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7/29/2019 Wk 4 Culture
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Culture
Introduction
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Culture
• The way of life of a people
• Culture includes the human-createdstrategies for adjusting/adapting to the
environment & to those creatures
(including humans) that are part of that
environment.
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North
Korea
South
Korea
The division ofthe Korean Peninsula into
North and South havehad a profound effect on
Korean culture (on the wayof life of both North and
South Koreans), and on themeaning of being Korean.
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Fig. 3-2, p. 66
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Division becomes a genre in art
• Desire for unity in movies
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• The previous photo:
– From the Korean point of view ―their world fell
apart‖ when Korea was divided into north and
south. This monument on the South Koreanside of the DMZ (demilitarized zone)
expresses the desire of both sides to ―push
the their world back together‖ and reunify.
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• The previous photo:
– the DMZ museum on the southern side of theborder. Two South Korean figurines, one
male soldier and one female soldier stand
outside the entrance.
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The Korean War Memorial in Washington, D.C
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• The previous photo:
– The United States memorializes its role in the
Korean War Memorial in Washington, D.C.,
with 19 statues each approximately 7 feet, 3inches tall.
– An estimated 7.5 million Americans haveserved in South Korea to maintain that
division over the past 60 years.
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Culture
Material Culture
Nonmaterial Culture
Beliefs
Values
Norms
Symbols
Language
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Definitions
• Material culture:– All the natural and human-created objects
to which people have attached meaning.
• Non-material culture:–
Intangible human creations, which wecannot identify directly through thesenses.
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• Subculture: Segment of society that
shares distinctive pattern of mores,
folkways, and values that differ from larger
society
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A Culture of Cheating?
• If cheaters are not caught, will their academic
dishonesty have any negative effect on them?
• What effects does it have on honest students?
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• Ethnocentrism: Tendency to assume that
one’s own culture and way of life
represents the norm or is superior to
others
• Cultural relativism: People’s behaviors
from the perspective of their own culture
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• Culture shock: Feeling disoriented,
uncertain, out of place, or fearful when
immersed in an unfamiliar culture
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• Culture war : Polarization of society over
controversial cultural elements
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• Dominant ideology: Set of cultural beliefs
and practices that help maintain powerful
interests, including:
– Social interests
– Economic interests
– Political interests
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General, shared conceptions of what is good, right,appropriate, worthwhile, and important with regard to
conduct, appearance, and states of being.
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Conceptions that people accept as true, concerning howthe world operates and where the individual fits in
relationship to others.
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Written and unwritten rules that specify behaviors
appropriate and inappropriate to a particular social
situation.
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An handbook for international students studying in the United
States describes American norms guiding greetings:
Americans are very friendly. They tend to greet each other witha smile, sometimes a handshake, and a friendly "Hello, how are
you?" (which is not a question about your health) or "What's up?"Such a greeting is very common, and does not always require ananswer. If an American friend greets you with "Hi, what's goingon?" and walks away, do not feel offended, it is a popular way ofgreeting. Also, the common phrase "See you later" is not an
invitation for a visit, but a way to say "Good bye."
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Any kind of physical or conceptual phenomenon—a
word, an object, a sound, a feeling, an odor, a gesture or bodily movement, or a concept of time—to which people
assign a name and a meaning or value.
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• Diffusion: Process by which cultural item
spreads from group to group
– McDonaldization: Process through which
principles of fast-food industry dominate
certain sectors of society
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Types of diffusion (1)
• Normative: adoption of what has
become the professional or legitimate
standard – Recycling practices
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Types of diffusion (2)
• Mimetic: when uncertain about how
best to approach a problem, actors
borrow from others
– how to deal with terrorist attacks
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Types of diffusion (3)
• Coercive: adoption out of respect for
authority or to avoid losses
– Driving on the left or right?
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• How do functionalists and conflict theorists
view culture?
– Culture as consensus
– Culture as conflict