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Career Advice for teachers and advisors of students in K-12
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Career Advising for Students interested in STEM
Paul J. Kostek IEEE-USA
WOIS Conference1 February 2010
STEM
Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics
A universal call for increased enrollments must also address employment opportunity and the impact of a globalization on the technology workforce
Today’s Challenge
Competition for talent What steps are being taken to increase the
numbers of students entering engineering? How is the current engineering workforce being
utilized? How will companies compete for talent,
differentiate themselves and what impact will this have on business?
Where is the growth taking place outside the US and can we find ways to tap this?
The Current Numbers
Engineering Students Undergrads all disciplines
385,690
2006-2007 Degrees awarded 73,000 undergrad 30,000 MS 6,000 PhD
Engineering Population ~1.978 million
BLS Projections
BLS Data
K-8
Math – algebra Science
Physics, chemistry, biology Student competitons
Future Cities FIRST A World in Motion
High School
Math Calculus Physics Chemistry Foreign Language English Communications
What Students Need
Math & science are important as are good study skills
Use your creativity and like designing things Like taking on big challenges and helping people
solve problems Need good communications skill, teamwork and
the ability to influence others
Educational Opportunities
Certifications 3 months – 12 months Industry driven – Cisco (CCNA), Microsoft (MCSE)
Associate Degrees Types of jobs – network administrators/technician
Bachelors Entry level for most engineering/high tech jobs
ABET accreditation Graduate
Specialized skills
PhD R&D Academe
Bachelor’s Degrees, by Disciplines 2006-07 (73K)
Undergraduate Enrollments
What steps are being taken to increase the numbers of students entering
engineering? K-12 initiatives
Professional Societies Engineers in schools Job shadowing IEEE-USA Future Cities SAE Wheels in Motion
Trade Associations SIA Program to attract and retain undergrads
Companies Intel Science Fair Siemens
Federal Government COMPETES legislation
(response to NAE Study- Rising Above the Gathering Storm)
Competing for Talent
Industries Aerospace Computing (hardware and software) Web – based Gaming Green Semiconductors Utilities
Companies Google
Degrees growing in enrollments Bio-Med Environmental / Civil Engineering
Where is the growth taking place outside the US and Competition for
work India China Vietnam Russia Eastern European (Poland, Hungary)
The Current Population
The conversation, whether in DC or Silicon Valley, centers on the next generation of engineers/scientists while seeming to forget there are over 1 million electrical engineers in the workforce.
Where do they fit in? Are we utilizing our current population? Does retention matter? Does how we treat the current workforce impact the
future workforce? Companies can now access engineers in Eastern
Europe, Asia and India, what will the impact be for engineers here in the U.S.A.?
Do we need to graduate more engineers , the same, or less?
The 4 Generations
For the first time ever we have 4 generations in the workplace – WWII Baby Boomers Gen X Gen Y
The challenge how to integrate these very different groups
Skills
The Challenge For Engineers:
Identifying in-demand skills and positioning themselves to fill them through:
Training Applicable experience
For Employers Finding engineers with in-demand skills Attracting/Retaining/Training
The Skills Market
Software Java Web 2.0 Software as a service Virtualization IPv6
RF design Analog Design ASIC Nuclear
Industries
Critical Infrastructure Protection Government/private industry
Utilities Nuclear Power Green Power (solar – wind- geothermal - wave)
IT Cybersecurity
Green revolution Autos/Transportation Buildings
Biomedical/BioTech
Other Factors to Consider
Productivity Automation and tools
Skills Training, gaining applicable experience
and finding employment at appropriate level
Impact of outsourcing and use of foreign temp labor
What About the Boomers?
Working later, by choice or as a result of current economic situation
Large population that can be a resource to companies
Options to consider – Phased retirements Job sharing Telecommuting
What good is productivity growth to workers?
0.00
0.20
0.40
0.60
0.80
1.00
1.20
1.40
1.60
1.80
2.00
Productivity Avg Earnings Production Compensation Median Hourly Earnings
Source:Average hourly earnings, production and supervisory workers, from Economic Report ofthe President 2006 Table, B-47Productivity, Real hourly compensation from Economic Report of the President 2006Table, B-49 with 2005 updated from http://frwebgate2.access.gpo.gov/cgi-bin/waisgate.cgi?WAISdocID=971353361824+9+0+0&WAISaction=retrieveMedian hourly earnings, Economic Policy Institutehttp://www.epi.org/datazone/06/wagecuts_all.xls
Offshoring and the Long Term Impact on Engineers and Competitiveness
Is offshoring the death knell for the engineering profession in the U.S.? Or will it lead to increased opportunities?
I believe the answer lies somewhere in between. Offshoring will eliminate opportunities in some fields
and industries, while opening up others. The question is will we have trained people to take
these positions and will they be positions people are interested in?
We shouldn’t presume that because positions are created that they will interest the current population.
How will we retrain and utilize engineers? What incentives will be provided to the engineer to move into new fields and relocate?
Impact of In-Shoring
We really don’t know the impact of non – U.S. companies locating here. How many U.S engineers are being
employed? How many are bringing over their own
employees – L1, H-1B? Could this lead to increased
opportunity/challenges?
Competing in a Global Marketplace
Doubling of global work force when China, India, x-Soviet join
Human resource leapfrogging: developing countries invest in university education; multinationals spread modern technology
trade, offshoring, immigrationGreater supply competitionShift in balance toward capital More difficult for market forces to help workers
Source: Richard Freeman
Opportunities
Technologies Software Semiconductors Sensors
Industries Power Telecom Defense and Homeland Security
In-sourcing Semiconductor Automotive
Applications
Realities of Competing in a Global Market
The $800 engineer A Russian engineer with 25 years
experience vs a U.S. engineer with 25 years experience and a 96K salary
If the work doesn’t involve national security or local customer interface – who gets the job?
Differentiating Yourself - Engineers
Skills are not enough, engineers need to have: Business knowledge
New business models Understand the customer’s needs Learn how to apply skills in new areas
New Ways of Thinking for Engineers
Technology: What are the key emerging technologies and how are they being used inside and outside your industry, company and region to create proprietary advantage?
Business Models: Are there new business models emerging that you can adopt or adapt to deliver radical improvements in the way you and others do business? Will these improvements drive profitable growth by creating proprietary advantages in the way you do business? Can you expand not just “your share of market” but also “your share of wallet” by adding new business models – for example – if you currently have a product business, can you add information, services or solutions? Can you expand into adjacent businesses by either taking over activities that use to be done by someone else in your industry, expanding into new markets, or adding new products?
Source: Lynda Applegate Jump Starting Innovation HBR 9/24/07
Differentiating Yourself - Employers
How do your differentiate your company from others?
What makes your company the one to work for?
Money? Technology? Flexibility? Making a difference? The “It” factor?
Legislative Reponse
Legislative solutions to limit or prohibit offshoring will not succeed, however there will be a need to develop incentives for retraining and hiring of engineers. The U.S. also has challenges when looking into having a population of engineers to work for the Federal government (and states also) along with developing the next generation of defense systems and maintaining today’s systems.
Legislative/Policy Changes
COMPETES – Focus is on STEM, R&D, currently under consideration for renewal - 2010
Tax incentives for companies, why not individuals – training, relocation
What Others Think
Succeeding in the Global Economy A New Policy Agenda for the American Worker – Authors: Aldonas/Lawrence/Slaughter – Sponsor The Financial Services Forum
Calls for a new policy agenda with innovations to facilitate adjustment by workers, communities and firms
Adjustment Policies - Individuals
Combine Unemployment insurance and current Trade Adjustment Assistance program into a single Integrated Adjustment Assistance program
Wage insurance Portability of health insurance Assistance with geographic relocation or
establishing a new business retraining
What’s Happened Before?
1989 NSF Future Scarcities of Engineers and Scientists
Lead to similar effort, but by 1991 the Peace Dividend had kicked-in and engineering unemployment grew to new records – surpassed by DotCom implosion
New Economy of the 90’s – DotCom We’re still impacted by what happened during
this period
Conclusion
Students that are flexible and open to change will find success
Companies that are willing to be as innovative in employment as they are in technology
Provide opportunities and encourage employees to take control of their careers and contribute to the success of the business
Thank You !
Resources
Succeeding in the Global Economy available at: www.financialservicesforum.org
IEEE-USA Website – ieeeusa.org EETimes www.eetimes.com The Offshoring of Engineering – National
Academy of Engineering – www.national-academies.org
Michael T. Gibbons - Engineering by the Numbers – ASEE.org/colleges
Other Factors to Consider
Salaries We’re not seeing salaries for professionals
climb at a rate that shows a shortage New Grads
CS $53,000 (vs $60K in 2000) EE $51,000
Working professionals 20 year EE – $108K (EE Times Salary Survey) w/avg increase 4%