Wittgenstein Nachlass Introduction

8/3/2019 Wittgenstein Nachlass Introduction

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W i t t g e n s t e i n ’ s N a c h l a s s . T h e B e r g e n E l e c t r o n i c E d i t i o n . I n t r o d u c t i o n

© 2 0 0 0 : O x f o r d U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s , t h e U n i v e r s i t y o f B e r g e n , t h e W i t t g e n s t e i n T r u s t e e s . A l l r i g h t s r e s e r v e d .

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Wittgenstein’s NachlassThe Bergen Electronic Edition

Introduction

© 2000 Oxford University PressUniversity of Bergen

The Wittgenstein TrusteesThis Introduction provides you with background information about Wittgenstein’s Nachlass andalso with important information about the Bergen Electronic Edition. In particular it providesdetails of the various editorial decisions made by the Wittgenstein Archives at the University of Bergen; these editorial decisions impact on the transcription of Wittgenstein’s text, and thedisplay and searching of the text.

If you would like information on how to start using the disc then please refer to the User Guide.If you would like to go straight to the transcriptions, or to the Facsimile and Item List, select theplace where you wish to go from the Main Menu.

T h e W i t t g e n s t e i n N a c h l a s s

On his death in 1951, Ludwig Wittgenstein left behind a philosophical Nachlass of some 20,000pages. Apart from the Tractatus, these papers were at that point unpublished and largelyunknown. The extent of the material came as a surprise even to Wittgenstein’s friends. TheTrustees whom he had appointed to manage his estate - G.E.M. Anscombe, Rush Rhees, andG.H. von Wright - were repeatedly obliged to reassess the scale of their task as more and morematerial came to light. Their amazement was even greater on learning that Wittgenstein had hadfurther papers destroyed.

Wittgenstein’s hope was that his Trustees might at last achieve what he himself had nevermanaged, namely to settle on a form for the publication of his works. In his will of 29 January1951 he wrote, ‘I intend and desire that Mr Rhees, Miss Anscombe, and Professor von Wrightshall publish as many of my unpublished writings as they think fit (...)’





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P u b l i c a t i o n h i s t o r y

In 1953 G.E.M. Anscombe and Rush Rhees published Philosophical Investigations

(Philosophische Untersuchungen). Since then many more texts have been released in print. Thepublication of the Nachlass is still an ongoing concern.

The story of the Nachlass and the initial phase of its publication is told in von Wright’s bookWittgenstein (von Wright 1982). Of particular interest is the chapter ‘The Wittgenstein Papers’(first published 1969), which contains what has meanwhile become the standard classification of the Nachlass.

The text of the book publications has been available in electronic form for several years but differsfrom the current edition in that 1. it was not prepared especially for this medium, and 2. it includesonly the book titles edited and published posthumously, and not the entire Nachlass.

T h e N a c h l a s s c a t a l o g u e

In talking of Wittgenstein’s Nachlass one usually means the texts listed in von Wright’s catalogue- in other words, the philosophical papers. Von Wright divides the approximately 20,000 pages

into three numbered groups: numbers 101-182 refer to manuscripts (texts in Wittgenstein’s hand,primarily notebooks and bound volumes); numbers 201-245 refer to typescripts (usually dictatedby Wittgenstein directly from his manuscripts); numbers 301-311 refer to dictations (to friendsand students, e.g. in connection with lectures and seminars).

For each Nachlass item the catalogue gives a date, a brief description, and the number of pages.Some of the items are discussed in greater detail in a supplement to the main catalogue. In thefield of Nachlass research, von Wright’s catalogue has established itself as the standard system of reference.

The original manuscripts and typescripts are preserved at various libraries and archives: MSS

105-107, 112-113, and TS 203 are kept at the Austrian National Library, Vienna; MS 104 and TS202 at the Bodleian Library, Oxford; TSS 201a at the Bertrand Russell Archive, Hamilton,Ontario. Two items now considered lost are: TS 209 (Philosophische Bemerkungen) and TS 234(typescript of the second part of Philosophische Untersuchungen). There exist copies of theformer. All other items in von Wright’s catalogue, meaning by far the greater part of the Nachlass, are held at Trinity College Library, Cambridge.





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After the compilation of the catalogue a number of items went missing but have recently been

recovered: MSS 126, 127, 139b, 142, and TSS 204, 236 and 238. Of these, MSS 126 and 127were traced in 1993 and returned to Trinity College Library. TSS 236 and 238 were identified inthe Rush Rhees collection at Trinity. Then, in 1993, Johannes Koder published the fact (Koder1993) that MSS 139b, 142, and TS 204 were among the posthumous estate of Rudolph andElisabeth Koder, Vienna. Koder’s publication also brought a number of hitherto unknown itemsto light: a notebook with entries from different periods (1930-32 and 1936-37; now catalogued asMS 183) and two manuscript-sheets from the 1920s (Koder 1993, p.53ff). The latter are singlepage items: a page torn from a diary and an annotated newspaper cutting.

N a c h l a s s s t r u c t u r e a n d e d i t i n g

In assigning numbers to the Nachlass items, it was not so much chronological order that vonWright took into account, but physical criteria, such as notebook size, and Wittgenstein’s owngrouping of certain items into various series. The first such series consists of 18 volumes whichWittgenstein numbered with Latin numerals. In von Wright’s catalogue these are MSS 105-122.A second series consists of 16 volumes from what was once probably a complete sequenceclassified by Wittgenstein alphabetically from A to S. These are catalogued by von Wright as MSS123-138. Collectively these items are referred to as Bände (Volumes). In their degree of apparentrevision these are distinguished from the so-called notebooks which constitute most of theremaining handwritten part of the Nachlass.

Not surprisingly for a corpus of unfinished work, the distinction between manuscript andtypescript is often hard to uphold. Some manuscripts contain typescript cuttings (e.g. MSS 114and 115), while the majority of typescripts contain handwritten additions, corrections, andcommentaries (cf. TSS 208 and 213), or even complete sections of manuscript (TS 233).

Von Wright’s numbers refer to the separate physical parts of the Nachlass, not to thematicallyordered units of text. In the case of the manuscripts this generally means that the handwrittenmaterial is classified according to the separate manuscript books (notebooks, ledgers, etc.)

irrespective of how the text is arranged within them.

The consequences of this approach can sometimes be surprising, as in the case of the first two‘Volumes’, MSS 105 and 106. Roughly speaking, the text runs first through the recto pages of MS 105, continuing through the recto pages of MS 106, followed by the verso pages of MS 106,and finally on to the verso pages of MS 105. Thus, although the physical unit which Wittgensteincalled ‘Band I’ is referred to by a single catalogue number (MS 105), it in fact consists of two





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independent text sequences, the one running through the recto, the other through the verso pages.

(See below.)

In the next volume (MS 107), the text is initially continuous as far as page 229. It then continuesin MS 108 as far as page 64. Thereupon Wittgenstein went back to MS 107 and continued thereto the end of that volume, before returning yet again to MS 108. Similar discontinuities can befound throughout the Nachlass. This may be a consequence of Wittgenstein’s working ondifferent manuscripts in different places, e.g. Vienna and Cambridge.

In addition to the difficulty of establishing the true ‘unit’ of a Wittgensteinian text, the editor of Wittgenstein’s writings must contend with problems on a much more detailed level.

As in many other manuscript sources, Wittgenstein’s writings contain deletions, overwritings,interlinear insertions, marginal remarks and annotations, substitutions, counterpositions, andshorthand abbreviations, as well as orthographic errors and slips of the pen. A particular problemis posed by his habit of combining insertions and deletions to form substitutions betweenalternative expressions. When revising his work he did in some cases clearly decide in favour of aspecific alternative. In others he left the matter open.

Another aspect of his revision work consisted in copying or dictating passages from onemanuscript to another. Therefore the Nachlass is, in a certain sense, repetitious; it contains severallayers of basically similar text. These intertextual links are complicated and by no means fully

mapped out, yet they are of distinctive interest to scholars studying the development of Wittgenstein’s thought.

In light of these problems, it might seem that the only way to do Wittgenstein’s Nachlass justicewould be to publish it in facsimile. This was done in 1967, when Cornell University commissioneda microfilm of the entire Nachlass, such as it was known at the time (The Wittgenstein Papers,Cornell University Libraries, Ithaca, N.Y., 1968). Xerox copies of this microfilm weresubsequently purchased by many other research institutions.

Unfortunately, however, the Cornell edition is incomplete and of inconsistent quality. Moreover, afacsimile has obvious shortcomings as a means of conveying Wittgenstein’s thought to a broadpublic. For someone unfamiliar with Wittgenstein’s handwriting or editorial conventions, forinstance, a transcribed and edited text will clearly be of more use.

Although we can safely say that the most important themes and arguments of Wittgenstein’sthought are now known from what has been published, there are always aspects of his workwhich traditional means of publication fail to capture. With the aim of honouring Wittgenstein’sintentions, his editors have sometimes put together selections from a range of different





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manuscripts. Unfortunately, Wittgenstein’s intentions can rarely be established with any certainty.

The instructions he wrote into his works are numerous and often contradictory. Those selectionsthat have been made have secured for Wittgenstein a place among the first rank of Westernthinkers. Regrettable, however, is that his editors do not always document their decisions, thusobscuring the relationship between the published material and its sources.

The posthumous publications differ considerably in their editorial approaches. Some of theminvolve much editorial intervention, others less. But in general they contain no critical apparatus.

Against this background the advantages of an electronic edition are numerous. Machine-readabletranscriptions have an inherent flexibility which paper editions cannot match. A suitably encodedcomputerized text can be filtered for presentation in many different ways, it can contain links forautomatic cross referencing, and it can be rapidly searched for key words and categorized terms.In particular it allows for the efficient tracing of similarly worded text passages in differentmanuscripts.

T h e B e r g e n E l e c t r o n i c E d i t i o n

The Bergen Electronic Edition is the result of a long-term scholarly work that serves the mostexacting academic research purposes as well as general interest for Wittgenstein’s writings. As

such it offers far more than a mere visual representation of the original material. The core of thepublication consists of the facsimile pictures and two Infobases containing transcriptions of theoriginals in Diplomatic and Normalized formats.

The Bergen Electronic Edition has been carried out in co-operation between the WittgensteinArchives at the University of Bergen, the the HIT Centre at the University of Bergen (formerlythe Norwegian Computing Centre for the Humanities) and Oxford University Press. TheWittgenstein Archives has designed the editorial principles, developed software tools, andprepared the transcriptions. The HIT Centre has developed the delivery system and prepared theelectronic facsimile. Oxford University Press has provided digitized photographs of the entire

Nachlass and managed the publication process.The transcriptions under preparation at the Wittgenstein Archives are coded in a primary formatusing a syntax called MECS (Multi Element Code System). MECS defines the syntax for theWittgenstein Archives’ registration standard, MECS-WIT, while MECS software allows forvarying presentation formats, code extraction, variant control, and compilation of word lists andother statistical data. With the appropriate software tools, MECS-conformant transcriptions may





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be presented according to a variety of filtering profiles (style sheets).

The basic minimal requirement of a MECS-WIT transcription is that it should provide for both adiplomatic and a normalized and simplified reading version of the text. Both of these versionsare included on this CD-ROM edition, where they are linked page for page with each other andwith the digital facsimile, thus allowing efficient inspection of the text on varying levels of detail.

T e x t s i n c l u d e d i n t h i s e d i t i o n

The list below gives an overview of all manuscripts, typescripts and dictations included in this

edition. The list first gives the von Wright catalogue number of each item, indicates on which discthe facsimile of the item is to be found, and quotes the title of the item. The title is either theoriginal's title or (mostly in cases where the original carries no title) the title given by von Wright.

I t e m D i s c T i t l e

n o . ( v o l )

1 0 1 4 b N o t i z b u c h

1 0 2 4 b N o t i z b u c h

1 0 3 4 b N o t i z b u c h

1 0 4 4 b N o t i z b u c h . D e r s o g . P r o t o t r a c t a t u s

1 0 5 2 B a n d I P h i l o s o p h i s c h e B e m e r k u n g e n

( = V i e n n a , Ö s t e r r e i c h i s c h e N a t i o n a l b i b l i o t h e k , C o d . S e r . n . 2 2 . 0 1 8 )

1 0 6 2 B a n d I I


1 0 7 2 B a n d I I I P h i l o s o p h i s c h e B e t r a c h t u n g e n


1 0 8 2 B a n d I V P h i l o s o p h i s c h e B e m e r k u n g e n

1 0 9 2 B a n d V B e m e r k u n g e n

1 1 0 2 B a n d V I P h i l o s o p h i s c h e B e m e r k u n g e n

1 1 1 2 B a n d V I I B e m e r k u n g e n z u r P h i l o s o p h i e

1 1 2 2 B a n d V I I I B e m e r k u n g e n z u r p h i l o s o p h i s c h e n G r a m m a t i k


1 1 3 2 B a n d I X P h i l o s o p h i s c h e G r a m m a t i k


1 1 4 1 B a n d X . " P h i l o s o p h i s c h e G r a m m a t i k "

1 1 5 1 B a n d X I . " P h i l o s o p h i s c h e B e m e r k u n g e n " . " P h i l o s o p h i s c h e U n t e r s u c h u n g e n "

1 1 6 1 B a n d X I I . " P h i l o s o p h i s c h e B e m e r k u n g e n "

1 1 7 1 B a n d X I I I . " P h i l o s o p h i s c h e B e m e r k u n g e n "

1 1 8 1 B a n d X I V . " P h i l o s o p h i s c h e B e m e r k u n g e n "

1 1 9 1 B a n d X V .

1 2 0 1 B a n d X V I .

1 2 1 1 B a n d X V I I . " P h i l o s o p h i s c h e B e m e r k u n g e n . "

1 2 2 1 B a n d X V I I I . " P h i l o s o p h i s c h e B e m e r k u n g e n "

1 2 3 4 a N o t i z b u c h P h i l o s o p h i s c h e B e m e r k u n g e n

1 2 4 3 B a n d

1 2 5 4 a T a s c h e n n o t i z b u c h






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1 2 7 4 a T a s c h e n n o t i z b u c h F . M a t h e m a t i k u n d L o g i k

1 2 8 3 B a n d

1 2 9 3 B a n d

1 3 0 3 B a n d

1 3 1 3 B a n d

1 3 2 3 B a n d

1 3 3 3 B a n d

1 3 4 3 B a n d

1 3 5 3 B a n d

1 3 6 3 B a n d Q

1 3 7 3 B a n d R

1 3 8 3 B a n d S

1 3 9 a 4 b V o r t r a g ü b e r E t h i k

1 3 9 b 4 b V o r t r a g ü b e r E t h i k ( K o d e r N a c h l a s s )

1 4 0 4 b " G r o s s e s F o r m a t "

1 4 1 4 b A n f a n g e i n e r f r ü h e n d e u t s c h e n F a s s u n g d e s B r a u n e n B u c h s

1 4 2 3 B a n d P h i l o s o p h i s c h e U n t e r s u c h u n g e n

1 4 3 4 b B e m e r k u n g e n z u F r a z e r s " T h e G o l d e n B o u g h "

1 4 4 3 B a n d R e i n s c h r i f t d e s I I . T e i l s d e r U n t e r s u c h u n g e n

1 4 5 4 b G r o s s e s N o t i z b u c h . S o g C 1








1 5 3 a 4 b T a s c h e n n o t i z b u c h . " A n m e r k u n g e n " .

1 5 3 b 4 b T a s c h e n n o t i z b u c h

1 5 4 4 b T a s c h e n n o t i z b u c h

1 5 5 4 b T a s c h e n n o t i z b u c h

1 5 6 a 4 b T a s c h e n n o t i z b u c h

1 5 6 b 4 b T a s c h e n n o t i z b u c h

1 5 7 a 4 a T a s c h e n n o t i z b u c h

1 5 7 b 4 a T a s c h e n n o t i z b u c h





1 6 2 a 4 a T a s c h e n n o t i z b u c h

1 6 2 b 4 a P o c k e t n o t e b o o k




1 6 6 4 a T a s c h e n n o t i z b u c h . ' N o t e s f o r t h e " P h i l o s o p h i c a l L e c t u r e " '


1 6 8 4 a N o t i z b u c h




1 7 2 4 a M a n u s k r i p t a u f l o s e n B l ä t t e r n

1 7 3 4 a N o t i z b u c h

1 7 4 4 a N o t i z b u c h






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1 7 6 4 a N o t i z b u c h

1 7 7 4 a N o t i z b u c h

1 7 8 a 4 a F r a g m e n t M a n k ö n n t e d i e ( g a n z e ) S a c h e

1 7 8 b 4 a F r a g m e n t I c h v e r s t e h e e s

1 7 8 c 4 a F r a g m e n t D a s B i l d d e r C a n t o r s c h e n Ü b e r l e g u n g

1 7 8 d 4 a F r a g m e n t U n t e r L o g i k v e r s t e h t m a n

1 7 8 e 4 a F r a g m e n t d a r f s t D u D i c h n i c h t

1 7 8 f 4 a F r a g m e n t I c h m ö c h t e s a g e n

1 7 8 g 4 a F r a g m e n t D i e s e S i c h e r h e i t i s t e i n e e m p i r i s c h e

1 7 8 h 4 a F r a g m e n t f o l g t ? i s t d a s V e r s t e h e n ?

1 7 9 4 a N o t i z b u c h

1 8 0 a 4 a N o t i z b u c h

1 8 0 b 4 a N o t i z b u c h

1 8 1 4 a L o s e B l ä t t e r P r i v a c y o f S e n s e D a t a

1 8 2 3 L i s t e d e r B e m e r k u n g e n a u s T s . 2 2 8 , d i e i n d i e E n d f a s s u n g d e s I . T e i l s d e r

U n t e r s u c h u n g e n a u f g e n o m m e n w u r d e n

1 8 3 4 a T a g e b u c h a u s d e m K o d e r N a c h l a s s

2 0 1 a 1 2 N o t e s o n L o g i c

2 0 1 a 2 2 N o t e s o n L o g i c

2 0 2 4 b L o g i s c h - P h i l o s o p h i s c h e A b h a n d l u n g . ( S o g . " E n g e l m a n n T s . " d e s " T r a c t a t u s " )

2 0 3 4 b L o g i s c h - P h i l o s o p h i s c h e A b h a n d l u n g ( S o g . W i e n e r T s . d e s " T r a c t a t u s " )


2 0 4 4 b L o g i s c h - P h i l o s o p h i s c h e A b h a n d l u n g ( S o g . " G m u n d e n T s . " d e s " T r a c t a t u s " )

2 0 5 2 G e l e i t w o r t z u m W ö r t e r b u c h f ü r V o l k s s c h u l e n

2 0 6 2 Ü b e r I d e n t i t ä t

2 0 7 2 V o r t r a g ü b e r E t h i k

2 0 8 2 T y p o s k r i p t b a s i e r e n d a u f 1 0 5 , 1 0 6 , 1 0 7 u n d d e r e r s t e n H ä l f t e v o n 1 0 8

2 0 9 2 P h i l o s o p h i s c h e B e m e r k u n g e n

2 1 0 2 T y p o s k r i p t b a s i e r e n d a u f d e r z w e i t e n H ä l f t e v o n 1 0 8

2 1 1 2 T y p o s k r i p t b a s i e r e n d a u f 1 0 9 , 1 1 0 , 1 1 1 , 1 1 2 , 1 1 3 u n d d e m A n f a n g v o n 1 1 4

2 1 2 1 T y p e s c r i p t b a s e d o n 1 0 9 , 1 1 0 , 1 1 1 , 1 1 2 , 1 1 3 , a n d t h e b e g i n n i n g o f 1 1 4

2 1 3 1 S o g . " B i g T y p e s c r i p t "

2 1 4 a 1 A u f s a t z " K o m p l e x u n d T a t s a c h e "

2 1 4 b 1 A u f s a t z " B e g r i f f u n d G e g e n s t a n d "

2 1 4 c 1 A u f s a t z " G e g e n s t a n d "

2 1 5 a 1 A u f s a t z " U n e n d l i c h l a n g "

2 1 5 b 1 A u f s a t z " U n e n d l i c h e M ö g l i c h k e i t "

2 1 5 c 4 a A u f s a t z " E i n e n S a t z i m E r n s t o d e r S p a ß m e i n e n , e t c . "

2 1 6 1 A u f s a t z " G l e i c h u n g e n u n d U n g l e i c h u n g e n s i n d F e s t s e t z u n g e n o d e r d i e F o l g e n v o n F e s t s e t z u n g e n "

2 1 7 1 A u f s a t z " A l l g e m e i n h e i t e i n e r D e m o n s t r a t i o n "

2 1 8 1 A u f s a t z " W i e k a n n u n s e i n a l l g e m e i n e r B e w e i s d e n b e s o n d e r e n B e w e i s s c h e n k e n ? "

2 1 9 1 T y p o s k r i p t m i t d e n A n f a n g s w o r t e n " M u s s s i c h d e n n n i c h t . . . "

2 2 0 1 T y p o s k r i p t v o n e t w a d e r e r s t e n H ä l f t e d e r V o r k r i e g s f a s s u n g d e r U n t e r s u c h u n g e n

2 2 1 1 T y p o s k r i p t d e r z w e i t e n H ä l f t e d e r V o r k r i e g s f a s s u n g d e r U n t e r s u c h u n g e n

2 2 2 1 T y p o s k r i p t , z u s a m m e n g e s t e l l t a u s Z e t t e l n a u s 2 2 1

2 2 3 1 T y p o s k r i p t m i t d e n A n f a n g s w o r t e n " M a n k a n n s i c h l e i c h t e i n e S p r a c h e d e n k e n . . . " ,

z u s a m m e n g e s t e l l t a u s Z e t t e l n a u s 2 2 1

2 2 4 1 T y p o s k r i p t m i t d e n A n f a n g s w o r t e n " D a s U e b e r r a s c h e n d e i n d e r M a t h e m a t i k . . . " ,

z u s a m m e n g e s t e l l t a u s Z e t t e l n a u s 2 2 1 "

2 2 5 1 T y p o s k r i p t d e s V o r w o r t s z u r V o r k r i e g s f a s s u n g d e r U n t e r s u c h u n g e n

2 2 6 1 E n g l i s c h e Ü b e r s e t z u n g v o n R u s h R h e e s d e s A n f a n g s d e r V o r k r i e g s f a s s u n g

d e r U n t e r s u c h u n g e n

2 2 7 a 3 T y p o s k r i p t ( a ) d e s e r s t e n T e i l s d e r E n d f a s s u n g d e r U n t e r s u c h u n g e n

2 2 7 b 3 T y p o s k r i p t ( b ) d e s e r s t e n T e i l s d e r E n d f a s s u n g d e r U n t e r s u c h u n g e n





P a g e 9

2 2 8 3 B e m e r k u n g e n I

2 2 9 3 T y p o s k r i p t , F o r t s e t z u n g v o n 2 2 8

2 3 0 3 B e m e r k u n g e n I I

2 3 1 3 Z w e i L i s t e n d e r ü b e r e i n s t i m m e n d e n B e m e r k u n g e n i n " B e m e r k u n g e n I " u n d " B e m e r k u n g e n I I "

2 3 2 3 T y p o s k r i p t , b a s i e r e n d a u f d e n M s B ä n d e n 1 3 5 b i s 1 3 7

2 3 3 a 4 a Z e t t e l I

2 3 3 b 4 a Z e t t e l I I

2 3 5 4 a T y p o s k r i p t e i n e s I n h a l t s v e r z e i c h n i s s e s e i n e s u n b e k a n n t e n W e r k s

2 3 6 4 a T y p o s k r i p t a u s 1 7 n i c h t a u f e i n a n d e r f o l g e n d e n S e i t e n a u s 2 1 0 u n d e i n e r S e i t e a u s 2 1 1

2 3 7 4 a T y p o s k r i p t a u s B r u c h s t ü c k e n d e r S e i t e n 8 0 b i s 9 2 v o n 2 2 0 , m i t Z u s ä t z e n u n d Ä n d e r u n g e n

2 3 8 4 a T y p o s k r i p t d e r B e a r b e i t u n g e n d e r S e i t e n 7 7 b i s 9 3 v o n 2 2 0

2 3 9 4 a T y p o s k r i p t e i n e r b e a r b e i t e t e n F a s s u n g v o n 2 2 0

2 4 0 4 a T y p o s k r i p t a u s B r u c h s t ü c k e n v o n 2 2 1 , m i t Ä n d e r u n g e n

2 4 1 a 3 T y p o s k r i p t ( a ) , b a s i e r e n d a u f 1 2 9 .

2 4 1 b 3 T y p o s k r i p t ( b ) , b a s i e r e n d a u f 1 2 9

2 4 2 3 T y p o s k r i p t e i n i g e r S e i t e n z w i s c h e n S . 1 4 9 u n d 1 9 5 d e r s o g e n a n n t e n Z w i s c h e n f a s s u n g

d e r U n t e r s u c h u n g e n

2 4 3 3 T y p o s k r i p t e i n e s V o r w o r t s z u d e n U n t e r s u c h u n g e n

2 4 4 4 a T y p o s k r i p t e i n e s d o p p e l t e n T e i l s v o n 2 2 8 u n d 2 2 9

2 4 5 4 a T y p o s k r i p t , b e g i n n t m i t t e n i n d e r B e m e r k u n g 6 8 9 v o n 2 4 4 ,

u m f a s s t d e n R e s t v o n 2 4 4 s o w i e d a s G a n z e v o n 2 2 9

3 0 1 4 b D i k t a t a u f z e i c h n u n g e n v o n G E M o o r e , a n g e f e r t i g t i n N o r w e g e n , A p r i l 1 9 1 4

3 0 2 4 b S o g D i k t a t f ü r S c h l i c k

3 0 3 4 b S c h l i c k D i k t a t , A n f a n g s w o r t e " D i e n o r m a l e A u s d r u c k s w e i s e "

3 0 4 4 b S c h l i c k D i k t a t , A n f a n g s w o r t e " H a t e s S i n n z u s a g e n "

3 0 5 4 b S c h l i c k D i k t a t , A n f a n g s w o r t e " F r a g e n w i e d i e s e "

3 0 6 4 b S c h l i c k D i k t a t , A n f a n g s w o r t e " W a s b e d e u t e t e s d e n n "

3 0 9 4 b S o g B l a u e s B u c h

3 1 0 4 b S o g B r a u n e s B u c h

R e m a r k s o n i n d i v i d u a l i t e m s

Item 215c is not listed in von Wright's catalogue. It consists of two pages which earlier appearedbetween pp 23 and 24 of Item 213. The position of corresponding fragments in Item 212 hassuggested that these two pages ought to be reckoned as an additional essay in Item 215.

In von Wright's catalogue, Items 227a and 227b, 233a and 233b, and 241a and 241b, are listed assingle items; i.e. 227, 233 and 241, respectively. However, the carbon copies of these items weresufficiently different for us to find it best to include them as separate transcriptions.

Item 234 appears in von Wright's catalogue, but not in this edition. The simple reason for this isthat the typescript is lost, and no known copy exists.

We have not been able to include Items 307 and 308. These were believed to be in Cambridge,but were not found there. We learned about this only too late for us to locate them and includethem in this edition.





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R e m a r k s o n t h e f a c s i m i l e

The Bergen Electronic Edition includes full-colour facsimile images of each and every page orpage fragment of the Wittgenstein Nachlass, comprising 21,444 images. The images areinterlinked with the Normalized and Diplomatic transcriptions.

A few pages which were missing in previous releases (Volumes 1 and 2) of the edition have nowbeen added. These images are included in the folder p\rest\ on Image Disc 4b.

The facsimile of Item 140 was originally included on Disc 1 of the edition. A new and improved

facsimile, to which the transcriptions now refer, has been included on Disc 4b.In the copy of TS 209, such as it is preserved in Cambridge, a number of pages occur as duplicateor even triplicate Xerox copies. Facsimiles of the additional copies are not included here.

Unfortunately we have not been in the position to obtain color facsimiles of Items 105, 106, 107,112 and 113. These items are therefor included in black and white only.

We also regret that due to uncertainties about copyright, we have not been able to includefacismiles of Item 203 (57 pages).

Other than that, 68 pages and page fragments have been missed during the photographing or

scanning process. Fortunately, most of them are front or back covers, or other material with no orinsignificant text on them. However, 24 pages and page fragments with text have also beenmissed. (They have all been transcribed, as we have had access to the originals or other copies.)

Here is a full listing of facsimile images still missing (not including Item 203. FC=Front Cover,BC=Back Cover, *=text page):

Item Page Item Page Item Page

101 FC 142iv 183246102 FC BC v

103 FC 1431 * 201B26104 v 145FC 202iv105 FC 146FC 204i *

32 * 147FC 29 *33 * 148FC 211564 *BC 149FC 212766 *

106 FC 150FC 856 *





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153 * 151FC 863 *

154 * 152FC 213184b *BC 153a FC 2391

107 FC 153b FC 3023 *BC 154FC BC

112 FC 155FC 3031 *30v * 156a FC 3041 *31r * 156B FC 3051 *BC 15832r * 306FC

113 FC 179iii 3091 *100v * 183ii 310FC101r * ivBC 70 *

140 1 * 244141 FC 245

E d i t o r i a l m e t h o d s

The preparation of the two transcription formats - the so-called Diplomatic and Normalized texts- has required a number of significant editorial decisions. In brief the two formats aredifferentiated, not so much in terms of how much detail they convey, but rather in virtue of theirtextual perspectives.

The Diplomatic version aims to record not just the words, but also as much detail as possiblerelating to the visual appearance of the text. It acknowledges that our understanding of the textderives in no small part from the spatial arrangement of material on the page. It reproducesfeatures such as deleted words and letters, shorthand abbreviations, orthographic inconsistencies,rejected formulations, authorial instructions for the re-ordering of material, marginal comments,etc. Vertical and horizontal spacing has been reproduced as far as possible, with the exception

that line breaks do not in the general case coincide with those of the original. One of the principaluses of the Diplomatic text will be as an aid to reading the facsimile.

The Normalized version, on the other hand, presents the text in its thematic and semantic aspect.Deleted material is suppressed, unequivocal instructions for the reordering of material are carriedout, shorthand abbreviations are extended and orthography corrected and standardized. In therepresentation of substitutions care has been taken to provide for a grammatically well-formed





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text wherever possible. The result is a version which is easy to read and suitable for searching for

words and phrases.

D i p l o m a t i c a n d N o r m a l i z e d t r a n s c r i p t i o n s

The treatment of the most common textual features can be summarized as follows (for the presentation of these features in the Normalized and Diplomatic texts, see Key to editorialmark-up symbols):

T e x t u a l f e a t u r e D i p l o m a t i c N o r m a l i z e d

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _

d e l e t e d t e x t i n c l u d e d s u p p r e s s e d

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _

i n s e r t e d t e x t i n t e r l i n e a r ( a b o v e / t e x t i n c l u d e d , t e x t i n c l u d e d , n o

b e l o w l i n e ) p o s i t i o n i n d i c a t e d i n d i c a t i o n o f o r i g i n a l

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ p o s i t i o n o r m a r k i n g

a f f i r m a t i o n m a r k i n g i n d i c a t e d

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

i n m a r g i n t e x t i n c l u d e d ,

p o s i t i o n r e c o r d e d

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _

u n d e r l i n i n g s t r a i g h t i n d i c a t e d i n d i c a t e d

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

s p a c e d t y p e ( t y p e - i n d i c a t e d i n d i c a t e d

s c r i p t e q u i v a l e n t o f

s t r a i g h t u n d e r l i n i n g )

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

w a v y ( u s u a l l y i n d i c a t e d n o t i n d i c a t e d

i n d i c a t i v e o f

d o u b t )

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

b r o k e n ( t y p e - i n d i c a t e d n o t i n d i c a t e d

s c r i p t e q u i v a l e n t o f

w a v y u n d e r l i n i n g )

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _

n o n - s t a n d a r d a d l i t e r a m n o r m a l i z e d

o r t h o g r a p h y

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _





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a b b r e v i a t i o n s s t a n d a r d r e t a i n e d r e t a i n e d

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

n o n - s t a n d a r d a d l i t e r a m e x t e n d e d

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _

s u b s t i t u t i o n s d e c i d e d b o t h / a l l a l t e r n a t i v e s c h o s e n a l t e r n a t i v e o n l y

( s e e b e l o w ) i n c l u d e d i n c l u d e d

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

u n d e c i d e d b o t h / a l l a l t e r n a t i v e s b o t h / a l l a l t e r n a t i v e s

i n c l u d e d i n c l u d e d , l a s t a l t e r n a t i v e

i n m a i n t e x t , a l l o t h e r s h i d d e n

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _

e d i t o r i a l i n s t r u c t i o n s

i n c l u d e d s u p p r e s s e d

( b y W i t t g e n s t e i n )

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

_ _ _ _ _ _

P a g e s a n d P a g i n a t i o n

Each physical page has been given a ‘page-name’, which is used to refer to it in the Item List andelsewhere. The page-name is the common-sense designation for the page in question. Where the

page has been numbered by Wittgenstein, then the page-name is generally the same asWittgenstein’s page number. Where the original lacks pagination, the page-name is ascribedaccording to the standard librarian’s pagination system, whereby the first page of text is ‘1 recto’,the second ‘1 verso’, the third ‘2 recto’, and so on.

In the Diplomatic version, original pagination is also shown. Pagination by librarians, althoughfrequently visible on the facsimile, has generally not been transcribed.

Note that a number of the smaller typescript items do not begin at page 1. These are TSS 214b,214c, 215b, 221 and 246.

The transcription of MSS 105 and 106 follows the text sequence rather than the physicalsequence of pages, i.e. roughly speaking, first the recto pages, then the verso pages. (See above.)

The handling of the handwritten verso pages in the typescripts requires special mention. Thephenomenon is especially frequent in Items 202, 208, 213 and 233b, and also occurs in Items 220,238, 239, 241b, 301 and 310. In the Diplomatic text, the handwritten verso pages appear as





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independent pages. In the Normalized version the additional material is assimilated into the main

text according to the following method: where the target location for the additional material in thetext body is clear beyond reasonable doubt, then that material has been included at that location;where the target location is not clear, then the material has, in the majority of cases, been insertedimmediately after the first section close on the subsequent (parallel) recto page. Some deviationfrom this rule has been necessary where the handwritten text is continuous over more than oneverso page, or where an interruption between the original recto sections would seriously impaircomprehension.

P u n c t u a t i o n

Punctuation is generally authentic, in the Normalized as well as the Diplomatic text. The onlycases where the Normalized text adds or modifies punctuation are: 1. where a punctuation sign islacking at the end of a sentence; 2. where one of an implied pair of signs is missing, for example “”, ( ).

Spacing in conjunction with punctuation, which in the TSS varies conspicuously, has generallybeen standardized.

S u b s t i t u t i o n s

Substitutions, consisting of one or more alternative (and mutually exclusive) readings for a wordor phrase, have been classified as three different types: 1. decided substitutions in favour of thefirst alternative, 2. decided substitutions in favour of the last alternative, and 3. undecidedsubstitutions. Decided substitutions are cases where all except one of various alternativeformulations have been cancelled (usually by means of confirmation markings and deletions).Undecided substitutions are cases where more than one of the alternative formulations have been

left uncanceled.

In the Diplomatic text all alternative textual readings are included. Deleted alternatives areappropriately marked (see Key to editorial mark-up symbols) as is their place of insertion (above,below or in the line, or in the margin etc.).

In the Normalized text decided and undecided substitutions are handled differently. In the case of





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decided substitutions, only the single, uncanceled alternative is displayed, and there is no

indication of the underlying substitution. In the case of undecided substitutions all of thealternative formulations are available, but not necessarily displayed. In this edition, theNormalized text displays only the latest alternative when the view options are at their defaultsettings. The earlier formulations are contained as ‘hidden’ text. The fact that the default word orphrase is a substitution - and hence that other readings are hidden behind it - is indicated by theuse of black type in contrast to the standard blue.

C o d e d t e x t ( " G e h e i m s c h r i f t " )

Text written in Wittgenstein’s so-called secret code (Geheimschrift ) is transcribed ad literam inthe Diplomatic text but appears decoded (i.e. as standard script) in the Normalized version.

M a t h e m a t i c a l , l o g i c a l a n d o t h e r n o t a t i o n

Mathematical, logical and other special notation has been transcribed in two different ways.Where it was possible to represent the instance as a character string, then it has been transcribed

as such. Where the instance involves an element of significant spatial ordering (such as a table, ortwo equations whose analogous components are linked by lines), then it has been represented as abitmap.

Whether they have been transcribed or included as bitmaps, all occurences of non-alphabeticnotations have been marked and associated with special, searchable descriptors. These descriptorscan be found in the following searchable fileds: Mathematical, Logical, Set-Theoretical, Musicaland "Miscellaneous" Notation.

G r a p h i c s

Illustrations, diagrams and other features of particular graphical interest have been digitallyscanned and inserted as bitmaps. Deciding what qualifies as ‘graphics’ and what does not is oftendifficult. As with mathematical and logical notation, the decision to scan a particular feature has





P a g e 1 6

occasionally depended on whether or not it is possible to represent it as a character string.

Certain symbols for which font characters are available have nevertheless been scanned, when it isclear from the context (and hence important for the philosophical discussion) that Wittgensteinwishes us to focus on this particular occurence of the symbol, and not just any token of thatsymbol type.

Whether they have been transcribed or scanned and included as bitmaps, all occurences of graphics have been associated with special, searchable descriptors.

A d d i t i o n s a n d A m e n d m e n t s

The Nachlass contains a large number of additions and amendments to the original text. Some of these changes have been made by Wittgenstein himself during the initial phase of writing. Othershave probably been made by Wittgenstein, but at a much later stage. Yet other changes may havebeen made by others than Wittgenstein himself, with or without his authorization. Because of different coloring, writing utensils etc, it is mostly possible to decide which parts of a text havebeen added later. But it is often extremely difficult to decide who made the change and when.Therefore, we have limited ourselves in this edition to mark appropriately all parts of text which

have been added by a different hand, without distinguishing between the various cases.Text added by a different hand is printed in italics in both the Normalized and the Diplomatictranscription. Marks and numbers in the margins are not printed in italics or otherwise marked, asthey are in general always added by a later hand. Other amendments to the text, such asunderlining added by a later hand, have not been marked but rendered without special indicationof their status.

Concerning additions on handwritten verso pages in typescripts, see above.

L e g e n d

N o r m a l i z e d t r a n s c r i p t i o n

Red Editorial comments and marks





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Underlined Underlined with one or more straight solid lines or spaced type

Italics Additions and amendments in different handBold Links, following Wittgenstein’s instructions

Black The last of undecided alternatives, all others available as hidden text

... Unreadable text

Unreadable character

[Ill.] Blank space left open, probably intended for illustration/graphics

D i p l o m a t i c t r a n s c r i p t i o n

Red Editorial marks

Underlined Underlined with one or more straight solid lines

Grey Underlined with wavy, broken (dashed) or dotted line(s)

Strikeout Deleted

Bold Links, following Wittgenstein’s instructions

[a|A] [Overwritten|overwriting]

«Insertion» Inserted text above or below line

«↓Insertion» Marked insertion above line

«↑Insertion» Marked insertion below line

<> Insertion in line

⟨ ⟩ Insertion in margin

... Unreadable text

Unreadable character

background Text crossed through by vertical or diagonal line

[Ill.] Blank space left open, probably intended for illustration/graphics

;

text:

Text to be relocated, relocation indicated by arrow pointing left orupwards

= Starting point of arrow pointing left or upwards





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?

End point of arrow pointing left or upwards

9

text<

Text to be relocated, relocation indicated by arrow pointing right or downwards

@

Starting point of arrow pointing right or downwards

> End point of arrow pointing right or downwards

S e a r c h f e a t u r e s

A significant feature of most electronic editions is that one can search in them rapidly andefficiently for vocabulary and categorized terms.

Folio Views, which this edition uses for text presentation and retrieval, has powerful searchcapabilities. Not only does it allow you to search for words - both singly and in more or lesscomplex combinations - it also permits searching in special predefined information categories.

These categories are of two types, Fields and Groups. The range of Fields and Groups differs forthe Diplomatic and Normalized texts.

In the Diplomatic text, Fields include Coded Text, Cross Reference, Editorial Emendation,Dating, Graphics, Personal Name (both ad literam and in normalized form), Tables; the languagesEnglish, French and Latin; and Musical, Mathematical, Logical, Set-Theoretical and otherNotation.

In the Normalized text the Fields include all the above, except for Dating, and in addition EarliestEstimated Date, Substituendum and Substituens .

For both the Diplomatic and the Normalized texts, the searchable Groups consist of subgroups of Nachlass items. They include Bände, Manuscripts, Typescripts and Dictations.

In this publication searches can be made in two ways, either by using the standard Query optionor by means of search templates specially tailored to Wittgenstein’s Nachlass. These are to befound in the Search menu.

For detailed information on the various Fields and Groups and on how to use the Folio Views





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search facilities see the User Guide.

In Folio Views the basic search unit is called a record . In the Normalized format the records aredefined according to the thematic units corresponding to Wittgenstein’s sections (usually one ormore paragraphs between blank lines). In the Diplomatic format records correspond to physicalpages.

In the search results, Records With Hits means the number of Folio records in which the relevantsearch string occurs one or more times (i.e. not the number of actual occurrences).

Although the Table of Contents lists page numbers, for the Normalized version it contains onlythose pages on which records actually begin, and jumping from the Table of Contents to a

selected item will take you, not to the top of the page, but to the top of the next section. (Thereason for this is that records cannot cross the structural ‘level’ from which the Table of Contentsis compiled.)

On performing a search query the result is displayed in the Table of Contents askeyword-in-context quotes. Clicking on one of these quotes takes you to the relevant point in thefull text.

Certain search fields should be used with caution. The Notation and Graphics fields allow you tosearch only within descriptors with which each occurence of graphics and special notation has

been labeled. Moreover, the search menu only operates with standard alpha-numeric characters.This means that it is not possible to search directly for e.g. Greek letters or mathematical andlogical operators. Occurrences of mathematical and logical notation involving an element of significant spacial ordering have been prepared as bitmaps and are not accessible via the usualsearch facilities.

It should also be noted that searching within date ranges can give misleading results, and shouldbe used with caution. The Earliest Estimated Date field refers back either to the date at which it isestimated that Wittgenstein started work on the particular catalogue item, or to the last explicitdating within that item. Where only the year of composition is known for a particular item theearliest estimated date is taken to be 1 January of that year.

In the Normalized version a search in the date field causes the requested date to be displayed atthe end of each and every relevant section. The same search in the Diplomatic version causes thedate to be displayed only at the point where explicitly written by Wittgenstein.





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V o l u m e s , d i s c s a n d v e r s i o n s

Publication of this edition began in 1998, with the publication of the first part, known as Volume1. The publication of Volume 2 followed in 1999. Each volume consisted of an installation disccontaining transcriptions and other infobases; and an image disc, containing facsimiles. In otherwords, volumes partly supplement and partly supersede each other.

The installation disc of Volume 2 contained not only additional versions of transcriptions andother infobases, but also updated and corrected versions of texts already published with Volume1. The publication was planned to continue in the same fashion for Volume 3, and finally for

Volume 4, which was to contain two image discs.

However, because of delays with Volume 3, we decided to publish volumes 3 and 4 together.This means that the last batch of this publication consists of one installation disc and three imagediscs. Thus, subscribers to the edition who have received the last installation disc (the fact thatyou are reading this text is indication that you have) and image discs 1 through 5, have receivedthe entire publication.

A number of changes have been made to the edition since the publication of volumes 1 and 2.

The Normalized and Diplomatic transcriptions and the Item List have been updated. Additional

texts have been added, and typos and other errors in volumes 1 and 2 the have been corrected.Layout and search facilites have been improved.

This Introduction and the User Guide text have been updated accordingly.

A c k n o w l e d g e m e n t s

The work at the Wittgenstein Archives is made possible through an understanding with theTrustees of the copyright in the Wittgenstein Papers, Prof. G.E.M. Anscombe (Cambridge),

Nicholas Denyer (Cambridge), P.M.S. Hacker (Oxford), Sir Anthony Kenny (Oxford), JoachimSchulte (Bologna), the late Prof. Peter Winch (Urbana-Champaign, Illinois), and Prof. GeorgHenrik von Wright (Helsinki). We thank the Trustees for their permission to publishWittgenstein’s Nachlass here.

We are deeply indebted to the following libraries and their personnel for copies from theirholdings of Wittgenstein’s Nachlass and for permission to publish from them: Dr David





P a g e 2 1

McKitterick of Trinity College Library, and the Master and Fellows of Trinity College Cambridge;

Dr Eva Irblich of the Austrian National Library, Vienna; Carl Spadoni of the Bertrand RussellArchives at McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario; Mary Clapinson of the Bodleian Library,Oxford. We are also deeply indepted to Dr. Johannes Koder (Vienna) for copies of theWittgenstein's Nachlass papers which were recently found in the Nachlass of Rudolf andElisabeth Koder, and to the Brenner Archives at the University of Innsbruck for their assistence inphotographing the material.

The Wittgenstein Archives inherited transcriptions and invaluable experience from its predecessor,the Norwegian Wittgenstein Project (Huitfeldt and Rossvær 1989). Our thanks go to the manypeople who worked on that project over the years.

We are grateful to the University of Bergen for financial and technical support. Further generousfunding was provided by the Meltzer Foundation, the Nansen Foundation and the NorwegianResearch Council, to whom we express our gratitude.

Oxford University Press and the Wittgenstein Archives would like to give particular thanks to thefollowing for their help in the testing and development: Dr Michael Biggs, University of Hertfordshire; Dr Hans-Johann Glock, University of Reading, GB; Prof. Laurence Goldstein,Hong Kong University, Hong Kong; Dr P.M.S. Hacker, St Johns College, Oxford; Prof. HerbertHrachovec and Enzo De Pellegrin, Universität Wien; Prof. Masahiro Oku, Osaka University,Japan; Dr Mark Rooks, InteLex Corporation, USA; Dr David G. Stern, University of Iowa, USA.

The project is grateful to the HIT Centre at the University of Bergen (formerly the NorwegianComputing Centre for the Humanities) for administrative support and in particular to Espen S.Ore and Øystein Reigem for vital technical assistance.

The Wittgenstein Archives at the University of Bergen would also like to thank its numerousguest researchers, who have, over the years, contributed invaluable suggestions. They too haveshown faith in this endeavor by visiting Bergen from around the world in order to consult theproduct at every stage of its development.

In particular, we would like to thank the following guest researchers: Michael Biggs, for help withthe graphical parts of the Nachlass, Laurence Goldstein and William T. Boos, for help withmathematical and logical notation, and Josef G.F. Rothhaupt, for advice concerning the design of the registration standard.

While the abovementioned persons and institutions have all generously shared with us of theirexperience and knowledge, without which this edition would no doubt have been a much poorer





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one, all remaining errors and shortcomings are entirely our responsibility.

Finally, about ourselves --

Oxford University Press:

John Campbell, Sarah Ryan, Software Editors

The Wittgenstein Archives at the University of Bergen:

Claus Huitfeldt, Project Director. Franz Hespe was Acting Director of the Wittgenstein Archives1997-1998, Espen S. Ore in 1995, and Ole Letnes in 1992.

A number of persons have worked at the Wittgenstein Archives over the years, as transcribers andproofreaders, and in other capacities necessary to the completion of this publication. Peter Cripps,Franz Hespe, Wilhelm Krüger, Ole Letnes, Alois Pichler, Angela Requate and Maria Sollohub allworked at the Archives for several years, and thus became quite central to the operations of theproject. The following persons also worked for the project: Christiane Blume, William T. Boos,Astrid Castell, Rasa Davidaviciene, Sascha Djuric, Jürgen Gercken, Dinda L. Gorlee, ØysteinHide, Kjetil Johnsen, Frank Meyer, Espen S. Ore, Peter Philipp, Yngve Simmenes, Ilse Somavilla,Romuald Süßmann, Karl-Emil Sødergren, Odin Thorbjørnsen, Kyrre Trohjell, Eirik Vassenden,Cato Wittusen, and Knut Olav Åmås.

H o w t o c o n t a c t u s

If you need help using this CD-ROM, please telephone Customer Service at Oxford UniversityPress on +44 (0) 1865 267979. Alternatively you may Fax on +44 (0) 1865 267990, or email [email protected].

For further information about the Wittgenstein Archives at the University of Bergen, please writeto:

The HIT Centre,

The University of Bergen,Allégaten 27,N-5007 Bergen,Norway

or email: [email protected]





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or look us up on the WorldWideWeb: http://www.hit.uib.no/wab/

B i b l i o g r a p h y

Biggs, Michael and Pichler, Alois (1993) Wittgenstein: Two Source Catalogues and a

Bibliography. Catalogues of the Published Texts and of the Published Diagrams, each related to

its Sources. Bergen: Working Papers from the Wittgenstein Archives at the University of Bergen,7.

Huitfeldt, Claus and Rossvær, Viggo (1989) The Norwegian Wittgenstein Project Report 1988.

Bergen: The Norwegian Computing Centre for the Humanities.

Huitfeldt, Claus (1994) ‘Towards a Machine-Readable Version of Wittgenstein’s Nachlass. SomeEditorial Problems’ In: Philosophische Editionen. Erwartungen an sie - Wirkungen durch sie

Pp.37-43 Hg. von Hans Gerhard Senger. Beihefte zu Editio 6. Hg. von Winfred Woesler.

Huitfeldt, Claus (1994) ‘Computerizing Wittgenstein - The Wittgenstein Archives at theUniversity of Bergen’ In: Kjell S. Johannessen, Rolf Larsen and Knut Olav Åmås (eds.),Wittgenstein and Norway, Solum, Oslo, 1994, pp. 275-294.1

Kenny, Anthony (1976) ‘From the “Big Typescript” to the “Philosophical Investigations”’ In:

Acta Philosophica Fennica 28, pp. 41-53. (Also published in The Legacy of Wittgenstein, BasilBlackwell, Oxford 1984.)

Koder, Johannes (1993) ‘Verzeichnis der Schriften Ludwig Wittgensteins im Nachlass Rudolf undElisabeth Koder’ In: Mitteilungen aus dem Brenner Archiv 12, S. 52-54 (Innsbruck).

Krüger, H.W. (1993) ‘Die Entstehung des Big Typescript ’ In: Proceedings of the 15th

International Wittgenstein Symposium, Vienna.

Monk, Ray (1990) Ludwig Wittgenstein. The Duty of Genius London: J. Cape

Nedo, M. and Ranchetti, M. (1983) Ludwig Wittgenstein. Sein Leben in Bildern und Texten.Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.

Pichler, Alois (1994) Untersuchungen zu Wittgensteins Nachlaß . Bergen: Working Papers fromthe Wittgenstein Archives at the University of Bergen, 8.

Stern, David G. (1996) ‘The Availability of Wittgenstein’s Writings’ In: Sluga, Hans and Stern,David G. (eds.) The Cambridge Companion to Wittgenstein. New York: Cambridge University





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Press, pp. 442-476.

von Wright, Georg Henrik (1982) Wittgenstein. Oxford: Basil Blackwell.

von Wright, Georg Henrik (1986) Wittgenstein, übersetzt von . Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.

The Wittgenstein Papers, Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Libraries (1968).

The Wittgenstein Archives at the University of Bergen: Project Report 1990-1993 and Critical

Evaluation. (1995) Bergen: Working Papers from the Wittgenstein Archives at the University of Bergen, 9.

Documents

Wittgenstein Nachlass Introduction