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Nov. 28th
Multiple Stakeholders
What are stakeholders?
First Battle of Blair Mountain (1921)
Second Battle of Blair Mountain (TODAY)
Coal minersUnion busters VS
United Mine Workers of AmericaArchaeologistsEnvironmentalistsHistorical preservationists
Mining companies VS
STAKEHOLD
ERS
Stakeholders: People who have an interest (a stake) in the past
Three case studies
1) Destruction of Ancestral Puebloan petroglyphs2) The celebration of the Solstice at Stonehenge3) How Shakers are presented at Shakertown, Kentucky
Who are the stakeholders?What are the stakes?What is the resolution?
Questions for each case study
1) Destruction of Ancestral Puebloan petroglyphs
What is Ancestral Puebloan?
AncestralPuebloans
HohokamMimbres
Mimbrespottery(1000-1300 AD
Pueblo Bonito, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico
Puebloans are known for living inlarge stone pueblos.
Pueblos reached their largest sizebetween 1000 and 1300 AD
Cliff Dwelling, Mesa Verde, Colorado
Gran Quivira pueblo,near Roswell, New Mexico
Taos Pueblo, a modern pueblo in New Mexico
A pueblo in Northern New Mexico
Taos Pueblo, a modern pueblo in New Mexico
Hopi pueblo at WalpiHopi pueblo at Oraibi
Hopi pueblos 100 years ago
Navajo hogan
petroglyphs
petroglyphs
pictographs
Ancestral Puebloanpetroglyphs andpictographs (made byancestors of Hopi)
Who are the stakeholders: The Navajo The Hopi
1) Destruction of Ancestral Puebloan petroglyphs and pictographs
VS
What are the stakes?
What is the resolution?
Petroglyphs causeevil, therefore
must be destroyed
Petroglyphs are ourhistory, thereforemust be preserved
VS
Tourists Archaeologists
Art lovers
2) The celebration of the Solstice at Stonehenge
There is a long history of conflict between stakeholdersat Stonehenge, beginning from the moment it was built.
Barbara Bender
Travelers camped near Stonhenge
Travelers celebrating solstice at Stonhenge
50,000 Travelers camped at Stonhenge during the 1984 Free Festival
1985 Battle of the Beanfield
Exclusion zone
1985 Battle of the Beanfield
1989: Travelers broke into Stonehenge
Quilt commemorating 1988 clashbetween police and travelers
King Arthur Pendragon (aka John Rothwell),winter solstice Dec. 21, 2010
Druids at Stonehenge
Who are the stakeholders: TravelersEnglish HeritageArchaeologistsDruids
2) The celebration of the Solstice at Stonehenge
VS
What are the stakes?
What is the resolution?
Trying to camp out andcelebrate the solstice up
close to Stonehenge for freeand without gettingheads cracked open
Trying to reserve Stonehengeto decent, paying tourists. Alsotrying to limit wear and tear onStonehenge and Salisbury Plain
VS
2003: Exclusion zone finally repealed
3) How Shakers are presented at Shakertown, Kentucky
The voice ofthe present
The past(actually just
the mouthpieceof the present)
Contradiction: Shakers are good producers, but odd people
Response to contradiction: we should overlook the Shaker’s odditiesand focus on their industriousness
Alternative response to contradiction: The Shaker’s odditiesare key to understanding what they were all about.
Every key aspect of who the shakers were is a repudiation of mainstream societyand industrial capitalism
3) How Shakers are presented at Shakertown, Kentucky
Doesn’t really pit one stakeholder against another. Theconflict is between different visions of what the past was like
The past is the sameas the present
The past is different from the present and can challenge the present
The Shakers are like us,but just a little strange
The Shakers are very different: theythought mainstream society was all wrong
Today’s free marketcapitalism is a natural
state of affairs, and should not be changed
Today’s free market capitalism isinhumane, but it and can be changedand the Shakers show that there arealternatives.
VS
VS
VS
Who are the stakeholders?
What is at stake?
What are thesecompeting visions?
What is the resolution?Archaeology is a social science, which means that thereare many sides to each issue. As long as we live in ademocracy as opposed to a dictatorship, the deepestquestions will continue to be debated.
