WLW Day 1: IWRM Progressin the Laguna de Bayin the Laguna de BayBasin/PhilippinesBasin/Philippines by Dolora Nepomuceno

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IWRM ProgressIWRM Progress

in the Laguna de Bayin the Laguna de BayBasin/PhilippinesBasin/Philippines

November 7, 2011November 7, 2011

DoloraDolora N.N. NepomucenoNepomucenoAssistant General Manager Assistant General Manager

Laguna Lake Development Authority



Laguna de BayLaguna de BayRegionRegion-- A National Concern A National Concern

Largest lake in the Philippines

Multiplicity/inter-relationship/conflicts of uses Strategic location (CALABARZON, seat of

government and headquarters of all linedepartments, the military and police

authorities) Contributes around 35% of the country s GDP



Overview of Presentation

Laguna de Bay Basin: Basic Features

Environmental situationer

Legal and institutional framework

Current and pipeline IWRM interventions

IWRM Progress: Using the Spiral Model

Getting the institutional, legal and financial

arrangements right Knowledge sharing and partnership building

with Asia and rest of the world



900 km2



BasicFeatures

Laguna de Bay as ecological & economic resource

Laguna de Bay Region is apolitical concept that considers

politico-administrativeboundaries.

63 LGUs in the Laguna BayRegion with 14.404 million people

29 LGUs along the lakeshore with188 barangays with 3.92 million

Key industrial location

Calamba City as the majormanufacturing center of CALABARZON



Basin

is an ecological unit, a scientificcategory based on the topographicdivide or bowl-like formation

Laguna de Bay Basin being acombination of 24 river basins is a bigbasin and a mega Watershed

More than 100 rivers, 24 majortributaries, hence 24 sub-basins or sub-watersheds

382,000 hectares of lake basin

14,000 hectares lakeshore with 391,084informal settler households from NCR,

Laguna, and Rizal 90,000 hectares lake surface area with

13,000 fishpen structures covering15,000 hectares, above the 9,000hectares allowed by law.

35,500 fisherfolk population

Region vs. Basin



2003



Laguna de

BayRate of change is slow

Napindan Channel - only

one major outlet to

Manila Bay via PasigRiver water more static

than dynamic

Integrating nature of a

lake it absorbs both

good and bad



ØAverage depth of the lake is 2.5meters

ØShoreline length = some 285kilometers

Ø3 distinct bays, the west bay,

central bay, and east bay thatconverge towards the south.

Laguna de Bay



Lake water levels fluctuations:Lake water levels fluctuations:

Summer months: 10.50 m elevation

Rainy seasons: 12.50 m elevationAnnual mean: 11.32 m elevation

Highest Level recorded: 14.60 m (year 1919)Lowest Level recorded: 10.27 m (year 1969)

Recent typhoon: 13.80 m (2009 Typhoon Ketsana )



Sources of surface recharge

22 Major Tributaries35% Pagsanjan-Lumban River

15% Sta. Cruz River

50% 19 remaining Tributaries

OutletNapindan Channel connectsthe lake to Manila Bay

Bay



Water Uses

Fisheries

IrrigationIrrigation

IIndustrial cooling

Navigation

Power GenerationPower Generation

Recreation

Habitat for various species

Drinking water supply

and many others



Conflicting Uses of Lake Water

Settlements andindustries vs.potable water supply

Industries vs.agriculture andfisheries

Fisheries vs. use of water for farmirrigation

Flood Control vs.

Fisheries

Flood Control vs.water abstraction

Fish pens vs.navigation /recreation

Settlements vs.

Tourism Golf courses vs.

water-based factoryproduction



Solid and Liquid Wastes fromLakeshore Communities

Up to 75% of MSW generated is organic,

and 45% can be recycled to producemethane gas. Even in urban areas with

efficient garbage systems, about 20% of

total Municipal Solid Waste remains

uncollected and dumped by residents

into water bodies.



Distribution of Pollution from Different

Sources 1996 and 2006

Domestic

77%

Industry

11%

Agriculture

11%Forest

1% Domestic

30%

Industry

40%

Agriculture

30%

Source: LISCOP 2008 and Elmer MercadoSource: LISCOP 2008 and Elmer Mercado

2006 1996



Drinking WaterSupply?

About 20 About 20--30% of households are not30% of households are notserviced by Water districts, or Ruralserviced by Water districts, or Rural

Waterworks AssociationsWaterworks Associations

PhysicoPhysico--chemicalchemicalparameters of parameters of Water QualityWater Quality



Siltation in Laguna de BaySiltation in Laguna de BayBathymetry Studies 1963, 1973, 1983, 1997

Year of

acquisition

of

bathymetry

data

Shallowing

Rate

(mm/year)

1963 vs. 1983 3.23

1983 vs. 1997 9.68

1963 vs. 1997 8.36

Net Changes:

64% of the lakeunderwentshallowing

specially west andcentral bays

exceeding 0.6m 32% of the lake

with minimalchange

Shallowing inexcess of 1moccurred in several

places 4% of the lake

deepened,common alongeastern shores of central & northernshores of west bayThe lake became shallower by

0.30 meters or about one foot



e orestat one orestat on/ Denudation/ Denudation

of Upstreamof Upstream Areas Areas The most denuded

upland areas are

Marikina Watershed,

Tanay Watershed, and

Sta Rosa Watershed

Studies record at least

3.8 m of silt on the

Laguna de Bay lakeside.

Shallowing of the lakebottom to an average of

2.5 meters limiting its

waterholding capacity



In orma Sett ements nLupangArenda, Taytay, Cainta & Pasig

with 62,000 households

Lupang Arenda is a natural

wetland, with

unconsolidated sub-surface

materials

LupangArienda



MANGGAHAN FLOODWAYPasig City & Cainta, Rizal



Pollution from

communities



Areas affected by Ondoy Areas affected by Ondoy

(Ketsana)(Ketsana)104 deaths

20ft. flood water in

some areas

900 barangays in

NCR and 24 sites inLaguna Lakeshore

affected

Php6B damage to

properties including

P4.1 billion damage to

infrastructure, P1.9

billion to schools and

P882.525 million in

damage to agriculture



Images of Ondoy/KetsanaImages of Ondoy/Ketsana



Water Level of Laguna de BayWater Level of Laguna de Bay

Los Baños Station (Sept-Oct 2009)

TYPHOON ONDOY

TYPHOON PEPENG



DYNAMICS OF MARIKINA, PASIG &

NAPINDAN RIVERS



FLOOD LEVELSFLOOD LEVELS



FLOOD LEVELSFLOOD LEVELS



Water-related and weather-induced climatechange impacts

FloodingTyphoon Ondoy

Sept. 2009



LAGUNA LAKE

MANGGAHAN

FLOODWAY

CAINTA

Water-related and weather-induced Typhoon Ketsana

climate change impacts (Ondoy)-Sept.2009

E. Manda



Summary of Major ProblemsSummary of Major Problems

Poverty and lack of information/educationLack of lake-sensitive economic opportunities to expand

livelihood opportunities

Pollution and waste primarily from domestic, commercial,

industrial, agricultural sources

Increased vulnerability of lakeshore settlements to floodhazards, geohazards, climate change impacts and health

hazards

Government indecision over informal sector resettlement

Unrationalized and unsound siting of infrastructure, utilities,

and urban development projects around the lake area

Unregulated activities in upland areas, watershed, and in the

shoreland

Lack of incentives for lake conservation, watershed protection

and restoration



Environmental, socioEnvironmental, socio--economic andeconomic andpolitical implications, present andpolitical implications, present and

longlong--termterm Scarcity of resources occurfrom degradation, abuse of useand inequitable distribution of

resources Environmental issues interplay

with political, social, economicand cultural factors to cause

instability and conflict Scarcity limits economic options

and force those impoverishedto seek livelihood in ecologically

endangered areas



IS THERE ASOLUTION TO SAVELAGUNA DE BAY?



Legal Arrangementsq Republic Act 4850 (1966) created LLDA to promote and

accelerate the development and balanced growth

q Presidential Decree 813 (1975) expanded LLDA s mandate& functions to include environmental protection with powerto issue permits for the use of surface waters

q Executive Order 927 granted LLDA water rights over allsurface waters; power to abate & control pollution & collectfees for the water uses

q Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004 declared Laguna de BayWater Quality Management Area (WQMA) reinforcing

LLDA s mandate and functions



Institutional Arrangements [Top 2]

q LLDA administratively attached to DENR (national lineagency) and interacts with 2 Regional ENR offices with

decentralized ENR regulatory responsibilities

q Over 30 other water-related agencies operating in thebasin & 66 LGUs with environment-related functions(1991 Local Government Code), but LLDA GoverningBoard has limited stakeholders/agency representations



Financial Arrangements [Top 2]

q Fiscal independence LLDA authorized to generate,

appropriate, channel & leverage its own funds to fulfillIWRM roles/activities

q Innovative financing mechanisms & market-basedincentives adopted for IWRM including waterresources and environmental management



Domestic

77%

Industry11%

Agriculture

11%Forest

1%Domestic

30%

Industry

40%

Agriculture

30%

Households contribute 77% of pollution load from 30% in 1997, 11%

industrial sources from 40% 10 years ago due to industrial EUFS

Households contribute 77% of pollution load from 30% in 1997, 11%

industrial sources from 40% 10 years ago due to industrial EUFS

Domestic discharges as main source of pollution1995 2006



Improving regulatory efficiency and effectivenessTotal BOD Loading vs. Number of Firms and Ave BOD Loading Per Firm(1997-2006)

17.38

4.17 3.682.29

0.87 0.77 1.13 1.06 1.29

24.34

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

Loading

No. of Firms

Ave.

Significant reduction in industrial BOD loading from 40% in

1997 when EUFS was introduced, to 11% in 2006.

Significant reduction in industrial BOD loading from 40% in

1997 when EUFS was introduced, to 11% in 2006.



Proposed Additional Financing

For LISCOP Project

NG-LGU Cost-Sharing Gains

From LISCOP Project

LLDAs Incentive Package

Laguna Lake Development AuthorityLaguna Lake Development Authority

Laguna de Bay Institutional Strengthening and

Community Participation (LISCOP) Project

Laguna de Bay Institutional Strengthening and

Community Participation (LISCOP) Project

Financing Mechanisms for LGUs Environmental Subprojects under Co-

Management Framework

Financing Mechanisms for LGUs Environmental Subprojects under Co-

Management Framework



Lessons Learned from LISCOP

Multi-stakeholder involvement in IWRM





CO-MANAGED INVESTMENTS FOR

WATERSHED DEVELOPMENT

LISCOP Incentive Package

1. NG-LGU Cost sharing

2. Capacity Building Program for LGU

3. PDF as a Source of Equity

4. Programmatic ECC/ EMP 5. FS preparation / DED



Sharing scheme for fishpen and fishcage fee share for Laguna de Bay



Impacts and OutcomesImpacts and Outcomes

24 LGUs implementing

36 sub-projects, majorityon solid waste

management

Upgraded 20 out of 41

(49%) LGU-operateddumpsites in the LdBR

LISCOP-funded

MRF/Composting

facilities have reducedfrom 50-67% of baseline

solid waste levelIncreased envt l. awareness of

LGUs and other stakeholders



US$10 M Additional Financing

To scale up subproject and LGUcoverage in the Laguna de Bay

Region To help LGUs undertake rehabilitation

needs of damaged subprojects

To make the existing environment

and flood control infrastructure moreresilient to the impacts of climatechange



Importance of scientific data and availability of management and technical tools in IWRM

Establishment of DSSSet up of HydrologicalDatabase System andHydrological Monitoring

NetworkDevelopment andInstallation of Geo-Information DatabaseSystem

Laguna de Bay ResourceManagement Info SystemEnvironmental ActionPlanning and Use of Multi-Criteria Analysis Tools

TyphoonOndoy

TyphoonPepeng



Top 3

q Addressing environmental infrastructure needs

qInstitutionalizing IWRM at the sub-watershedlevels

q Addressing climate change impacts at the riverbasin level



Addressing Infrastructure Needs

Background Environmental challenges call for the optimum

combination of soft approaches and hard infrastructures

Need for segregating LLDA s activities as a regulator anddeveloper

Encouraging Private Sector Participation (PSP) insustainable development of the Lake and its watershed

Set Direction

Creating an entity separate but related to LLDA forinfrastructure development and public-private partnerships

Prototyping the entity prior to full implementation



INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT MODEL(as approved per Board Resolution No. 157; January 25,2001)

LLDABoard

LLDAManagement

Team

TechnicalCouncil

OtherAgencies

WatershedManagement

Council

LGUs,Academe,

NGOs,Businesses

River Basin

Councils

SectoralCommittees

Laguna de BayDevelopmentCorporation

Board Trust FundSupervisory

Board

TrusteeOperations

Units

Laguna de BayInfrastructure

DevelopmentFund

LBDCOperations Unit

ExternalFundingAgencies

SpecialPurposeVehicles

Financing UnitBusinessDevelopment andMarketing Unit

Engineering Unit



Planner,Regulator,and

Developer

Current Structure Prototype Phase Final Phase

LLDA as:

Year 0 Years 1-X After Year X

LLDA as: LLDA as:

Plannerand

Regulator

Plannerand

Regulator

Composite andFunctions

UndifferentiatedFunctions Differentiated Corporatized

Developer(PDF) LBDC

Framework of the Strategy for the

Trunk Infrastructure Development

3



Integrated InfrastructureDevelopment Plan

To assess the environmental conditions

To determine competing demands and

stakeholders needs

To develop a roadmap to meet futureneeds

To complete related economic, social, andfinancial analyses for the plan



RecommendedEnvironmental Trust Fund (ETF)

Assure that the money collected from effluent chargeswill be used solely for the rehabilitation of the lake

Improve the billing and collection so that all polluters aremade to pay

Strengthen community initiatives on recycling, properwaste disposal, and improvement of sewerage with thehelp of LGUs

Strict enforcement of penalties for pollution violations.



Recommended ETFs Lake Rehabilitation Trust Fund

For projects that directly clean the lake water system

Counterpart money for establishment of sewerage systems inthe municipalities

Additional funding for information, education andcommunication campaigns for recycling, river rehabilitation,

proper disposal, and other environmental programs Recycling Initiatives Trust Fund

For projects that focus on recycling and solid wastemanagement

Municipal Waste Water Treatment Counterpart Trust Fund

Counterpart financing for construction, repair, rehabilitation, orreplacement of new and existing waste water treatmentfacilities



Recommended Distribution of CollectedCharges Among the Trust Funds

Trust Funds Management Costs 5 percent

Lake Rehabilitation Fund 30 percent

Recycling Initiatives Trust Fund 20 percent

Municipal Waste WaterTreatment Counterpart Fund

45 percent



Surface Water Pricing Scheme

Effect proper resource pricing of lakewater resources

Comply with the LLDA mandate toregulate the use of surface waters of

the Laguna Lake.

Raise funds to support the propermanagement, protection and

sustainable development of the Lake.



Raw Water Resource Fee

· Based on full recovery of all expendituresnecessary to implement a raw water pricingstructure and required for effective waterresource management;

Takes into account factors for different wateruse categories based on the LLDA s priorities,affordability and consumptive or non-consumptive uses;

To be paid on a per cubic meter of water used orabstracted;

To be calculated annually.



Integrated Watershed Management Councilsat the Sub-Watershed Level

Mechanism to effectively mainstream across the entirelake basin such collaborative approach to ensuresustainable management of sub-watersheds

Watershed as an ecosystem and basic planning and

management unit shall be developed in a holistic,scientific, rights-based, technology-based, community-based and collaborative manner

Ultimately to cover all 24 sub-watersheds of Laguna deBay

Prescribes key concepts and principles for watershedmanagement, and processes involved in collaborativearrangement

N k f Ri B i C ilN k f Ri B i C il



ANGONO

CARDONA

ALAMINOS

SINILOAN

NAGCARLAN

LILIW

STA.CRUZ

TERESA

MORONG

TANAY

LUCBAN

MAJAYJAY

KALAYAAN

CAVINTI

AGM

LOS BAÑOS

SAN PEDRO

MUNTINLUPA

SILANG

Napindan-Taguig watershed

Taguig Environment Society

Muntinlupa watershed

Muntinlupa City River Rehab

and Protection Fdn. Inc

San Pedro watershed

San Pedro River Rehab and

Protection Fdn., Inc.

San Pedro-Biñan watershed

Bisig-CataSave Silang-Sta. Rosa River

San Cristobal watershed

San Cristobal River

Enhancement and Defender

San Juan watershed

Malvar, Tanauan, Silang,

Calamba RPFI

Calamba Green StreamBrigade

Sta. Rosa-Cabuyao watershed

Cabuyao River Rehab & Protection

Fdn Inc

Sta. Rosa River Rehab. Mgmt Fdn.,

Inc

Los Baños-Makiling watershed

Los Baños Science Community Fdn,

Inc

Bay-Calauan watershed

Sagip Ilog ng Bae at Calauan

Fdn., Inc

Pila-Victoria-Nagcarlanwatershed

Pila-Victoria-Nagcarlan RFI

Sta. Cruz watershed

Liliw-Magdalena-Sta. Cruz

Majayjay-Rizal-Nagcarlan RFI

Pagsanjan-Lumban watershed

Pagsanjan-Lumban River

Basin Mgmt Devt Plan

Jala-jala watershed

Jala-jala River Council

Pililla watershed

Pillila River Envt Devt Fdn Inc

Tanay watershed

Tanay Environment Fdn, Inc

Morong Teresa watershedMorong-Teresa River Rehab

Prot. Fdn, Inc

Angono-Binangonan-Cardona

watershed

Green Movement of Angono

Inc.

Network of River Basin CouncilsNetwork of River Basin Councils



Addressing Climate Change

Impacts

Context of river basins Provides a natural

framework for climatechange including water-related disaster risk management

Brings natural and socialsystems together to develop

and provide the context forwater-induced/flood risk management decisionmaking.



Addressing Climate Change

Impacts Multi-disciplinary approaches considering the scientificcontext of climate change

Integrated where the program relates to a broad rangeof local problems or made worse by natural hazards and

disasters. DRRM needs community engagement to directly involve

vulnerable communities in the decisions on risk management so that their interests and affordability areconsidered

Multi-sectoral where people from different existingorganizations at the community level are engaged asvolunteers



Using the IWRM Spiral Model

Need to enhancesmall-scale LGU

env. projects(2010) & address

domesticpollution

2. Conceptualizing

Legend Past Activities

Future Activities

[1960-1966]Leading/CoordinatingBody LLDA as RBO

[1966-1975]Water Quality Control/

Environment Mgmt

Climate Change Adaptation River Basin

Context

Need to improveinstitutional

arrangements toresolve conflicts

(2010)

1. Recognizing & identifying

Re-submissionof LLDA

StrengtheningBill to Congress

(2010)

2010

Re-packagingLISCOP to scaleup LGUs to sub-watershed level

(2010)

3. Coordinating & planning

Forming/organizing the IWM

Councils at sub-watershed level

thru multi-sectoral

consultations

(2010)

Documentationfor LdB

DevelopmentCorp.

(2010)

4. Implementing,monitoring & evaluating

Creation of LdBDevt. Corp.(2011-12)

LISCOP Projectwith additionalfinancing for

LGUs(WB, 2011-13)

[1975-1983] Authority to issue water

permits & collecting fee forwater use and discharge

[2000-2010] Adoption of IWRM Model for Re-eng g LLDA, Decision Support

System/Geo-desk,LISCOP Project

[2010 Onward]IWM at Sub-watershed

Level

[1983-2000]Master Plan and EUFS

PackagingIntegrated WQMProgram (2011-

12)



Legal Arrangements [Top 2]q Legislated charter vs. ad-hoc & project-based

arrangementsq Unique legal, institutional & financing

arrangements

Institutional Arrangements [Top 2]q Multi-stakeholder engagementq IWRM as an approach

Financial Arrangements [Top 2]q Fiscal autonomy of RBOq Mobilization & leveraging of funds to catalyze

investments in IWRM including infrastructure



[top 2 improvement issues]

Envisaged Key Areas for Knowledge Networking

[Top 3]q Roadmaps for IWRM Investments and financing

mechanisms to address domestic wastewaterpollution

q Disaster risk reduction management in the context of river basin, e.g., designing of DRRM, climate changeadaptation strategies, etc.

q Benchmarking for RBO performance (international,

regional, country, RBO levels) Modalities for country assessments Toolkits for performance assessments

q IWRM Processes Sharing of country/RBO experiences on IWRM processes

Protocols for IWRM planning & implementation



[top 2 improvement issues]

Topics / Challenges for Partnerships with AsiaCountries/Institutions

[Top 3]q Disaster risk reduction management in the context

of river basin, e.g., risk assessmentmethods/technologies; IT, GIS/Remote sensingtechnologies/applications; real time telemetering(water quantity & quality) and flood forecasting

q IWRM investment planning and decision making

given multiplicity of actors in a given watershedq Innovative financing mechanisms & market-based

incentives to address lack of investments in waterresources/environmental management including



Amending the LLDA LawThank You

& Good Day!

Laguna Lake Development Authority4th Floor Annex Building, SRA Compound

North Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City, Philippines

Contact Nos. +632918-888-5353

Email Addresses:

[email protected]

[email protected]

Homepage: www.llda.gov.ph

Documents

WLW Day 1: IWRM Progressin the Laguna de Bayin the Laguna de BayBasin/PhilippinesBasin/Philippines by Dolora Nepomuceno