Wireless Power Trans Ppt

Wireless power transmission

Presented byDevasmita Mishra1005231013EC 3rd yrIET Lko

04/11/2023 Wireless Power Transmission 2

What is WPT?The transmission of energy from

source to electrical load without using man made conductors.

Conventional energy transfer is using wires

It is generally used where laying of wires is hazardous,inconvinient or impossible


Why not wires? As per studies, most electrical

energy transfer is through wires. Most of the energy loss is during

transmission• On an average, more than 30%• In India, it exceeds 40%


Why WPT?

ReliableEfficientFastLow maintenance costCan be used for short-range or long-range.


Energy CouplingThe transfer of energy can take

place through inductive coupling.Simplest Wireless Energy

coupling is a transformer


Types and Technologies of WPTNear-field techniques

Inductive CouplingResonant Inductive CouplingAir Ionization

Far-field techniquesMicrowave Power Transmission

(MPT)LASER power transmission


Near fieldElectric field produced by charge

distribution has a different character than those produced by changing magnetic fields.

In regions very close to current & charge separation, EM field is dominated by electric & magnetic components produced directly by current & charge separation.


Far fieldIn regions far away from

conductor ,EM fields is dominated by electric & magnetic field produced by change in other types of fields.

It is the common electromagnetic radiation phenomenon.

Far field region is not affected by changes in current & voltage at EM source.


Inductive coupling Change in current through one

wire induces a voltage across the ends of the other wire through electromagnetic induction.

Amount of inductive coupling is measured through mutual inductance


Resonance Inductive Coupling(RIC)Combination of inductive coupling and

resonanceResonance transfer works by making a coil

ring with oscillating current.When a second coil is brought near it ,the coil

can pick up a large amount of energy from it.


RIC vs. inductive couplingRIC is highly efficientRIC has much greater range than

inductive couplingRIC is directional when compared

to inductive couplingRIC can be one-to-many. But

usually inductive coupling is one-to-one

Devices using RIC technique are highly portable


Air IonizationToughest technique

under near-field energy transfer techniques

Air ionizes only when there is a high field

Needed field is 2.11MV/m

Natural example: Lightening

Not feasible for practical implementation


Advantages of near-field techniquesNo wiresNo e-wasteNeed for battery is

eliminatedEfficient energy

transfer using RICHarmless, if field

strengths under safety levels

Maintenance cost is less


DisadvantagesDistance constraintField strengths have to be under

safety levelsInitial cost is highIn RIC, tuning is difficultHigh frequency signals must be

the supplied.Air ionization technique is not

feasible


Microwave Power Transfer(MPT)Transfers high power from one

place to another. Two places being in line of sight usually

Steps:◦Electrical energy to microwave

energy◦Capturing microwaves using

rectenna◦Microwave energy to electrical

energy


RectennaStands for rectifying antennaConsists of mesh of dipoles and

diodesUsually multi-element phased

arrayMicrowaves are received with

almost 85% efficiency.


Rectenna in USRectenna in US receives 5000MW

of power from Solar power satellites.

It is about one and a half mile long


LASER transmissionUsed for radiations closer to visible

regions (10s um to 10s nm)Power can be transmitted by

converting electricity into a laser beam that is then pointed on a cell receiver.

This method is generally known as power beaming


Advantages of LASERCollimated monochromatic wave

front propagation allows narrow beam cross-section area for energy transmission over large ranges.

Compact size of solid state lasers-photovoltaic semiconductor diodes fit into small products.

No radio-frequency interference to existing radio communication such as Wi-Fi and cell phones.

Control of access; only receivers illuminated by the laser receive power.


Disadvantages of LASERLaser radiation is hazardous, even at low power

levels it can blind people and animals, and at high power levels it can kill through localized spot heating

Conversion to light, such as with a laser, is inefficient

Conversion back into electricity is inefficient, with photovoltaic cells achieving 40%–50% efficiency. (Note that conversion efficiency is rather higher with monochromatic light than with insolation of solar panels).

Atmospheric absorption, and absorption and scattering by clouds, fog, rain, etc., causes losses, which can be as high as 100% loss


Advantages of far-field energy transferEfficientEasyNeed for grids, substations etc

are eliminatedLow maintenance costMore effective when the

transmitting and receiving points are along a line-of-sight

Can reach the places which are remote


Disadvantages of far-field energy transferNeeds line-of-sightInitial cost is highWhen LASERs are used,

◦conversion is inefficient◦Absorption loss is high

When microwaves are used, ◦interference may arise


ApplicationsNear-field energy transfer

◦ Electric automobile charging Static and moving

◦ Consumer electronics◦ Industrial purposes

Harsh environment

Far-field energy transfer◦ Solar Power Satellites◦ Energy to remote areas◦ Can broadcast energy globally (in future)


ConclusionTransmission without wires- a realityEfficientLow maintenance cost. But, high initial

costBetter than conventional wired

transferEnergy crisis can be decreasedLow loss In near future, world will be

completely wireless


References S. Sheik Mohammed, K. Ramasamy, T. Shanmuganantham,”

Wireless power transmission – a next generation power transmission system”, International Journal of Computer Applications (0975 – 8887) (Volume 1 – No. 13)

Peter Vaessen,” Wireless Power Transmission”, Leonardo Energy, September 2009

C.C. Leung, T.P. Chan, K.C. Lit, K.W. Tam and Lee Yi Chow, “Wireless Power Transmission and Charging Pad”

David Schneider, “Electrons unplugged”, IEEE Spectrum, May 2010

Shahrzad Jalali Mazlouman, Alireza Mahanfar, Bozena Kaminska, “Mid-range Wireless Energy Transfer Using Inductive Resonance for Wireless Sensors”

Chunbo Zhu, Kai Liu, Chunlai Yu, Rui Ma, Hexiao Cheng, “Simulation and Experimental Analysis on Wireless Energy Transfer Based on Magnetic Resonances”, IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference (VPPC), September 3-5, 2008


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Wireless Power Trans Ppt