Winter newsletter jan10

By Frances Cook, MSc, MRC-SLT (Hons) Cert. CT(Oxford)

De Shazer’s model ofSolution Focused BriefTherapy is based onseveral core assump-tions about the nature ofchange. Clients are viewed as

being “stuck” in problem pat-terns in which attempts to re-solve or cope with their difficul-

ties have become part ofthe problem. However it is assumed

that there will be timeswhen problems do not occur oroccur less and that clients

By Anne L. Foundas, M.D.

The exact cause of stutteringis likely to be complex and maybe multifactorial. One potentialmechanism relates to a defec-tive speech monitoring system.The basic theory is that ongoingsequential and fluent speechoutput is dependent on auditorysensory feedback, which moni-tors and corrects errors online.In normally fluent individuals, adysfluency would be detectedas an “error”, and this errorwould be automatically correct-ed on-line via auditory self-monitoring. Stuttering behav-iors, such as involuntary repeti-tions, blocks, or prolongations

in the ut-terance ofspeech el-e m e n t s ,may bei n d u c e d

by disrupted auditory self-mon-itoring within a closed-loop sys-tem. Thus, stuttering can bemodeled, as the result of dis-turbed auditory feedback.

In 2001, we found that theplanum temporale (PT), a brainregion important in auditoryprocessing, was anatomicallyatypical in adults with persis-tent developmental stuttering(PDS). However, the associa-tion of atypical PT anatomy toatypical function was not di-rectly examined in this study.Therefore, in another study weattempted to determine whetherthere was a relationship be-tween fluency and the anatomyof the PT under conditions of

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www.stutteringhelp.org • 800-992-9392 • www.tartamudez.org

THE STUTTERING FOUNDATIONA Nonprofit Organization Since 1947... Helping Those Who StutterWINTER 2010

Continued on page 6

Neurobiology ofStuttering: Are theredistinct subtypes?

Solution Focused Brief Therapy...

Continued on page 13

Tools for Success: SolutionFocused Brief Therapy Taster is anew 31⁄2 hour DVD offering high-lights from a workshop featuringWillie Botterill and Frances Cookas they provide insights into usingSolution Focused Brief Therapywith those who stutter.

This taster introduces partici-pants to the principles and practiceof Solution Focused Brief Therapy,providing examples of children,parents, and teenagers describingtheir ‘best hopes’ for thefuture, using scales to de-termine the skills and re-sources they already haveto attain that future, andidentifying the small

signs of change along the way.“Solution Focused Brief

Therapy has given me a greatway to find out what my clientshave been doing since our lastsession to move themselves for-ward. I really like how the ques-tioning leads them to solutions.”said Brian Heskin, who took partin the workshop featured in thisnew film. He added, “I use therating scale that clients do bythemselves all the time since it

seems to give themownership on what theyare or are not doing tomove themselves for-ward. The positive ap-proach fits so well.” �

New New

What is going well? And what else? And what else?

Film Insights

winter_newsletter_2010:newsletter 2/1/10 7:36 AM Page 1

Edward Rondthaler was one of the 20th century’s foremostmen of letters – actual physical audible letters. An outspokenadvocate of spelling re-form, he spent decadestrying to impose orderon his 26 lawlesscharges. As a noted ty-pographer who firstplied his trade 99 yearsago, he helped bringthe art of typesettingfrom the age of hotmetal into the modernera – and he was a per-son who stuttered.

Mr. Rondthaler established a national reputation by helping usherin the age of photographic typesetting. Phototypesetting was fordecades a vital bridge between the hot-metal days of old and the dig-ital typography of today.

A man of strong constitution and ardententhusiasms, Mr. Rondthaler died on Aug.19, 2009. He was 104 and attributed hislongevity to having taken cold showersdaily since 1918.Mr. Rondthaler first became known more

than 70 years ago for his seminal work inphotographic typesetting.

In the mid-1930s, he and a colleague,Harold Horman, perfected a phototypeset-ting device that helped streamline the tra-ditional art of setting type. Known as theRutherford photo-lettering machine, itwas one of the first such devices in widecommercial use.

Armed with their new machine, thetwo men founded Photo-Lettering Inc., ahighly respected New York typographichouse whose clients included many ofthe country’s best-known magazinesand advertising agencies.

Edward Rondthaler III was born onJune 9, 1905, in Bethlehem, Pa. His fa-ther was a bishop of the MoravianChurch, as was his paternal grandfa-ther. Edward III was reared in Winston-Salem, N.C., where his father waspresident of Salem College.

At 5, Edward received a toy print-ing press as a gift and began pub-lishing his own newspaper - a verysmall newspaper, about the size of apostcard. Only a few years later, heand a friend opened a print shop ina nearby basement, doing jobs for

800-992-93922 www.stutteringhelp.orgSTUTTERINGFOUNDATION

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November 23 ‘81

Speech Foundation of

America

152 Lombardy Rd.

Memphis, Tenn. 3811

1

Gentlemen:

It is with enormous

pleasure that I send

you this check

for a thousand dollar

s. Two weeks ago I re

ceived your book

‘Self-Therapy for t

he Stutterer” and h

ave read it with

amazement. Every wo

rd in it rings true.

And I speak from

a lifetime of experi

ence---from Adler, B

assett, and Bogue

right down the alpha

bet to Scripture, Tw

itmyer and Warren.

Those experiences ar

e from long ago. T

oday, at 76, the

severity is much muc

h less, and for half

of my life stam-

mering has been more

of an inconvenience

than a handicap.

What excites me is t

hat at last someone

has gotten to the

root of the trouble

and can write about

it in an under-

standing, lucid way.

I have total empathy w

ith every line.

It all makes sense.

When I was a boy the

re were many young s

tammerers. There

seem to be fewer now

, and for a long tim

e I had been won-

dering why. It’s bee

n a long time since I’

ve seen the lit-

tle ads that Bogue a

nd others used to ha

ve in almost every

magazine. Clearly

speech correction ha

s at last risen

above quackery, and

I’m sure that your f

oundation has had

much to do with that

.

If you have more inf

ormation about the F

oundation I’d like

to know about it. I

’d like to remember

it in my will.

Very cordially,

Photo by Joyce Dopken of the New York Times.

Longtime SFA Supporter Edward Rondthaler Dies at 104


paying customers; they ran thebusiness through high school andfor a year afterward, to earn col-lege money.

After studying atWestminster Choir College —besides singing, he played theflute, oboe and bassoon — Mr.Rondthaler earned a bachelor’sdegree in psychology from theUniversity of North Carolina,Chapel Hill, in 1929. He wrotehis senior thesis on the effects ofdifferent typefaces on the read-er’s perception of a text.

Throughout these years, hestruggled with stuttering andhoped that his music studieswould help alleviate the difficulty.

Mr. Rondthaler then moved toNew York, where he was an artdirector for a commercial type-setter. In 1936, he and Mr.Horman founded Photo-Lettering, which specialized inheadline and display type. Thecompany was built around theirnew phototypesetting machine,which helped modernize a tech-nology that had changed little inhundreds of years.

For centuries, type was cast inmolten lead and set painstakinglyby hand. In the mid-20th century,the advent of phototypesettingfreed the alphabet from its leadenshackles, making it possible tomanipulate letters as pure photo-graphic images.

Mr. Rondthaler also helpedfound the International TypefaceCorporation, which designed andlicensed many commercial fonts,and the Type Directors Club.

Mr. Rondthaler’s long campaignto reform English spelling did notbear much fruit, yet he had a greatdeal else to occupy his time. Hewrote several books, among themAlphabet Thesaurus: A Treasury ofLetter Design” (Reinhold, 1960) anda memoir, Life With Letters — AsThey Turned Photogenic (HastingsHouse, 1981).

He was a prolific writer of lettersto the editor on a variety of subjects.He invented many things, includinga slide rule that calculated currency-exchange rates and another sliderule that computed cooking times offoods based on weight.

Even after he turned 100, Mr.Rondthaler embarked on a new ca-reer in television commercials, ap-pearing in campaigns for PearleVision and Genworth Financial.

In 1989, Rondthaler lobbied tire-lessly to ensure that SFA founderMalcolm Fraser received an hon-orary degree from HamiltonCollege in Clinton, New York. The

two men finally met face to facethe morning of June 15, 1989, aftermany years of corresponding.

Earlier Rondthaler had this to sayabout Fraser’s book, “I have readyour book, Self Therapy for theStutterer, with amazement. Everyword of it rings true. And I speakfrom a lifetime of experience.”

“What excites me is that at lastsomeone has gotten to the root of thetrouble and can write about it in anunderstanding, lucid way. I havetotal empathy with every line. It allmakes sense.” �

When asked why he supported the

Stuttering Foundation,he replied, “Because itcompletely changed

my life – for the good.”

This article is based on an obit-uary written by Margalit Fox of theNew York Times.

WINTER 2010 3800-992-9392STUTTERINGFOUNDATION

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“So we all movealong trying to

make the world alittle better becausewe were here.”

~Edward Rondthaler wrote ina letter to Jane Fraser in 1987

Ed Rondthaler with JaneFraser (left photo) andStuttering Foundation Boardmember Jean Gruss (below) at a reception honoringStuttering FoundationFounder, Malcolm Fraser(middle photo). Ed had lobbiedtirelessly for Malcolm to receive the Doctor of HumaneLetters from Hamilton Collegein 1989 for his work on behalfof those who stutter.

Longtime SFA Supporter Edward Rondthaler Dies at 104


4 www.stutteringhelp.org 800-992-9392STUTTERINGFOUNDATION

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Jane Fraser, Baroness Whitaker andauthors Dame Margaret Drabble andDavid Mitchell.

Frances Cook,Jane Fraser andWillie Botterill

BSA education officer CherryHughes with

Matthew Sumpterand Ed Balls MP.

British StammeringAssociation Chair

Leys Geddes and Ed Balls MP

Stuttering FoundationPresident Jane Fraser wasthe only American at a re-ception in honor of the British StammeringAssociation at 10 DowningStreet on Dec. 1.

In attendance duringthe London event wereCabinet Minister Ed Ballsand other dignitaries,celebrities, and leadingresearchers and therapistsin the field of stuttering.

“A second visit in ayear!” said Fraser. “It isreally a thrill to be back atNumber 10.”

During the fall of 2008,Fraser joined actorMichael Palin and the staffof the Michael PalinCentre for StammeringChildren during a recep-tion hosted by Mrs. SarahBrown, the wife of PrimeMinister Gordon Brown. �

Number 10... Again

Dr. Robin Lickleyfrom Queen MargaretUniversity, Edinburgh,with Jane Fraser andFrances Cook.

Jane Fraser and Sarah Brown greet Frances Cook.

BSA Chair LeysGeddes raisingawareness ofstammering, bystammering atNo 10!

Dr. Trudy Stewart(University of

Leeds) in animated

discussion withEd Balls MP.

Kirk and John Tarver andtheir Memphis-based ShelbyRailroad Services Inc. raised anastonishing $6,000 for theStuttering Foundation.

Shelby Railroad held their an-nual fund-raising golf outing anddinner on Oct. 1 at WedgewoodGolf Club in Olive Branch, Miss.

“This generous gift comes at aperfect time to boost our fall cam-paign. What is even more amazingis that people came forward to sup-port our cause during these hardeconomic times,” said Jane Fraser.

This is the eighth year the com-pany teamed up with the StutteringFoundation to honor RuthMcGuiness Tarver, the late motherof company president and founderJohn Tarver. Ruth stuttered fromthe time she was a young child.

“She was a great lady,” Shelby

Railroad Vice President KirkTarver said of his grandmother. “Itdidn’t matter to us, but it embar-rassed her. Back in the ‘30s, therewasn’t any help.”

“We are so grateful for the ded-icated friendship and support theTarvers and Shelby Railroad haveshown us,” Fraser said.

Shelby Railroad Services Inc.was founded by John Tarver inAugust 1974. The family ownedcompany is committed to provid-ing the railroad industry with thehighest quality materials and con-struction services in the Mid-South and surrounding areas.Their services include design, newconstruction, maintenance, repair,and the supply of rail materialsand equipment. �

Economy Doesn’t Derail Support for StutteringShelby RailroadOn Board to HelpKids Who Stutter

Kirk and John Tarver with Jane Fraser.

Trophies for the event4


St u t t e r i n gFoundationspokesmanand conser-

vationist AlanRabinowitz, actressGlenn Close, andformer AssistantSecretary of StateClaudia McMurraywere on hand forthe annual PantheraC o n s e r v a t i o nAdvisory Committeereception in honorof Carlos ManuelRodriquez of CostaRica whose vision-ary policies helpedsecure crucial habitat for jaguars.

Also in attendance to applaud thisexciting award were StutteringFoundation President Jane Fraser andVice President Joe Fulcher.

Mr. Rodriquez, who advises gov-ernments worldwide on adaptinghis groundbreaking strategy ofpayments for ecosystem services,was the 2009 recipient of theRabinowitz-Kaplan Prize forExcellence in Cat Conservation.

Stories from Panthera’s scien-

tists, researchersand partners todocument their fa-vorite encounterswith big cats inthe wild, knownas “Cat Tales,”were on displaythroughout the re-ception hall.Award winningp h o t o g r a p h e rSteve Winter, au-thor Luke Hunter,and conservation-ist AndreaHeydlauf sharedtheir stories withguests.

Panthera and the StutteringFoundation share a common goal –to always work hard to set the barever higher for excellence in our re-spective fields. As a result,Panthera continues to develop andimplement conservation strategiesfor the world’s most imperiled wildcats, and the Stuttering Foundationworks to promote excellence in re-search and to provide resources,services and support to those whostutter and their families. �


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“Catching jaguars andtigers, negotiating withpresidents and dictators- that’s easy stuff! Thechallenge for me hasbeen living with the lit-tle, stuttering, insecureboy inside. The boy

who’d come home fromschool every day andyearn for the darknessand safety of his closet.”

~ Alan Rabinowitz

Luke Hunterhas conductedField work toprotect largecats in Africa

since 1992. Hisefforts have fo-cused on lionsas well as chee-tahs and leop-ards. He is

leading the firstintensive studyof Persian leop-ards and of thecritically endan-gered Asiatic

cheetah in Iran.

A Voice for the Big Cats

In the 1980s,Dr. AlanRabinowitzradio-collaredjaguars for astudy leadingto establish-ment of theworld's firstjaguar reservein Belize’sCockscombBasin. HereAlan remem-bers one ofthe firstjaguars hecollared, AhPuch, whotragicallylater diedafter breakingtwo teeth.

Renowned actress GlennClose shares her passionfor the big cats in award-ing the 2009 prize.


therefore have within them-selves the strengths and re-sources necessary to resolve dif-ficulties.

In Brief Therapy it is assumedthat small changes will initiateother changes in a “ripple” effect,thus helping clients to move to-wards their goals. Brief Therapyshould therefore be as time-effi-cient as possible and as short-termas is required to establish a momen-tum of change.

Brief Therapy is orientated to-wards the future. This is achievedby devoting minimal time to ex-ploring complaints or problems,by directing clients to “responsesthat are self-enhancing andstrength-producing” and using lan-guage that implies an expectationof positive change. The focus oftherapy is on what is changeableand possible rather than on what isimpossible and intractable.

The therapist’s role is to see aperson as more than their problem,to look for resources rather thandeficits, to help clients identifygoals or “preferred futures,” to

identify and amplify existingstrengths and resources, and toidentify and make use of “excep-tions to the rule.” Problems maybe elaborated in order to help

clients iden-tify patternsand repeti-tive cycles,but thegreater focusis on identi-fication ofso lu t ions ,exceptionsand the “dif-ference thatwill make adifference.”The processof therapy

involves building rapport, identi-fying problem patterns, establish-ing goals, exploring strengths andsolutions, emphasising positivecoping and predicting, and prepar-ing for relapse.

From the outset, interventionsare specifically about the futureand solution focused. Clients aretreated as experts in their lives,

questions are used to establishgoals or signs of change, which aresmall, relevant, achievable, and de-scribed in positive, behaviouralterms. Some initial, global goalssuch as “feel more confident” or“be happier” are further refined byasking “What else will happen be-cause you’re feeling more confi-dent?” or “How will people knowthat you’re feeling happier?”

Rating scales are used through-out therapy and provide objectivemeasures of change, while theemphasis on establishing con-crete goals means that specificbehavioural, if anecdotal, evi-dence from clients is gained.

Find out what is already work-ing – and do more of it. Movefrom what’s going wrong towhat’s going well - and what else,and what else, and what else? �References:

Bateson, G. (1972) Steps to an Ecology of Mind. N.Y:Ballantine Books.

Budman, S., Friedman, S., & Hoyt, M. (1992) Last words onfirst sessions. In Budman, S., Hoyt, M & Friedman, S. (Eds.) TheFirst Session in Brief Therapy. New York:Guilford.

de Shazer, S. (1985) Keys to Solution in Brief Therapy. NewYork: Norton.

de Shazer, S. (1988) Clues: Investigating Solutions in BriefTherapy. New York: W.W.Norton.

de Shazer, S. (1991) Putting differences to work. NY: W.W.Norton & Co.

Hoyt, M (1994) Single session solutions. In M. Hoyt (ed)Constructive Therapies. New York:Guilford.

Iveson, G.E. & Ratner,C. (1990) Problem to Solution:London. BT Press.

O’Hanlon, P, & Weiner-Davis, M. (1989) In search of solu-tions. NY: Norton.

Therapy Continued from front page


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Best Selling Book Still Makes a Difference“Among my packages there

was a book, named Self-Therapyfor the Stutterer,” writes NantamuCollines from Jinja, a city in east-ern Uganda.

Jinja lies in the south east ofUganda, 54 miles north east of thecapital, Kampala. It is located on theshores of Lake Victoria, near to thesource of the White Nile river.

“Whenever I read this book ofself therapy, I get new perspectivesand new techniques of overcomingmy stuttering problem to an ad-vanced way of communicationskills. Many people, in fact, are de-siring my knowledge from the book.They want to know how effectivelyI’m doing to overcome my stutter-ing to a more fluent speech. I’m try-ing to train them because at the mo-

ment I have got massive improve-ments in all areas affecting myspeech. Fortunately everything isbecoming clear because of the prin-ciples and concepts of this book.”

Billy Mild from Nakuru writes,“My therapist gave me the book,Self-Therapy for the Stutterer.This book has been so helpful tome, for since I started practicingthe recommendations in it, I seemyself on the way to taming mystutter. I have also found helpfulcontent on your website.”

Nakuru is the provincial capitalof Kenya’s Rift Valley provinceon Lake Nakuru.

Joseph Leigh writes, “I mustthank Malcolm Fraser and all yoursupporters for making Self-Therapy available to me. I have

read the first thirty pages of thebook and realized it talked tome. I knew that I was not alone.”

Writes Andrew Wong,Shanghai, China, “I am just start-ing self therapy by dint of yourbook, Self-Therapy, and if it doesnot bother you too much, I will tryto report to you my ups and downsduring those periods no matterwhat setbacks or progress; and Ilook forward to your valuable rec-ommendations if possible. Thankyou for your efforts and the kind-nesses you offer; that gives mehope and inspires me a lot.”

Thomas Cong of Surabaya,Indonesia, writes, “I'm so grate-ful for those worthwhile booksyou sent. They will be useful intherapy. Blessings.” �

This new film, Toolsfor Success: SolutionFocused Brief TherapyTaster, with WillieBotterill and FrancesCook, is now availablefrom the StutteringFoundation.

A StutteringFoundationProduction

THE

STUTTERINGFOUNDATIONDVD No. 9950

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STUTTERINGFOUNDATIONA Nonprofit Organization Since 1947—Helping Those Who Stutter

Post Office Box 11749 • Memphis, TN 3

8111-0749

© 2010 Stuttering Foundation of America

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Byron Pitts has brought muchattention to stuttering with hismemoir, Step Out on Nothing:How Faith and Family HelpedMe Conquer Life’s Challenges,released in September, 2009.The book not only details hisspeech difficulties, but also hisilliteracy until age 12 and his un-stable family life. Pitts overcamethe odds to become a nationalcorrespondent with CBS News.

Born in 1960, Pitts graduatedfrom Ohio Wesleyan Universityin 1982. Beginning as a weekendsports anchor in 1983 at WNCT-TV in Greenville, N.C.,Pitts worked his way up theladder before being nameda CBS News correspondentin 1998. He later became acontributor to 60 Minutesand the chief national cor-respondent for The CBSEvening News with KatieCouric. He has receivednumerous awards includingnational Emmys for hiscoverage of the Chicagotrain wreck in 1999 and for hisreporting of the Sept. 11 attacks.

Early in life he struggled withmany of the same difficulties thatare common for young peoplewho stutter. In an interview withCBS News, Pitts stated, “I wasbullied through elementaryschool and much of junior highschool … I didn’t have manyfriends because of my stutter. Iwas embarrassed a lot of timesand out of that embarrassmentcame anger and isolation.”

In his book Pitts noted,“… from my childish per-spective, I was simply afreak: the strange one, the onewho couldn’t get the wordsout, couldn’t do a simplething like speak clearly. Forme, it was like living as aprisoner inside a cell … andthe times I just wantedlemonade in the school cafe-

teria but could only say the wordsoda. I’ve never liked soda.Would never drink it if I had thechoice…. At the time self-esteemwas a term with little meaning inthe world of a child, but it’s clearto me now I had very little self-esteem back then.”

Dr. Ed Robinson, a speechcommunications professor atOhio Wesleyan, took an interestin Pitts and led him toward thepath to fluency. Dr. Robinson anda Ohio State colleague workedwith Pitts over the course of thenext year on speech exercises

which culminated in Pitts neverstutterering while on live radio.Pitts was encouraged to host aprogram at the radio station andused the technique of singing hissentences to transition betweenthe words without taking a breath.

“Through the years I havetalked with skilled speech pathol-ogists who talk about the darkages of working with people whostutter. Many of the things Dr.Robinson had me do were long

ago cast outside as outdated.Today, there are a number of insti-tutions that work faithfully andskillfully with people of all ageswho stutter. I have done a fewnews stories on stuttering but havenever sought specialized training.I could certainly still use it. Thereare words with which I still strug-gle. Phrases I avoid.” Pitts noted.

He does tell of the time he stut-tered on TV during a live shotwhen Terrell Harris and Pitts wereboth covering a case of govern-ment corruption. To avoid stutter-ing, he prepares and rehearses

what he has to say. HoweverPitts states, “….. rather thanhearing the introduction I ex-pected on the corruptionstory, the anchor asked me aquestion about the weather. Ifroze. I was unable to reactquickly to the unexpectedquestion. In trying to respond,I stuttered. I intended to saythat it had started to snowwhen we first arrived this

morning. But it came out as ‘s-s-s-s-s-snow”. I looked at my feetto try to kick-start my brain.”

“That night I ate my dinneralone in an edit suite and watchedthat live shot over and over again.I made a copy on VHS tape andtook it home so I could watch itagain. I wanted to see if there wasa way to prevent something likethat from ever happening again.But the shame has never left me.”

The multiple challenges Pittshad to overcome in his early

years are truly inspirational.While the most dominantchallenge covered by thepress since the release of StepOut on Nothing has been hisyears of illiteracy, Pitts’ open-ness about his stuttering hasbrought great attention to thisdisorder. It is safe to say thatByron Pitts is a role model fora generation of young peoplewho stutter. �

Stuttering Didn’t Silence the News


8 www.stutteringhelp.org 800-992-9392

STUTTERINGFOUNDATION

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‘Words of Wisdom’The Stuttering Foundation re-

ceived this letter from longtimefriend and supporter DanPappas, and we thought it wouldbe an inspiration to others

“I frequently think about whatMarty Jezer said in his mar-velous book, Stuttering: A LifeBound Up in Words. The book isa recounting of all his attemptsto find a way to stop stuttering.At one point, he said in exasper-ation ‘I’ve tried everything...’

“Well, I could not get past thatsentiment for many years.Finally I came up with a reply,summed up in the short phrase,‘Have you tried again?’

“I think trying to improve flu-ency, for many people, is verymuch like trying to lose weightor quit smoking. It’s not the one-time fix that counts but the con-tinual effort. During my lifetime,I’ve had some marvelous periodsof fluency while at other times, Ihave had some inexplicable peri-ods of relapse.”

When asked how he dealswith stuttering, Dan replied withanother question, “How do Imake speech therapy part of myeveryday life?” �Editor’s note: Making therapy a

part of your everyday commitmentcan make a difference.

Stuttering Didn’t Ground MeBy Lt. Jason Mansour, NOAA,Aviation Operations Coordinator

I am currently a uniformedservice pilot who struggled - sig-nificantly - during my youthwith stuttering.

There were times when I wouldgo weeksw i t h o u tbeing able tosay a sen-tence withouts t u t t e r i ng ,and of coursethe socialconsequencesand anxietywould only make the problemworse. Heck, even hearing a dialtone on the phone was enough toraise my heart-rate and anxietyknowing I would have to speak tosomeone in the next few seconds.

My family graciously wasable to access a speech therapyclinic at the local college inMaryland and after several yearsI was able to receive treatmentand assistance with a problemthat I have, frankly, been able to

conquer in and out of the cock-pit. I can recall the impact it hadon my adolescence and amgrateful for the support of myfriends and family during thatdifficult time in my life.

It’s important for young peo-ple to understand that stutteringis not, and should not be, consid-ered an ‘absolute’ condition, andthat it can and often does im-prove with proper treatment. �

Uncovering aMasterpieceBy Paul Noor

As a child growing up in asmall village north of Iran, justsouth of Russia, I struggled with asevere stutter and even considerednot talking and learning sign lan-guage. Today I am a speaker andspeak at businesses, clubs,schools, colleges, churches andcorrectional facilities.

When I was a young man, Imade a promise to myself that oneday I would overcome my stutter-ing and become a public speaker. Itwas a huge promise as I could noteven say my own name, but I alsomade another promise to myself:not to give up or lose hope until Iachieved my dream.

About 30 years ago after I grad-uated from the engineering schoolin my home country of Iran, Icame to the United States to getmy Ph.D. and find a cure for mysevere stuttering. For the first 10years, I tried different therapies—nothing worked—no cure.Actually when I moved to theUnited States, my stuttering gotworse as stuttering and learning anew language do not go togethervery well.

I came across a story of howMichelangelo created the “Statueof David.” There was a piece ofmarble left on the side of theroad. It was covered with dirtand trash, and no one was payingattention to it. One day asMichelangelo was walking onthat street, he saw David in thatmarble. He took it to his shop,cleaned it up, and turned it into apiece of art. The story of Davidand how it was created from aleftover and unwanted piece ofmarble inspired me. I determinedto uncover the masterpiece that Ibelieved was hidden inside me.My goal was to overcome mystutter and become a speaker.




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Photos courtesy of the New Orleans Convention and Visitors Bureau.

Therapists Jazzedin The Big Easy

The Stuttering Foundation booth wasreally jiving at the American

Speech-Language–Hearing Association Convention. Popular items included new products as well as many

of the classics: The 2009 DVD Tools for Success: ACognitive Behavior Therapy Taster, the teen brochureStuttering Myths, Beliefs, and Straight Talk, andthe 8 Tips for Teachers and 7 Tips for Talking with

Your Child flyers. Older, yet still popularproducts, were The School-Age Child WhoStutters: Working Effectively With Attitudesand Emotions workbook, the DVD Cluttering,and the book Self-Therapy for the Stutterer.

An energetic group of 29 volunteershelped staff the twenty-foot booth. A specialthanks to Elise Kaufman, Kathy Swiney, Joan

Babin, Charlie Osborne, Peter Ramig, NancyRibbler, Julie Gasway, Joel Korte, Rick Arenas,

Robin Jones, James Panico, SusanCochrane, Joe Donaher, SherylGottwald, Katerina Ntourou, LisaScott, Kristin Chmela, Judy Kuster,Rita Thurman, Jim Tsiamtsioursis,Steffi Schopick, Kathleen ScalerScott, Jennifer Watson,

Courtney Byrd, Wendy Wingard-Gay,Geoff Coalson, Jeffrey Mock, Dahye Choiand Rich Ecke. �

5From top: Charlie Osborne; Carol Ecke and Sheryl Gottwald; Katerina Ntourou and TerriJones; Carol and Rich Ecke; Renee Shepherd answers questions; and Jane Fraser discussesStuttering Foundation materials with John Van Borsel and Monica de Britto Pereira.

From top: Jane Fraser helps speechtherapists select resources; TerriJones and Katerina Ntourou discussa DVD with an attendee; ReneeShepherd takes time to wave to thecamera as she helps set up the booth;after setting up the booth, JaneFraser, Carol Ecke, Terri Jones andRenee Shepherd gather for a picture;Peter Ramig and Nancy Ribbler.


VP Knows StutteringDear SFA:

My name is Paul. I go to speechtherapy because I have trouble withmy language skills and I stutter. Myfriend, who also stutters, my speechteacher and I did a presentation infront of my class about stut-tering. We talked about howVice President Joe Bidenused to stutter. And, I alsowrote an article in the schoolnewspaper about it. Everyoneat school liked it and I hopeyou do too:

“Did you know that inthe vice president’s younglife he had some trouble inschool? He took speechtherapy because he had alittle bit of trouble speak-ing… (and also to)…makehis stuttering better.

“How come the vice presi-dent had trouble in his younglife and now he is the vicepresident? Because he neverlet it bother him … Thatmeans that if you have anyproblems in school or out ofschool, don’t let it get to you.Don’t let people make you feel likea bad person. …pick friends thatwill guide you and helpyou…and…keep on trying andyou will be successful...”PaulArcade, NYEditor’s Note: Paul was thrilled to

receive a personal letter of thanksand encouragement from the vicepresident, who thanked Paul forwriting to him and for sharing hispersonal experiences with stutter-ing, saying, “…I personally under-stand the terrible fear and frustra-tion of a stutterer.”“If I could share one piece of ad-

vice it would be this: when you com-mit yourself to a goal and when youpersevere in the face of a struggle,

you will discover new strengths andskills to help you overcome not onlythis challenge, but also future lifechallenges as well.”Excellent advice for everyone,

from Paul and the VP!

Keep on TalkingDear SFA:

My name is Ghiovaney andI’m 10 years old and in the fifthgrade. I’ve been going to speechfor two years. I like to play soc-cer, football, and basketball. Ialso like to play video gamesafter I finish my homework. Ihave two brothers, one youngerand one older than me.

When I stutter, I feel OK with it.To me, it’s not a big deal. I’m posi-tive about it and don’t let people getto me. Sometimes I stutter when Italk to my classmates, but I justkeep on going. The strategies thatmy speech teacher taught me thatwork are “easy onset” and “phras-ing.” Making good eye contact also

helps me while speaking. Thesestrategies all help me speak better.

I hope that all kids who stutteruse their strategies. Also, if anyclassmates tease them, theyshould just ignore them and keepmoving forward.Ghiovaney

Orlando, Fla.

Everyone StuttersDear SFA:

My name is Jean. I’m 10years old and in 5th grade.I like to play soccer, videogames, basketball, football,and I like watching TV.

When I stutter, I get furiousbecause I can’t get my wordsout correctly. I feel shy whenI’m talking to someone.Then, in the middle of aword, I stutter. I get nervouswhen I have to speak to agroup of people. Sometimes,I get frustrated because peo-ple laugh at me. I just try toignore them and keep talking.

The strategies I learnedwith my speech teacher are

slow, easy speech, pausing, andphrasing. Slow, easy speechhelps me not talk so fast.Pausing and phrasing help mebreak up the sentence and takepauses so I can slow down.

The only thing I can say to peo-ple who stutter is to never give upand keep your speech moving for-ward. Ignore the people who both-er you. Don’t get mad about yourstuttering. Almost everyone in theworld stutters sometimes, evenDarren Sproles! If you don’t knowwho he is, he is a famous footballplayer. Don’t be shy when talkingto other girls and boys. Don’t letstuttering control your life.JeanOrlando, Fla.


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Send letters to SFA, P.O. Box 11749, Memphis, TN 38111-0749 or e-mail [email protected].

Dear SFA: Reader Response

Paul holds a letter fromthe vice president and a copy of his schoolnewspaper.


Stuttering is OKDear SFA:

I am 8 years old. I am OK withstuttering but not perfect.Sometimes I stutter with a friendor my mom and dad. I go to ther-apy so I can have help. Jonathan,New York

Teasing HurtsDear SFA:

My name is Chynna and I’m 8years old. A lot of people in myclass tease meabout stutter-ing. When Italk, I stutter.People finishmy sentences.I tell them tostop but theydon’t. I feelembarrassed.Chynna,GeorgiaEditor’s Note:

Sometimes ithelps to talk toyour classmatesabout stutteringand how it hurts to be teased. Yourspeech teacher can help you make apresentation to your class. ReadJean’s letter on page 10 for tips.

‘Super Cool Kid’Dear SFA:

I am T.J. and I am almost 9 1⁄2years old. I don’t like it whenpeople make fun of my stutter.It hurts my feelings. I try not todo it. I try to use “slow,smooth, speech,” and it helps atad bit. I try breathing in andbreathing out and then talking.That helps too. Sometimes, Idon’t want to talk in class. Myclassmates say, “Why don’t youtalk a lot?” I tell them why andwhen I tell them why, they startlaughing at me.

In class, we talked about every-one having something that ishard for them. That helped. Now,

the kids in my class understandwhy I stutter. I stutter at hometoo — a lot. I am learning newstrategies to help with my stut-tering. It doesn’t really matter ifI stutter because I am a supercool kid.T.J.,Milwaukee, Wis.

Speech Teacher HelpsDear SFA:

My name is Dylan. I am 8 yearsold. I stutter when I talk fast. Myspeech teacher helps me not to stut-

ter with pull-outs. This helpsme relax. Thishelps me getout the stutter.Dylan,Missouri

FriendsMake aDifferenceDear SFA:

My name isCohen and Istutter. WhenI turned 8 insecond grade

I was teased and I did not likeit at all.

Even though I was teasedabout my stuttering I still madefriends. I got better with mystuttering because I go tospeech.

I went to a stuttering conferencein Phoneix. It was so fun becausewe make a lot of things. We madeour own T-shirts. The hotel had apool shaped as a U. It had a raftand slide.

There are a lot of people whostutter besides me. There’sJohnny Damon for example.People need to stop teasing otherpeople about their stuttering.

I have friends who will stick bymy side and don’t care if I stutter.They don’t call me names.

Don’t let other people get toyou about your stuttering. Cohen, Boston, Mass. �

WINTER 2010 11800-992-9392


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Letters Continued from page 10

11-year-old “J” from Brooklyn,N.Y., drew this picture telling us thatpeople around the world stutter.

A Word AboutStuttering

By Myles Buchanan

My stutter has been with mesince before I can remember.Over the years, it has manifesteditself in numerous ways: When Iwas young, in loud whole-wordrepetitions; when I was in thenervous beginnings of adoles-cence, in frantic sticking jitterson a single sound; and now inless conspicuous but still dread-ed silent blocks in which words

s i m p l ystop deadin mym o u t h .I’ve hatedit, laughedat it, madelight of it,

come close to tears about it, andabove all have resented it, butstuttering has become an inte-gral part of who I am.

My frustration with the spo-ken word began when I was fiveand endured on into middleschool, and I learned to despisemy stutter. My teachers werekind and my classmates accept-ing, but neither of these thingscould dispel the constant irrita-tion that I suffered because ofmy speech impediment. I hadintelligent, thoughtful, impor-tant things to say, but my stutterhindered my speech.

I’m sixteen now, and havecome to view my stutter with ahealthy touch of levity. Throughwork with my speech patholo-gist, Kristen Haines Mangan,I’ve become well-equipped todeal with my speech impedi-ments and exercise a measure ofcontrol over them.

to be continued... visitour Web site, www.stutter-inghelp.org, for the rest of thisarticle. Click on “Teens.” �



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By Sandra Garzon, M.A., CCC-SLP

I traveled to my nativeColombia over the summer andwas given the extraordinary op-portunity to give a talk to parentsabout stuttering and how they canhelp their children to improvetheir speech and fluency skills. Iwas able to establish contactswith speech pathologists at theUniversity of Valle and CentroMedico Imbanaco in Cali,

Colombia, and I shared with themmaterials from the StutteringFoundation in Spanish.

They were thankful for theseefforts to increase awareness ofthe disorder.

The clinicians and professorsfrom University of Valle are in-terested to continue to disemi-nate this information and arewilling to continue working in acollaborative way with theStuttering Foundation. �

Spanish Materials Help in Colombia

Sandra Garzon works with children who stutter in Colombia.

As a gift to the StutteringFoundation and to help childrenand adults who stutter whose na-tive language is Spanish, work-shopper Mara Luque fromArgentina has translated the fol-lowing flyers: Myths AboutStuttering, 8 Tips for Teachers,and 7 Tips for Parents.

Mara writes from BuenosAires, “ Last week we celebrat-ed the awareness day and I wasreally thrilled!! I wrote a newsarticle about stuttering for oneof the most popular newspapersfrom my country. �

Gift fromArgentina

Mitos sobre tartamudez

Mito: Las personas que tartamudean

no son inteligentes.

Realidad: No existe ninguna rela

ción que vincule a la

tartamudez con la inteligencia.

Mito: Los nervios causan la tartam

udez.

Realidad: Los nervios no causan l

a tartamudez. Tampoco

deberíamos creer que las persona

s que tartamudean son

propensas a experimentar nervio

s, temor, ansiedad o

vergüenza. Tienen las mismas car

acterísticas de person-

alidad que aquellas personas que

no tartamudean.

Mito: la tartamudez puede ser “in

corporada” por im-

itación o por escuchar a otra pers

ona tartamudear.

Realidad: la tartamudez no pue

de ser “incorporada”.

Nadie sabe aún la causa exacta de

la tartamudez, pero es-

tudios recientes indican que la h

istoria familiar (genéti-

ca), el desarrollo neuromuscular

y el medioambiente del

niño, incluyendo la dinámica fam

iliar, juegan un papel

importante en el inicio de la tart

amudez.

Mito: Ayuda decirle a la persona q

ue “respire profunda-

mente antes de hablar”, o que “pi

ense lo que quiere decir

antes de hacerlo”

Realidad: Este consejo solo hac

e que la persona tome

mayor conciencia, haciendo que

la tartamudez sea más

severa. La respuesta que más pu

ede ayudar es escuchar

pacientemente y lograr modelar u

n habla lenta y clara.

Mito: El stress causa tartamudez

Realidad: Como mencionamos an

teriormente, son varios

factores complejos que están invol

ucrados. El stress no es

la causa, pero seguramente puede

agravar la tartamudez.

I enrolled in a four-week pro-gram by Successful StutteringManagement Program at EasternWashington University in Cheney,Washington. After many failedtherapies in the past, I took theirprogram to heart. What I likedmost was they did not promise flu-ency and heavily emphasizedbeing open about stuttering andadvertise it—something that evenafter 20 years I do. Without it, Icould not break through the fear of

stuttering and being a speaker.Since my ultimate goal was to

be a speaker, I immediately joinedour local Toastmasters Club aftergraduating from that workshop. Ivisited the club as a guest fivetimes and sat by the exit door tomake sure I would be able to es-cape if needed. Finally I took therisk and joined the club. I becamean active member and participatedin many speech contests and wonseveral public speaking awards.The positive, supportive and con-

structive environment of the clubbuilt my confidence, and I wasable to push myself to a higherlevel. Joining the ToastmastersClub was the greatest investment Ihave done in my life.

Today, I feel my stuttering is agift. It allows me to share my storywith other people and inspirethem. If we are committed, wecan achieve almost anything. If Iwas able to do it, everyone can. For more information, visit

www.paulnoor.com. �

Masterpiece Continued from page 8

8 Consejos para los Maestros1. No le pida al niño que “hable más lento” o “que se relaje”. 2. No complete las palabras ni tampoco hable por el niño o la niña.3. Ayude a todos los alumnos de la clasea respetar la toma de turnos al hablar yescuchar. A todos los niños – y especial-mente a aquellos que tartamudean- les re-sulta más fácil hablar cuando existenpocas interrupciones y cuando el oyenteles presta atención.

4. Espere la misma calidad de trabajo delos niños que tartamudean como deaquellos que no lo hacen.5. Hable con el alumno de un modopoco acelerado, realizando pausas.6. Manifieste estar escuchando el con-tenido del mensaje, y no como lo dice.7. Tenga una conversación cara a caracon el niño que tartamudea sobre las necesidades de adaptación dentro del aula. Respete las necesidades del alumno pero no sea demasiado permisivo.

Buenos Aires’ leading newspa-per featured Mara Luque.



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altered auditory feedback (AAF)and non-altered auditory feed-back (NAF). Two groups wereidentified. One group had a larg-er left PT (leftward PT asymme-try) and one group had a largerright PT (rightward asymmetry).The PDS subgroup with atypicalrightward PT asymmetry was sig-nificantly more dys-fluent at baseline thanthe PDS subgroupwith typical PTanatomy. Thesegroups differed intheir response toAAF. The individualswith atypical PTanatomy becamemore fluent underconditions of AAF.The individuals withtypical PT asymme-try did not becomemore fluent withAAF. The subgroupthat we identifiedwith atypical PT anatomy mayrepresent a distinct biologicalsubgroup.

In 2001, the SpeechEasy de-vice was developed to treatstuttering by using principlesof AAF. It is a small devicewhich looks and fits like ahearing aid. This device worksin essence by “playing a copy”of the person’s own speech intheir ear after shifting the pitchas well as creating a temporaldelay in the acoustic output oftheir speech production.According to the manufactur-ers development and testing ofthis device and empirical stud-ies, there are some individualsthat have a marked improve-ment in speech output with useof the device and these effectspersist over time. Some peoplewho show improvement initial-ly may have diminished benefitover time. There are other indi-viduals that may not respond tothe device with a significant

improvement in speech output. We are interested in deter-

mining whether there are pre-dictable brain-based measuresof auditory temporal corticalanatomy and function that areassociated with a better treat-ment outcome. It may be thatatypical PT anatomy will beassociated with a better treat-

ment response to AAF, and bi-lateral deactivation of auditorytemporal cortex may be “cor-rected” with treatment, i.e.,this pattern may become moreleft lateralized as reported influent controls.

In order to understand themechanism of action of this de-vice we have examined the de-vice under laboratory conditions.To date 20 participants — 11adults who stutter-AWS, 9 con-trols — have been examined. Atthe recent ASHA meeting inNew Orleans, we reported on theresults in the right-handed menevaluated to date including AWS(n=8) and controls (n=8)matched on age and education.The results in our larger sampleconfirm what we found in ourpreliminary analyses. The device has more influ-

ence on stuttering frequencyduring narration and readingthan during conversationalspeech. This effect interacts

with which ear the device isworn on. That is, some partici-pants had more effect with thedevice in the left versus theright ear. As has been shownwith previous studies, therewas considerable variationamong participants. Thus, our preliminary re-

sults show that the AAF devicecan influence stuttering, but

inconsistently with agreat deal of indi-vidual variation. It isimportant to deter-mine whether specificsettings, ear place-ment, attention orother biological fac-tors, like the anatomyof the PT, may influ-ence response. �

ReferencesArmson J, Kiefte M, MasonJ, De Croos D. (2006) Theeffect of SpeechEasy onstuttering frequency in labo-ratory conditions. J FluencyDisord. 31:137-152.

Foundas AL, Bollich AM, Corey D, HurleyM, Heilman K (2001). Anomalous anatomyof speech-language areas in adults with per-sistent developmental stuttering. Neurology,57: 207-215.Foundas AL, Bollich AM, Feldman J,

Corey DM, Hurley M, Heilman KM. (2004)Atypical planum temporale anatomy in stut-tering: Relationship to delayed auditoryfeedback. Neurology. 63: 1640-1646. Kalinowski, J. (2003). Self-reported effica-

cy of an all in-the-ear-canal prosthetic device toinhibit stuttering during one hundred hours ofuniversity teaching. Disability andRehabilitation, 25: 107–111.Pollard, R, Ellis, JB, Finan, D, Ramig,

PR. (2009) Effects of the SpeechEasy on ob-jective and perceived aspects of stuttering:A 6-month , Phase I Clinical Trial in natural-istic environments. J of Speech & HearingResearch. 52:516-533.

Neurobiology Continued from front

Anne Foundas, Deidre J. Devier, Nicole Villemarette-Pittman, Edward Conture,Jeffrey Mock, Tracey A. Knaus, Celine McConville and Jane Fraser during thevisit of Conture and Fraser Oct. 12-14 to the Brain and Behavior Program at LSUHealth Sciences Center in New Orleans.

Best wishes from Shanghai!SFA workshopper Haiyin Huangis surrounded by members of hisstuttering support group in China.


3100 Walnut Grove Road, Suite 603P.O. Box 11749 • Memphis, TN 38111-0749


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This newsletter is published quarterly. Please e-mail addresschanges and story ideas to [email protected].

Volume19, Issue 1Renee Shepherd . . . . . . . . . . . . . EditorScot Squires . . . . . . . . . . Writer/DesignerSpecial thanks to Joan Warner, Patty Reed,Susie Hall, Pat Hamm, Lisa Hinton, TerriJones, and Carol Ecke.

NONPROFIT ORG

US POSTAGE PAID

MEMPHIS, TN

PERMIT # 2078

Find us on Facebook

Brenda Kay Malepeai passedaway on March 31, 2009, sur-rounded by her family. She was amember of the StutteringFoundation’s Western WorkshopClass of 2000. “Brenda was anoutstanding leader in the practice

of stuttering andfluency disorders,”noted FoundationPresident JaneFraser.Brenda joined the

faculty of the Speech Pathologyand Audiology Department atIdaho State University in 1982,where she served for 20 years asthe Clinical Director. Among herprofessional accomplishments,she was awarded the Honors ofthe Idaho Speech-Language-Hearing Association and re-ceived Specialty Recognition influency disorders from theAmerican Speech-Language-Hearing Association.

Colleague and fellow work-shopper Carol Ecke remembersher fondly, “Brenda’s compas-sion for her family, friends, stu-dents, and profession were ap-parent from the day we met in2000, and although her death isa shock, I will always rememberher glorious smile, laughter, andgood humor as she embracedeach day as a new adventure.” �

Brenda Kay Malepeai 1952-2009

Workshops4The Stuttering Foundation Five Day Workshop,Cognitive Approaches to Parent-ChildInteraction Therapy, will be held in Boston,Massachusetts, June 14-18, 2010. With FrancesCook, MSc, Cert. CT (Oxford), Reg UKCP(PCT), Cert MRCSLT (Hons) and WillieBotterill, MSc (Psych. Couns.), Reg UKCP(PCT), Cert MRCSLT of the Michael Palin Centrefor Stammering Children in London. Conferencecoordinator is Diane Parris, M.S., of BostonUniversity. For more information, call 800-992-9392 or visit www.stutteringhelp.org and click on“Speech-language pathologists.” The StutteringFoundation pays all tuition costs as well as roomand board for this exceptional in-depth workshop.4The Stuttering Foundation’s Five Day Mid-Atlantic Workshop, Treating Children andAdolescents Who Stutter, at Children’s Hospitalof Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, June18-22, 2008. With Joseph Donaher, Ph.D.,Children's Hospital of Philadelphia; Lisa A. Scott,Ph.D., The Florida State University; and VivianSisskin, M.A., University of Maryland-CollegePark. For more information, call 800-992-9392 orvisit www.stutteringhelp.org and click on “Speech-language pathologists.” The Stuttering Foundationpays all tuition costs as well as room and board forthis exceptional in-depth workshop.

Books4Leap of Faith by Richard Benyo. (2009)Pennsylvania Heritage Books. Available atwww.amazon.com. 4Treatment of Stuttering, Established andEmerging Interventions by Barry Guitar andRebecca McCauley. (2010) Lippincott,Williams, and Wilkin, Baltimore. www.lww.com.4Research on Stuttering in Pre-school andSchool Children by Zbigniew Tarkowski andEwa Malgorzata Skorek. (2009) UniversityZielonogorski Press, Poland.4Clinical Decision Making in Fluency Disordersby Walter H. Manning. (2009) Delmar CengageLearning, Clifton Park, NY. www.cengage.com.4Practical Intervention for Early ChildhoodStammering by Elaine Kelman and AlisonNicholas. (2008) Speechmark Publishing, Ltd.Milton Keynes, U.K., www.speechmark.net.4Stammering, Advice for All Ages by ReneeByrne and Louise Wright. (2008), Sheldon Press,London, www.sheldonpress.co.uk.

See our Web site, www.stutteringhelp.org, for acomplete list of books. �

Stuttering Foundation workshop-per and speech-language pathol-ogist Anne-Marie Simon, center,of France and speech-languagepathologist Aude Fresnay led anintensive therapy week in PortLouis, Mauritius, reports JimCaroopen of Mauritius. �

Happy New Year! ~ from our staff


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