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All Rights Reserved Alcatel-Lucent 20072 | WiMAX W4 | June 2007

Inter-working among disparate networks

Inter-working

Ability of a dual mode MS to operate in two different networks.

Nomadic or full mobility

Nomadic

Operate in two networks independently

No session or service continuity

Unless application can survive change of IP address. NOT considered in this presentation.

Full mobility

Session and service continuity across networks

Minimum packet loss and service interruption

Focus of this presentation


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Need for Inter-working

Lot of progress in fourth generation

wireless networks, recently.

WiMAX

Being deployed by many carriers.

Significant progress in the std. groups. Takes a few years for full deployment.

4G networks need to inter-work with 3Gnetworks, till fully deployed.


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Inter-working between WiMAX and EV-DO

MS is active in either one ofthe two networks.

Common core network.

Unique HA and H-AAA.

Aim: Session and servicecontinuity during mobility.

Use: Mobile IP (MIP) as per RFC

3344. HA is the anchor. Creates MIP

tunnel with

FA in PDSN in EV-DO or

FA in ASN-GW in WiMAX Transparent to user.


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Coupling of WiMAX and EV-DO networks

Loose coupling

Protocol specific procedure within each network for

Network entry, authentication, paging, etc.

Common core network with unique HA, H-AAA.

Two separate access networks, separate data paths. Useful when a service provider owns two access networks.

Tight coupling

ASN-GW of WiMAX tied to PDSN of EV-DO.

No separate data paths, but chained data paths.Data path of WiMAX traverses RNS/PDSN of EV-DO.

Needs wider 3G pipes to support 4G traffic.

A new approach standards are currently being developed.

Needs further evaluation wrt. benefits and deficiencies.

Summary: Loose coupling

Supports faster development path.

Easier to achieve with current technology.

Provides better performance.


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Loose coupling in WiMAX and EV-DO networks

Two access networks.

Common billing. Separate data paths.


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WiMAXEV-DO Interworking Alternatives

Client MIP Client MIP (CMIP CMIP)

MIP Client on MS in both WiMAX and EV-DO.

MS should send MIP RRQ message. A common MIP client is required.

FA functionality in

PDSN in EV-DO.

ASN-GW in WiMAX.

Client MIP Proxy MIP (CMIP PMIP)

CMIP in EV-DO (Qualcomm MIP Client can be used).

PMIP in WiMAX MS uses Simple IP

ASN-GW acts as the Proxy MIP Client.


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CMIP vs. PMIP - based WiMAX Terminals Key Difference

CMIP

HA

Home CSN

ASN GW

FA

Core

IMS

BillingServer

ASN GW:

FA, PMIP clientSimple IP

(PMIP)

MIP

DHCP

More complexity on MS

MS controls IP session handoffs CMIP Less client context in ASN GW

Full-featured FA supporting CMIP

MIP

MIP

Less complexity in MS (DHCP for IP session) No client awareness of Mobile IP

Network performs IP session handoffs PMIP MIP client context in ASN GW

Subset of FA integrated with PMIP client

H-AAA


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Functions of HA and H-AAA

Home Agent

Maintains MIP tunnels with FA (in WiMAX or EV-DO).

Unique for both WiMAX and EV-DO.

AAA

Assigns unique HA to the MS, for both WiMAX and EV-DO

In EV-DO

Validates MN-AAA AE in CMIP RRQ, as per X.S0011-D spec. Assigns HA and associates it with a SPI

In WiMAX

Authenticates MS using EAP TTLS or EAP AKA or EAP SIM.

Generates MN-HA key, identifies MN-HA with a unique SPI value.Assigns HA and associates


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Inter-technology handoffs

Break before make Break current connection beforemaking target connection. More packet loss than the other two

Make before break Make target connection beforebreaking current connection Less packet loss than break before make

Make before break w/ simultaneous bindings maintaintwo network connections briefly during handoffs Least packet loss

Open technical issues

Duplicate packets

No support for simultaneous bindings in HA

More complex than the other two

Needs further work.


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Backup slides


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Call flow-1

WiMAX to EV-DO

CMIP in WiMAX

CMIP in EV-DO

Make-before-break

EV-DO to WiMAX is

similar


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Call flow-2

WiMAX to EV-DO

PMIP in WiMAX

CMIP in EV-DO

Make-before-break

EV-DO to WiMAX is

similar

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