61
1 Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z K. Dane Snowden VP, External & State Affairs Wireless U Presentation San Francisco, CA 7 October 2010

Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

  • Upload
    hatruc

  • View
    230

  • Download
    9

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

1

Wireless 101

Understanding the Basics from A-Z

K Dane Snowden

VP External amp State Affairs

Wireless U Presentation

San Francisco CA

7 October 2010

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

CHAPTER 1Wireless 101 Putting the Pieces Together

2

Handset

Handset

Wireless 101 Handsets Devices amp Morehellip

bullHistory of Innovation

ndash ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

ndash Whorsquos Who

ndash Whatrsquos Inside

bullConvergence

ndash Healthcare

ndash Education

ndash Mobile Usage Snapshot

ndash Minorities Lead the Way

3

Def Convergence the concept of convergence originates where the hard-wired broadband

network meets the mobile phone It is one device that can provide you mobility internet

television location-based services music camera and a host of other functions besides being

your phone (See Glossary Pg 13)

4

Handsets Whatrsquos Inside

bull Antenna and Signal Amplifiers

bull Battery

bull Circuit Board with Microprocessors (ldquoChipsrdquo)

bullDigital Signal Processor

bullFlash (Internal) or SIM (External) Memory

bullGPS (Location)

bull Display

bull Key Board Touch Screen

bull Microphone Speaker

Handsets Cycle of Innovation

5

Def OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer produces the hardware of the device (see Glossary pg 15)

Def Open Internet The ability of end users to access and content producers to distribute information over

specific applications devices services and networks (See Glossary pg 25)

Def Operating System As of August 2010 there are 10 wireless operating system platforms (See

Glossary pg 17)

6

Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA

Voice Only

Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or

Early InternetVoice + Text + Camera or

Wireless Internet Only

1G 3G

Handsets Convergence

7

8

Handsets Factoid

Source CTIA (July 2010)

8

bull At least 33 companies

manufacture more than 630

unique devices for the

US market ndash more devices

than in any other country in

the world

bull At the end of 2009 83 of

devices operating on wireless

networks were capable of

web-browsing including

49 Million Smartphones and

wireless-enabled PDAs and 11

Million Wireless-enabled

Laptops and Wireless modems

Source Qualcomm Rob Atkinson ITIF

Handsets Healthcare

9

10

Handsets Education

bull Accessibility

bull Books Reading Comprehension

bull Distance Learning

bull Math Science

bull Information Reference

bull Quiz Testing

11

Source ComScore (March 2010)

Handsets Data Usage Factoid Minorities Lead The Way

0

10

20

30

40

50

White Native

American

Black Asian Hispanic

Percentage Accessing Data via Mobile Browsers

2007

2008

2009

2010

CHAPTER 2Wireless 101 Spectrum

bull What is Spectrum

ndash The Fuel of Innovation

ndash Spectrum Map

bull Licensing amp Auctions

ndash The Spectrum Squeeze

ndash The National Broadband Plan

bull The Many Users

12

Spectrum

Def Spectrum a range of radio waves used for communications (See

Glossary Pg 21)

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC

Spectrum Making the Connection

13

Handset

Spectrum Wireless Networkrsquos Oxygen

14

Spectrum Factoid The Fuel of Innovation

15

Spectrum Licensing amp Auctions

bull Licensing prevents everyone using same frequencies at the same

time (ldquoInterferencerdquo)

bull How are Licenses Obtained

ndash Broadcast (TVRadio) were FREE

ndash Wireless (CMRS) are auctioned by FCCbull Revenue of Last 2 Commercial Wireless Auctions = $33 B

16

Def Auctions FCC method to distribute commercial wireless licenses (See Glossary pg 23)

Spectrum

17

Facilities-Based Providers

Wireless Carriers (National Regional Local)

Non-Facilities-Based Providers

Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)

Unlicensed Users

Hot Spots (Home Retail Commercial)

Other Spectrum Users

Broadcasters Satellite Defense Public Safety

Spectrum The Many Users

Spectrum Factoid Whorsquos Using It

18

Source CTIA

Government

61

Wireless

9

Unlicensed

amp

Broadcast

TV and

Radio

30

Spectrum Use amp Users

The US Government uses a majority of the available radio spectrum

between 174 MHz and 42 GHz

Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze

19

Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009

660

198

105

314350

217

Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor

20

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Data Apps

21

Skyrocketing Apps

bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)

bull Downloads 6 Billion

Apps for Everything

bull Books

bull Business amp Productivity

bull Education

bull Entertainment

bull Finance

bull Games

bull Gov 20

bull Healthcare amp Fitness

bull Music

bull Navigation

bull News

bull Social Networking

bull Sports

Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices

(See Glossary pg 13)

CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces

bull Analog v Digital

bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The

Evolution of Network Capabilities

bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless

Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans

22

Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See

Glossary pg 16)

Air Interface

23

Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital

24

Understanding Air Interfaces

1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010

AMPS

TDMA

GSM

CDMA

CDPD

GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA

1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C

WiFi WiMAX

(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)

DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps

1G 2G 3G 4G

GSM

CDMA

HSPA +

DL 28 Mbps

HSUPA

DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps

(IS-136)

iDEN

(UMTS)

25G

Global Systems for Mobile Communications

(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile

Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing

(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire

DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps

OFDM

DL 192 Kbps

LTE

DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps

(80211)

DL 10-20Mbps

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular

South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon

Wireless

Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)

Original Cell Phone Licensees

Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally

25

Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF

-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps

-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps

Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence

26

Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health

2727

1G 2G

VOICE

SHORT

MESSAGE

SERVICE

(SMS)

E-MAIL

GPS-BASED

SERVICES

Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of

Network Capabilities

4G25G 3G

TAKE AND SEND

PICTURES

WEB-BROWSING

MOBILE GAMES

STREAMING

VIDEO RADIO

MOBILE APP

STORES

ADVANCED

GAMING

TELEMEDICINE

(IMAGING AND

MONITORING)

SIGNIFICANTLY

ADVANCED

SPEEDS FOR ALL

MOBILE

APPLICATIONS

28

Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung

Voice Only

Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or

Early Internet

Voice + Text + Camera or

Wireless Internet Only

Internet SocNets Apps

Music Games Video and

Wireless Broadband services Gov 20

public safety mLearning Etc

Voice + Text

Text + Voice or

Wired Internet or Wi-Fi

1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G

29

High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid

Wireless Network Rollout by County

bull 981 of the US population (gt2797

million) lived in census blocks with one or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 895 of the US population (gt2551

million) lived in census blocks with two or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 761 of the US population (gt2170

million) lived in census blocks with three or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 58 of the US population (gt1653

million) lived in census blocks with four or

more mobile broadband providers

According to the FCC as of November 2008

Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report

Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband

30

WiMax Attributes

bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of

for last 100 ft for last mile

bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles

bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9

Mbs)

bull Available Today

LTE Attributes

bullSimilar to WiMax

bullFaster download upload and lower

latency under most conditions

bullWorldwide roaming

bullExpected Deployment 2011

Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband

speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )

Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary

pg 3)

Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)

31

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Air Interface LTE Coverage Map

32

TBD

In Trials

Carriers Announcing LTE

Commitments

bull ATampT

bull Cox Communications

bull T-Mobile

bull US Cellular

bull Verizon Wireless

Data Cloud Computing

33

Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where

resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)

CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network

bull Cell Site

ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks

bull Handoff

bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

ndash Case Study Smart Grid

ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)

bull Continuous Investment

34

When you physically move from

one point to another the signal

strength of transmissions back to

the cell sitersquos tower begins to

decline

The cell site equipment notifies a

computer called the Mobile

Switching Center (MSC) that the

signal is getting weaker

The MSC then orchestrates the

passing of the call from one cell site

to another

Def Handoff

35

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

36

Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching

center (See Glossary pg 9)

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 2: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

CHAPTER 1Wireless 101 Putting the Pieces Together

2

Handset

Handset

Wireless 101 Handsets Devices amp Morehellip

bullHistory of Innovation

ndash ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

ndash Whorsquos Who

ndash Whatrsquos Inside

bullConvergence

ndash Healthcare

ndash Education

ndash Mobile Usage Snapshot

ndash Minorities Lead the Way

3

Def Convergence the concept of convergence originates where the hard-wired broadband

network meets the mobile phone It is one device that can provide you mobility internet

television location-based services music camera and a host of other functions besides being

your phone (See Glossary Pg 13)

4

Handsets Whatrsquos Inside

bull Antenna and Signal Amplifiers

bull Battery

bull Circuit Board with Microprocessors (ldquoChipsrdquo)

bullDigital Signal Processor

bullFlash (Internal) or SIM (External) Memory

bullGPS (Location)

bull Display

bull Key Board Touch Screen

bull Microphone Speaker

Handsets Cycle of Innovation

5

Def OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer produces the hardware of the device (see Glossary pg 15)

Def Open Internet The ability of end users to access and content producers to distribute information over

specific applications devices services and networks (See Glossary pg 25)

Def Operating System As of August 2010 there are 10 wireless operating system platforms (See

Glossary pg 17)

6

Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA

Voice Only

Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or

Early InternetVoice + Text + Camera or

Wireless Internet Only

1G 3G

Handsets Convergence

7

8

Handsets Factoid

Source CTIA (July 2010)

8

bull At least 33 companies

manufacture more than 630

unique devices for the

US market ndash more devices

than in any other country in

the world

bull At the end of 2009 83 of

devices operating on wireless

networks were capable of

web-browsing including

49 Million Smartphones and

wireless-enabled PDAs and 11

Million Wireless-enabled

Laptops and Wireless modems

Source Qualcomm Rob Atkinson ITIF

Handsets Healthcare

9

10

Handsets Education

bull Accessibility

bull Books Reading Comprehension

bull Distance Learning

bull Math Science

bull Information Reference

bull Quiz Testing

11

Source ComScore (March 2010)

Handsets Data Usage Factoid Minorities Lead The Way

0

10

20

30

40

50

White Native

American

Black Asian Hispanic

Percentage Accessing Data via Mobile Browsers

2007

2008

2009

2010

CHAPTER 2Wireless 101 Spectrum

bull What is Spectrum

ndash The Fuel of Innovation

ndash Spectrum Map

bull Licensing amp Auctions

ndash The Spectrum Squeeze

ndash The National Broadband Plan

bull The Many Users

12

Spectrum

Def Spectrum a range of radio waves used for communications (See

Glossary Pg 21)

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC

Spectrum Making the Connection

13

Handset

Spectrum Wireless Networkrsquos Oxygen

14

Spectrum Factoid The Fuel of Innovation

15

Spectrum Licensing amp Auctions

bull Licensing prevents everyone using same frequencies at the same

time (ldquoInterferencerdquo)

bull How are Licenses Obtained

ndash Broadcast (TVRadio) were FREE

ndash Wireless (CMRS) are auctioned by FCCbull Revenue of Last 2 Commercial Wireless Auctions = $33 B

16

Def Auctions FCC method to distribute commercial wireless licenses (See Glossary pg 23)

Spectrum

17

Facilities-Based Providers

Wireless Carriers (National Regional Local)

Non-Facilities-Based Providers

Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)

Unlicensed Users

Hot Spots (Home Retail Commercial)

Other Spectrum Users

Broadcasters Satellite Defense Public Safety

Spectrum The Many Users

Spectrum Factoid Whorsquos Using It

18

Source CTIA

Government

61

Wireless

9

Unlicensed

amp

Broadcast

TV and

Radio

30

Spectrum Use amp Users

The US Government uses a majority of the available radio spectrum

between 174 MHz and 42 GHz

Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze

19

Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009

660

198

105

314350

217

Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor

20

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Data Apps

21

Skyrocketing Apps

bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)

bull Downloads 6 Billion

Apps for Everything

bull Books

bull Business amp Productivity

bull Education

bull Entertainment

bull Finance

bull Games

bull Gov 20

bull Healthcare amp Fitness

bull Music

bull Navigation

bull News

bull Social Networking

bull Sports

Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices

(See Glossary pg 13)

CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces

bull Analog v Digital

bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The

Evolution of Network Capabilities

bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless

Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans

22

Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See

Glossary pg 16)

Air Interface

23

Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital

24

Understanding Air Interfaces

1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010

AMPS

TDMA

GSM

CDMA

CDPD

GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA

1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C

WiFi WiMAX

(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)

DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps

1G 2G 3G 4G

GSM

CDMA

HSPA +

DL 28 Mbps

HSUPA

DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps

(IS-136)

iDEN

(UMTS)

25G

Global Systems for Mobile Communications

(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile

Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing

(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire

DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps

OFDM

DL 192 Kbps

LTE

DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps

(80211)

DL 10-20Mbps

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular

South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon

Wireless

Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)

Original Cell Phone Licensees

Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally

25

Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF

-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps

-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps

Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence

26

Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health

2727

1G 2G

VOICE

SHORT

MESSAGE

SERVICE

(SMS)

E-MAIL

GPS-BASED

SERVICES

Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of

Network Capabilities

4G25G 3G

TAKE AND SEND

PICTURES

WEB-BROWSING

MOBILE GAMES

STREAMING

VIDEO RADIO

MOBILE APP

STORES

ADVANCED

GAMING

TELEMEDICINE

(IMAGING AND

MONITORING)

SIGNIFICANTLY

ADVANCED

SPEEDS FOR ALL

MOBILE

APPLICATIONS

28

Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung

Voice Only

Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or

Early Internet

Voice + Text + Camera or

Wireless Internet Only

Internet SocNets Apps

Music Games Video and

Wireless Broadband services Gov 20

public safety mLearning Etc

Voice + Text

Text + Voice or

Wired Internet or Wi-Fi

1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G

29

High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid

Wireless Network Rollout by County

bull 981 of the US population (gt2797

million) lived in census blocks with one or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 895 of the US population (gt2551

million) lived in census blocks with two or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 761 of the US population (gt2170

million) lived in census blocks with three or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 58 of the US population (gt1653

million) lived in census blocks with four or

more mobile broadband providers

According to the FCC as of November 2008

Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report

Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband

30

WiMax Attributes

bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of

for last 100 ft for last mile

bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles

bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9

Mbs)

bull Available Today

LTE Attributes

bullSimilar to WiMax

bullFaster download upload and lower

latency under most conditions

bullWorldwide roaming

bullExpected Deployment 2011

Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband

speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )

Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary

pg 3)

Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)

31

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Air Interface LTE Coverage Map

32

TBD

In Trials

Carriers Announcing LTE

Commitments

bull ATampT

bull Cox Communications

bull T-Mobile

bull US Cellular

bull Verizon Wireless

Data Cloud Computing

33

Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where

resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)

CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network

bull Cell Site

ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks

bull Handoff

bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

ndash Case Study Smart Grid

ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)

bull Continuous Investment

34

When you physically move from

one point to another the signal

strength of transmissions back to

the cell sitersquos tower begins to

decline

The cell site equipment notifies a

computer called the Mobile

Switching Center (MSC) that the

signal is getting weaker

The MSC then orchestrates the

passing of the call from one cell site

to another

Def Handoff

35

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

36

Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching

center (See Glossary pg 9)

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 3: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

Wireless 101 Handsets Devices amp Morehellip

bullHistory of Innovation

ndash ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

ndash Whorsquos Who

ndash Whatrsquos Inside

bullConvergence

ndash Healthcare

ndash Education

ndash Mobile Usage Snapshot

ndash Minorities Lead the Way

3

Def Convergence the concept of convergence originates where the hard-wired broadband

network meets the mobile phone It is one device that can provide you mobility internet

television location-based services music camera and a host of other functions besides being

your phone (See Glossary Pg 13)

4

Handsets Whatrsquos Inside

bull Antenna and Signal Amplifiers

bull Battery

bull Circuit Board with Microprocessors (ldquoChipsrdquo)

bullDigital Signal Processor

bullFlash (Internal) or SIM (External) Memory

bullGPS (Location)

bull Display

bull Key Board Touch Screen

bull Microphone Speaker

Handsets Cycle of Innovation

5

Def OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer produces the hardware of the device (see Glossary pg 15)

Def Open Internet The ability of end users to access and content producers to distribute information over

specific applications devices services and networks (See Glossary pg 25)

Def Operating System As of August 2010 there are 10 wireless operating system platforms (See

Glossary pg 17)

6

Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA

Voice Only

Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or

Early InternetVoice + Text + Camera or

Wireless Internet Only

1G 3G

Handsets Convergence

7

8

Handsets Factoid

Source CTIA (July 2010)

8

bull At least 33 companies

manufacture more than 630

unique devices for the

US market ndash more devices

than in any other country in

the world

bull At the end of 2009 83 of

devices operating on wireless

networks were capable of

web-browsing including

49 Million Smartphones and

wireless-enabled PDAs and 11

Million Wireless-enabled

Laptops and Wireless modems

Source Qualcomm Rob Atkinson ITIF

Handsets Healthcare

9

10

Handsets Education

bull Accessibility

bull Books Reading Comprehension

bull Distance Learning

bull Math Science

bull Information Reference

bull Quiz Testing

11

Source ComScore (March 2010)

Handsets Data Usage Factoid Minorities Lead The Way

0

10

20

30

40

50

White Native

American

Black Asian Hispanic

Percentage Accessing Data via Mobile Browsers

2007

2008

2009

2010

CHAPTER 2Wireless 101 Spectrum

bull What is Spectrum

ndash The Fuel of Innovation

ndash Spectrum Map

bull Licensing amp Auctions

ndash The Spectrum Squeeze

ndash The National Broadband Plan

bull The Many Users

12

Spectrum

Def Spectrum a range of radio waves used for communications (See

Glossary Pg 21)

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC

Spectrum Making the Connection

13

Handset

Spectrum Wireless Networkrsquos Oxygen

14

Spectrum Factoid The Fuel of Innovation

15

Spectrum Licensing amp Auctions

bull Licensing prevents everyone using same frequencies at the same

time (ldquoInterferencerdquo)

bull How are Licenses Obtained

ndash Broadcast (TVRadio) were FREE

ndash Wireless (CMRS) are auctioned by FCCbull Revenue of Last 2 Commercial Wireless Auctions = $33 B

16

Def Auctions FCC method to distribute commercial wireless licenses (See Glossary pg 23)

Spectrum

17

Facilities-Based Providers

Wireless Carriers (National Regional Local)

Non-Facilities-Based Providers

Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)

Unlicensed Users

Hot Spots (Home Retail Commercial)

Other Spectrum Users

Broadcasters Satellite Defense Public Safety

Spectrum The Many Users

Spectrum Factoid Whorsquos Using It

18

Source CTIA

Government

61

Wireless

9

Unlicensed

amp

Broadcast

TV and

Radio

30

Spectrum Use amp Users

The US Government uses a majority of the available radio spectrum

between 174 MHz and 42 GHz

Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze

19

Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009

660

198

105

314350

217

Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor

20

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Data Apps

21

Skyrocketing Apps

bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)

bull Downloads 6 Billion

Apps for Everything

bull Books

bull Business amp Productivity

bull Education

bull Entertainment

bull Finance

bull Games

bull Gov 20

bull Healthcare amp Fitness

bull Music

bull Navigation

bull News

bull Social Networking

bull Sports

Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices

(See Glossary pg 13)

CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces

bull Analog v Digital

bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The

Evolution of Network Capabilities

bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless

Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans

22

Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See

Glossary pg 16)

Air Interface

23

Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital

24

Understanding Air Interfaces

1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010

AMPS

TDMA

GSM

CDMA

CDPD

GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA

1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C

WiFi WiMAX

(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)

DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps

1G 2G 3G 4G

GSM

CDMA

HSPA +

DL 28 Mbps

HSUPA

DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps

(IS-136)

iDEN

(UMTS)

25G

Global Systems for Mobile Communications

(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile

Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing

(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire

DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps

OFDM

DL 192 Kbps

LTE

DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps

(80211)

DL 10-20Mbps

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular

South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon

Wireless

Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)

Original Cell Phone Licensees

Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally

25

Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF

-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps

-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps

Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence

26

Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health

2727

1G 2G

VOICE

SHORT

MESSAGE

SERVICE

(SMS)

E-MAIL

GPS-BASED

SERVICES

Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of

Network Capabilities

4G25G 3G

TAKE AND SEND

PICTURES

WEB-BROWSING

MOBILE GAMES

STREAMING

VIDEO RADIO

MOBILE APP

STORES

ADVANCED

GAMING

TELEMEDICINE

(IMAGING AND

MONITORING)

SIGNIFICANTLY

ADVANCED

SPEEDS FOR ALL

MOBILE

APPLICATIONS

28

Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung

Voice Only

Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or

Early Internet

Voice + Text + Camera or

Wireless Internet Only

Internet SocNets Apps

Music Games Video and

Wireless Broadband services Gov 20

public safety mLearning Etc

Voice + Text

Text + Voice or

Wired Internet or Wi-Fi

1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G

29

High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid

Wireless Network Rollout by County

bull 981 of the US population (gt2797

million) lived in census blocks with one or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 895 of the US population (gt2551

million) lived in census blocks with two or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 761 of the US population (gt2170

million) lived in census blocks with three or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 58 of the US population (gt1653

million) lived in census blocks with four or

more mobile broadband providers

According to the FCC as of November 2008

Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report

Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband

30

WiMax Attributes

bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of

for last 100 ft for last mile

bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles

bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9

Mbs)

bull Available Today

LTE Attributes

bullSimilar to WiMax

bullFaster download upload and lower

latency under most conditions

bullWorldwide roaming

bullExpected Deployment 2011

Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband

speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )

Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary

pg 3)

Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)

31

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Air Interface LTE Coverage Map

32

TBD

In Trials

Carriers Announcing LTE

Commitments

bull ATampT

bull Cox Communications

bull T-Mobile

bull US Cellular

bull Verizon Wireless

Data Cloud Computing

33

Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where

resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)

CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network

bull Cell Site

ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks

bull Handoff

bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

ndash Case Study Smart Grid

ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)

bull Continuous Investment

34

When you physically move from

one point to another the signal

strength of transmissions back to

the cell sitersquos tower begins to

decline

The cell site equipment notifies a

computer called the Mobile

Switching Center (MSC) that the

signal is getting weaker

The MSC then orchestrates the

passing of the call from one cell site

to another

Def Handoff

35

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

36

Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching

center (See Glossary pg 9)

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 4: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

4

Handsets Whatrsquos Inside

bull Antenna and Signal Amplifiers

bull Battery

bull Circuit Board with Microprocessors (ldquoChipsrdquo)

bullDigital Signal Processor

bullFlash (Internal) or SIM (External) Memory

bullGPS (Location)

bull Display

bull Key Board Touch Screen

bull Microphone Speaker

Handsets Cycle of Innovation

5

Def OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer produces the hardware of the device (see Glossary pg 15)

Def Open Internet The ability of end users to access and content producers to distribute information over

specific applications devices services and networks (See Glossary pg 25)

Def Operating System As of August 2010 there are 10 wireless operating system platforms (See

Glossary pg 17)

6

Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA

Voice Only

Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or

Early InternetVoice + Text + Camera or

Wireless Internet Only

1G 3G

Handsets Convergence

7

8

Handsets Factoid

Source CTIA (July 2010)

8

bull At least 33 companies

manufacture more than 630

unique devices for the

US market ndash more devices

than in any other country in

the world

bull At the end of 2009 83 of

devices operating on wireless

networks were capable of

web-browsing including

49 Million Smartphones and

wireless-enabled PDAs and 11

Million Wireless-enabled

Laptops and Wireless modems

Source Qualcomm Rob Atkinson ITIF

Handsets Healthcare

9

10

Handsets Education

bull Accessibility

bull Books Reading Comprehension

bull Distance Learning

bull Math Science

bull Information Reference

bull Quiz Testing

11

Source ComScore (March 2010)

Handsets Data Usage Factoid Minorities Lead The Way

0

10

20

30

40

50

White Native

American

Black Asian Hispanic

Percentage Accessing Data via Mobile Browsers

2007

2008

2009

2010

CHAPTER 2Wireless 101 Spectrum

bull What is Spectrum

ndash The Fuel of Innovation

ndash Spectrum Map

bull Licensing amp Auctions

ndash The Spectrum Squeeze

ndash The National Broadband Plan

bull The Many Users

12

Spectrum

Def Spectrum a range of radio waves used for communications (See

Glossary Pg 21)

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC

Spectrum Making the Connection

13

Handset

Spectrum Wireless Networkrsquos Oxygen

14

Spectrum Factoid The Fuel of Innovation

15

Spectrum Licensing amp Auctions

bull Licensing prevents everyone using same frequencies at the same

time (ldquoInterferencerdquo)

bull How are Licenses Obtained

ndash Broadcast (TVRadio) were FREE

ndash Wireless (CMRS) are auctioned by FCCbull Revenue of Last 2 Commercial Wireless Auctions = $33 B

16

Def Auctions FCC method to distribute commercial wireless licenses (See Glossary pg 23)

Spectrum

17

Facilities-Based Providers

Wireless Carriers (National Regional Local)

Non-Facilities-Based Providers

Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)

Unlicensed Users

Hot Spots (Home Retail Commercial)

Other Spectrum Users

Broadcasters Satellite Defense Public Safety

Spectrum The Many Users

Spectrum Factoid Whorsquos Using It

18

Source CTIA

Government

61

Wireless

9

Unlicensed

amp

Broadcast

TV and

Radio

30

Spectrum Use amp Users

The US Government uses a majority of the available radio spectrum

between 174 MHz and 42 GHz

Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze

19

Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009

660

198

105

314350

217

Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor

20

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Data Apps

21

Skyrocketing Apps

bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)

bull Downloads 6 Billion

Apps for Everything

bull Books

bull Business amp Productivity

bull Education

bull Entertainment

bull Finance

bull Games

bull Gov 20

bull Healthcare amp Fitness

bull Music

bull Navigation

bull News

bull Social Networking

bull Sports

Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices

(See Glossary pg 13)

CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces

bull Analog v Digital

bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The

Evolution of Network Capabilities

bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless

Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans

22

Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See

Glossary pg 16)

Air Interface

23

Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital

24

Understanding Air Interfaces

1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010

AMPS

TDMA

GSM

CDMA

CDPD

GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA

1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C

WiFi WiMAX

(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)

DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps

1G 2G 3G 4G

GSM

CDMA

HSPA +

DL 28 Mbps

HSUPA

DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps

(IS-136)

iDEN

(UMTS)

25G

Global Systems for Mobile Communications

(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile

Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing

(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire

DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps

OFDM

DL 192 Kbps

LTE

DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps

(80211)

DL 10-20Mbps

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular

South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon

Wireless

Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)

Original Cell Phone Licensees

Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally

25

Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF

-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps

-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps

Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence

26

Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health

2727

1G 2G

VOICE

SHORT

MESSAGE

SERVICE

(SMS)

E-MAIL

GPS-BASED

SERVICES

Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of

Network Capabilities

4G25G 3G

TAKE AND SEND

PICTURES

WEB-BROWSING

MOBILE GAMES

STREAMING

VIDEO RADIO

MOBILE APP

STORES

ADVANCED

GAMING

TELEMEDICINE

(IMAGING AND

MONITORING)

SIGNIFICANTLY

ADVANCED

SPEEDS FOR ALL

MOBILE

APPLICATIONS

28

Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung

Voice Only

Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or

Early Internet

Voice + Text + Camera or

Wireless Internet Only

Internet SocNets Apps

Music Games Video and

Wireless Broadband services Gov 20

public safety mLearning Etc

Voice + Text

Text + Voice or

Wired Internet or Wi-Fi

1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G

29

High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid

Wireless Network Rollout by County

bull 981 of the US population (gt2797

million) lived in census blocks with one or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 895 of the US population (gt2551

million) lived in census blocks with two or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 761 of the US population (gt2170

million) lived in census blocks with three or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 58 of the US population (gt1653

million) lived in census blocks with four or

more mobile broadband providers

According to the FCC as of November 2008

Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report

Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband

30

WiMax Attributes

bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of

for last 100 ft for last mile

bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles

bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9

Mbs)

bull Available Today

LTE Attributes

bullSimilar to WiMax

bullFaster download upload and lower

latency under most conditions

bullWorldwide roaming

bullExpected Deployment 2011

Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband

speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )

Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary

pg 3)

Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)

31

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Air Interface LTE Coverage Map

32

TBD

In Trials

Carriers Announcing LTE

Commitments

bull ATampT

bull Cox Communications

bull T-Mobile

bull US Cellular

bull Verizon Wireless

Data Cloud Computing

33

Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where

resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)

CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network

bull Cell Site

ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks

bull Handoff

bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

ndash Case Study Smart Grid

ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)

bull Continuous Investment

34

When you physically move from

one point to another the signal

strength of transmissions back to

the cell sitersquos tower begins to

decline

The cell site equipment notifies a

computer called the Mobile

Switching Center (MSC) that the

signal is getting weaker

The MSC then orchestrates the

passing of the call from one cell site

to another

Def Handoff

35

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

36

Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching

center (See Glossary pg 9)

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 5: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

Handsets Cycle of Innovation

5

Def OEM Original Equipment Manufacturer produces the hardware of the device (see Glossary pg 15)

Def Open Internet The ability of end users to access and content producers to distribute information over

specific applications devices services and networks (See Glossary pg 25)

Def Operating System As of August 2010 there are 10 wireless operating system platforms (See

Glossary pg 17)

6

Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA

Voice Only

Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or

Early InternetVoice + Text + Camera or

Wireless Internet Only

1G 3G

Handsets Convergence

7

8

Handsets Factoid

Source CTIA (July 2010)

8

bull At least 33 companies

manufacture more than 630

unique devices for the

US market ndash more devices

than in any other country in

the world

bull At the end of 2009 83 of

devices operating on wireless

networks were capable of

web-browsing including

49 Million Smartphones and

wireless-enabled PDAs and 11

Million Wireless-enabled

Laptops and Wireless modems

Source Qualcomm Rob Atkinson ITIF

Handsets Healthcare

9

10

Handsets Education

bull Accessibility

bull Books Reading Comprehension

bull Distance Learning

bull Math Science

bull Information Reference

bull Quiz Testing

11

Source ComScore (March 2010)

Handsets Data Usage Factoid Minorities Lead The Way

0

10

20

30

40

50

White Native

American

Black Asian Hispanic

Percentage Accessing Data via Mobile Browsers

2007

2008

2009

2010

CHAPTER 2Wireless 101 Spectrum

bull What is Spectrum

ndash The Fuel of Innovation

ndash Spectrum Map

bull Licensing amp Auctions

ndash The Spectrum Squeeze

ndash The National Broadband Plan

bull The Many Users

12

Spectrum

Def Spectrum a range of radio waves used for communications (See

Glossary Pg 21)

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC

Spectrum Making the Connection

13

Handset

Spectrum Wireless Networkrsquos Oxygen

14

Spectrum Factoid The Fuel of Innovation

15

Spectrum Licensing amp Auctions

bull Licensing prevents everyone using same frequencies at the same

time (ldquoInterferencerdquo)

bull How are Licenses Obtained

ndash Broadcast (TVRadio) were FREE

ndash Wireless (CMRS) are auctioned by FCCbull Revenue of Last 2 Commercial Wireless Auctions = $33 B

16

Def Auctions FCC method to distribute commercial wireless licenses (See Glossary pg 23)

Spectrum

17

Facilities-Based Providers

Wireless Carriers (National Regional Local)

Non-Facilities-Based Providers

Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)

Unlicensed Users

Hot Spots (Home Retail Commercial)

Other Spectrum Users

Broadcasters Satellite Defense Public Safety

Spectrum The Many Users

Spectrum Factoid Whorsquos Using It

18

Source CTIA

Government

61

Wireless

9

Unlicensed

amp

Broadcast

TV and

Radio

30

Spectrum Use amp Users

The US Government uses a majority of the available radio spectrum

between 174 MHz and 42 GHz

Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze

19

Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009

660

198

105

314350

217

Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor

20

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Data Apps

21

Skyrocketing Apps

bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)

bull Downloads 6 Billion

Apps for Everything

bull Books

bull Business amp Productivity

bull Education

bull Entertainment

bull Finance

bull Games

bull Gov 20

bull Healthcare amp Fitness

bull Music

bull Navigation

bull News

bull Social Networking

bull Sports

Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices

(See Glossary pg 13)

CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces

bull Analog v Digital

bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The

Evolution of Network Capabilities

bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless

Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans

22

Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See

Glossary pg 16)

Air Interface

23

Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital

24

Understanding Air Interfaces

1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010

AMPS

TDMA

GSM

CDMA

CDPD

GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA

1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C

WiFi WiMAX

(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)

DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps

1G 2G 3G 4G

GSM

CDMA

HSPA +

DL 28 Mbps

HSUPA

DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps

(IS-136)

iDEN

(UMTS)

25G

Global Systems for Mobile Communications

(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile

Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing

(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire

DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps

OFDM

DL 192 Kbps

LTE

DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps

(80211)

DL 10-20Mbps

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular

South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon

Wireless

Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)

Original Cell Phone Licensees

Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally

25

Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF

-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps

-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps

Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence

26

Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health

2727

1G 2G

VOICE

SHORT

MESSAGE

SERVICE

(SMS)

E-MAIL

GPS-BASED

SERVICES

Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of

Network Capabilities

4G25G 3G

TAKE AND SEND

PICTURES

WEB-BROWSING

MOBILE GAMES

STREAMING

VIDEO RADIO

MOBILE APP

STORES

ADVANCED

GAMING

TELEMEDICINE

(IMAGING AND

MONITORING)

SIGNIFICANTLY

ADVANCED

SPEEDS FOR ALL

MOBILE

APPLICATIONS

28

Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung

Voice Only

Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or

Early Internet

Voice + Text + Camera or

Wireless Internet Only

Internet SocNets Apps

Music Games Video and

Wireless Broadband services Gov 20

public safety mLearning Etc

Voice + Text

Text + Voice or

Wired Internet or Wi-Fi

1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G

29

High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid

Wireless Network Rollout by County

bull 981 of the US population (gt2797

million) lived in census blocks with one or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 895 of the US population (gt2551

million) lived in census blocks with two or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 761 of the US population (gt2170

million) lived in census blocks with three or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 58 of the US population (gt1653

million) lived in census blocks with four or

more mobile broadband providers

According to the FCC as of November 2008

Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report

Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband

30

WiMax Attributes

bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of

for last 100 ft for last mile

bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles

bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9

Mbs)

bull Available Today

LTE Attributes

bullSimilar to WiMax

bullFaster download upload and lower

latency under most conditions

bullWorldwide roaming

bullExpected Deployment 2011

Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband

speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )

Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary

pg 3)

Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)

31

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Air Interface LTE Coverage Map

32

TBD

In Trials

Carriers Announcing LTE

Commitments

bull ATampT

bull Cox Communications

bull T-Mobile

bull US Cellular

bull Verizon Wireless

Data Cloud Computing

33

Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where

resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)

CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network

bull Cell Site

ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks

bull Handoff

bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

ndash Case Study Smart Grid

ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)

bull Continuous Investment

34

When you physically move from

one point to another the signal

strength of transmissions back to

the cell sitersquos tower begins to

decline

The cell site equipment notifies a

computer called the Mobile

Switching Center (MSC) that the

signal is getting weaker

The MSC then orchestrates the

passing of the call from one cell site

to another

Def Handoff

35

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

36

Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching

center (See Glossary pg 9)

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 6: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

6

Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA

Voice Only

Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or

Early InternetVoice + Text + Camera or

Wireless Internet Only

1G 3G

Handsets Convergence

7

8

Handsets Factoid

Source CTIA (July 2010)

8

bull At least 33 companies

manufacture more than 630

unique devices for the

US market ndash more devices

than in any other country in

the world

bull At the end of 2009 83 of

devices operating on wireless

networks were capable of

web-browsing including

49 Million Smartphones and

wireless-enabled PDAs and 11

Million Wireless-enabled

Laptops and Wireless modems

Source Qualcomm Rob Atkinson ITIF

Handsets Healthcare

9

10

Handsets Education

bull Accessibility

bull Books Reading Comprehension

bull Distance Learning

bull Math Science

bull Information Reference

bull Quiz Testing

11

Source ComScore (March 2010)

Handsets Data Usage Factoid Minorities Lead The Way

0

10

20

30

40

50

White Native

American

Black Asian Hispanic

Percentage Accessing Data via Mobile Browsers

2007

2008

2009

2010

CHAPTER 2Wireless 101 Spectrum

bull What is Spectrum

ndash The Fuel of Innovation

ndash Spectrum Map

bull Licensing amp Auctions

ndash The Spectrum Squeeze

ndash The National Broadband Plan

bull The Many Users

12

Spectrum

Def Spectrum a range of radio waves used for communications (See

Glossary Pg 21)

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC

Spectrum Making the Connection

13

Handset

Spectrum Wireless Networkrsquos Oxygen

14

Spectrum Factoid The Fuel of Innovation

15

Spectrum Licensing amp Auctions

bull Licensing prevents everyone using same frequencies at the same

time (ldquoInterferencerdquo)

bull How are Licenses Obtained

ndash Broadcast (TVRadio) were FREE

ndash Wireless (CMRS) are auctioned by FCCbull Revenue of Last 2 Commercial Wireless Auctions = $33 B

16

Def Auctions FCC method to distribute commercial wireless licenses (See Glossary pg 23)

Spectrum

17

Facilities-Based Providers

Wireless Carriers (National Regional Local)

Non-Facilities-Based Providers

Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)

Unlicensed Users

Hot Spots (Home Retail Commercial)

Other Spectrum Users

Broadcasters Satellite Defense Public Safety

Spectrum The Many Users

Spectrum Factoid Whorsquos Using It

18

Source CTIA

Government

61

Wireless

9

Unlicensed

amp

Broadcast

TV and

Radio

30

Spectrum Use amp Users

The US Government uses a majority of the available radio spectrum

between 174 MHz and 42 GHz

Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze

19

Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009

660

198

105

314350

217

Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor

20

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Data Apps

21

Skyrocketing Apps

bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)

bull Downloads 6 Billion

Apps for Everything

bull Books

bull Business amp Productivity

bull Education

bull Entertainment

bull Finance

bull Games

bull Gov 20

bull Healthcare amp Fitness

bull Music

bull Navigation

bull News

bull Social Networking

bull Sports

Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices

(See Glossary pg 13)

CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces

bull Analog v Digital

bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The

Evolution of Network Capabilities

bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless

Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans

22

Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See

Glossary pg 16)

Air Interface

23

Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital

24

Understanding Air Interfaces

1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010

AMPS

TDMA

GSM

CDMA

CDPD

GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA

1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C

WiFi WiMAX

(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)

DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps

1G 2G 3G 4G

GSM

CDMA

HSPA +

DL 28 Mbps

HSUPA

DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps

(IS-136)

iDEN

(UMTS)

25G

Global Systems for Mobile Communications

(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile

Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing

(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire

DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps

OFDM

DL 192 Kbps

LTE

DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps

(80211)

DL 10-20Mbps

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular

South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon

Wireless

Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)

Original Cell Phone Licensees

Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally

25

Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF

-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps

-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps

Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence

26

Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health

2727

1G 2G

VOICE

SHORT

MESSAGE

SERVICE

(SMS)

E-MAIL

GPS-BASED

SERVICES

Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of

Network Capabilities

4G25G 3G

TAKE AND SEND

PICTURES

WEB-BROWSING

MOBILE GAMES

STREAMING

VIDEO RADIO

MOBILE APP

STORES

ADVANCED

GAMING

TELEMEDICINE

(IMAGING AND

MONITORING)

SIGNIFICANTLY

ADVANCED

SPEEDS FOR ALL

MOBILE

APPLICATIONS

28

Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung

Voice Only

Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or

Early Internet

Voice + Text + Camera or

Wireless Internet Only

Internet SocNets Apps

Music Games Video and

Wireless Broadband services Gov 20

public safety mLearning Etc

Voice + Text

Text + Voice or

Wired Internet or Wi-Fi

1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G

29

High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid

Wireless Network Rollout by County

bull 981 of the US population (gt2797

million) lived in census blocks with one or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 895 of the US population (gt2551

million) lived in census blocks with two or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 761 of the US population (gt2170

million) lived in census blocks with three or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 58 of the US population (gt1653

million) lived in census blocks with four or

more mobile broadband providers

According to the FCC as of November 2008

Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report

Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband

30

WiMax Attributes

bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of

for last 100 ft for last mile

bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles

bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9

Mbs)

bull Available Today

LTE Attributes

bullSimilar to WiMax

bullFaster download upload and lower

latency under most conditions

bullWorldwide roaming

bullExpected Deployment 2011

Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband

speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )

Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary

pg 3)

Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)

31

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Air Interface LTE Coverage Map

32

TBD

In Trials

Carriers Announcing LTE

Commitments

bull ATampT

bull Cox Communications

bull T-Mobile

bull US Cellular

bull Verizon Wireless

Data Cloud Computing

33

Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where

resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)

CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network

bull Cell Site

ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks

bull Handoff

bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

ndash Case Study Smart Grid

ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)

bull Continuous Investment

34

When you physically move from

one point to another the signal

strength of transmissions back to

the cell sitersquos tower begins to

decline

The cell site equipment notifies a

computer called the Mobile

Switching Center (MSC) that the

signal is getting weaker

The MSC then orchestrates the

passing of the call from one cell site

to another

Def Handoff

35

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

36

Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching

center (See Glossary pg 9)

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 7: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

Handsets Convergence

7

8

Handsets Factoid

Source CTIA (July 2010)

8

bull At least 33 companies

manufacture more than 630

unique devices for the

US market ndash more devices

than in any other country in

the world

bull At the end of 2009 83 of

devices operating on wireless

networks were capable of

web-browsing including

49 Million Smartphones and

wireless-enabled PDAs and 11

Million Wireless-enabled

Laptops and Wireless modems

Source Qualcomm Rob Atkinson ITIF

Handsets Healthcare

9

10

Handsets Education

bull Accessibility

bull Books Reading Comprehension

bull Distance Learning

bull Math Science

bull Information Reference

bull Quiz Testing

11

Source ComScore (March 2010)

Handsets Data Usage Factoid Minorities Lead The Way

0

10

20

30

40

50

White Native

American

Black Asian Hispanic

Percentage Accessing Data via Mobile Browsers

2007

2008

2009

2010

CHAPTER 2Wireless 101 Spectrum

bull What is Spectrum

ndash The Fuel of Innovation

ndash Spectrum Map

bull Licensing amp Auctions

ndash The Spectrum Squeeze

ndash The National Broadband Plan

bull The Many Users

12

Spectrum

Def Spectrum a range of radio waves used for communications (See

Glossary Pg 21)

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC

Spectrum Making the Connection

13

Handset

Spectrum Wireless Networkrsquos Oxygen

14

Spectrum Factoid The Fuel of Innovation

15

Spectrum Licensing amp Auctions

bull Licensing prevents everyone using same frequencies at the same

time (ldquoInterferencerdquo)

bull How are Licenses Obtained

ndash Broadcast (TVRadio) were FREE

ndash Wireless (CMRS) are auctioned by FCCbull Revenue of Last 2 Commercial Wireless Auctions = $33 B

16

Def Auctions FCC method to distribute commercial wireless licenses (See Glossary pg 23)

Spectrum

17

Facilities-Based Providers

Wireless Carriers (National Regional Local)

Non-Facilities-Based Providers

Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)

Unlicensed Users

Hot Spots (Home Retail Commercial)

Other Spectrum Users

Broadcasters Satellite Defense Public Safety

Spectrum The Many Users

Spectrum Factoid Whorsquos Using It

18

Source CTIA

Government

61

Wireless

9

Unlicensed

amp

Broadcast

TV and

Radio

30

Spectrum Use amp Users

The US Government uses a majority of the available radio spectrum

between 174 MHz and 42 GHz

Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze

19

Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009

660

198

105

314350

217

Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor

20

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Data Apps

21

Skyrocketing Apps

bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)

bull Downloads 6 Billion

Apps for Everything

bull Books

bull Business amp Productivity

bull Education

bull Entertainment

bull Finance

bull Games

bull Gov 20

bull Healthcare amp Fitness

bull Music

bull Navigation

bull News

bull Social Networking

bull Sports

Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices

(See Glossary pg 13)

CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces

bull Analog v Digital

bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The

Evolution of Network Capabilities

bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless

Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans

22

Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See

Glossary pg 16)

Air Interface

23

Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital

24

Understanding Air Interfaces

1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010

AMPS

TDMA

GSM

CDMA

CDPD

GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA

1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C

WiFi WiMAX

(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)

DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps

1G 2G 3G 4G

GSM

CDMA

HSPA +

DL 28 Mbps

HSUPA

DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps

(IS-136)

iDEN

(UMTS)

25G

Global Systems for Mobile Communications

(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile

Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing

(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire

DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps

OFDM

DL 192 Kbps

LTE

DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps

(80211)

DL 10-20Mbps

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular

South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon

Wireless

Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)

Original Cell Phone Licensees

Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally

25

Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF

-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps

-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps

Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence

26

Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health

2727

1G 2G

VOICE

SHORT

MESSAGE

SERVICE

(SMS)

E-MAIL

GPS-BASED

SERVICES

Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of

Network Capabilities

4G25G 3G

TAKE AND SEND

PICTURES

WEB-BROWSING

MOBILE GAMES

STREAMING

VIDEO RADIO

MOBILE APP

STORES

ADVANCED

GAMING

TELEMEDICINE

(IMAGING AND

MONITORING)

SIGNIFICANTLY

ADVANCED

SPEEDS FOR ALL

MOBILE

APPLICATIONS

28

Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung

Voice Only

Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or

Early Internet

Voice + Text + Camera or

Wireless Internet Only

Internet SocNets Apps

Music Games Video and

Wireless Broadband services Gov 20

public safety mLearning Etc

Voice + Text

Text + Voice or

Wired Internet or Wi-Fi

1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G

29

High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid

Wireless Network Rollout by County

bull 981 of the US population (gt2797

million) lived in census blocks with one or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 895 of the US population (gt2551

million) lived in census blocks with two or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 761 of the US population (gt2170

million) lived in census blocks with three or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 58 of the US population (gt1653

million) lived in census blocks with four or

more mobile broadband providers

According to the FCC as of November 2008

Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report

Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband

30

WiMax Attributes

bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of

for last 100 ft for last mile

bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles

bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9

Mbs)

bull Available Today

LTE Attributes

bullSimilar to WiMax

bullFaster download upload and lower

latency under most conditions

bullWorldwide roaming

bullExpected Deployment 2011

Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband

speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )

Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary

pg 3)

Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)

31

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Air Interface LTE Coverage Map

32

TBD

In Trials

Carriers Announcing LTE

Commitments

bull ATampT

bull Cox Communications

bull T-Mobile

bull US Cellular

bull Verizon Wireless

Data Cloud Computing

33

Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where

resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)

CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network

bull Cell Site

ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks

bull Handoff

bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

ndash Case Study Smart Grid

ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)

bull Continuous Investment

34

When you physically move from

one point to another the signal

strength of transmissions back to

the cell sitersquos tower begins to

decline

The cell site equipment notifies a

computer called the Mobile

Switching Center (MSC) that the

signal is getting weaker

The MSC then orchestrates the

passing of the call from one cell site

to another

Def Handoff

35

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

36

Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching

center (See Glossary pg 9)

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 8: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

8

Handsets Factoid

Source CTIA (July 2010)

8

bull At least 33 companies

manufacture more than 630

unique devices for the

US market ndash more devices

than in any other country in

the world

bull At the end of 2009 83 of

devices operating on wireless

networks were capable of

web-browsing including

49 Million Smartphones and

wireless-enabled PDAs and 11

Million Wireless-enabled

Laptops and Wireless modems

Source Qualcomm Rob Atkinson ITIF

Handsets Healthcare

9

10

Handsets Education

bull Accessibility

bull Books Reading Comprehension

bull Distance Learning

bull Math Science

bull Information Reference

bull Quiz Testing

11

Source ComScore (March 2010)

Handsets Data Usage Factoid Minorities Lead The Way

0

10

20

30

40

50

White Native

American

Black Asian Hispanic

Percentage Accessing Data via Mobile Browsers

2007

2008

2009

2010

CHAPTER 2Wireless 101 Spectrum

bull What is Spectrum

ndash The Fuel of Innovation

ndash Spectrum Map

bull Licensing amp Auctions

ndash The Spectrum Squeeze

ndash The National Broadband Plan

bull The Many Users

12

Spectrum

Def Spectrum a range of radio waves used for communications (See

Glossary Pg 21)

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC

Spectrum Making the Connection

13

Handset

Spectrum Wireless Networkrsquos Oxygen

14

Spectrum Factoid The Fuel of Innovation

15

Spectrum Licensing amp Auctions

bull Licensing prevents everyone using same frequencies at the same

time (ldquoInterferencerdquo)

bull How are Licenses Obtained

ndash Broadcast (TVRadio) were FREE

ndash Wireless (CMRS) are auctioned by FCCbull Revenue of Last 2 Commercial Wireless Auctions = $33 B

16

Def Auctions FCC method to distribute commercial wireless licenses (See Glossary pg 23)

Spectrum

17

Facilities-Based Providers

Wireless Carriers (National Regional Local)

Non-Facilities-Based Providers

Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)

Unlicensed Users

Hot Spots (Home Retail Commercial)

Other Spectrum Users

Broadcasters Satellite Defense Public Safety

Spectrum The Many Users

Spectrum Factoid Whorsquos Using It

18

Source CTIA

Government

61

Wireless

9

Unlicensed

amp

Broadcast

TV and

Radio

30

Spectrum Use amp Users

The US Government uses a majority of the available radio spectrum

between 174 MHz and 42 GHz

Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze

19

Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009

660

198

105

314350

217

Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor

20

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Data Apps

21

Skyrocketing Apps

bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)

bull Downloads 6 Billion

Apps for Everything

bull Books

bull Business amp Productivity

bull Education

bull Entertainment

bull Finance

bull Games

bull Gov 20

bull Healthcare amp Fitness

bull Music

bull Navigation

bull News

bull Social Networking

bull Sports

Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices

(See Glossary pg 13)

CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces

bull Analog v Digital

bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The

Evolution of Network Capabilities

bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless

Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans

22

Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See

Glossary pg 16)

Air Interface

23

Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital

24

Understanding Air Interfaces

1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010

AMPS

TDMA

GSM

CDMA

CDPD

GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA

1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C

WiFi WiMAX

(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)

DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps

1G 2G 3G 4G

GSM

CDMA

HSPA +

DL 28 Mbps

HSUPA

DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps

(IS-136)

iDEN

(UMTS)

25G

Global Systems for Mobile Communications

(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile

Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing

(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire

DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps

OFDM

DL 192 Kbps

LTE

DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps

(80211)

DL 10-20Mbps

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular

South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon

Wireless

Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)

Original Cell Phone Licensees

Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally

25

Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF

-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps

-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps

Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence

26

Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health

2727

1G 2G

VOICE

SHORT

MESSAGE

SERVICE

(SMS)

E-MAIL

GPS-BASED

SERVICES

Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of

Network Capabilities

4G25G 3G

TAKE AND SEND

PICTURES

WEB-BROWSING

MOBILE GAMES

STREAMING

VIDEO RADIO

MOBILE APP

STORES

ADVANCED

GAMING

TELEMEDICINE

(IMAGING AND

MONITORING)

SIGNIFICANTLY

ADVANCED

SPEEDS FOR ALL

MOBILE

APPLICATIONS

28

Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung

Voice Only

Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or

Early Internet

Voice + Text + Camera or

Wireless Internet Only

Internet SocNets Apps

Music Games Video and

Wireless Broadband services Gov 20

public safety mLearning Etc

Voice + Text

Text + Voice or

Wired Internet or Wi-Fi

1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G

29

High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid

Wireless Network Rollout by County

bull 981 of the US population (gt2797

million) lived in census blocks with one or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 895 of the US population (gt2551

million) lived in census blocks with two or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 761 of the US population (gt2170

million) lived in census blocks with three or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 58 of the US population (gt1653

million) lived in census blocks with four or

more mobile broadband providers

According to the FCC as of November 2008

Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report

Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband

30

WiMax Attributes

bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of

for last 100 ft for last mile

bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles

bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9

Mbs)

bull Available Today

LTE Attributes

bullSimilar to WiMax

bullFaster download upload and lower

latency under most conditions

bullWorldwide roaming

bullExpected Deployment 2011

Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband

speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )

Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary

pg 3)

Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)

31

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Air Interface LTE Coverage Map

32

TBD

In Trials

Carriers Announcing LTE

Commitments

bull ATampT

bull Cox Communications

bull T-Mobile

bull US Cellular

bull Verizon Wireless

Data Cloud Computing

33

Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where

resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)

CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network

bull Cell Site

ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks

bull Handoff

bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

ndash Case Study Smart Grid

ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)

bull Continuous Investment

34

When you physically move from

one point to another the signal

strength of transmissions back to

the cell sitersquos tower begins to

decline

The cell site equipment notifies a

computer called the Mobile

Switching Center (MSC) that the

signal is getting weaker

The MSC then orchestrates the

passing of the call from one cell site

to another

Def Handoff

35

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

36

Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching

center (See Glossary pg 9)

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 9: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

Source Qualcomm Rob Atkinson ITIF

Handsets Healthcare

9

10

Handsets Education

bull Accessibility

bull Books Reading Comprehension

bull Distance Learning

bull Math Science

bull Information Reference

bull Quiz Testing

11

Source ComScore (March 2010)

Handsets Data Usage Factoid Minorities Lead The Way

0

10

20

30

40

50

White Native

American

Black Asian Hispanic

Percentage Accessing Data via Mobile Browsers

2007

2008

2009

2010

CHAPTER 2Wireless 101 Spectrum

bull What is Spectrum

ndash The Fuel of Innovation

ndash Spectrum Map

bull Licensing amp Auctions

ndash The Spectrum Squeeze

ndash The National Broadband Plan

bull The Many Users

12

Spectrum

Def Spectrum a range of radio waves used for communications (See

Glossary Pg 21)

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC

Spectrum Making the Connection

13

Handset

Spectrum Wireless Networkrsquos Oxygen

14

Spectrum Factoid The Fuel of Innovation

15

Spectrum Licensing amp Auctions

bull Licensing prevents everyone using same frequencies at the same

time (ldquoInterferencerdquo)

bull How are Licenses Obtained

ndash Broadcast (TVRadio) were FREE

ndash Wireless (CMRS) are auctioned by FCCbull Revenue of Last 2 Commercial Wireless Auctions = $33 B

16

Def Auctions FCC method to distribute commercial wireless licenses (See Glossary pg 23)

Spectrum

17

Facilities-Based Providers

Wireless Carriers (National Regional Local)

Non-Facilities-Based Providers

Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)

Unlicensed Users

Hot Spots (Home Retail Commercial)

Other Spectrum Users

Broadcasters Satellite Defense Public Safety

Spectrum The Many Users

Spectrum Factoid Whorsquos Using It

18

Source CTIA

Government

61

Wireless

9

Unlicensed

amp

Broadcast

TV and

Radio

30

Spectrum Use amp Users

The US Government uses a majority of the available radio spectrum

between 174 MHz and 42 GHz

Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze

19

Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009

660

198

105

314350

217

Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor

20

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Data Apps

21

Skyrocketing Apps

bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)

bull Downloads 6 Billion

Apps for Everything

bull Books

bull Business amp Productivity

bull Education

bull Entertainment

bull Finance

bull Games

bull Gov 20

bull Healthcare amp Fitness

bull Music

bull Navigation

bull News

bull Social Networking

bull Sports

Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices

(See Glossary pg 13)

CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces

bull Analog v Digital

bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The

Evolution of Network Capabilities

bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless

Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans

22

Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See

Glossary pg 16)

Air Interface

23

Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital

24

Understanding Air Interfaces

1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010

AMPS

TDMA

GSM

CDMA

CDPD

GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA

1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C

WiFi WiMAX

(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)

DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps

1G 2G 3G 4G

GSM

CDMA

HSPA +

DL 28 Mbps

HSUPA

DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps

(IS-136)

iDEN

(UMTS)

25G

Global Systems for Mobile Communications

(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile

Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing

(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire

DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps

OFDM

DL 192 Kbps

LTE

DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps

(80211)

DL 10-20Mbps

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular

South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon

Wireless

Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)

Original Cell Phone Licensees

Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally

25

Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF

-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps

-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps

Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence

26

Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health

2727

1G 2G

VOICE

SHORT

MESSAGE

SERVICE

(SMS)

E-MAIL

GPS-BASED

SERVICES

Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of

Network Capabilities

4G25G 3G

TAKE AND SEND

PICTURES

WEB-BROWSING

MOBILE GAMES

STREAMING

VIDEO RADIO

MOBILE APP

STORES

ADVANCED

GAMING

TELEMEDICINE

(IMAGING AND

MONITORING)

SIGNIFICANTLY

ADVANCED

SPEEDS FOR ALL

MOBILE

APPLICATIONS

28

Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung

Voice Only

Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or

Early Internet

Voice + Text + Camera or

Wireless Internet Only

Internet SocNets Apps

Music Games Video and

Wireless Broadband services Gov 20

public safety mLearning Etc

Voice + Text

Text + Voice or

Wired Internet or Wi-Fi

1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G

29

High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid

Wireless Network Rollout by County

bull 981 of the US population (gt2797

million) lived in census blocks with one or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 895 of the US population (gt2551

million) lived in census blocks with two or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 761 of the US population (gt2170

million) lived in census blocks with three or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 58 of the US population (gt1653

million) lived in census blocks with four or

more mobile broadband providers

According to the FCC as of November 2008

Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report

Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband

30

WiMax Attributes

bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of

for last 100 ft for last mile

bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles

bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9

Mbs)

bull Available Today

LTE Attributes

bullSimilar to WiMax

bullFaster download upload and lower

latency under most conditions

bullWorldwide roaming

bullExpected Deployment 2011

Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband

speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )

Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary

pg 3)

Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)

31

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Air Interface LTE Coverage Map

32

TBD

In Trials

Carriers Announcing LTE

Commitments

bull ATampT

bull Cox Communications

bull T-Mobile

bull US Cellular

bull Verizon Wireless

Data Cloud Computing

33

Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where

resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)

CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network

bull Cell Site

ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks

bull Handoff

bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

ndash Case Study Smart Grid

ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)

bull Continuous Investment

34

When you physically move from

one point to another the signal

strength of transmissions back to

the cell sitersquos tower begins to

decline

The cell site equipment notifies a

computer called the Mobile

Switching Center (MSC) that the

signal is getting weaker

The MSC then orchestrates the

passing of the call from one cell site

to another

Def Handoff

35

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

36

Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching

center (See Glossary pg 9)

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 10: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

10

Handsets Education

bull Accessibility

bull Books Reading Comprehension

bull Distance Learning

bull Math Science

bull Information Reference

bull Quiz Testing

11

Source ComScore (March 2010)

Handsets Data Usage Factoid Minorities Lead The Way

0

10

20

30

40

50

White Native

American

Black Asian Hispanic

Percentage Accessing Data via Mobile Browsers

2007

2008

2009

2010

CHAPTER 2Wireless 101 Spectrum

bull What is Spectrum

ndash The Fuel of Innovation

ndash Spectrum Map

bull Licensing amp Auctions

ndash The Spectrum Squeeze

ndash The National Broadband Plan

bull The Many Users

12

Spectrum

Def Spectrum a range of radio waves used for communications (See

Glossary Pg 21)

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC

Spectrum Making the Connection

13

Handset

Spectrum Wireless Networkrsquos Oxygen

14

Spectrum Factoid The Fuel of Innovation

15

Spectrum Licensing amp Auctions

bull Licensing prevents everyone using same frequencies at the same

time (ldquoInterferencerdquo)

bull How are Licenses Obtained

ndash Broadcast (TVRadio) were FREE

ndash Wireless (CMRS) are auctioned by FCCbull Revenue of Last 2 Commercial Wireless Auctions = $33 B

16

Def Auctions FCC method to distribute commercial wireless licenses (See Glossary pg 23)

Spectrum

17

Facilities-Based Providers

Wireless Carriers (National Regional Local)

Non-Facilities-Based Providers

Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)

Unlicensed Users

Hot Spots (Home Retail Commercial)

Other Spectrum Users

Broadcasters Satellite Defense Public Safety

Spectrum The Many Users

Spectrum Factoid Whorsquos Using It

18

Source CTIA

Government

61

Wireless

9

Unlicensed

amp

Broadcast

TV and

Radio

30

Spectrum Use amp Users

The US Government uses a majority of the available radio spectrum

between 174 MHz and 42 GHz

Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze

19

Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009

660

198

105

314350

217

Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor

20

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Data Apps

21

Skyrocketing Apps

bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)

bull Downloads 6 Billion

Apps for Everything

bull Books

bull Business amp Productivity

bull Education

bull Entertainment

bull Finance

bull Games

bull Gov 20

bull Healthcare amp Fitness

bull Music

bull Navigation

bull News

bull Social Networking

bull Sports

Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices

(See Glossary pg 13)

CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces

bull Analog v Digital

bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The

Evolution of Network Capabilities

bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless

Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans

22

Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See

Glossary pg 16)

Air Interface

23

Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital

24

Understanding Air Interfaces

1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010

AMPS

TDMA

GSM

CDMA

CDPD

GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA

1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C

WiFi WiMAX

(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)

DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps

1G 2G 3G 4G

GSM

CDMA

HSPA +

DL 28 Mbps

HSUPA

DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps

(IS-136)

iDEN

(UMTS)

25G

Global Systems for Mobile Communications

(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile

Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing

(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire

DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps

OFDM

DL 192 Kbps

LTE

DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps

(80211)

DL 10-20Mbps

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular

South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon

Wireless

Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)

Original Cell Phone Licensees

Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally

25

Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF

-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps

-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps

Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence

26

Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health

2727

1G 2G

VOICE

SHORT

MESSAGE

SERVICE

(SMS)

E-MAIL

GPS-BASED

SERVICES

Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of

Network Capabilities

4G25G 3G

TAKE AND SEND

PICTURES

WEB-BROWSING

MOBILE GAMES

STREAMING

VIDEO RADIO

MOBILE APP

STORES

ADVANCED

GAMING

TELEMEDICINE

(IMAGING AND

MONITORING)

SIGNIFICANTLY

ADVANCED

SPEEDS FOR ALL

MOBILE

APPLICATIONS

28

Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung

Voice Only

Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or

Early Internet

Voice + Text + Camera or

Wireless Internet Only

Internet SocNets Apps

Music Games Video and

Wireless Broadband services Gov 20

public safety mLearning Etc

Voice + Text

Text + Voice or

Wired Internet or Wi-Fi

1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G

29

High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid

Wireless Network Rollout by County

bull 981 of the US population (gt2797

million) lived in census blocks with one or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 895 of the US population (gt2551

million) lived in census blocks with two or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 761 of the US population (gt2170

million) lived in census blocks with three or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 58 of the US population (gt1653

million) lived in census blocks with four or

more mobile broadband providers

According to the FCC as of November 2008

Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report

Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband

30

WiMax Attributes

bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of

for last 100 ft for last mile

bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles

bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9

Mbs)

bull Available Today

LTE Attributes

bullSimilar to WiMax

bullFaster download upload and lower

latency under most conditions

bullWorldwide roaming

bullExpected Deployment 2011

Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband

speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )

Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary

pg 3)

Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)

31

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Air Interface LTE Coverage Map

32

TBD

In Trials

Carriers Announcing LTE

Commitments

bull ATampT

bull Cox Communications

bull T-Mobile

bull US Cellular

bull Verizon Wireless

Data Cloud Computing

33

Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where

resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)

CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network

bull Cell Site

ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks

bull Handoff

bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

ndash Case Study Smart Grid

ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)

bull Continuous Investment

34

When you physically move from

one point to another the signal

strength of transmissions back to

the cell sitersquos tower begins to

decline

The cell site equipment notifies a

computer called the Mobile

Switching Center (MSC) that the

signal is getting weaker

The MSC then orchestrates the

passing of the call from one cell site

to another

Def Handoff

35

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

36

Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching

center (See Glossary pg 9)

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 11: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

11

Source ComScore (March 2010)

Handsets Data Usage Factoid Minorities Lead The Way

0

10

20

30

40

50

White Native

American

Black Asian Hispanic

Percentage Accessing Data via Mobile Browsers

2007

2008

2009

2010

CHAPTER 2Wireless 101 Spectrum

bull What is Spectrum

ndash The Fuel of Innovation

ndash Spectrum Map

bull Licensing amp Auctions

ndash The Spectrum Squeeze

ndash The National Broadband Plan

bull The Many Users

12

Spectrum

Def Spectrum a range of radio waves used for communications (See

Glossary Pg 21)

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC

Spectrum Making the Connection

13

Handset

Spectrum Wireless Networkrsquos Oxygen

14

Spectrum Factoid The Fuel of Innovation

15

Spectrum Licensing amp Auctions

bull Licensing prevents everyone using same frequencies at the same

time (ldquoInterferencerdquo)

bull How are Licenses Obtained

ndash Broadcast (TVRadio) were FREE

ndash Wireless (CMRS) are auctioned by FCCbull Revenue of Last 2 Commercial Wireless Auctions = $33 B

16

Def Auctions FCC method to distribute commercial wireless licenses (See Glossary pg 23)

Spectrum

17

Facilities-Based Providers

Wireless Carriers (National Regional Local)

Non-Facilities-Based Providers

Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)

Unlicensed Users

Hot Spots (Home Retail Commercial)

Other Spectrum Users

Broadcasters Satellite Defense Public Safety

Spectrum The Many Users

Spectrum Factoid Whorsquos Using It

18

Source CTIA

Government

61

Wireless

9

Unlicensed

amp

Broadcast

TV and

Radio

30

Spectrum Use amp Users

The US Government uses a majority of the available radio spectrum

between 174 MHz and 42 GHz

Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze

19

Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009

660

198

105

314350

217

Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor

20

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Data Apps

21

Skyrocketing Apps

bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)

bull Downloads 6 Billion

Apps for Everything

bull Books

bull Business amp Productivity

bull Education

bull Entertainment

bull Finance

bull Games

bull Gov 20

bull Healthcare amp Fitness

bull Music

bull Navigation

bull News

bull Social Networking

bull Sports

Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices

(See Glossary pg 13)

CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces

bull Analog v Digital

bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The

Evolution of Network Capabilities

bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless

Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans

22

Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See

Glossary pg 16)

Air Interface

23

Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital

24

Understanding Air Interfaces

1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010

AMPS

TDMA

GSM

CDMA

CDPD

GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA

1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C

WiFi WiMAX

(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)

DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps

1G 2G 3G 4G

GSM

CDMA

HSPA +

DL 28 Mbps

HSUPA

DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps

(IS-136)

iDEN

(UMTS)

25G

Global Systems for Mobile Communications

(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile

Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing

(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire

DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps

OFDM

DL 192 Kbps

LTE

DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps

(80211)

DL 10-20Mbps

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular

South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon

Wireless

Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)

Original Cell Phone Licensees

Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally

25

Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF

-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps

-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps

Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence

26

Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health

2727

1G 2G

VOICE

SHORT

MESSAGE

SERVICE

(SMS)

E-MAIL

GPS-BASED

SERVICES

Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of

Network Capabilities

4G25G 3G

TAKE AND SEND

PICTURES

WEB-BROWSING

MOBILE GAMES

STREAMING

VIDEO RADIO

MOBILE APP

STORES

ADVANCED

GAMING

TELEMEDICINE

(IMAGING AND

MONITORING)

SIGNIFICANTLY

ADVANCED

SPEEDS FOR ALL

MOBILE

APPLICATIONS

28

Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung

Voice Only

Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or

Early Internet

Voice + Text + Camera or

Wireless Internet Only

Internet SocNets Apps

Music Games Video and

Wireless Broadband services Gov 20

public safety mLearning Etc

Voice + Text

Text + Voice or

Wired Internet or Wi-Fi

1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G

29

High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid

Wireless Network Rollout by County

bull 981 of the US population (gt2797

million) lived in census blocks with one or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 895 of the US population (gt2551

million) lived in census blocks with two or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 761 of the US population (gt2170

million) lived in census blocks with three or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 58 of the US population (gt1653

million) lived in census blocks with four or

more mobile broadband providers

According to the FCC as of November 2008

Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report

Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband

30

WiMax Attributes

bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of

for last 100 ft for last mile

bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles

bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9

Mbs)

bull Available Today

LTE Attributes

bullSimilar to WiMax

bullFaster download upload and lower

latency under most conditions

bullWorldwide roaming

bullExpected Deployment 2011

Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband

speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )

Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary

pg 3)

Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)

31

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Air Interface LTE Coverage Map

32

TBD

In Trials

Carriers Announcing LTE

Commitments

bull ATampT

bull Cox Communications

bull T-Mobile

bull US Cellular

bull Verizon Wireless

Data Cloud Computing

33

Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where

resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)

CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network

bull Cell Site

ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks

bull Handoff

bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

ndash Case Study Smart Grid

ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)

bull Continuous Investment

34

When you physically move from

one point to another the signal

strength of transmissions back to

the cell sitersquos tower begins to

decline

The cell site equipment notifies a

computer called the Mobile

Switching Center (MSC) that the

signal is getting weaker

The MSC then orchestrates the

passing of the call from one cell site

to another

Def Handoff

35

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

36

Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching

center (See Glossary pg 9)

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 12: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

CHAPTER 2Wireless 101 Spectrum

bull What is Spectrum

ndash The Fuel of Innovation

ndash Spectrum Map

bull Licensing amp Auctions

ndash The Spectrum Squeeze

ndash The National Broadband Plan

bull The Many Users

12

Spectrum

Def Spectrum a range of radio waves used for communications (See

Glossary Pg 21)

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC

Spectrum Making the Connection

13

Handset

Spectrum Wireless Networkrsquos Oxygen

14

Spectrum Factoid The Fuel of Innovation

15

Spectrum Licensing amp Auctions

bull Licensing prevents everyone using same frequencies at the same

time (ldquoInterferencerdquo)

bull How are Licenses Obtained

ndash Broadcast (TVRadio) were FREE

ndash Wireless (CMRS) are auctioned by FCCbull Revenue of Last 2 Commercial Wireless Auctions = $33 B

16

Def Auctions FCC method to distribute commercial wireless licenses (See Glossary pg 23)

Spectrum

17

Facilities-Based Providers

Wireless Carriers (National Regional Local)

Non-Facilities-Based Providers

Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)

Unlicensed Users

Hot Spots (Home Retail Commercial)

Other Spectrum Users

Broadcasters Satellite Defense Public Safety

Spectrum The Many Users

Spectrum Factoid Whorsquos Using It

18

Source CTIA

Government

61

Wireless

9

Unlicensed

amp

Broadcast

TV and

Radio

30

Spectrum Use amp Users

The US Government uses a majority of the available radio spectrum

between 174 MHz and 42 GHz

Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze

19

Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009

660

198

105

314350

217

Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor

20

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Data Apps

21

Skyrocketing Apps

bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)

bull Downloads 6 Billion

Apps for Everything

bull Books

bull Business amp Productivity

bull Education

bull Entertainment

bull Finance

bull Games

bull Gov 20

bull Healthcare amp Fitness

bull Music

bull Navigation

bull News

bull Social Networking

bull Sports

Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices

(See Glossary pg 13)

CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces

bull Analog v Digital

bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The

Evolution of Network Capabilities

bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless

Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans

22

Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See

Glossary pg 16)

Air Interface

23

Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital

24

Understanding Air Interfaces

1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010

AMPS

TDMA

GSM

CDMA

CDPD

GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA

1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C

WiFi WiMAX

(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)

DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps

1G 2G 3G 4G

GSM

CDMA

HSPA +

DL 28 Mbps

HSUPA

DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps

(IS-136)

iDEN

(UMTS)

25G

Global Systems for Mobile Communications

(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile

Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing

(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire

DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps

OFDM

DL 192 Kbps

LTE

DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps

(80211)

DL 10-20Mbps

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular

South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon

Wireless

Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)

Original Cell Phone Licensees

Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally

25

Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF

-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps

-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps

Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence

26

Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health

2727

1G 2G

VOICE

SHORT

MESSAGE

SERVICE

(SMS)

E-MAIL

GPS-BASED

SERVICES

Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of

Network Capabilities

4G25G 3G

TAKE AND SEND

PICTURES

WEB-BROWSING

MOBILE GAMES

STREAMING

VIDEO RADIO

MOBILE APP

STORES

ADVANCED

GAMING

TELEMEDICINE

(IMAGING AND

MONITORING)

SIGNIFICANTLY

ADVANCED

SPEEDS FOR ALL

MOBILE

APPLICATIONS

28

Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung

Voice Only

Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or

Early Internet

Voice + Text + Camera or

Wireless Internet Only

Internet SocNets Apps

Music Games Video and

Wireless Broadband services Gov 20

public safety mLearning Etc

Voice + Text

Text + Voice or

Wired Internet or Wi-Fi

1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G

29

High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid

Wireless Network Rollout by County

bull 981 of the US population (gt2797

million) lived in census blocks with one or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 895 of the US population (gt2551

million) lived in census blocks with two or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 761 of the US population (gt2170

million) lived in census blocks with three or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 58 of the US population (gt1653

million) lived in census blocks with four or

more mobile broadband providers

According to the FCC as of November 2008

Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report

Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband

30

WiMax Attributes

bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of

for last 100 ft for last mile

bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles

bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9

Mbs)

bull Available Today

LTE Attributes

bullSimilar to WiMax

bullFaster download upload and lower

latency under most conditions

bullWorldwide roaming

bullExpected Deployment 2011

Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband

speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )

Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary

pg 3)

Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)

31

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Air Interface LTE Coverage Map

32

TBD

In Trials

Carriers Announcing LTE

Commitments

bull ATampT

bull Cox Communications

bull T-Mobile

bull US Cellular

bull Verizon Wireless

Data Cloud Computing

33

Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where

resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)

CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network

bull Cell Site

ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks

bull Handoff

bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

ndash Case Study Smart Grid

ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)

bull Continuous Investment

34

When you physically move from

one point to another the signal

strength of transmissions back to

the cell sitersquos tower begins to

decline

The cell site equipment notifies a

computer called the Mobile

Switching Center (MSC) that the

signal is getting weaker

The MSC then orchestrates the

passing of the call from one cell site

to another

Def Handoff

35

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

36

Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching

center (See Glossary pg 9)

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 13: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC

Spectrum Making the Connection

13

Handset

Spectrum Wireless Networkrsquos Oxygen

14

Spectrum Factoid The Fuel of Innovation

15

Spectrum Licensing amp Auctions

bull Licensing prevents everyone using same frequencies at the same

time (ldquoInterferencerdquo)

bull How are Licenses Obtained

ndash Broadcast (TVRadio) were FREE

ndash Wireless (CMRS) are auctioned by FCCbull Revenue of Last 2 Commercial Wireless Auctions = $33 B

16

Def Auctions FCC method to distribute commercial wireless licenses (See Glossary pg 23)

Spectrum

17

Facilities-Based Providers

Wireless Carriers (National Regional Local)

Non-Facilities-Based Providers

Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)

Unlicensed Users

Hot Spots (Home Retail Commercial)

Other Spectrum Users

Broadcasters Satellite Defense Public Safety

Spectrum The Many Users

Spectrum Factoid Whorsquos Using It

18

Source CTIA

Government

61

Wireless

9

Unlicensed

amp

Broadcast

TV and

Radio

30

Spectrum Use amp Users

The US Government uses a majority of the available radio spectrum

between 174 MHz and 42 GHz

Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze

19

Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009

660

198

105

314350

217

Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor

20

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Data Apps

21

Skyrocketing Apps

bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)

bull Downloads 6 Billion

Apps for Everything

bull Books

bull Business amp Productivity

bull Education

bull Entertainment

bull Finance

bull Games

bull Gov 20

bull Healthcare amp Fitness

bull Music

bull Navigation

bull News

bull Social Networking

bull Sports

Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices

(See Glossary pg 13)

CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces

bull Analog v Digital

bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The

Evolution of Network Capabilities

bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless

Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans

22

Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See

Glossary pg 16)

Air Interface

23

Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital

24

Understanding Air Interfaces

1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010

AMPS

TDMA

GSM

CDMA

CDPD

GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA

1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C

WiFi WiMAX

(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)

DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps

1G 2G 3G 4G

GSM

CDMA

HSPA +

DL 28 Mbps

HSUPA

DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps

(IS-136)

iDEN

(UMTS)

25G

Global Systems for Mobile Communications

(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile

Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing

(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire

DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps

OFDM

DL 192 Kbps

LTE

DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps

(80211)

DL 10-20Mbps

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular

South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon

Wireless

Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)

Original Cell Phone Licensees

Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally

25

Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF

-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps

-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps

Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence

26

Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health

2727

1G 2G

VOICE

SHORT

MESSAGE

SERVICE

(SMS)

E-MAIL

GPS-BASED

SERVICES

Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of

Network Capabilities

4G25G 3G

TAKE AND SEND

PICTURES

WEB-BROWSING

MOBILE GAMES

STREAMING

VIDEO RADIO

MOBILE APP

STORES

ADVANCED

GAMING

TELEMEDICINE

(IMAGING AND

MONITORING)

SIGNIFICANTLY

ADVANCED

SPEEDS FOR ALL

MOBILE

APPLICATIONS

28

Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung

Voice Only

Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or

Early Internet

Voice + Text + Camera or

Wireless Internet Only

Internet SocNets Apps

Music Games Video and

Wireless Broadband services Gov 20

public safety mLearning Etc

Voice + Text

Text + Voice or

Wired Internet or Wi-Fi

1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G

29

High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid

Wireless Network Rollout by County

bull 981 of the US population (gt2797

million) lived in census blocks with one or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 895 of the US population (gt2551

million) lived in census blocks with two or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 761 of the US population (gt2170

million) lived in census blocks with three or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 58 of the US population (gt1653

million) lived in census blocks with four or

more mobile broadband providers

According to the FCC as of November 2008

Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report

Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband

30

WiMax Attributes

bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of

for last 100 ft for last mile

bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles

bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9

Mbs)

bull Available Today

LTE Attributes

bullSimilar to WiMax

bullFaster download upload and lower

latency under most conditions

bullWorldwide roaming

bullExpected Deployment 2011

Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband

speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )

Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary

pg 3)

Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)

31

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Air Interface LTE Coverage Map

32

TBD

In Trials

Carriers Announcing LTE

Commitments

bull ATampT

bull Cox Communications

bull T-Mobile

bull US Cellular

bull Verizon Wireless

Data Cloud Computing

33

Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where

resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)

CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network

bull Cell Site

ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks

bull Handoff

bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

ndash Case Study Smart Grid

ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)

bull Continuous Investment

34

When you physically move from

one point to another the signal

strength of transmissions back to

the cell sitersquos tower begins to

decline

The cell site equipment notifies a

computer called the Mobile

Switching Center (MSC) that the

signal is getting weaker

The MSC then orchestrates the

passing of the call from one cell site

to another

Def Handoff

35

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

36

Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching

center (See Glossary pg 9)

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 14: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

Spectrum Wireless Networkrsquos Oxygen

14

Spectrum Factoid The Fuel of Innovation

15

Spectrum Licensing amp Auctions

bull Licensing prevents everyone using same frequencies at the same

time (ldquoInterferencerdquo)

bull How are Licenses Obtained

ndash Broadcast (TVRadio) were FREE

ndash Wireless (CMRS) are auctioned by FCCbull Revenue of Last 2 Commercial Wireless Auctions = $33 B

16

Def Auctions FCC method to distribute commercial wireless licenses (See Glossary pg 23)

Spectrum

17

Facilities-Based Providers

Wireless Carriers (National Regional Local)

Non-Facilities-Based Providers

Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)

Unlicensed Users

Hot Spots (Home Retail Commercial)

Other Spectrum Users

Broadcasters Satellite Defense Public Safety

Spectrum The Many Users

Spectrum Factoid Whorsquos Using It

18

Source CTIA

Government

61

Wireless

9

Unlicensed

amp

Broadcast

TV and

Radio

30

Spectrum Use amp Users

The US Government uses a majority of the available radio spectrum

between 174 MHz and 42 GHz

Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze

19

Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009

660

198

105

314350

217

Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor

20

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Data Apps

21

Skyrocketing Apps

bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)

bull Downloads 6 Billion

Apps for Everything

bull Books

bull Business amp Productivity

bull Education

bull Entertainment

bull Finance

bull Games

bull Gov 20

bull Healthcare amp Fitness

bull Music

bull Navigation

bull News

bull Social Networking

bull Sports

Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices

(See Glossary pg 13)

CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces

bull Analog v Digital

bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The

Evolution of Network Capabilities

bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless

Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans

22

Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See

Glossary pg 16)

Air Interface

23

Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital

24

Understanding Air Interfaces

1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010

AMPS

TDMA

GSM

CDMA

CDPD

GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA

1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C

WiFi WiMAX

(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)

DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps

1G 2G 3G 4G

GSM

CDMA

HSPA +

DL 28 Mbps

HSUPA

DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps

(IS-136)

iDEN

(UMTS)

25G

Global Systems for Mobile Communications

(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile

Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing

(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire

DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps

OFDM

DL 192 Kbps

LTE

DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps

(80211)

DL 10-20Mbps

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular

South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon

Wireless

Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)

Original Cell Phone Licensees

Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally

25

Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF

-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps

-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps

Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence

26

Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health

2727

1G 2G

VOICE

SHORT

MESSAGE

SERVICE

(SMS)

E-MAIL

GPS-BASED

SERVICES

Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of

Network Capabilities

4G25G 3G

TAKE AND SEND

PICTURES

WEB-BROWSING

MOBILE GAMES

STREAMING

VIDEO RADIO

MOBILE APP

STORES

ADVANCED

GAMING

TELEMEDICINE

(IMAGING AND

MONITORING)

SIGNIFICANTLY

ADVANCED

SPEEDS FOR ALL

MOBILE

APPLICATIONS

28

Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung

Voice Only

Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or

Early Internet

Voice + Text + Camera or

Wireless Internet Only

Internet SocNets Apps

Music Games Video and

Wireless Broadband services Gov 20

public safety mLearning Etc

Voice + Text

Text + Voice or

Wired Internet or Wi-Fi

1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G

29

High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid

Wireless Network Rollout by County

bull 981 of the US population (gt2797

million) lived in census blocks with one or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 895 of the US population (gt2551

million) lived in census blocks with two or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 761 of the US population (gt2170

million) lived in census blocks with three or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 58 of the US population (gt1653

million) lived in census blocks with four or

more mobile broadband providers

According to the FCC as of November 2008

Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report

Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband

30

WiMax Attributes

bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of

for last 100 ft for last mile

bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles

bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9

Mbs)

bull Available Today

LTE Attributes

bullSimilar to WiMax

bullFaster download upload and lower

latency under most conditions

bullWorldwide roaming

bullExpected Deployment 2011

Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband

speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )

Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary

pg 3)

Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)

31

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Air Interface LTE Coverage Map

32

TBD

In Trials

Carriers Announcing LTE

Commitments

bull ATampT

bull Cox Communications

bull T-Mobile

bull US Cellular

bull Verizon Wireless

Data Cloud Computing

33

Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where

resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)

CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network

bull Cell Site

ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks

bull Handoff

bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

ndash Case Study Smart Grid

ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)

bull Continuous Investment

34

When you physically move from

one point to another the signal

strength of transmissions back to

the cell sitersquos tower begins to

decline

The cell site equipment notifies a

computer called the Mobile

Switching Center (MSC) that the

signal is getting weaker

The MSC then orchestrates the

passing of the call from one cell site

to another

Def Handoff

35

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

36

Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching

center (See Glossary pg 9)

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 15: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

Spectrum Factoid The Fuel of Innovation

15

Spectrum Licensing amp Auctions

bull Licensing prevents everyone using same frequencies at the same

time (ldquoInterferencerdquo)

bull How are Licenses Obtained

ndash Broadcast (TVRadio) were FREE

ndash Wireless (CMRS) are auctioned by FCCbull Revenue of Last 2 Commercial Wireless Auctions = $33 B

16

Def Auctions FCC method to distribute commercial wireless licenses (See Glossary pg 23)

Spectrum

17

Facilities-Based Providers

Wireless Carriers (National Regional Local)

Non-Facilities-Based Providers

Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)

Unlicensed Users

Hot Spots (Home Retail Commercial)

Other Spectrum Users

Broadcasters Satellite Defense Public Safety

Spectrum The Many Users

Spectrum Factoid Whorsquos Using It

18

Source CTIA

Government

61

Wireless

9

Unlicensed

amp

Broadcast

TV and

Radio

30

Spectrum Use amp Users

The US Government uses a majority of the available radio spectrum

between 174 MHz and 42 GHz

Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze

19

Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009

660

198

105

314350

217

Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor

20

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Data Apps

21

Skyrocketing Apps

bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)

bull Downloads 6 Billion

Apps for Everything

bull Books

bull Business amp Productivity

bull Education

bull Entertainment

bull Finance

bull Games

bull Gov 20

bull Healthcare amp Fitness

bull Music

bull Navigation

bull News

bull Social Networking

bull Sports

Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices

(See Glossary pg 13)

CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces

bull Analog v Digital

bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The

Evolution of Network Capabilities

bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless

Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans

22

Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See

Glossary pg 16)

Air Interface

23

Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital

24

Understanding Air Interfaces

1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010

AMPS

TDMA

GSM

CDMA

CDPD

GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA

1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C

WiFi WiMAX

(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)

DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps

1G 2G 3G 4G

GSM

CDMA

HSPA +

DL 28 Mbps

HSUPA

DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps

(IS-136)

iDEN

(UMTS)

25G

Global Systems for Mobile Communications

(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile

Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing

(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire

DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps

OFDM

DL 192 Kbps

LTE

DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps

(80211)

DL 10-20Mbps

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular

South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon

Wireless

Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)

Original Cell Phone Licensees

Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally

25

Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF

-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps

-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps

Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence

26

Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health

2727

1G 2G

VOICE

SHORT

MESSAGE

SERVICE

(SMS)

E-MAIL

GPS-BASED

SERVICES

Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of

Network Capabilities

4G25G 3G

TAKE AND SEND

PICTURES

WEB-BROWSING

MOBILE GAMES

STREAMING

VIDEO RADIO

MOBILE APP

STORES

ADVANCED

GAMING

TELEMEDICINE

(IMAGING AND

MONITORING)

SIGNIFICANTLY

ADVANCED

SPEEDS FOR ALL

MOBILE

APPLICATIONS

28

Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung

Voice Only

Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or

Early Internet

Voice + Text + Camera or

Wireless Internet Only

Internet SocNets Apps

Music Games Video and

Wireless Broadband services Gov 20

public safety mLearning Etc

Voice + Text

Text + Voice or

Wired Internet or Wi-Fi

1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G

29

High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid

Wireless Network Rollout by County

bull 981 of the US population (gt2797

million) lived in census blocks with one or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 895 of the US population (gt2551

million) lived in census blocks with two or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 761 of the US population (gt2170

million) lived in census blocks with three or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 58 of the US population (gt1653

million) lived in census blocks with four or

more mobile broadband providers

According to the FCC as of November 2008

Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report

Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband

30

WiMax Attributes

bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of

for last 100 ft for last mile

bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles

bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9

Mbs)

bull Available Today

LTE Attributes

bullSimilar to WiMax

bullFaster download upload and lower

latency under most conditions

bullWorldwide roaming

bullExpected Deployment 2011

Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband

speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )

Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary

pg 3)

Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)

31

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Air Interface LTE Coverage Map

32

TBD

In Trials

Carriers Announcing LTE

Commitments

bull ATampT

bull Cox Communications

bull T-Mobile

bull US Cellular

bull Verizon Wireless

Data Cloud Computing

33

Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where

resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)

CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network

bull Cell Site

ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks

bull Handoff

bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

ndash Case Study Smart Grid

ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)

bull Continuous Investment

34

When you physically move from

one point to another the signal

strength of transmissions back to

the cell sitersquos tower begins to

decline

The cell site equipment notifies a

computer called the Mobile

Switching Center (MSC) that the

signal is getting weaker

The MSC then orchestrates the

passing of the call from one cell site

to another

Def Handoff

35

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

36

Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching

center (See Glossary pg 9)

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 16: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

Spectrum Licensing amp Auctions

bull Licensing prevents everyone using same frequencies at the same

time (ldquoInterferencerdquo)

bull How are Licenses Obtained

ndash Broadcast (TVRadio) were FREE

ndash Wireless (CMRS) are auctioned by FCCbull Revenue of Last 2 Commercial Wireless Auctions = $33 B

16

Def Auctions FCC method to distribute commercial wireless licenses (See Glossary pg 23)

Spectrum

17

Facilities-Based Providers

Wireless Carriers (National Regional Local)

Non-Facilities-Based Providers

Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)

Unlicensed Users

Hot Spots (Home Retail Commercial)

Other Spectrum Users

Broadcasters Satellite Defense Public Safety

Spectrum The Many Users

Spectrum Factoid Whorsquos Using It

18

Source CTIA

Government

61

Wireless

9

Unlicensed

amp

Broadcast

TV and

Radio

30

Spectrum Use amp Users

The US Government uses a majority of the available radio spectrum

between 174 MHz and 42 GHz

Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze

19

Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009

660

198

105

314350

217

Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor

20

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Data Apps

21

Skyrocketing Apps

bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)

bull Downloads 6 Billion

Apps for Everything

bull Books

bull Business amp Productivity

bull Education

bull Entertainment

bull Finance

bull Games

bull Gov 20

bull Healthcare amp Fitness

bull Music

bull Navigation

bull News

bull Social Networking

bull Sports

Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices

(See Glossary pg 13)

CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces

bull Analog v Digital

bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The

Evolution of Network Capabilities

bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless

Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans

22

Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See

Glossary pg 16)

Air Interface

23

Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital

24

Understanding Air Interfaces

1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010

AMPS

TDMA

GSM

CDMA

CDPD

GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA

1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C

WiFi WiMAX

(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)

DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps

1G 2G 3G 4G

GSM

CDMA

HSPA +

DL 28 Mbps

HSUPA

DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps

(IS-136)

iDEN

(UMTS)

25G

Global Systems for Mobile Communications

(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile

Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing

(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire

DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps

OFDM

DL 192 Kbps

LTE

DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps

(80211)

DL 10-20Mbps

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular

South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon

Wireless

Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)

Original Cell Phone Licensees

Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally

25

Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF

-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps

-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps

Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence

26

Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health

2727

1G 2G

VOICE

SHORT

MESSAGE

SERVICE

(SMS)

E-MAIL

GPS-BASED

SERVICES

Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of

Network Capabilities

4G25G 3G

TAKE AND SEND

PICTURES

WEB-BROWSING

MOBILE GAMES

STREAMING

VIDEO RADIO

MOBILE APP

STORES

ADVANCED

GAMING

TELEMEDICINE

(IMAGING AND

MONITORING)

SIGNIFICANTLY

ADVANCED

SPEEDS FOR ALL

MOBILE

APPLICATIONS

28

Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung

Voice Only

Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or

Early Internet

Voice + Text + Camera or

Wireless Internet Only

Internet SocNets Apps

Music Games Video and

Wireless Broadband services Gov 20

public safety mLearning Etc

Voice + Text

Text + Voice or

Wired Internet or Wi-Fi

1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G

29

High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid

Wireless Network Rollout by County

bull 981 of the US population (gt2797

million) lived in census blocks with one or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 895 of the US population (gt2551

million) lived in census blocks with two or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 761 of the US population (gt2170

million) lived in census blocks with three or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 58 of the US population (gt1653

million) lived in census blocks with four or

more mobile broadband providers

According to the FCC as of November 2008

Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report

Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband

30

WiMax Attributes

bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of

for last 100 ft for last mile

bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles

bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9

Mbs)

bull Available Today

LTE Attributes

bullSimilar to WiMax

bullFaster download upload and lower

latency under most conditions

bullWorldwide roaming

bullExpected Deployment 2011

Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband

speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )

Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary

pg 3)

Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)

31

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Air Interface LTE Coverage Map

32

TBD

In Trials

Carriers Announcing LTE

Commitments

bull ATampT

bull Cox Communications

bull T-Mobile

bull US Cellular

bull Verizon Wireless

Data Cloud Computing

33

Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where

resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)

CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network

bull Cell Site

ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks

bull Handoff

bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

ndash Case Study Smart Grid

ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)

bull Continuous Investment

34

When you physically move from

one point to another the signal

strength of transmissions back to

the cell sitersquos tower begins to

decline

The cell site equipment notifies a

computer called the Mobile

Switching Center (MSC) that the

signal is getting weaker

The MSC then orchestrates the

passing of the call from one cell site

to another

Def Handoff

35

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

36

Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching

center (See Glossary pg 9)

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 17: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

17

Facilities-Based Providers

Wireless Carriers (National Regional Local)

Non-Facilities-Based Providers

Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNOs)

Unlicensed Users

Hot Spots (Home Retail Commercial)

Other Spectrum Users

Broadcasters Satellite Defense Public Safety

Spectrum The Many Users

Spectrum Factoid Whorsquos Using It

18

Source CTIA

Government

61

Wireless

9

Unlicensed

amp

Broadcast

TV and

Radio

30

Spectrum Use amp Users

The US Government uses a majority of the available radio spectrum

between 174 MHz and 42 GHz

Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze

19

Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009

660

198

105

314350

217

Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor

20

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Data Apps

21

Skyrocketing Apps

bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)

bull Downloads 6 Billion

Apps for Everything

bull Books

bull Business amp Productivity

bull Education

bull Entertainment

bull Finance

bull Games

bull Gov 20

bull Healthcare amp Fitness

bull Music

bull Navigation

bull News

bull Social Networking

bull Sports

Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices

(See Glossary pg 13)

CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces

bull Analog v Digital

bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The

Evolution of Network Capabilities

bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless

Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans

22

Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See

Glossary pg 16)

Air Interface

23

Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital

24

Understanding Air Interfaces

1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010

AMPS

TDMA

GSM

CDMA

CDPD

GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA

1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C

WiFi WiMAX

(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)

DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps

1G 2G 3G 4G

GSM

CDMA

HSPA +

DL 28 Mbps

HSUPA

DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps

(IS-136)

iDEN

(UMTS)

25G

Global Systems for Mobile Communications

(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile

Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing

(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire

DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps

OFDM

DL 192 Kbps

LTE

DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps

(80211)

DL 10-20Mbps

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular

South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon

Wireless

Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)

Original Cell Phone Licensees

Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally

25

Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF

-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps

-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps

Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence

26

Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health

2727

1G 2G

VOICE

SHORT

MESSAGE

SERVICE

(SMS)

E-MAIL

GPS-BASED

SERVICES

Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of

Network Capabilities

4G25G 3G

TAKE AND SEND

PICTURES

WEB-BROWSING

MOBILE GAMES

STREAMING

VIDEO RADIO

MOBILE APP

STORES

ADVANCED

GAMING

TELEMEDICINE

(IMAGING AND

MONITORING)

SIGNIFICANTLY

ADVANCED

SPEEDS FOR ALL

MOBILE

APPLICATIONS

28

Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung

Voice Only

Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or

Early Internet

Voice + Text + Camera or

Wireless Internet Only

Internet SocNets Apps

Music Games Video and

Wireless Broadband services Gov 20

public safety mLearning Etc

Voice + Text

Text + Voice or

Wired Internet or Wi-Fi

1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G

29

High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid

Wireless Network Rollout by County

bull 981 of the US population (gt2797

million) lived in census blocks with one or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 895 of the US population (gt2551

million) lived in census blocks with two or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 761 of the US population (gt2170

million) lived in census blocks with three or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 58 of the US population (gt1653

million) lived in census blocks with four or

more mobile broadband providers

According to the FCC as of November 2008

Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report

Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband

30

WiMax Attributes

bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of

for last 100 ft for last mile

bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles

bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9

Mbs)

bull Available Today

LTE Attributes

bullSimilar to WiMax

bullFaster download upload and lower

latency under most conditions

bullWorldwide roaming

bullExpected Deployment 2011

Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband

speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )

Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary

pg 3)

Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)

31

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Air Interface LTE Coverage Map

32

TBD

In Trials

Carriers Announcing LTE

Commitments

bull ATampT

bull Cox Communications

bull T-Mobile

bull US Cellular

bull Verizon Wireless

Data Cloud Computing

33

Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where

resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)

CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network

bull Cell Site

ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks

bull Handoff

bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

ndash Case Study Smart Grid

ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)

bull Continuous Investment

34

When you physically move from

one point to another the signal

strength of transmissions back to

the cell sitersquos tower begins to

decline

The cell site equipment notifies a

computer called the Mobile

Switching Center (MSC) that the

signal is getting weaker

The MSC then orchestrates the

passing of the call from one cell site

to another

Def Handoff

35

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

36

Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching

center (See Glossary pg 9)

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 18: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

Spectrum Factoid Whorsquos Using It

18

Source CTIA

Government

61

Wireless

9

Unlicensed

amp

Broadcast

TV and

Radio

30

Spectrum Use amp Users

The US Government uses a majority of the available radio spectrum

between 174 MHz and 42 GHz

Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze

19

Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009

660

198

105

314350

217

Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor

20

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Data Apps

21

Skyrocketing Apps

bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)

bull Downloads 6 Billion

Apps for Everything

bull Books

bull Business amp Productivity

bull Education

bull Entertainment

bull Finance

bull Games

bull Gov 20

bull Healthcare amp Fitness

bull Music

bull Navigation

bull News

bull Social Networking

bull Sports

Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices

(See Glossary pg 13)

CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces

bull Analog v Digital

bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The

Evolution of Network Capabilities

bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless

Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans

22

Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See

Glossary pg 16)

Air Interface

23

Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital

24

Understanding Air Interfaces

1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010

AMPS

TDMA

GSM

CDMA

CDPD

GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA

1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C

WiFi WiMAX

(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)

DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps

1G 2G 3G 4G

GSM

CDMA

HSPA +

DL 28 Mbps

HSUPA

DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps

(IS-136)

iDEN

(UMTS)

25G

Global Systems for Mobile Communications

(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile

Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing

(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire

DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps

OFDM

DL 192 Kbps

LTE

DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps

(80211)

DL 10-20Mbps

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular

South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon

Wireless

Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)

Original Cell Phone Licensees

Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally

25

Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF

-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps

-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps

Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence

26

Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health

2727

1G 2G

VOICE

SHORT

MESSAGE

SERVICE

(SMS)

E-MAIL

GPS-BASED

SERVICES

Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of

Network Capabilities

4G25G 3G

TAKE AND SEND

PICTURES

WEB-BROWSING

MOBILE GAMES

STREAMING

VIDEO RADIO

MOBILE APP

STORES

ADVANCED

GAMING

TELEMEDICINE

(IMAGING AND

MONITORING)

SIGNIFICANTLY

ADVANCED

SPEEDS FOR ALL

MOBILE

APPLICATIONS

28

Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung

Voice Only

Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or

Early Internet

Voice + Text + Camera or

Wireless Internet Only

Internet SocNets Apps

Music Games Video and

Wireless Broadband services Gov 20

public safety mLearning Etc

Voice + Text

Text + Voice or

Wired Internet or Wi-Fi

1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G

29

High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid

Wireless Network Rollout by County

bull 981 of the US population (gt2797

million) lived in census blocks with one or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 895 of the US population (gt2551

million) lived in census blocks with two or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 761 of the US population (gt2170

million) lived in census blocks with three or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 58 of the US population (gt1653

million) lived in census blocks with four or

more mobile broadband providers

According to the FCC as of November 2008

Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report

Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband

30

WiMax Attributes

bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of

for last 100 ft for last mile

bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles

bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9

Mbs)

bull Available Today

LTE Attributes

bullSimilar to WiMax

bullFaster download upload and lower

latency under most conditions

bullWorldwide roaming

bullExpected Deployment 2011

Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband

speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )

Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary

pg 3)

Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)

31

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Air Interface LTE Coverage Map

32

TBD

In Trials

Carriers Announcing LTE

Commitments

bull ATampT

bull Cox Communications

bull T-Mobile

bull US Cellular

bull Verizon Wireless

Data Cloud Computing

33

Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where

resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)

CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network

bull Cell Site

ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks

bull Handoff

bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

ndash Case Study Smart Grid

ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)

bull Continuous Investment

34

When you physically move from

one point to another the signal

strength of transmissions back to

the cell sitersquos tower begins to

decline

The cell site equipment notifies a

computer called the Mobile

Switching Center (MSC) that the

signal is getting weaker

The MSC then orchestrates the

passing of the call from one cell site

to another

Def Handoff

35

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

36

Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching

center (See Glossary pg 9)

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 19: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

Spectrum The US Spectrum Squeeze

19

Source CTIA Research Merrill Lynch Global Wireless Matrix 2Q 2009

660

198

105

314350

217

Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor

20

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Data Apps

21

Skyrocketing Apps

bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)

bull Downloads 6 Billion

Apps for Everything

bull Books

bull Business amp Productivity

bull Education

bull Entertainment

bull Finance

bull Games

bull Gov 20

bull Healthcare amp Fitness

bull Music

bull Navigation

bull News

bull Social Networking

bull Sports

Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices

(See Glossary pg 13)

CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces

bull Analog v Digital

bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The

Evolution of Network Capabilities

bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless

Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans

22

Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See

Glossary pg 16)

Air Interface

23

Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital

24

Understanding Air Interfaces

1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010

AMPS

TDMA

GSM

CDMA

CDPD

GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA

1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C

WiFi WiMAX

(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)

DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps

1G 2G 3G 4G

GSM

CDMA

HSPA +

DL 28 Mbps

HSUPA

DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps

(IS-136)

iDEN

(UMTS)

25G

Global Systems for Mobile Communications

(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile

Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing

(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire

DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps

OFDM

DL 192 Kbps

LTE

DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps

(80211)

DL 10-20Mbps

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular

South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon

Wireless

Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)

Original Cell Phone Licensees

Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally

25

Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF

-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps

-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps

Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence

26

Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health

2727

1G 2G

VOICE

SHORT

MESSAGE

SERVICE

(SMS)

E-MAIL

GPS-BASED

SERVICES

Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of

Network Capabilities

4G25G 3G

TAKE AND SEND

PICTURES

WEB-BROWSING

MOBILE GAMES

STREAMING

VIDEO RADIO

MOBILE APP

STORES

ADVANCED

GAMING

TELEMEDICINE

(IMAGING AND

MONITORING)

SIGNIFICANTLY

ADVANCED

SPEEDS FOR ALL

MOBILE

APPLICATIONS

28

Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung

Voice Only

Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or

Early Internet

Voice + Text + Camera or

Wireless Internet Only

Internet SocNets Apps

Music Games Video and

Wireless Broadband services Gov 20

public safety mLearning Etc

Voice + Text

Text + Voice or

Wired Internet or Wi-Fi

1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G

29

High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid

Wireless Network Rollout by County

bull 981 of the US population (gt2797

million) lived in census blocks with one or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 895 of the US population (gt2551

million) lived in census blocks with two or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 761 of the US population (gt2170

million) lived in census blocks with three or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 58 of the US population (gt1653

million) lived in census blocks with four or

more mobile broadband providers

According to the FCC as of November 2008

Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report

Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband

30

WiMax Attributes

bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of

for last 100 ft for last mile

bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles

bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9

Mbs)

bull Available Today

LTE Attributes

bullSimilar to WiMax

bullFaster download upload and lower

latency under most conditions

bullWorldwide roaming

bullExpected Deployment 2011

Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband

speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )

Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary

pg 3)

Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)

31

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Air Interface LTE Coverage Map

32

TBD

In Trials

Carriers Announcing LTE

Commitments

bull ATampT

bull Cox Communications

bull T-Mobile

bull US Cellular

bull Verizon Wireless

Data Cloud Computing

33

Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where

resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)

CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network

bull Cell Site

ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks

bull Handoff

bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

ndash Case Study Smart Grid

ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)

bull Continuous Investment

34

When you physically move from

one point to another the signal

strength of transmissions back to

the cell sitersquos tower begins to

decline

The cell site equipment notifies a

computer called the Mobile

Switching Center (MSC) that the

signal is getting weaker

The MSC then orchestrates the

passing of the call from one cell site

to another

Def Handoff

35

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

36

Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching

center (See Glossary pg 9)

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 20: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

Data Factoid Mobile Traffic hellipThe ldquoXrdquo Factor

20

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Data Apps

21

Skyrocketing Apps

bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)

bull Downloads 6 Billion

Apps for Everything

bull Books

bull Business amp Productivity

bull Education

bull Entertainment

bull Finance

bull Games

bull Gov 20

bull Healthcare amp Fitness

bull Music

bull Navigation

bull News

bull Social Networking

bull Sports

Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices

(See Glossary pg 13)

CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces

bull Analog v Digital

bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The

Evolution of Network Capabilities

bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless

Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans

22

Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See

Glossary pg 16)

Air Interface

23

Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital

24

Understanding Air Interfaces

1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010

AMPS

TDMA

GSM

CDMA

CDPD

GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA

1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C

WiFi WiMAX

(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)

DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps

1G 2G 3G 4G

GSM

CDMA

HSPA +

DL 28 Mbps

HSUPA

DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps

(IS-136)

iDEN

(UMTS)

25G

Global Systems for Mobile Communications

(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile

Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing

(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire

DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps

OFDM

DL 192 Kbps

LTE

DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps

(80211)

DL 10-20Mbps

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular

South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon

Wireless

Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)

Original Cell Phone Licensees

Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally

25

Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF

-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps

-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps

Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence

26

Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health

2727

1G 2G

VOICE

SHORT

MESSAGE

SERVICE

(SMS)

E-MAIL

GPS-BASED

SERVICES

Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of

Network Capabilities

4G25G 3G

TAKE AND SEND

PICTURES

WEB-BROWSING

MOBILE GAMES

STREAMING

VIDEO RADIO

MOBILE APP

STORES

ADVANCED

GAMING

TELEMEDICINE

(IMAGING AND

MONITORING)

SIGNIFICANTLY

ADVANCED

SPEEDS FOR ALL

MOBILE

APPLICATIONS

28

Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung

Voice Only

Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or

Early Internet

Voice + Text + Camera or

Wireless Internet Only

Internet SocNets Apps

Music Games Video and

Wireless Broadband services Gov 20

public safety mLearning Etc

Voice + Text

Text + Voice or

Wired Internet or Wi-Fi

1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G

29

High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid

Wireless Network Rollout by County

bull 981 of the US population (gt2797

million) lived in census blocks with one or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 895 of the US population (gt2551

million) lived in census blocks with two or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 761 of the US population (gt2170

million) lived in census blocks with three or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 58 of the US population (gt1653

million) lived in census blocks with four or

more mobile broadband providers

According to the FCC as of November 2008

Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report

Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband

30

WiMax Attributes

bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of

for last 100 ft for last mile

bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles

bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9

Mbs)

bull Available Today

LTE Attributes

bullSimilar to WiMax

bullFaster download upload and lower

latency under most conditions

bullWorldwide roaming

bullExpected Deployment 2011

Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband

speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )

Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary

pg 3)

Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)

31

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Air Interface LTE Coverage Map

32

TBD

In Trials

Carriers Announcing LTE

Commitments

bull ATampT

bull Cox Communications

bull T-Mobile

bull US Cellular

bull Verizon Wireless

Data Cloud Computing

33

Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where

resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)

CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network

bull Cell Site

ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks

bull Handoff

bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

ndash Case Study Smart Grid

ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)

bull Continuous Investment

34

When you physically move from

one point to another the signal

strength of transmissions back to

the cell sitersquos tower begins to

decline

The cell site equipment notifies a

computer called the Mobile

Switching Center (MSC) that the

signal is getting weaker

The MSC then orchestrates the

passing of the call from one cell site

to another

Def Handoff

35

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

36

Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching

center (See Glossary pg 9)

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 21: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

Data Apps

21

Skyrocketing Apps

bull Available 300000 (Only 130000 in 2009)

bull Downloads 6 Billion

Apps for Everything

bull Books

bull Business amp Productivity

bull Education

bull Entertainment

bull Finance

bull Games

bull Gov 20

bull Healthcare amp Fitness

bull Music

bull Navigation

bull News

bull Social Networking

bull Sports

Def Applications (Apps) Any third-party software that can run on wireless devices

(See Glossary pg 13)

CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces

bull Analog v Digital

bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The

Evolution of Network Capabilities

bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless

Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans

22

Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See

Glossary pg 16)

Air Interface

23

Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital

24

Understanding Air Interfaces

1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010

AMPS

TDMA

GSM

CDMA

CDPD

GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA

1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C

WiFi WiMAX

(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)

DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps

1G 2G 3G 4G

GSM

CDMA

HSPA +

DL 28 Mbps

HSUPA

DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps

(IS-136)

iDEN

(UMTS)

25G

Global Systems for Mobile Communications

(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile

Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing

(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire

DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps

OFDM

DL 192 Kbps

LTE

DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps

(80211)

DL 10-20Mbps

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular

South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon

Wireless

Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)

Original Cell Phone Licensees

Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally

25

Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF

-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps

-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps

Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence

26

Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health

2727

1G 2G

VOICE

SHORT

MESSAGE

SERVICE

(SMS)

E-MAIL

GPS-BASED

SERVICES

Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of

Network Capabilities

4G25G 3G

TAKE AND SEND

PICTURES

WEB-BROWSING

MOBILE GAMES

STREAMING

VIDEO RADIO

MOBILE APP

STORES

ADVANCED

GAMING

TELEMEDICINE

(IMAGING AND

MONITORING)

SIGNIFICANTLY

ADVANCED

SPEEDS FOR ALL

MOBILE

APPLICATIONS

28

Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung

Voice Only

Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or

Early Internet

Voice + Text + Camera or

Wireless Internet Only

Internet SocNets Apps

Music Games Video and

Wireless Broadband services Gov 20

public safety mLearning Etc

Voice + Text

Text + Voice or

Wired Internet or Wi-Fi

1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G

29

High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid

Wireless Network Rollout by County

bull 981 of the US population (gt2797

million) lived in census blocks with one or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 895 of the US population (gt2551

million) lived in census blocks with two or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 761 of the US population (gt2170

million) lived in census blocks with three or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 58 of the US population (gt1653

million) lived in census blocks with four or

more mobile broadband providers

According to the FCC as of November 2008

Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report

Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband

30

WiMax Attributes

bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of

for last 100 ft for last mile

bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles

bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9

Mbs)

bull Available Today

LTE Attributes

bullSimilar to WiMax

bullFaster download upload and lower

latency under most conditions

bullWorldwide roaming

bullExpected Deployment 2011

Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband

speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )

Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary

pg 3)

Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)

31

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Air Interface LTE Coverage Map

32

TBD

In Trials

Carriers Announcing LTE

Commitments

bull ATampT

bull Cox Communications

bull T-Mobile

bull US Cellular

bull Verizon Wireless

Data Cloud Computing

33

Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where

resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)

CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network

bull Cell Site

ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks

bull Handoff

bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

ndash Case Study Smart Grid

ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)

bull Continuous Investment

34

When you physically move from

one point to another the signal

strength of transmissions back to

the cell sitersquos tower begins to

decline

The cell site equipment notifies a

computer called the Mobile

Switching Center (MSC) that the

signal is getting weaker

The MSC then orchestrates the

passing of the call from one cell site

to another

Def Handoff

35

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

36

Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching

center (See Glossary pg 9)

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 22: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

CHAPTER 3Wireless 101 Air Interfaces

bull Analog v Digital

bull What are Air Interfacesndash What does that meanhellipreallyndash Another Way to Look at It ndash The

Evolution of Network Capabilities

bull 4G Mobile Broadbandndash Current High-Speed Wireless

Coveragendash WiMax Coveragendash LTE Plans

22

Def Air Interface The operating system of a wireless network eg CDMA GSM (See

Glossary pg 16)

Air Interface

23

Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital

24

Understanding Air Interfaces

1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010

AMPS

TDMA

GSM

CDMA

CDPD

GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA

1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C

WiFi WiMAX

(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)

DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps

1G 2G 3G 4G

GSM

CDMA

HSPA +

DL 28 Mbps

HSUPA

DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps

(IS-136)

iDEN

(UMTS)

25G

Global Systems for Mobile Communications

(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile

Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing

(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire

DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps

OFDM

DL 192 Kbps

LTE

DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps

(80211)

DL 10-20Mbps

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular

South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon

Wireless

Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)

Original Cell Phone Licensees

Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally

25

Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF

-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps

-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps

Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence

26

Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health

2727

1G 2G

VOICE

SHORT

MESSAGE

SERVICE

(SMS)

E-MAIL

GPS-BASED

SERVICES

Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of

Network Capabilities

4G25G 3G

TAKE AND SEND

PICTURES

WEB-BROWSING

MOBILE GAMES

STREAMING

VIDEO RADIO

MOBILE APP

STORES

ADVANCED

GAMING

TELEMEDICINE

(IMAGING AND

MONITORING)

SIGNIFICANTLY

ADVANCED

SPEEDS FOR ALL

MOBILE

APPLICATIONS

28

Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung

Voice Only

Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or

Early Internet

Voice + Text + Camera or

Wireless Internet Only

Internet SocNets Apps

Music Games Video and

Wireless Broadband services Gov 20

public safety mLearning Etc

Voice + Text

Text + Voice or

Wired Internet or Wi-Fi

1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G

29

High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid

Wireless Network Rollout by County

bull 981 of the US population (gt2797

million) lived in census blocks with one or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 895 of the US population (gt2551

million) lived in census blocks with two or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 761 of the US population (gt2170

million) lived in census blocks with three or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 58 of the US population (gt1653

million) lived in census blocks with four or

more mobile broadband providers

According to the FCC as of November 2008

Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report

Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband

30

WiMax Attributes

bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of

for last 100 ft for last mile

bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles

bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9

Mbs)

bull Available Today

LTE Attributes

bullSimilar to WiMax

bullFaster download upload and lower

latency under most conditions

bullWorldwide roaming

bullExpected Deployment 2011

Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband

speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )

Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary

pg 3)

Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)

31

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Air Interface LTE Coverage Map

32

TBD

In Trials

Carriers Announcing LTE

Commitments

bull ATampT

bull Cox Communications

bull T-Mobile

bull US Cellular

bull Verizon Wireless

Data Cloud Computing

33

Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where

resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)

CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network

bull Cell Site

ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks

bull Handoff

bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

ndash Case Study Smart Grid

ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)

bull Continuous Investment

34

When you physically move from

one point to another the signal

strength of transmissions back to

the cell sitersquos tower begins to

decline

The cell site equipment notifies a

computer called the Mobile

Switching Center (MSC) that the

signal is getting weaker

The MSC then orchestrates the

passing of the call from one cell site

to another

Def Handoff

35

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

36

Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching

center (See Glossary pg 9)

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 23: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

23

Air Interfaces Analog vs Digital

24

Understanding Air Interfaces

1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010

AMPS

TDMA

GSM

CDMA

CDPD

GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA

1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C

WiFi WiMAX

(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)

DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps

1G 2G 3G 4G

GSM

CDMA

HSPA +

DL 28 Mbps

HSUPA

DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps

(IS-136)

iDEN

(UMTS)

25G

Global Systems for Mobile Communications

(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile

Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing

(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire

DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps

OFDM

DL 192 Kbps

LTE

DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps

(80211)

DL 10-20Mbps

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular

South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon

Wireless

Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)

Original Cell Phone Licensees

Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally

25

Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF

-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps

-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps

Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence

26

Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health

2727

1G 2G

VOICE

SHORT

MESSAGE

SERVICE

(SMS)

E-MAIL

GPS-BASED

SERVICES

Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of

Network Capabilities

4G25G 3G

TAKE AND SEND

PICTURES

WEB-BROWSING

MOBILE GAMES

STREAMING

VIDEO RADIO

MOBILE APP

STORES

ADVANCED

GAMING

TELEMEDICINE

(IMAGING AND

MONITORING)

SIGNIFICANTLY

ADVANCED

SPEEDS FOR ALL

MOBILE

APPLICATIONS

28

Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung

Voice Only

Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or

Early Internet

Voice + Text + Camera or

Wireless Internet Only

Internet SocNets Apps

Music Games Video and

Wireless Broadband services Gov 20

public safety mLearning Etc

Voice + Text

Text + Voice or

Wired Internet or Wi-Fi

1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G

29

High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid

Wireless Network Rollout by County

bull 981 of the US population (gt2797

million) lived in census blocks with one or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 895 of the US population (gt2551

million) lived in census blocks with two or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 761 of the US population (gt2170

million) lived in census blocks with three or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 58 of the US population (gt1653

million) lived in census blocks with four or

more mobile broadband providers

According to the FCC as of November 2008

Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report

Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband

30

WiMax Attributes

bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of

for last 100 ft for last mile

bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles

bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9

Mbs)

bull Available Today

LTE Attributes

bullSimilar to WiMax

bullFaster download upload and lower

latency under most conditions

bullWorldwide roaming

bullExpected Deployment 2011

Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband

speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )

Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary

pg 3)

Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)

31

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Air Interface LTE Coverage Map

32

TBD

In Trials

Carriers Announcing LTE

Commitments

bull ATampT

bull Cox Communications

bull T-Mobile

bull US Cellular

bull Verizon Wireless

Data Cloud Computing

33

Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where

resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)

CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network

bull Cell Site

ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks

bull Handoff

bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

ndash Case Study Smart Grid

ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)

bull Continuous Investment

34

When you physically move from

one point to another the signal

strength of transmissions back to

the cell sitersquos tower begins to

decline

The cell site equipment notifies a

computer called the Mobile

Switching Center (MSC) that the

signal is getting weaker

The MSC then orchestrates the

passing of the call from one cell site

to another

Def Handoff

35

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

36

Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching

center (See Glossary pg 9)

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 24: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

24

Understanding Air Interfaces

1983 1993 1995 2000 2005 2006 2008 2010

AMPS

TDMA

GSM

CDMA

CDPD

GPRS EDGE W-CDMA HSDPA

1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A EVDO Rev B EVDO Rev C

WiFi WiMAX

(IS-95A)CDMA(IS-95B)

DL 144 Kbps DL 1152 Kbps DL 3672 Kbps DL 24 Mbps DL 31 Mbps DL 147 Mbps DL 100 Mbps

1G 2G 3G 4G

GSM

CDMA

HSPA +

DL 28 Mbps

HSUPA

DL 144 MbpsDL 144 MbpsDL 474 Kbps

(IS-136)

iDEN

(UMTS)

25G

Global Systems for Mobile Communications

(GSM) ATampT GCI Wireless T-Mobile

Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing

(OFDM) Sprint ClearWire

DL 171 KbpsDL 144 Kbps

OFDM

DL 192 Kbps

LTE

DL 100 MbpsDL 20-40Mbps

(80211)

DL 10-20Mbps

Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) Cellular

South MetroPCS Sprint US Cellular Verizon

Wireless

Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS)

Original Cell Phone Licensees

Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally

25

Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF

-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps

-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps

Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence

26

Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health

2727

1G 2G

VOICE

SHORT

MESSAGE

SERVICE

(SMS)

E-MAIL

GPS-BASED

SERVICES

Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of

Network Capabilities

4G25G 3G

TAKE AND SEND

PICTURES

WEB-BROWSING

MOBILE GAMES

STREAMING

VIDEO RADIO

MOBILE APP

STORES

ADVANCED

GAMING

TELEMEDICINE

(IMAGING AND

MONITORING)

SIGNIFICANTLY

ADVANCED

SPEEDS FOR ALL

MOBILE

APPLICATIONS

28

Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung

Voice Only

Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or

Early Internet

Voice + Text + Camera or

Wireless Internet Only

Internet SocNets Apps

Music Games Video and

Wireless Broadband services Gov 20

public safety mLearning Etc

Voice + Text

Text + Voice or

Wired Internet or Wi-Fi

1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G

29

High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid

Wireless Network Rollout by County

bull 981 of the US population (gt2797

million) lived in census blocks with one or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 895 of the US population (gt2551

million) lived in census blocks with two or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 761 of the US population (gt2170

million) lived in census blocks with three or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 58 of the US population (gt1653

million) lived in census blocks with four or

more mobile broadband providers

According to the FCC as of November 2008

Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report

Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband

30

WiMax Attributes

bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of

for last 100 ft for last mile

bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles

bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9

Mbs)

bull Available Today

LTE Attributes

bullSimilar to WiMax

bullFaster download upload and lower

latency under most conditions

bullWorldwide roaming

bullExpected Deployment 2011

Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband

speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )

Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary

pg 3)

Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)

31

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Air Interface LTE Coverage Map

32

TBD

In Trials

Carriers Announcing LTE

Commitments

bull ATampT

bull Cox Communications

bull T-Mobile

bull US Cellular

bull Verizon Wireless

Data Cloud Computing

33

Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where

resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)

CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network

bull Cell Site

ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks

bull Handoff

bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

ndash Case Study Smart Grid

ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)

bull Continuous Investment

34

When you physically move from

one point to another the signal

strength of transmissions back to

the cell sitersquos tower begins to

decline

The cell site equipment notifies a

computer called the Mobile

Switching Center (MSC) that the

signal is getting weaker

The MSC then orchestrates the

passing of the call from one cell site

to another

Def Handoff

35

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

36

Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching

center (See Glossary pg 9)

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 25: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

Air Interface What does that meanhellipreally

25

Sources Rob Atkinson ITIF

-60 ndash 80 Kbps -600 Kbps ndash 11 Mbps 5 ndash 12 Mbps

-60 ndash 80 kbps 500 ndash 800Kbps 2 ndash 5 Mbps

Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence

26

Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health

2727

1G 2G

VOICE

SHORT

MESSAGE

SERVICE

(SMS)

E-MAIL

GPS-BASED

SERVICES

Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of

Network Capabilities

4G25G 3G

TAKE AND SEND

PICTURES

WEB-BROWSING

MOBILE GAMES

STREAMING

VIDEO RADIO

MOBILE APP

STORES

ADVANCED

GAMING

TELEMEDICINE

(IMAGING AND

MONITORING)

SIGNIFICANTLY

ADVANCED

SPEEDS FOR ALL

MOBILE

APPLICATIONS

28

Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung

Voice Only

Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or

Early Internet

Voice + Text + Camera or

Wireless Internet Only

Internet SocNets Apps

Music Games Video and

Wireless Broadband services Gov 20

public safety mLearning Etc

Voice + Text

Text + Voice or

Wired Internet or Wi-Fi

1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G

29

High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid

Wireless Network Rollout by County

bull 981 of the US population (gt2797

million) lived in census blocks with one or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 895 of the US population (gt2551

million) lived in census blocks with two or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 761 of the US population (gt2170

million) lived in census blocks with three or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 58 of the US population (gt1653

million) lived in census blocks with four or

more mobile broadband providers

According to the FCC as of November 2008

Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report

Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband

30

WiMax Attributes

bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of

for last 100 ft for last mile

bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles

bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9

Mbs)

bull Available Today

LTE Attributes

bullSimilar to WiMax

bullFaster download upload and lower

latency under most conditions

bullWorldwide roaming

bullExpected Deployment 2011

Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband

speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )

Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary

pg 3)

Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)

31

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Air Interface LTE Coverage Map

32

TBD

In Trials

Carriers Announcing LTE

Commitments

bull ATampT

bull Cox Communications

bull T-Mobile

bull US Cellular

bull Verizon Wireless

Data Cloud Computing

33

Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where

resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)

CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network

bull Cell Site

ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks

bull Handoff

bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

ndash Case Study Smart Grid

ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)

bull Continuous Investment

34

When you physically move from

one point to another the signal

strength of transmissions back to

the cell sitersquos tower begins to

decline

The cell site equipment notifies a

computer called the Mobile

Switching Center (MSC) that the

signal is getting weaker

The MSC then orchestrates the

passing of the call from one cell site

to another

Def Handoff

35

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

36

Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching

center (See Glossary pg 9)

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 26: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

Faster Speeds allows for more Convergence

26

Mobile Banking Communication Mobile Learning Mobile Health

2727

1G 2G

VOICE

SHORT

MESSAGE

SERVICE

(SMS)

E-MAIL

GPS-BASED

SERVICES

Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of

Network Capabilities

4G25G 3G

TAKE AND SEND

PICTURES

WEB-BROWSING

MOBILE GAMES

STREAMING

VIDEO RADIO

MOBILE APP

STORES

ADVANCED

GAMING

TELEMEDICINE

(IMAGING AND

MONITORING)

SIGNIFICANTLY

ADVANCED

SPEEDS FOR ALL

MOBILE

APPLICATIONS

28

Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung

Voice Only

Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or

Early Internet

Voice + Text + Camera or

Wireless Internet Only

Internet SocNets Apps

Music Games Video and

Wireless Broadband services Gov 20

public safety mLearning Etc

Voice + Text

Text + Voice or

Wired Internet or Wi-Fi

1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G

29

High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid

Wireless Network Rollout by County

bull 981 of the US population (gt2797

million) lived in census blocks with one or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 895 of the US population (gt2551

million) lived in census blocks with two or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 761 of the US population (gt2170

million) lived in census blocks with three or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 58 of the US population (gt1653

million) lived in census blocks with four or

more mobile broadband providers

According to the FCC as of November 2008

Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report

Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband

30

WiMax Attributes

bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of

for last 100 ft for last mile

bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles

bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9

Mbs)

bull Available Today

LTE Attributes

bullSimilar to WiMax

bullFaster download upload and lower

latency under most conditions

bullWorldwide roaming

bullExpected Deployment 2011

Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband

speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )

Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary

pg 3)

Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)

31

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Air Interface LTE Coverage Map

32

TBD

In Trials

Carriers Announcing LTE

Commitments

bull ATampT

bull Cox Communications

bull T-Mobile

bull US Cellular

bull Verizon Wireless

Data Cloud Computing

33

Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where

resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)

CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network

bull Cell Site

ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks

bull Handoff

bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

ndash Case Study Smart Grid

ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)

bull Continuous Investment

34

When you physically move from

one point to another the signal

strength of transmissions back to

the cell sitersquos tower begins to

decline

The cell site equipment notifies a

computer called the Mobile

Switching Center (MSC) that the

signal is getting weaker

The MSC then orchestrates the

passing of the call from one cell site

to another

Def Handoff

35

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

36

Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching

center (See Glossary pg 9)

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 27: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

2727

1G 2G

VOICE

SHORT

MESSAGE

SERVICE

(SMS)

E-MAIL

GPS-BASED

SERVICES

Air Interface Another Way to Think About IthellipThe Evolution of

Network Capabilities

4G25G 3G

TAKE AND SEND

PICTURES

WEB-BROWSING

MOBILE GAMES

STREAMING

VIDEO RADIO

MOBILE APP

STORES

ADVANCED

GAMING

TELEMEDICINE

(IMAGING AND

MONITORING)

SIGNIFICANTLY

ADVANCED

SPEEDS FOR ALL

MOBILE

APPLICATIONS

28

Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung

Voice Only

Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or

Early Internet

Voice + Text + Camera or

Wireless Internet Only

Internet SocNets Apps

Music Games Video and

Wireless Broadband services Gov 20

public safety mLearning Etc

Voice + Text

Text + Voice or

Wired Internet or Wi-Fi

1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G

29

High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid

Wireless Network Rollout by County

bull 981 of the US population (gt2797

million) lived in census blocks with one or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 895 of the US population (gt2551

million) lived in census blocks with two or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 761 of the US population (gt2170

million) lived in census blocks with three or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 58 of the US population (gt1653

million) lived in census blocks with four or

more mobile broadband providers

According to the FCC as of November 2008

Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report

Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband

30

WiMax Attributes

bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of

for last 100 ft for last mile

bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles

bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9

Mbs)

bull Available Today

LTE Attributes

bullSimilar to WiMax

bullFaster download upload and lower

latency under most conditions

bullWorldwide roaming

bullExpected Deployment 2011

Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband

speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )

Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary

pg 3)

Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)

31

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Air Interface LTE Coverage Map

32

TBD

In Trials

Carriers Announcing LTE

Commitments

bull ATampT

bull Cox Communications

bull T-Mobile

bull US Cellular

bull Verizon Wireless

Data Cloud Computing

33

Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where

resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)

CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network

bull Cell Site

ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks

bull Handoff

bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

ndash Case Study Smart Grid

ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)

bull Continuous Investment

34

When you physically move from

one point to another the signal

strength of transmissions back to

the cell sitersquos tower begins to

decline

The cell site equipment notifies a

computer called the Mobile

Switching Center (MSC) that the

signal is getting weaker

The MSC then orchestrates the

passing of the call from one cell site

to another

Def Handoff

35

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

36

Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching

center (See Glossary pg 9)

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 28: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

28

Handsets ldquoBrickrdquo to BroadbandhellipInnovation

Image Source BlackBerryreg CTIA HTC Modem Image taken by Douglas Whitaker posted to Wikipediaorg Motorola Samsung

Voice Only

Text Only (E-Mail Pagers) or

Early Internet

Voice + Text + Camera or

Wireless Internet Only

Internet SocNets Apps

Music Games Video and

Wireless Broadband services Gov 20

public safety mLearning Etc

Voice + Text

Text + Voice or

Wired Internet or Wi-Fi

1G 2G 3G Next Gen4G

29

High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid

Wireless Network Rollout by County

bull 981 of the US population (gt2797

million) lived in census blocks with one or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 895 of the US population (gt2551

million) lived in census blocks with two or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 761 of the US population (gt2170

million) lived in census blocks with three or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 58 of the US population (gt1653

million) lived in census blocks with four or

more mobile broadband providers

According to the FCC as of November 2008

Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report

Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband

30

WiMax Attributes

bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of

for last 100 ft for last mile

bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles

bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9

Mbs)

bull Available Today

LTE Attributes

bullSimilar to WiMax

bullFaster download upload and lower

latency under most conditions

bullWorldwide roaming

bullExpected Deployment 2011

Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband

speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )

Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary

pg 3)

Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)

31

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Air Interface LTE Coverage Map

32

TBD

In Trials

Carriers Announcing LTE

Commitments

bull ATampT

bull Cox Communications

bull T-Mobile

bull US Cellular

bull Verizon Wireless

Data Cloud Computing

33

Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where

resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)

CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network

bull Cell Site

ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks

bull Handoff

bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

ndash Case Study Smart Grid

ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)

bull Continuous Investment

34

When you physically move from

one point to another the signal

strength of transmissions back to

the cell sitersquos tower begins to

decline

The cell site equipment notifies a

computer called the Mobile

Switching Center (MSC) that the

signal is getting weaker

The MSC then orchestrates the

passing of the call from one cell site

to another

Def Handoff

35

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

36

Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching

center (See Glossary pg 9)

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 29: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

29

High-Speed Wireless Coverage Factoid

Wireless Network Rollout by County

bull 981 of the US population (gt2797

million) lived in census blocks with one or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 895 of the US population (gt2551

million) lived in census blocks with two or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 761 of the US population (gt2170

million) lived in census blocks with three or

more mobile broadband providers

bull 58 of the US population (gt1653

million) lived in census blocks with four or

more mobile broadband providers

According to the FCC as of November 2008

Source FCC 14th CMRS Competition Report

Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband

30

WiMax Attributes

bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of

for last 100 ft for last mile

bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles

bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9

Mbs)

bull Available Today

LTE Attributes

bullSimilar to WiMax

bullFaster download upload and lower

latency under most conditions

bullWorldwide roaming

bullExpected Deployment 2011

Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband

speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )

Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary

pg 3)

Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)

31

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Air Interface LTE Coverage Map

32

TBD

In Trials

Carriers Announcing LTE

Commitments

bull ATampT

bull Cox Communications

bull T-Mobile

bull US Cellular

bull Verizon Wireless

Data Cloud Computing

33

Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where

resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)

CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network

bull Cell Site

ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks

bull Handoff

bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

ndash Case Study Smart Grid

ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)

bull Continuous Investment

34

When you physically move from

one point to another the signal

strength of transmissions back to

the cell sitersquos tower begins to

decline

The cell site equipment notifies a

computer called the Mobile

Switching Center (MSC) that the

signal is getting weaker

The MSC then orchestrates the

passing of the call from one cell site

to another

Def Handoff

35

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

36

Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching

center (See Glossary pg 9)

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 30: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

Air Interface 4G Mobile Broadband

30

WiMax Attributes

bull Comparable to Wi-Fireg but instead of

for last 100 ft for last mile

bullCoverage ndash up to 31 sq miles

bullSpeed ndash up to 75 Mbs (real world ~9

Mbs)

bull Available Today

LTE Attributes

bullSimilar to WiMax

bullFaster download upload and lower

latency under most conditions

bullWorldwide roaming

bullExpected Deployment 2011

Def WiMax a wireless technology providing wide area connectivity for fixed wireless access at broadband

speeds (See Glossary pg 3 )

Def LTE Designated standard for 3G services designed for increased speeds and capacity (See Glossary

pg 3)

Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)

31

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Air Interface LTE Coverage Map

32

TBD

In Trials

Carriers Announcing LTE

Commitments

bull ATampT

bull Cox Communications

bull T-Mobile

bull US Cellular

bull Verizon Wireless

Data Cloud Computing

33

Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where

resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)

CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network

bull Cell Site

ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks

bull Handoff

bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

ndash Case Study Smart Grid

ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)

bull Continuous Investment

34

When you physically move from

one point to another the signal

strength of transmissions back to

the cell sitersquos tower begins to

decline

The cell site equipment notifies a

computer called the Mobile

Switching Center (MSC) that the

signal is getting weaker

The MSC then orchestrates the

passing of the call from one cell site

to another

Def Handoff

35

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

36

Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching

center (See Glossary pg 9)

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 31: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

Air Interface WiMax Coverage Map (Clearwire)

31

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF

Air Interface LTE Coverage Map

32

TBD

In Trials

Carriers Announcing LTE

Commitments

bull ATampT

bull Cox Communications

bull T-Mobile

bull US Cellular

bull Verizon Wireless

Data Cloud Computing

33

Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where

resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)

CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network

bull Cell Site

ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks

bull Handoff

bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

ndash Case Study Smart Grid

ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)

bull Continuous Investment

34

When you physically move from

one point to another the signal

strength of transmissions back to

the cell sitersquos tower begins to

decline

The cell site equipment notifies a

computer called the Mobile

Switching Center (MSC) that the

signal is getting weaker

The MSC then orchestrates the

passing of the call from one cell site

to another

Def Handoff

35

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

36

Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching

center (See Glossary pg 9)

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 32: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

Air Interface LTE Coverage Map

32

TBD

In Trials

Carriers Announcing LTE

Commitments

bull ATampT

bull Cox Communications

bull T-Mobile

bull US Cellular

bull Verizon Wireless

Data Cloud Computing

33

Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where

resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)

CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network

bull Cell Site

ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks

bull Handoff

bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

ndash Case Study Smart Grid

ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)

bull Continuous Investment

34

When you physically move from

one point to another the signal

strength of transmissions back to

the cell sitersquos tower begins to

decline

The cell site equipment notifies a

computer called the Mobile

Switching Center (MSC) that the

signal is getting weaker

The MSC then orchestrates the

passing of the call from one cell site

to another

Def Handoff

35

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

36

Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching

center (See Glossary pg 9)

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 33: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

Data Cloud Computing

33

Def Cloud Computing An Internet-based or intranet-based computing environment where

resources are distributed across the network (ie the ldquocloud) (See Glossary pg 4)

CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network

bull Cell Site

ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks

bull Handoff

bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

ndash Case Study Smart Grid

ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)

bull Continuous Investment

34

When you physically move from

one point to another the signal

strength of transmissions back to

the cell sitersquos tower begins to

decline

The cell site equipment notifies a

computer called the Mobile

Switching Center (MSC) that the

signal is getting weaker

The MSC then orchestrates the

passing of the call from one cell site

to another

Def Handoff

35

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

36

Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching

center (See Glossary pg 9)

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 34: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

CHAPTER 4Wireless 101 Towers amp Network

bull Cell Site

ndash Tower Placement (Radio Propagation)

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipOriginal Wireless Networks

ndash Another Way to Look at IthellipTodayrsquos Cell Networks

bull Handoff

bull Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

ndash Case Study Smart Grid

ndash Case Study Mobile Banking (Western Union)

bull Continuous Investment

34

When you physically move from

one point to another the signal

strength of transmissions back to

the cell sitersquos tower begins to

decline

The cell site equipment notifies a

computer called the Mobile

Switching Center (MSC) that the

signal is getting weaker

The MSC then orchestrates the

passing of the call from one cell site

to another

Def Handoff

35

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

36

Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching

center (See Glossary pg 9)

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 35: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

When you physically move from

one point to another the signal

strength of transmissions back to

the cell sitersquos tower begins to

decline

The cell site equipment notifies a

computer called the Mobile

Switching Center (MSC) that the

signal is getting weaker

The MSC then orchestrates the

passing of the call from one cell site

to another

Def Handoff

35

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

36

Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching

center (See Glossary pg 9)

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 36: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

36

Mobile Switching Center Backhaul

Def Backhaul the transmission of network traffic from a cell site to the mobile switching

center (See Glossary pg 9)

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 37: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

Network

Tower

Spectrum

Image Sources CTIA HTC Motorola

37

Handset

Handset

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 38: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

bullGrid Area of Wireless Coverage

bullCells Divide grid among a few city

blocks or up to 250 square miles

bullSite Location of cell which includes

a tower

A

C

B F

D

G

E

A G

E

Cell Sites

38

Grid Cells

Site

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 39: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

bull ldquoDead spotsrdquo can be caused by trees tall

buildings or other obstructions that block your

wireless signal from reaching a nearby antenna

bull Propagation improves and reduces ldquodead spots

by adding cell sties or placing cell sites at the

highest point

39

Tower Placement Radio Signal Propagation

Def Propagation The ability of radio signal travels across space and through objects (See

Glossary pg 12)

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 40: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

bullTall Towers

Over 200 Feet

bullHigh Power Emissions

bullInadequate Coverage

30 Mile Radius

bullFew Radio Channels

Interference

bullPoor Service

Unhappy Customers

40

Radius = 30 miles

Original Design for Wireless Networks

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 41: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

bullShort Towers

Under 200 Feet

bullLow Power Emissions

bullAdequate Coverage

10 Mile Radius

bullMany Radio Channels

Simultaneous Use

bullImproved Service

Happier Customers

41

Todayrsquos Cell Networks

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 42: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

42Source CTIA Semi-Annual Wireless Survey

$9111

67

$14

367

53

$22

346

35

$32

741

05

$44

801

42

$62

815

96

$86

715

44

$112

620

70

$139

563

66

$189

386

78

$240

804

67

$325

735

22

$460

579

10

$605

427

74

$712

648

65

$896

243

87

$1050

301

01

$1269

223

47

$1458

669

14

$1737

935

07

$1990

253

27

$2234

491

94

$2445

912

06

$2647

605

17

$2851

215

91

$0

$50000000

$100000000

$150000000

$200000000

$250000000

$300000000

Dec-8

5

Dec-8

6

Dec-8

7

Dec-8

8

Dec-8

9

Dec-9

0

Dec-9

1

Dec-9

2

Dec-9

3

Dec-9

4

Dec-9

5

Dec-9

6

Dec-9

7

Dec-9

8

Dec-9

9

Dec-0

0

Dec-0

1

Dec-0

2

Dec-0

3

Dec-0

4

Dec-0

5

Dec-0

6

Dec-0

7

Dec-0

8

Dec-0

9

Th

ou

san

ds

Towers amp Infrastructure Continuous Investment

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 43: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

National Broadband Plan Infrastructure Factoid

bullInfrastructurendashldquoShot Clockrdquo

ndashMore uniform access to poles

ndashldquoDig Oncerdquo

ndashAccess to Government Property

bullInter-carrier Compensation

bullUniversel Service Reform

43

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 44: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

44

Mobile Switching Center

TWO CASE STUDIES

Def Mobile Switching Center a regional ldquohubrdquo of network infrastructure where servers

connect elements of the network (See Glossary pg 12)

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 45: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

Mobile Switching Center Case Study Smart Grid

bull Smart Grid The integration of information and communication applications with the electric power grid

bull Consumers can monitoradjust usage of appliances and electricity via wireless device

bull Utilities can detect outages and establish real-time demand response solutions through wireless platforms

bull Commercial wireless networks can transfer all Smart Grid information

bull $34 Billion in US stimulus funds announced for 100 smart grid projects in October 2009

45

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 46: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

46

Mobile Switching Center Case Study ndash Mobile Banking

The Western Unionreg mobile money

transfer program allows consumers with an

additional option to send and receive funds

how where and when they want

Cash to Mobile Send cash by identifying the

recipients mobile number

Mobile to Cash Send cash using mobile-

enable account the recipient is notified of

funds arrival by text message

Mobile to Mobile Send funds between

mobile-enabled accounts Funds may be

added to recipients account balance

All this information requires working with

the network operator to transfer through

MSC

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 47: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

CHAPTER 5Wireless 101 Consumer Services

bull Voice Calls

ndash E-9-1-1

ndash Network Management

bull Text Messaging

ndash The Network Difference

ndash mCommerce (UPS)

ndash mGiving (Haiti)

bull Data

ndash Expanding Array of Devices amp Services

ndash Traffic Explosion

bull Why does traffic matter

ndash New Business Models

ndash Apps

bull Measuring Consumer Value47

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 48: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

48

Calls What happens after pushing ldquoSENDrdquo

Established connection

between two or more

users

Requires continuous

transmission to

maintain connection

Ancillary Services

bull Voice Mail

bull Caller ID

bull Ringtones

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 49: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

49

Voice Calls E-9-1-1

bull All Calls to 9-1-1 from a cell phone are

routed to the appropriate Public Safety

Answering Point (PSAP)

bull Enhanced 9-1-1

bull Automatic Number Information (ANI)

bullAutomatic Location Information (ALI)

bullLocation Accuracy

bull Radio Propagation Implications

bull Phase II PSAP Required

bull E-9-1-1 calling requires careful network

management to establish route and provide

additional information

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 50: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

Voice Calls Factoid Network Management

bullThe underlying network infrastructure which is spectrum-dependent and the inherently mobile nature of wireless makes these networks significantly different from wired networks

ndashThe capacity of a wireless cell site is shared between all users in that cell

ndashThe capacity of a cell is shared between all services running over the network

bullSpectrum-based services such as mobile require careful management of scare network resources

50

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 51: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

51

Presidential Inauguration

Source White House Flickr Stream

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 52: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

52

Aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

No Amount of Steel or Redundancy Can Guarantee Communications

Natural Disaster

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 53: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

53

COWS = Cells on Wheels

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 54: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

54

Text Communications The Network Difference

Each of the different forms of communications interacts with a

different portion of a wireless network

Cell Site

Base Station

Sorts the Type of

Communications

Gateway E-

Mail ServerCell Phone

Voice E-Mail

or SMS

Gateway SMS

Server

Gateway Voice

Server

Other Carriers

Public

Telephone

Network

Internet etc

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 55: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

55

Text

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formatting

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

Networking

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140

Text

Messaging

Multimedia

Messaging

Instant

Messaging

Social

NetworkingE-mail

Service is

Also

Known As

ldquoSMSrdquo ldquoMMSrdquo ldquoIMrdquo

Facebook

Myspace

Twitter

E-mail

Purpose

Send short

text-only

messages

quickly

Include

pictures

video or

music

Carry on an

informal

ldquoconversationrdquo

Post

messages to

one or all of

my friends

Like writing a

letter only

electronic

Character

Limit

(English)

160

characters

Depends on

formatting

Depends on

formattingTwitter 140 none

Note Texting services may be charged separately from voice

or data services on wireless phone bills

Text Communications

55

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 56: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

56

Text Communications Case Study mCommerce

UPS Mobile via SMS

bull Track delivery status

bull Schedule Pick Up

bull Quotes for Rates and

Travel Time

bull E-mail shipping label

bull Find UPS Locations

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 57: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

Sources QUALCOMM 2008 Yankee Group 2008

Data Expanding Array of Devices and Services

57

21st Century Wireless technology hellipnot just for talking and texting

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 58: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

Data New Business Models

58

Source Rob Atkinson ITIF httpwwwusatodaycommobileindexhtm ATampT Mobile 2D Bar Codes httpstaticbusinessinsidercomimage4b9f133c7f8b9a2e0ed80600-

400-300zipcar-rental-carjpg

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 59: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

59

2005 (Hurricane Katrina) - The Wireless

Foundation and the American Red Cross start

Text2Help which raised $120000 from the

generosity of mobile consumers

2008 (Hurrican Gustav) - Text2Help raised

approximately $250000

2009 - Alicia Keys and the Keep a Child Alive

campaign raised approximately $450000

2010 (Haiti Earthquake) - More than 2 million

people raised more than $32 million via text for the

American Red Crossrsquos relief efforts

Text Communications Case Study Mobile Giving

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 60: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

Measuring Consumer Value Factoid

60

The US Offers You the Most for Your Money

(Average Revenue per Voice Minute v Average Monthly MOUs YE2009)

115137 135

158 149 152

109

251

138

237

141

222

163

129

218198

153

311

824

191170

211194

426

134

824

$004

$031

$025

$022

$021

$019

$019

$016

$016

$015

$015

$015

$014

$014

$014

$013

$012

$012

$011

$010

$010

$009

$009

$009

$007

$006

$000

$005

$010

$015

$020

$025

$030

$035

Switzerland

Japan

Netherlands

Denm

ark

Belgium

Spain

Germ

any

Norw

ay

Czech R

epublic

France

ItalyAustralia

Greece

Portugal

Finland

Austria

Hungary

UK

New

Zealand

Sweden

Canada

Poland

S K

orea

Turkey

Mexico

USA

Avera

ge R

even

ue P

er

Min

ute

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

900A

vera

ge M

on

thly

Min

ute

s o

f Use

Source Bank of America Merrill Lynch Research April 2010

Def ARPU the average revenue generated per customer per month (See Glossary pg 6)

Def MOU minutes of use is a measure of customer talk time (See Glossary pg 7)

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61

Page 61: Wireless 101 - Warrington College of Businesswarrington.ufl.edu/.../1010_Snowden_Wireless101.pdf · Wireless 101 Understanding the Basics from A-Z ... 1xRTT EVDO Rev 0 EVDO Rev A

The Wireless Revolution is NOWhellip

Community

Investment

Jobs

Emergency Alerts

Tax Reform

Spectrum National

Framework

Public Safety

Accessibility

TelecommutingChild Safety

mCommerceEducation

mHealth

Economic

Development

Text

App Stores

Smart Grids

Energy Efficiency

Preventative Care

Rural Adoption

Deployment

Mobile Banking

Campaign 20

Gov 20 MyWireless

Personal

Enjoyment

Location

Services

E9-1-1

Competitive

Remote

Monitoring

Emergency

Alerts

Mobile Video

Social Media

Innovation

Games

Mobile

Music

CameraCarrier

Partners

Towers

Netbooks

600+ Unique

Handsets

Intelligent

Transportation

61