama 16480 16330 -09

New Hampshire 21100 20710 -18

Utah 19560 18850 -36

Connecticut 26540 25320 -46

Texas 16340 14680 -102

Louisiana 18520 16400 -114

Colorado 23010 19600 -148

Mississippi 19070 16170 -152

Vermont 17890 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

South Dakota $20110 $29080

North Dakota 19260 30620

Arkansas 17800 29560

Oklahoma 19120 31150

Montana 17490 29880

Mississippi 16170 28630

Nebraska 20270 33060

Nevada 21500 34300

Kentucky 19340 32170

Iowa 18910 31990

Wyoming 19040 32510

Indiana 20280 33820

Rhode Island 24390 38240

Maine 19640 33480

Hawaii 22490 36750

South Carolina 17590 31940

Idaho 18100 32770

West Virginia 15800 30470

Florida 18960 33750

Louisiana 16400 31230

Kansas 18900 33780

New Mexico 18060 33000

Wisconsin 20230 35240

Tennessee 17530 32730

Utah 18850 34110

Alabama 16330 31940

Arizona 18720 34880

Missouri 18050 34460

North Carolina 17630 34120

Ohio 19300 35910

New Hampshire 20710 37450

Pennsylvania 19170 35970

Alaska 24800 42170

Georgia 18430 35840

Oregon 19440 36980

Minnesota 21800 39840

Illinois 20030 38580

Delaware 20060 39050

Connecticut 25320 44400

Washington 20710 40860

Colorado 19600 39820

Michigan 18970 39590

Texas 14680 35310

Virginia 18330 39130

Maryland 20430 41360

New Jersey 20990 43040

California 19750 41980

Massachusetts 23090 45290

New York 20010 43590

District of Columbia 19450 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 179

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

New York $13680 $29930 1188

Illinois 12880 27710 1151

Oklahoma 14090 29090 1065

Georgia 12660 26070 1059

Louisiana 11870 24350 1051

Arkansas 12400 24740 995

Nebraska 13800 26880 948

Mississippi 11890 21650 821

Colorado 14510 26420 821

Alaska 17810 32260 811

Alabama 12110 21770 798

Kansas 14590 26030 784

Texas 11530 20250 756

California 15050 26400 754

Indiana 15220 26690 754

Kentucky 14590 25530 750

Rhode Island 18820 32900 748

Maryland 15310 26740 747

Pennsylvania 14380 24910 732

Delaware 15140 26170 729

Connecticut 19080 32800 719

Virginia 13940 23600 693

Washington 15890 26830 688

Wyoming 14110 23710 680

Wisconsin 15410 25790 674

New Mexico 14570 24190 660

New Hampshire 15870 26290 657

West Virginia 12240 20190 650

Massachusetts 17560 28740 637

Tennessee 13770 22470 632

Iowa 14720 23800 617

Minnesota 17210 27670 608

Michigan 14970 23930 599

Arizona 14640 23400 598

Ohio 15070 24070 597

District of Columbia 15310 24450 597

Missouri 14220 22690 596

South Dakota 15860 25290 595

Florida 14860 23640 591

Utah 14800 23310 575

Maine 15060 23690 573

North Dakota 15040 23450 559

New Jersey 16740 25860 545

North Carolina 14480 22150 530

Montana 14530 22030 516

Idaho 14540 21970 511

South Carolina 14510 21800 502

Nevada 17830 26750 500

Hawaii 18480 27480 487

Oregon 15630 23150 481

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180 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

South Carolina 769

District of Columbia 695

Connecticut 585

New York 475

Minnesota 475

Pennsylvania 474

Delaware 468

Wyoming 467

Colorado 463

Michigan 460

Louisiana 458

Maine 456

Indiana 439

Massachusetts 424

West Virginia 422

South Dakota 419

Nebraska 417

Washington 412

Ohio 412

Missouri 411

Alabama 404

Iowa 400

Illinois 389

California 385

New Jersey 385

Arkansas 380

Kentucky 379

North Dakota 376

Alaska 371

Rhode Island 371

Oregon 369

Vermont 366

Maryland 359

Tennessee 358

Wisconsin 348

Georgia 332

Montana 327

New Hampshire 326

New Mexico 320

Texas 319

North Carolina 311

Virginia 310

Mississippi 306

Florida 300

Kansas 297

Oklahoma 268

Hawaii 250

Utah 239

Idaho 225

Nevada 224

Arizona 207

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 502

Nevada 454

Idaho 451

Utah 417

Hawaii 344

Colorado 343

Florida 306

Kansas 300

Mississippi 297

North Carolina 292

New Mexico 291

Virginia 291

Texas 279

New Hampshire 275

Montana 270

Alaska 265

Georgia 262

Alabama 252

Oregon 249

Wisconsin 246

Tennessee 235

Maryland 233

Vermont 230

Rhode Island 224

North Dakota 216

Kentucky 215

Arkansas 213

New Jersey 210

California 209

Illinois 206

Washington 205

Iowa 198

Oklahoma 195

Missouri 187

Ohio 187

Nebraska 183

South Dakota 182

West Virginia 179

Massachusetts 173

Indiana 167

Louisiana 158

Maine 157

Michigan 154

Delaware 150

Wyoming 149

Pennsylvania 146

New York 146

Minnesota 145

Connecticut 93

District of Columbia 58

South Carolina 40

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

North Dakota 9322

Nebraska 8666

South Dakota 8007

Wisconsin 7715

South Carolina 7645

Kansas 7007

Maine 6982

Connecticut 6912

Missouri 6801

Rhode Island 6741

Iowa 6706

Oklahoma 6591

Ohio 6520

Minnesota 6457

Massachusetts 6442

Louisiana 6230

North Carolina 6030

Montana 5962

Kentucky 5837

Pennsylvania 5743

West Virginia 5712

Arkansas 5707

Mississippi 5567

District of Columbia 5490

Delaware 5471

Indiana 5195

Idaho 5116

Vermont 5025

New York 5001

New Hampshire 4969

Tennessee 4803

Maryland 4733

Alabama 4693

New Jersey 4617

Florida 4312

Wyoming 4307

Michigan 4271

Illinois 4218

Georgia 4142

Virginia 4028

Washington 4013

Texas 3961

New Mexico 3773

Utah 3600

Colorado 3486

Oregon 3457

Arizona 3380

California 2864

Hawaii 2681

Alaska 2653

Nevada 2608

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 181

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2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Wyoming $16960 $20920 233

California 19840 23910 205

Kansas 17690 21130 194

North Dakota 16920 20210 194

Texas 15760 18750 190

Rhode Island 21130 25070 186

Iowa 18640 22000 180

West Virginia 15430 18210 180

Colorado 20210 23800 178

Maryland 21500 25280 176

Oklahoma 15460 18060 168

Ohio 18790 21940 168

Idaho 16300 19000 166

Arkansas 15210 17720 165

Virginia 17930 20880 165

Delaware 20510 23890 165

Wisconsin 20030 23210 159

Massachusetts 22540 26110 158

Kentucky 17230 19910 156

District of Columbia 21280 24530 153

Arizona 18860 21710 151

Montana 16560 19060 151

Pennsylvania 19800 22750 149

Georgia 16260 18680 149

Florida 18150 20810 147

Washington 20670 23670 145

Tennessee 17190 19670 144

Louisiana 13630 15560 142

Missouri 16930 19320 141

New York 23880 27230 140

Michigan 20460 23320 140

Nevada 21200 24120 138

Utah 17330 19680 136

Nebraska 18560 21050 134

North Carolina 17780 20090 130

Illinois 18450 20620 118

Minnesota 21800 24330 116

Vermont 19310 21550 116

Maine 18900 21040 113

Hawaii 22600 25110 111

Alaska 26510 29480 112

Indiana 19260 21350 109

South Dakota 17310 19170 107

Alabama 15980 17710 108

New Mexico 17650 19520 106

New Hampshire 22140 24430 103

South Carolina 17110 18830 101

Mississippi 15110 16590 98

Connecticut 24820 27110 92

Oregon 20840 22560 83

New Jersey 22570 24070 66

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

South Dakota $19170 $29080

Iowa 22000 31990

Nevada 24120 34300

North Dakota 20210 30620

Montana 19060 29880

Wyoming 20920 32510

Hawaii 25110 36750

Arkansas 17720 29560

Nebraska 21050 33060

Wisconsin 23210 35240

Mississippi 16590 28630

West Virginia 18210 30470

Kentucky 19910 32170

Maine 21040 33480

Indiana 21350 33820

Kansas 21130 33780

Alaska 29480 42170

Florida 20810 33750

New Hampshire 24430 37450

Tennessee 19670 32730

Oklahoma 18060 31150

South Carolina 18830 31940

Vermont 21550 34650

Rhode Island 25070 38240

Arizona 21710 34880

Pennsylvania 22750 35970

Virgin Islands 14970 28340

Idaho 19000 32770

Ohio 21940 35910

North Carolina 20090 34120

Alabama 17710 31940

Oregon 22560 36980

Utah 19680 34110

Missouri 19320 34460

Delaware 23890 39050

Minnesota 24330 39840

Louisiana 15560 31230

Colorado 23800 39820

Maryland 25280 41360

Michigan 23320 39590

New York 27230 43590

Texas 18750 35310

Georgia 18680 35840

Washington 23670 40860

Connecticut 27110 44400

Illinois 20620 38580

California 23910 41980

Virginia 20880 39130

New Jersey 24070 43040

Massachusetts 26110 45290

District of Columbia 24530 57980

Ap

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rderlie

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ttendants

182 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

California $17180 $33290 938

Georgia 13220 25390 921

New Mexico 13980 26350 885

New York 18960 35300 862

Illinois 14820 27260 839

Maryland 18630 34150 833

Louisiana 11740 21430 825

Texas 13720 25020 824

Kansas 15620 28480 823

Kentucky 14780 26560 797

Missouri 14480 25980 794

Mississippi 12230 21870 788

Colorado 17940 31680 766

Virginia 15600 27350 753

Rhode Island 19040 33320 750

Indiana 15830 27590 743

Washington 17940 31180 738

Pennsylvania 16900 29150 725

North Carolina 15250 26180 717

District of Columbia 18670 32000 714

Maine 15870 27180 713

Florida 15750 26910 709

North Dakota 15290 25830 689

Massachusetts 19940 33660 688

Idaho 14480 24410 686

Nebraska 16050 27030 684

Ohio 16710 28060 679

Oregon 17230 28910 678

Arkansas 13490 22610 676

Nevada 18440 30860 674

Tennessee 15190 25360 670

Minnesota 18970 31560 664

South Dakota 14700 24420 661

Arizona 16760 27540 643

Vermont 16680 27390 642

New Hampshire 19100 31270 637

Wyoming 16370 26790 637

New Jersey 18610 30350 631

West Virginia 14210 23040 621

South Carolina 14710 23850 621

Iowa 17350 27960 612

Connecticut 21280 34240 609

Hawaii 19660 31200 587

Wisconsin 18240 28900 584

Michigan 18210 28800 582

Alabama 14290 22360 565

Montana 14860 23240 564

Delaware 18820 29340 559

Utah 15480 23780 536

Oklahoma 14640 22380 529

Alaska 23850 35580 492

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 183

Ap

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ttendants

Per Capita (total population)

Average 1895

Texas 4698

New York 4370

Montana 3908

Maine 3740

North Dakota 3545

Wisconsin 3241

Minnesota 3191

District of Columbia 2804

Kansas 2794

New Mexico 2738

West Virginia 2735

Washington 2438

Missouri 2345

Pennsylvania 2337

Alaska 2325

Vermont 2174

Iowa 2167

Louisiana 2048

Colorado 2036

North Carolina 1942

South Carolina 1817

Michigan 1772

Oklahoma 1706

New Hampshire 1696

Rhode Island 1631

Connecticut 1596

Tennessee 1592

South Dakota 1552

Georgia 1539

Delaware 1538

Oregon 1456

Illinois 1428

Indiana 1411

Wyoming 1302

Massachusetts 1210

Ohio 1181

Virginia 1138

Maryland 1136

Arkansas 931

Utah 927

California 903

Mississippi 896

Alabama 866

Nevada 784

Kentucky 713

New Jersey 653

Florida 631

Arizona 618

Nebraska 438

Hawaii NA

Idaho NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Utah 637

Nevada 563

Maine 546

New Mexico 533

Minnesota 519

New Jersey 500

Colorado 490

Connecticut 486

Arizona 484

Kansas 471

New Hampshire 457

Massachusetts 454

South Dakota 453

Wisconsin 453

Missouri 445

Montana 443

Arkansas 433

Maryland 427

Texas 418

Vermont 416

Alaska 416

Alabama 415

Oklahoma 410

Delaware 403

Virginia 398

Kentucky 373

California 361

North Carolina 358

Iowa 351

Indiana 350

New York 340

Wyoming 338

West Virginia 335

Rhode Island 322

Florida 318

Tennessee 310

Louisiana 308

Georgia 298

Ohio 296

Pennsylvania 270

South Carolina 269

Illinois 263

Mississippi 246

Washington 238

District of Columbia 225

Michigan 224

Oregon 214

Nebraska 181

North Dakota 157

Hawaii NA

Idaho NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

North Dakota 507

Colorado 464

Nebraska 462

Oregon 450

Washington 432

Michigan 417

District of Columbia 410

Mississippi 394

Illinois 378

South Carolina 372

Pennsylvania 371

Alabama 360

Ohio 351

Georgia 347

Tennessee 345

Louisiana 344

Rhode Island 333

Florida 330

West Virginia 322

New York 321

Alaska 311

North Carolina 310

California 309

Indiana 309

Iowa 308

Kentucky 301

Virginia 288

Delaware 286

Oklahoma 282

Vermont 282

Texas 277

Maryland 273

Missouri 268

Arkansas 267

Wyoming 267

Montana 265

New Hampshire 261

Wisconsin 259

Connecticut 256

Massachusetts 253

Arizona 250

South Dakota 250

Kansas 247

New Jersey 243

Minnesota 236

Maine 227

New Mexico 226

Nevada 220

Utah 176

Hawaii NA

Idaho NA

Ap

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184 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Delaware $14980 $19790 321

District of Columbia 16460 21630 314

California 16710 21100 263

Vermont 16490 19760 198

Wyoming 14440 17280 197

New Jersey 19730 23490 191

New Mexico 15260 18040 182

Washington 16820 19770 175

Missouri 14860 17380 170

Oregon 17680 20630 167

Montana 14350 16680 162

Iowa 16250 18870 161

Colorado 15820 18240 153

Massachusetts 18820 21700 153

Illinois 14470 16660 151

Idaho 15070 17330 150

Rhode Island 20070 23040 148

Alaska 23340 26390 131

Minnesota 18770 21090 124

Pennsylvania 17220 19350 124

Maryland 17060 19150 123

New York 16920 18950 120

Georgia 16280 18250 121

Louisiana 12870 14390 118

North Carolina 15510 17260 113

New Hampshire 16780 18690 114

Arizona 17590 19540 111

Utah 16170 17940 109

Virginia 14890 16450 105

Wisconsin 17350 19080 100

North Dakota 16210 17830 100

Michigan 16450 18060 98

West Virginia 13250 14510 95

Nebraska 17510 19140 93

Kansas 16360 17740 84

Oklahoma 13970 15150 84

Maine 16900 18090 70

Alabama 14570 15330 52

Florida 17000 17840 49

Texas 12750 13380 49

Indiana 17700 18500 45

Ohio 17150 17930 45

Kentucky 15650 16230 37

South Carolina 16400 16910 31

Arkansas 13600 13960 26

South Dakota 16890 17300 24

Mississippi 14400 14190 -15

Connecticut 21310 20870 -21

Tennessee 16730 16250 -29

Nevada 18320 17670 -35

Hawaii 16740 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

South Dakota $17300 $29080

North Dakota 17830 30620

Iowa 18870 31990

Montana 16680 29880

Nebraska 19140 33060

Mississippi 14190 28630

Vermont 19760 34650

New Mexico 18040 33000

South Carolina 16910 31940

Rhode Island 23040 38240

Wyoming 17280 32510

Indiana 18500 33820

Arizona 19540 34880

Maine 18090 33480

Idaho 17330 32770

Arkansas 13960 29560

Alaska 26390 42170

Florida 17840 33750

West Virginia 14510 30470

Kentucky 16230 32170

Oklahoma 15150 31150

Kansas 17740 33780

Wisconsin 19080 35240

Utah 17940 34110

Oregon 20630 36980

Tennessee 16250 32730

Alabama 15330 31940

Nevada 17670 34300

Pennsylvania 19350 35970

North Carolina 17260 34120

Louisiana 14390 31230

Missouri 17380 34460

Georgia 18250 35840

Ohio 17930 35910

Minnesota 21090 39840

New Hampshire 18690 37450

Delaware 19790 39050

New Jersey 23490 43040

California 21100 41980

Washington 19770 40860

Michigan 18060 39590

Colorado 18240 39820

Illinois 16660 38580

Texas 13380 35310

Maryland 19150 41360

Virginia 16450 39130

Connecticut 20870 44400

Massachusetts 21700 45290

New York 18950 43590

District of Columbia 21630 57980

Ap

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Aid

es

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 185

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

New Jersey $15920 $35160 1209

Maryland 12690 26890 1119

Georgia 12370 25770 1083

Virginia 11870 22230 873

District of Columbia 15610 28090 799

Connecticut 15940 28670 799

Kentucky 12110 21560 780

California 15140 26950 780

Oregon 15780 27960 772

Pennsylvania 13060 22990 760

Alaska 19450 33830 739

Illinois 12600 21540 710

Tennessee 12280 20860 699

South Dakota 13110 22100 686

Delaware 14720 24400 658

Mississippi 11350 18810 657

Louisiana 11480 19010 656

Florida 13820 22880 656

Colorado 14100 23310 653

New Mexico 13440 22100 644

Nebraska 14780 24210 638

Missouri 13630 22310 637

Alabama 11970 19510 630

Wyoming 13390 21560 610

Vermont 15650 25180 609

Iowa 14930 24010 608

New York 14610 23450 605

North Dakota 13720 22010 604

North Carolina 13840 22090 596

New Hampshire 14470 22750 572

Ohio 14310 22450 569

Arkansas 11460 17870 559

Rhode Island 18130 28210 556

Indiana 14590 22690 555

Minnesota 17160 26390 538

Idaho 14140 21740 537

Oklahoma 11920 18270 533

Michigan 14670 22400 527

Wisconsin 15060 22870 519

West Virginia 11710 17770 518

Maine 14640 22110 510

Massachusetts 17940 27070 509

Arizona 15050 22560 499

Texas 11400 16780 472

Utah 15100 22170 468

Kansas 14850 21780 467

South Carolina 14410 21070 462

Washington 16100 23160 439

Montana 14390 20590 431

Nevada 15070 21520 428

Ap

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186 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 1435

Vermont 988

Delaware 868

Maine 661

Pennsylvania 626

Washington 534

Rhode Island 489

Nebraska 488

Connecticut 483

Alaska 468

Massachusetts 465

Colorado 462

Utah 461

Oregon 417

Virginia 386

Kentucky 380

California 366

Illinois 357

Maryland 319

Florida 306

Oklahoma 290

Iowa 281

Arizona 281

New Jersey 268

New Hampshire 264

Indiana 261

West Virginia 240

Wisconsin 233

New York 221

Minnesota 220

Montana 216

Alabama 214

Ohio 207

Kansas 206

Hawaii 203

Wyoming 200

Michigan 199

North Carolina 199

Tennessee 195

Nevada 189

Missouri 187

Louisiana 185

South Dakota 175

Mississippi 160

New Mexico 151

Idaho 138

Texas 110

Georgia 84

Arkansas 62

North Dakota NA

South Carolina NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Hawaii 1000

Louisiana 750

Illinois 720

Michigan 719

Wyoming 700

District of Columbia 643

Massachusetts 592

New York 588

Arkansas 571

North Carolina 571

California 569

Washington 564

West Virginia 556

Alaska 550

Mississippi 550

Oregon 533

Indiana 525

Nebraska 514

Ohio 509

Delaware 500

Georgia 500

Iowa 500

Kansas 500

Montana 500

New Mexico 500

Texas 500

Vermont 500

Wisconsin 500

Rhode Island 480

Florida 472

Pennsylvania 472

Virginia 471

Maine 455

New Jersey 455

Colorado 452

Connecticut 450

Alabama 444

Oklahoma 440

Kentucky 424

New Hampshire 421

Minnesota 417

Tennessee 417

South Dakota 375

Nevada 350

Arizona 340

Idaho 333

Utah 333

Maryland 328

Missouri 314

North Dakota NA

South Carolina NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Maryland 458

Missouri 453

Arizona 448

Idaho 411

South Dakota 383

Utah 374

Hawaii 360

New Mexico 357

Alaska 333

Colorado 332

New Hampshire 329

Tennessee 319

Nevada 317

Minnesota 314

Delaware 314

Kentucky 312

Wyoming 300

Maine 283

Oklahoma 277

Wisconsin 268

New Jersey 261

Montana 259

Florida 259

Connecticut 257

Virginia 256

Iowa 255

Pennsylvania 254

Alabama 250

Rhode Island 243

Indiana 230

Texas 229

Vermont 228

Georgia 222

Ohio 220

Kansas 214

Nebraska 214

Arkansas 210

Mississippi 201

North Carolina 200

Oregon 190

Washington 188

West Virginia 178

New York 172

California 172

Massachusetts 141

District of Columbia 117

Michigan 90

Illinois 90

Louisiana 60

North Dakota NA

South Carolina NA

Ap

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Counse

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 187

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Idaho $32600 $68270 1094

Iowa 21810 40620 862

West Virginia 21580 34500 599

Mississippi 24690 36630 484

South Carolina 25750 36720 426

Rhode Island 25650 36120 408

Georgia 26910 37770 404

California 30610 41570 358

Indiana 25720 34690 349

Oklahoma 25980 34120 313

Tennessee 24880 32480 305

New Jersey 31190 39630 271

Kentucky 26980 34200 268

Virginia 31410 39760 266

Pennsylvania 24640 31140 264

District of Columbia 23030 28930 256

New Mexico 33440 41210 232

Florida 29430 35860 218

Texas 30860 37490 215

Hawaii 34690 41560 198

Delaware 30310 36240 196

Louisiana 28370 33790 191

Kansas 29370 34730 182

Maryland 28050 33000 176

Oregon 33680 39380 169

Minnesota 34230 39810 163

Washington 34520 39730 151

Arizona 31630 36330 149

Ohio 33430 37880 133

Massachusetts 30430 34230 125

New Hampshire 35710 40110 123

Wyoming 34770 38630 111

Illinois 28650 31820 111

Montana 27630 30560 106

Maine 35660 39340 103

Arkansas 36760 40340 97

Alabama 27660 30220 93

Vermont 41550 45370 92

South Dakota 32860 35770 89

North Carolina 34100 36990 85

Alaska 36560 39500 80

Michigan 36780 39490 74

Connecticut 32680 34870 67

Missouri 37010 39370 64

North Dakota 34080 36270 64

New York 32360 34390 63

Colorado 33960 35680 51

Nebraska 34270 34230 -01

Wisconsin 46500 45110 -30

Nevada 42830 40150 -63

Utah 33460 29120 -130

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Idaho $68270 $32770

Arkansas 40340 29560

Vermont 45370 34650

Wisconsin 45110 35240

Iowa 40620 31990

New Mexico 41210 33000

Mississippi 36630 28630

South Dakota 35770 29080

Wyoming 38630 32510

Maine 39340 33480

Nevada 40150 34300

North Dakota 36270 30620

Missouri 39370 34460

Hawaii 41560 36750

South Carolina 36720 31940

West Virginia 34500 30470

Oklahoma 34120 31150

North Carolina 36990 34120

New Hampshire 40110 37450

Louisiana 33790 31230

Oregon 39380 36980

Texas 37490 35310

Florida 35860 33750

Kentucky 34200 32170

Ohio 37880 35910

Georgia 37770 35840

Arizona 36330 34880

Nebraska 34230 33060

Kansas 34730 33780

Indiana 34690 33820

Montana 30560 29880

Virginia 39760 39130

Minnesota 39810 39840

Michigan 39490 39590

Tennessee 32480 32730

California 41570 41980

Puerto Rico 21140 22070

Washington 39730 40860

Alabama 30220 31940

Rhode Island 36120 38240

Alaska 39500 42170

Delaware 36240 39050

New Jersey 39630 43040

Colorado 35680 39820

Pennsylvania 31140 35970

Utah 29120 34110

Illinois 31820 38580

Maryland 33000 41360

New York 34390 43590

Connecticut 34870 44400

Massachusetts 34230 45290

District of Columbia 28930 57980

Ap

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188 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Hawaii $20130 $82990 3123

Tennessee 16000 64540 3034

Virginia 21160 66380 2137

California 21840 68210 2123

Arizona 19190 56350 1936

District of Columbia 15600 45180 1896

New York 19990 56960 1849

Nebraska 18540 49950 1694

Wisconsin 25230 67850 1689

Louisiana 19460 52270 1686

Iowa 22210 58710 1643

Massachusetts 21750 56840 1613

Utah 19680 50750 1579

South Carolina 20270 52080 1569

Oklahoma 21930 54780 1498

Nevada 23260 57850 1487

North Dakota 21990 54420 1475

Oregon 22540 55540 1464

North Carolina 23060 56540 1452

Maryland 20330 49830 1451

New Hampshire 25190 61350 1435

Georgia 22900 55370 1418

West Virginia 22310 53240 1386

Alaska 23850 56450 1367

Indiana 21900 51530 1353

Pennsylvania 20220 47530 1351

New Jersey 24710 58060 1350

Alabama 19060 44250 1322

Kentucky 21900 50200 1292

Missouri 24830 56550 1277

Florida 23770 54070 1275

Delaware 23590 53340 1261

Texas 24810 54410 1193

Colorado 23450 51070 1178

New Mexico 26900 58330 1168

Connecticut 24230 52150 1152

Ohio 25330 54470 1150

Arkansas 26100 56020 1146

Maine 24630 52830 1145

Minnesota 26890 57340 1132

Kansas 23260 47980 1063

Rhode Island 24530 50390 1054

Illinois 21240 43600 1053

Michigan 26480 54050 1041

Mississippi 21860 44230 1023

Vermont 31930 62600 961

Washington 28610 54920 920

Montana 22420 42680 904

Wyoming 29170 52620 804

South Dakota 26570 46580 753

Ap

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 189

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Maine 1060

District of Columbia 1002

Washington 948

Delaware 868

Alaska 733

Massachusetts 628

West Virginia 558

Kansas 557

North Dakota 554

Vermont 542

Ohio 525

Connecticut 512

Pennsylvania 510

Oregon 446

Arizona 442

South Dakota 422

Montana 411

Missouri 393

Utah 384

Tennessee 376

New Jersey 373

New York 359

Nebraska 356

Maryland 354

Michigan 353

North Carolina 350

Wisconsin 340

Florida 336

Kentucky 309

Virginia 303

Alabama 288

Indiana 287

Louisiana 270

Minnesota 269

Oklahoma 247

California 240

Hawaii 235

Colorado 231

Illinois 227

New Mexico 221

Iowa 220

New Hampshire 219

Texas 193

Mississippi 192

Arkansas 178

Wyoming 140

Georgia 135

South Carolina 132

Nevada 111

Idaho 72

Rhode Island NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

North Dakota 600

Louisiana 567

West Virginia 548

Washington 547

District of Columbia 500

Hawaii 500

Colorado 465

Alabama 444

Nebraska 435

Mississippi 429

Pennsylvania 420

North Carolina 417

Alaska 400

Oklahoma 400

South Carolina 400

Utah 400

Michigan 396

Texas 389

Oregon 380

Indiana 378

California 368

New Mexico 367

New York 364

Missouri 355

Delaware 353

New Jersey 353

Virginia 352

Illinois 343

Ohio 334

New Hampshire 333

Vermont 333

Wisconsin 333

Florida 313

Maine 308

Minnesota 307

Connecticut 300

Idaho 286

Iowa 286

Kentucky 286

South Dakota 286

Arizona 281

Tennessee 280

Maryland 277

Montana 273

Arkansas 267

Kansas 254

Massachusetts 250

Georgia 233

Nevada 00

Rhode Island NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Georgia 600

Idaho 567

South Dakota 467

New Mexico 463

Arkansas 459

Maryland 449

Colorado 442

Utah 438

Arizona 437

Kentucky 435

Wyoming 429

Montana 417

Nevada 417

Hawaii 414

Tennessee 413

Maine 395

Florida 393

Minnesota 384

Alaska 383

New Hampshire 369

Connecticut 356

Vermont 350

New Jersey 344

Ohio 342

Iowa 341

Massachusetts 333

Kansas 331

Wisconsin 330

Illinois 329

Missouri 318

Virginia 317

Indiana 316

Delaware 314

New York 300

California 286

Oklahoma 279

Michigan 263

Texas 262

North Carolina 247

Pennsylvania 242

South Carolina 222

Mississippi 215

Nebraska 208

Oregon 197

Alabama 178

District of Columbia 152

Washington 150

West Virginia 132

North Dakota 123

Louisiana 107

Rhode Island NA

Ap

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ers

190 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Nevada $36730 $54070 472

Arizona 25000 34450 378

Kansas 28430 36450 282

Utah 31460 40190 277

West Virginia 18550 23400 261

Alabama 24350 30180 239

Texas 27410 33670 228

Indiana 28780 35050 218

Massachusetts 35730 43260 211

Arkansas 27880 33670 208

Ohio 29560 35630 205

Maryland 36570 43950 202

Tennessee 25010 30040 201

Minnesota 37030 44260 195

Montana 26930 32010 189

Iowa 28100 33370 188

South Carolina 26650 31340 176

Wisconsin 36490 42460 164

Kentucky 28660 33130 156

North Carolina 32490 36890 135

Oklahoma 26060 29530 133

Nebraska 26970 30510 131

Hawaii 37970 42740 126

Mississippi 24200 27230 125

Colorado 31480 35360 123

New Jersey 41040 45960 120

Pennsylvania 29410 32510 105

Vermont 35160 38780 103

Maine 32720 36050 102

New York 37630 40890 87

Rhode Island 38460 40990 66

California 35210 36960 50

Connecticut 43470 45350 43

District of Columbia 41480 43110 39

Michigan 35790 36850 30

Illinois 30780 31250 15

Oregon 30030 30440 14

Idaho 32370 32480 03

Florida 31550 31470 -03

Missouri 32330 31980 -11

Delaware 36840 36160 -18

South Dakota 31320 30500 -26

New Hampshire 35170 34100 -30

New Mexico 33760 32290 -44

Virginia 41470 39160 -56

Alaska 35610 31960 -102

Georgia 38680 33200 -142

Wyoming 34210 25190 -264

Louisiana 29720 NA NA

North Dakota NA 30210 NA

Washington 33390 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Nevada $54070 $34300

Wisconsin 42460 35240

Utah 40190 34110

Hawaii 42740 36750

Minnesota 44260 39840

Arkansas 33670 29560

Vermont 38780 34650

New Jersey 45960 43040

North Carolina 36890 34120

Rhode Island 40990 38240

Kansas 36450 33780

Maine 36050 33480

Maryland 43950 41360

Montana 32010 29880

South Dakota 30500 29080

Iowa 33370 31990

Indiana 35050 33820

Kentucky 33130 32170

Connecticut 45350 44400

Virginia 39160 39130

Ohio 35630 35910

Idaho 32480 32770

North Dakota 30210 30620

Arizona 34450 34880

South Carolina 31340 31940

New Mexico 32290 33000

Mississippi 27230 28630

Oklahoma 29530 31150

Texas 33670 35310

Alabama 30180 31940

Massachusetts 43260 45290

Florida 31470 33750

Missouri 31980 34460

Nebraska 30510 33060

Georgia 33200 35840

New York 40890 43590

Tennessee 30040 32730

Michigan 36850 39590

Delaware 36160 39050

New Hampshire 34100 37450

Pennsylvania 32510 35970

Colorado 35360 39820

California 36960 41980

Oregon 30440 36980

West Virginia 23400 30470

Wyoming 25190 32510

Illinois 31250 38580

Alaska 31960 42170

District of Columbia 43110 57980

Louisiana NA 31230

Ap

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 191

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Utah $16280 $57910 2557

Colorado 17170 56560 2294

Virginia 20430 62740 2071

Idaho 16530 50650 2064

New Mexico 17080 51460 2013

Massachusetts 24360 68020 1792

Nevada 35370 98720 1791

Oklahoma 16160 44970 1783

Alabama 16480 45760 1777

Michigan 20110 54310 1701

Arizona 20060 53380 1661

Georgia 17310 45830 1648

Mississippi 14340 37890 1642

Rhode Island 25610 65210 1546

Connecticut 27150 67700 1494

Arkansas 20060 49360 1461

Wyoming 15620 37680 1412

Illinois 19210 46260 1408

South Carolina 19580 46560 1378

Pennsylvania 20330 48200 1371

New Hampshire 21680 51380 1370

California 23250 55060 1368

New York 25810 60420 1341

Maine 22760 52260 1296

Alaska 20810 47660 1290

Kansas 23470 53620 1285

Virgin Islands 22670 51500 1272

Oregon 19770 44600 1256

Tennessee 19230 43080 1240

Wisconsin 26510 59140 1231

North Dakota 19200 42750 1227

Missouri 20250 44430 1194

Nebraska 20320 43820 1156

Minnesota 28430 61170 1152

New Jersey 30360 64320 1119

Indiana 23290 48950 1102

West Virginia 15840 32810 1071

Florida 21570 44410 1059

Montana 21340 43300 1029

North Carolina 25540 51640 1022

Ohio 24920 49550 988

Texas 23820 46590 956

Iowa 24060 46620 938

Delaware 25710 49520 926

Maryland 29620 56960 923

Kentucky 23580 45120 913

District of Columbia 30750 57250 862

Hawaii 30870 56050 816

Vermont 30360 50130 651

South Dakota 23770 38880 636

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192 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Massachusetts 1450

District of Columbia 953

Mississippi 890

South Dakota 598

Missouri 535

South Carolina 504

Louisiana 413

Vermont 393

Maine 361

Idaho 360

New Hampshire 297

Michigan 289

New York 285

Kansas 265

West Virginia 256

Pennsylvania 252

Oklahoma 232

Tennessee 231

Wyoming 220

North Carolina 215

Montana 214

Nebraska 207

Rhode Island 200

Georgia 192

Wisconsin 191

New Jersey 187

Utah 185

Arizona 161

Texas 145

Florida 143

Alabama 141

Alaska 137

Illinois 132

Oregon 131

Virginia 116

Arkansas 115

Maryland 98

Kentucky 95

Nevada 92

Connecticut 90

New Mexico 65

California 49

Ohio 41

Delaware 37

Minnesota 25

Colorado NA

Hawaii NA

Indiana NA

Iowa NA

North Dakota NA

Washington NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Louisiana 1000

Michigan 1000

Kentucky 833

New York 778

Pennsylvania 755

South Dakota 667

Massachusetts 665

Virginia 647

South Carolina 640

Georgia 600

Tennessee 571

Texas 571

Missouri 550

District of Columbia 538

Maryland 538

Illinois 512

Alabama 500

Maine 500

New Jersey 500

Oregon 500

Rhode Island 500

Utah 500

West Virginia 462

Florida 443

Kansas 429

Montana 429

Vermont 429

Nebraska 417

New Hampshire 417

California 400

Minnesota 400

North Carolina 400

Oklahoma 400

Mississippi 375

Ohio 353

Nevada 300

Idaho 273

Arkansas 250

Wisconsin 250

Arizona 211

Connecticut 00

Delaware 00

Alaska NA

Colorado NA

Hawaii NA

Indiana NA

Iowa NA

New Mexico NA

North Dakota NA

Washington NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 517

Utah 372

Arkansas 370

Nevada 350

Idaho 319

Minnesota 280

Wisconsin 279

New Mexico 250

Ohio 234

Mississippi 216

Montana 200

Nebraska 196

New Hampshire 195

California 176

North Carolina 168

Kansas 167

Rhode Island 164

Florida 163

Alabama 159

Oklahoma 148

Vermont 145

West Virginia 138

Maine 128

Tennessee 127

New Jersey 125

Illinois 125

Missouri 118

District of Columbia 113

Oregon 109

Maryland 103

Texas 95

Wyoming 91

South Carolina 87

Georgia 79

Virginia 72

Massachusetts 65

South Dakota 59

Alaska 45

Pennsylvania 42

New York 33

Connecticut 32

Kentucky 18

Delaware 00

Michigan 00

Louisiana 00

Colorado NA

Hawaii NA

Indiana NA

Iowa NA

North Dakota NA

Washington NA

Ap

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 193

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Maine $21990 $27710 260

West Virginia 15200 18610 224

Louisiana 16220 19600 208

Alaska 28160 33850 202

Massachusetts 23270 27960 202

Kansas 17010 20400 199

Arkansas 15320 18330 196

Oklahoma 17060 20200 184

Nebraska 20110 23190 153

Iowa 24060 27440 140

Texas 17650 20080 138

New Jersey 25160 28600 137

Pennsylvania 26040 29360 127

Illinois 20000 22380 119

Arizona 19240 21490 117

Maryland 23100 25330 97

Alabama 16760 18280 91

Indiana 22420 24270 83

Wisconsin 20440 21940 73

New York 28600 30610 70

New Mexico 21470 22970 70

Connecticut 25190 26820 65

California 22760 24110 59

Oregon 24460 25450 40

Washington 28460 29410 33

Montana 22850 22790 -03

South Carolina 18140 17920 -12

Kentucky 19380 19130 -13

North Carolina 21060 20440 -29

Mississippi 17660 17070 -33

Missouri 20150 19450 -35

Georgia 22180 21150 -46

Virginia 23140 21770 -59

Michigan 27780 25780 -72

Tennessee 21900 20180 -79

Florida 21970 19780 -100

Ohio 28080 20210 -280

Colorado 22250 NA NA

District of Columbia NA 27290 NA

Hawaii NA 27630 NA

Idaho 24310 NA NA

Minnesota NA 24200 NA

Nevada NA 32120 NA

New Hampshire 21940 NA NA

North Dakota NA 20630 NA

Rhode Island 29220 NA NA

South Dakota NA 24530 NA

Utah 19110 NA NA

Vermont 20680 NA NA

Wyoming 13160 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Nevada $32120 $34300

South Dakota 24530 29080

Iowa 27440 31990

Maine 27710 33480

Pennsylvania 29360 35970

Montana 22790 29880

Alaska 33850 42170

Hawaii 27630 36750

Indiana 24270 33820

Nebraska 23190 33060

North Dakota 20630 30620

New Mexico 22970 33000

Oklahoma 20200 31150

Arkansas 18330 29560

Washington 29410 40860

Oregon 25450 36980

Mississippi 17070 28630

Louisiana 19600 31230

West Virginia 18610 30470

Tennessee 20180 32730

New York 30610 43590

Kentucky 19130 32170

Wisconsin 21940 35240

Kansas 20400 33780

Arizona 21490 34880

Alabama 18280 31940

North Carolina 20440 34120

Michigan 25780 39590

Florida 19780 33750

South Carolina 17920 31940

New Jersey 28600 43040

Georgia 21150 35840

Missouri 19450 34460

Texas 20080 35310

Minnesota 24200 39840

Ohio 20210 35910

Maryland 25330 41360

Illinois 22380 38580

Virginia 21770 39130

Massachusetts 27960 45290

Connecticut 26820 44400

California 24110 41980

District of Columbia 27290 57980

Ap

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194 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

New Mexico $13400 $33390 1492

District of Columbia 16510 38960 1360

Pennsylvania 19310 42810 1217

Iowa 18050 39410 1183

Illinois 15280 31700 1075

Arkansas 12830 26600 1073

Ohio 14750 30230 1049

Michigan 18200 36920 1029

Louisiana 13640 27250 998

Alabama 12350 24360 972

Oregon 17010 32940 937

West Virginia 13660 26150 914

New Jersey 21040 40140 908

North Carolina 14360 26740 862

Kentucky 14310 26610 860

Nevada 23000 42580 851

Tennessee 14990 27370 826

South Dakota 17720 32240 819

Washington 19840 35940 811

Connecticut 19400 34740 791

Indiana 18350 32670 780

Maryland 18850 33360 770

Alaska 24910 43620 751

Texas 15150 26360 740

Maine 20060 34660 728

Georgia 15980 27460 718

Minnesota 18200 31220 715

Missouri 15080 25750 708

Wisconsin 16570 27940 686

Montana 16630 27940 680

Oklahoma 15580 26000 669

Florida 15330 25180 643

Kansas 15860 25950 636

Arizona 16840 27510 634

Virginia 16960 27630 629

California 18510 29100 572

New York 23940 37340 560

Nebraska 18420 28530 549

South Carolina 14940 22400 499

Mississippi 14540 21720 494

Hawaii 23100 34310 485

Massachusetts 23020 34150 483

North Dakota 17820 25400 425

Ap

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 195

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 905

Illinois 523

Virginia 450

Utah 410

Rhode Island 359

North Carolina 348

Montana 344

Nebraska 337

South Dakota 256

Maine 238

Colorado 233

Louisiana 219

Indiana 209

Vermont 208

Alaska 203

Delaware 198

Florida 197

Idaho 179

Kansas 170

Oregon 167

Oklahoma 163

Arkansas 123

Kentucky 111

Ohio 111

North Dakota 109

Wisconsin 107

Pennsylvania 103

Arizona 101

Mississippi 101

New Jersey 93

Texas 92

Massachusetts 87

West Virginia 74

Georgia 69

Maryland 65

New York 55

Michigan 54

Alabama 49

Tennessee 35

Minnesota 23

California NA

Connecticut NA

Hawaii NA

Iowa NA

Missouri NA

Nevada NA

New Hampshire NA

New Mexico NA

South Carolina NA

Washington NA

Wyoming NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 1000

Illinois 1000

Kentucky 1000

Louisiana 1000

Michigan 1000

Nebraska 1000

New York 1000

North Dakota 1000

Ohio 1000

Pennsylvania 1000

Rhode Island 1000

South Dakota 1000

Tennessee 1000

Vermont 1000

West Virginia 1000

Wisconsin 1000

Virginia 935

Massachusetts 933

Oregon 850

Indiana 800

Maryland 800

Delaware 667

Kansas 667

Florida 629

Oklahoma 600

Texas 556

Alabama 500

Maine 500

Mississippi 444

Colorado 435

Minnesota 400

Idaho 375

Arkansas 333

New Jersey 333

Utah 333

Georgia 300

North Carolina 267

Montana 250

Arizona 219

Alaska NA

California NA

Connecticut NA

Hawaii NA

Iowa NA

Missouri NA

Nevada NA

New Hampshire NA

New Mexico NA

South Carolina NA

Washington NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 451

North Carolina 398

Montana 377

New Jersey 375

Minnesota 330

Georgia 237

Arkansas 234

Utah 232

Idaho 195

Mississippi 159

Alaska 154

Alabama 136

Maine 133

Kansas 130

Colorado 124

Texas 100

Florida 79

Oklahoma 70

Wisconsin 52

Oregon 51

West Virginia 45

Indiana 39

New York 38

North Dakota 14

Maryland 14

Virginia 09

Vermont 08

South Dakota 05

Delaware 00

Louisiana 00

Massachusetts 00

Pennsylvania 00

Tennessee 00

Ohio 00

Rhode Island 00

Michigan 00

Illinois 00

Nebraska 00

District of Columbia 00

Kentucky 00

California NA

Connecticut NA

Hawaii NA

Iowa NA

Missouri NA

Nevada NA

New Hampshire NA

New Mexico NA

South Carolina NA

Washington NA

Wyoming NA

Ap

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196 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Idaho $19050 $27250 430

New Mexico 17120 24080 407

Arizona 20650 28410 376

Iowa 19230 26140 359

Texas 17820 23540 321

Maryland 22590 29420 302

Massachusetts 26470 32250 218

Kentucky 18490 22430 213

Alabama 18050 21540 193

California 35180 41870 190

Ohio 23960 28470 188

Connecticut 37150 43830 180

Louisiana 16810 19690 171

Utah 18790 21740 157

Georgia 24600 28420 155

New York 27400 31460 148

Arkansas 17940 20360 135

North Carolina 23090 25940 123

Illinois 26380 29610 122

Vermont 28580 31910 117

Kansas 24020 26690 111

Missouri 19270 21280 104

Michigan 26910 28930 75

Florida 20950 22490 74

District of Columbia 31830 34150 73

Maine 22930 24320 61

Oregon 31300 33000 54

Colorado 29170 30650 51

Indiana 23690 24880 50

South Carolina 19790 20610 41

Wisconsin 29500 30620 38

Washington 31450 31910 15

Pennsylvania 26690 26950 10

Virginia 22700 22870 07

New Jersey 33740 33690 -01

Mississippi 19860 19790 -04

Minnesota 28290 28000 -10

Oklahoma 25120 23400 -68

Alaska 54180 NA NA

Delaware 28950 NA NA

Nebraska 20330 NA NA

Nevada 23020 NA NA

North Dakota NA 24830 NA

Rhode Island 34070 NA NA

Tennessee 20890 NA NA

West Virginia 22630 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

California $41870 $41980

Connecticut 43830 44400

Vermont 31910 34650

Oregon 33000 36980

Wisconsin 30620 35240

Idaho 27250 32770

North Dakota 24830 30620

Iowa 26140 31990

Arizona 28410 34880

Kansas 26690 33780

Georgia 28420 35840

Ohio 28470 35910

Oklahoma 23400 31150

North Carolina 25940 34120

Mississippi 19790 28630

New Mexico 24080 33000

Indiana 24880 33820

Washington 31910 40860

Illinois 29610 38580

Pennsylvania 26950 35970

Colorado 30650 39820

Maine 24320 33480

Arkansas 20360 29560

New Jersey 33690 43040

Kentucky 22430 32170

Alabama 21540 31940

Michigan 28930 39590

Florida 22490 33750

South Carolina 20610 31940

Louisiana 19690 31230

Texas 23540 35310

Minnesota 28000 39840

Maryland 29420 41360

New York 31460 43590

Utah 21740 34110

Massachusetts 32250 45290

Missouri 21280 34460

Virginia 22870 39130

District of Columbia 34150 57980

Ap

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 197

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Alabama $12460 $31630 1539

New Jersey 20590 49690 1413

Idaho 18120 40200 1219

North Dakota 18420 40060 1175

Massachusetts 20910 45450 1174

Georgia 18540 39890 1152

Maryland 20240 42120 1081

Oregon 21460 43810 1041

New Mexico 16310 32560 996

New York 21530 42740 985

Iowa 18550 36640 975

Ohio 19960 39270 967

Wisconsin 21710 41700 921

District of Columbia 23180 43860 892

Pennsylvania 19260 36130 876

California 29420 54940 867

Texas 17110 31520 842

Michigan 20220 36790 819

Arizona 21010 37860 802

Kansas 19380 34580 784

Florida 16340 29150 784

Louisiana 14710 26040 770

Mississippi 15060 26500 760

South Carolina 15350 26850 749

Arkansas 15440 26990 748

Vermont 24370 42310 736

Connecticut 31710 54760 727

Colorado 23410 40420 727

North Carolina 18190 30480 676

Washington 24340 40780 675

Indiana 19320 31990 656

Maine 19380 31480 624

Kentucky 17510 28420 623

Virginia 18050 29080 611

Oklahoma 18190 29280 610

Minnesota 21700 34870 607

Illinois 22570 36090 599

Utah 17890 27940 562

Missouri 17820 26610 493

Ap

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198 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

North Dakota 857

West Virginia 800

Michigan 771

Louisiana 750

District of Columbia 739

South Carolina 700

Wyoming 700

Iowa 667

New York 667

North Carolina 667

Connecticut 625

Nebraska 615

Delaware 600

Oklahoma 600

Vermont 600

Washington 589

Maine 579

Ohio 573

Alabama 571

Alaska 567

Illinois 566

Maryland 564

Mississippi 563

Virginia 563

Pennsylvania 552

Nevada 550

New Jersey 545

Georgia 540

Florida 523

Texas 519

Hawaii 500

Montana 500

New Mexico 500

Rhode Island 500

South Dakota 500

Tennessee 500

Indiana 480

Oregon 480

New Hampshire 462

Minnesota 458

Colorado 446

Kentucky 440

Missouri 429

Idaho 423

Arkansas 417

Massachusetts 412

Wisconsin 400

California 373

Arizona 361

Kansas 353

Utah 333

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 400

Utah 400

Kansas 393

Nevada 360

Arkansas 345

Idaho 335

Missouri 323

Kentucky 301

New Mexico 294

Massachusetts 288

Alaska 275

Wyoming 273

Minnesota 271

Hawaii 267

New Hampshire 256

Colorado 245

Montana 243

Georgia 242

Tennessee 242

Rhode Island 240

Wisconsin 238

South Dakota 220

Indiana 215

Texas 213

Oregon 210

Florida 205

Delaware 192

New Jersey 192

Pennsylvania 184

California 183

Vermont 182

Maine 180

Virginia 179

Maryland 178

Illinois 175

Washington 174

Oklahoma 171

Ohio 171

Mississippi 170

North Carolina 158

Iowa 149

Alabama 148

Connecticut 126

Nebraska 122

New York 111

West Virginia 90

South Carolina 89

Louisiana 85

District of Columbia 82

Michigan 76

North Dakota 48

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 1311

Alaska 796

South Dakota 539

Maryland 494

Rhode Island 479

Montana 461

North Dakota 426

Iowa 424

Vermont 393

Maine 360

New York 357

Oregon 352

Washington 351

Idaho 345

Connecticut 344

Colorado 327

Delaware 323

Massachusetts 320

New Jersey 303

South Carolina 300

Pennsylvania 287

Hawaii 243

California 234

Illinois 223

Wyoming 220

Nebraska 218

Missouri 218

Oklahoma 218

Utah 216

Kansas 206

New Hampshire 199

Indiana 196

Alabama 196

Wisconsin 193

Minnesota 190

North Carolina 190

New Mexico 183

Florida 181

Ohio 180

Arizona 177

Arkansas 156

Texas 140

Mississippi 137

Louisiana 132

Michigan 118

Nevada 115

Kentucky 113

Georgia 111

Virginia 108

Tennessee 107

West Virginia 92

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 199

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

New Hampshire $21900 $38880 775

Arizona 26920 42630 584

Oklahoma 20810 31740 525

Nevada 25950 39160 509

New Jersey 33910 47450 399

New Mexico 26270 36180 377

Indiana 28430 37630 324

Montana 24780 32580 315

Florida 26750 35170 315

Kentucky 26710 34390 288

Kansas 26310 33140 260

Nebraska 27640 34700 255

Minnesota 31950 40090 255

Georgia 27990 34990 250

Massachusetts 30250 37570 242

Missouri 28400 35080 235

Ohio 29300 34900 191

California 28140 33340 185

Alabama 27870 32680 173

Michigan 31280 36320 161

South Dakota 28190 32470 152

South Carolina 29840 34340 151

Wyoming 29780 34090 145

Oregon 28040 32070 144

Maine 28490 32580 144

Maryland 32510 37000 138

Idaho 31490 35600 131

North Carolina 29640 33450 129

Washington 29080 32770 127

Connecticut 34070 38400 127

Virginia 36970 41530 123

Tennessee 27590 30660 111

District of Columbia 34930 38710 108

Iowa 28670 31720 106

Colorado 28810 31830 105

North Dakota 33050 36000 89

Illinois 28030 30350 83

Alaska 34130 36930 82

Mississippi 24500 26300 73

Texas 26750 28090 50

West Virginia 28930 30340 49

New York 36600 37960 37

Arkansas 22130 22890 34

Pennsylvania 30160 30940 26

Louisiana 27910 28590 24

Utah 35070 35400 09

Delaware 33780 32910 -26

Vermont 40300 38220 -52

Wisconsin 41560 37930 -87

Hawaii 40030 34510 -138

Rhode Island 26090 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Arizona $42630 $34880

North Dakota 36000 30620

Nevada 39160 34300

New Jersey 47450 43040

Indiana 37630 33820

Vermont 38220 34650

South Dakota 32470 29080

New Mexico 36180 33000

Idaho 35600 32770

Montana 32580 29880

Wisconsin 37930 35240

South Carolina 34340 31940

Virginia 41530 39130

Kentucky 34390 32170

Nebraska 34700 33060

Wyoming 34090 32510

Florida 35170 33750

New Hampshire 38880 37450

Utah 35400 34110

Alabama 32680 31940

Missouri 35080 34460

Oklahoma 31740 31150

Minnesota 40090 39840

West Virginia 30340 30470

Iowa 31720 31990

Kansas 33140 33780

North Carolina 33450 34120

Georgia 34990 35840

Maine 32580 33480

Ohio 34900 35910

Tennessee 30660 32730

Hawaii 34510 36750

Mississippi 26300 28630

Louisiana 28590 31230

Michigan 36320 39590

Maryland 37000 41360

Oregon 32070 36980

Pennsylvania 30940 35970

Alaska 36930 42170

New York 37960 43590

Connecticut 38400 44400

Delaware 32910 39050

Arkansas 22890 29560

Texas 28090 35310

Massachusetts 37570 45290

Colorado 31830 39820

Washington 32770 40860

Illinois 30350 38580

California 33340 41980

District of Columbia 38710 57980

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200 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

New Jersey $24050 $88780 2691

Arizona 20210 66880 2309

Virginia 21970 67230 2060

Minnesota 18010 54790 2042

Nevada 19310 57400 1973

New Hampshire 20370 55460 1723

District of Columbia 14740 39610 1687

Connecticut 16530 43260 1617

Vermont 19910 51140 1569

New York 20030 47880 1390

Wisconsin 22550 53640 1379

Indiana 15310 36320 1372

Massachusetts 20420 48440 1372

Maryland 21790 51380 1358

Alaska 19300 45070 1335

Michigan 19380 44710 1307

New Mexico 20680 47160 1280

North Dakota 25290 57620 1278

Idaho 23990 52890 1205

Utah 20910 45860 1193

Florida 21540 46770 1171

Missouri 23100 49420 1139

Georgia 25210 53650 1128

Ohio 25130 53050 1111

Nebraska 19620 41410 1111

Hawaii 25650 53910 1102

Kentucky 22070 46270 1097

South Carolina 18550 38530 1077

Wyoming 24130 49800 1064

North Carolina 22550 45880 1035

California 19440 39420 1028

Kansas 23960 48220 1013

Delaware 22450 45060 1007

Washington 22700 45200 991

Alabama 23270 45110 939

Maine 26420 51130 935

Montana 23220 43850 888

South Dakota 24820 46110 858

Oregon 23980 43870 829

Colorado 25130 45850 825

Oklahoma 29790 54070 815

Iowa 24900 44490 787

Pennsylvania 24480 43710 786

Tennessee 28010 49980 784

Illinois 23070 40730 765

West Virginia 24750 43430 755

Louisiana 24920 42690 713

Texas 27890 47540 705

Mississippi 29230 46110 577

Arkansas 28300 44460 571

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 201

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Total Growth

State Percentage

Nevada 411

Idaho 381

Utah 353

New Mexico 313

Arizona 303

South Dakota 298

Maryland 293

Colorado 286

Wyoming 281

Texas 276

Florida 266

Alabama 265

Virginia 263

Montana 257

New Jersey 241

New Hampshire 240

Maine 236

Vermont 235

Georgia 230

Kansas 226

Pennsylvania 221

Minnesota 218

Missouri 213

Washington 212

Wisconsin 203

Mississippi 201

North Carolina 200

South Carolina 200

Iowa 190

California 189

Nebraska 188

Indiana 183

Arkansas 183

Hawaii 173

Alaska 171

Connecticut 168

Rhode Island 167

Tennessee 162

North Dakota 156

Ohio 153

New York 147

Delaware 140

Oregon 140

West Virginia 130

Massachusetts 124

Illinois 122

Oklahoma 107

Louisiana 102

District of Columbia 83

Michigan 66

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Rhode Island 2233

Delaware 2121

District of Columbia 1957

Vermont 1766

Massachusetts 1623

Maine 1610

West Virginia 1553

Oklahoma 1551

South Dakota 1477

Montana 1423

Connecticut 1376

Minnesota 1325

Utah 1272

Hawaii 1264

Michigan 1235

Wisconsin 1213

Illinois 1197

Alaska 1186

Pennsylvania 1173

Nebraska 1150

Missouri 1143

New York 1140

New Mexico 1083

Iowa 1058

North Carolina 1032

Tennessee 1024

North Dakota 1011

New Jersey 968

Arizona 948

Virginia 935

Oregon 931

Ohio 874

Colorado 869

Louisiana 809

Georgia 773

Mississippi 770

Indiana 755

Arkansas 734

California 712

Wyoming 641

New Hampshire 637

Maryland 611

Florida 586

Washington 583

Nevada 544

Kansas 505

Texas 493

Alabama 437

South Carolina 390

Idaho 194

Kentucky NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Michigan 719

District of Columbia 679

Louisiana 620

Oklahoma 613

Hawaii 600

Illinois 584

Alaska 567

West Virginia 565

Delaware 547

New York 536

Ohio 528

North Dakota 524

Tennessee 513

Connecticut 506

Rhode Island 506

Iowa 500

Indiana 494

Oregon 489

Arkansas 486

Nebraska 479

California 478

Massachusetts 478

North Carolina 469

South Carolina 467

Mississippi 463

Wisconsin 458

Washington 457

Colorado 456

Missouri 448

Minnesota 440

Georgia 437

Pennsylvania 434

Maine 424

Vermont 422

Alabama 412

New Hampshire 412

Montana 400

New Jersey 400

Florida 395

Virginia 395

Texas 385

New Mexico 370

Maryland 368

Arizona 361

South Dakota 358

Utah 333

Kansas 326

Nevada 290

Idaho 286

Wyoming 100

Kentucky NA

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202 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

StateM e a n A n n u a l Percent

Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Wyoming $23760 $33800 423

Montana 23920 32640 365

Massachusetts 34770 45800 317

New Hampshire 30840 38870 260

North Dakota 30190 38010 259

Minnesota 36010 44710 242

California 36150 44570 233

Louisiana 31310 38310 224

Vermont 31290 37990 214

Maryland 36220 43980 214

Kansas 27250 32920 208

Maine 30120 36110 199

Nebraska 26440 31250 182

Illinois 35700 42170 181

Washington 30060 35390 177

Rhode Island 40970 47990 171

Michigan 38490 44860 165

Missouri 27350 31820 163

Alabama 28000 32540 162

Ohio 31440 36430 159

Arkansas 27640 32020 158

New York 38300 44190 154

Oklahoma 25830 29620 147

Nevada 36650 41980 145

West Virginia 22390 25530 140

Colorado 37180 42230 136

Texas 29820 33820 134

Wisconsin 34520 39040 131

Connecticut 45360 51100 127

North Carolina 32270 35980 115

Utah 29480 32750 111

Alaska 35200 38860 104

Iowa 32640 35900 100

Florida 30160 33090 97

Indiana 28590 31260 93

Georgia 30780 33560 90

New Jersey 45200 49240 89

Tennessee 25670 27930 88

South Dakota 28140 30440 82

Pennsylvania 29530 31880 80

Delaware 33700 36300 77

Virginia 35970 38700 76

South Carolina 28630 30750 74

Hawaii 38940 41650 70

Arizona 30940 32650 55

Mississippi 28230 29380 41

District of Columbia 36530 37870 37

Oregon 35190 35710 15

New Mexico 30970 28850 -68

Idaho 38830 32340 -167

Kentucky 28140 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Rhode Island $47990 $38240

Nevada 41980 34300

North Dakota 38010 30620

Louisiana 38310 31230

Connecticut 51100 44400

New Jersey 49240 43040

Michigan 44860 39590

Minnesota 44710 39840

Hawaii 41650 36750

Iowa 35900 31990

Wisconsin 39040 35240

Illinois 42170 38580

Vermont 37990 34650

Montana 32640 29880

Maine 36110 33480

California 44570 41980

Maryland 43980 41360

Arkansas 32020 29560

Colorado 42230 39820

North Carolina 35980 34120

New Hampshire 38870 37450

South Dakota 30440 29080

Wyoming 33800 32510

Mississippi 29380 28630

Alabama 32540 31940

New York 44190 43590

Ohio 36430 35910

Massachusetts 45800 45290

Virginia 38700 39130

Idaho 32340 32770

Florida 33090 33750

Kansas 32920 33780

South Carolina 30750 31940

Oregon 35710 36980

Utah 32750 34110

Texas 33820 35310

Oklahoma 29620 31150

Nebraska 31250 33060

Arizona 32650 34880

Georgia 33560 35840

Indiana 31260 33820

Missouri 31820 34460

Delaware 36300 39050

Alaska 38860 42170

Pennsylvania 31880 35970

New Mexico 28850 33000

Tennessee 27930 32730

West Virginia 25530 30470

Washington 35390 40860

District of Columbia 37870 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 203

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Illinois $22170 $64510 1910

New Jersey 27820 75890 1728

Virginia 22830 60760 1661

Michigan 25340 66290 1616

California 26210 67700 1583

New York 27130 69360 1557

Rhode Island 27380 69310 1531

New Mexico 17210 43430 1524

Pennsylvania 19080 47500 1490

Alabama 19850 48690 1453

Iowa 21100 51690 1450

Colorado 25690 62900 1448

New Hampshire 25620 62360 1434

Louisiana 22970 55640 1422

Massachusetts 27620 65910 1386

Connecticut 29920 71230 1381

District of Columbia 24530 57170 1331

Oregon 22170 51160 1308

Idaho 22660 51060 1253

Maryland 25970 57520 1215

Alaska 25610 56040 1188

Wisconsin 25650 55880 1179

Minnesota 28890 62830 1175

Montana 20400 43850 1150

Nevada 28190 59640 1116

Florida 23010 48680 1116

Utah 21790 46050 1113

Texas 23040 48590 1109

Delaware 23890 50190 1101

Ohio 24350 51110 1099

Washington 24300 50910 1095

Hawaii 27550 57320 1081

Arizona 21200 43820 1067

Nebraska 21540 43670 1027

North Dakota 26600 53670 1018

West Virginia 16990 34270 1017

North Carolina 24950 49250 974

Arkansas 22640 44300 957

Maine 25220 49190 950

Vermont 26510 51630 948

Indiana 22030 42380 924

Tennessee 20060 38510 920

Missouri 22730 42820 884

Wyoming 24510 45770 867

Mississippi 21690 39560 824

Kansas 24500 43890 791

South Carolina 23220 41170 773

Oklahoma 20360 35110 724

South Dakota 23540 39400 674

Georgia 27650 43280 565

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204 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Utah 1474

Washington 1457

Illinois 1238

California 1220

New Jersey 1178

Alaska 1097

Montana 1095

Colorado 1083

Oregon 1067

Wisconsin 1048

Kansas 1047

Delaware 1042

Rhode Island 1020

Virginia 1018

Connecticut 1000

New Hampshire 996

Maryland 994

Idaho 992

Michigan 992

Arizona 971

Massachusetts 962

Vermont 959

Nebraska 945

Oklahoma 935

Tennessee 929

South Dakota 923

Missouri 917

Indiana 898

New York 888

Minnesota 875

Nevada 857

Ohio 854

New Mexico 841

Kentucky 837

North Dakota 828

Florida 824

Hawaii 810

Iowa 794

South Carolina 770

Arkansas 767

Louisiana 737

Maine 730

Mississippi 727

Texas 723

North Carolina 709

Alabama 676

Pennsylvania 642

Georgia 542

Wyoming 361

West Virginia 348

District of Columbia NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Connecticut 620

Hawaii 600

Washington 580

Nebraska 556

Michigan 537

Illinois 536

West Virginia 514

Rhode Island 500

New York 490

North Dakota 484

Maine 482

Georgia 468

Iowa 464

Louisiana 462

Vermont 459

South Carolina 458

Oklahoma 457

Colorado 455

Pennsylvania 455

Delaware 453

Montana 452

Minnesota 451

Mississippi 446

Ohio 445

New Jersey 431

Oregon 429

Maryland 425

Alabama 425

Florida 422

Kentucky 417

South Dakota 417

New Mexico 409

Texas 400

Wisconsin 400

Indiana 395

Arkansas 387

New Hampshire 375

Utah 370

Massachusetts 367

Missouri 367

Virginia 361

North Carolina 354

Nevada 347

Tennessee 330

California 328

Idaho 327

Arizona 286

Kansas 286

Wyoming 200

Alaska NA

District of Columbia NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 700

Georgia 607

California 571

Idaho 569

Tennessee 563

North Carolina 530

Nevada 529

Utah 506

Virginia 494

New Hampshire 472

Missouri 472

Kansas 458

Wyoming 444

Arkansas 442

Indiana 429

Colorado 427

Wisconsin 425

Texas 420

New Mexico 417

South Dakota 397

Alaska 394

Kentucky 392

Alabama 383

Florida 383

Maryland 376

New Jersey 366

Oklahoma 350

Ohio 348

Delaware 345

Mississippi 343

Louisiana 342

Minnesota 341

Montana 337

Pennsylvania 332

Vermont 330

South Carolina 323

Iowa 313

Massachusetts 306

Maine 306

North Dakota 305

New York 295

Rhode Island 288

West Virginia 275

Oregon 261

Michigan 243

Illinois 243

Hawaii 230

Washington 218

Nebraska 218

Connecticut 165

District of Columbia NA

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 205

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

New Hampshire $23010 $35540 545

Arizona 22760 32080 409

South Dakota 18890 26360 395

West Virginia 19120 26070 363

Maryland 24820 32050 291

Louisiana 18500 23210 255

Maine 22500 28020 245

Vermont 25900 31490 216

New York 24780 29750 201

Oregon 28490 34140 198

Delaware 26140 31150 192

Arkansas 19200 22840 190

North Carolina 26220 31160 188

Michigan 26010 30870 187

North Dakota 25240 29760 179

Nebraska 22570 26540 176

Wisconsin 24250 28110 159

Colorado 29680 34290 155

Ohio 24340 28080 154

Virginia 26620 30690 153

Missouri 24110 27620 146

Florida 24570 28030 141

Tennessee 24200 27600 140

South Carolina 24720 28050 135

Indiana 25140 28380 129

Pennsylvania 23280 25920 113

Connecticut 30640 33940 108

Mississippi 21290 23490 103

Nevada 31340 34450 99

Iowa 26290 28720 92

Minnesota 31430 34170 87

New Jersey 30820 33430 85

Alabama 20750 22230 71

Wyoming 22330 23870 69

Rhode Island 27710 29510 65

Kentucky 24320 25860 63

Oklahoma 23150 24530 60

Kansas 24140 25300 48

Illinois 27160 28460 48

Utah 23280 24300 44

Georgia 26270 27280 38

New Mexico 23060 23910 37

California 30630 31750 37

Montana 22450 23010 25

Massachusetts 33470 34290 24

Hawaii 28450 29030 20

Texas 27080 27550 17

Washington 32380 32670 09

Idaho 29220 29050 -06

Alaska 36370 34240 -59

District of Columbia 39910 36930 -75

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Nevada $34450 $34300

North Dakota 29760 30620

New Hampshire 35540 37450

South Dakota 26360 29080

Arizona 32080 34880

Oregon 34140 36980

North Carolina 31160 34120

Vermont 31490 34650

Iowa 28720 31990

Idaho 29050 32770

South Carolina 28050 31940

West Virginia 26070 30470

Tennessee 27600 32730

Mississippi 23490 28630

Maine 28020 33480

Indiana 28380 33820

Colorado 34290 39820

Minnesota 34170 39840

Florida 28030 33750

Kentucky 25860 32170

Nebraska 26540 33060

Oklahoma 24530 31150

Arkansas 22840 29560

Missouri 27620 34460

Montana 23010 29880

Wisconsin 28110 35240

Hawaii 29030 36750

Texas 27550 35310

Ohio 28080 35910

Delaware 31150 39050

Alaska 34240 42170

Louisiana 23210 31230

Washington 32670 40860

Virginia 30690 39130

Kansas 25300 33780

Georgia 27280 35840

Wyoming 23870 32510

Rhode Island 29510 38240

Michigan 30870 39590

New Mexico 23910 33000

Maryland 32050 41360

New Jersey 33430 43040

Alabama 22230 31940

Utah 24300 34110

Pennsylvania 25920 35970

Illinois 28460 38580

California 31750 41980

Connecticut 33940 44400

Massachusetts 34290 45290

New York 29750 43590

District of Columbia 36930 57980

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10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Montana $12070 $34860 1888

Idaho 17600 44490 1528

Rhode Island 16270 40790 1507

Arizona 18100 43410 1398

Virginia 19270 45090 1340

Alabama 14310 33230 1322

Mississippi 14810 34120 1304

Louisiana 14680 33450 1279

New Mexico 15190 34190 1251

California 20100 43950 1187

North Carolina 20180 43470 1154

Texas 18190 38930 1140

Missouri 18490 39310 1126

North Dakota 20210 42240 1090

Pennsylvania 17100 35420 1071

Colorado 23040 47610 1066

Michigan 20830 42050 1019

Arkansas 15730 31680 1014

Washington 22270 44660 1005

Illinois 18800 37680 1004

Hawaii 17560 35160 1002

South Carolina 19610 39170 997

Delaware 21510 42830 991

Wyoming 16350 32240 972

Minnesota 22680 44370 956

New Jersey 23160 44860 937

West Virginia 18200 35180 933

Maryland 21810 42130 932

Georgia 18890 36260 920

Kentucky 18120 34500 904

Kansas 18290 34450 884

Florida 19700 36520 854

Utah 16930 31360 852

New York 21850 40450 851

Connecticut 23910 43790 831

New Hampshire 24600 45030 830

Indiana 19980 36400 822

South Dakota 19310 34720 798

Iowa 20950 37650 797

Oklahoma 18340 32810 789

Vermont 22630 40270 779

Tennessee 19690 34880 771

Massachusetts 25320 44240 747

Ohio 20320 35380 741

Wisconsin 20720 35160 697

Nebraska 20110 34100 696

Oregon 26180 43450 660

Maine 22400 35600 589

Alaska 27650 43270 565

Nevada 28160 43070 529

District of Columbia 29780 44360 490

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 207

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Nebraska 371

Maryland 300

Rhode Island 254

Oklahoma 224

North Dakota 175

Alabama 174

Arizona 163

Massachusetts 147

Illinois 141

Delaware 136

Colorado 129

Michigan 128

Maine 125

Ohio 118

Missouri 118

Louisiana 114

Iowa 109

Indiana 109

District of Columbia 108

Pennsylvania 107

Utah 99

Montana 99

Connecticut 98

North Carolina 97

New Mexico 92

South Carolina 85

Idaho 84

New York 79

New Hampshire 78

Florida 78

Minnesota 77

Wisconsin 75

Washington 74

Tennessee 71

California 69

Virginia 68

Texas 67

Kansas 59

Mississippi 58

Arkansas 51

Georgia 47

New Jersey 47

West Virginia 39

Kentucky 33

Nevada 23

Oregon 20

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

South Dakota NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 1000

New Jersey 1000

West Virginia 1000

Louisiana 600

South Carolina 600

Maryland 564

Washington 550

Massachusetts 545

Ohio 529

Connecticut 500

Delaware 500

Iowa 500

Kentucky 500

New York 500

Wisconsin 500

Illinois 469

Colorado 464

Georgia 450

Indiana 450

Missouri 450

Michigan 436

California 429

Virginia 429

Alabama 400

Arkansas 400

Nebraska 400

Kansas 375

Rhode Island 375

Pennsylvania 366

Oklahoma 350

Idaho 333

Maine 333

Minnesota 333

Montana 333

New Hampshire 333

North Dakota 333

Tennessee 333

Texas 333

Florida 320

Mississippi 286

North Carolina 250

Arizona 218

Utah 00

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

Nevada NA

New Mexico NA

Oregon NA

South Dakota NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 489

Idaho 434

Nevada 400

Utah 391

New Mexico 353

Kansas 313

Mississippi 299

North Carolina 284

Texas 276

Georgia 275

Florida 262

Colorado 259

New Jersey 250

Minnesota 245

Montana 244

Wisconsin 244

Maine 241

Arkansas 216

New Hampshire 210

Massachusetts 202

Pennsylvania 197

Tennessee 195

Alabama 192

Nebraska 183

Delaware 182

Oklahoma 179

Michigan 178

Washington 178

Connecticut 176

Rhode Island 176

Iowa 172

California 167

Indiana 164

Missouri 164

Virginia 162

Louisiana 157

North Dakota 153

Illinois 149

Oregon 143

New York 125

Kentucky 120

Ohio 119

South Carolina 114

Maryland 107

West Virginia 57

District of Columbia 16

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

South Dakota NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

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208 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Utah $16710 $23880 429

Idaho 17440 24840 424

Massachusetts 22610 32100 420

Nevada 24670 34520 399

Alabama 17390 23790 368

Iowa 15970 21530 348

Texas 19000 24470 288

Illinois 18630 23990 288

Oklahoma 15870 20260 277

Virginia 17940 22340 245

Connecticut 26720 33220 243

Maryland 24040 29510 228

Washington 27520 33480 217

Michigan 22840 27050 184

Missouri 17690 20890 181

Mississippi 18550 21660 168

New Hampshire 23210 26890 159

Kentucky 21840 25220 155

Minnesota 27930 32250 155

Nebraska 18390 21160 151

California 26030 29820 146

Colorado 19940 22770 142

Vermont 22010 25110 141

Maine 23000 26190 139

Kansas 18980 21470 131

Louisiana 15180 17090 126

Rhode Island 21080 23590 119

Ohio 26660 29740 116

New Jersey 29590 32760 107

Wisconsin 22240 24200 88

Pennsylvania 23280 25140 80

Florida 22830 24210 60

Tennessee 20900 21480 28

Oregon 27200 27800 22

New York 30400 30630 08

North Carolina 21220 21220 00

Indiana 21800 21420 -17

New Mexico 20460 19830 -31

District of Columbia 24940 24100 -34

West Virginia 22600 21620 -43

Arizona 21670 19950 -79

South Carolina 21290 19250 -96

Arkansas 22500 18930 -159

Georgia 29970 22940 -235

Delaware 18380 NA NA

Hawaii NA 28950 NA

Montana NA 20730 NA

North Dakota NA 20590 NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Nevada $34520 $34300

Ohio 29740 35910

Kentucky 25220 32170

Mississippi 21660 28630

Maine 26190 33480

Washington 33480 40860

Minnesota 32250 39840

Hawaii 28950 36750

Idaho 24840 32770

Alabama 23790 31940

West Virginia 21620 30470

Montana 20730 29880

Oregon 27800 36980

Florida 24210 33750

Vermont 25110 34650

North Dakota 20590 30620

Utah 23880 34110

New Jersey 32760 43040

Iowa 21530 31990

New Hampshire 26890 37450

Arkansas 18930 29560

Pennsylvania 25140 35970

Texas 24470 35310

Oklahoma 20260 31150

Wisconsin 24200 35240

Connecticut 33220 44400

Tennessee 21480 32730

Maryland 29510 41360

Nebraska 21160 33060

California 29820 41980

Kansas 21470 33780

Indiana 21420 33820

Michigan 27050 39590

South Carolina 19250 31940

North Carolina 21220 34120

Georgia 22940 35840

New York 30630 43590

New Mexico 19830 33000

Massachusetts 32100 45290

Missouri 20890 34460

Louisiana 17090 31230

Illinois 23990 38580

Rhode Island 23590 38240

Arizona 19950 34880

Virginia 22340 39130

Colorado 22770 39820

District of Columbia 24100 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 209

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Nevada $15400 $55590 2610

Massachusetts 17870 63330 2544

Illinois 13700 47070 2436

Idaho 13700 41370 2020

Florida 14030 39810 1837

Texas 13410 37080 1765

Alabama 13610 37490 1755

Oregon 15110 41030 1715

Georgia 12820 34540 1694

Pennsylvania 15470 39830 1575

Arizona 12190 31320 1569

West Virginia 12820 32830 1561

District of Columbia 13670 34720 1540

California 17450 43060 1468

Colorado 13800 33330 1415

Rhode Island 14970 34160 1282

New York 18610 42100 1262

Mississippi 14440 32650 1261

New Jersey 19330 43630 1257

Michigan 18830 42320 1247

Arkansas 12400 27800 1242

Kansas 14290 31900 1232

South Carolina 12740 28340 1224

Montana 12780 28280 1213

New Mexico 13210 29020 1197

North Carolina 13620 29720 1182

Virginia 15170 32960 1173

Louisiana 11900 25620 1153

Wisconsin 16110 34610 1148

Oklahoma 14010 30060 1146

Kentucky 18190 38630 1124

Missouri 14220 29510 1075

Indiana 14640 30110 1057

Ohio 19410 38380 977

Nebraska 14760 29120 973

Connecticut 22970 43690 902

Iowa 15700 28800 834

New Hampshire 19570 35690 824

Utah 17540 31530 798

Vermont 18770 33670 794

Minnesota 24060 42880 782

Tennessee 15800 28070 777

North Dakota 15690 27810 772

Hawaii 21980 38100 733

Maine 19850 34340 730

Washington 25730 42800 663

Maryland 23990 35760 491

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210 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

District of Columbia 4706

Arkansas 4696

North Dakota 4194

Louisiana 4056

Oklahoma 3953

West Virginia 3898

Tennessee 3821

Nebraska 3700

Alabama 3559

South Carolina 3541

Minnesota 3511

Missouri 3213

Ohio 3131

Mississippi 3121

Pennsylvania 2961

Kentucky 2921

Texas 2785

Delaware 2717

Massachusetts 2699

Florida 2696

Virginia 2629

Georgia 2616

Vermont 2581

Indiana 2535

Montana 2499

Kansas 2495

South Dakota 2460

New York 2453

Iowa 2339

Wisconsin 2320

Idaho 2196

Connecticut 2151

New Jersey 2145

Rhode Island 2097

North Carolina 2091

Hawaii 1985

Michigan 1798

Maine 1768

New Mexico 1752

Washington 1722

Illinois 1677

Arizona 1622

California 1512

Colorado 1429

Maryland 1409

Wyoming 1322

Utah 1254

Nevada 1134

Oregon 832

Alaska 811

New Hampshire NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 1000

South Carolina 949

Connecticut 781

North Dakota 773

Pennsylvania 727

Nebraska 697

Michigan 696

Delaware 686

West Virginia 671

Massachusetts 670

New York 658

Louisiana 637

Indiana 630

Rhode Island 628

Illinois 625

Kentucky 624

Missouri 622

Maine 602

Iowa 600

Oklahoma 596

Minnesota 590

Ohio 587

South Dakota 577

Arkansas 576

Vermont 574

Montana 568

Washington 553

Alaska 550

Alabama 538

Georgia 535

Oregon 533

Maryland 527

Tennessee 525

Wisconsin 519

New Mexico 514

Kansas 513

Hawaii 500

North Carolina 500

Texas 500

Wyoming 500

Mississippi 495

Virginia 495

New Jersey 488

California 477

Colorado 450

Florida 449

Idaho 388

Nevada 375

Utah 375

Arizona 357

New Hampshire NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 392

Nevada 369

Idaho 340

Utah 316

Florida 268

Colorado 263

Kansas 242

Oregon 239

California 238

Alabama 232

New Jersey 228

Virginia 223

Mississippi 223

North Carolina 221

Texas 218

New Mexico 209

Wisconsin 203

Maryland 196

Tennessee 196

Washington 191

Georgia 189

Alaska 173

Hawaii 171

Montana 168

Vermont 165

Arkansas 160

South Dakota 160

Ohio 153

Minnesota 152

Wyoming 152

Oklahoma 146

Maine 144

Iowa 144

Missouri 133

Kentucky 131

Rhode Island 131

Illinois 131

Indiana 129

Louisiana 126

Massachusetts 126

New York 112

West Virginia 106

Delaware 100

Nebraska 96

Michigan 95

Pennsylvania 82

North Dakota 63

Connecticut 62

South Carolina 14

District of Columbia 00

New Hampshire NA

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 211

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

District of Columbia $34410 $48370 406

New Jersey 35960 46010 279

New Mexico 29870 38030 273

South Carolina 27540 34960 269

Maryland 35960 44110 227

Colorado 30610 37410 222

Hawaii 31050 37730 215

Montana 24160 29300 213

Pennsylvania 30680 37040 207

Arkansas 24340 29370 207

Arizona 30500 36780 206

Washington 32270 38700 199

Delaware 34940 41720 194

Oklahoma 25130 29980 193

New York 31010 36970 192

Iowa 26490 31480 188

New Hampshire 31460 37400 189

Louisiana 25540 30360 189

Nebraska 26900 31860 184

Alabama 24210 28680 185

Virginia 29100 34430 183

Massachusetts 38090 44910 179

West Virginia 24220 28420 173

North Dakota 25770 30220 173

Kentucky 27500 32210 171

Wyoming 26810 31390 171

Florida 30110 35250 171

North Carolina 29650 34710 171

Georgia 26440 30920 169

Connecticut 41130 47860 164

Maine 28490 33140 163

Oregon 33330 38730 162

Vermont 28820 33410 159

South Dakota 24880 28720 154

Mississippi 23830 27500 154

California 36410 41920 151

Minnesota 30120 34660 151

Wisconsin 31520 36210 149

Illinois 30530 34980 146

Utah 28650 32710 142

Ohio 31640 36040 139

Missouri 27140 30910 139

Idaho 28130 32020 138

Michigan 32500 36920 136

Alaska 35500 40150 131

Nevada 34450 38820 127

Indiana 30730 34440 121

Tennessee 27660 30940 119

Texas 30740 34260 115

Rhode Island 38660 42730 105

Kansas 28810 31710 101

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

New Mexico $38030 $33000

Nevada 38820 34300

Rhode Island 42730 38240

Connecticut 47860 44400

South Carolina 34960 31940

New Jersey 46010 43040

Maryland 44110 41360

Delaware 41720 39050

Arizona 36780 34880

Oregon 38730 36980

Florida 35250 33750

Pennsylvania 37040 35970

Hawaii 37730 36750

Wisconsin 36210 35240

Indiana 34440 33820

North Carolina 34710 34120

Ohio 36040 35910

Kentucky 32210 32170

California 41920 41980

New Hampshire 37400 37450

Arkansas 29370 29560

Maine 33140 33480

South Dakota 28720 29080

Massachusetts 44910 45290

North Dakota 30220 30620

Iowa 31480 31990

Montana 29300 29880

Idaho 32020 32770

Louisiana 30360 31230

Texas 34260 35310

Wyoming 31390 32510

Mississippi 27500 28630

Oklahoma 29980 31150

Nebraska 31860 33060

Vermont 33410 34650

Utah 32710 34110

Tennessee 30940 32730

Alaska 40150 42170

West Virginia 28420 30470

Kansas 31710 33780

Washington 38700 40860

Colorado 37410 39820

Michigan 36920 39590

Alabama 28680 31940

Missouri 30910 34460

Illinois 34980 38580

Virginia 34430 39130

Georgia 30920 35840

Minnesota 34660 39840

New York 36970 43590

District of Columbia 48370 57980

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212 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Pennsylvania $25040 $52640 1102

New York 26410 50540 914

Illinois 24690 45600 847

Idaho 23050 41960 820

Texas 24690 44890 818

Utah 24200 43710 806

Kentucky 23990 43110 797

District of Columbia 36730 65930 795

Virginia 24930 44690 793

Missouri 23060 41310 791

Arizona 25590 45760 788

South Carolina 24410 43600 786

Georgia 23280 41360 777

Mississippi 20080 35670 776

Tennessee 23160 41140 776

Wyoming 23240 41080 768

Delaware 31220 54850 757

Indiana 25600 44930 755

New Jersey 34490 60530 755

Colorado 27500 48060 748

West Virginia 20710 36150 746

Arkansas 21810 38040 744

New Mexico 28420 49540 743

California 31530 54910 742

Maine 24600 42740 737

Florida 26040 45130 733

Maryland 33050 56690 715

Massachusetts 33520 57440 714

Nevada 27670 47030 700

Oklahoma 22710 38560 698

Rhode Island 32480 54950 692

Kansas 24390 41200 689

Nebraska 24440 41230 687

North Carolina 26210 44150 684

Alabama 21510 36190 682

Alaska 31020 51800 670

Louisiana 23240 38730 667

Iowa 24370 40110 646

Minnesota 26720 43820 640

Ohio 27640 45320 640

Vermont 26400 42310 603

Connecticut 37270 59720 602

Michigan 28650 45640 593

New Hampshire 29210 46460 591

Oregon 30170 47730 582

Wisconsin 28910 45440 572

North Dakota 24150 36970 531

Washington 30560 46640 526

South Dakota 23250 35410 523

Montana 23500 35670 518

Hawaii 30170 45490 508

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 213

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

South Dakota 998

North Dakota 790

Wisconsin 706

Minnesota 603

Iowa 598

Montana 572

West Virginia 563

Nebraska 561

Pennsylvania 534

Maine 524

Washington 501

Oregon 497

Idaho 482

Vermont 480

Kentucky 453

Michigan 447

Kansas 446

Missouri 437

Oklahoma 433

New Hampshire 413

New Mexico 404

Arkansas 399

Delaware 372

Tennessee 361

North Carolina 356

Virginia 354

Indiana 351

Louisiana 346

Ohio 346

Georgia 345

Alaska 343

New Jersey 326

Alabama 324

Rhode Island 315

Illinois 314

Florida 306

District of Columbia 301

Colorado 296

Connecticut 289

Mississippi 277

Massachusetts 268

Utah 267

Arizona 264

Wyoming 260

South Carolina 246

California 232

New York 227

Texas 205

Maryland 195

Nevada 161

Hawaii NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Wyoming 800

District of Columbia 750

South Carolina 725

Nebraska 692

Pennsylvania 612

North Dakota 600

Rhode Island 600

Michigan 585

Louisiana 580

West Virginia 576

Oregon 560

Illinois 549

Massachusetts 548

Vermont 545

Iowa 538

California 536

New York 533

Ohio 533

Maryland 526

Connecticut 525

Oklahoma 517

Alaska 500

Delaware 500

Montana 500

Kentucky 493

Washington 479

Indiana 475

North Carolina 462

Colorado 457

New Jersey 455

Texas 444

Mississippi 441

Maine 433

Minnesota 427

Kansas 421

Tennessee 421

New Hampshire 417

Wisconsin 412

Nevada 400

Missouri 391

South Dakota 389

Alabama 385

Arkansas 385

Virginia 375

Georgia 373

New Mexico 367

Florida 352

Idaho 333

Arizona 314

Utah 250

Hawaii NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 412

Utah 371

Idaho 370

Kansas 364

Nevada 343

Florida 342

Colorado 331

Georgia 315

Virginia 311

Arkansas 300

South Dakota 286

Missouri 270

Alabama 269

North Carolina 267

Wisconsin 266

Tennessee 263

New Hampshire 262

Maine 254

New Mexico 253

Oregon 251

Minnesota 247

Washington 240

Mississippi 240

Alaska 227

Texas 225

Massachusetts 221

New Jersey 214

Delaware 200

Montana 196

Iowa 194

Oklahoma 192

Indiana 190

Kentucky 186

Connecticut 180

Vermont 176

Maryland 175

Ohio 162

California 160

New York 159

Wyoming 154

Illinois 153

West Virginia 141

Michigan 131

Louisiana 129

North Dakota 126

Rhode Island 116

Pennsylvania 116

South Carolina 109

Nebraska 86

District of Columbia 59

Hawaii NA

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214 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Massachusetts $28400 $36850 298

Kansas 21240 27560 298

Colorado 26560 34440 297

Tennessee 22740 28310 245

Delaware 24830 30270 219

Nebraska 21200 25810 217

Louisiana 21340 25920 215

Idaho 23300 28030 203

Michigan 24970 29990 201

California 30670 36580 193

Iowa 22510 26780 190

Connecticut 29290 34780 187

Virginia 23900 28210 180

Wisconsin 25060 29410 174

Missouri 24160 28220 168

Maine 24950 29100 166

New York 27380 31860 164

Illinois 24310 28160 158

Kentucky 23400 26900 150

Arkansas 21740 24920 146

Rhode Island 27390 31160 138

West Virginia 20820 23680 137

North Dakota 21570 24500 136

Mississippi 21380 24180 131

New Jersey 30390 34370 131

Alaska 34090 38380 126

Georgia 24390 27300 119

Texas 25040 27940 116

District of Columbia 28910 32240 115

South Dakota 22580 25180 115

New Hampshire 27080 30180 114

Florida 24960 27780 113

Utah 24710 27350 107

Minnesota 27800 30560 99

Montana 23150 25400 97

Pennsylvania 24560 26860 94

Alabama 23290 25380 90

Vermont 25650 27890 87

Oregon 27510 29820 84

Washington 29950 32430 83

Arizona 27770 30050 82

Indiana 24920 26890 79

North Carolina 26300 28330 77

Ohio 25520 27410 74

Wyoming 22620 24210 70

South Carolina 26170 27850 64

New Mexico 24440 25890 59

Oklahoma 23370 23650 12

Maryland 33950 33960 00

Nevada 33400 32900 -15

Hawaii 33050 32050 -30

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Nevada $32900 $34300

Alaska 38380 42170

South Dakota 25180 29080

South Carolina 27850 31940

Maine 29100 33480

Tennessee 28310 32730

Mississippi 24180 28630

Montana 25400 29880

Arkansas 24920 29560

Hawaii 32050 36750

Idaho 28030 32770

Arizona 30050 34880

Iowa 26780 31990

Kentucky 26900 32170

Louisiana 25920 31230

Colorado 34440 39820

California 36580 41980

North Carolina 28330 34120

Wisconsin 29410 35240

Florida 27780 33750

North Dakota 24500 30620

Kansas 27560 33780

Missouri 28220 34460

Alabama 25380 31940

Utah 27350 34110

Vermont 27890 34650

West Virginia 23680 30470

Indiana 26890 33820

Rhode Island 31160 38240

New Mexico 25890 33000

Oregon 29820 36980

Nebraska 25810 33060

New Hampshire 30180 37450

Texas 27940 35310

Maryland 33960 41360

Oklahoma 23650 31150

Wyoming 24210 32510

Washington 32430 40860

Massachusetts 36850 45290

Ohio 27410 35910

Georgia 27300 35840

New Jersey 34370 43040

Delaware 30270 39050

Pennsylvania 26860 35970

Minnesota 30560 39840

Michigan 29990 39590

Connecticut 34780 44400

Illinois 28160 38580

Virginia 28210 39130

New York 31860 43590

District of Columbia 32240 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 215

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Oklahoma $14400 $33230 1308

Virginia 19060 42690 1240

Utah 16940 37850 1234

Colorado 24040 50010 1080

Maine 19940 41110 1062

South Carolina 17590 36120 1053

Texas 19220 38680 1012

Illinois 19520 38440 969

Tennessee 19810 38680 953

Massachusetts 25490 49680 949

Hawaii 22830 44030 929

California 24630 47280 920

New Jersey 23760 45410 911

Maryland 23650 44970 901

New York 22640 42980 898

Oregon 21050 39870 894

Missouri 19640 36990 883

Kansas 19640 36580 863

Florida 19320 35840 855

Georgia 19990 36360 819

Louisiana 18740 33990 814

District of Columbia 23910 43300 811

West Virginia 16900 30380 798

Kentucky 19300 34650 795

North Dakota 18290 32700 788

Washington 23830 42520 784

Montana 19000 33840 781

Mississippi 17880 31470 760

Iowa 19900 34780 748

New Mexico 19550 34080 743

Pennsylvania 20040 34820 738

Connecticut 25540 44190 730

New Hampshire 22730 39300 729

North Carolina 20940 36190 728

Nebraska 19550 33750 726

Indiana 20150 34420 708

South Dakota 19420 33000 699

Vermont 20490 34650 691

Michigan 22220 37530 689

Ohio 20780 34940 681

Arizona 22020 36760 669

Idaho 21630 35480 640

Wyoming 18270 29580 619

Rhode Island 24200 39100 616

Arkansas 18730 30170 611

Alabama 19620 31540 608

Delaware 24070 38250 589

Minnesota 23630 37540 589

Nevada 26060 41400 589

Wisconsin 23330 36090 547

Alaska 30960 45600 473

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216 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Pennsylvania 492

Ohio 159

North Dakota 140

Massachusetts 131

New Jersey 117

Wisconsin 112

Oklahoma 97

Connecticut 90

New Hampshire 81

New York 80

Nevada 78

Missouri 76

South Carolina 76

Minnesota 72

Maine 72

Washington 69

North Carolina 67

Indiana 67

Virginia 63

Utah 60

Alabama 58

Colorado 58

Florida 58

Louisiana 56

Arkansas 55

Texas 55

Illinois 54

New Mexico 54

Montana 54

Nebraska 53

Maryland 52

Michigan 50

Hawaii 49

Tennessee 45

Oregon 43

District of Columbia 43

Mississippi 41

Arizona 39

California 37

West Virginia 37

Kansas 37

Idaho 35

Georgia 32

Delaware 25

Alaska NA

Iowa NA

Kentucky NA

Rhode Island NA

South Dakota NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Oregon 600

South Carolina 600

Montana 500

New Jersey 500

Tennessee 500

West Virginia 500

Massachusetts 481

Colorado 476

Indiana 450

Oklahoma 450

Kansas 429

Connecticut 400

Pennsylvania 353

Alabama 333

Idaho 333

New York 333

North Carolina 333

Wisconsin 333

Illinois 310

Michigan 261

Maine 250

Minnesota 250

Mississippi 250

Nebraska 250

North Dakota 250

Ohio 240

California 222

Arizona 214

Maryland 214

Texas 214

New Hampshire 200

Arkansas 182

Virginia 182

Florida 160

Missouri 150

Louisiana 100

Nevada 100

Washington 100

Georgia 00

Utah 00

Alaska NA

Delaware NA

District of Columbia NA

Hawaii NA

Iowa NA

Kentucky NA

New Mexico NA

Rhode Island NA

South Dakota NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Virginia 599

Arkansas 593

Utah 571

Arizona 548

California 538

Nevada 529

Delaware 500

Mississippi 487

North Carolina 464

Texas 458

Florida 438

Idaho 426

Alabama 423

Colorado 423

Georgia 407

Ohio 403

Kansas 400

Louisiana 400

Missouri 395

New Hampshire 379

Wisconsin 377

Maryland 368

Michigan 340

Hawaii 333

Minnesota 326

Oklahoma 324

Massachusetts 321

Maine 301

New Mexico 300

Illinois 296

North Dakota 292

Pennsylvania 287

Nebraska 283

Tennessee 269

Indiana 268

New York 240

Montana 224

West Virginia 224

Washington 214

Oregon 200

Connecticut 194

South Carolina 129

District of Columbia 00

New Jersey 00

Alaska NA

Iowa NA

Kentucky NA

Rhode Island NA

South Dakota NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 217

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

North Carolina $27950 $40480 448

Nebraska 23580 33010 400

Utah 30210 39840 319

Michigan 29970 39480 317

Maryland 31590 40660 287

Maine 28540 36710 286

Washington 31740 38910 226

Texas 34660 42100 215

California 38300 45730 194

Pennsylvania 32250 38010 179

Rhode Island 33990 40010 177

New Hampshire 32310 37890 173

New Mexico 29680 34620 166

Nevada 28270 32880 163

Kentucky 35140 40480 152

Kansas 33020 37950 149

West Virginia 35400 40530 145

Hawaii 31780 36090 136

Colorado 31760 36030 134

Oregon 34290 38880 134

Alabama 34910 39240 124

Mississippi 32430 36330 120

Virginia 35580 39710 116

Florida 38650 43120 116

Arkansas 31420 34940 112

New York 33010 36660 111

Oklahoma 34050 37790 110

Connecticut 38290 42170 101

South Carolina 35610 38820 90

Vermont 30770 33340 84

Montana 28670 30840 76

District of Columbia 33630 35720 62

Massachusetts 35840 38070 62

Ohio 37210 39530 62

Indiana 36480 38720 61

Wisconsin 32700 34650 60

Iowa 31550 33210 53

New Jersey 37640 39560 51

Arizona 34350 35820 43

Minnesota 33400 33940 16

North Dakota 29080 28920 -06

Missouri 37190 35740 -39

Wyoming 29840 28500 -45

Louisiana 40500 37930 -63

Georgia 36000 33380 -73

Tennessee 47540 43700 -81

Illinois 35070 31800 -93

Delaware 41470 NA NA

Idaho NA 41380 NA

South Dakota NA 27520 NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Tennessee $43700 $32730

West Virginia 40530 30470

Florida 43120 33750

Idaho 41380 32770

Kentucky 40480 32170

Mississippi 36330 28630

Alabama 39240 31940

South Carolina 38820 31940

Texas 42100 35310

Louisiana 37930 31230

Oklahoma 37790 31150

North Carolina 40480 34120

Utah 39840 34110

Arkansas 34940 29560

Indiana 38720 33820

Kansas 37950 33780

California 45730 41980

Ohio 39530 35910

Maine 36710 33480

Pennsylvania 38010 35970

Oregon 38880 36980

Rhode Island 40010 38240

New Mexico 34620 33000

Missouri 35740 34460

Iowa 33210 31990

Montana 30840 29880

Arizona 35820 34880

Virginia 39710 39130

New Hampshire 37890 37450

Nebraska 33010 33060

Michigan 39480 39590

Wisconsin 34650 35240

Hawaii 36090 36750

Maryland 40660 41360

Vermont 33340 34650

Nevada 32880 34300

South Dakota 27520 29080

North Dakota 28920 30620

Washington 38910 40860

Connecticut 42170 44400

Georgia 33380 35840

New Jersey 39560 43040

Colorado 36030 39820

Wyoming 28500 32510

Minnesota 33940 39840

Illinois 31800 38580

New York 36660 43590

Massachusetts 38070 45290

District of Columbia 35720 57980

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218 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Arizona $15840 $54180 2420

New Mexico 19650 61770 2144

California 22330 67660 2030

Arkansas 17920 53790 2002

Oklahoma 19050 56710 1977

Illinois 15950 47280 1964

Georgia 17300 50150 1899

Montana 16560 41520 1507

Texas 24540 58210 1372

North Carolina 24320 55500 1282

Wyoming 18660 41980 1250

Idaho 27350 59390 1171

Nevada 21330 45470 1132

Indiana 24790 52830 1131

New York 24650 51460 1088

Missouri 23470 47480 1023

Louisiana 23890 48210 1018

Pennsylvania 26260 51660 967

Maryland 29020 56640 952

Iowa 22960 44670 946

Tennessee 30240 58830 945

Connecticut 28100 54450 938

Virginia 28780 54970 910

Mississippi 24270 46080 899

Nebraska 23390 43990 881

Michigan 28880 53830 864

New Jersey 28670 52700 838

Massachusetts 27410 50230 833

Kentucky 29970 53770 794

Kansas 27880 49960 792

District of Columbia 26750 47890 790

West Virginia 30420 54060 777

New Hampshire 27760 48680 754

Ohio 30010 51870 728

Minnesota 25380 43500 714

Maine 28150 48040 707

Alabama 30280 51630 705

Florida 32660 54990 684

South Dakota 20640 34740 683

Utah 30490 50930 670

Colorado 26870 44620 661

Vermont 26150 42700 633

South Carolina 29210 47270 618

Wisconsin 27210 43730 607

North Dakota 23300 35570 527

Washington 30720 46420 511

Rhode Island 32030 47950 497

Hawaii 29780 43500 461

Oregon 31460 45510 447

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 219

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Illinois 342

Delaware 323

Wisconsin 316

Massachusetts 293

South Carolina 278

Connecticut 278

Tennessee 264

Ohio 262

Kentucky 254

Arizona 243

California 234

New Jersey 233

Nebraska 233

Pennsylvania 224

Iowa 223

South Dakota 218

Washington 218

Indiana 211

Kansas 210

Oklahoma 209

Louisiana 203

West Virginia 202

Texas 200

New Mexico 199

Michigan 182

Georgia 182

New York 177

New Hampshire 173

Hawaii 162

Alabama 154

Colorado 153

Florida 153

Arkansas 150

North Dakota 150

Maryland 147

District of Columbia 147

Virginia 145

Missouri 144

Utah 142

Mississippi 137

Minnesota 133

Nevada 129

Vermont 125

Wyoming 120

North Carolina 113

Idaho 109

Montana 80

Alaska 78

Maine 63

Rhode Island 25

Oregon NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 1000

West Virginia 875

Massachusetts 704

Louisiana 700

Indiana 675

Arkansas 667

Maine 667

Missouri 667

New York 667

Illinois 635

Connecticut 633

Rhode Island 625

Michigan 618

Alabama 600

Maryland 600

Pennsylvania 588

Virginia 588

Kansas 577

Ohio 573

Tennessee 545

South Carolina 525

Minnesota 522

Washington 520

Florida 511

Georgia 500

Idaho 500

Iowa 500

Montana 500

Nebraska 500

New Jersey 500

North Carolina 500

North Dakota 500

Oklahoma 500

South Dakota 500

Texas 500

Utah 500

Wisconsin 500

Kentucky 475

Mississippi 467

California 455

Colorado 455

New Hampshire 444

Delaware 385

Nevada 350

Arizona 348

Vermont 333

Hawaii 00

Alaska NA

New Mexico NA

Oregon NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Nevada 464

Colorado 420

Alaska 400

Arizona 336

Utah 333

Delaware 308

New Hampshire 244

Vermont 234

Idaho 226

California 220

Mississippi 214

North Carolina 213

Kentucky 206

New Jersey 200

Kansas 193

North Dakota 189

Washington 189

New Mexico 189

Texas 184

Nebraska 174

Alabama 174

Florida 173

Tennessee 170

South Carolina 167

Wisconsin 163

Georgia 161

South Dakota 157

Minnesota 155

Iowa 153

Montana 151

Ohio 137

Oklahoma 137

Virginia 132

Maryland 131

Pennsylvania 127

Missouri 122

Michigan 120

Arkansas 118

Connecticut 115

Rhode Island 111

Louisiana 110

Illinois 107

Massachusetts 106

Hawaii 100

Indiana 100

Maine 98

New York 86

West Virginia 41

Wyoming 00

District of Columbia 00

Oregon NA

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220 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Texas $16070 $21980 368

Idaho 17800 24320 366

Wyoming 17630 23200 316

Vermont 15210 19750 298

Illinois 19400 24300 253

District of Columbia 22660 28250 247

New Mexico 19550 23990 227

Arizona 19270 23430 216

Colorado 21260 25560 202

Utah 19110 22640 185

South Dakota 16350 19210 175

Missouri 18370 21470 169

Michigan 17080 19590 147

Connecticut 18520 21110 140

New Hampshire 16300 18530 137

Indiana 16610 18790 131

New Jersey 16820 18990 129

Montana 18680 20980 123

Maryland 17530 19600 118

Pennsylvania 15230 16970 114

Rhode Island 18220 20180 108

Kentucky 16650 18430 107

Georgia 16100 17800 106

Minnesota 19110 21130 106

Ohio 17080 18840 103

Maine 16440 18000 95

Louisiana 16070 17580 94

Arkansas 15560 16970 91

New York 19380 20870 77

Wisconsin 19540 20940 72

Nebraska 19290 20650 71

Nevada 22660 24120 64

Mississippi 16630 17690 64

Tennessee 18380 19530 63

Kansas 17150 18140 58

Oklahoma 16070 16770 44

Massachusetts 19500 20180 35

Alabama 14970 15400 29

Washington 21590 21990 19

Hawaii 19450 19700 13

Delaware 19050 19120 04

West Virginia 15100 14940 -11

Iowa 18280 18050 -13

Virginia 18370 17860 -28

California 23940 23050 -37

Florida 18600 17550 -56

North Dakota 18380 16730 -90

North Carolina 19550 17480 -106

South Carolina 17900 15740 -121

Alaska 23480 NA NA

Oregon 23820 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Idaho $24320 $32770

Montana 20980 29880

New Mexico 23990 33000

Wyoming 23200 32510

South Dakota 19210 29080

Nevada 24120 34300

Mississippi 17690 28630

Arizona 23430 34880

Utah 22640 34110

Nebraska 20650 33060

Arkansas 16970 29560

Missouri 21470 34460

Tennessee 19530 32730

Texas 21980 35310

Louisiana 17580 31230

Kentucky 18430 32170

North Dakota 16730 30620

Iowa 18050 31990

Colorado 25560 39820

Illinois 24300 38580

Wisconsin 20940 35240

Oklahoma 16770 31150

Vermont 19750 34650

Indiana 18790 33820

Maine 18000 33480

West Virginia 14940 30470

Kansas 18140 33780

South Carolina 15740 31940

Florida 17550 33750

Alabama 15400 31940

North Carolina 17480 34120

Hawaii 19700 36750

Ohio 18840 35910

Georgia 17800 35840

Rhode Island 20180 38240

Minnesota 21130 39840

Washington 21990 40860

California 23050 41980

New Hampshire 18530 37450

Pennsylvania 16970 35970

Delaware 19120 39050

Michigan 19590 39590

Virginia 17860 39130

Maryland 19600 41360

New York 20870 43590

Connecticut 21110 44400

New Jersey 18990 43040

Massachusetts 20180 45290

District of Columbia 28250 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 221

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

District of Columbia $13710 $46780 2412

New Mexico 13350 40290 2018

New York 12650 33250 1628

Missouri 12930 33560 1596

Iowa 11860 28020 1363

Maryland 13420 31160 1322

New Jersey 12280 28210 1297

Wisconsin 13350 29390 1201

Texas 14430 31680 1195

Pennsylvania 11870 25750 1169

Illinois 15440 33490 1169

Wyoming 15450 32840 1126

Utah 15660 33140 1116

Michigan 14030 28440 1027

Arizona 15380 30940 1012

Delaware 13800 27620 1001

Florida 12400 24580 982

Rhode Island 14980 29630 978

Tennessee 14050 27660 969

Ohio 13260 26060 965

California 16420 31940 945

Hawaii 13990 26960 927

Oklahoma 12070 23140 917

Connecticut 15680 29330 871

West Virginia 11440 21390 870

Alabama 11570 21460 855

Massachusetts 14970 27600 844

Colorado 18600 34190 838

Nevada 18150 33240 831

Nebraska 15050 27380 819

North Carolina 12720 23110 817

Montana 15510 27940 801

Minnesota 15450 27790 799

Idaho 18370 32940 793

Mississippi 13300 23660 779

Maine 14160 24840 754

South Carolina 12000 20930 744

Kansas 14370 24610 713

Arkansas 13410 22260 660

Washington 16890 27980 657

Indiana 14700 23820 620

Georgia 14280 22880 602

Vermont 15610 24950 598

Virginia 14200 22450 581

Kentucky 14550 22960 578

New Hampshire 14820 23070 557

Louisiana 14190 21990 550

North Dakota 14220 21000 477

South Dakota 15580 22700 457

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Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

North Dakota 303

Arizona 274

Rhode Island 222

Kansas 199

Oklahoma 198

West Virginia 191

Nevada 189

Connecticut 173

New Mexico 172

New Jersey 163

South Dakota 163

Washington 162

Nebraska 155

Maryland 153

Iowa 152

Wisconsin 151

Idaho 150

Delaware 149

Hawaii 146

Texas 143

Arkansas 142

Kentucky 140

Pennsylvania 138

Indiana 135

New York 135

Virginia 126

Louisiana 123

California 120

Colorado 116

Massachusetts 115

Missouri 114

Michigan 109

Illinois 108

Maine 104

Alabama 98

Montana 97

Mississippi 97

Tennessee 95

Ohio 95

Oregon 94

North Carolina 89

Florida 89

Georgia 88

Minnesota 85

New Hampshire 76

District of Columbia 62

Alaska 55

Utah 30

South Carolina NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

District of Columbia 1000

Rhode Island 800

Oregon 550

Washington 500

Colorado 458

Nebraska 455

Massachusetts 440

New Hampshire 400

Pennsylvania 380

Indiana 375

North Dakota 375

Illinois 371

Connecticut 367

Michigan 353

Minnesota 350

Kansas 348

Georgia 340

Missouri 333

Montana 333

Tennessee 333

Ohio 316

West Virginia 316

Louisiana 300

Maine 286

New York 286

South Dakota 286

Maryland 280

Kentucky 278

Mississippi 278

Nevada 267

Oklahoma 267

Alabama 250

Delaware 250

Iowa 250

Texas 244

Arkansas 222

Florida 222

New Jersey 222

Virginia 217

California 212

Arizona 207

New Mexico 200

North Carolina 200

Wisconsin 200

Idaho 176

Utah 00

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

South Carolina NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Idaho 668

Arizona 647

California 619

Virginia 590

Utah 571

Kansas 556

Nevada 537

Arkansas 522

Colorado 500

Delaware 500

New Jersey 500

New Mexico 500

Texas 500

Alaska 486

Florida 473

Mississippi 473

Wisconsin 463

Kentucky 449

North Carolina 446

Hawaii 444

Georgia 440

Maryland 428

Montana 420

Tennessee 418

Maine 400

South Dakota 387

New York 384

Louisiana 382

Massachusetts 378

West Virginia 377

Alabama 364

Ohio 361

Iowa 337

New Hampshire 330

Oklahoma 319

Connecticut 317

Missouri 308

Michigan 303

Indiana 301

Minnesota 296

Pennsylvania 288

Illinois 287

North Dakota 271

Oregon 242

Nebraska 231

Washington 204

District of Columbia 57

Rhode Island 51

South Carolina NA

Vermont NA

Wyoming NA

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 223

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Delaware $19290 $28020 453

Montana 17050 23710 391

Texas 18550 25800 391

Virginia 17810 22100 241

Illinois 21240 26020 225

Nevada 18900 22930 213

Minnesota 21760 26030 196

Colorado 20640 24420 183

West Virginia 17770 20760 168

Wisconsin 20180 23560 167

California 22500 26280 168

Arkansas 16140 18530 148

Nebraska 16900 19340 144

Oklahoma 17470 19950 142

Idaho 16800 19160 140

Wyoming 17070 19420 138

Maine 20210 22990 138

New Hampshire 22560 25520 131

Oregon 20220 22780 127

Vermont 21170 23700 120

Georgia 18050 20200 119

New Jersey 20460 22810 115

Washington 20860 23170 111

Michigan 22860 25310 107

Alabama 17210 18980 103

Louisiana 16300 17910 99

Kentucky 19620 21530 97

Arizona 19320 21080 91

Iowa 20070 21820 87

South Dakota 17910 19450 86

Connecticut 24230 26260 84

North Dakota 19350 20850 78

Utah 17860 19170 73

Pennsylvania 21090 22580 71

New York 23820 25470 69

Kansas 19290 20580 67

North Carolina 21150 22380 58

Maryland 20610 21460 41

Tennessee 19040 19750 37

Massachusetts 25510 26000 19

Mississippi 19120 19430 16

Missouri 20990 21100 05

New Mexico 21650 21740 04

Ohio 22720 22750 01

Florida 21280 20880 -19

Hawaii 25550 25070 -19

Indiana 24630 22150 -101

South Carolina 27140 20100 -259

Rhode Island 32620 21430 -343

Alaska 25310 NA NA

District of Columbia 22240 NA NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Montana $23710 $29880

Mississippi 19430 28630

Texas 25800 35310

South Dakota 19450 29080

West Virginia 20760 30470

North Dakota 20850 30620

Iowa 21820 31990

Maine 22990 33480

Kentucky 21530 32170

Vermont 23700 34650

Delaware 28020 39050

Arkansas 18530 29560

Oklahoma 19950 31150

New Mexico 21740 33000

Nevada 22930 34300

Indiana 22150 33820

Wisconsin 23560 35240

Hawaii 25070 36750

North Carolina 22380 34120

South Carolina 20100 31940

New Hampshire 25520 37450

Illinois 26020 38580

Florida 20880 33750

Alabama 18980 31940

Tennessee 19750 32730

Wyoming 19420 32510

Ohio 22750 35910

Kansas 20580 33780

Louisiana 17910 31230

Missouri 21100 34460

Pennsylvania 22580 35970

Idaho 19160 32770

Nebraska 19340 33060

Minnesota 26030 39840

Arizona 21080 34880

Oregon 22780 36980

Michigan 25310 39590

Utah 19170 34110

Colorado 24420 39820

Georgia 20200 35840

California 26280 41980

Rhode Island 21430 38240

Virginia 22100 39130

Washington 23170 40860

Connecticut 26260 44400

New York 25470 43590

Massachusetts 26000 45290

Maryland 21460 41360

New Jersey 22810 43040

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224 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Texas $14530 $57490 2957

Illinois 15730 39350 1502

California 17030 41810 1455

Delaware 18890 41990 1223

Colorado 15300 33920 1217

Montana 15600 33410 1142

New Hampshire 16150 34540 1139

Arizona 13680 28350 1072

Mississippi 14420 29470 1044

Idaho 12990 26480 1038

Georgia 13650 27630 1024

Hawaii 17400 34670 993

Oklahoma 14730 29260 986

Kentucky 14250 28140 975

West Virginia 14780 29090 968

Nevada 16450 32150 954

New York 17770 34610 948

Maryland 15290 29690 942

Massachusetts 18790 36080 920

Missouri 15140 28980 914

Pennsylvania 15870 30160 900

Minnesota 18740 35490 894

Ohio 16090 29720 847

Wyoming 14290 26390 847

Michigan 18460 34010 842

Nebraska 14060 25840 838

New Mexico 15950 28930 814

Alabama 14380 26050 812

North Carolina 15780 28580 811

Maine 17850 32250 807

Connecticut 19240 34540 795

Louisiana 13340 23890 791

Rhode Island 15420 27590 789

New Jersey 16670 29820 789

Indiana 15910 28440 788

Florida 15380 27310 776

Kansas 15220 26860 765

Vermont 17450 30720 760

South Carolina 15190 26560 749

Washington 17090 29640 734

Virginia 16410 28380 729

Tennessee 14660 24970 703

Iowa 16390 27800 696

North Dakota 15870 26680 681

South Dakota 14940 25010 674

Wisconsin 17640 29170 654

Oregon 17540 28480 624

Utah 15120 24470 618

Arkansas 14420 22600 567

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 225

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 640

Idaho 635

Arkansas 610

Wyoming 600

Utah 583

Virginia 561

Nevada 544

California 538

New Mexico 526

Kansas 519

Maine 514

Mississippi 503

Colorado 500

Montana 485

Texas 485

North Carolina 477

Georgia 464

Florida 463

New Hampshire 453

Tennessee 435

Wisconsin 427

Maryland 419

West Virginia 406

Alaska 400

Louisiana 400

New Jersey 400

Kentucky 397

South Dakota 390

Delaware 389

Ohio 381

Vermont 381

Missouri 377

Hawaii 375

Minnesota 374

Iowa 371

Massachusetts 366

Alabama 360

Rhode Island 355

New York 346

Michigan 333

Illinois 333

Indiana 315

Nebraska 306

North Dakota 306

Pennsylvania 289

Oklahoma 275

Oregon 265

Connecticut 255

Washington 217

South Carolina 214

District of Columbia 143

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Tennessee 318

Ohio 313

South Dakota 263

Massachusetts 256

Arizona 252

South Carolina 251

West Virginia 244

Maine 244

Wisconsin 241

New Hampshire 241

Oklahoma 229

Missouri 229

Delaware 223

Kentucky 213

Iowa 211

Rhode Island 203

Alabama 199

Michigan 194

Pennsylvania 194

Illinois 193

Florida 193

Kansas 192

New York 184

Arkansas 184

North Carolina 182

Indiana 180

Washington 175

Virginia 169

Minnesota 168

Connecticut 159

Mississippi 157

Texas 152

Nevada 152

Colorado 151

Nebraska 148

Montana 147

Georgia 146

Oregon 139

Hawaii 130

Idaho 124

District of Columbia 124

Louisiana 123

New Jersey 117

North Dakota 114

California 111

Utah 103

New Mexico 102

Vermont 102

Wyoming 100

Maryland 96

Alaska 78

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Oregon 567

District of Columbia 500

Colorado 460

Oklahoma 450

South Carolina 450

Massachusetts 444

Washington 425

Pennsylvania 367

Kansas 357

Michigan 337

Illinois 336

Alabama 333

Nebraska 333

New Jersey 333

New York 333

North Dakota 333

Vermont 333

Ohio 306

Minnesota 304

Connecticut 300

Indiana 300

Kentucky 300

Missouri 300

North Carolina 300

Iowa 286

West Virginia 280

Georgia 275

Delaware 273

Rhode Island 273

South Dakota 273

Tennessee 273

Louisiana 267

New Hampshire 263

Nevada 261

Maryland 258

Mississippi 258

Texas 256

Florida 255

California 250

Wisconsin 250

Maine 238

Virginia 236

Idaho 231

Montana 222

Arizona 209

Arkansas 205

Utah 00

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

New Mexico NA

Wyoming NA

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226 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Louisiana $24770 $39540 596

Nebraska 26150 36640 401

Maryland 29800 41560 395

Idaho 27170 37190 369

Nevada 34190 42870 254

Kentucky 30330 37960 252

Vermont 28150 34910 240

Oklahoma 31650 39050 234

Iowa 26850 32860 224

West Virginia 27580 33300 207

Delaware 31880 38360 203

Indiana 33940 40490 193

Kansas 30670 36530 191

Illinois 32060 38150 190

Washington 32710 38580 179

Tennessee 33130 38770 170

Utah 29860 34920 169

Arizona 28400 32690 151

New Jersey 34950 40200 150

Massachusetts 35220 40490 150

Wisconsin 31850 36330 141

Arkansas 32590 37170 141

New Hampshire 34390 38910 131

Colorado 29930 33860 131

Pennsylvania 30340 34280 130

Rhode Island 34670 39030 126

South Dakota 23810 26760 124

Maine 33290 37220 118

Oregon 34920 38890 114

District of Columbia 32960 36690 113

Alaska 30770 33950 103

Alabama 35870 39300 96

Wyoming 30320 33010 89

Connecticut 33640 36520 86

Michigan 32120 34780 83

Texas 38300 41390 81

Mississippi 30410 32820 79

Florida 37410 39940 68

Virginia 36550 38910 65

North Carolina 37140 39480 63

California 40860 42960 51

Montana 29400 30810 48

North Dakota 24940 26090 46

New York 35800 37160 38

South Carolina 37330 38530 32

Ohio 37450 38290 22

Missouri 35000 35600 17

New Mexico 31540 32060 16

Minnesota 33620 33570 -01

Hawaii 33370 33030 -10

Georgia 38780 37740 -27

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Nevada $42870 $34300

Louisiana 39540 31230

Oklahoma 39050 31150

Arkansas 37170 29560

Alabama 39300 31940

Indiana 40490 33820

South Carolina 38530 31940

Florida 39940 33750

Texas 41390 35310

Tennessee 38770 32730

Kentucky 37960 32170

North Carolina 39480 34120

Idaho 37190 32770

Mississippi 32820 28630

Maine 37220 33480

Nebraska 36640 33060

West Virginia 33300 30470

Kansas 36530 33780

Ohio 38290 35910

Georgia 37740 35840

Oregon 38890 36980

New Hampshire 38910 37450

Missouri 35600 34460

Wisconsin 36330 35240

California 42960 41980

Montana 30810 29880

Iowa 32860 31990

Utah 34920 34110

Rhode Island 39030 38240

Wyoming 33010 32510

Vermont 34910 34650

Maryland 41560 41360

Virginia 38910 39130

Illinois 38150 38580

Delaware 38360 39050

New Mexico 32060 33000

Pennsylvania 34280 35970

Arizona 32690 34880

Washington 38580 40860

South Dakota 26760 29080

New Jersey 40200 43040

Hawaii 33030 36750

North Dakota 26090 30620

Massachusetts 40490 45290

Michigan 34780 39590

Colorado 33860 39820

Minnesota 33570 39840

New York 37160 43590

Connecticut 36520 44400

Alaska 33950 42170

District of Columbia 36690 57980

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 227

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Mississippi $16630 $51450 2094

Louisiana 19800 55770 1817

Idaho 19550 54270 1776

California 21760 60020 1758

New Mexico 16950 45330 1674

West Virginia 17290 46080 1665

Texas 22580 57590 1550

Maryland 23050 57450 1492

Oklahoma 24020 59040 1458

Wyoming 18510 44120 1384

Virginia 22700 53530 1358

Connecticut 21780 51200 1351

Arizona 19460 45250 1325

Delaware 23130 53740 1323

Georgia 22790 52790 1316

North Dakota 15580 35650 1288

New York 23570 53390 1265

Illinois 24630 54250 1203

Nebraska 22770 50080 1199

Nevada 26080 56250 1157

Arkansas 24520 51590 1104

Kentucky 24910 51860 1082

Iowa 21240 44140 1078

Montana 19990 41340 1068

Florida 26170 53600 1048

South Carolina 25750 51980 1019

Michigan 22210 44510 1004

Missouri 23460 46690 990

Tennessee 26510 52730 989

New Jersey 26970 53390 980

Pennsylvania 23090 44850 942

Hawaii 22900 43610 904

Alabama 28970 52030 796

Alaska 24640 43880 781

Colorado 24510 43620 780

North Carolina 29210 51780 773

Minnesota 24640 43400 761

Kansas 26210 46130 760

Massachusetts 30240 53160 758

Utah 25250 44260 753

Indiana 30280 52440 732

Ohio 29280 50000 708

South Dakota 20720 34130 647

Washington 29710 48650 637

Wisconsin 27220 44550 637

District of Columbia 28800 46660 620

Vermont 27400 43480 587

New Hampshire 29840 47300 585

Oregon 29420 45500 547

Maine 29360 45360 545

Rhode Island 30150 45930 523

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228 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

North Dakota 295

Connecticut 254

District of Columbia 253

Massachusetts 184

Nebraska 167

Minnesota 161

Mississippi 149

Kansas 147

Pennsylvania 147

Iowa 143

Maine 143

New York 138

Delaware 136

New Hampshire 135

Wisconsin 134

Montana 128

Utah 125

Illinois 120

Missouri 120

Louisiana 118

Oklahoma 109

Ohio 109

Vermont 104

Indiana 97

New Jersey 93

South Dakota 82

Maryland 79

West Virginia 78

Georgia 77

New Mexico 75

Idaho 75

Michigan 75

Arizona 72

Colorado 69

North Carolina 63

Arkansas 50

Kentucky 48

Oregon 48

Virginia 46

Alaska 44

Washington 43

Florida 41

Alabama 40

Tennessee 40

Texas 35

California 31

Hawaii NA

Nevada NA

Rhode Island NA

South Carolina NA

Wyoming NA

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

Louisiana 1000

District of Columbia 1000

Michigan 1000

New Jersey 1000

North Dakota 1000

South Dakota 1000

Tennessee 1000

Massachusetts 968

Minnesota 950

Missouri 950

Ohio 938

Indiana 900

Virginia 889

Connecticut 867

New York 857

Georgia 850

Pennsylvania 833

Oklahoma 800

Maryland 786

Illinois 783

Nebraska 778

Kansas 769

California 750

Delaware 750

Texas 750

West Virginia 750

Kentucky 714

Oregon 700

Maine 667

Mississippi 667

New Hampshire 667

Vermont 667

Wisconsin 667

Florida 650

Arkansas 600

Montana 600

Washington 600

Alabama 500

North Carolina 500

Utah 500

Colorado 438

Arizona 409

Idaho 400

Iowa 00

Alaska NA

Hawaii NA

Nevada NA

New Mexico NA

Rhode Island NA

South Carolina NA

Wyoming NA

Total Growth

State Percentage

Arizona 312

Colorado 290

Utah 276

Idaho 218

New Mexico 214

Oregon 176

Alabama 167

Montana 162

Washington 154

Alaska 143

Arkansas 125

New Hampshire 116

Mississippi 110

Florida 101

North Carolina 96

Wisconsin 96

Maine 92

California 91

Oklahoma 79

Vermont 78

Kentucky 76

Kansas 75

Maryland 70

Illinois 67

Texas 67

South Dakota 65

Nebraska 56

Pennsylvania 50

Iowa 48

Connecticut 45

Georgia 45

Tennessee 43

New York 38

Indiana 33

Virginia 21

Ohio 16

Missouri 15

West Virginia 14

Massachusetts 08

Minnesota 05

Delaware 00

New Jersey 00

District of Columbia 00

Michigan 00

North Dakota 00

Louisiana 00

Hawaii NA

Nevada NA

Rhode Island NA

South Carolina NA

Wyoming NA

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Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 229

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Wyoming $23000 $38410 670

New Hampshire 25630 37190 451

Vermont 31300 44910 435

Illinois 24070 32350 344

Colorado 25450 34160 342

Iowa 24020 31910 328

Louisiana 24540 32580 328

Texas 25040 32730 307

Maine 24510 31960 304

Kentucky 24940 31990 283

Arkansas 23400 29880 277

Montana 21900 27940 276

Indiana 23960 30330 266

California 34390 41850 217

Pennsylvania 28040 33900 209

Missouri 27050 32520 202

Florida 29750 35590 196

Wisconsin 26790 31920 191

Connecticut 34640 41210 190

Idaho 29940 35630 190

Minnesota 32640 38790 188

Hawaii 35750 42430 187

South Dakota 29370 34770 184

Nebraska 23000 27230 184

Maryland 31530 37280 182

New Jersey 32730 38580 179

Tennessee 27090 31810 174

Nevada 27610 32140 164

Ohio 30110 34820 156

Virginia 28040 32030 142

Michigan 31780 36110 136

Washington 38630 43820 134

New York 36660 41320 127

Delaware 29630 33260 123

Massachusetts 28920 32230 114

North Carolina 28850 31900 106

Utah 27250 30080 104

West Virginia 24460 26580 87

Alabama 27820 30240 87

Georgia 30310 32580 75

Arizona 28580 30260 59

Mississippi 25800 27230 55

Oregon 33070 34710 50

Kansas 28200 29380 42

Oklahoma 30080 30530 15

North Dakota 28210 28370 06

South Carolina 27570 26010 -57

Rhode Island 35540 33140 -68

New Mexico 32990 28540 -135

Alaska 36740 NA NA

District of Columbia NA 41830 NA

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Vermont $44910 $34650

Wyoming 38410 32510

South Dakota 34770 29080

Hawaii 42430 36750

Washington 43820 40860

Idaho 35630 32770

Florida 35590 33750

Louisiana 32580 31230

Arkansas 29880 29560

Iowa 31910 31990

California 41850 41980

Kentucky 31990 32170

New Hampshire 37190 37450

Oklahoma 30530 31150

Tennessee 31810 32730

Minnesota 38790 39840

Ohio 34820 35910

Mississippi 27230 28630

Maine 31960 33480

Alabama 30240 31940

Missouri 32520 34460

Montana 27940 29880

Pennsylvania 33900 35970

Nevada 32140 34300

North Carolina 31900 34120

North Dakota 28370 30620

New York 41320 43590

Oregon 34710 36980

Texas 32730 35310

Connecticut 41210 44400

Georgia 32580 35840

Wisconsin 31920 35240

Michigan 36110 39590

Indiana 30330 33820

West Virginia 26580 30470

Utah 30080 34110

Maryland 37280 41360

Kansas 29380 33780

New Jersey 38580 43040

New Mexico 28540 33000

Arizona 30260 34880

Rhode Island 33140 38240

Colorado 34160 39820

Delaware 33260 39050

Nebraska 27230 33060

South Carolina 26010 31940

Illinois 32350 38580

Virginia 32030 39130

Massachusetts 32230 45290

District of Columbia 41830 57980

Ap

pend

ix B

Ta

ble

s |

Oth

er F

rontlin

e O

ccup

atio

nal R

ole

s | R

ecre

atio

nal T

hera

pists

230 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Illinois $16200 $52670 2251

Montana 13510 43180 2196

Oklahoma 17070 49590 1905

Pennsylvania 19580 53350 1725

Texas 19350 52410 1709

Kansas 16530 44450 1689

New Mexico 16520 43520 1634

Iowa 19630 51640 1631

New Jersey 21190 55570 1622

Virginia 19120 49990 1615

California 22640 58820 1598

Arizona 16910 43760 1588

Colorado 20050 51370 1562

Oregon 20860 53000 1541

West Virginia 16040 40070 1498

Connecticut 26740 66300 1479

Michigan 21050 52090 1475

Rhode Island 20660 50960 1467

Idaho 20530 50500 1460

Maryland 22280 53780 1414

Nebraska 16330 39130 1396

District of Columbia 25240 60250 1387

North Dakota 16990 40460 1381

Wisconsin 19760 46880 1372

Indiana 19400 45900 1366

Massachusetts 20330 47370 1330

Florida 21620 50370 1330

Louisiana 20200 47050 1329

Arkansas 19300 44570 1309

Alabama 19300 43710 1265

Tennessee 20190 45670 1262

Utah 19090 42280 1215

South Carolina 17000 37600 1212

Missouri 20330 44060 1167

Washington 26780 57160 1134

South Dakota 24230 50830 1098

Vermont 30350 63210 1083

New York 27270 56320 1065

Minnesota 27620 53550 939

Georgia 23190 44760 930

Maine 22270 42870 925

Hawaii 30330 57670 901

Ohio 24760 46650 884

North Carolina 23060 43240 875

Nevada 23760 43340 824

Kentucky 23980 43730 824

Delaware 24160 43920 818

Wyoming 29010 52220 800

Mississippi 21070 35400 680

New Hampshire 29350 45390 547

Ap

pend

ix B

Ta

ble

s |

Oth

er F

rontlin

e O

ccup

atio

nal R

ole

s | R

ecre

atio

nal T

hera

pists

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 231

Total Growth

State Percentage

Maryland 550

Nevada 462

Arizona 451

Tennessee 439

Utah 430

New Hampshire 418

New Mexico 407

Minnesota 390

New Jersey 386

South Dakota 379

Maine 358

Wyoming 357

Indiana 343

Idaho 336

Wisconsin 331

Virginia 331

Georgia 328

Oklahoma 319

Alaska 314

Montana 312

North Carolina 291

Hawaii 290

Kentucky 260

Iowa 260

Rhode Island 258

Colorado 250

New York 248

Illinois 231

Pennsylvania 221

Florida 212

Vermont 210

Alabama 204

Oregon 202

Delaware 200

Texas 191

Connecticut 172

Washington 162

California 158

South Carolina 155

West Virginia 149

Missouri 132

Arkansas 130

Massachusetts 127

Nebraska 121

Kansas 108

Louisiana 107

District of Columbia 100

Mississippi 90

Michigan 86

Ohio 76

North Dakota 06

Annual Openings Due to Replacements

State Percentage

North Dakota 923

Ohio 750

District of Columbia 714

Michigan 714

Mississippi 714

Louisiana 700

Nebraska 667

Kansas 652

Missouri 646

Arkansas 636

Massachusetts 616

South Carolina 610

Wyoming 600

Washington 598

California 595

Connecticut 575

West Virginia 571

Texas 541

Vermont 529

Florida 526

Delaware 524

Alabama 500

Hawaii 500

Oregon 500

Pennsylvania 500

Illinois 498

New York 477

Kentucky 472

Iowa 471

Rhode Island 457

Alaska 450

Colorado 446

North Carolina 433

Montana 429

Oklahoma 418

Georgia 414

Virginia 411

Idaho 407

Indiana 400

Nevada 400

New Mexico 400

South Dakota 400

Utah 400

Wisconsin 400

Maine 386

New Jersey 372

Minnesota 372

New Hampshire 349

Arizona 333

Tennessee 308

Maryland 295

Per Capita (total population)

State Per 100000

Washington 1625

Connecticut 1142

District of Columbia 1128

Maine 925

Oklahoma 889

North Dakota 843

New Jersey 816

Kansas 781

Idaho 710

North Carolina 695

Massachusetts 686

Rhode Island 681

Maryland 674

Vermont 649

New Mexico 636

Delaware 620

Missouri 614

South Carolina 614

Iowa 610

Alaska 546

Virginia 538

New Hampshire 528

Wisconsin 517

Nebraska 492

Oregon 491

New York 481

Minnesota 476

Florida 415

Illinois 403

Indiana 398

Utah 341

Colorado 320

South Dakota 320

West Virginia 301

Montana 289

Wyoming 280

California 272

Ohio 252

Hawaii 251

Arizona 243

Mississippi 229

Arkansas 227

Pennsylvania 220

Alabama 219

Texas 205

Michigan 197

Louisiana 188

Kentucky 180

Tennessee 169

Georgia 143

Nevada 60

Ap

pend

ix B

Ta

ble

s |

Oth

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rontlin

e O

ccup

atio

nal R

ole

s | R

ehabilita

tion C

ounse

lors

232 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

2000ndash2004 Wage Gain

State

M e a n A n n u a l Percent Gain from 2000ndash20042000 2004

Hawaii $32290 $51550 596

New Mexico 17410 27370 572

Wisconsin 23120 34920 510

North Dakota 22940 34560 507

Delaware 24020 33340 388

Vermont 28810 39750 380

North Carolina 22940 30360 323

Minnesota 27260 35480 302

Colorado 25360 32930 299

Maryland 21430 27800 297

Montana 22960 29440 282

Massachusetts 27450 34450 255

Wyoming 23340 28530 222

Nebraska 24380 29700 218

Utah 25240 30680 216

Illinois 27430 32640 190

District of Columbia 33410 39670 187

Ohio 32090 37960 183

Georgia 29710 35070 180

New Jersey 23870 28080 176

Maine 22160 25960 171

California 29400 34320 167

Tennessee 21560 25150 167

Kansas 21320 24880 167

Virginia 26290 30300 153

Idaho 27490 31660 152

Oklahoma 17890 20410 141

New Hampshire 24320 27720 140

Alabama 26750 30500 140

Louisiana 27530 31250 135

Kentucky 27200 30850 134

Pennsylvania 25960 29270 128

Arkansas 30030 33820 126

Missouri 27210 30020 103

South Carolina 25870 28480 101

Iowa 25420 27700 90

Indiana 26150 28020 72

Alaska 31110 33280 70

South Dakota 31740 33920 69

Texas 28490 29840 47

Florida 27220 28270 39

Michigan 40300 41740 36

Arizona 27260 28180 34

Washington 31340 31630 09

West Virginia 29080 29310 08

Oregon 26080 25770 -12

Connecticut 35430 33880 -44

New York 30690 27590 -101

Nevada 31840 28550 -103

Rhode Island 39580 33590 -151

Mississippi 51360 33770 -342

2004 Wage with State Wage Benchmark

State2004

Annual Wage2004 State

Annual Wage

Hawaii $51550 $36750

Mississippi 33770 28630

Vermont 39750 34650

South Dakota 33920 29080

Arkansas 33820 29560

North Dakota 34560 30620

Michigan 41740 39590

Ohio 37960 35910

Louisiana 31250 31230

Wisconsin 34920 35240

Montana 29440 29880

Georgia 35070 35840

Idaho 31660 32770

West Virginia 29310 30470

Kentucky 30850 32170

Alabama 30500 31940

Nebraska 29700 33060

Utah 30680 34110

South Carolina 28480 31940

North Carolina 30360 34120

Wyoming 28530 32510

Iowa 27700 31990

Minnesota 35480 39840

Missouri 30020 34460

Rhode Island 33590 38240

Texas 29840 35310

Florida 28270 33750

New Mexico 27370 33000

Delaware 33340 39050

Nevada 28550 34300

Indiana 28020 33820

Illinois 32640 38580

Arizona 28180 34880

Pennsylvania 29270 35970

Colorado 32930 39820

Maine 25960 33480

Tennessee 25150 32730

California 34320 41980

Virginia 30300 39130

Alaska 33280 42170

Kansas 24880 33780

Washington 31630 40860

New Hampshire 27720 37450

Connecticut 33880 44400

Oklahoma 20410 31150

Massachusetts 34450 45290

Oregon 25770 36980

Maryland 27800 41360

New Jersey 28080 43040

New York 27590 43590

District of Columbia 39670 57980

Ap

pend

ix B

Ta

ble

s |

Oth

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rontlin

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ccup

atio

nal R

ole

s | R

ehabilita

tion C

ounse

lors

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 233

10ndash90 Wage Percentile Differential

Annual Percent i les Percent DifferentialState 10th 90th

Hawaii $24900 $92840 2729

Michigan 13550 50220 2706

Vermont 15660 49180 2140

District of Columbia 18890 59210 2134

Ohio 16280 48630 1987

Minnesota 19150 55180 1881

Georgia 19430 55900 1877

Wisconsin 19570 55600 1841

North Dakota 21750 60600 1786

Massachusetts 23410 64180 1742

California 18650 50750 1721

South Dakota 19990 53860 1694

Connecticut 16700 44810 1683

Arkansas 21090 56520 1680

Mississippi 18790 49530 1636

Rhode Island 17100 43770 1560

Delaware 20360 51750 1542

Alaska 16650 41860 1514

Colorado 17610 43850 1490

Illinois 22640 56010 1474

Idaho 19780 48870 1471

Washington 21600 53290 1467

Louisiana 15860 38830 1448

Kentucky 16510 40000 1423

Utah 18350 44300 1414

Alabama 17310 41780 1414

North Carolina 18800 45130 1401

Virginia 18030 43180 1395

Missouri 24510 58490 1386

Texas 18310 43420 1371

Nebraska 18300 43340 1368

Montana 15070 35640 1365

West Virginia 18990 44150 1325

Pennsylvania 18610 42650 1292

Nevada 18070 41020 1270

Wyoming 18520 41890 1262

South Carolina 19480 43880 1253

Florida 23400 52560 1246

Arizona 13500 29870 1213

New Jersey 19030 42000 1207

Indiana 23200 49840 1148

Maryland 20170 42920 1128

New Hampshire 19470 41060 1109

Iowa 20530 41800 1036

New York 19200 38650 1013

New Mexico 23390 46990 1009

Maine 24600 48950 990

Oregon 23650 44460 880

Tennessee 20130 37300 853

Kansas 30990 52620 698

Oklahoma 27620 43900 589

Ap

pend

ix B

Ta

ble

s |

Oth

er F

rontlin

e O

ccup

atio

nal R

ole

s | R

ehabilita

tion C

ounse

lors

234 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profi le of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Appendix C

Bibliography

Adams P Brauer R Karas B Bresnahan T and Murphy H ldquoProfessional Certification Its Value to SHampE Practitioners and the Professionrdquo Professional Safety December 2004 httpwwwasseorg

Addiction Technology Transfer Center Network ldquoATTC Tackles Treatment Workforce Issuesrdquo ATTC Networker 4(3) Winter 2002

Alabama Department of Industrial Relations httpwww2dirstatealus

Alaska Department of Labor and Workforce Development httpalmislaborstateakus

All Allied Health Schools Directory ldquoPhysical Therapy Assistantsrdquo httpallalliedhealthschoolscom Accessed April 4 2006

American Labor Market Information System State Projections httpwwwprojectionscentralcom

American Association of Medical Assistants httpwwwaama-intlorg

American Association of Medical Assistants ldquoWhy More Employers are Hiring CMArsquosrdquo httpwwwaama-intlorg Accessed April 3 2006

American Association for Respiratory Care ldquoRespiratory Therapist Human Resources Studymdash2005rdquo httpwwwaarcorg

American Dental Assistants Association ldquoAddressing a uniform national model for the dental assisting profession Position paper of the ADAADANB Alliance ldquo November 2005 httpwwwdentalassistantorg

American Health Information Management Association httpwwwahimaorg

American Health Information Management Association ldquoStatement on the Health Information Management Workforcerdquo July 2002 httpwwwahimaorg

American Medical Association Health Professions Career and Educational Directory 2005ndash2006 33rd Edition American Medical Association Press 2005

American Society for Clinical Pathology httpwwwascporg

American Society of Radiologic Technologists ldquoThe Personnel Crunch A Crisis in the Radio-logic Technology Workforcerdquo 2003 httpwwwasrtorgmediapdfshortage_overviewpdf Accessed April 27 2006

American Society of Radiologic Technologists ldquoMaking the Profession Stronger Annual Report to Members Fiscal Year 2004rdquo httpwwwasrtorgmediapdfAR05_spreadpdf Accessed April 25 2006

Annie E Casey Foundation ldquoWhorsquos Taking Care Advocasey Examines the Staffing Crisis in Children and Family Servicesrdquo Advocasey Documenting Programs That Work for Kids and Families 6(1) Spring 2004

Arizona Department of Economic SecuritymdashResearch Administration httpwwwworkforceazgov

Arkansas Department of Workforce Services httpwwwdiscoverarkansasnet

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profile of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 235

Arthur Anderson (1999 November) Pharmacy Activity Cost and Productivity Study November 1999

Association of Surgical Technologists ldquoAST Recommended Clinical Ladder for the Surgical Technologistrdquo httpwwwastorgContentThe20ProfessionInformationhtm Accessed March 25 2006

Bhattacharyya K Winch P Leban K and Tien M ldquoCommunity Health Worker Incentives and Disincentives How They Affect Motivation Retention and Sustainabilityrdquo Basic Support for Institutionalizing Child Survival Project (BASICS II) for the United States Agency for Interna-tional Development Arlington Virginia October 2001

Bureau of Labor Statistics US Department of Labor ldquoCurrent Population SurveymdashTable 11 Employed Persons by Detailed Occupation Sex Race and Hispanic or Latino Ethnicityrdquo January 2005

Bureau of Labor Statistics US Department of Labor Occupational Outlook Handbook 2004ndash2005

Bureau of Labor Statistics US Department of Labor ldquoOccupational Projections and Training Datamdash2003-2004rdquo Supplement to the Occupational Outlook Handbook 2003ndash2004

Bureau of Labor Statistics US Department of Labor ldquoOccupational Employment StatisticsmdashOccupational Employment and Wage Estimates ldquo November 2004 httpwwwblsgovoesoes_datahtm

California Association of Psychiatric Technicians ldquoPsychiatric Technicians in Other Statesrdquo 2004 httpwwwpsych-healthcomotherstshtm Accessed April 13 2006

California Department of Industrial Relations httpwwwlabormarketinfoeddcagov

Colorado Department of Labor and Employment httpwwwcoworkforcecomlmi

Commission on Rehabilitation Counselor Certification (2006) httpwwwcrccertificationcom Accessed April 28 2006

Committee on Dietetic Registration ldquoCertifications and Licensurerdquo httpwwwcdrnetorg certificationslicensureindexhtm Accessed May 1 2006

Connecticut Department of Labor Office of Research httpwwwctdolstatectuslmi indexhtm

Delaware Office of Occupational and Labor Market Information httpwwwdelawareworkscomoolmiwelcomeshtml

District of Columbia Department of Employment Services httpdoesdcgovdoescwpviewaspa=1233ampq=538345ampdoesNav=|32064|

Florida Agency for Workforce Innovation httpwwwlabormarketinfocom

Franks P Kocher N and Chapman S Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics in California San Francisco University of California San Francisco Center for Health Professions January 2004

Georgia Department of Labor httpwwwexplorerdolstategaus

Hawaii Department of Labor and Industrial Relations httpwwwhiwiorg

Idaho Department of Commerce and Labor Research and Analysis Bureau httplmi Idahogov

Ap

pend

ix C

Bib

liogra

phy

236 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profile of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Illinois Department of Employment Security httplmiidesstateilus

Indiana Department of Workforce Development httpwwwingovdwdinewslmiasp

Iowa Workforce Development Labor Market Information Bureau httpwwwiowaworkforceorglmiindexhtml

Kansas Department of Labor httplaborstatsdolksgovindexhtm

Kentucky Office of Employment and Training httpwwwworkforcekentuckykygov

Keane D Nielsen C and Dower C Community Health Workers and Promoters in California San Francisco University of California San Francisco Center for the Health Professions September 2004

Kimerling J ldquoBuilding a Culturally Competent Mental Health Workforcerdquo (unpublished report) The California Endowment 2002

Koele C ldquo Building the Lab Workforce of the Futurerdquo Medical Laboratory Observer May 2004

Kopiec K ldquoThe Work Experiences of Certified Nursing Assistants in New Hampshirerdquo Concord NH New Hampshire Community Loan Fund 2000

Leon J and Franco SJ Home and Community-Based Workforce Final Report Menlo Park CA Henry J Kaiser Foundation July 1998

Light PC The Health of the Human Services Workforce Washington DC Center for Public Service The Brookings Institution and Wagner School of Public Service New York University 2003

Lipson D and Carol R Health Insurance Coverage for Direct-Care Workers Riding Out the Storm Washington DC Institute for the Future of Aging Services 1(3) March 2004

Louisiana Department of Labor httpwwwldolstatelaushomepageasp

Mahan C and Malecki J ldquoConfronting the Impending Public Health Workforce Crisis in America Perspectives from Academia and Public Health Practicerdquo Florida Public Health Review 1 4ndash7 2004

Maine Department of Labor httpwwwmainegovlaborlmis

Maryland Department of Labor Licensing and Regulation Division of Workforce Development httpwwwdllrstatemduslmiindexhtm

Massachusetts Department of Workforce Development httpwwwdetmaorgdefaulthtm

McLellan A Carise D and Kleber H ldquoCan the National Addiction Treatment Infrastructure Support the Publicrsquos Demand for Quality Carerdquo Report by The Treatment Research Institute and the University of Pennsylvania Center for Studies of Addiction 2003

McRee T et al The Mental Health Workforce Whorsquos Meeting Californiarsquos Needs San Francisco The California Workforce Initiative at the University of California San Francisco Center for Health Professions February 2003

Medical Transcription Industry Alliance Medical Transcription Industry Alliance Newsletter (6)6 December 2003

Michigan Department of Labor and Economic Growth httpwwwmichlmiorgindexjsp

Minnesota Department of Employment and Economic Development httpwwwdeedstatemnuslmiHomehtm

Ap

pend

ix C

Bib

liogra

phy

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profile of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 237

Mississippi Department of Employment Security httpmdesgovwpsportalnull

Missouri Department of Economic Development httpwwwmissourieconomyorgindexstm

Montana Department of Labor and Industry Research and Analysis Bureau httpwwwourfactsyourfutureorg

Mulvey K Hubbard S and Hiyashi S ldquoA National Study of the Substance Abuse Treatment Workforcerdquo Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 24(1) 51-57 January 2003

National Association of Social Workers httpwwwnasworg

National Association of Social Workers Assuring the Sufficiency of a Frontline Workforce A National Study of Licensed Social Workers Preliminary Report Washington DC National Association of Social Workers 2005

National Center for Health Workforce Analysis The Clinical Laboratory Workforce The Changing Picture of Supply Demand Education and practice US Department of Health and Human Services January 2005

National Council for Therapeutic Recreation Certification ldquoWhy Become a CTRSrdquo 2004 httpwwwncrtcorg

National Rural Health Association ldquoRecruitment and Retention of a Quality Health Workforce in Rural Areas Issue Paperrdquo November 2005

Nebraska Department of Labor httpwwwdolstateneusnwdcentercfmPRICAT=4ampSUBCAT=4C

Nevada Department of Employment Training and Rehabilitation httpwww nevadaworkforcecom

New Hampshire Department of Employment Security httpwwwnhesstatenhuselmi indexhtml

New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development httpwwwnjgovlaborlra indexhtml

New Mexico Department of Labor httpwwwdolstatenmusdol_lmifhtml

New York Department of Labor httpwwwlaborstatenyusworkforceindustrydataindexasp

North Carolina Employment Security Commission httpwwwncesccomlmidefaultasp

North Dakota Job Service httpwwwjobsndcomdataindexhtml

Northwest Center for Public Health Practice Building Workforce Bridges Across Northwest States A Regional Analysis of Workforce Assessments From Six NW States School of Public Health and Community Medicine University of Washington January 2002

Ohio Office of Workforce Development httpwwwohioworkforceinformerorg

Oklahoma Employment Security Commission httpwwwoescstateokuslmi

Oregon Employment Department httpwwwqualityinfoorgolmisjOlmisZine

Pennsylvania Center for Workforce Information and Analysis httpwwwpaworkstatsstatepaus

Pharmacy Technician Certification Board 2005 httpwwwptcporgAboutstatisticsaspx Accessed April 27 2006

Ap

pend

ix C

Bib

liogra

phy

238 Workers Who Care A Graphical Profile of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce

Rhode Island Department of Labor and Training httpwwwdltrigovlmi

Seago J Spetz J Chapman S Dyer W and Grumbach K Supply Demand and use of Licensed Practical Nurses San Francisco Center for Health Workforce Studies University of San Francisco November 2004

Seavey D The Cost of Frontline Turnover in Long-Term Care Washington DC Better Jobs Better Care Institute for the Future of Aging Services October 2004

South Carolina Employment Security Commission httpwwwscesorglmi

South Dakota Department of Labor httpwwwsdjobsorglmic

Tache S and Chapman S Medical Assistants in California San Francisco University of California San Francisco Center for Health Professions 2004 Tennessee Department of Labor and Workforce Development httpsourcevirtuallmicomdefaultasp

Texas Workforce Commission httpwwwtracer2com

United States General Accounting Office ldquoNursing Workforce Recruitment and Retention of Nurses and Nurse Aides is a Growing Concernrdquo Statement of William J Scanlon May 17 2001

Utah Department of Workforce Services httpjobsutahgovopencmswi

Virginia Employment Commission httpvelmavirtuallmicom

Vermont Department of Labor httpwwwvtlmiinfo

Washington Employment Security Department httpwwwworkforceexplorercom

West Virginia Workforce httpwwwwvbeporgbeplmi

Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education Mental Health Program The behavioral workforce in Alaska A status report University of Alaska March 2004

Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development httpworknetwisconsingovworknet

Wyoming Department of Employment Research and Planning Division httpdoestatewy uslmi

Ap

pend

ix C

Bib

liogra

phy

Workers Who Care A Graphical Profile of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce 239

Acknowledgments

Health Workforce Solutions LLC would like to thank the following people for their

contributions to this book

Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Staff

Victor Capoccia PhD

Senior Program Offi cer

Sallie Petrucci George MPH

Program Offi cer

Maureen Cozine MPH

Communications Offi cer

Hope Woodhead

Production Director

Editing

Beth Brainard

Chartbook Design

DBA Design

PO Box 2316

Route One and College Road East

Princeton NJ 08543

wwwrwjforg

  • Front Cover
  • Contents
  • Introduction
  • Overview of Methodology
    • Defining the Frontline Health and Health Care Workers
    • Data Collection and Analysis
      • How to Use the Chartbook
        • Overview of the Frontline Workforce
        • Occupational Variation Across the Frontline Workforce
        • Occupational Profiles
        • Appendix Data Tables
        • Commonly Used Terms
          • Overview of the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
            • Figure 1 Frontline Workforce Population Relative to Total Health and Health Care Workforce Population
            • Figure 2 Gender Distribution Across the Frontline Workforce
            • Figure 3 Racial Distribution Across the Frontline Workforce
            • Figure 4 Frontline Workforce Occupational Roles
            • Employment Outlook
              • Figure 5 Projected Employment for the Frontline Workforce Due to Growth (2002ndash2012)
              • Figure 6 Projected Employment for the Frontline Workforce Due to Growth + Replacement Need (2002ndash2012)
                • Regional Outlook
                  • Figure 7 Frontline Workforce Regional Distribution
                  • Figure 8 Frontline Workforce Regional Outlook Projected Growth (2002ndash2012) and Percent Job Openings Due to Replacement Need
                    • Wage Outlook
                      • Figure 9 Frontline Workforce Wage Earnings (2004)
                          • Occupational Variation Across the Frontline Health and Health Care Workforce
                            • Figure 10 Occupational Employment Projections (2002ndash2012)mdashGrowth Rate
                            • Figure 11 Occupational Employment Projections (2002ndash2012)mdashPercent of Job Openings Due to Replacement Need
                            • Figure 12 Occupational Wage Gains 2000ndash2004
                            • Figure 13 Occupational Wage Range 10thndash90th Percentile
                            • Figure 14 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Occupational Roles
                            • Figure 15 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Percent Wage Gain Across Occupations
                            • Figure 16 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Wage Earnings Range (10thndash90th percentile)
                            • Figure 17 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Education Training Levels
                            • Figure 18 Comparison of Annual Wage Earnings Relative to Percent of Minority Workers Within Occupations
                              • Occupational Profiles
                                • Allied Health Roles mdash Frontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles
                                  • Cardiovascular Technologists and Technicians
                                    • Figure 19 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                    • Figure 20 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                    • Figure 21 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                      • Emergency Medical Technicians and Paramedics
                                        • Figure 22 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                        • Figure 23 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                        • Figure 24 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                          • Medical Assistants
                                            • Figure 25 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                            • Figure 26 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                            • Figure 27 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                              • Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians
                                                • Figure 28 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                • Figure 29 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                • Figure 30 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                  • Medical Records and Health Information Technicians
                                                    • Figure 31 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                    • Figure 32 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                    • Figure 33 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                      • Occupational Health and Safety Specialists
                                                        • Figure 34 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                        • Figure 35 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                        • Figure 36 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                          • Pharmacy Technicians
                                                            • Figure 37 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                            • Figure 38 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                            • Figure 39 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                              • Radiologic Technologists and Technicians
                                                                • Figure 40 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                • Figure 41 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due toReplacement Need
                                                                • Figure 42 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                  • Respiratory Therapy Technicians
                                                                    • Figure 43 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                    • Figure 44 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                    • Figure 45 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                      • Surgical Technologists
                                                                        • Figure 46 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                        • Figure 47 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                        • Figure 48 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                            • Community and Public Health Roles Frontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles
                                                                              • Health Educators
                                                                                • Figure 49 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                • Figure 50 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                • Figure 51 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                  • Medical and Public Health Social Workers
                                                                                    • Figure 52 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                    • Figure 53 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                    • Figure 54 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                      • Social and Human Service Assistants
                                                                                        • Figure 55 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                        • Figure 56 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                        • Figure 57 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                            • Long-term Care Roles Frontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles
                                                                                              • Home Health Aides
                                                                                                • Figure 58 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                • Figure 59 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                • Figure 60 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                  • Nursing Aides Orderlies and Attendants
                                                                                                    • Figure 61 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                    • Figure 62 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                    • Figure 63 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                      • Personal and Home Care Aides
                                                                                                        • Figure 64 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                        • Figure 65 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                        • Figure 66 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                            • Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles Frontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles
                                                                                                              • Mental Health Counselors
                                                                                                                • Figure 67 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                • Figure 68 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                • Figure 69 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                  • Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers
                                                                                                                    • Figure 70 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                    • Figure 71 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                    • Figure 72 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                      • Psychiatric Aides
                                                                                                                        • Figure 73 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                        • Figure 74 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                        • Figure 75 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                          • Psychiatric Technicians
                                                                                                                            • Figure 76 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                            • Figure 77 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                            • Figure 78 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                              • Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors
                                                                                                                                • Figure 79 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                • Figure 80 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                • Figure 81 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                    • Other Frontline Occupational Roles Frontline Occupational Group and Census 2000 Associated Job Titles
                                                                                                                                      • Child Family and School Social Workers
                                                                                                                                        • Figure 82 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                        • Figure 83 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                        • Figure 84 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                          • Dental Assistants
                                                                                                                                            • Figure 85 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                            • Figure 86 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                            • Figure 87 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                              • Dietetic Technicians
                                                                                                                                                • Figure 88 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                                • Figure 89 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                                • Figure 90 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                                  • Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses
                                                                                                                                                    • Figure 91 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                                    • Figure 92 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                                    • Figure 93 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                                      • Medical Transcriptionists
                                                                                                                                                        • Figure 94 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                                        • Figure 95 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                                        • Figure 96 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                                          • Occupational Therapist Assistants
                                                                                                                                                            • Figure 97 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                                            • Figure 98 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                                            • Figure 99 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                                              • Pharmacy Aides
                                                                                                                                                                • Figure 100 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                                                • Figure 101 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                                                • Figure 102 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                                                  • Physical Therapist Aides
                                                                                                                                                                    • Figure 103 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                                                    • Figure 104 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                                                    • Figure 105 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                                                      • Physical Therapist Assistants
                                                                                                                                                                        • Figure 106 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                                                        • Figure 107 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                                                        • Figure 108 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                                                          • Recreational Therapists
                                                                                                                                                                            • Figure 109 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                                                            • Figure 110 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                                                            • Figure 111 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                                                              • Rehabilitation Counselors
                                                                                                                                                                                • Figure 112 State by State Per Capita Employment (in quartiles)
                                                                                                                                                                                • Figure 113 States with Highest and Lowest Growth and Annual Openings Due to Replacement Need
                                                                                                                                                                                • Figure 114 States with Highest and Lowest Wage Gain
                                                                                                                                                                                  • Conclusion
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Summary
                                                                                                                                                                                    • Implications for Further Policy and Research Efforts
                                                                                                                                                                                      • Appendix A Extended Methodology and Data Availability
                                                                                                                                                                                        • National Level Data Availability
                                                                                                                                                                                        • State Level Data Availability
                                                                                                                                                                                          • Appendix B Table mdash Occupational Profiles State by State Data
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Allied Health Roles
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Community and Public Health Roles
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Long-term Care Roles
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Mental Health and Substance Abuse Roles
                                                                                                                                                                                            • Other Frontline Occupational Roles
                                                                                                                                                                                              • Appendix C Bibliography