Wo Bt1006 e01 1 Hsdpa Technology

8/13/2019 Wo Bt1006 e01 1 Hsdpa Technology

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HSDPA Technology

ZTE University


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Content

HSDPA Fundamentals

HSDPA Channels

HSDPA Main Technology


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High Speed Data Services Landscape

UMTS

100Base-T T-110Base-T

GPRS EGPRSHSDPA

Bluetooth

Dial-Up Broadband

WiFi

Throughput

Mobility

Emerging

Technologies

Emerging

Technologies

OFDM


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Standard Evolution

PDC

GSM

IS136

GPRS

1xRTT

1xEV-DO

W-CDMA

1xEV-DV

HSDPA

EDGE

IS95A IS95B 3xEV-DV

2G 3G


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Theoretical Peak User Data Rates

0.38 M

EGP

RS

0.31 M

1xR

TT

2 M

W-CDMA

2.4M

1xEV-

DO

3.1M

1xEV-DV

14.4M

HSDP

A

Enhanced

UE

HSDP

A

UECategory6

3.6M


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HSDPA Key Points

Radio Access

Technology

High

Throughputs

Low

Latency

SharedChannels

Downlink

Only

PSDedicated


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HSDPA Main Concepts & Benefits

No Fast Power Control (100% of available power used)

No Variable Spreading (SF = 16)

No Soft Handover (for DL user data channel)

Time & Code Multiplexing of User Data (Shared Channel)

Adaptive Modulation & Coding (Rate Adaptation)

Fast Retransmission / Scheduling Layer in NodeB

Short Radio Framing (2ms)

Higher UserData Rates

Lower ServiceResponse Time

Higher PacketData Capacity

Better ServicesAvailability

HSDPA

Better End-User Perceived Quality


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HSDPA Market Applications

Multiplayer Gaming

Video Streaming & TV

Advertising / News Broadcast

Music & Video Downloads

Web Surfing

...

Virtual Office

Corporate VPN

Remote Applications / Tools

Web Browsing

Massive Downloads

...

Business Market Consumer Market

Working Anywhere! Having Fun!


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Perspective of HSDPA application

HSDPA ModemHSDPA fixed terminal

Flexible access

Higher data rateMore users

Richer service

Obvious advantage to compete with

other 3G technology like CDMA2000

HSDPA data card

HSDPA PDA

Mixed with WMAN (WiMAX)

and WLAN (Wi-Fi), more advantage of

broadband wireless access

HSDPA handset

HSDPA Modem

HSPDA data card

HSDPA PDAUMTS R99/R4 coverage

HSDPA coverage

HSDPA-roundly imp roves th e value of UMTSnetwork


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User Throughput Management

Rate

Adaptation

Power

Control

Data Power

Unused Power

100% Power

100%

Data

Unused

Same Throughput


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Spectral Efficiency

HSDPA 1xEV-DO

Bandwidth/Carrier 5 MHz 1.25 MHzPeak Data Rate 3.6 Mbps (Cat. 6)

14.4 Mbps (Cat.

10)

2.4 Mbps

Modulation on

Data Channel

QPSK/16QAM QPSK/8PSK/16QAM

Channel Coding Turbo 1/3 Turbo 1/3L1

Retransmission

HARQ HARQTransmission

Interval

2 ms 1.6 msSector

Throughput

depending on

load and

environmentdepending on load

and environment

1xEV-DO

HSDPA

5

MHz

1xRTT

Voice & Data

UMTS

Voice & Data

1xEV-DO Data

HSDPA Data

1.2

5MHz

1.2

5MHz

1.2

5MHz

time

3x1.2

5MHz

Carrier

1x5MHz

Ca

rrier


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Beyond HSDPA

Release 6 Release 7 Release 7

Throughput

&

Capacity

OFDMMIMO


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Content

HSDPA Fundamentals

HSDPA Channels



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HSDPA Protocol Stack

Uu Iub

MAC-d

RLC

HS-DSCH

FPMAC-hs

HS-DSCH

FP

RLC

L2 L2

Flow control

PHY PHY L1 L1

New Transport channel

HS-DSCH

RNCNodeBUE

HS-SCCHDownlink Transfer Information

(UEid, OVSF,...)

HS-PDSCHData Transfer (PS I/B)

HS-DPCCHFeedback Information

(CQI, ACK/NACK)

DPCHUpper Layer Signaling

RNC

New Frame Protocols

HS-DSCH

Introduction of MAC-hs

Iub

MAC-d

MAC-hs


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HSDPA Layer2/Layer1 Flows

HS-DSCH

Associated

Uplink

Signaling

Associated

Downlink

Signaling

DCCH DTCHDTCHMAC Control MAC ControlCCCH CTCHBCCHPCCHMAC Control

RRC (RNC)

RLC (RNC)

HS-PDSCH

FACH

S-CCPCH

RACH

PRACH

DSCH

PDSCH

DCH

DPCH

CPCH

PCPCH

PCH

S-CCPCHHS-DPCCHHS-SCCH

MAC-c/sh

(C-RNC)

DCH

DPDCH/DPCCH

R4 L1: Channel Coding / Multiplexing (NodeB)R5 L1: HSDPA (NodeB)

MAC-d

(S-RNC)

MAC-hs

(NodeB)


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MAC-hs Architecture (UTRAN side)

Scheduler

TFRC Selection

Priority Queue

Distribution

Priority Queue

Distribution

Priority

Queue

Priority

Queue

Priority

Queue

Flow Control

MAC-d flows

Associated

Uplink Signaling

HS-DSCHAssociated

Downlink Signaling

MAC-hs

to MAC-d or MAC-c/sh

HARQ

Priority

Queue


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HSDPA Channel Configuration

Layer 1

HS-SCCH HS-DPCCH

Transport

Channels

Logical

Channels

Physical

Channels

DCCH

DCH

DPCH

DTCH

HS-DSCH

HS-PDSCH

DTCH

DCH

DPCCH

DCCH

DCH

DPDCH


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HS-DSCH ParametersHigher

Layer

RAB RAB DL ?kbps

RLC Logical channel type DTCH

RLC mode AM

Payload sizes, bit 320

Max data rate, bps ? (depends on UE category)

AMD PDU header, bit 16

MAC MAC-d header, bit 0

MAC multiplexing N/A

MAC-d PDU size, bit 336

MAC-hs header fixed part, bit 21

Layer 1 TrCH type HS-DSCH

TB sizes, bit NA

TFS NA

TTI, ms 2

Coding type TC

CRC, bit 24

Max number of bits/TTI after channel

coding

NA

RM attribute NA


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MAC-hs PDU

VF QID TSN SID N F

1 bit 3 bits 6 bits 3 bits 7 bits 1 bit

MAC-hs Header

21 bits

MAC-hs SDU PaddingMAC-hs SDU

MAC-hs Payload

. . .


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HS-DSCH Coding Chain

CRC attachment

Bit Scrambling

Code Block Segmentation

Turbo Coding

HARQ Entity

Physical Channel Segmentation

HS-DSCH Interleaving

Constellation Rearrangement (16QAM)

Physical Channel Mapping

R4 Functionality

New Functionality

R4 Modified Functionality


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HS-SCCH Coding Chain

RV Coding

MUX

CRC

UE Masking

MUX

CC 1/3

Rate Matching

s, r, b

UEId

CC 1/3

Puncturing

CC 1/3

UE Masking

Rate Matching

MUX

Modulation SchemeOVSF Code Set NDITBS HARQ

Slot #0: Code Set, Modulation Slot #1: TBS, HARQ Slot#2: RV, NDI

TSUBFRAME= 2ms


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HS-PDSCH

TSLOT= 2560 chips, Ndata bits

Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot#2

Data bits

TSUBFRAME= 2ms

Slot

Format

Channel

Bit Rate

Channel

Symbol rate

SF Bits per

Subframe

Ndata

0 (QPSK) 480 kbps 240 ksps 16 960 320

1 (16QAM) 960 kbps 240 ksps 16 1920 640


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HS-SCCH

Slot

Format

Channel

Bit Rate

Channel

Symbol rate

SF Bits per

Subframe

Bits per

Slot

0 60 kbps 30 ksps 128 120 40

TSLOT= 2560 chips = 40 bits

Slot #0 Slot #1 Slot#2

Data bits

TSUBFRAME= 2ms


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HS-DPCCH

Slot

Format

Channel

Bit Rate

Channel

Symbol rate

SF Bits per

Subframe

Bits per

Slot

0 15 kbps 15 ksps 256 30 10

TSLOT= 2560 chips = 10 bits

ACK/NACK CQI

TFRAME= 10ms

Subframe #2Subframe #0 Subframe #4Subframe #1 Subframe #3


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Radio Interface Timing

HS-SCCH#2

AC

K

ACK AC

K7,5 slots

HS-SCCH#1

HS-PDSCH

achNackRepetitionFactor = 2

2 ms

HS-DPCCH

P-CPICH

2 slots

SFNBFN tcell


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Downlink Modulationx

Q

I

Scrambling

HS-PDSCH S/PModulation

MapperOVSFhs

x

+ x S

nk, nk+1, nk+2, nk+3 i1q1i2q2 I Q

0000 0000 0.4472 0.44720001 0001 0.4472 1.3416

0100 0010 1.3416 0.4472

0101 0011 1.3416 1.3416

0010 0100 0.4472 -0.4472

0011 0101 0.4472 -1.3416

0110 0110 1.3416 -0.4472

0111 0111 1.3416 -1.3416

1000 1000 -0.4472 0.44721001 1001 -0.4472 1.3416

1100 1010 -1.3416 0.4472

1110 1011 -1.3416 1.3416

1010 1100 -0.4472 -0.4472

1011 1101 -0.4472 -1.3416

1110 1110 -1.3416 -0.4472

1111 1111 -1.3416 -1.3416

nk, nk+1 iq I Q

00 00 1 1

01 01 1 -1

10 10 -1 1

11 11 -1 -1

QPSK

16QAM


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Uplink Modulation

x

OVSFd1 bd

DPDCH2 x

x

OVSFd2 bd

DPDCH4 x

x

OVSFd3 bd

DPDCH6 x

x

OVSFc bc

DPCCH x

x

OVSFhs bhs

HS-DPCCH x

x

OVSFd1 bd

DPDCH1 x

x

OVSFd2 bd

DPDCH3 x

x

OVSFd3 bd

DPDCH5 x

x

OVSFhs bhs

HS-DPCCH x

S

S x

x

Q

I

Scrambling Modulation

if Nmax-DPDCH= 0, 1, 3, 5

if Nmax-DPDCH= 2, 4, 6


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Content

HSDPA Fundamentals HSDPA Channels



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HSDPA Channel Operation

HS-SCCHDownlink Transfer Information

(UEid, OVSF,...)

HS-PDSCHData Transfer

(PS I/B)


2ms

UE #1

UE #2

UE #3

UE #4UE #5

OVSF

codes


(ACK/NACK, CQI)



(ACK/NACK, CQI)


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HSDPA Working Procedure

RNCNode B

(AMC and HARQ)

Data Packet

AMC, modulation and coding selection

HARQ, lowers the time delay, improvesthe data throughput

Fast scheduling, quick decision

Evaluation, HS-DSCH parameters setting

Receive data from HS-DSCHaccording to DetectingHS-SCCH


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OVSF Code Tree Reservation

SF4

SF8

SF16

SF32

SF64

SF128

SF256

cmCH

. . .

HS-PDSCH

HS-SCCH

. . .

. . .

. . .

SF4

SF8

SF16

SF32

SF64

SF128

HS-PDSCH

HS-SCCH

HSDPA + R4

HSDPA


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-20 -15 -10 -5 0 50

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

Ior/Ioc (dB)

Throughput(kbps)

AMC Illustration

UE Category Reported CQI

CodingRate

ModulationScheme

Number ofOVSF Codes

AMC

2ms

Maximum Throughput

QPSK

QPSK

QPSK

16QAM

16QAM

AMC Principles


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Modulation Schemes

I

Q

0000

00011001

10001010

1011

1110

1111

01001100

1101

0010

0110

0111

0011

0101

4 bits per symbol

960kbps per OVSF

1920 bits per TTI

16QAM

11

10

01

00

Q

I

2 bits per symbol480kbps per OVSF

960 bits per TTI

QPSK


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Modulation Schemes

Modulation

coding rate

Data rate

(1 code)

Data rate

(5 codes)

Data rate

(15 codes)

QPSK 1/4 120kbps 600kbps 1.8Mbps

QPSK 1/2 240kbps 1.2Mbps 3.6Mbps

QPSK 3/4 360kbps 1.8Mbps 5.4Mbps

16QAM 1/2 480kbps 2.4Mbps 7.2Mbps

16QAM 3/4 720kbps 3.6Mbps 10.8Mbps

HSDPA throughput, relative with modulation & coding rate

HSDPA can provide data rate per user up to 10.8Mbps (16QAM,3/4) by AMC and multiple codes technology

In the situation of high speed, HSDPA requires high channelcondition


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UE Categories

HS-DSCHCategory

HS-PDSCHMax Number

Inter-TTIMin Interval

Modulation Max PeakRate

Category 1 5 3 QPSK & 16-QAM 1.2 Mbps




Category 5 5 1 QPSK & 16-QAM 3.6 MbpsCategory 6 5 1 QPSK & 16-QAM 3.6 Mbps





Category 11 5 2 QPSK only 0.9 Mbps

Category 12 5 1 QPSK only 1.8 Mbps

QPSK mandatory for HSDPA capable UE

16-QAM optional


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UE Capabilities and Max Bit Rates

-10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 1010

15

20

25

C/I (dB)

softCQI

Soft CQI vs C/I - Pedestrian_a 1 RX

Category 6 UE CQI Mapping Table

CQIValue HS-PDSCHNumber RLCThroughput Modulation

0 out of range

1 1 0 kbps QPSK

2 1 0 kbps QPSK

3 1 0 kbps QPSK

4 1 0 kbps QPSK

5 1 144 kbps QPSK

6 1 144 kbps QPSK

7 2 144 kbps QPSK

8 2 288 kbps QPSK

9 2 288 kbps QPSK

10 3 432 kbps QPSK

11 3 576 kbps QPSK

12 3 720 kbps QPSK

13 4 864 kbps QPSK

14 4 1008 kbps QPSK

15 5 1296 kbps QPSK

16 5 1440 kbps 16-QAM

... ... ... ...

29 5 3024 kbps 16-QAM

30 5 3024 kbps 16-QAM

Target BLER 10%


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HARQ Technology

Advantage: improve transferring reliability

Disadvantage: lower utilization in badchannel state

Advantage: good performance in

lower Bit Error Rate (BER)

Disadvantage: bad performance in

high BER

F

EC

A

R

Q

HA

R

Q

Combine FEC and ARQ, each

sending packet includes error

detection bit and error correction bit

Error packet A

Packet A

Packet A

Error packet A

Packet A

Packet A

missing data

Packet A

missing

data

HARQ phase IResending is in RNCR99HARQ phase II, IIIResending is in Node B, HSDPA

Packet A

Discard Reserve

Resend

whole packet Resent data

Soft combinationPacket BPacket B

Send SendReceive Receive

Lower efficiency

Longer time delay

Higher efficiency

Shorter time delay


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Multiple HARQ Processes

Soft Bits

Combining

Soft Bits

Combining

Soft Bits

CombiningRetransmission

Management

UE

Category

6Category 12

3Category 11

6Category 106Category 9

6Category 8

6Category 7

6Category 6

6Category 5

3Category 4

3Category 3

2Category 2

2Category 1

HARQ

Processes

HSDSCH

HARQ

HARQ

HARQ

HARQ

HARQ

HARQ

HARQ

HARQ


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Stop And Wait Principles

Update RV Parameters

Transmit Data

Insert DTX

Indication

Nret = Nret + 1Reset & Free

HARQ Process

Wait for Transmission

Wait for ACK/NACK Reception

ACK/NACK/DTX?

Nret > Nret_max

HARQ

UE is Scheduled

ACK

YES

NACK

DTX

NO

TB HARQ

TB HARQ

HSDSCH

ACK/NACK


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HARQ Types

Combine

Deliver to Upper Layer

Error?

New Block

Update RV DatabaseRVBlocks

HARQ Blocks Decoding

NACK NACK NACK NACK ACK

DATA DATA DATA DATA DATA

Chase

Combining

NACK NACK NACK NACK ACK

DATA DATA1 DATA2 DATA3 DATA4

Incremental

Redundancy

Combining

YES

NO


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Constellation Rearrangement (16QAM)

b=2

I

Q

0000

00011001

10001010

1011

1110

1111

01001100

1101

0010

0110

0111

0011

0101

I

Q

0011

00101010

10111001

1000

1101

1100

01111111

1110

0001

0101

0100

0000

0110

I

Q

0000

01000110

00101010

1110

1011

1111

00010011

0111

1000

1001

1101

1100

0101

I

Q

1100

10001010

11100110

0010

0111

0011

11011111

1011

0100

0101

0001

0000

1001

b=0

b=3

b=1


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Quick Scheduling

Diagram based on time and code channel scheduling

Scheduling principle:

Fair scheduling algorithm Round Robin

(RR)

Maximum C/I scheduling algorithm (Max

C/I)

Proportional fair algorithm (PF)

5

code

s

TTI 1

TDM

TTI 2 TTI 3 TTI 4

CDM

UE CNode B

UE A

UE B

HS-PDSCH

TTI1 TTI2 TTI3

TTI1

TTI2

TTI2

TTI3

TTI3


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Quick Scheduling

With quick channel

feedback, HSDPA

can suitably adjust

coding rate, codes,

modulation, etc. in

time according to

the channel state

Standard

TTI

(ms)

Channel feedback

time delay (ms) Remark

R99 10 100 (at least)

HSDPA 2 5.67

Supports continuous

feedback, R5 also

supports 10ms TTI

HS-PDSCH

HS-SCCH

HS-DPCCH (ACK/NACK and CQI)

HS-SCCH

2 TS 7.5 TS +/- 128 Chip N TS

1 TS = 2560 Chip HSDPA channelfeedback time delay

is about 8.5 TS

Quick channel feedback


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Quick Scheduling

Scheduling policy

Time fairness

Traffic fairness

Max-C/I

Proportional fairness

Every user get equal service time, but the traffic

maybe not equal, the fairest algorithm but has the

lowest traffic

Every user get the same traffic, but the time

maybe not equal, has the lower utility of systemresource because it will schedule the UE with

bad channel state

Only the user in best channel state(biggest C/I)

will get the service priority in each turn, the

biggest traffic but has the worst fairness

Weighted compromiseof above algorithms and

has bigger system traffic and better service

fairness


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Advantage of HSDPAComparing item R99/R4 HSDPA

System capacity (Mbps) 2.668 14.4

Spectrum efficiency

(Kbit/(MHz*Cell))537.6 2795.2

System handover

Inter-frequency hard HO

Intra-frequency soft HO

Intra-frequency softer HO

Inter-system HO (GSM)

Only hard handover

Power controlOpen loop, Close loop (Inner loop,

Outer loop) PC, Quick, Slow PC

HS-PDSCH adopts slow PC

or even no power control

Modulation QPSK QPSK, 16QAM

Link adaptive

technologyQuick PC and soft HO

AMC, HARQ, Short TTI and

Quick channel feedback

MAC-hs N/A For faster scheduling

Provides var ious speed

with stable power

(stable pow er,

adjus table speed)

Ad just power to

guarantee service speed

(stable sp eed,

adjustable pow er)

HSDPA R99/R4


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Wo Bt1006 e01 1 Hsdpa Technology